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Poimenova IA, Sozarukova MM, Ratova DMV, Nikitina VN, Khabibullin VR, Mikheev IV, Proskurnina EV, Proskurnin MA. Analytical Methods for Assessing Thiol Antioxidants in Biological Fluids: A Review. Molecules 2024; 29:4433. [PMID: 39339429 PMCID: PMC11433793 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29184433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2024] [Revised: 09/13/2024] [Accepted: 09/15/2024] [Indexed: 09/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Redox metabolism is an integral part of the glutathione system, encompassing reduced and oxidized glutathione, hydrogen peroxide, and associated enzymes. This core process orchestrates a network of thiol antioxidants like thioredoxins and peroxiredoxins, alongside critical thiol-containing proteins such as mercaptoalbumin. Modifications to thiol-containing proteins, including oxidation and glutathionylation, regulate cellular signaling influencing gene activities in inflammation and carcinogenesis. Analyzing thiol antioxidants, especially glutathione, in biological fluids offers insights into pathological conditions. This review discusses the analytical methods for biothiol determination, mainly in blood plasma. The study includes all key methodological aspects of spectroscopy, chromatography, electrochemistry, and mass spectrometry, highlighting their principles, benefits, limitations, and recent advancements that were not included in previously published reviews. Sample preparation and factors affecting thiol antioxidant measurements are discussed. The review reveals that the choice of analytical procedures should be based on the specific requirements of the research. Spectrophotometric methods are simple and cost-effective but may need more specificity. Chromatographic techniques have excellent separation capabilities but require longer analysis times. Electrochemical methods enable real-time monitoring but have disadvantages such as interference. Mass spectrometry-based approaches have high sensitivity and selectivity but require sophisticated instrumentation. Combining multiple techniques can provide comprehensive information on thiol antioxidant levels in biological fluids, enabling clearer insights into their roles in health and disease. This review covers the time span from 2010 to mid-2024, and the data were obtained from the SciFinder® (ACS), Google Scholar (Google), PubMed®, and ScienceDirect (Scopus) databases through a combination search approach using keywords.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iuliia A. Poimenova
- Analytical Chemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-3 Leninskie Gory, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (I.A.P.); (M.M.S.); (D.-M.V.R.); (V.N.N.); (V.R.K.)
| | - Madina M. Sozarukova
- Analytical Chemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-3 Leninskie Gory, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (I.A.P.); (M.M.S.); (D.-M.V.R.); (V.N.N.); (V.R.K.)
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117901 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Daria-Maria V. Ratova
- Analytical Chemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-3 Leninskie Gory, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (I.A.P.); (M.M.S.); (D.-M.V.R.); (V.N.N.); (V.R.K.)
| | - Vita N. Nikitina
- Analytical Chemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-3 Leninskie Gory, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (I.A.P.); (M.M.S.); (D.-M.V.R.); (V.N.N.); (V.R.K.)
| | - Vladislav R. Khabibullin
- Analytical Chemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-3 Leninskie Gory, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (I.A.P.); (M.M.S.); (D.-M.V.R.); (V.N.N.); (V.R.K.)
- Federal State Budgetary Institution of Science Institute of African Studies, Russian Academy of Sciences, Spiridonovka St., 30/1, 123001 Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivan V. Mikheev
- Analytical Chemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-3 Leninskie Gory, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (I.A.P.); (M.M.S.); (D.-M.V.R.); (V.N.N.); (V.R.K.)
| | - Elena V. Proskurnina
- Kurnakov Institute of General and Inorganic Chemistry, Russian Academy of Sciences, 117901 Moscow, Russia;
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Research Centre for Medical Genetics, 1 Moskvorechye St., 115522 Moscow, Russia
| | - Mikhail A. Proskurnin
- Analytical Chemistry Division, Department of Chemistry, Lomonosov Moscow State University, 1-3 Leninskie Gory, 119234 Moscow, Russia; (I.A.P.); (M.M.S.); (D.-M.V.R.); (V.N.N.); (V.R.K.)
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Noctor G, Cohen M, Trémulot L, Châtel-Innocenti G, Van Breusegem F, Mhamdi A. Glutathione: a key modulator of plant defence and metabolism through multiple mechanisms. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:4549-4572. [PMID: 38676714 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae194] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024]
Abstract
Redox reactions are fundamental to energy conversion in living cells, and also determine and tune responses to the environment. Within this context, the tripeptide glutathione plays numerous roles. As an important antioxidant, glutathione confers redox stability on the cell and also acts as an interface between signalling pathways and metabolic reactions that fuel growth and development. It also contributes to the assembly of cell components, biosynthesis of sulfur-containing metabolites, inactivation of potentially deleterious compounds, and control of hormonal signalling intensity. The multiplicity of these roles probably explains why glutathione status has been implicated in influencing plant responses to many different conditions. In particular, there is now a considerable body of evidence showing that glutathione is a crucial player in governing the outcome of biotic stresses. This review provides an overview of glutathione synthesis, transport, degradation, and redox turnover in plants. It examines the expression of genes associated with these processes during pathogen challenge and related conditions, and considers the diversity of mechanisms by which glutathione can influence protein function and gene expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham Noctor
- Institut des Sciences des Plantes de Paris-Saclay, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8618 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay cedex, France
- Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), France
| | - Mathias Cohen
- Institut des Sciences des Plantes de Paris-Saclay, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8618 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay cedex, France
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lug Trémulot
- Institut des Sciences des Plantes de Paris-Saclay, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8618 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay cedex, France
| | - Gilles Châtel-Innocenti
- Institut des Sciences des Plantes de Paris-Saclay, Unité Mixte de Recherche 8618 Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université de Paris-Sud, 91405 Orsay cedex, France
| | - Frank Van Breusegem
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
| | - Amna Mhamdi
- Center for Plant Systems Biology, VIB, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
- Department of Plant Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Ghent University, 9052 Ghent, Belgium
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Yuan Y, Zhuang Y, Cui Y, Liu Y, Zhang Q, Xiao Q, Meng Q, Jiang J, Hao W, Wei X. Effects of 1, 2-bis (2,4, 6-tribromophenoxy) ethane and bis (2-ethylhexyl) tetrabromophthalate on serum metabolic and lipid profiles in male rats. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2024; 490:117020. [PMID: 38969211 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2024.117020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/02/2024] [Indexed: 07/07/2024]
Abstract
This study explored the effects of 1, 2-bis (2,4, 6-tribromophenoxy) ethane (BTBPE) and bis (2-ethylhexyl) tetrabromophthalate (TBPH) on serum metabolites and lipids in male Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats. Rats were orally gavaged 250 mg/kg bw of BTBPE and 500 mg/kg bw of TBPH for 28 consecutive days. Serum samples were collected for metabolomics and lipidomics analysis. Orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) was used to explore changes in rat metabolic patterns. Least absolute shrinkage and selection operator (LASSO) regression models were established using serum levels of total thyroxine (TT4), free thyroxine (FT4), and rats' grouping information as variables to screen for robust differential substances. SuperPred was the database to obtain potential targets. The metabolomics and lipidomics results showed that BTBPE and TBPH had an impact on rat metabolic patterns, affecting pathways such as vitamin B6 synthesis. For BTBPE treatment, pyridoxal and ceramide (Cer) 24:0;4O were selected as differential substances related to thyroid hormones. For TBPH treatment, dehydroascorbic acid, acylcarnitine (CAR) 19:0, and diglyceride (DG) 38:4 were selected as differential substances related to thyroid hormones. Serotonin 2c receptor and cyclooxygenase-2 were chosen as potential targets of BTBPE and TBPH, respectively. In conclusion, this study found that BTBPE and TBPH impacted the metabolism of rats, and this effect may be related to changes in thyroid function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuese Yuan
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Yimeng Zhuang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Yuan Cui
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Yuetong Liu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Qiong Zhang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Qianqian Xiao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Qinghe Meng
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Jianjun Jiang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Weidong Hao
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing 100191, PR China
| | - Xuetao Wei
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing 100191, PR China; Beijing Key Laboratory of Toxicological Research and Risk Assessment for Food Safety, Beijing 100191, PR China.
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Gwozdzinski K, Bujak-Pietrek S, Pieniazek A, Gwozdzinski L. Modulation of the Human Erythrocyte Antioxidant System by the 5- and 6-Membered Heterocycle-Based Nitroxides. Molecules 2024; 29:2941. [PMID: 38931005 PMCID: PMC11207074 DOI: 10.3390/molecules29122941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2024] [Revised: 06/02/2024] [Accepted: 06/11/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Nitroxides are stable radicals consisting of a nitroxyl group, >N-O•, which carries an unpaired electron. This group is responsible for the paramagnetic and antioxidant properties of these compounds. A recent study evaluated the effects of pyrrolidine and pyrroline derivatives of nitroxides on the antioxidant system of human red blood cells (RBCs). It showed that nitroxides caused an increase in the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and the level of methemoglobin (MetHb) in cells (in pyrroline derivatives) but had no effect on the activity of catalase and lactate dehydrogenase. Nitroxides also reduced the concentration of ascorbic acid (AA) in cells but did not cause any oxidation of proteins or lipids. Interestingly, nitroxides initiated an increase in thiols in the plasma membranes and hemolysate. However, the study also revealed that nitroxides may have pro-oxidant properties. The drop in the AA concentration and the increase in the MetHb level and in SOD activity may indicate the pro-oxidant properties of nitroxides in red blood cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Krzysztof Gwozdzinski
- Department of Oncobiology and Epigenetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (K.G.); (A.P.)
| | - Stella Bujak-Pietrek
- Department of Chemical Hazards, Nofer Institute of Occupational Medicine, 91-348 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Anna Pieniazek
- Department of Oncobiology and Epigenetics, Faculty of Biology and Environmental Protection, University of Lodz, 90-236 Lodz, Poland; (K.G.); (A.P.)
| | - Lukasz Gwozdzinski
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Zeligowskiego 7/9, 90-752 Lodz, Poland
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Athanasiou A, Charalambous M, Anastasiou T, Aggeli K, Soteriades ES. Preoperative and postoperative administration of vitamin C in cardiac surgery patients - settings, dosages, duration, and clinical outcomes: a narrative review. Ann Med Surg (Lond) 2024; 86:3591-3607. [PMID: 38846824 PMCID: PMC11152825 DOI: 10.1097/ms9.0000000000002112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Vitamin C or ascorbic acid is a water-soluble vitamin capable of directly donating electrons to reactive oxygen species, attenuating electrical remodeling, and cardiac dysfunction in patients undergoing cardiac surgery (CS), considered one of the most effective defenses against free radicals in the blood, thus being one of the first antioxidants consumed during oxidative stress. The aim of this review is to assess the effects of perioperative administration of vitamin C in CS patients. A comprehensive literature search was conducted in order to identify prospective cohort studies and/or randomized controlled trials reporting on the perioperative effects of vitamin C among adult patients undergoing CS. Studies published between January 1980 to December 2022 were included in our search, resulting in a total of 31 articles that met all our inclusion criteria. There seems to be a beneficial effect of vitamin C supplementation in arrhythmias such as in postoperative atrial fibrillation, reduction of ICU length of stay, and hospital length of stay, reduction in postoperative ventilation time, in inotropic demand, and in postoperative fatigue. Vitamin C can act as a scavenger of free radicals to decrease the peroxidation of the lipids present in the cell membrane, and to protect the myocardium postoperatively from ischemia/reperfusion injury, thus attenuating oxidative stress and inflammation. It represents a readily available and cost-effective strategy that could improve the outcome of patients undergoing CS, by reducing the risk of serious cardiovascular adverse events, both perioperatively and postoperatively.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Konstantina Aggeli
- Department of Cardiology, ‘Hippocrates’ General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Elpidoforos S. Soteriades
- Healthcare Management Program, School of Economics and Management, Open University of Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
- Department of Environmental Health, Environmental and Occupational Medicine and Epidemiology, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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Maruta T, Tanaka Y, Yamamoto K, Ishida T, Hamada A, Ishikawa T. Evolutionary insights into strategy shifts for the safe and effective accumulation of ascorbate in plants. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:2664-2681. [PMID: 38452239 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2024] [Indexed: 03/09/2024]
Abstract
Plants accumulate high concentrations of ascorbate, commonly in their leaves, as a redox buffer. While ascorbate levels have increased during plant evolution, the mechanisms behind this phenomenon are unclear. Moreover, has the increase in ascorbate concentration been achieved without imposing any detrimental effects on the plants? In this review, we focus on potential transitions in two regulatory mechanisms related to ascorbate biosynthesis and the availability of cellular dehydroascorbate (DHA) during plant evolution. The first transition might be that the trigger for the transcriptional induction of VTC2, which encodes the rate-limiting enzyme in ascorbate biosynthesis, has shifted from oxidative stress (in green algae) to light/photosynthesis (in land plants), probably enabling the continuous accumulation of ascorbate under illumination. This could serve as a preventive system against the unpredictable occurrence of oxidative stress. The second transition might be that DHA-degrading enzymes, which protect cells from the highly reactive DHA in green algae and mosses, have been lost in ferns or flowering plants. Instead, flowering plants may have increased glutathione concentrations to reinforce the DHA reduction capacity, possibly allowing ascorbate accumulation and avoiding the toxicity of DHA. These potential transitions may have contributed to strategies for plants' safe and effective accumulation of ascorbate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takanori Maruta
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan
- Bioresource and Life Sciences, The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
- Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Academic Assembly, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Tanaka
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan
- Bioresource and Life Sciences, The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
| | - Kojiro Yamamoto
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan
| | - Tetsuya Ishida
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan
| | - Akane Hamada
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ishikawa
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan
- Bioresource and Life Sciences, The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori, Tottori 680-8553, Japan
- Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Academic Assembly, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue, Shimane 690-8504, Japan
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Peruch M, Giacomello E, Radaelli D, Concato M, Addobbati R, Fluca AL, Aleksova A, D’Errico S. Subcellular Effectors of Cocaine Cardiotoxicity: All Roads Lead to Mitochondria-A Systematic Review of the Literature. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14517. [PMID: 37833964 PMCID: PMC10573028 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cocaine abuse is a serious public health problem as this drug exerts a plethora of functional and histopathological changes that potentially lead to death. Cocaine causes complex multiorgan toxicity, including in the heart where the blockade of the sodium channels causes increased catecholamine levels and alteration in calcium homeostasis, thus inducing an increased oxygen demand. Moreover, there is evidence to suggest that mitochondria alterations play a crucial role in the development of cocaine cardiotoxicity. We performed a systematic review according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systemic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) scheme to evaluate the mitochondrial mechanisms determining cocaine cardiotoxicity. Among the initial 106 articles from the Pubmed database and the 17 articles identified through citation searching, 14 final relevant studies were extensively reviewed. Thirteen articles included animal models and reported the alteration of specific mitochondria-dependent mechanisms such as reduced energy production, imbalance of membrane potential, increased oxidative stress, and promotion of apoptosis. However, only one study evaluated human cocaine overdose samples and observed the role of cocaine in oxidative stress and the induction of apoptosis though mitochondria. Understanding the complex processes mediated by mitochondria through forensic analysis and experimental models is crucial for identifying potential therapeutic targets to mitigate or reverse cocaine cardiotoxicity in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michela Peruch
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (M.P.); (E.G.); (D.R.); (M.C.); (A.L.F.); (A.A.)
| | - Emiliana Giacomello
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (M.P.); (E.G.); (D.R.); (M.C.); (A.L.F.); (A.A.)
| | - Davide Radaelli
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (M.P.); (E.G.); (D.R.); (M.C.); (A.L.F.); (A.A.)
| | - Monica Concato
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (M.P.); (E.G.); (D.R.); (M.C.); (A.L.F.); (A.A.)
| | - Riccardo Addobbati
- Institute for Maternal and Child Health, IRCCS “Burlo Garofolo”, 34137 Trieste, Italy;
| | - Alessandra Lucia Fluca
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (M.P.); (E.G.); (D.R.); (M.C.); (A.L.F.); (A.A.)
- Cardiothoracovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Aneta Aleksova
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (M.P.); (E.G.); (D.R.); (M.C.); (A.L.F.); (A.A.)
- Cardiothoracovascular Department, Azienda Sanitaria Universitaria Giuliano Isontina, 34149 Trieste, Italy
| | - Stefano D’Errico
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Health Sciences, University of Trieste, 34149 Trieste, Italy; (M.P.); (E.G.); (D.R.); (M.C.); (A.L.F.); (A.A.)
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Margaritelis NV, Nastos GG, Vasileiadou O, Chatzinikolaou PN, Theodorou AA, Paschalis V, Vrabas IS, Kyparos A, Fatouros IG, Nikolaidis MG. Inter-individual variability in redox and performance responses after antioxidant supplementation: A randomized double blind crossover study. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2023; 238:e14017. [PMID: 37401190 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 06/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
AIM We aimed to investigate the inter-individual variability in redox and physiological responses of antioxidant-deficient subjects after antioxidant supplementation. METHODS Two hundred individuals were sorted by plasma vitamin C levels. A low vitamin C group (n = 22) and a control group (n = 22) were compared in terms of oxidative stress and performance. Subsequently, the low vitamin C group received for 30 days vitamin C (1 g) or placebo, in randomized, double-blind, crossover fashion, and the effects were examined through a mixed-effects model, while individual responses were calculated. RESULTS The low vitamin C group exhibited lower vitamin C (-25 μmol/L; 95%CI[-31.7, -18.3]; p < 0.001), higher F2 -isoprostanes (+17.1 pg/mL; 95%CI[6.5, 27.7]; p = 0.002), impaired VO2max (-8.2 mL/kg/min; 95%CI[-12.8, -3.6]; p < 0.001) and lower isometric peak torque (-41.5 Nm; 95%CI[-61.8, -21.2]; p < 0.001) compared to the control group. Regarding antioxidant supplementation, a significant treatment effect was found in vitamin C (+11.6 μmol/L; 95%CI[6.8, 17.1], p < 0.001), F2 -isoprostanes (-13.7 pg/mL; 95%CI[-18.9, -8.4], p < 0.001), VO2max (+5.4 mL/kg/min; 95%CI[2.7, 8.2], p = 0.001) and isometric peak torque (+18.7; 95%CI[11.8, 25.7 Nm], p < 0.001). The standard deviation for individual responses (SDir) was greater than the smallest worthwhile change (SWC) for all variables indicating meaningful inter-individual variability. When a minimal clinically important difference (MCID) was set, inter-individual variability remained for VO2max , but not for isometric peak torque. CONCLUSION The proportion of response was generally high after supplementation (82.9%-95.3%); however, a few participants did not benefit from the treatment. This underlines the potential need for personalized nutritional interventions in an exercise physiology context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikos V Margaritelis
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Serres, Greece
| | - George G Nastos
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Serres, Greece
| | - Olga Vasileiadou
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Serres, Greece
| | - Panagiotis N Chatzinikolaou
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Serres, Greece
| | - Anastasios A Theodorou
- Department of Life Sciences, School of Sciences, European University Cyprus, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Vassilis Paschalis
- School of Physical Education and Sport Science, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, Athens, Greece
| | - Ioannis S Vrabas
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Serres, Greece
| | - Antonios Kyparos
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Serres, Greece
| | - Ioannis G Fatouros
- Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Thessaly, Trikala, Greece
| | - Michalis G Nikolaidis
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Science at Serres, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Serres, Greece
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Lee E, Park HY, Kim SW, Sun Y, Choi JH, Seo J, Jung YP, Kim AJ, Kim J, Lim K. Enhancing Supplemental Effects of Acute Natural Antioxidant Derived from Yeast Fermentation and Vitamin C on Sports Performance in Triathlon Athletes: A Randomized, Double-Blinded, Placebo-Controlled, Crossover Trial. Nutrients 2023; 15:3324. [PMID: 37571262 PMCID: PMC10421245 DOI: 10.3390/nu15153324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2023] [Revised: 07/23/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the acute effects of natural antioxidants, derived from yeast fermentation containing glutathione and dietary vitamin C supplementation, on metabolic function, skeletal muscle oxygenation, cardiac function, and antioxidant function during submaximal exercise in middle-aged triathlon athletes. Twelve participants (aged 49.42 ± 5.9 years) completed 90 min submaximal cycling trials corresponding to 70% maximal oxygen uptake with either vitamin C and glutathione (VitC+Glu), vitamin C (VitC), glutathione (Glu) supplementation, or placebo. Metabolic function (minute ventilation, oxygen uptake, carbon dioxide output [VCO2], respiratory exchange ratio [RER], oxygen pulse [O2pulse], carbohydrate oxidation, fat oxidation, and energy expenditure), skeletal muscle oxygenation (oxidized hemoglobin and myoglobin in skeletal muscle tissue, total hemoglobin and myoglobin in skeletal muscle tissue [tHb]), cardiac function (heart rate [HR], stroke volume [SV], cardiac output, end-diastolic volume, end-systolic volume, and ejection fraction), and antioxidant function parameters (blood lactate, superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidases, glutathione [GSH], diacron reactive oxygen metabolite [dROM], and biological antioxidant potential [BAP]) were measured during submaximal exercise and recovery. VCO2, RER, HR, blood lactate after exercise, and dROM were significantly lower, and O2pulse, tHb, and BAP were significantly higher for VitC+Glu than for the other trials (p < 0.05). In conclusion, combined vitamin C and glutathione supplementation was more effective in improving metabolic function, skeletal oxygenation, cardiac function, and antioxidant function during prolonged submaximal exercise in middle-aged triathletes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eunjoo Lee
- Department of Sports Medicine and Science, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (E.L.); (H.-Y.P.); (S.-W.K.); (Y.S.); (J.-H.C.); (J.S.); (J.K.)
| | - Hun-Young Park
- Department of Sports Medicine and Science, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (E.L.); (H.-Y.P.); (S.-W.K.); (Y.S.); (J.-H.C.); (J.S.); (J.K.)
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Woo Kim
- Department of Sports Medicine and Science, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (E.L.); (H.-Y.P.); (S.-W.K.); (Y.S.); (J.-H.C.); (J.S.); (J.K.)
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Yerin Sun
- Department of Sports Medicine and Science, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (E.L.); (H.-Y.P.); (S.-W.K.); (Y.S.); (J.-H.C.); (J.S.); (J.K.)
| | - Jae-Ho Choi
- Department of Sports Medicine and Science, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (E.L.); (H.-Y.P.); (S.-W.K.); (Y.S.); (J.-H.C.); (J.S.); (J.K.)
| | - Jisoo Seo
- Department of Sports Medicine and Science, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (E.L.); (H.-Y.P.); (S.-W.K.); (Y.S.); (J.-H.C.); (J.S.); (J.K.)
| | - Yanghoon Peter Jung
- CJ CheilJedang Food & Nutrition Tech, Jung-gu, Seoul 04527, Republic of Korea; (Y.P.J.); (A.-J.K.)
| | - Ah-Jin Kim
- CJ CheilJedang Food & Nutrition Tech, Jung-gu, Seoul 04527, Republic of Korea; (Y.P.J.); (A.-J.K.)
| | - Jisu Kim
- Department of Sports Medicine and Science, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (E.L.); (H.-Y.P.); (S.-W.K.); (Y.S.); (J.-H.C.); (J.S.); (J.K.)
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
| | - Kiwon Lim
- Department of Sports Medicine and Science, Graduate School, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea; (E.L.); (H.-Y.P.); (S.-W.K.); (Y.S.); (J.-H.C.); (J.S.); (J.K.)
- Physical Activity and Performance Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
- Department of Physical Education, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, Republic of Korea
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10
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Rodella U, Honisch C, Gatto C, Ruzza P, D'Amato Tóthová J. Antioxidant Nutraceutical Strategies in the Prevention of Oxidative Stress Related Eye Diseases. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15102283. [PMID: 37242167 DOI: 10.3390/nu15102283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/09/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This review aims to discuss the delicate balance between the physiological production of reactive oxygen species and the role of antioxidant nutraceutical molecules in managing radicals in the complex anatomical structure of the eye. Many molecules and enzymes with reducing and antioxidant potential are present in different parts of the eye. Some of these, such as glutathione, N-acetylcysteine, α-lipoic acid, coenzyme Q10, and enzymatic antioxidants, are endogenously produced by the body. Others, such as plant-derived polyphenols and carotenoids, vitamins B2, C, and E, zinc and selenium, and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids, must be obtained through the diet and are considered essential nutrients. When the equilibrium between the production of reactive oxygen species and their scavenging is disrupted, radical generation overwhelms the endogenous antioxidant arsenal, leading to oxidative stress-related eye disorders and aging. Therefore, the roles of antioxidants contained in dietary supplements in preventing oxidative stress-based ocular dysfunctions are also discussed. However, the results of studies investigating the efficacy of antioxidant supplementation have been mixed or inconclusive, indicating a need for future research to highlight the potential of antioxidant molecules and to develop new preventive nutritional strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Umberto Rodella
- Fondazione Banca degli Occhi del Veneto Onlus (FBOV), 30174 Zelarino, Italy
- Research and Development, AL.CHI.MI.A. S.R.L., Viale Austria 14, 35020 Ponte San Nicoló, Italy
| | - Claudia Honisch
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry of CNR (ICB-CNR), Via F. Marzolo, 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Claudio Gatto
- Research and Development, AL.CHI.MI.A. S.R.L., Viale Austria 14, 35020 Ponte San Nicoló, Italy
| | - Paolo Ruzza
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry of CNR (ICB-CNR), Via F. Marzolo, 1, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Jana D'Amato Tóthová
- Research and Development, AL.CHI.MI.A. S.R.L., Viale Austria 14, 35020 Ponte San Nicoló, Italy
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11
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Zhang B, Lewis JA, Vermerris W, Sattler SE, Kang C. A sorghum ascorbate peroxidase with four binding sites has activity against ascorbate and phenylpropanoids. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 192:102-118. [PMID: 36575825 PMCID: PMC10152656 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2022] [Revised: 12/08/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
In planta, H2O2 is produced as a by-product of enzymatic reactions and during defense responses. Ascorbate peroxidase (APX) is a key enzyme involved in scavenging cytotoxic H2O2. Here, we report the crystal structure of cytosolic APX from sorghum (Sorghum bicolor) (Sobic.001G410200). While the overall structure of SbAPX was similar to that of other APXs, SbAPX uniquely displayed four bound ascorbates rather than one. In addition to the ɣ-heme pocket identified in other APXs, ascorbates were bound at the δ-meso and two solvent-exposed pockets. Consistent with the presence of multiple binding sites, our results indicated that the H2O2-dependent oxidation of ascorbate displayed positive cooperativity. Bound ascorbate at two surface sites established an intricate proton network with ascorbate at the ɣ-heme edge and δ-meso sites. Based on crystal structures, steady-state kinetics, and site-directed mutagenesis results, both ascorbate molecules at the ɣ-heme edge and the one at the surface are expected to participate in the oxidation reaction. We provide evidence that the H2O2-dependent oxidation of ascorbate by APX produces a C2-hydrated bicyclic hemiketal form of dehydroascorbic acid at the ɣ-heme edge, indicating two successive electron transfers from a single-bound ascorbate. In addition, the δ-meso site was shared with several organic compounds, including p-coumaric acid and other phenylpropanoids, for the potential radicalization reaction. Site-directed mutagenesis of the critical residue at the ɣ-heme edge (R172A) only partially reduced polymerization activity. Thus, APX removes stress-generated H2O2 with ascorbates, and also uses this same H2O2 to potentially fortify cell walls via oxidative polymerization of phenylpropanoids in response to stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bixia Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
| | - Jacob A Lewis
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
| | - Wilfred Vermerris
- Department of Microbiology & Cell Science, UF Genetics Institute, and Florida Center for Renewable Chemicals and Fuels, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32610, USA
| | - Scott E Sattler
- U.S. Department of Agriculture—Agricultural Research Service, Wheat, Sorghum and Forage Research Unit, Lincoln, Nebraska 68583, USA
| | - ChulHee Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, Washington 99164, USA
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12
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Hamada A, Tanaka Y, Ishikawa T, Maruta T. Chloroplast dehydroascorbate reductase and glutathione cooperatively determine the capacity for ascorbate accumulation under photooxidative stress conditions. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 114:68-82. [PMID: 36694959 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Ascorbate is an indispensable redox buffer essential for plant growth and stress acclimation. Its oxidized form, dehydroascorbate (DHA), undergoes rapid degradation unless it is recycled back into ascorbate by glutathione (GSH)-dependent enzymatic or non-enzymatic reactions, with the enzymatic reactions catalyzed by dehydroascorbate reductases (DHARs). Our recent study utilizing an Arabidopsis quadruple mutant (∆dhar pad2), which lacks all three DHARs (∆dhar) and is deficient in GSH (pad2), has posited that these GSH-dependent reactions operate in a complementary manner, enabling a high accumulation of ascorbate under high-light stress. However, as Arabidopsis DHAR functions in the cytosol or chloroplasts, it remained unclear which isoform played a more significant role in cooperation with GSH-dependent non-enzymatic reactions. To further comprehend the intricate network of ascorbate recycling systems in plants, we generated mutant lines lacking cytosolic DHAR1/2 or chloroplastic DHAR3, or both, in another GSH-deficient background (cad2). A comprehensive comparison of ascorbate profiles in these mutants under conditions of photooxidative stress induced by various light intensities or methyl viologen unequivocally demonstrated that chloroplastic DHAR3, but not cytosolic isoforms, works in concert with GSH to accumulate ascorbate. Our findings further illustrate that imbalances between stress intensity and recycling capacity significantly impact ascorbate pool size and tolerance to photooxidative stress. Additionally, it was found that the absence of DHARs and GSH deficiency do not impede ascorbate biosynthesis, at least in terms of transcription or activity of biosynthetic enzymes. This study provides insights into the robustness of ascorbate recycling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akane Hamada
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue, Shimane, 690-8504, Japan
| | - Yasuhiro Tanaka
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue, Shimane, 690-8504, Japan
- Bioresource and Life Sciences, The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori, 680-8553, Japan
| | - Takahiro Ishikawa
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue, Shimane, 690-8504, Japan
- Bioresource and Life Sciences, The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori, 680-8553, Japan
- Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Academic Assembly, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue, Shimane, 690-8504, Japan
| | - Takanori Maruta
- Graduate School of Natural Science and Technology, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue, Shimane, 690-8504, Japan
- Bioresource and Life Sciences, The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori, 680-8553, Japan
- Institute of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Academic Assembly, Shimane University, 1060 Nishikawatsu, Matsue, Shimane, 690-8504, Japan
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13
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Amzali S, Wilson VD, Bommart S, Picot MC, Galas S, Mercier J, Poucheret P, Cristol JP, Arbogast S, Laoudj-Chenivesse D. Nutritional Status of Patients with Facioscapulohumeral Muscular Dystrophy. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15071673. [PMID: 37049513 PMCID: PMC10096775 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071673] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
In patients with facioscapulohumeral muscular dystrophy (FSHD), a rare genetic neuromuscular disease, reduced physical performance is associated with lower blood levels of vitamin C, zinc, selenium, and increased oxidative stress markers. Supplementation of vitamin C, vitamin E, zinc, and selenium improves the quadriceps' physical performance. Here, we compared the nutritional status of 74 women and 85 men with FSHD. Calorie intake was lower in women with FSHD than in men. Moreover, we assessed vitamin C, vitamin E, zinc, copper, and selenium intakes in diet and their concentrations in the plasma. Vitamin E, copper, and zinc intake were lower in women with FSHD than in men, whereas plasma vitamin C, copper levels, and copper/zinc ratio were higher in women with FSHD than in men. The dietary intake and plasma concentrations of the studied vitamins and minerals were not correlated in both sexes. A well-balanced and varied diet might not be enough in patients with FSHD to correct the observed vitamin/mineral deficiencies. A low energy intake is a risk factor for suboptimal intake of proteins, vitamins, and minerals that are important for protein synthesis and other metabolic pathways and that might contribute to progressive muscle mass loss. Antioxidant supplementation and higher protein intake seem necessary to confer protection against oxidative stress and skeletal muscle mass loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sedda Amzali
- PhyMedExp, Université de Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, CHU de Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Vinicius Dias Wilson
- Departamento de Educação Física, Centro Universitário Estácio de Belo Horizonte, Belo Horizonte 30411-052, Minas Gerais, Brazil
- Pró-Reitoria de Assuntos Comunitários e Estudantis, Universidade Federal dos Vales do Jequitinhonha e Mucuri, Diamantina 39100-000, Minas Gerais, Brazil
| | - Sébastien Bommart
- PhyMedExp, Université de Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, CHU de Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France
- Service de Radiologie, Hôpital Arnaud-de-Villeneuve, CHU de Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Marie-Christine Picot
- Clinical Research and Epidemiology Unit (Department of Medicale Information), Centre d'Investigation Clinique 1411 INSERM, CHU Montpellier, Univ Montpellier, CEDEX 5, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Simon Galas
- Institut des Biomolecules Max Mousseron (IBMM), Centre National de Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Montpellier, ENSCM, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Jacques Mercier
- PhyMedExp, Université de Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, CHU de Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France
- Department of Clinical Physiology, CHU of Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Patrick Poucheret
- Qualisud, Université de Montpellier, CIRAD, Institut Agro, IRD, Avignon Université, Université de La Réunion, 34000 Montpellier, France
| | - Jean-Paul Cristol
- PhyMedExp, Université de Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, CHU de Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France
- Department of Biochemistry, University Hospital of Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Sandrine Arbogast
- PhyMedExp, Université de Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, CHU de Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France
| | - Dalila Laoudj-Chenivesse
- PhyMedExp, Université de Montpellier, INSERM, CNRS, CHU de Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France
- Department of Clinical Physiology, CHU of Montpellier, 34295 Montpellier, France
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14
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Chen Y, Holland KD, Shertzer HG, Nebert DW, Dalton TP. Fatal Epileptic Seizures in Mice Having Compromised Glutathione and Ascorbic Acid Biosynthesis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020448. [PMID: 36830006 PMCID: PMC9952205 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2023] [Revised: 01/31/2023] [Accepted: 02/05/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Reduced glutathione (GSH) and ascorbic acid (AA) are the two most abundant low-molecular-weight antioxidants in mammalian tissues. GclmKO knockout mice lack the gene encoding the modifier subunit of the rate-limiting enzyme in GSH biosynthesis; GclmKO mice exhibit 10-40% of normal tissue GSH levels and show no overt phenotype. GuloKO knockout mice, lacking a functional Gulo gene encoding L-gulono-γ-lactone oxidase, cannot synthesize AA and depend on dietary ascorbic acid for survival. To elucidate functional crosstalk between GSH and AA in vivo, we generated the GclmKO/GuloKO double-knockout (DKO) mouse. DKO mice exhibited spontaneous epileptic seizures, proceeding to death between postnatal day (PND)14 and PND23. Histologically, DKO mice displayed neuronal loss and glial proliferation in the neocortex and hippocampus. Epileptic seizures and brain pathology in young DKO mice could be prevented with AA supplementation in drinking water (1 g/L). Remarkably, in AA-rescued adult DKO mice, the removal of AA supplementation for 2-3 weeks resulted in similar, but more severe, neocortex and hippocampal pathology and seizures, with death occurring between 12 and 21 days later. These results provide direct evidence for an indispensable, yet underappreciated, role for the interplay between GSH and AA in normal brain function and neuronal health. We speculate that the functional crosstalk between GSH and AA plays an important role in regulating glutamatergic neurotransmission and in protecting against excitotoxicity-induced brain damage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Yale School of Public Health, Yale University, New Haven, CT 06520, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-203-785-4694; Fax: +1-203-724-6023
| | - Katherine D. Holland
- Division of Neurology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Howard G. Shertzer
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
| | - Daniel W. Nebert
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
- Departments of Pediatrics and Molecular & Developmental Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Research Center, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - Timothy P. Dalton
- Department of Environmental and Public Health Sciences, Center for Environmental Genetics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA
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15
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Zhang B, Lewis JA, Kovacs F, Sattler SE, Sarath G, Kang C. Activity of Cytosolic Ascorbate Peroxidase (APX) from Panicum virgatum against Ascorbate and Phenylpropanoids. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:1778. [PMID: 36675291 PMCID: PMC9864165 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
APX is a key antioxidant enzyme in higher plants, scavenging H2O2 with ascorbate in several cellular compartments. Here, we report the crystal structures of cytosolic ascorbate peroxidase from switchgrass (Panicum virgatum L., Pvi), a strategic feedstock plant with several end uses. The overall structure of PviAPX was similar to the structures of other APX family members, with a bound ascorbate molecule at the ɣ-heme edge pocket as in other APXs. Our results indicated that the H2O2-dependent oxidation of ascorbate displayed positive cooperativity. Significantly, our study suggested that PviAPX can oxidize a broad range of phenylpropanoids with δ-meso site in a rather similar efficiency, which reflects its role in the fortification of cell walls in response to insect feeding. Based on detailed structural and kinetic analyses and molecular docking, as well as that of closely related APX enzymes, the critical residues in each substrate-binding site of PviAPX are proposed. Taken together, these observations shed new light on the function and catalysis of PviAPX, and potentially benefit efforts improve plant health and biomass quality in bioenergy and forage crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bixia Zhang
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Jacob A. Lewis
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
| | - Frank Kovacs
- Chemistry Department, University of Nebraska-Kearney, Kearney, NE 68849, USA
| | - Scott E. Sattler
- Wheat, Sorghum and Forage Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture—Agricultural Research Service, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - Gautam Sarath
- Wheat, Sorghum and Forage Research Unit, U.S. Department of Agriculture—Agricultural Research Service, Lincoln, NE 68583, USA
| | - ChulHee Kang
- Department of Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA 99164, USA
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16
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Villa-Jaimes GS, Moshage H, Avelar-González FJ, González-Ponce HA, Buist-Homan M, Guevara-Lara F, Sánchez-Alemán E, Martínez-Hernández SL, Ventura-Juárez J, Muñoz-Ortega MH, Martínez-Saldaña MC. Molecular and Antioxidant Characterization of Opuntia robusta Fruit Extract and Its Protective Effect against Diclofenac-Induced Acute Liver Injury in an In Vivo Rat Model. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12010113. [PMID: 36670975 PMCID: PMC9855095 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12010113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
A molecular characterization of the main phytochemicals and antioxidant activity of Opuntia robusta (OR) fruit extract was carried out, as well as an evaluation of its hepatoprotective effect against diclofenac (DF)-induced acute liver injury was evaluated. Phenols, flavonoids and betalains were quantified, and antioxidant characterization was performed by means of the ABTS•+, DPPH and FRAP assays. UPLC-QTOF-MS/MS was used to identify the main biocompounds present in OR fruit extract was carried out via. In the in vivo model, groups of rats were treated prophylactically with the OR fruit extract, betanin and N-acteylcysteine followed by a single dose of DF. Biochemical markers of oxidative stress (MDA and GSH) and relative gene expression of the inducible antioxidant response (Nrf2, Sod2, Hmox1, Nqo1 and Gclc), cell death (Casp3) and DNA repair (Gadd45a) were analyzed. Western blot analysis was performed to measure protein levels of Nrf2 and immunohistochemical analysis was used to assess caspase-3 activity in the experimental groups. In our study, the OR fruit extract showed strong antioxidant and cytoprotective capacity due to the presence of bioactive compounds, such as betalain and phenols. We conclude that OR fruit extract or selected components can be used clinically to support patients with acute liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gloria Stephanie Villa-Jaimes
- Department de Morfología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes 20100, Mexico
| | - Han Moshage
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center of Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 ZP Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 ZP Groningen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Manon Buist-Homan
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, University Medical Center of Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 ZP Groningen, The Netherlands
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9713 ZP Groningen, The Netherlands
| | - Fidel Guevara-Lara
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes 20100, Mexico
| | - Esperanza Sánchez-Alemán
- Department de Morfología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes 20100, Mexico
- Unidad de Medicina Familiar 8, Instituto Mexicano del Seguro Social (IMSS), Aguascalientes 20180, Mexico
| | - Sandra Luz Martínez-Hernández
- Departamento de Microbiología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes 20100, Mexico
| | - Javier Ventura-Juárez
- Department de Morfología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes 20100, Mexico
| | - Martín Humberto Muñoz-Ortega
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes 20100, Mexico
| | - Ma. Consolación Martínez-Saldaña
- Department de Morfología, Centro de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Autónoma de Aguascalientes, Aguascalientes 20100, Mexico
- Correspondence:
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17
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Uzal-Varela R, Patinec V, Tripier R, Valencia L, Maneiro M, Canle M, Platas-Iglesias C, Esteban-Gómez D, Iglesias E. On the dissociation pathways of copper complexes relevant as PET imaging agents. J Inorg Biochem 2022; 236:111951. [PMID: 35963110 DOI: 10.1016/j.jinorgbio.2022.111951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Several bifunctional chelators have been synthesized in the last years for the development of new 64Cu-based PET agents for in vivo imaging. When designing a metal-based PET probe, it is important to achieve high stability and kinetic inertness once the radioisotope is coordinated. Different competitive assays are commonly used to evaluate the possible dissociation mechanisms that may induce Cu(II) release in the body. Among them, acid-assisted dissociation tests or transchelation challenges employing EDTA or SOD are frequently used to evaluate both solution thermodynamics and the kinetic behavior of potential metal-based systems. Despite of this, the Cu(II)/Cu(I) bioreduction pathway that could be promoted by the presence of bioreductants still remains little explored. To fill this gap we present here a detailed spectroscopic study of the kinetic behavior of different macrocyclic Cu(II) complexes. The complexes investigated include the cross-bridge cyclam derivative [Cu(CB-TE1A)]+, whose structure was determined using single-crystal X-ray diffraction. The acid-assisted dissociation mechanism was investigated using HClO4 and HCl to analyse the effect of the counterion on the rate constants. The complexes were selected so that the effects of complex charge and coordination polyhedron could be assessed. Cyclic voltammetry experiments were conducted to investigate whether the reduction to Cu(I) falls within the window of common bioreducing agents. The most striking behavior concerns the [Cu(NO2Th)]2+ complex, a 1,4,7-triazacyclononane derivative containing two methylthiazolyl pendant arms. This complex is extremely inert with respect to dissociation following the acid-catalyzed mechanism, but dissociates rather quickly in the presence of a bioreductant like ascorbic acid.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío Uzal-Varela
- Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA) and Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Galicia, Spain
| | - Véronique Patinec
- Univ Brest, UMR-CNRS 6521 CEMCA, 6 avenue Victor le Gorgeu, 29238 Brest, France
| | - Raphaël Tripier
- Univ Brest, UMR-CNRS 6521 CEMCA, 6 avenue Victor le Gorgeu, 29238 Brest, France
| | - Laura Valencia
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidade de Vigo, Facultad de Ciencias, 36310 Pontevedra, Spain
| | - Marcelino Maneiro
- Departamento de Química Inorgánica, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Facultade de Ciencias, 27002 Lugo, Spain
| | - Moisés Canle
- Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA) and Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Galicia, Spain
| | - Carlos Platas-Iglesias
- Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA) and Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Galicia, Spain
| | - David Esteban-Gómez
- Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA) and Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Galicia, Spain.
| | - Emilia Iglesias
- Centro de Investigacións Científicas Avanzadas (CICA) and Departamento de Química, Facultade de Ciencias, Universidade da Coruña, 15071 A Coruña, Galicia, Spain.
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18
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Advances in Novel Animal Vitamin C Biosynthesis Pathways and the Role of Prokaryote-Based Inferences to Understand Their Origin. Genes (Basel) 2022; 13:genes13101917. [PMID: 36292802 PMCID: PMC9602106 DOI: 10.3390/genes13101917] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Vitamin C (VC) is an essential nutrient required for the optimal function and development of many organisms. VC has been studied for many decades, and still today, the characterization of its functions is a dynamic scientific field, mainly because of its commercial and therapeutic applications. In this review, we discuss, in a comparative way, the increasing evidence for alternative VC synthesis pathways in insects and nematodes, and the potential of myo-inositol as a possible substrate for this metabolic process in metazoans. Methodological approaches that may be useful for the future characterization of the VC synthesis pathways of Caenorhabditis elegans and Drosophila melanogaster are here discussed. We also summarize the current distribution of the eukaryote aldonolactone oxidoreductases gene lineages, while highlighting the added value of studies on prokaryote species that are likely able to synthesize VC for both the characterization of novel VC synthesis pathways and inferences on the complex evolutionary history of such pathways. Such work may help improve the industrial production of VC.
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19
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Koo S, Lee M, Sharma A, Li M, Zhang X, Pu K, Chi S, Kim JS. Harnessing GLUT1‐Targeted Pro‐oxidant Ascorbate for Synergistic Phototherapeutics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202110832. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202110832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Seyoung Koo
- Department of Chemistry Korea University Seoul 02841 Korea
| | - Min‐Goo Lee
- Department of Life Science Korea University Seoul 02841 Korea
| | - Amit Sharma
- Central Scientific Instruments Organisation (CSIR) Sector-30C Chandigarh 160030 India
| | - Mingle Li
- Department of Chemistry Korea University Seoul 02841 Korea
| | - Xingcai Zhang
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Harvard University Cambridge MA 02138 USA
- School of Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Kanyi Pu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering Nanyang Technological University 70 Nanyang Drive 637457 Singapore Singapore
| | - Sung‐Gil Chi
- Department of Life Science Korea University Seoul 02841 Korea
| | - Jong Seung Kim
- Department of Chemistry Korea University Seoul 02841 Korea
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20
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Wang Y, Yao J, Cao Z, Fu P, Deng C, Yan S, Shi S, Zheng J. Peroxidase‐Mimetic Copper‐Doped Carbon‐Dots for Oxidative Stress‐Mediated Broad‐Spectrum and Efficient Antibacterial Activity. Chemistry 2022; 28:e202104174. [DOI: 10.1002/chem.202104174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuhui Wang
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering (NIMTE) Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Ningbo 315201 P. R. China
| | - Jiechen Yao
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering (NIMTE) Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Ningbo 315201 P. R. China
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
| | - Zhanglei Cao
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering (NIMTE) Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Ningbo 315201 P. R. China
| | - Pan Fu
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering (NIMTE) Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Ningbo 315201 P. R. China
| | - Chen Deng
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering (NIMTE) Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Ningbo 315201 P. R. China
| | - Shifeng Yan
- School of Materials Science and Engineering Shanghai University Shanghai 200444 P. R. China
| | - Shuai Shi
- School of Ophthalmology & Optometry Wenzhou Medical University Wenzhou 325035 P. R. China
| | - Jianping Zheng
- Cixi Institute of Biomedical Engineering Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering (NIMTE) Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS) Ningbo 315201 P. R. China
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21
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Koo S, Lee M, Sharma A, Li M, Zhang X, Pu K, Chi S, Kim JS. Harnessing GLUT1‐Targeted Pro‐oxidant Ascorbate for Synergistic Phototherapeutics. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202110832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Seyoung Koo
- Department of Chemistry Korea University Seoul 02841 Korea
| | - Min‐Goo Lee
- Department of Life Science Korea University Seoul 02841 Korea
| | - Amit Sharma
- Central Scientific Instruments Organisation (CSIR) Sector-30C Chandigarh 160030 India
| | - Mingle Li
- Department of Chemistry Korea University Seoul 02841 Korea
| | - Xingcai Zhang
- John A. Paulson School of Engineering and Applied Sciences Harvard University Cambridge MA 02138 USA
- School of Engineering Massachusetts Institute of Technology Cambridge MA 02139 USA
| | - Kanyi Pu
- School of Chemical and Biomedical Engineering Nanyang Technological University 70 Nanyang Drive 637457 Singapore Singapore
| | - Sung‐Gil Chi
- Department of Life Science Korea University Seoul 02841 Korea
| | - Jong Seung Kim
- Department of Chemistry Korea University Seoul 02841 Korea
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22
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Coker SJ, Smith-Díaz CC, Dyson RM, Vissers MCM, Berry MJ. The Epigenetic Role of Vitamin C in Neurodevelopment. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031208. [PMID: 35163133 PMCID: PMC8836017 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Revised: 01/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The maternal diet during pregnancy is a key determinant of offspring health. Early studies have linked poor maternal nutrition during gestation with a propensity for the development of chronic conditions in offspring. These conditions include cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes and even compromised mental health. While multiple factors may contribute to these outcomes, disturbed epigenetic programming during early development is one potential biological mechanism. The epigenome is programmed primarily in utero, and during this time, the developing fetus is highly susceptible to environmental factors such as nutritional insults. During neurodevelopment, epigenetic programming coordinates the formation of primitive central nervous system structures, neurogenesis, and neuroplasticity. Dysregulated epigenetic programming has been implicated in the aetiology of several neurodevelopmental disorders such as Tatton-Brown-Rahman syndrome. Accordingly, there is great interest in determining how maternal nutrient availability in pregnancy might affect the epigenetic status of offspring, and how such influences may present phenotypically. In recent years, a number of epigenetic enzymes that are active during embryonic development have been found to require vitamin C as a cofactor. These enzymes include the ten-eleven translocation methylcytosine dioxygenases (TETs) and the Jumonji C domain-containing histone lysine demethylases that catalyse the oxidative removal of methyl groups on cytosines and histone lysine residues, respectively. These enzymes are integral to epigenetic regulation and have fundamental roles in cellular differentiation, the maintenance of pluripotency and development. The dependence of these enzymes on vitamin C for optimal catalytic activity illustrates a potentially critical contribution of the nutrient during mammalian development. These insights also highlight a potential risk associated with vitamin C insufficiency during pregnancy. The link between vitamin C insufficiency and development is particularly apparent in the context of neurodevelopment and high vitamin C concentrations in the brain are indicative of important functional requirements in this organ. Accordingly, this review considers the evidence for the potential impact of maternal vitamin C status on neurodevelopmental epigenetics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sharna J. Coker
- Perinatal & Developmental Physiology Group, Department of Paediatrics & Child Health, University of Otago, Wellington 6242, New Zealand; (S.J.C.); (R.M.D.)
| | - Carlos C. Smith-Díaz
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand;
| | - Rebecca M. Dyson
- Perinatal & Developmental Physiology Group, Department of Paediatrics & Child Health, University of Otago, Wellington 6242, New Zealand; (S.J.C.); (R.M.D.)
| | - Margreet C. M. Vissers
- Centre for Free Radical Research, Department of Pathology and Biomedical Science, University of Otago, Christchurch 8140, New Zealand;
- Correspondence: (M.C.M.V.); (M.J.B.)
| | - Mary J. Berry
- Perinatal & Developmental Physiology Group, Department of Paediatrics & Child Health, University of Otago, Wellington 6242, New Zealand; (S.J.C.); (R.M.D.)
- Correspondence: (M.C.M.V.); (M.J.B.)
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23
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Masaryk L, Orvoš J, Słoczyńska K, Herchel R, Moncol J, Milde D, Halaš P, Křikavová R, Koczurkiewicz-Adamczyk P, Pękala E, Fischer R, Šalitroš I, Nemec I, Štarha P. Anticancer half-sandwich Ir( iii) complex and its interaction with various biomolecules and their mixtures – a case study with ascorbic acid. Inorg Chem Front 2022. [DOI: 10.1039/d2qi00535b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
An anticancer azo bond-containing half-sandwich Ir(iii) complex oxidizes ascorbate to dehydroascorbate, and ascorbate recovers in the presence of reduced glutathione.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lukáš Masaryk
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University Olomouc, 17. listopadu 12, 77146 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Jakub Orvoš
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Bratislava SK-81237, Slovakia
| | - Karolina Słoczyńska
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Radovan Herchel
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University Olomouc, 17. listopadu 12, 77146 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Ján Moncol
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Bratislava SK-81237, Slovakia
| | - David Milde
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacký University Olomouc, 17. listopadu 12, 771 46 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Halaš
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University Olomouc, 17. listopadu 12, 77146 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Radka Křikavová
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University Olomouc, 17. listopadu 12, 77146 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Paulina Koczurkiewicz-Adamczyk
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Pękala
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Jagiellonian University Medical College, Medyczna 9, 30-688 Kraków, Poland
| | - Róbert Fischer
- Department of Organic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Bratislava SK-81237, Slovakia
| | - Ivan Šalitroš
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University Olomouc, 17. listopadu 12, 77146 Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Chemical and Food Technology, Slovak University of Technology in Bratislava, Bratislava SK-81237, Slovakia
| | - Ivan Nemec
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University Olomouc, 17. listopadu 12, 77146 Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Pavel Štarha
- Department of Inorganic Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Palacky University Olomouc, 17. listopadu 12, 77146 Olomouc, Czech Republic
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24
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Ufnalska I, Drew SC, Zhukov I, Szutkowski K, Wawrzyniak UE, Wróblewski W, Frączyk T, Bal W. Intermediate Cu(II)-Thiolate Species in the Reduction of Cu(II)GHK by Glutathione: A Handy Chelate for Biological Cu(II) Reduction. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:18048-18057. [PMID: 34781677 PMCID: PMC8653159 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.1c02669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
![]()
Gly-His-Lys (GHK)
is a tripeptide present in the human bloodstream
that exhibits a number of biological functions. Its activity is attributed
to the copper-complexed form, Cu(II)GHK. Little is known, however,
about the molecular aspects of the mechanism of its action. Here,
we examined the reaction of Cu(II)GHK with reduced glutathione (GSH),
which is the strongest reductant naturally occurring in human plasma.
Spectroscopic techniques (UV–vis, CD, EPR, and NMR) and cyclic
voltammetry helped unravel the reaction mechanism. The impact of temperature,
GSH concentration, oxygen access, and the presence of ternary ligands
on the reaction were explored. The transient GSH-Cu(II)GHK complex
was found to be an important reaction intermediate. The kinetic and
redox properties of this complex, including tuning of the reduction
rate by ternary ligands, suggest that it may provide a missing link
in copper trafficking as a precursor of Cu(I) ions, for example, for
their acquisition by the CTR1 cellular copper transporter. Gly-His-Lys (GHK) is a human bioactive
tripeptide thought
to be activated by Cu(II) binding, but little is known about the molecular
aspects of its action. UV−vis, circular dichroism (CD), EPR,
and NMR spectroscopies, and cyclic voltammetry were used to examine
the reduction of Cu(II)GHK with glutathione (GSH), the most abundant
biological thiol. A semistable GSH-Cu(II)GHK reaction intermediate
was discovered, with properties suitable for delivering Cu(I) to biological
transport proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwona Ufnalska
- Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, Warsaw 00-664, Poland
| | - Simon C Drew
- Department of Medicine (Royal Melbourne Hospital), The University of Melbourne, Victoria 3010, Australia
| | - Igor Zhukov
- Polish Academy of Sciences Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Pawińskiego 5a, Warsaw 02-106, Poland
| | - Kosma Szutkowski
- NanoBioMedical Centre, Adam Mickiewicz University, Wszechnicy Piastowskiej 3, Poznań 61-614, Poland
| | - Urszula E Wawrzyniak
- Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, Warsaw 00-664, Poland
| | - Wojciech Wróblewski
- Chair of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Chemistry, Warsaw University of Technology, Noakowskiego 3, Warsaw 00-664, Poland
| | - Tomasz Frączyk
- Polish Academy of Sciences Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Pawińskiego 5a, Warsaw 02-106, Poland
| | - Wojciech Bal
- Polish Academy of Sciences Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Pawińskiego 5a, Warsaw 02-106, Poland
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25
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Li L, Cao L, Xiang X, Wu X, Ma L, Chen F, Cao S, Cheng C, Deng D, Qiu L. ROS‐Catalytic Transition‐Metal‐Based Enzymatic Nanoagents for Tumor and Bacterial Eradication. ADVANCED FUNCTIONAL MATERIALS 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/adfm.202107530] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Ling Li
- Department of Ultrasound National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics West China Hospital College of Polymer Science and Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
- Department of Ultrasound Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College Nanchong 637000 China
| | - Lijian Cao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering School of Engineering China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 211198 P. R. China
| | - Xi Xiang
- Department of Ultrasound National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics West China Hospital College of Polymer Science and Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Xizheng Wu
- Department of Ultrasound National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics West China Hospital College of Polymer Science and Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Lang Ma
- Department of Ultrasound National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics West China Hospital College of Polymer Science and Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Freie Universität Berlin Takustrasse 3 14195 Berlin Germany
| | - Fan Chen
- Department of Ultrasound National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics West China Hospital College of Polymer Science and Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Sujiao Cao
- Department of Ultrasound National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics West China Hospital College of Polymer Science and Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
| | - Chong Cheng
- Department of Ultrasound National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics West China Hospital College of Polymer Science and Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Freie Universität Berlin Takustrasse 3 14195 Berlin Germany
- State Key Laboratory of Polymer Materials Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu 610065 China
| | - Dawei Deng
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering School of Engineering China Pharmaceutical University Nanjing 211198 P. R. China
| | - Li Qiu
- Department of Ultrasound National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics West China Hospital College of Polymer Science and Engineering Sichuan University Chengdu 610041 China
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26
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Lai Y, Li M, Liao X, Zou L. Smartphone-Assisted Colorimetric Detection of Glutathione and Glutathione Reductase Activity in Human Serum and Mouse Liver Using Hemin/G-Quadruplex DNAzyme. Molecules 2021; 26:5016. [PMID: 34443603 PMCID: PMC8398021 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26165016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2021] [Revised: 08/12/2021] [Accepted: 08/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Abnormal levels of reduced glutathione (GSH) and glutathione reductase (GR) are usually related to a variety of diseases, so it is of great significance to determine the GSH concentration and GR activity. We herein develop a smartphone-assisted colorimetric biosensor for the detection of GSH and GR activity in human serum and mouse liver using hemin/G-quadruplex DNAzyme. Firstly, an obvious color change from colorless to green can be observed, owing to the high peroxidase-like activity of hemin/G-quadruplex DNAzyme toward 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiozoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS). With the addition of GSH or GR, the H2O2-mediated oxidation of ABTS catalyzed by hemin/G-quadruplex DNAzyme is significantly inhibited, resulting in remarkable color fading. Therefore, the detection of GSH and GR activity can be achieved by observing the color transition or measuring the absorbance at 420 nm. The detection limit was estimated to be as low as 0.1 μM and 10 μU/mL for GSH and GR, respectively. More interestingly, the RGB values of the sensing system can be identified by the smartphone application (APP, color collect), which makes it an ideal format for on-site determination and point-of-care testing (POCT). In addition, the proposed method shows excellent selectivity and acceptable applicability for the determination of GSH concentration and GR activity in human serum samples and mouse liver tissues, which might hold great application potential in clinical diagnosis and drug screening.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Li Zou
- School of Pharmacy, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Guangzhou 510006, China; (Y.L.); (M.L.); (X.L.)
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27
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Aponso M, Patti A, Hearn MTW, Bennett LE. Anxiolytic effects of essential oils may involve anti-oxidant regulation of the pro-oxidant effects of ascorbate in the brain. Neurochem Int 2021; 150:105153. [PMID: 34384852 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuint.2021.105153] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 08/02/2021] [Accepted: 08/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Essential oils (EOs) absorbed via inhalation are consistently reported to produce anxiolytic effects. The underlying neurochemical mechanisms, however, are not well understood. High concentrations of ascorbate in the human brain (~10 mM in neurons) implicates this compound as a key signaling molecule and regulator of oxidative stress. In this study, we demonstrate the significant in vitro capacity of ascorbate to produce H2O2 in the presence of oxygen at physiological pH values, peaking at ~400 μM for ascorbate levels of 1.0 mg/mL (5.6 mM). In comparison, individual EOs and selected neurotransmitters at similar concentrations produced <100 μM H2O2. Systematic studies with binary and ternary mixtures containing ascorbate indicated that EOs and neurotransmitters could variably enhance (pro-oxidant, POX) or suppress (anti-oxidant, AOX) the production of H2O2 versus the ascorbate control, depending on the concentration ratios of the components in the mixture. Moreover, the AOX/POX chemistry observed with binary mixtures did not necessarily predict effects with ternary mixtures, where the POX ascorbate chemistry tended to dominate. A model is proposed to account for the ability of compounds with electron-donating capacity to catalytically regenerate ascorbate from intermediate oxidized forms of ascorbate, thus driving H2O2 production and exerting a net POX effect; whilst compounds that irreversibly reacted with oxidized forms of ascorbate suppressed the production of H2O2 and produced an overall AOX effect. Since the anxiolytic effects of different EOs, including extracts of Lavendula angustifolia (lavender) and Salvia rosmarinus (rosemary), were associated with AOX regulation of H2O2 production by ascorbate, it can be concluded that these anxiolytic effects are potentially related to the AOX properties of EOs. In contrast, EOs driving POX effects (eg, Junipenus communis (Juniper) berry EO) are proposed to be more useful for their potential anti-microbial or cancer cytotoxic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minoli Aponso
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Antonio Patti
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Milton T W Hearn
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia
| | - Louise E Bennett
- School of Chemistry, Monash University, Clayton, Victoria, 3800, Australia.
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28
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Hitchler MJ, Domann FE. The epigenetic and morphogenetic effects of molecular oxygen and its derived reactive species in development. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 170:70-84. [PMID: 33450377 PMCID: PMC8217084 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Revised: 01/04/2021] [Accepted: 01/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The development of multicellular organisms involves the unpacking of a complex genetic program. Extensive characterization of discrete developmental steps has revealed the genetic program is controlled by an epigenetic state. Shifting the epigenome is a group of epigenetic enzymes that modify DNA and proteins to regulate cell type specific gene expression. While the role of these modifications in development has been established, the input(s) responsible for electing changes in the epigenetic state remains unknown. Development is also associated with dynamic changes in cellular metabolism, redox, free radical production, and oxygen availability. It has previously been postulated that these changes are causal in development by affecting gene expression. This suggests that oxygen is a morphogenic compound that impacts the removal of epigenetic marks. Likewise, metabolism and reactive oxygen species influence redox signaling through iron and glutathione to limit the availability of key epigenetic cofactors such as α-ketoglutarate, ascorbate, NAD+ and S-adenosylmethionine. Given the close relationship between these cofactors and epigenetic marks it seems likely that the two are linked. Here we describe how changing these inputs might affect the epigenetic state during development to drive gene expression. Combined, these cofactors and reactive oxygen species constitute the epigenetic landscape guiding cells along differing developmental paths.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael J Hitchler
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Kaiser Permanente Los Angeles Medical Center, 4950 Sunset Blvd, Los Angeles, CA, 90027, USA.
| | - Frederick E Domann
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Free Radical and Radiation Biology Program, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, 52242, USA.
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Makky EA, AlMatar M, Mahmood MH, Ting OW, Qi WZ. Evaluation of the Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Activities of Ethyl Acetate Extract of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Food Technol Biotechnol 2021; 59:127-136. [PMID: 34316274 PMCID: PMC8284104 DOI: 10.17113/ftb.59.02.21.6658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
RESEARCH BACKGROUND Antioxidants are important compounds present at low concentrations that inhibit oxidation processes. Due to the side effects of synthetic antioxidants, research interest has increased considerably towards finding natural sources of antioxidants that can replace the synthetic ones. The emergence and spread of antibiotic resistance require the development of new drugs or some potential sources of novel medicine. This work aims to extract the secondary metabolites of Saccharomyces cerevisiae using ethyl acetate as a solvent and to determine the antioxidant and antimicrobial activities of these extracted metabolites. EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH The antioxidant activity of the secondary metabolites of S. cerevisiae were determined using DPPH, ABTS and FRAP assays. Furthermore, the antimicrobial potential of the ethyl acetate extract of S. cerevisiae against Cutibacterium acnes, Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis was assessed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION Five out of 13 of the extracted secondary metabolites were identified as antioxidants. The antioxidant activity of the S. cerevisiae extract exhibited relatively high IC50 of 455.26 and 294.51 μg/mL for DPPH and ABTS respectively, while the obtained FRAP value, expressed as ascorbic acid equivalents, was 44.40 μg/mL. Moreover, the extract had a significant antibacterial activity (p<0.05) against Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis at the concentrations of 100 and 200 mg/mL, respectively. However, no inhibitory effect was observed against Cutibacterium acnes as the extract was only effective against the bacterium at the concentrations of 300 and 400 mg/mL (inhibition zones ranging from 9.0±0.0 to 9.3±0.6) respectively (p<0.05). Staphylococcus aureus was highly sensitive to the extract, with a MIC value of 18.75 mg/mL. NOVELTY AND SCIENTIFIC CONTRIBUTION This report confirmed the efficacy of the secondary metabolites of S. cerevisiae as a natural source of antioxidants and antimicrobials and suggested the possibility of employing them in drugs for the treatment of infectious diseases caused by the tested microorganisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Essam A. Makky
- Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP), Gambang, 26300 Kuantan, Malaysia
| | - Manaf AlMatar
- Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP), Gambang, 26300 Kuantan, Malaysia
| | - Mahmood H. Mahmood
- Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP), Gambang, 26300 Kuantan, Malaysia
| | - Ooi Wei Ting
- Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP), Gambang, 26300 Kuantan, Malaysia
| | - Wong Zi Qi
- Faculty of Industrial Sciences and Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang (UMP), Gambang, 26300 Kuantan, Malaysia
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Panday S, Kar S, Kavdia M. How does ascorbate improve endothelial dysfunction? - A computational analysis. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 165:111-126. [PMID: 33497797 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.01.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2020] [Revised: 12/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/14/2021] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Low levels of ascorbate (Asc) are observed in cardiovascular and neurovascular diseases. Asc has therapeutic potential for the treatment of endothelial dysfunction, which is characterized by a reduction in nitric oxide (NO) bioavailability and increased oxidative stress in the vasculature. However, the potential mechanisms remain poorly understood for the Asc mitigation of endothelial dysfunction. In this study, we developed an endothelial cell based computational model integrating endothelial cell nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) biochemical pathway with downstream reactions and interactions of oxidative stress, tetrahydrobiopterin (BH4) synthesis and biopterin ratio ([BH4]/[TBP]), Asc and glutathione (GSH). We quantitatively analyzed three Asc mediated mechanisms that are reported to improve/maintain endothelial cell function. The mechanisms include the reduction of •BH3 to BH4, direct scavenging of superoxide (O2•-) and peroxynitrite (ONOO-) and increasing eNOS activity. The model predicted that Asc at 0.1-100 μM concentrations improved endothelial cell NO production, total biopterin and biopterin ratio in a dose dependent manner and the extent of cellular oxidative stress. Asc increased BH4 availability and restored eNOS coupling under oxidative stress conditions. Asc at concentrations of 1-10 mM reduced O2•- and ONOO- levels and could act as an antioxidant. We predicted that glutathione peroxidase and peroxiredoxin in combination with GSH and Asc can restore eNOS coupling and NO production under oxidative stress conditions. Asc supplementation may be used as an effective therapeutic strategy when BH4 levels are depleted. This study provides detailed understanding of the mechanism responsible and the optimal cellular Asc levels for improvement in endothelial dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheetal Panday
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, 48202, MI, USA
| | - Saptarshi Kar
- College of Engineering and Technology, American University of the Middle East, Kuwait
| | - Mahendra Kavdia
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Wayne State University, Detroit, 48202, MI, USA.
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31
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Mitchell KJ, Goodsell JL, Russell-Webster B, Twahir UT, Angerhofer A, Abboud KA, Christou G. Expansion of the Family of Molecular Nanoparticles of Cerium Dioxide and Their Catalytic Scavenging of Hydroxyl Radicals. Inorg Chem 2021; 60:1641-1653. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.0c03133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kylie J. Mitchell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Justin L. Goodsell
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Bradley Russell-Webster
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Umar T. Twahir
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Alexander Angerhofer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - Khalil A. Abboud
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
| | - George Christou
- Department of Chemistry, University of Florida, Gainesville, Florida 32611-7200, United States
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Sawaki T, Ishizuka T, Namura N, Hong D, Miyanishi M, Shiota Y, Kotani H, Yoshizawa K, Jung J, Fukuzumi S, Kojima T. Photocatalytic hydrogen evolution using a Ru(ii)-bound heteroaromatic ligand as a reactive site. Dalton Trans 2020; 49:17230-17242. [PMID: 33210674 DOI: 10.1039/d0dt03546g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
A RuII complex, [RuII(tpphz)(bpy)2]2+ (1) (tpphz = tetrapyridophenazine, bpy = 2,2'-bipyridine), whose tpphz ligand has a pyrazine moiety, is converted efficiently to [RuII(tpphz-HH)(bpy)2]2+ (2) having a dihydropyrazine moiety upon photoirradiation of a water-methanol mixed solvent solution of 1 in the presence of an electron donor. In this reaction, the triplet metal-to-ligand charge-transfer excited state (3MLCT*) of 1 is firstly formed upon photoirradiation and the 3MLCT* state is reductively quenched with an electron donor to afford [RuII(tpphz˙-)(bpy)2]+, which is converted to 2 without the observation of detectable reduced intermediates by nano-second laser flash photolysis. The inverse kinetic isotope effect (KIE) was observed to be 0.63 in the N-H bond formation of 2 at the dihydropyrazine moiety. White-light (380-670 nm) irradiation of a solution of 1 in a protic solvent, in the presence of an electron donor under an inert atmosphere, led to photocatalytic H2 evolution and the hydrogenation of organic substrates. In the reactions, complex 2 is required to be excited to form its 3MLCT* state to react with a proton and aldehydes. In photocatalytic H2 evolution, the H-H bond formation between photoexcited 2 and a proton is involved in the rate-determining step with normal KIE being 5.2 on H2 evolving rates. Density functional theory (DFT) and time-dependent DFT (TD-DFT) calculations on the reaction mechanism of H2 evolution from the ground and photo-excited states of 2 were performed to have a better understanding of the photocatalytic processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takuya Sawaki
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Pure and Applied Sciences, University of Tsukuba and CREST (JST), 1-1-1 Tennoudai, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8571, Japan.
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(Ascorb)ing Pb Neurotoxicity in the Developing Brain. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 9:antiox9121311. [PMID: 33371438 PMCID: PMC7767447 DOI: 10.3390/antiox9121311] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2020] [Revised: 12/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Lead (Pb) neurotoxicity is a major concern, particularly in children. Developmental exposure to Pb can alter neurodevelopmental trajectory and has permanent neuropathological consequences, including an increased vulnerability to further stressors. Ascorbic acid is among most researched antioxidant nutrients and has a special role in maintaining redox homeostasis in physiological and physio-pathological brain states. Furthermore, because of its capacity to chelate metal ions, ascorbic acid may particularly serve as a potent therapeutic agent in Pb poisoning. The present review first discusses the major consequences of Pb exposure in children and then proceeds to present evidence from human and animal studies for ascorbic acid as an efficient ameliorative supplemental nutrient in Pb poisoning, with a particular focus on developmental Pb neurotoxicity. In doing so, it is hoped that there is a revitalization for further research on understanding the brain functions of this essential, safe, and readily available vitamin in physiological states, as well to justify and establish it as an effective neuroprotective and modulatory factor in the pathologies of the nervous system, including developmental neuropathologies.
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34
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Yang B, Shi J. Ascorbate Tumor Chemotherapy by An Iron-Engineered Nanomedicine-Catalyzed Tumor-Specific Pro-Oxidation. J Am Chem Soc 2020; 142:21775-21785. [PMID: 33314928 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.0c09984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Ascorbate, a kind of polyhydroxy compound with a long history, has been extensively considered as an efficient antioxidant. However, only in the past several decades its pro-oxidation characteristic in the presence of transition metal catalysts has been gradually uncovered, attracting broad attention from researchers in chemistry and biology for benefiting various practical applications, such as anticancer therapy. In this work, we report catalytic ascorbate oxidation and reactive oxygen species generation for efficient tumor chemotherapy by an iron-engineered and ascorbate-loaded hollow mesoporous silica nanomedicine. The -Si-O-Fe- hybrid framework of nanomedicine not only enables acidity-triggered degradability and ascorbate release capability but also provides an abundant Fe ion source for catalyzing ascorbate oxidation, hydrogen peroxide formation, and subsequent Fenton reactions. The detailed chemical mechanism of Fe3+-catalyzed ascorbate oxidation has been explored in detail as two one-electron reaction processes, between which the first one involves the sequential Fe3+ and O2 captures by ascorbate to form a metal-ascorbate-oxygen ternary complex favoring hydrogen peroxide generation. Both in vitro and in vivo results demonstrate the significantly enhanced anticancer efficacy of ascorbate oxidation catalyzed by the composite nanomedicine, demonstrating high feasibility of this synergistic therapeutic concept. It is expected that such a nanomedicine design would be beneficial to future advances in the field of ascorbate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowen Yang
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China.,Center of Materials Science and Optoelectronics Engineering, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, P. R. China
| | - Jianlin Shi
- State Key Laboratory of High Performance Ceramics and Superfine Microstructure, Shanghai Institute of Ceramics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai 200050, P. R. China
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35
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Aksoy M, Kıranşan KD. The Construction and Testing of an Amperometric Biosensor for Oxidized Glutathione with Glutathione Reductase Immobilized on Reduced Graphene Oxide Paper Modified with Cobalt Sulphur. ChemistrySelect 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/slct.202003552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mine Aksoy
- Atatürk University Faculty of Science Department of Chemistry Erzurum Turkey
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36
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Njus D, Kelley PM, Tu YJ, Schlegel HB. Ascorbic acid: The chemistry underlying its antioxidant properties. Free Radic Biol Med 2020; 159:37-43. [PMID: 32738399 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 180] [Impact Index Per Article: 45.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2020] [Revised: 07/06/2020] [Accepted: 07/07/2020] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Ascorbic acid (vitamin C) is an unusual antioxidant in that it donates a single reducing equivalent, and the radical it forms, monodehydroascorbate, reacts preferentially with radicals instead of with non-radical compounds. This happens because removal of an electron from monodehydroascorbate would create a tricarbonyl structure that is energetically unfavored. Instead of forming this structure, ascorbic acid oxidizes only to monodehydroascorbate, and monodehydroascorbate reacts with other radicals, oxidizing by mechanisms that may circumvent formation of this unfavored structure. Ironically, this tricarbonyl compound, which we suggest be called pseudodehydroascorbate, is commonly and mistakenly cited as the real product of ascorbic acid oxidation. In fact, it has been known for over 40 years that dehydroascorbate has a bicyclic hemiketal structure, and kinetic considerations suggest that it may be produced and reduced without forming pseudodehydroascorbate as an intermediate. This and other significant questions about the chemical basis of the antioxidant properties of ascorbic acid are obscured by this misconception about its oxidation product, dehydroascorbate.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Njus
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA.
| | - Patrick M Kelley
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
| | - Yi-Jung Tu
- Department of Chemistry, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, 48202, USA
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37
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Adewale AT, Falk Libby E, Fu L, Lenzie A, Boitet ER, Birket SE, Petty CF, Johns JD, Mazur M, Tearney GJ, Copeland D, Durham C, Rowe SM. Novel Therapy of Bicarbonate, Glutathione, and Ascorbic Acid Improves Cystic Fibrosis Mucus Transport. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2020; 63:362-373. [PMID: 32374624 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2019-0287oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Defective airway mucus clearance is a defining characteristic of cystic fibrosis lung disease, and improvements to current mucolytic strategies are needed. Novel approaches targeting a range of contributing mechanisms are in various stages of preclinical and clinical development. ARINA-1 is a new nebulized product comprised of ascorbic acid, glutathione, and bicarbonate. Using microoptical coherence tomography, we tested the effect of ARINA-1 on central features of mucociliary clearance in F508del/F508del primary human bronchial epithelial cells to assess its potential as a mucoactive therapy in cystic fibrosis. We found that ARINA-1 significantly augmented mucociliary transport rates, both alone and with CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator) modulator therapy, whereas airway hydration and ciliary beating were largely unchanged compared with PBS vehicle control. Analysis of mucus reflectivity and particle-tracking microrheology indicated that ARINA-1 restores mucus clearance by principally reducing mucus layer viscosity. The combination of bicarbonate and glutathione elicited increases in mucociliary transport rate comparable to those seen with ARINA-1, indicating the importance of this interaction to the impact of ARINA-1 on mucus transport; this effect was not recapitulated with bicarbonate alone or bicarbonate combined with ascorbic acid. Assessment of CFTR chloride transport revealed an increase in CFTR-mediated chloride secretion in response to ARINA-1 in CFBE41o- cells expressing wild-type CFTR, driven by CFTR activity stimulation by ascorbate. This response was absent in CFBE41o- F508del cells treated with VX-809 and primary human bronchial epithelial cells, implicating CFTR-independent mechanisms for the effect of ARINA-1 on cystic fibrosis mucus. Together, these studies indicate that ARINA-1 is a novel potential therapy for the treatment of impaired mucus clearance in cystic fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Lianwu Fu
- Department of Cellular, Developmental, and Integrative Biology.,Department of Pediatrics, and
| | | | | | - Susan E Birket
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | | | | | | | - Guillermo J Tearney
- Wellman Center for Photomedicine and.,Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Harvard-MIT Division of Health Sciences and Technology, Cambridge, Massachusetts; and
| | | | | | - Steven M Rowe
- Cystic Fibrosis Research Center.,Department of Cellular, Developmental, and Integrative Biology.,Department of Pediatrics, and.,Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
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Abstract
Vitamin C (Vit C) is an ideal antioxidant as it is easily available, water soluble, very potent, least toxic, regenerates other antioxidants particularly Vit E, and acts as a cofactor for different enzymes. It has received much attention due to its ability in limiting reactive oxygen species, oxidative stress, and nitrosative stress, as well as it helps to maintain some of the normal metabolic functions of the cell. However, over 140 clinical trials using Vit C in different pathological conditions such as myocardial infarction, gastritis, diabetes, hypertension, stroke, and cancer have yielded inconsistent results. Such a divergence calls for new strategies to establish practical significance of Vit C in heart failure or even in its prevention. For a better understanding of Vit C functioning, it is important to revisit its transport across the cell membrane and subcellular interactions. In this review, we have highlighted some historical details of Vit C and its transporters in the heart with a particular focus on heart failure in cancer chemotherapy.
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Shan J, Yang K, Xiu W, Qiu Q, Dai S, Yuwen L, Weng L, Teng Z, Wang L. Cu 2 MoS 4 Nanozyme with NIR-II Light Enhanced Catalytic Activity for Efficient Eradication of Multidrug-Resistant Bacteria. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2020; 16:e2001099. [PMID: 32893455 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202001099] [Citation(s) in RCA: 78] [Impact Index Per Article: 19.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2020] [Revised: 07/01/2020] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Nanozymes with unique enzyme-like catalytic properties and versatile functionalities are particularly attractive for the treatment of bacterial infections, especially for combating drug-resistant bacteria. However, inherently low catalytic activity significantly limits their antibacterial performance. Herein, a new near-infrared II (NIR-II) light responsive nanozyme (Cu2 MoS4 nanoplates, CMS NPs) is developed for efficient eradication of multidrug-resistant (MDR) bacteria. CMS NPs with intrinsic dual enzyme-like property can generate reactive oxygen species (ROS) by catalysis. Importantly, CMS NPs show NIR-II light enhanced oxidase- and peroxidase-like catalytic activities to improve ROS generation for highly efficient killing of bacteria. In vitro results demonstrate that CMS NPs (40 µg mL-1 ) achieve rapid killing of 8 log MDR Escherichia coli and 6 log MDR Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) under NIR-II light irradiation (1064 nm, 1 W cm-2 ) in 10 min. Moreover, CMS NPs exhibit excellent therapeutic efficacy of MDR S. aureus infection in vivo as well as negligible toxicity to cells and animals, indicating their potential use as antibacterial agents. This work provides a novel antibacterial strategy by combining the catalytic generation of ROS and NIR-II photothermal effect of nanozymes for efficient treatment of MDR bacteria-related infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingyang Shan
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Kaili Yang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Weijun Xiu
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Qiu Qiu
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Sulai Dai
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Lihui Yuwen
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Lixing Weng
- School of Geography and Biological Information, Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Zhaogang Teng
- Department of Medical Imaging, Jinling Hospital, School of Medicine, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210002, China
| | - Lianhui Wang
- Key Laboratory for Organic Electronics and Information Displays and Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biosensors, Institute of Advanced Materials (IAM), Nanjing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Nanjing, 210023, China
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40
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Sebastián-Morelló M, Alambiaga-Caravaca AM, Calatayud-Pascual MA, Rodilla V, Balaguer-Fernández C, Miranda M, López-Castellano A. Ex-Vivo Trans-Corneal and Trans-Scleral Diffusion Studies with Ocular Formulations of Glutathione as an Antioxidant Treatment for Ocular Diseases. Pharmaceutics 2020; 12:pharmaceutics12090861. [PMID: 32927681 PMCID: PMC7558315 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics12090861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2020] [Revised: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 09/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Exposure to sunlight and contact with atmospheric oxygen makes the eye particularly susceptible to oxidative stress, which can potentially produce cellular damage. In physiological conditions, there are several antioxidant defense mechanisms within the eye. Glutathione (GSH) is the most important antioxidant in the eye; GSH deficit has been linked to several ocular pathologies. The aim of this study was to explore the potential for newly developed formulations allowing controlled delivery of antioxidants such as GSH and vitamin C (Vit C) directly to the eye. We have investigated the stability of antioxidants in aqueous solution and assessed ex-vivo the diffusion of GSH through two ocular membranes, namely cornea and sclera, either in solution or included in a semisolid insert. We have also carried out the hen’s egg-chlorioallantoic membrane test (HET-CAM) to evaluate the ocular irritancy of the different antioxidant solutions. Our results showed that GSH is stable for up to 30 days at 4 °C in darkness and it is not an irritant to the eye. The diffusion studies revealed that the manufactured formulation, a semisolid insert containing GSH, could deliver this tripeptide directly to the eye in a sustained manner.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Vicent Rodilla
- Correspondence: (V.R.); (A.L.-C.); Tel.: +34-961-369-00 (ext. 64527) (V.R.); +34-961-369-00 (ext. 64427) (A.L.-C.)
| | | | | | - Alicia López-Castellano
- Correspondence: (V.R.); (A.L.-C.); Tel.: +34-961-369-00 (ext. 64527) (V.R.); +34-961-369-00 (ext. 64427) (A.L.-C.)
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41
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Jeong H, Vacanti NM. Systemic vitamin intake impacting tissue proteomes. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2020; 17:73. [PMID: 32863845 PMCID: PMC7449053 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-020-00491-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The kinetics and localization of the reactions of metabolism are coordinated by the enzymes that catalyze them. These enzymes are controlled via a myriad of mechanisms including inhibition/activation by metabolites, compartmentalization, thermodynamics, and nutrient sensing-based transcriptional or post-translational regulation; all of which are influenced as a network by the activities of metabolic enzymes and have downstream potential to exert direct or indirect control over protein abundances. Considering many of these enzymes are active only when one or more vitamin cofactors are present; the availability of vitamin cofactors likely yields a systems-influence over tissue proteomes. Furthermore, vitamins may influence protein abundances as nuclear receptor agonists, antioxidants, substrates for post-translational modifications, molecular signal transducers, and regulators of electrolyte homeostasis. Herein, studies of vitamin intake are explored for their contribution to unraveling vitamin influence over protein expression. As a body of work, these studies establish vitamin intake as a regulator of protein abundance; with the most powerful demonstrations reporting regulation of proteins directly related to the vitamin of interest. However, as a whole, the field has not kept pace with advances in proteomic platforms and analytical methodologies, and has not moved to validate mechanisms of regulation or potential for clinical application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heesoo Jeong
- Division of Nutritional Sciences, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY USA
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42
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Tram NK, McLean RM, Swindle-Reilly KE. Glutathione Improves the Antioxidant Activity of Vitamin C in Human Lens and Retinal Epithelial Cells: Implications for Vitreous Substitutes. Curr Eye Res 2020; 46:470-481. [PMID: 32838548 DOI: 10.1080/02713683.2020.1809002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE Tissues in the eye are particularly susceptible to oxidative damage due to light exposure. While vitamin C (ascorbic acid) has been noted as a vital antioxidant in the vitreous humor, its physiological concentration (1-2 mM) has been shown to be toxic to retinal and lens epithelial cells in in vitro cell culture. We have explored adding vitamin C to hydrogel vitreous substitutes as a potential therapeutic to prevent oxidative damage to intraocular tissues after vitrectomy. However, vitamin C degrades rapidly even when loaded at high concentrations, limiting its long-term effectiveness. Glutathione, another antioxidant found abundantly in the lens at concentrations of 2-10 mM, was proposed to be used in conjunction with vitamin C. METHODS Cell viability and reactive oxygen species activity of human retinal and lens epithelial cells treated with various combinations of vitamin C, glutathione, hydrogen peroxide, and a hydrogel vitreous substitute were determined using CellTiter-Glo luminescent cell viability assay and dichlorofluorescein assay, respectively. The vitamin C remaining in hydrogel vitreous substitute or glutathione-vitamin C solutions was determined using a microplate reader at 265 nm wavelength, compared against standard solutions with known concentrations. RESULTS Glutathione protected the lens and retinal cells from the negative effect of vitamin C on cell viability and prolonged the antioxidant effect of vitamin C in vitro. While the detected reading of pure vitamin C solution decreased rapidly from 100% to 10% by 3 days, glutathione provided a significant extension to vitamin C stability, with 70% remaining after 14 days when the glutathione was used at physiological concentrations found in the lens (2-10 mM). CONCLUSIONS These results indicate glutathione might be an effective addition to vitamin C in intraocular implants, including potential vitreous substitutes, and warrants additional studies on the effectiveness of the vitamin C - glutathione combination in preventing oxidative stress post-vitrectomy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nguyen K Tram
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Rayna M McLean
- William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
| | - Katelyn E Swindle-Reilly
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,William G. Lowrie Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA.,Department of Ophthalmology & Visual Science, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, USA
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43
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Yabuta Y, Nagata R, Aoki Y, Kariya A, Wada K, Yanagimoto A, Hara H, Bito T, Okamoto N, Yoshida S, Ishihara A, Watanabe F. L-Ascorbate Biosynthesis Involves Carbon Skeleton Rearrangement in the Nematode Caenorhabditis elegans. Metabolites 2020; 10:metabo10080334. [PMID: 32824560 PMCID: PMC7463950 DOI: 10.3390/metabo10080334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Accepted: 08/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ascorbate (AsA) is required as a cofactor and is widely distributed in plants and animals. Recently, it has been suggested that the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans also synthesizes AsA. However, its biosynthetic pathway is still unknown. To further understand AsA biosynthesis in C. elegans, we analyzed the incorporation of the 13C atom into AsA using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) in worms fed with D-Glc (1-13C)-labeled Escherichia coli. GC-MS analysis revealed that AsA biosynthesis in C. elegans, similarly to that in mammalian systems, involves carbon skeleton rearrangement. The addition of L-gulono-1,4-lactone, an AsA precursor in the mammalian pathway, significantly increased AsA level in C. elegans, whereas the addition of L-galactono-1,4-lactone, an AsA precursor in the plant and Euglena pathway, did not affect AsA level. The suppression of E03H4.3 (an ortholog of gluconolactonase) or the deficiency of F54D5.12 (an ortholog of L-gulono-1,4-lactone oxidase) significantly decreased AsA level in C. elegans. Although N2- and AsA-deficient F54D5.12 knockout mutant worm (tm6671) morphologies and the ratio of collagen to non-collagen protein did not show any significant differences, the mutant worms exhibited increased malondialdehyde levels and reduced lifespan compared with the N2 worms. In conclusion, our findings indicate that the AsA biosynthetic pathway is similar in C. elegans and mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukinori Yabuta
- Department of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori 680-8553, Japan; (R.N.); (Y.A.); (A.K.); (K.W.); (A.Y.); (H.H.); (T.B.); (A.I.); (F.W.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-857-31-5382
| | - Ryuta Nagata
- Department of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori 680-8553, Japan; (R.N.); (Y.A.); (A.K.); (K.W.); (A.Y.); (H.H.); (T.B.); (A.I.); (F.W.)
| | - Yuka Aoki
- Department of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori 680-8553, Japan; (R.N.); (Y.A.); (A.K.); (K.W.); (A.Y.); (H.H.); (T.B.); (A.I.); (F.W.)
| | - Ayumi Kariya
- Department of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori 680-8553, Japan; (R.N.); (Y.A.); (A.K.); (K.W.); (A.Y.); (H.H.); (T.B.); (A.I.); (F.W.)
| | - Kousuke Wada
- Department of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori 680-8553, Japan; (R.N.); (Y.A.); (A.K.); (K.W.); (A.Y.); (H.H.); (T.B.); (A.I.); (F.W.)
| | - Ayako Yanagimoto
- Department of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori 680-8553, Japan; (R.N.); (Y.A.); (A.K.); (K.W.); (A.Y.); (H.H.); (T.B.); (A.I.); (F.W.)
| | - Hiroka Hara
- Department of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori 680-8553, Japan; (R.N.); (Y.A.); (A.K.); (K.W.); (A.Y.); (H.H.); (T.B.); (A.I.); (F.W.)
| | - Tomohiro Bito
- Department of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori 680-8553, Japan; (R.N.); (Y.A.); (A.K.); (K.W.); (A.Y.); (H.H.); (T.B.); (A.I.); (F.W.)
| | - Naho Okamoto
- The United Graduate School of Agricultural Sciences, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori 680-8553, Japan;
| | - Shinichi Yoshida
- Electronic and Organic Material Laboratory, Tottori Institute of Industrial Technology, 7-1-1 Wakabadai-minami, Tottori 689-1112, Japan;
| | - Atsushi Ishihara
- Department of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori 680-8553, Japan; (R.N.); (Y.A.); (A.K.); (K.W.); (A.Y.); (H.H.); (T.B.); (A.I.); (F.W.)
| | - Fumio Watanabe
- Department of Agricultural, Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Tottori University, 4-101 Koyama-Minami, Tottori 680-8553, Japan; (R.N.); (Y.A.); (A.K.); (K.W.); (A.Y.); (H.H.); (T.B.); (A.I.); (F.W.)
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44
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Koyyada A. Long-term use of proton pump inhibitors as a risk factor for various adverse manifestations. Therapie 2020; 76:13-21. [PMID: 32718584 DOI: 10.1016/j.therap.2020.06.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2020] [Revised: 06/16/2020] [Accepted: 06/16/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The long-term use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs) can lead to increased gastric pH, hypochlorhydria and in some cases to achlorhydria when compared to other acid-suppressing agents like histamine-2 (H2) receptor blockers and antacids. These consequences by the use of long-term PPIs may lead to significant vitamin (B12 and C) and mineral (iron, calcium and magnesium) deficiencies which needs gastric acid for their absorption and bioavailability. Long-term use of PPIs by the pregnant patients may impose a potential risk of congenital malformations. Various studies have recommended the life style modifications and antacid use as first choice among pregnant womens by preserving PPIs (omeprazole as a safe choice of PPI) for severe conditions of gastroesophageal reflux disease. The long-term acid suppression by PPIs can also lead to enteric, respiratory and urinary tract infections. The hypochlorhydria by chronic PPIs use may induce hypergastrinemia, which ultimately mediates the gastric polyps, gastric carcinoids and gastric cancer. The concomitant use of PPIs with antiplatelet drugs like clopidogrel can impose the patients to major adverse cardiac events. This review has enlisted the comprehensive information regarding the adverse effects induced by long-term use of PPIs and their possible relations. Considerable studies like case-control, randomized trials, cohort studies and meta-analysis were reported in supporting these adverse effects. The clinicians and patients should be cautious about these effects so that they can avoid the serious outcomes. PPIs should be avoided for long-term use mainly in older adults unless there is a proper indication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arun Koyyada
- GITAM Institute of Pharmacy, GITAM University, Rushikonda, Visakhapatnam, 530045 Andhra Pradesh, India.
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45
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Sanjo H, Yao T, Katagiri K, Sato T, Matsumura T, Komeya M, Yamanaka H, Yao M, Matsuhisa A, Asayama Y, Ikeda K, Kano K, Aoki J, Arita M, Ogawa T. Antioxidant vitamins and lysophospholipids are critical for inducing mouse spermatogenesis under organ culture conditions. FASEB J 2020; 34:9480-9497. [PMID: 32474967 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202000245r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
In vitro mouse spermatogenesis using a classical organ culture method became possible by supplementing basal culture medium with only the product of bovine serum albumin purified by chromatography (AlbuMAX), which indicated that AlbuMAX contained every chemical factor necessary for mouse spermatogenesis. However, since the identity of these factors was unclear, improvements in culture media and our understanding of the nutritional and signal substances required for spermatogenesis were hindered. In the present study, chemically defined media (CDM) without AlbuMAX was used to evaluate each supplementary factor and their combinations for the induction of spermatogenesis. Similar to in vivo conditions, retinoic acid, triiodothyronine (T3 ), and testosterone (T) were needed. Based on differences in spermatogenic competence between AlbuMAX, fetal bovine serum, and adult bovine serum, we identified α-tocopherol, which strongly promoted spermatogenesis when combined with ascorbic acid and glutathione. Differences were also observed in the abilities of lipids extracted from AlbuMAX using two different methods to induce spermatogenesis. This led to the identification of lysophospholipids, particularly lysophosphatidylcholine, lysophosphatidic acid, and lysophosphatidylserine, as important molecules for spermatogenesis. New CDM formulated based on these results induced and promoted spermatogenesis as efficiently as AlbuMAX-containing medium. In vitro spermatogenesis with CDM may provide a unique experimental system for research on spermatogenesis that cannot be performed in in vivo experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroyuki Sanjo
- Department of Urology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.,Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical and Regenerative Sciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Life Science, Yokohama City University Association of Medical Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Tatsuma Yao
- Research and Development Center, Fuso Pharmaceutical Industries, Ltd, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kumiko Katagiri
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical and Regenerative Sciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Life Science, Yokohama City University Association of Medical Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takuya Sato
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical and Regenerative Sciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Life Science, Yokohama City University Association of Medical Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Takafumi Matsumura
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical and Regenerative Sciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Life Science, Yokohama City University Association of Medical Science, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Mitsuru Komeya
- Department of Urology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Yamanaka
- Department of Urology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yao
- Department of Urology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan
| | - Akio Matsuhisa
- Research and Development Center, Fuso Pharmaceutical Industries, Ltd, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuta Asayama
- Research and Development Center, Fuso Pharmaceutical Industries, Ltd, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Ikeda
- Laboratory for Metabolomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.,Cellular and Molecular Epigenetics Laboratory, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan.,Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Kisarazu, Japan
| | - Kuniyuki Kano
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Junken Aoki
- Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tohoku University, Sendai, Japan
| | - Makoto Arita
- Laboratory for Metabolomics, RIKEN Center for Integrative Medical Sciences, Yokohama, Japan.,Cellular and Molecular Epigenetics Laboratory, Graduate School of Medical Life Science, Yokohama City University, Yokohama, Japan.,Division of Physiological Chemistry and Metabolism, Graduate School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Keio University, Tokyo, Japan
| | - Takehiko Ogawa
- Department of Urology, Yokohama City University Graduate School of Medicine, Yokohama, Japan.,Laboratory of Biopharmaceutical and Regenerative Sciences, Institute of Molecular Medicine and Life Science, Yokohama City University Association of Medical Science, Yokohama, Japan
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46
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Gordon DS, Rudinsky AJ, Guillaumin J, Parker VJ, Creighton KJ. Vitamin C in Health and Disease: A Companion Animal Focus. Top Companion Anim Med 2020; 39:100432. [PMID: 32482285 DOI: 10.1016/j.tcam.2020.100432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 03/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Vitamin C is synthesized in the liver in most species, including dogs and cats, and is widely distributed through body tissues. Vitamin C has an important physiologic role in numerous metabolic functions including tissue growth and maintenance, amelioration of oxidative stress, and immune regulation. It is also a co-factor in the production of important substances such as catecholamines and vasopressin. Decreased vitamin C levels have been documented in a wide variety of diseases, and in critically ill human patients may be associated with increased severity of disease and decreased survival. Intravenous supplementation with vitamin C has been proposed as a potential life-saving treatment in conditions such as septic shock, and results of small some human trials are promising. Data in companion in animals is very limited, but the possible benefits and , seemingly low risk of adverse effects , and the low cost of this treatment make vitamin C therapy a promising area of future investigation in critically ill dogs and cats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel S Gordon
- Departments of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH, USA
| | - Adam J Rudinsky
- Departments of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH, USA
| | - Julien Guillaumin
- Departments of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH, USA
| | - Valerie J Parker
- Departments of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH, USA
| | - Karina J Creighton
- Departments of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus OH, USA.
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47
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Gürbüz Çolak N, Eken NT, Ülger M, Frary A, Doğanlar S. Mapping of quantitative trait loci for antioxidant molecules in tomato fruit: Carotenoids, vitamins C and E, glutathione and phenolic acids. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2020; 292:110393. [PMID: 32005398 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2019.110393] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/26/2019] [Revised: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 12/25/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
The nutritional value of a crop lies not only in its protein, lipid, and sugar content but also involves compounds such as the antioxidants lycopene, β-carotene and vitamin C. In the present study, wild tomato Solanum pimpinellifolium LA 1589 was assessed for its potential to improve antioxidant content. This wild species was found to be a good source of alleles for increasing β-carotene, lycopene, vitamin C and vitamin E contents in cultivated tomato. Characterization of an LA 1589 interspecific inbred backcross line (IBL) mapping population revealed many individuals with transgressive segregation for the antioxidants confirming the usefulness of this wild species for breeding of these traits. Molecular markers were used to identify QTLs for the metabolites in the IBL population. In total, 64 QTLs were identified for the antioxidants and their locations were compared to the map positions of previously identified QTLs for confirmation. Four (57 %) of the carotenoid QTLs, four (36 %) of the vitamin QTLs, and 11 (25 %) of the phenolic acid QTLs were supported by previous studies. Furthermore, several potential candidate genes were identified for vitamins C and E and phenolic acids loci. These candidate genes might be used as markers in breeding programs to increase tomato's antioxidant content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nergiz Gürbüz Çolak
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir 35430, Turkey
| | - Neslihan Tek Eken
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir 35430, Turkey
| | | | - Anne Frary
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir 35430, Turkey
| | - Sami Doğanlar
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Izmir Institute of Technology, Izmir 35430, Turkey.
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48
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Fiorani M, Guidarelli A, Cantoni O. Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species: the effects of mitochondrial ascorbic acid vs untargeted and mitochondria-targeted antioxidants. Int J Radiat Biol 2020; 97:1055-1062. [PMID: 31976796 DOI: 10.1080/09553002.2020.1721604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
PREMISE Mitochondria represent critical sites for reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, which dependent on concentration is responsible for the regulation of both physiological and pathological processes. PURPOSE Antioxidants in mitochondria regulate the redox balance, prevent mitochondrial damage and dysfunction and maintain a physiological ROS-dependent signaling. The aim of the present review is to provide critical elements for addressing this issue in the context of various pharmacological approaches using antioxidants targeted or non-targeted to mitochondria. Furthermore, this review focuses on the mitochondrial antioxidant effects of ascorbic acid (AA), providing clues on the complexities associated with the cellular uptake and subcellular distribution of the vitamin. CONCLUSIONS Antioxidants that are not specifically targeted to mitochondria fail to accumulate in significant amounts in critical sites of mitochondrial ROS production and may eventually interfere with the ensuing physiological signaling. Mitochondria-targeted antioxidants are more effective, but are expected to interfere with the mitochondrial ROS-dependent physiologic signaling. AA promotes multiple beneficial effects in mitochondria. The complex regulation of vitamin C uptake in these organelles likely contributes to its versatile antioxidant response, thereby providing a central role to the vitamin for adequate control of mitochondrial dysfunction associated with increased mitochondrial ROS production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mara Fiorani
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Andrea Guidarelli
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
| | - Orazio Cantoni
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, University of Urbino Carlo Bo, Urbino, Italy
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49
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Li J, Wang Y, Sun S, Lv AM, Jiang K, Li Y, Li Z, Lin H. Disulfide bond-based self-crosslinked carbon-dots for turn-on fluorescence imaging of GSH in living cells. Analyst 2020; 145:2982-2987. [DOI: 10.1039/d0an00071j] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
A self-quenched nanoprobe built on a disulfide bond-based crosslink of carbon-dots has been constructed for intracellular GSH sensing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Li
- College of Chemistry
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou
- PR China
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering
| | - Yuhui Wang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Ningbo 315201
- PR China
| | - Shan Sun
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Ningbo 315201
- PR China
| | - A-Man Lv
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Ningbo 315201
- PR China
| | - Kai Jiang
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Ningbo 315201
- PR China
| | - Yike Li
- College of Chemistry
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou
- PR China
| | - Zhongjun Li
- College of Chemistry
- Zhengzhou University
- Zhengzhou
- PR China
| | - Hengwei Lin
- Ningbo Institute of Materials Technology & Engineering
- Chinese Academy of Sciences
- Ningbo 315201
- PR China
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50
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Lienkamp AC, Heine T, Tischler D. Glutathione: A powerful but rare cofactor among Actinobacteria. ADVANCES IN APPLIED MICROBIOLOGY 2020; 110:181-217. [PMID: 32386605 DOI: 10.1016/bs.aambs.2019.12.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Glutathione (γ-l-glutamyl-l-cysteinylglycine, GSH) is a powerful cellular redox agent. In nature only the l,l-form is common among the tree of life. It serves as antioxidant or redox buffer system, protein regeneration and activation by interaction with thiol groups, unspecific reagent for conjugation during detoxification, marker for amino acid or peptide transport even through membranes, activation or solubilization of compounds during degradative pathways or just as redox shuttle. However, the role of GSH production and utilization in bacteria is more complex and especially little is known for the Actinobacteria. Some recent reports on GSH use in degradative pathways came across and this is described herein. GSH is used by transferases to activate and solubilize epoxides. It allows funneling epoxides as isoprene oxide or styrene oxide into central metabolism. Thus, the distribution of GSH synthesis, recycling and application among bacteria and especially Actinobacteria are highlighted including the pathways and contributing enzymes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna C Lienkamp
- Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Thomas Heine
- Environmental Microbiology, Faculty of Chemistry and Physics, TU Bergakademie Freiberg, Freiberg, Germany
| | - Dirk Tischler
- Microbial Biotechnology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany.
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