1
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Faria R, Guimarães de Oliveira D, Alves R, Farinha F, Pinho Costa P, Vasconcelos C, Figueiredo-Braga M. Psychological impact of life events in systemic lupus erythematosus patients - Differences between flares and remission. Lupus 2024:9612033241266987. [PMID: 39034640 DOI: 10.1177/09612033241266987] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Stress has been linked to worsening symptoms and increased disease activity in patients with Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE). Life-events are individual stress points, and there is conflicting evidence regarding their role in SLE activity and disease perception. METHODS Adult SLE patients were recruited for the study. Clinical and laboratory features of SLE were recorded, and previous diagnosis of anxiety or depression were retrieved from patients' electronic charts. Flares were defined by the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity (SLEDAI) flare Index, and flares during the previous year were documented. During a routine visit, they completed validated Portuguese translations of the 10-item Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and Life Experience Survey (LES) for the previous year. RESULTS A total of 47 female SLE patients were recruited. Ten patients (21.3%) had experienced recent flares. Patients with recent flares reported fewer life events, with lower positive, negative, and total weightings sums compared to those without recent flares. Although 42.2% of patients perceived pathological levels of stress in the previous month, 48.9% had anxiety symptoms, and 34% were at high risk for an anxiety disorder, these psychometric measures did not differ significantly between the recent flare and no-flare groups. CONCLUSIONS There is a high prevalence of pathological levels of stress among SLE patients. SLE patients with recent flares report less psychological impact from life events, both positive and negative, independent of other psychological or pharmacological factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raquel Faria
- Unidade de Imunologia Clínica, Unidade Local de Saúde Santo António (ULSSA), Porto, Portugal
- Autoimmunity and Neurosciences Group, UMIB - Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, ICBAS - School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- ITR - Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, Porto, Portugal
| | - Daniel Guimarães de Oliveira
- Autoimmunity and Neurosciences Group, UMIB - Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, ICBAS - School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- ITR - Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, Porto, Portugal
- Immunobiology Group, i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Autoimmune Disease Unit, Internal Medicine Service, Unidade Local de Saúde do Tâmega e Sousa, Penafiel, Portugal
| | - Rute Alves
- Serviço de Medicina Intensiva Polivalente, Unidade Local de Saúde Gaia e Espinho, Vila Nova de Gaia, Portugal
| | - Fátima Farinha
- Unidade de Imunologia Clínica, Unidade Local de Saúde Santo António (ULSSA), Porto, Portugal
- Autoimmunity and Neurosciences Group, UMIB - Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, ICBAS - School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- ITR - Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, Porto, Portugal
| | - Paulo Pinho Costa
- Autoimmunity and Neurosciences Group, UMIB - Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, ICBAS - School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- ITR - Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, Porto, Portugal
- Human Genetics Department, Instituto Nacional de Saúde Doutor Ricardo Jorge, Porto, Portugal
| | - Carlos Vasconcelos
- Unidade de Imunologia Clínica, Unidade Local de Saúde Santo António (ULSSA), Porto, Portugal
- Autoimmunity and Neurosciences Group, UMIB - Unit for Multidisciplinary Research in Biomedicine, ICBAS - School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- ITR - Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health, Porto, Portugal
| | - Margarida Figueiredo-Braga
- Neurosciences and Mental Health Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Metabesity Group, i3S, Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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2
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Choi J, Han I, Min J, Yun J, Kim BS, Shin K, Kim K, Kim YH. Dosis‐Wirkungs‐Beziehung zwischen Alkoholkonsum und Psoriasis: Systematische Übersicht und Metaanalyse. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2024; 22:641-653. [PMID: 38730521 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.15380_g] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024]
Abstract
The association between psoriasis and alcohol consumption has been inconsistent across various studies. However, to the best of our knowledge, no dose-response meta-analysis has been performed to date. This study aims to investigate the association between alcohol consumption and psoriasis. The search was performed on July 27, 2021, using Embase and MEDLINE. The restricted cubic spline analysis was used to perform a dose-response analysis. We identified 3,904 studies, of which 48 studies with 1,702,847 individuals across 24 countries were included. Alcohol consumption was positively associated with psoriasis (odds ratio [OR], 1.47; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.27-1.70). In addition, a significantly increased OR for psoriasis was observed in males (OR, 1.84; 95% CI, 1.13-3.01) but not in females (OR, 1.22; 95% CI, 0.97-1.54). Based on eight studies, including three cohort and five case-control studies, the analysis revealed that with each additional gram of daily alcohol intake, the OR for psoriasis increased by 4%. We found a positive association between alcohol consumption and psoriasis. The association is more prominent in the group drinking more than 45 g of alcohol per day (3.2 alcoholic drink equivalent).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeeyu Choi
- School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ikjoon Han
- School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Joohong Min
- School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisang Yun
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Dermatology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Soo Kim
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kihyuk Shin
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Dermatology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kihun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Hak Kim
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
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3
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Choi J, Han I, Min J, Yun J, Kim BS, Shin K, Kim K, Kim YH. Dose-response analysis between alcohol consumption and psoriasis: A systematic review and meta-analysis. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges 2024; 22:641-652. [PMID: 38679782 DOI: 10.1111/ddg.15380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
The association between psoriasis and alcohol consumption has been inconsistent across various studies. However, to the best of our knowledge, no dose-response meta-analysis has been performed to date. This study aims to investigate the association between alcohol consumption and psoriasis. The search was performed on July 27, 2021, using Embase and MEDLINE. The restricted cubic spline analysis was used to perform a dose-response analysis. We identified 3,904 studies, of which 48 studies with 1,702,847 individuals across 24 countries were included. Alcohol consumption was positively associated with psoriasis (odds ratio [OR], 1.47; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.27-1.70). In addition, a significantly increased OR for psoriasis was observed in males (OR, 1.84; 95% CI, 1.13-3.01) but not in females (OR, 1.22; 95% CI, 0.97-1.54). Based on eight studies, including three cohort and five case-control studies, the analysis revealed that with each additional gram of daily alcohol intake, the OR for psoriasis increased by 4%. We found a positive association between alcohol consumption and psoriasis. The association is more prominent in the group drinking more than 45 g of alcohol per day (3.2 alcoholic drink equivalent).
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeeyu Choi
- School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Ikjoon Han
- School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Joohong Min
- School of Dentistry, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Jisang Yun
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Dermatology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Byung-Soo Kim
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kihyuk Shin
- Department of Dermatology, College of Medicine, Pusan National University, Busan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Dermatology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute for Convergence of Biomedical Science and Technology, Pusan National University Yangsan Hospital, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Kihun Kim
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
| | - Yun Hak Kim
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, Pusan National University, Yangsan, Republic of Korea
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4
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Bajraktarov S, Arsova S, Milutinovic M, Mitrovska S, Papestiev IA, Markova AD, Jovanovska V, Filipce A, Novotni L, Ivanovska BZ, Stoilkovska BB, Fritzhand A, Jovanovic N. Subjective Quality of Life of Women in the Perinatal Period: A Post Covid-19 Pandemic Exploration in North Macedonia. Pril (Makedon Akad Nauk Umet Odd Med Nauki) 2023; 44:57-69. [PMID: 36987761 DOI: 10.2478/prilozi-2023-0007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/30/2023]
Abstract
Subjective quality of life could be considered one of the indicators of health behavior and wellbeing of women in the perinatal period. Accordingly, the aim of this paper was to examine how women in perinatal period perceive quality of life in various domains. Its relationship to age, number of pregnancies, course of pregnancies, and method of delivery and experience with Covid-19 pandemic was investigated, as well. Our sample consisted of 366 pregnant women in any period of pregnancy who came in for regular outpatient examinations and control, those who were hospitalized due to pathological pregnancy or due to the need for intensive care, as well as women in their postnatal period, one year after delivery, who were seeking professional advice from a gynecologist. The majority were aged 20 to 30 years (53.8%). The findings showed that assessed domains of subjective quality of life were related to a variety of experiences with the Covid-19 pandemic. The results are presented and discussed in detail. Implications and limitations are given, as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stojan Bajraktarov
- 1Faculty of Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, RN Macedonia
- 2University Clinic of Psychiatry - Skopje, RN Macedonia
| | - Slavica Arsova
- 1Faculty of Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, RN Macedonia
- 2University Clinic of Psychiatry - Skopje, RN Macedonia
| | - Milos Milutinovic
- 1Faculty of Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, RN Macedonia
- 2University Clinic of Psychiatry - Skopje, RN Macedonia
| | - Stefanija Mitrovska
- 1Faculty of Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, RN Macedonia
- 2University Clinic of Psychiatry - Skopje, RN Macedonia
| | - Irena Aleksioska Papestiev
- 1Faculty of Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, RN Macedonia
- 3University Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics - Skopje, RN Macedonia
| | - Ana Daneva Markova
- 1Faculty of Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, RN Macedonia
- 3University Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics - Skopje, RN Macedonia
| | - Viktorija Jovanovska
- 1Faculty of Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, RN Macedonia
- 3University Clinic for Gynecology and Obstetrics - Skopje, RN Macedonia
| | - Ana Filipce
- 1Faculty of Medicine, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University, Skopje, RN Macedonia
- 2University Clinic of Psychiatry - Skopje, RN Macedonia
| | | | | | | | - Ana Fritzhand
- 4Department of Psychology, Faculty of Philosophy, Ss. Cyril and Methodius University in Skopje, RN Macedonia
| | - Nikolina Jovanovic
- 5Unit for Social and Community Psychiatry, WHO Collaborating Centre for Mental Health Services Development, Bart's and London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, United Kingdom
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5
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Zheng P, Afshin A, Biryukov S, Bisignano C, Brauer M, Bryazka D, Burkart K, Cercy KM, Cornaby L, Dai X, Dirac MA, Estep K, Fay KA, Feldman R, Ferrari AJ, Gakidou E, Gil GF, Griswold M, Hay SI, He J, Irvine CMS, Kassebaum NJ, LeGrand KE, Lescinsky H, Lim SS, Lo J, Mullany EC, Ong KL, Rao PC, Razo C, Reitsma MB, Roth GA, Santomauro DF, Sorensen RJD, Srinivasan V, Stanaway JD, Vollset SE, Vos T, Wang N, Welgan CA, Wozniak SS, Aravkin AY, Murray CJL. The Burden of Proof studies: assessing the evidence of risk. Nat Med 2022; 28:2038-2044. [PMID: 36216935 PMCID: PMC9556298 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-022-01973-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to risks throughout life results in a wide variety of outcomes. Objectively judging the relative impact of these risks on personal and population health is fundamental to individual survival and societal prosperity. Existing mechanisms to quantify and rank the magnitude of these myriad effects and the uncertainty in their estimation are largely subjective, leaving room for interpretation that can fuel academic controversy and add to confusion when communicating risk. We present a new suite of meta-analyses-termed the Burden of Proof studies-designed specifically to help evaluate these methodological issues objectively and quantitatively. Through this data-driven approach that complements existing systems, including GRADE and Cochrane Reviews, we aim to aggregate evidence across multiple studies and enable a quantitative comparison of risk-outcome pairs. We introduce the burden of proof risk function (BPRF), which estimates the level of risk closest to the null hypothesis that is consistent with available data. Here we illustrate the BPRF methodology for the evaluation of four exemplar risk-outcome pairs: smoking and lung cancer, systolic blood pressure and ischemic heart disease, vegetable consumption and ischemic heart disease, and unprocessed red meat consumption and ischemic heart disease. The strength of evidence for each relationship is assessed by computing and summarizing the BPRF, and then translating the summary to a simple star rating. The Burden of Proof methodology provides a consistent way to understand, evaluate and summarize evidence of risk across different risk-outcome pairs, and informs risk analysis conducted as part of the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Zheng
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ashkan Afshin
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Stan Biryukov
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Catherine Bisignano
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Michael Brauer
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- School of Population and Public Health, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, British Columbia, Canada
| | - Dana Bryazka
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Katrin Burkart
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kelly M Cercy
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Leslie Cornaby
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Xiaochen Dai
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - M Ashworth Dirac
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kara Estep
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kairsten A Fay
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Rachel Feldman
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Alize J Ferrari
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Wacol, Queensland, Australia
| | - Emmanuela Gakidou
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Gabriela Fernanda Gil
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Max Griswold
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Simon I Hay
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jiawei He
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Caleb M S Irvine
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nicholas J Kassebaum
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kate E LeGrand
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Haley Lescinsky
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Stephen S Lim
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Justin Lo
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Erin C Mullany
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Kanyin Liane Ong
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Puja C Rao
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Christian Razo
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Marissa B Reitsma
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Gregory A Roth
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Division of Cardiology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Damian F Santomauro
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- School of Public Health, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
- Queensland Centre for Mental Health Research, Wacol, Queensland, Australia
| | - Reed J D Sorensen
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Vinay Srinivasan
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Jeffrey D Stanaway
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Stein Emil Vollset
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Theo Vos
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Nelson Wang
- The George Institute for Global Health, The University of New South Wales, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Catherine A Welgan
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Sarah S Wozniak
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Aleksandr Y Aravkin
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Applied Mathematics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Christopher J L Murray
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
- Department of Health Metrics Sciences, School of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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6
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The association between dietary total antioxidant capacity with risk of rheumatoid arthritis in adults: A case–control study. Clin Nutr ESPEN 2022; 51:391-396. [DOI: 10.1016/j.clnesp.2022.07.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
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7
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Spencer CN, Baeza MJ, Chandan JK, Debure A, Herbert M, Jewell T, Khalil M, Lim RQH, Minhas S, Chandan JS, Gakidou E, Metheny N. Estimating the global health impact of gender-based violence and violence against children: a systematic review and meta-analysis protocol. BMJ Open 2022; 12:e061248. [PMID: 35768112 PMCID: PMC9240882 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2022-061248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Exposure to gender-based violence (GBV) and violence against children (VAC) can result in substantial morbidity and mortality. Previous reviews of health outcomes associated with GBV and VAC have focused on limited definitions of exposure to violence (ie, intimate partner violence) and often investigate associations only with predefined health outcomes. In this protocol, we describe a systematic review and meta-analysis for a comprehensive assessment of the impact of violence exposure on health outcomes and health-related risk factors across the life-course. METHODS AND ANALYSIS Electronic databases (PubMed, Embase, CINAHL, PsycINFO, Global Index Medicus, Cochrane and Web of Science Core Collection) will be searched from 1 January 1970 to 30 September 2021 and searches updated to the current date prior to final preparation of results. Reviewers will first screen titles and abstracts, and eligible articles will then be full-text screened and accepted should they meet all inclusion criteria. Data will be extracted using a standardised form with fields to capture study characteristics and estimates of association between violence exposure and health outcomes. Individual study quality will be assessed via six risk of bias criteria. For exposure-outcome pairs with sufficient data, evidence will be synthesised via a meta-regression-Bayesian, regularised, trimmed model and confidence in the cumulative evidence assessed via the burden of proof risk function. Where possible, variations in associations by subgroup, that is, age, sex or gender, will be explored. ETHICS AND DISSEMINATION Formal ethical approval is not required. Findings from this review will be used to inform improved estimation of GBV and VAC within the Global Burden of Disease Study. The review has been undertaken in conjunction with the Lancet Commission on GBV and the Maltreatment of Young People with the aim of providing new data insights for a report on the global response to violence. PROSPERO REGISTRATION NUMBER CRD42022299831.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cory N Spencer
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - María Jose Baeza
- School of Nursing and Health Studies, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA
| | | | - Alexandra Debure
- School of Nursing and Health Studies, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA
| | - Molly Herbert
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Teresa Jewell
- University Libraries, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Mariam Khalil
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Rachel Qian Hui Lim
- Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Sonica Minhas
- Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK
| | - Joht Singh Chandan
- Institute of Applied Health Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Emmanuela Gakidou
- Institute for Health Metrics and Evaluation, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Nicholas Metheny
- School of Nursing and Health Studies, University of Miami, Coral Gables, Florida, USA
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8
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Iverson GL, Büttner F, Caccese JB. Age of First Exposure to Contact and Collision Sports and Later in Life Brain Health: A Narrative Review. Front Neurol 2021; 12:727089. [PMID: 34659092 PMCID: PMC8511696 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.727089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 08/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
A controversial theory proposes that playing tackle football before the age of 12 causes later in life brain health problems. This theory arose from a small study of 42 retired National Football League (NFL) players, which reported that those who started playing tackle football at a younger age performed worse on selected neuropsychological tests and a word reading test. The authors concluded that these differences were likely due to greater exposure to repetitive neurotrauma during a developmentally sensitive maturational period in their lives. Several subsequent studies of current high school and collegiate contact/collision sports athletes, and former high school, collegiate, and professional tackle football players have not replicated these findings. This narrative review aims to (i) discuss the fundamental concepts, issues, and controversies surrounding existing research on age of first exposure (AFE) to contact/collision sport, and (ii) provide a balanced interpretation, including risk of bias assessment findings, of this body of evidence. Among 21 studies, 11 studies examined former athletes, 8 studies examined current athletes, and 2 studies examined both former and current athletes. Although the literature on whether younger AFE to tackle football is associated with later in life cognitive, neurobehavioral, or mental health problems in former NFL players is mixed, the largest study of retired NFL players (N = 3,506) suggested there was not a significant association between earlier AFE to organized tackle football and worse subjectively experienced cognitive functioning, depression, or anxiety. Furthermore, no published studies of current athletes show a significant association between playing tackle football (or other contact/collision sports) before the age of 12 and cognitive, neurobehavioral, or mental health problems. It is important to note that all studies were judged to be at high overall risk of bias, indicating that more methodologically rigorous research is needed to understand whether there is an association between AFE to contact/collision sports and later in life brain health. The accumulated research to date suggests that earlier AFE to contact/collision sports is not associated with worse cognitive functioning or mental health in (i) current high school athletes, (ii) current collegiate athletes, or (iii) middle-aged men who played high school football. The literature on former NFL players is mixed and does not, at present, clearly support the theory that exposure to tackle football before age 12 is associated with later in life cognitive impairment or mental health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Grant L. Iverson
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
- Spaulding Research Institute, Spaulding Rehabilitation Hospital, Charlestown, MA, United States
- Sports Concussion Program, MassGeneral Hospital for Children, Boston, MA, United States
- Home Base, A Red Sox Foundation and Massachusetts General Hospital Program, Charlestown, MA, United States
| | - Fionn Büttner
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Jaclyn B. Caccese
- School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, The Ohio State University College of Medicine, Columbus, OH, United States
- Chronic Brain Injury Program, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH, United States
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Eshraghi Y, Chakravarthy K, Strand NH, Shirvalkar P, Schuster NM, Abdallah RT, Vallejo R, Sayed D, Kim D, Kim C, Meacham K, Deer T. The American Society of Pain and Neuroscience (ASPN) Practical Guidelines to Study Design and Scientific Manuscript Preparation in Neuromodulation. J Pain Res 2021; 14:1027-1041. [PMID: 33889019 PMCID: PMC8057952 DOI: 10.2147/jpr.s295502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Healthcare clinical and even policy decisions are progressively made based on research-based evidence. The process by which the appropriate trials are developed and well-written manuscripts by means of evidence-based medicine recommendations has resulted in unprecedented necessity in evidence-based medicine in neuromodulation. Methods The essential considerations in the planning of neuromodulation research are discussed in the light of available scientific literature as well as the authors’ scientific expertise regarding research study design and scientific manuscript preparation. Conclusion This article should enable the reader to understand how to appropriately design a clinical research study and prepare scientific manuscripts. The high-quality and well-designed studies, when performed and reported effectively, support evidence-based medicine and foster improved patient outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashar Eshraghi
- Department of Anesthesia, Interventional Pain Management, Ochsner Health System, New Orleans, LA, USA.,University of Queensland Ochsner Clinical School. Academics Department, Ochsner Health System, New Orleans, LA, USA.,Louisiana State University School of Medicine, New Orleans, LA, USA
| | - Krishnan Chakravarthy
- Division of Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA.,VA San Diego Health Care, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Natalie H Strand
- Division of Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, Mayo Clinic, Phoenix, Arizona, USA
| | - Prasad Shirvalkar
- Department of Anesthesiology (Pain Management), Department of Neurology, UCSF School of Medicine, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nathaniel M Schuster
- Division of Pain Medicine, Department of Anesthesiology, University of California San Diego, San Diego, CA, USA
| | - Rany T Abdallah
- Center for Interventional Pain and Spine, Wilmington, DE, USA
| | - Ricardo Vallejo
- National Spine and Pain Center, Bloomington, IL, USA.,Psychology Department, Illinois Wesleyan University, Bloomington, IL, USA
| | - Dawood Sayed
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - David Kim
- University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS, USA
| | - Chong Kim
- Departments of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and Anesthesiology, Case Western Reserve University/MetroHealth, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Kathleen Meacham
- Division of Pain Management, Department of Anesthesiology, Washington University School of Medicine, St Louis, MO
| | - Timothy Deer
- The Spine and Nerve Center of the Virginias, Charleston, WV, USA.,West Virginia University, School of Medicine, Charleston, WV, USA
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Mousavi SM, Milajerdi A, Pouraram H, Saadatnia M, Shakeri F, Keshteli AH, Tan SC, Esmaillzadeh A. Adherence to Alternative Healthy Eating Index (AHEI-2010) is not associated with risk of stroke in Iranian adults: A case-control study. INT J VITAM NUTR RES 2019; 91:48-55. [PMID: 31259666 DOI: 10.1024/0300-9831/a000603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Background: Stroke is a major global health problem that contributes to a significant burden of morbidity and mortality. The association of several foods and nutrients with stroke has been well-established. However, the effect of the whole diet on stroke is poorly understood. In this work, we aimed to examine the association between the quality of whole diet, as measured using Alternate Healthy Eating Index-2010 (AHEI-2010), and risk of stroke in Iranian adults. Methods: In this hospital-based case-control study, 193 stroke patients (diagnosed based on clinical and brain CT findings) and 193 controls with no history of cerebrovascular diseases or neurologic disorders were included. The participants' dietary intakes were examined using a validated 168-item semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire. AHEI-2010 was constructed based on earlier studies. Participants were classified according to tertiles of AHEI-2010 scores and multivariate logistic regression was used to evaluate the association between whole diet quality and risk of stroke. Results: Individuals with greater adherence to AHEI-2010 had a higher intake of fruits, vegetables, nuts and legumes, whole grains and carbohydrate, and a lower intake of trans-fatty acids, sugar-sweetened beverages, total energy and fat (P < 0.05). After adjusting for potential confounders, adherence to AHEI-2010 was not significantly associated with a reduced risk of stroke (OR: 0.92; 95% CI: 0.56-1.51). Conclusion: We found that adherence to AHEI-2010 was not associated with risk of stroke in Iranian adults. Further prospective studies are warranted to validate this finding and clarify the relationship between whole diet and stroke.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyed Mohammad Mousavi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Students' Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences (TUMS), Tehran, Iran
| | - Alireza Milajerdi
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamed Pouraram
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Saadatnia
- Isfahan Neuroscience Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Forough Shakeri
- Medical Students' Research Center, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
| | | | - Shing Cheng Tan
- UKM Medical Molecular Biology Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Ahmad Esmaillzadeh
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.,Food Security Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutrition and Food Science, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran
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11
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The association between coffee consumption and bladder cancer in the bladder cancer epidemiology and nutritional determinants (BLEND) international pooled study. Cancer Causes Control 2019; 30:859-870. [PMID: 31147895 PMCID: PMC8985651 DOI: 10.1007/s10552-019-01191-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/25/2019] [Accepted: 05/25/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background Inconsistent results for coffee consumption and bladder cancer (BC) risk have been shown in epidemiological studies. This research aims to increase the understanding of the association between coffee consumption and BC risk by bringing together worldwide case–control studies on this topic. Methods Data were collected from 13 case–control comprising of 5,911 cases and 16,172 controls. Pooled multivariate odds ratios (ORs), with corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs), were obtained using multilevel logistic regression models. Furthermore, linear dose–response relationships were examined using fractional polynomial models. Results No association of BC risk was observed with coffee consumption among smokers. However, after adjustment for age, gender, and smoking, the risk was significantly increased for never smokers (ever vs. never coffee consumers: ORmodel2 1.30, 95% CI 1.06–1.59; heavy (> 4 cups/day) coffee consumers vs. never coffee consumers: ORmodel2 1.52, 95% CI 1.18–1.97, p trend = 0.23). In addition, dose–response analyses, in both the overall population and among never smokers, also showed a significant increased BC risk for coffee consumption of more than four cups per day. Among smokers, a significant increased BC risk was shown only after consumption of more than six cups per day. Conclusion This research suggests that positive associations between coffee consumption and BC among never smokers but not smokers.
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Malmir H, Shayanfar M, Mohammad-Shirazi M, Tabibi H, Sharifi G, Esmaillzadeh A. Tea and coffee consumption in relation to glioma: a case-control study. Eur J Nutr 2017; 58:103-111. [PMID: 29124385 DOI: 10.1007/s00394-017-1575-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2017] [Accepted: 10/31/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Data on the link between tea and coffee consumption and risk of glioma are controversial. We aimed to examine the association between tea and coffee consumption and glioma in Iranian adults. METHODS In this hospital-based case-control study, we enrolled 128 pathologically confirmed new cases of glioma and 256 age- and sex-matched controls. Dietary intakes of study participants including tea and coffee consumption was assessed using the validated Block-format 123-item semi-quantitative FFQ. Participants were categorized based on tertiles of tea and coffee consumption. Data on potential confounders were also collected through the use of pre-tested questionnaire. RESULTS Individuals with the greatest tea consumption were less likely to have glioma compared with those with the lowest consumption (0.36; 0.20-0.68). This inverse association was not changed after controlling for energy intake. The association remained statistically significant even after taking other potential confounders, including dietary intakes of red and processed meats, legumes and nuts, fruits, salt and mutual effects of tea and coffee consumption, into account (0.33; 0.13-0.86). Additional adjustments for BMI did not alter the association. After controlling for potential confounders, including dietary intakes and BMI, coffee consumption was inversely associated with odds of glioma; such that individuals in the top category of coffee consumption were 91% less likely to have glioma compared with those in the bottom category (0.09; 0.03-0.24). Considering coffee and tea intake combined, those in the highest tertile were 65% less likely to have glioma compared with those in the lowest tertile (0.35; 0.15-0.83). CONCLUSION We found an inverse association between tea and coffee consumption and odds of glioma, even after controlling for a wide range of confounders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hanieh Malmir
- Students' Scientific Research Center, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 14155-6117, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mehdi Shayanfar
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Minoo Mohammad-Shirazi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hadi Tabibi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition and Dietetics, National Nutrition and Food Technology Research Institute, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Giuve Sharifi
- Department of Neurosurgery, Loghman Hakim Hospital, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ahmad Esmaillzadeh
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Department of Community Nutrition, School of Nutritional Sciences and Dietetics, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, PO Box 14155-6117, Tehran, Iran.
- Food Security Research Center, Department of Community Nutrition, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran.
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Wesselius A, Zeegers M. Re: Lifestyle and bladder cancer prevention: no consistent evidence from cohort studies. Eur J Epidemiol 2017; 32:1037-1038. [PMID: 28929300 DOI: 10.1007/s10654-017-0307-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anke Wesselius
- Department of Complex Genetics, School of Nutrition, and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, P. O. Box 616, 6200 MS, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Maurice Zeegers
- Department of Complex Genetics, School of Nutrition, and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Maastricht University Medical Centre, P. O. Box 616, 6200 MS, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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Abstract
OBJECTIVES To conduct the first systematic review from an epidemiological perspective regarding the association between high-heeled shoe wear and hallux valgus, musculoskeletal pain, osteoarthritis (OA) and both first-party and second-party injury in human participants without prior musculoskeletal conditions. SETTING A systematic review of international peer-reviewed scientific literature across seven major languages. DATA SOURCES Searches were conducted on seven major bibliographic databases in July 2015 to initially identify all scholarly articles on high-heeled shoes. Supplementary manual searches were conducted. Titles, abstracts and full-text articles were sequentially screened to identify all articles assessing epidemiological evidence regarding the association between high-heeled shoe wear and hallux valgus, musculoskeletal pain, OA and both first-party and second-party injury in human participants without prior musculoskeletal conditions. Standardised data extraction and quality assessment (Threats to Validity tool) were conducted. PRIMARY AND SECONDARY OUTCOME MEASURES Musculoskeletal pain or OA as assessed by clinical diagnosis or clinical assessment tool. First-party or second-party injury. RESULTS 644 unique records were identified, 56 full-text articles were screened and 18 studies included in the review. Four studies assessed the relationship with hallux valgus and three found a significant association. Two studies assessed the association with OA and neither found a significant association. Five studies assessed the association with musculoskeletal pain and three found a significant association. Eight studies assessed first-party injury and seven found evidence of a significant injury toll associated with high-heeled shoes. One study provided data on second-party injury and the injury toll was low. CONCLUSIONS High-heeled shoes were shown to be associated with hallux valgus, musculoskeletal pain and first-party injury. No conclusive evidence regarding OA and second-party injury was found. Societal and clinical relevance of these findings is discussed. Concern is expressed about the expectation to wear high-heeled shoes in some work and social situations and access by children.
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Aluko A, DeSouza L, Peacock J. The Effect of Core Stability Exercises on Variations in Acceleration of Trunk Movement, Pain, and Disability During an Episode of Acute Nonspecific Low Back Pain: A Pilot Clinical Trial. J Manipulative Physiol Ther 2013; 36:497-504.e1-3. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jmpt.2012.12.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Revised: 12/11/2012] [Accepted: 12/27/2012] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Grant AM. ROI is a poor measure of coaching success: towards a more holistic approach using a well-being and engagement framework. COACHING-AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF THEORY RESEARCH AND PRACTICE 2012. [DOI: 10.1080/17521882.2012.672438] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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17
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Karlson EW, Deane K. Environmental and gene-environment interactions and risk of rheumatoid arthritis. Rheum Dis Clin North Am 2012; 38:405-26. [PMID: 22819092 DOI: 10.1016/j.rdc.2012.04.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 108] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Multiple environmental factors including hormones, dietary factors, infections, and exposure to tobacco smoke, as well as gene-environment interactions, have been associated with increased risk for rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The growing understanding of the prolonged period before the first onset of symptoms of RA suggests that these environmental and genetic factors are likely acting to drive the development of RA-related autoimmunity long before the appearance of the first joint symptoms and clinical findings that are characteristic of RA. This article reviews these factors and interactions, especially those that have been investigated in a prospective fashion before the symptomatic onset of RA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth W Karlson
- Section of Clinical Sciences, Division of Rheumatology, Allergy and Immunology, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 75 Francis Street, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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Investigating helmet promotion for cyclists: results from a randomised study with observation of behaviour, using a semi-automatic video system. PLoS One 2012; 7:e31651. [PMID: 22355384 PMCID: PMC3280326 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0031651] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2011] [Accepted: 01/17/2012] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Half of fatal injuries among bicyclists are head injuries. While helmet use is likely to provide protection, their use often remains rare. We assessed the influence of strategies for promotion of helmet use with direct observation of behaviour by a semi-automatic video system. Methods We performed a single-centre randomised controlled study, with 4 balanced randomisation groups. Participants were non-helmet users, aged 18–75 years, recruited at a loan facility in the city of Bordeaux, France. After completing a questionnaire investigating their attitudes towards road safety and helmet use, participants were randomly assigned to three groups with the provision of “helmet only”, “helmet and information” or “information only”, and to a fourth control group. Bikes were labelled with a colour code designed to enable observation of helmet use by participants while cycling, using a 7-spot semi-automatic video system located in the city. A total of 1557 participants were included in the study. Results Between October 15th 2009 and September 28th 2010, 2621 cyclists' movements, made by 587 participants, were captured by the video system. Participants seen at least once with a helmet amounted to 6.6% of all observed participants, with higher rates in the two groups that received a helmet at baseline. The likelihood of observed helmet use was significantly increased among participants of the “helmet only” group (OR = 7.73 [2.09–28.5]) and this impact faded within six months following the intervention. No effect of information delivery was found. Conclusion Providing a helmet may be of value, but will not be sufficient to achieve high rates of helmet wearing among adult cyclists. Integrated and repeated prevention programmes will be needed, including free provision of helmets, but also information on the protective effect of helmets and strategies to increase peer and parental pressure.
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The use of a new virtual cohort study design to investigate an outbreak of E. coli O157 linked to a supermarket delicatessen. Epidemiol Infect 2010; 138:1439-42. [DOI: 10.1017/s0950268810000257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
SUMMARYIn outbreaks of foodborne disease associated with retail outlets, the outlet often closes as a precaution before the specific food vehicle has been identified. Suspect food vehicles may be named as part of general control measures. A conventional case-control study cannot be performed because both cases and potential controls are likely to be aware of the hypothesis and therefore potentially biased. Modern sales recording systems in many food retail outlets may provide a basis for constructing a virtual cohort and allow a statistical inference to be made about various possible vehicles of infection. In 2007, an outbreak of E. coli O157 infection in Paisley, Scotland, was linked to cooked meat from a supermarket delicatessen using descriptive epidemiology. Construction of a virtual cohort allowed a relative risk and confidence interval to be estimated which supported the hypothesis of cooked beef topside being the vehicle of infection. This novel method could be valuable in the investigation of future outbreaks.
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Gefeller O. Invited commentary: Recall bias in melanoma -- much ado about almost nothing? Am J Epidemiol 2009; 169:267-70; discussion 271-2. [PMID: 19011114 DOI: 10.1093/aje/kwn362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Recall bias has been given considerable attention in textbooks and methodological research because of its potential to jeopardize the validity of epidemiologic results. Case-control studies on self-reported ultraviolet radiation exposure as a risk factor for melanoma have been described as especially prone to the deleterious effect of recall bias because of the growing public awareness about these risks. Using an ideal test-retest design in a large nested case-control study, Parr et al. (Am J Epidemiol. 2009;169(3):257-266) examined to what extent recall bias in melanoma risk factors is actually identifiable and which consequences its presence has on effect estimates of these risk factors. They found only minor indications of recall bias, showing an inconsistent overall pattern and a quite negligible effect on risk estimates. Recall bias was not observed in those exposures where it was most expected (solarium use and other ultraviolet radiation-related exposures). Their findings cannot be used as an argument that future case-control studies in melanoma epidemiology should be avoided because of the biasing effect of recall bias.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaf Gefeller
- Department of Medical Informatics, Biometry, and Epidemiology, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany.
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Cardy AH, Little J, McKean-Cowdin R, Lijinsky W, Choi NW, Cordier S, Filippini G, Holly EA, Lubin F, McCredie M, Mueller BA, Peris-Bonet R, Arslan A, Preston-Martin S. Maternal medication use and the risk of brain tumors in the offspring: the SEARCH international case-control study. Int J Cancer 2006; 118:1302-8. [PMID: 16161045 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.21482] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
N-nitroso compounds (NOC) have been associated with carcinogenesis in a wide range of species, including humans. There is strong experimental data showing that nitrosamides (R(1)NNO.COR(2)), a type of NOC, are potent neuro-carcinogens when administered transplacentally. Some medications are a concentrated source of amides or amines, which in the presence of nitrites under normal acidic conditions of the stomach can form NOC. Therefore, these compounds, when ingested by women during pregnancy, may be important risk factors for tumors of the central nervous system in the offspring. The aim of the present study was to test the association between maternal use of medications that contain nitrosatable amines or amides and risk of primary childhood brain tumors (CBT). A case-control study was conducted, which included 1,218 cases and 2,223 population controls, recruited from 9 centers across North America, Europe and Australia. Analysis was conducted for all participants combined, by tumor type (astroglial, primitive neuroectodermal tumors and other glioma), and by age at diagnosis (< or =5 years; >5 years). There were no significant associations between maternal intake of medication containing nitrosatable amines or amides and CBT, for all participants combined and after stratification by age at diagnosis and histological subtype. This is the largest case-control study of CBT and maternal medications to date. Our data provide little support for an association between maternal use of medications that may form NOC and subsequent development of CBT in the offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda H Cardy
- Department of Public Health, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen AB25 2ZD, Scotland, United Kingdom.
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Leonard H, Moore H, Carey M, Fyfe S, Hall S, Robertson L, Wu XR, Bao X, Pan H, Christodoulou J, Williamson S, Klerk ND. Genotype and early development in Rett syndrome: the value of international data. Brain Dev 2005; 27 Suppl 1:S59-S68. [PMID: 16182492 DOI: 10.1016/j.braindev.2005.03.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2004] [Revised: 10/01/2004] [Accepted: 03/05/2005] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rett syndrome is a neurodevelopmental disorder mostly affecting females and caused by mutations in the MECP2 gene. Originally the syndrome was characterised as having a normal prenatal and perinatal period with later regression. Previous work has speculated that the girl with Rett syndrome may not be normal at birth. AIMS to examine whether early development between birth and ten months varies by genotype in Rett syndrome. METHODS cases were sourced from two databases, the Australian Rett Syndrome Database (est. 1993) and the newly formed InterRett - IRSA Rett Phenotype Database. Data available on 320 cases included information provided by parents on perinatal problems, early developmental behaviour and mobility. Problem scores, mobility scores and a total composite score for each mutation were generated and compared. RESULTS overall, 58% of respondents noted unusual behaviour during the first six months and 70.6% from the period between 6 and 10 months of life. Statistically significant differences were detected between some of the common mutations. Infants with R294X (P=0.05) and R133C (P=0.03) were less likely than those with R255X to have problems in the perinatal period. The most severe profile overall for early development was associated with mutations R255X and R270X. CONCLUSION This is the largest study to date examining the effects of individual mutations in Rett syndrome. With the ongoing case ascertainment and expansion of InterRett, sample size will increase rapidly and provide improved statistical power for future analyses. Results from this study will contribute to understanding the mechanism of early development in Rett syndrome and determining if and at which time(s) early intervention might be feasible.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen Leonard
- Telethon Institute for Child Health Research, Centre for Child Health Research, The University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia.
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Yawn BP, Fryer GE, Phillips RL, Dovey SM, Lanier D, Green LA. Using the ecology model to describe the impact of asthma on patterns of health care. BMC Pulm Med 2005; 5:7. [PMID: 15885147 PMCID: PMC1134664 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2466-5-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2004] [Accepted: 05/10/2005] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Asthma changes both the volume and patterns of healthcare of affected people. Most studies of asthma health care utilization have been done in selected insured populations or in a single site such as the emergency department. Asthma is an ambulatory sensitive care condition making it important to understand the relationship between care in all sites across the health service spectrum. Asthma is also more common in people with fewer economic resources making it important to include people across all types of insurance and no insurance categories. The ecology of medical care model may provide a useful framework to describe the use of health services in people with asthma compared to those without asthma and identify subgroups with apparent gaps in care. METHODS This is a case-control study using the 1999 U.S. Medical Expenditure Panel Survey. Cases are school-aged children (6 to 17 years) and young adults (18 to 44 years) with self-reported asthma. Controls are from the same age groups who have no self-reported asthma. Descriptive analyses and risk ratios are placed within the ecology of medical care model and used to describe and compare the healthcare contact of cases and controls across multiple settings. RESULTS In 1999, the presence of asthma significantly increased the likelihood of an ambulatory care visit by 20 to 30% and more than doubled the likelihood of making one or more visits to the emergency department (ED). Yet, 18.8% of children and 14.5% of adults with asthma (over a million Americans) had no ambulatory care visits for asthma. About one in 20 to 35 people with asthma (5.2% of children and 3.6% of adults) were seen in the ED or hospital but had no prior or follow-up ambulatory care visits. These Americans were more likely to be uninsured, have no usual source of care and live in metropolitan areas. CONCLUSION The ecology model confirmed that having asthma changes the likelihood and pattern of care for Americans. More importantly, the ecology model identified a subgroup with asthma who sought only emergent or hospital services.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara P Yawn
- Department of Research, Olmsted Medical Center, Rochester, MN. 55904, USA
| | | | | | - Susan M Dovey
- Robert Graham Policy Center, Washington, DC 20036, USA
| | - David Lanier
- Center for Primary Care, Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality, Washington, DC, 20850, USA
| | - Larry A Green
- Robert Graham Policy Center, Washington, DC 20036, USA
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Moore LE, Gold L, Stewart PA, Gridley G, Prince JR, Zahm SH. Parental occupational exposures and Ewing's sarcoma. Int J Cancer 2005; 114:472-8. [PMID: 15551353 DOI: 10.1002/ijc.20734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
A case-control study of Ewing's sarcoma (ES) was conducted to search for occupational exposures associated with ES. The study consisted of 196 cases and 196 random-digit controls matched on geographical region, gender, ethnic origin and birth date. A questionnaire was administered to mothers of participants to obtain information on medical conditions, medications, and parental occupations during and after the index pregnancy. An occupational exposure expert coded jobs and industries for possible and probable exposure to selected occupational hazards. Risk of ES was increased with probable parental exposure to wood dusts during their usual occupation post pregnancy (odds ration [OR] = 3.2; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 1.1-9.2). Other exposures, including a priori suspected risk factors such as exposure to pesticides and farm animals, were not significantly associated with ES. A history of household pesticide extermination was associated with ES among boys aged 15 or younger (OR = 3.0; 95% CI = 1.1-8.1), but not among girls or older boys. Our results suggest that earlier reports of associations of ES with parental farm employment may have been describing risks associated with organic dusts encountered when working on a farm, rather than agricultural exposures or other farming related exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee E Moore
- Division of Cancer Epidemiology and Genetics, NCI, NIH, DHHS, Bethesda, MD 20892-7249, USA.
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25
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Abstract
The epidemiologic approach enables the systematic evaluation of potential improvements in the safety and efficacy of drug treatment which might result from targeting treatment on the basis of genomic information. The main epidemiologic designs are the randomized control trial, the cohort study, and the case-control study, and derivatives of these proposed for investigating gene-environment interactions. However, no one design is ideal for every situation, and methodological issues, notably selection bias, information bias, confounding and chance, all play a part in determining which study design is best for a given situation. There is also a need to employ a range of different designs to establish a portfolio of evidence about specific gene-drug interactions. In view of the complexity of gene-drug interactions, pooling of data across studies is likely to be needed in order to have adequate statistical power to test hypotheses. We suggest that there may be opportunities (i) to exploit samples from trials already completed to investigate possible gene-drug interactions; (ii) to consider the use of the case-only design nested within randomized controlled trials as a possible means of reducing genotyping costs when dichotomous outcomes are being investigated; and (iii) to make use of population-based disease registries that can be linked with tissue samples, treatment information and death records, to investigate gene-treatment interactions in survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Little
- Department of Epidemiology and Community Medicine, University of Ottawa, 451 Smyth Rd, Ottawa, Ontario K1H 8M5, Canada.
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate presenting signs and symptoms of ovarian cancer and stage of tumor in a community cohort of women with the diagnosis of ovarian cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS We reviewed retrospectively the medical records of all women who sought primary and specialty care in Olmsted County, Minnesota, between January 1, 1985, and December 31, 1997, to evaluate presenting symptoms, time from first symptom to diagnosis of ovarian cancer, and stage of tumor at diagnosis. RESULTS Of 107 women with a diagnosis of ovarian cancer, the most commonly documented presenting symptom was crampy abdominal pain. Urinary symptoms and abdominal pain were the most commonly documented presenting symptom in patients with stage I and II ovarian cancers, whereas abdominal pain and increased abdominal girth were the most commonly documented symptoms in patients with stage III and IV cancer. Approximately 15% of tumors (n = 15) were found during routine evaluations or during a procedure for another problem. Less than 25% of presenting symptoms (n = 24 women) related directly to the pelvis or were more traditional gynecologic symptoms. Delays in women seeking medical care, health care system issues, competing medical conditions, physicians' failure to follow up, and women not returning for follow-up were associated with longer time to diagnosis. CONCLUSION Both stage I and II cancer are associated with symptoms, but few symptoms are directly related to the reproductive pelvic organs or unique to ovarian cancer. A longer interval from first sign or symptom to diagnosis of ovarian cancer is associated with both patient and health care system factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Barbara P Yawn
- Department of Research, Olmsted Medical Center, 210 Ninth St SE, Rochester, MN 55904, USA.
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Figueiredo JC, Knight JA, Briollais L, Andrulis IL, Ozcelik H. Polymorphisms XRCC1- R399Q and XRCC3- T241M and the Risk of Breast Cancer at the Ontario Site of the Breast Cancer Family Registry. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev 2004. [DOI: 10.1158/1055-9965.583.13.4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
This study investigates the role of two nonsynonymous single nucleotide polymorphisms in DNA repair genes, X-ray repair cross-complementing group 1 (XRCC1)-R399Q and X-ray repair cross-complementing group 3 (XRCC3)-T241M, in breast cancer. Incident cases of invasive breast cancer in Caucasian women [n = 402, mean age = 45.7 (SD = 6.2) years] and female Caucasian controls [n = 402, mean age = 45.2 (6.5) years] frequency matched on 5-year age intervals were identified from the Ontario Familial Breast Cancer Registry. No evidence for a main effect of the XRCC1-R399Q genotype on breast cancer risk was observed. Estimates of risk for a family history (FH) of breast cancer compared with no FH differed by XRCC1-R399Q genotype (P value for interaction = 0.001). Homozygote XRCC1-399 R/R individuals and FH+ were at a 2.92-fold [95% confidence interval (95% CI) = 1.47–5.79] increased risk of disease compared with FH− individuals; the estimate of risk increased for R/Q heterozygotes with FH+ [odds ratio (OR) = 3.85, 95% CI = 1.94–7.65] but not for Q/Q homozygotes with FH+ (OR = 0.54, 95% CI = 0.20–1.47) compared with homozygous R/R and FH− individuals. A marginal positive association for XRCC3-241 M/M compared with T/T genotype was found (OR = 1.44, 95% CI = 0.94–2.19), but the heterozygous T/M was not associated with an increase in risk (OR = 0.96, 95% CI = 0.71–1.32). There was also some evidence for a combined effect of body mass index and XRCC3-T241M on estimates of risk. Our results suggest that these polymorphisms may influence breast cancer risk by modifying the effect of risk factors such as FH. There is a need for further study into the role of these polymorphisms as effect modifiers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jane C. Figueiredo
- 1Fred A. Litwin Centre for Cancer Genetics,
- 2Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics,
- 4Public Health Sciences and
| | - Julia A. Knight
- 2Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics,
- 4Public Health Sciences and
| | - Laurent Briollais
- 2Division of Epidemiology and Biostatistics,
- 4Public Health Sciences and
| | - Irene L. Andrulis
- 1Fred A. Litwin Centre for Cancer Genetics,
- 3Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada and Departments of
- 5Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
| | - Hilmi Ozcelik
- 1Fred A. Litwin Centre for Cancer Genetics,
- 3Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Samuel Lunenfeld Research Institute, Mount Sinai Hospital, Toronto, ON, Canada and Departments of
- 5Laboratory Medicine and Pathobiology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON, Canada
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Harlow BL, Cohen LS, Otto MW, Spiegelman D, Cramer DW. Early life menstrual characteristics and pregnancy experiences among women with and without major depression: the Harvard study of moods and cycles. J Affect Disord 2004; 79:167-76. [PMID: 15023491 DOI: 10.1016/s0165-0327(02)00459-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2002] [Accepted: 10/29/2002] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Other than premenstrual dysphoria, few studies have examined the extent to which basic characteristics of the menstrual cycle and the occurrence of other reproductive landmarks impact on the risk of major depression. METHODS From a population-based sample of 4161 premenopausal women 36-45 years of age, we identified 332 women who met DSM criteria for past or current major depression and a sample of 644 women with no such history. In person interviews included a detailed assessment of menstrual cycle characteristics from age at menarche through study enrollment as well as other reproductive landmarks. RESULTS Risk of depression increased significantly with decreasing age at menarche (P<0.001). The risk of depression was also higher in women with heavier menstrual flow and cycle irregularity during the first 5 years of menstruation. Women with a history of multiple abortions were 2-3-times more likely to develop major depression (95% CI 1.6-4.1). Increasing months of breastfeeding was associated with a decreased risk of depression after adjustment for education, marital status, and number of livebirths (P-value, test of trend=0.012). This association was largely confined to depression during the postpartum period. LIMITATIONS Menstrual and pregnancy history exposures were self-reported and retrospectively assessed. However, women with and without a HISTORY of depression were subject to similar recall requirements that likely resulted in an underestimate of most risk estimates. CONCLUSIONS Clinicians involved in routine obstetrical and gynecological care of women need to recognize that menstrual and pregnancy history events may serve as potential markers for subsequent psychiatric sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bernard L Harlow
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Epidemiology Center at Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA.
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Henderson A, Laing RW, Langley SEM. Quality of Life Following Treatment for Early Prostate Cancer: Does Low Dose Rate (LDR) Brachytherapy Offer a Better Outcome? A Review. Eur Urol 2004; 45:134-41. [PMID: 14733996 DOI: 10.1016/j.eururo.2003.09.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Due to a lack of evidence from randomised studies, there is little agreement on the best form of treatment among men who require curative treatment for prostate cancer. The relative impact of the various treatments on symptoms and health-related quality of life is also controversial. We review the literature on quality of life changes following low dose rate brachytherapy (BXT) and compare BXT to other treatments for early prostate cancer. METHODS Systematic literature review 1988-2003 (Medline). KEYWORDS Brachytherapy; Radical prostatectomy; External beam radiotherapy; Quality of life; Symptoms. RESULTS Review of the current literature suggests that radical prostatectomy, external beam radiotherapy and BXT either alone or in combination with supplementary external beam radiotherapy offer good long-term health-related quality of life. However differences exist in the toxicity of treatment in terms of erectile function, voiding difficulty, incontinence and bowel function. These differences seem to persist for at least 3-5 years post-treatment though longer-term quality of life outcomes from modern techniques are unknown. CONCLUSION BXT offers a high probability of maintaining continence, potency and normal rectal function though both storage and voiding urinary symptoms have been reported. Addition of androgen deprivation and EBRT to BXT may increase urinary, bowel and sexual toxicity of treatment. Quality of life outcome following brachytherapy compares favourably with other radical treatment options for the management of early prostate cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alastair Henderson
- Department of Urology, Royal Surrey County Hospital, St. Luke's Cancer Center, Egerton Road, GU2 5XX. Guildford, UK.
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Vickers K, McNally RJ. Panic Disorder and Suicide Attempt in the National Comorbidity Survey. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL PSYCHOLOGY 2004; 113:582-91. [PMID: 15535790 DOI: 10.1037/0021-843x.113.4.582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Clinical and some epidemiological data conflict concerning the likelihood of suicide attempt in individuals with panic disorder (PD). The purpose of this study was to illuminate the panic disorder-suicide attempt association in the National Comorbidity Survey (NCS; R. C. Kessler et al., 1994). Specifically, suicide attempt histories of those 5,872 respondents answering "yes" or "no" to the suicide attempt question were regressed against lifetime diagnostic histories. Lifetime PD history, in the presence of other disorders, was unrelated to elevated risk of suicide attempt and did not account for additional variance. PD respondents who had made a suicide attempt were characterized by Comorbidity. Epidemiological respondents with lifetime histories of PD alone are not at heightened risk for self-reported suicide attempt.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Vickers
- Department of Psychology, Harvard University, 33 Kirkland Street, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA.
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31
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Pogoda JM, Preston-Martin S. Radiation exposure from diagnostic imaging: agreement between self-report and medical records. HEALTH PHYSICS 2002; 83:907-917. [PMID: 12467299 DOI: 10.1097/00004032-200212000-00019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Data on diagnostic imaging procedures from a highly structured interview were compared to medical records in a case-control study of radiography and acute myelogenous leukemia. Three hundred and twenty-eight cases and 315 controls (78% of participants) had medical records available from an average of 71% of providers. Proxies were used for 49% of cases because of rapid fatality. Mean agreement (number of procedures in medical records subtracted from number in interview) showed similar levels of overreporting in cases [0.6; 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.0, 1.1] and controls (0.7; CI: 0.2, 1.3) with few procedures (<= 10). Most participants with more procedures underreported exposure, and underreporting increased with increasing exposure, especially among cases [mean (CI) agreement = -2.1 (-4.3, 0.0) for 11-20 procedures, -6.4 (-13.6, 0.7) for >20 procedures] and case proxies. High-dose, fluoroscopic, and non-routine procedures were self-reported more accurately than low-dose, non-fluoroscopic, and routine procedures, respectively (p < 0.01 for each comparison), and tended to be underreported. Case-control differences in agreement were non-significant for these categories of procedures. We conclude that diagnostic imaging procedures of most interest to the AML-radiography hypothesis are self-reported accurately but that underreporting does occur and might lead to attenuated risk estimates.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Recall bias remains a concern in case-control studies, although few investigations have found evidence of differential recall. This study examined whether differences in occupational exposure reporting occur in volunteered vs. prompted questionnaire responses. METHODS In a large, population-based, case-control study of a childhood cancer, neuroblastoma, we calculated odds ratios for broad occupational exposure groups on the assumption that in the absence of recall bias, risk estimates for such broad groupings should be close to the null value. RESULTS Prompted exposures and work activities showed little evidence of differential recall by parents of cases and controls (all OR < 1.2), but case parents were more likely to volunteer information about other exposures or activities (ORs: 1.35-1.71). Case mothers were also more likely than control mothers to report activities involving indirect exposure (OR = 1.41). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that prompted exposure questions are less likely to be subject to recall bias than open-ended questions.
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Affiliation(s)
- K Teschke
- Department of Health Care and Epidemiology, 5804 Fairview Avenue, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC, Canada V6T1Z3.
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33
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Litwin MS, McGuigan KA. Accuracy of recall in health-related quality-of-life assessment among men treated for prostate cancer. J Clin Oncol 1999; 17:2882-8. [PMID: 10561366 DOI: 10.1200/jco.1999.17.9.2882] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the accuracy of patient recall of health-related quality of life (HRQOL) in men who have undergone radical prostatectomy for early-stage prostate cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS Patients enrolled onto a longitudinal, observational cohort study of HRQOL after radical prostatectomy for early-stage prostate cancer were asked to assess their baseline HRQOL before surgery. They were later asked to recall their baseline HRQOL at intervals of 7 to 37 months after surgery. The two views of baseline HRQOL (actual and recall) were compared. HRQOL was measured with established instruments (the RAND 12-Item Short-Form Health Survey and a validated short form of the University of California Los Angeles Prostate Cancer Index) that addressed impairment in the physical, mental, urinary, bowel, and sexual domains. RESULTS Overall, recall was poor. Patients tended to remember their baseline HRQOL as being better than it actually was. This effect was particularly striking for urinary and sexual function. Greater education and younger age diminished this effect in some domains. The effect did not vary with time since surgery. CONCLUSION Men undergoing radical prostatectomy for early-stage prostate cancer do not accurately recall their pretreatment HRQOL when asked several months or years later. This recall bias is constant throughout a period of 6 months to 3 years after surgery. By collecting data before treatment and observing subjects longitudinally, investigators can ensure that HRQOL changes are analyzed in the context of any impairment that may have been present at baseline. If a longitudinal study is not feasible, then great caution must be used if patients are asked to recall their pretreatment HRQOL.
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Affiliation(s)
- M S Litwin
- Departments of Urology and Health Services, University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, and RAND Health Program, Santa Monica, CA 90095-1738, USA.
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Wolfe J, Proctor SP, Erickson DJ, Heeren T, Friedman MJ, Huang MT, Sutker PB, Vasterling JJ, White RF. Relationship of psychiatric status to Gulf War veterans' health problems. Psychosom Med 1999; 61:532-40. [PMID: 10443762 DOI: 10.1097/00006842-199907000-00018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE A growing body of research has shown that there are important links between certain psychiatric disorders and health symptom reporting. Two disorders in particular (posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and major depression) have been the most widely implicated to date, and this association has sometimes been used to explain the occurrence of ill-defined medical problems and increased somatic symptoms in certain groups, most recently Gulf War veterans. METHODS Structured psychiatric diagnostic interviews were used to examine the presence of major psychiatric (axis I) disorders and their relation to health symptom reporting in a well-characterized, stratified subset of Gulf War veterans and a non-Gulf-deployed veteran comparison group. RESULTS Rates of most psychiatric disorders were substantially lower than national comorbidity estimates, consistent with prior studies showing heightened physical and emotional well-being among active-duty military personnel. Rates of PTSD and major depression, however, were significantly elevated relative to the veteran comparison group. The diagnosis of PTSD showed a small but significant association with increased health symptom reports. However, nearly two-thirds of Gulf participants reporting moderate to high health symptoms had no axis I psychiatric diagnosis. CONCLUSIONS Results suggest that rates of psychiatric illness were generally low with the exception of PTSD and major depression. Although PTSD was associated with higher rates of reported health problems, this disorder did not entirely account for symptoms reported by participants. Factors other than psychiatric status may play a role in Gulf War health problems.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Wolfe
- Boston VA Medical Center, Boston University School of Medicine, MA 02130, USA.
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35
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Smith AF. Concerning the Suitability of Recordkeeping for Validating and Generalizing about Reports of Health-Related Information. REVIEW OF GENERAL PSYCHOLOGY 1999. [DOI: 10.1037/1089-2680.3.2.133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Although the primary concern of validation studies is to assess the accuracy with which individuals report about behaviors or experiences, an important secondary concern of such studies is generalizability—the extent to which findings about the response validity of studied individuals are informative about the response validity of individuals who were not studied. Two recommendations are presented for assessing generalizability when participants contribute records to which subsequent reports are referred: (a) Reports should also be collected from a group of participants who do not keep such records and (b) control variables should be included in the design to evaluate the sensitivity of the studied measures to appropriate manipulations. These recommendations are described with examples of studies that have examined validity of reports about physical activity, menstrual distress, pain-related behaviors, and dietary intake.
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Marshall RJ. An empirical investigation of exposure measurement bias and its components in case-control studies. J Clin Epidemiol 1999; 52:547-50. [PMID: 10408994 DOI: 10.1016/s0895-4356(99)00028-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated bias due to misclassification of exposure in case control studies. Using a metaanalysis of data from a number of case control studies, in which a possibly misclassified exposure was validated against a more reliable one, estimates of misclassification indices and bias were obtained. The estimates were used to investigate whether misclassification indices, in particular, sensitivity and specificity and so-called quality indices, are typically nondifferential with respect to cases and controls. It is concluded that quality indices do not show any tendency to be either lower or higher in cases than controls. On the other hand, sensitivity tends to be higher in cases than controls and specificity lower. Estimates of misclassification bias may be either positive or negative and are consistent with random variation; there is little to suggest that bias is present in the studies analyzed.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Marshall
- Department of Community Health, University of Auckland, New Zealand
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Abstract
Women themselves are often the most convenient source of information regarding their pregnancy and birth outcomes such as prematurity. However, the ability of mothers to recall birth information and the accuracy of information they do recall has rarely been assessed. This study used a mail survey of women who delivered either term or preterm infants in Rochester, Minnesota, between 1980 and 1985. Maternal reports of circumstances and outcome of delivery were compared to data abstracted from the medical records. Maternal ability to recall and report events varied from 99.5% for smoking during pregnancy to 85% for infant's gestational age at birth. Agreement between medical record and maternal report was very high for perinatal events such as delivery by cesarean section, preexisting diabetes, and smoking. Percent negative agreement was quite high when comparing information on rare events such as placental abruption. Recall of gestational age was better for women delivering preterm infants but uncommon in all women. Maternal reports of perinatal events in which they directly participated such as cesarean section can be accurately and reliably reported 10 to 15 years after the birth. Gestational age is reported less accurately and with different rates of recall for mothers with term and preterm deliveries.
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Affiliation(s)
- B P Yawn
- Department of Research, Olmsted Medical Center, Rochester, Minnesota 55904, USA
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Marshall RJ. Assessment of exposure misclassification bias in case-control studies using validation data. J Clin Epidemiol 1997; 50:15-9. [PMID: 9048686 DOI: 10.1016/s0895-4356(96)00315-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
It has recently been shown that the bias due to misclassification of a binary exposure in case-control studies can be simply expressed in terms of so-called quality indices. Quality indices are measures of the degree of misclassification that are symmetric with respect to the true and measured exposure. They can be estimated from sub-study validation data and used to estimate the bias. Bias is not present if quality indices are nondifferential with respect to cases and controls. In this article the sampling distribution of these indices is investigated by developing formulae for their standard errors and these formulae are used to derive the standard error of the estimated bias. Simulation studies are used to confirm the validity of the formulae. The formulae are used to assess the bias in two studies of risk factors for Sudden Infant Death Syndrome (SIDS) and can be applied to the assessment of diagnostic tests.
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Affiliation(s)
- R J Marshall
- Department of Community Health, University of Auckland, New Zealand
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Johansen C, Olsen JH. Psychological stress, cancer incidence and mortality from non-malignant diseases. Br J Cancer 1997; 75:144-8. [PMID: 9000613 PMCID: PMC2222697 DOI: 10.1038/bjc.1997.24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Psychological stress has been claimed to contribute to the onset of cancer and to increase mortality from a number of non-malignant diseases. We investigated the effect of a genuine psychological stressor, i.e. cancer in a child, on the incidence of cancer and mortality from non-malignant diseases of 11,231 parents in a Danish nationwide population-based study. The children were identified from records in the Danish Cancer Registry for the period 1943-85; their parents were identified from population registers. Overall, 1665 parental malignancies were diagnosed from the date the cancer of the child was reported until 1992, compared with 1702 expected from national incidence rates, yielding standardized incidence ratios of 1.0 (95% confidence interval, 0.9-1.0) for all parents, 1.0 for mothers and 1.0 for fathers. No statistically significant deviation of the relative risk from unity was seen for any period of follow-up after the stressful event, and no excess risk was seen for any particular type of cancer. Moreover, a total of 2137 parental deaths were observed over the period 1974-92, compared with 2333 expected from national mortality rates, giving an overall standardized mortality ratio of 0.9 (range 0.9-1.0). No excess mortality was seen from causes associated with allergic illness, autoimmune conditions, chronic illness or changes in behaviour. Our data provide no support for the hypothesis of an association between psychological stress and the incidence of cancer or mortality from non-malignant diseases. We conclude that the human organism is highly adaptable, even to extreme psychological stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Johansen
- Danish Cancer Society, Division for Cancer Epidemiology, Copenhagen
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40
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Girard M. Higher risk of ear disease in schizophrenia. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1996; 93:494-5. [PMID: 8831868 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1996.tb10683.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Girard M. Ear disease and schizophrenia: confounding factors. Acta Psychiatr Scand 1996; 93:219-20. [PMID: 8739671 DOI: 10.1111/j.1600-0447.1996.tb10636.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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