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Ramos-Rodríguez S, Ortega-Ramírez K, Méndez-Can L, Galindo-Sánchez C, Galindo-Torres P, Ventura-López C, Mascaro M, Caamal-Monsreal C, Rodríguez G, Díaz F, Rosas C. The hard life of an octopus embryo is seen through gene expression, energy metabolism, and its ability to neutralize radical oxygen species. Sci Rep 2024; 14:16510. [PMID: 39020012 PMCID: PMC11255218 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-67335-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/19/2024] Open
Abstract
The reproductive process in Octopus maya was analyzed to establish the amount of reactive oxygen species that the embryos inherit from females, during yolk synthesis. At the same time, respiratory metabolism, ROS production, and the expression of some genes of the antioxidant system were monitored to understand the ability of embryos to neutralize maternal ROS and those produced during development. The results indicate that carbonylated proteins and peroxidized lipids (LPO) were transferred from females to the embryos, presumably derived from the metabolic processes carried out during yolk synthesis in the ovary. Along with ROS, females also transferred to embryos glutathione (GSH), a key element of the antioxidant defense system, thus facilitating the neutralization of inherited ROS and those produced during development. Embryos are capable of neutralizing ROS thanks to the early expression of genes such as catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD), which give rise to the synthesis of enzymes when the circulatory system is activated. Also, it was observed that the levels of the routine metabolic rate of embryos are almost as high as those of the maximum activity metabolism, which leads, on the one hand, to the elevated production of ROS and suggests that, at this stage of the life cycle in octopuses, energy production is maximum and is physically limited by the biological properties inherent to the structure of embryonic life (oxygen transfer through the chorion, gill surface, pumping capacity, etc.). Due to its role in regulating vascularization, a high expression of HIf-1A during organogenesis suggests that circulatory system development has begun in this phase of embryo development. The results indicate that the routine metabolic rate and the ability of O. maya embryos to neutralize the ROS are probably the maximum possible. Under such circumstances, embryos cannot generate more energy to combat the free radicals produced by their metabolism, even when environmental factors such as high temperatures or contaminants could demand excess energy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadot Ramos-Rodríguez
- Laboratorio de Genómica Funcional, Departamento de Biotecnología Marina, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), CP 22860, Ensenada, BC, México
| | - Karen Ortega-Ramírez
- Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Docencia e Investigación (UMDI), Facultad de Ciencias UNAM, CP 97355, Sisal Yucatán, México
| | - Luisa Méndez-Can
- Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Docencia e Investigación (UMDI), Facultad de Ciencias UNAM, CP 97355, Sisal Yucatán, México
| | - Clara Galindo-Sánchez
- Laboratorio de Genómica Funcional, Departamento de Biotecnología Marina, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), CP 22860, Ensenada, BC, México
| | - Pavel Galindo-Torres
- Laboratorio de Genómica Funcional, Departamento de Biotecnología Marina, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), CP 22860, Ensenada, BC, México
| | - Claudia Ventura-López
- Laboratorio de Genómica Funcional, Departamento de Biotecnología Marina, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), CP 22860, Ensenada, BC, México
| | - Maite Mascaro
- Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Docencia e Investigación (UMDI), Facultad de Ciencias UNAM, CP 97355, Sisal Yucatán, México
| | - Claudia Caamal-Monsreal
- Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Docencia e Investigación (UMDI), Facultad de Ciencias UNAM, CP 97355, Sisal Yucatán, México
| | - Gabriela Rodríguez
- Unidad de Química en Sisal, Facultad de Química UNAM, CP 97355, Sisal Yucatán, México
| | - Fernando Díaz
- Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Docencia e Investigación (UMDI), Facultad de Ciencias UNAM, CP 97355, Sisal Yucatán, México
| | - Carlos Rosas
- Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Docencia e Investigación (UMDI), Facultad de Ciencias UNAM, CP 97355, Sisal Yucatán, México.
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Kim KT, Kim MA, Kim WJ, Jung MM, Kim DH, Sohn YC. Transcriptome analysis of East Asian common octopus, Octopus sinensis, paralarvae. Genes Genomics 2024:10.1007/s13258-024-01537-3. [PMID: 38922499 DOI: 10.1007/s13258-024-01537-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/14/2024] [Indexed: 06/27/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The genes involved in cephalopod development and their association with hatching and survival during early life stages have been extensively studied. However, few studies have investigated the paralarvae transcriptome of the East Asian common octopus (Octopus sinen sis). OBJECTIVE This study aimed to identify the genes related to embryonic development and hatching in O. sinensis using RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) and verify the genes most relevant to different embryonic stages. METHODS RNA samples from hatched and 25 days post-hatching (dph) O. sinensis paralarvae were used to construct cDNA libraries. Clean reads from individual samples were aligned to the reference O. sinensis database to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between the 0- and 25-dph paralarvae libraries. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) was used to supplement the RNA-seq data for embryogenic developmental stages. RESULTS A total of 12,597 transcripts were annotated and 5,468 DEGs were identified between the 0- and 25-dph O. sinensis paralarvae, including 2,715 upregulated and 2,753 downregulated transcripts in the 25-dph paralarvae. Several key DEGs were related to transmembrane transport, lipid biosynthesis, monooxygenase activity, lipid transport, neuropeptide signaling, transcription regulation, and protein-cysteine S-palmitoyltransferase activity during the post-hatching development of O. sinensis paralarvae. RT-qPCR analysis further revealed that SLC5A3A, ABCC12, and NPC1 transcripts in 20 and/or 30 days post-fertilization (dpf) embryos were significantly higher (p < 0.05) than those in 10-dpf embryos. CONCLUSION Transcriptome profiles provide molecular targets to understand the embryonic development, hatching, and survival of O. sinensis paralarvae, and enhance octopus production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ki Tae Kim
- Southeast Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Tongyeong, Gyeongsangnam-Do, 53017, Republic of Korea
| | - Mi Ae Kim
- Department of Marine Bioscience, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwon-Do, 25457, Republic of Korea
- East Coast Research Institute of Life Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwon-Do, 25457, Republic of Korea
| | - Woo Jin Kim
- Biotechnology Research Division, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Busan, 46083, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Min Jung
- Subtropical Fisheries Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Jeju-do, 63068, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong Hwi Kim
- East Sea Fisheries Research Institute, National Institute of Fisheries Science, Gangneung, Gangwon-Do, 25435, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Chang Sohn
- Department of Marine Bioscience, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwon-Do, 25457, Republic of Korea.
- East Coast Research Institute of Life Science, Gangneung-Wonju National University, Gangneung, Gangwon-Do, 25457, Republic of Korea.
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3
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Zoral MA, Lajbner Z, Zifcakova L, Miller J. Peracetic acid treatment of squid eggs infected with parasitic copepod (Ikanecator primus gen. et sp. nov.). Sci Rep 2024; 14:14513. [PMID: 38914681 PMCID: PMC11196259 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-65290-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Having been successfully bred in semi-intensive and intensive aquaculture systems, oval squids of the Sepioteuthis lessoniana species complex are emerging as promising candidates for research and industry. Nevertheless, information about pathogens and diseases that may affect squid aquaculture remains sparse. In this study, we identify new parasitic copepod species that causes squid mortality and decreases squid hatching rates, and we also offer a solution to eliminate the pathogen during incubation of squid eggs. The newly discovered copepod Ikanecator primus gen. et sp. nov. was identified on oval squid eggs for the first time using both morphological and molecular diagnostic markers. In the genomes of the copepod and associated microbiome, we identified multiple genes for enzymes involved in cephalopod eggshell degradation in genomes of the copepod and associated microbiome. Furthermore, we conducted experiments to assess efficacy of peracetic acid in inhibiting the I. primus gen. et sp. nov. both in vitro and in vivo using immersion treatment. We established that a 2-min exposure to a concentration of 250 μl/L of peracetic acid containing product (PAA-product; 35 mg/L PAA and 15 mg/L H2O2) inhibited the development of nauplii in vitro. All parasites exposed to a concentration of 500 μl/L of PAA-product (70 mg/L PAA and 30 mg/L H2O2) were eliminated within two minutes. On top of this, the immersion treatment with 500 μl/L of PAA-product (70 mg/L PAA and 30 mg/L H2O2) improved survival of squid embryos and increased size of squid hatchlings compared with control and the immersion treatment with 125 μl/L of PAA-product (17.5 mg/L PAA and 7.5 mg/L H2O2) and the immersion treatment with 250 μl/L of PAA-product (35 mg/L PAA and 15 mg/L H2O2). These findings suggest that PAA holds a great potential as inhibitor and controller of parasitic copepod infections and for overall health management in cephalopod culture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Arif Zoral
- Physics and Biology Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST), 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-Son, Okinawa, 904-0945, Japan.
| | - Zdenek Lajbner
- Physics and Biology Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST), 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-Son, Okinawa, 904-0945, Japan
| | - Lucia Zifcakova
- Physics and Biology Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST), 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-Son, Okinawa, 904-0945, Japan
| | - Jonathan Miller
- Physics and Biology Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University (OIST), 1919-1 Tancha, Onna-Son, Okinawa, 904-0945, Japan
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Murata R, Kubo U, Yoshida S, Mushirobira Y, Soyano K. Water temperature effects on embryonic development and GnRH-like expression in kisslip cuttlefish (Sepia lycidas) hinting the potential role of GnRH-like peptide. Comp Biochem Physiol A Mol Integr Physiol 2024; 296:111681. [PMID: 38878879 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpa.2024.111681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2024] [Revised: 05/28/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 06/18/2024]
Abstract
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH)-like peptides are multifunctional neuropeptides involved in cardiac control, early ontogenesis, and reproduction in cephalopods. However, the precise role of GnRH-like peptides in embryonic development and juvenile growth in cephalopods remains unknown. In this study, we showed that GnRH-like peptides are involved in the embryonic development of kisslip cuttlefish (Sepia lycidas). We confirmed that higher water temperatures induced early hatching. Simultaneously, we found that brain GnRH-like peptide gene expression gradually increased with increasing hatching speed. However, the rise in water temperature within a suitable range had no effect on the juvenile sex ratio or early gonadal development. Our results indicate that GnRH-like peptides may play an accelerating role in embryonic development; however, they are not involved in sex determination or early gonadal development in kisslip cuttlefish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ryosuke Murata
- Institute for East China Sea Research, Organization for Marine Science and Technology, Nagasaki University, 1551-7, Taira-machi, Nagasaki 851-2213, Nagasaki, Japan.
| | - Umina Kubo
- Institute for East China Sea Research, Organization for Marine Science and Technology, Nagasaki University, 1551-7, Taira-machi, Nagasaki 851-2213, Nagasaki, Japan; Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14, Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Shoma Yoshida
- Graduate School of Fisheries and Environmental Sciences, Nagasaki University, 1-14, Bunkyo-machi, Nagasaki 852-8521, Nagasaki, Japan
| | - Yuji Mushirobira
- Institute for East China Sea Research, Organization for Marine Science and Technology, Nagasaki University, 1551-7, Taira-machi, Nagasaki 851-2213, Nagasaki, Japan; Faculty of Agriculture and Marine Science, Kochi University, 200 Monobe-Otsu, Nankoku, Kochi 783-8502, Japan
| | - Kiyoshi Soyano
- Institute for East China Sea Research, Organization for Marine Science and Technology, Nagasaki University, 1551-7, Taira-machi, Nagasaki 851-2213, Nagasaki, Japan
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5
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Santiago I, Rosas C, Cruz-López H, Domingues P, Pascual C, Mascaro M, Sanchez-Arteaga A, Caamal C, Gallardo P. Growth, survival, digestive activity and respiratory metabolism of Octopus maya juveniles fed with prepared diets. J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) 2024. [PMID: 38699908 DOI: 10.1111/jpn.13976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/05/2024]
Abstract
The effects of two prepared feeds were tested on growth, survival, enzymatic activity, nutritive reserves in the digestive gland and oxygen consumption of Octopus maya juveniles. For the first time, a semihumid paste (HD, control) and a dry diet, in pelleted form (PD, experimental) with the same formulation were used for this species. The experiment lasted for 42 days. Results indicate that growth rates were similar for both diets (p > 0.05); however, survival (70%) was higher with the PD compared to the HD (48%) (p < 0.05). The performance index was higher for octopuses fed the PD (p < 0.05). No differences in acid proteases activity were observed. However, a higher activity of alkaline proteases in the octopuses fed the PD was observed (p < 0.05). Ingestion rate was higher for octopuses fed the PD. Routine energy inversion was similar in both treatments (p > 0.05). A greater energy inversion was observed in octopuses fed the PD, whose active metabolism was double compared to the octopuses fed the HD. Results showed that the PD promoted similar growth compared to the HD diet but favored survival, and a greater investment in the active metabolism, reflected in the apparent heat increase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Israel Santiago
- Centro Universitario de la Costa Sur, División de Desarrollo Regional, Universidad de Guadalajara, Jalisco, Mexico
| | - Carlos Rosas
- Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Docencia e Investigacion, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Hunucma, Mexico
| | - Honorio Cruz-López
- Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Docencia e Investigacion, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Hunucma, Mexico
| | - Pedro Domingues
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - Cristina Pascual
- Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Docencia e Investigacion, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Hunucma, Mexico
| | - Maite Mascaro
- Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Docencia e Investigacion, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Hunucma, Mexico
| | - Ariadna Sanchez-Arteaga
- Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Docencia e Investigacion, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Hunucma, Mexico
| | - Claudia Caamal
- Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Docencia e Investigacion, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Hunucma, Mexico
| | - Pedro Gallardo
- Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Docencia e Investigacion, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autonoma de Mexico, Hunucma, Mexico
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6
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Rodríguez-Barreto D, Sanz-González JC, Martín MV, Arrieta JM, Almansa E. Sex-specific bacterial microbiome variation in octopus vulgaris skin. Front Microbiol 2024; 14:1233661. [PMID: 38318128 PMCID: PMC10842966 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1233661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/11/2023] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Growing knowledge of the host-microbiota of vertebrates has shown the prevalence of sex-specific differences in the microbiome. However, there are virtually no studies assessing sex-associated variation in the microbiome of cephalopods. Here we assess sex-specific variation in the common octopus (Octopus vulgaris) skin microbiome using amplicon sequencing targeting the V4 hypervariable region of prokaryote 16S rRNA genes. Skin and mantle-associated mucus was collected from wild adult individuals of common Octopus (Octopus vulgaris) (9 males and 7 females of similar size). There were no significant differences in the alpha diversity of microbial communities associated with skin or mantle mucosa between sexes. However, our results clearly indicate that adult octopus males and females have a distinct microbial community composition in both skin and mantle associated mucus communities, with female microbiome being dominated by Firmicutes (48.1%), while that of males contained a majority of Proteobacteria (60.5%), with Firmicutes representing only 3.30%, not finding significant differentiation in the microbial communities between the tissues explored. The dominance of different taxa in the skin of O. vulgaris females and males (e.g., Mycoplasmatales and Lactococcus in females and Rhizobiales and Rhodobacteriales in males) suggests a sex-specific symbiosis in which those microbes benefit from easy access to distinct substrates present in female and male skin, respectively. Given the lack of differences in size between specimens of both sexes in this study, we hypothesize differences in hormone profile, as well as behavioral or ecological differences between sexes in the wild, as the main drivers of microbiome differentiation between sexes. Most knowledge of cephalopod microbiota is limited to the digestive tract and the reproductive system. However, cephalopod skin is an organ with a plethora of functions. This is a first attempt to characterize cephalopod skin microbiota and determine sex influence on it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Deiene Rodríguez-Barreto
- Canary Islands Oceanographic Center, Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO-CSIC), Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
- University of La Laguna, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Juan Carlos Sanz-González
- Canary Islands Oceanographic Center, Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO-CSIC), Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - M. Virginia Martín
- Canary Islands Oceanographic Center, Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO-CSIC), Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Jesús M. Arrieta
- Canary Islands Oceanographic Center, Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO-CSIC), Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Eduardo Almansa
- Canary Islands Oceanographic Center, Spanish Institute of Oceanography (IEO-CSIC), Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
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7
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Madsen H, Stauffer JR. Aquaculture of Animal Species: Their Eukaryotic Parasites and the Control of Parasitic Infections. BIOLOGY 2024; 13:41. [PMID: 38248472 PMCID: PMC10813438 DOI: 10.3390/biology13010041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2023] [Revised: 01/05/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Parasites are very diverse and common in both natural populations and in stocks kept in aquacultural facilities. For most cultured species, there are important bacteria and viruses causing diseases, but eukaryotic parasites are also very important. We review the various combinations of aquacultured species and eukaryotic parasitic groups and discuss other problems associated with aquaculture such as eutrophication, zoonotic species, and invasive species, and we conclude that further development of aquaculture in a sustainable manner must include a holistic approach (One Health) where many factors (e.g., human health, food safety, animal health and welfare, environmental and biodiversity protection and marketability mechanisms, etc.) are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Henry Madsen
- Department of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Dyrlaegevej 100, 1870 Frederiksberg C, Denmark
| | - Jay Richard Stauffer
- Department of Ecosystem Science and Management, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA;
- South African Institute for Aquatic Biodiversity, Makhanda 6140, South Africa
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8
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Perales-García N, Tovar-Ramírez D, Martínez-Morales MG, Ceballos-Vázquez BP, Corona-Rojas DA, Salcedo-Meza MA, Garrido-Mora A, Vega-Villasante F, Nolasco-Soria H. pH evaluation in the digestive tract of the pygmy octopus, Paractopus digueti. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2024; 269:110881. [PMID: 37541336 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2023.110881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/06/2023]
Abstract
This study is considered the first report on the digestive tract pH of the pygmy octopus (Paroctopus digueti). Adult octopuses obtained from the wild (mean ± SD) (42.1 ± 15.1 g), and those acclimated to captivity in a fed (25.4 ± 9.0 g, n = 15) or fasted (23.1 ± 6.1 g, n = 15) state, were studied. The digestive tract regions of buccal mass (BMA), anterior salivary glands (ASG), posterior salivary glands (PSG), crop (CRO), stomach (STO), caecum (CAE), digestive gland (DGL) and intestine (INT) were dissected. The pH of the internal part of the digestive tract regions was measured. Food intake (dry weight) per octopus was 53.8 ± 35.1 mg to 214.9 ± 157.6 mg at 15 min and 8 h, respectively. The apparent food transit time was approximately 8 h for the appearance of feces in the posterior intestine. In all cases, the pH of the digestive tract regions was lower than pH 7.0. No statistical difference was found when comparing the pH by digestive tract regions between wild octopuses and octopuses in captivity (fasting and feeding). In acclimatized octopuses, the average pH was 6.41 ± 0.22 and 6.41 ± 0.23 for fasting and fed octopuses, respectively. Although DGL had the lowest pH values relative to other digestive tract tissues (p < 0.05), pH was always >5.0 (6.04 ± 0.12 in the wild and 5.97 ± 0.17 in feeding octopuses). In conclusion, the pygmy octopus has an acidic pH in its digestive tract under fasting and feeding conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Perales-García
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, S.C. Av. IPN # 195, Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, 23096 La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico
| | - D Tovar-Ramírez
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, S.C. Av. IPN # 195, Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, 23096 La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico
| | - M G Martínez-Morales
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Av. IPN s/n, Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita, 23096 La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico
| | - B P Ceballos-Vázquez
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Centro Interdisciplinario de Ciencias Marinas, Av. IPN s/n, Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita, 23096 La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico
| | - D A Corona-Rojas
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, S.C. Av. IPN # 195, Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, 23096 La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico
| | - M A Salcedo-Meza
- Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa, Tabasco, Mexico
| | - A Garrido-Mora
- Universidad Juárez Autónoma de Tabasco, Villahermosa, Tabasco, Mexico
| | | | - H Nolasco-Soria
- Centro de Investigaciones Biológicas del Noroeste, S.C. Av. IPN # 195, Col. Playa Palo de Santa Rita Sur, 23096 La Paz, Baja California Sur, Mexico.
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Chancellor S, Grasse B, Sakmar T, Scheel D, Brown JS, Santymire RM. Exploring the Effect of Age on the Reproductive and Stress Physiology of Octopus bimaculoides Using Dermal Hormones. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3115. [PMID: 37835721 PMCID: PMC10571824 DOI: 10.3390/ani13193115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/03/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Our goal was to validate the use of dermal swabs to evaluate both reproductive and stress physiology in the California two-spot octopus, Octopus bimaculoides. Our objectives were to (1) use dermal swabs to evaluate glucocorticoids and reproductive hormones of O. bimaculoides; (2) determine the influence of life stage on hormone production (glucocorticoids in all individuals; testosterone, estrogen, and progesterone in females; and testosterone in males) of reproductive (n = 4) and senescent (n = 8) individuals to determine the effect of age on hormonal patterns; and (3) determine whether these hormones change significantly in response to an acute stressor. For the stress test, individuals were first swabbed for a baseline and then chased around the aquarium with a net for 5 min. Afterward, individuals were swabbed for 2 h at 15 min intervals to compare to the pre-stress test swab. Reproductive individuals responded to the stressor with a 2-fold increase in dermal cortisol concentrations at 15 and 90 min. Six of the eight senescent individuals did not produce a 2-fold increase in dermal cortisol concentrations. Reproductive individuals had significantly higher sex hormone concentrations compared to senescent individuals (progesterone and estradiol measured in females, and testosterone for both sexes). After the stressor, only reproductive males produced a 2-fold increase in dermal testosterone concentrations, while sex hormones in females showed no change. The stress hormone cortisol was significantly higher in senescent than in reproductive individuals, independent of sex. Dermal corticosterone concentrations were highest in senescent females followed by senescent males, and lowest in reproductive individuals regardless of sex. Dermal swabs provide an effective and noninvasive means for evaluating octopus hormones. Application of these indicators may be imperative as cephalopods are more commonly cultured in captivity for experimentation, display, and consumption.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Bret Grasse
- Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA; (B.G.); (T.S.)
| | - Taylor Sakmar
- Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, MA 02543, USA; (B.G.); (T.S.)
| | - David Scheel
- Institute of Culture and the Environment, Alaska Pacific University, Anchorage, AK 99508, USA;
| | - Joel S. Brown
- Department of Integrated Mathematical Oncology, Moffitt Cancer Center, Tampa, FL 33612, USA;
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10
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Chavez Ramirez C, Khoo M, Lopez G M, Ferguson S, Walker S, Echeverri K. Comparison of Blastema Formation after Injury in Two Cephalopod Species. MICROPUBLICATION BIOLOGY 2023; 2023:10.17912/micropub.biology.000946. [PMID: 37799205 PMCID: PMC10550383 DOI: 10.17912/micropub.biology.000946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/19/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023]
Abstract
Regeneration is the ability to functionally replace significant amounts of lost tissue or whole appendages like arms, limbs or tentacles. The amount of tissue that can be regenerated varies among species, but regeneration is found in both invertebrate and vertebrate animals. Cephalopods have been broadly reported in the literature to regenerate their arms. There are over 800 species of Cephalopod; however, regeneration has only been documented in the literature in a few species (1). Here we compare arm regeneration in two species of cephalopod, the Octopus bimaculoides and the hummingbird bobtail squid Euprymna berryi.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miya Khoo
- University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Marco Lopez G
- University of Chicago, Chicago, Illinois, United States
| | - Sophie Ferguson
- Eugene Bell Center for Regenerative Biology and Tissue Engineering, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Sarah Walker
- Eugene Bell Center for Regenerative Biology and Tissue Engineering, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Karen Echeverri
- Eugene Bell Center for Regenerative Biology and Tissue Engineering, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts, United States
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11
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Kirby AJ, Balko JA, Goertz CEC, Lewbart GA. Characterization of Current Husbandry and Veterinary Care Practices of the Giant Pacific Octopus ( Enteroctopus dofleini) Using an Online Survey. Vet Sci 2023; 10:448. [PMID: 37505853 PMCID: PMC10385140 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10070448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2023] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Giant Pacific octopuses (Enteroctopus dofleini) (GPOs) are commonly housed in zoos or aquaria, and sedation, anesthesia, and/or euthanasia may be indicated for a variety of reasons. Despite this need, evidence-based data on best practices is limited and focuses on smaller or more tropical species. The objectives of this study were to survey the aquatic community regarding the husbandry and veterinary care of GPOs, with a specific focus on anesthetic and euthanasia protocols. A two-part web-based survey was distributed to four aquatic and/or veterinary email listservs. Individuals from fifty-two institutions participated in phase one. Results documented that 40 (78 percent) participating institutions currently house GPOs, with most housing one and nine institutions housing two to three GPOs. The median (range) habitat volume is 5405 (1893-16,465) L, and 78 percent of systems are closed. Of the institutions surveyed, 23 have anesthetized or sedated a GPO for nonterminal procedures, including wound care, biopsies, and hemolymph collection. Reported methods of sedation or anesthesia include magnesium chloride, ethanol, isoflurane, tricaine methanesulfonate (MS-222), magnesium sulfate, benzocaine, and dexmedetomidine. Drugs or methods used for euthanasia include magnesium chloride, ethanol, mechanical decerebration, pentobarbital, isoflurane, MS-222, magnesium sulfate, benzocaine, potassium chloride, dexmedetomidine, and freezing. Reported observed side effects include ineffectiveness or inadequate sedation, inking, prolonged drug effects, and behavior changes. Survey data have the potential to guide the husbandry and veterinary care of GPOs and build the framework for future prospective studies on GPO sedation and anesthesia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Julie A Balko
- Department of Molecular Biomedical Sciences, North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
| | | | - Gregory A Lewbart
- Department of Clinical Sciences, North Carolina State University, College of Veterinary Medicine, Raleigh, NC 27607, USA
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12
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Roura Á, Doyle SR, Castro-Bugallo A, Hall NE, Gonzalez ÁF, Strugnell JM. Trophic ecology of Octopus vulgaris paralarvae along the Iberian Canary current eastern boundary upwelling system. Sci Rep 2023; 13:8744. [PMID: 37253926 PMCID: PMC10229560 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-35206-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/14/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Our knowledge of the diet of wild octopus paralarvae, Octopus vulgaris, is restricted to the first 2 weeks of its planktonic phase when they are selective hunters found near the coastline. These small paralarvae, bearing only three suckers per arm, are transported by oceanic currents from the coast towards offshore waters, where they complete the planktonic phase over 2 months. Here, we have investigated the trophic ecology of O. vulgaris paralarvae in two contrasting upwelling sub-regions of the Iberian Canary current (ICC) eastern boundary upwelling system and have evaluated dietary change as paralarvae develop (inferred by counting the number of suckers per arm, ranging from three to 15) along the coastal-oceanic gradient during their planktonic phase. Using high-throughput amplicon sequencing, we have characterised the diet of 100 paralarvae collected along the Northwest Iberian Peninsula (n = 65, three to five suckers per arm) and off the west coast of Morocco (n = 35, three to 15 suckers per arm), identifying up to 87 different prey species. The diet of paralarvae varied along the ICC, with crabs (53.4%), siphonophores (12.2%), copepods (12.3%), cnidarians (8.4%) and pteropods (3.7%) accounting for 90% of the variability detected off NW Iberian Peninsula, whereas off W Morocco, crabs (46.2%), copepods (23.1%), cnidarians (12.9%), krill (9.3%) and fishes (4.2%) explained 95.6% of the variability observed using frequency of observance (FOO%) data. Ontogenetic changes in the diet based on groups of paralarvae with similar numbers per arm were evidenced by the decreasing contribution of coastal meroplankton and an increase in oceanic holoplankton, including siphonophores, copepods, pteropods and krill. Trophic niche breadth values ranged from 0.06 to 0.67, with averaged values ranging from 0.23 to 0.33 (generalist = 1 and specialist = 0), suggesting that O. vulgaris paralarvae are selective predators through their ontogenetic transition between coastal and oceanic environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Roura
- La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia.
- Ecology and Marine Resources, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM-CSIC), Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208, Vigo, Spain.
| | - Stephen R Doyle
- Wellcome Sanger Institute, Hinxton, Cambridgeshire, CB10 1SA, UK
| | | | - Nathan E Hall
- La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia
- GMDx Group Ltd, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
| | - Ángel F Gonzalez
- Ecology and Marine Resources, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (IIM-CSIC), Eduardo Cabello 6, 36208, Vigo, Spain
| | - Jan M Strugnell
- La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia
- Centre for Sustainable Tropical Fisheries and Aquaculture, James Cook University, Townsville, QLD, 4810, Australia
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13
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Freitas TBN, Leite TS, de Ramos B, Proietti MC. Understanding the interactions between cephalopods and marine litter: A research evaluation with identification of gaps and future perspectives. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2023; 190:114814. [PMID: 36933358 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2023.114814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Litter is known to negatively affect numerous marine organisms, but the extent of such impacts is not well known for several groups, including cephalopods. Considering the ecological, behavioral and economic importance of these animals, we reviewed the types of interactions between cephalopods and litter in the scientific literature, to evaluate impacts and knowledge gaps. We found 30 papers, which included records of microplastic ingestion and the transfer of synthetic microfibers along the food web. The largest number of records involved litter use as shelter, and the common octopus was the most frequent species. At first sight, litter use as shelter could appear to be a potential positive effect, but it is necessary to clarify the implications of this choice and its long-term consequences. Regarding ingestion and trophic transfer, further research is needed to elucidate its occurrence and impacts on cephalopods and their predators, including humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tainah B N Freitas
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Oceanografia Biológica and Projeto Lixo Marinho, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Campus Carreiros, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Tatiana S Leite
- Laboratório de Métodos de Estudos Subaquáticos e Cefalópodes, Departamento de Ecologia e Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina - UFSC, Trindade, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil
| | - Bruna de Ramos
- Departamento de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco - UFPE, Cidade Universitária, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Maíra C Proietti
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Oceanografia Biológica and Projeto Lixo Marinho, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Campus Carreiros, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil; The Ocean Cleanup, Rotterdam, the Netherlands.
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14
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White DM, Valsamidis MA, Kokkoris GD, Bakopoulos V. The effect of temperature and challenge route on in vitro hemocyte phagocytosis activation after experimental challenge of common octopus, Octopus vulgaris (Cuvier, 1797) with either Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae or Vibrio anguillarum O1. Microb Pathog 2023; 174:105955. [PMID: 36538965 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2022.105955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Infectious diseases in aquaculture could be associated with high mortalities and morbidity rates, resulting in negative impacts to fish farming industry, consumers, and the environment. Octopods are reared near marine fish farming areas, and this may represent a major risk since fish pathogens may cause pathologies to octopods. Up to date cephalopods immune defense and pathologies, are incompletely understood. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the effect of water temperature and challenge route on hemocyte phagocytosis in vitro after experimental challenge of common octopus with Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae or Vibrio anguillarum O1. Hemolymph was withdrawn at various time-points post-challenge and the number of circulating hemocytes, and phagocytosis ability were determined. No mortalities were recorded irrespective of pathogen, route of challenge and temperature employed. Great variation was observed in the number of circulating hemocytes of both control and challenged specimens in both experiments (1.04 × 10⁵ to 22.33 × 10⁵ hemocytes/ml for the Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae challenge and 1.35 × 105 to 24.63 × 105 hemocytes/ml for the Vibrio anguillarum O1 and at both studied temperatures). No correlation was found between circulating hemocytes and baseline control specimens body weight. Probably, the number of circulating hemocytes is affected by many extrinsic, and intrinsic factors such as size, age, maturity stage, natural fluctuations and temperature, as indicated in the literature. The hemocyte foreign particles binding ability observed in Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae experiments, at 21 ± 0.5 °C and 24 ± 0.5 °C, was (mean ± SD) 2.26 ± 2.96 and 11.72 ± 12.36 yeast cells/hemocyte for baseline specimens and 7.84 ± 8.88 and 8.56 ± 9.89 yeast cells/hemocyte for control and challenged specimens, respectively. The corresponding values for Vibrio anguillarum O1 experiments were (mean ± SD) 6.68 ± 9.26 and 7.00 ± 8.11 yeast cells/hemocyte for baseline specimens and 8.82 ± 9.75 and 6.04 ± 7.64 yeast cells/hemocyte for control and challenged specimens, respectively. Hemocytes of the Photobacterium damselae subsp. damselae and Vibrio anguillarum O1 challenged specimens, were more activated at lower temperature. Apparently, temperature is an important factor in hemocyte activation. In addition, our results indicated that time post challenge, route of challenge and pathogen may influence phagocytosis ability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniella-Mari White
- Department of Marine Sciences, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, University Hill, Mytilene, 81100, Lesvos, Greece.
| | - Michail-Aggelos Valsamidis
- Department of Marine Sciences, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, University Hill, Mytilene, 81100, Lesvos, Greece
| | - Georgios D Kokkoris
- Department of Marine Sciences, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, University Hill, Mytilene, 81100, Lesvos, Greece
| | - Vasileios Bakopoulos
- Department of Marine Sciences, School of the Environment, University of the Aegean, University Hill, Mytilene, 81100, Lesvos, Greece
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15
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Macchi F, Edsinger E, Sadler KC. Epigenetic machinery is functionally conserved in cephalopods. BMC Biol 2022; 20:202. [PMID: 36104784 PMCID: PMC9476566 DOI: 10.1186/s12915-022-01404-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Epigenetic regulatory mechanisms are divergent across the animal kingdom, yet these mechanisms are not well studied in non-model organisms. Unique features of cephalopods make them attractive for investigating behavioral, sensory, developmental, and regenerative processes, and recent studies have elucidated novel features of genome organization and gene and transposon regulation in these animals. However, it is not known how epigenetics regulates these interesting cephalopod features. We combined bioinformatic and molecular analysis of Octopus bimaculoides to investigate the presence and pattern of DNA methylation and examined the presence of DNA methylation and 3 histone post-translational modifications across tissues of three cephalopod species. Results We report a dynamic expression profile of the genes encoding conserved epigenetic regulators, including DNA methylation maintenance factors in octopus tissues. Levels of 5-methyl-cytosine in multiple tissues of octopus, squid, and bobtail squid were lower compared to vertebrates. Whole genome bisulfite sequencing of two regions of the brain and reduced representation bisulfite sequencing from a hatchling of O. bimaculoides revealed that less than 10% of CpGs are methylated in all samples, with a distinct pattern of 5-methyl-cytosine genome distribution characterized by enrichment in the bodies of a subset of 14,000 genes and absence from transposons. Hypermethylated genes have distinct functions and, strikingly, many showed similar expression levels across tissues while hypomethylated genes were silenced or expressed at low levels. Histone marks H3K27me3, H3K9me3, and H3K4me3 were detected at different levels across tissues of all species. Conclusions Our results show that the DNA methylation and histone modification epigenetic machinery is conserved in cephalopods, and that, in octopus, 5-methyl-cytosine does not decorate transposable elements, but is enriched on the gene bodies of highly expressed genes and could cooperate with the histone code to regulate tissue-specific gene expression. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12915-022-01404-1.
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16
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Satjarak J, Thongprajukaew K, Kaewtapee C, Rodjan P, Preedaphol K. Morphological characteristics and nutritive value of wild and cultured bigfin reef squid (Sepioteuthis lessoniana). J Food Compost Anal 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jfca.2021.104356] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
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17
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Freitas TBN, Leite TS, de Ramos B, di Cosmo A, Proietti MC. In an octopus's garden in the shade: Underwater image analysis of litter use by benthic octopuses. MARINE POLLUTION BULLETIN 2022; 175:113339. [PMID: 35093780 DOI: 10.1016/j.marpolbul.2022.113339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 01/07/2022] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Benthic octopuses have been widely documented in artificial shelters for decades, and this use is apparently increasing. Despite any possible positive effects, the use of litter as shelter could have negative implications. In this work, we aimed to elucidate the interactions of octopuses with marine litter, identifying types of interactions and affected species and regions. To achieve this, we obtained 261 underwater images from 'citizen science' records, and identified 8 genera and 24 species of benthic octopuses interacting with litter. Glass objects were present in 41.6% of interactions, and plastic in 24.7%. Asia presented the highest number of images, and most records were from 2018 to 2021. Citizen science provided important evidence on octopus/marine litter interactions, highlighting its value and the need for more investigations on the subject. This information is fundamental to help prevent and mitigate the impacts of litter on octopuses, and identify knowledge gaps that require attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tainah B N Freitas
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Oceanografia Biológica and Projeto Lixo Marinho, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Avenida Itália Km 08, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil
| | - Tatiana S Leite
- Laboratório de Métodos de Estudos Subaquáticos e Cefalópodes, Departamento de Ecologia e Zoologia, Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Florianópolis, SC, Brazil.
| | - Bruna de Ramos
- Departamento de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal de Pernambuco - UFPE, Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Anna di Cosmo
- Department of Biology, University of Napoli Federico II, Complesso Universitario Monte Sant' Angelo, Via Cinthia, 80126 Napoli, Italy.
| | - Maíra C Proietti
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Oceanografia Biológica and Projeto Lixo Marinho, Instituto de Oceanografia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande - FURG, Avenida Itália Km 08, Rio Grande, RS, Brazil.
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18
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Bao X, Liu X, Yu B, Li Y, Cui M, Wang W, Feng Y, Xu X, Sun G, Li B, Li Z, Yang J. Transcriptome Profiling Based on Larvae at Different Time Points After Hatching Provides a Core Set of Gene Resource for Understanding the Metabolic Mechanisms of the Brood-Care Behavior in Octopus ocellatus. Front Physiol 2022; 12:762681. [PMID: 35069236 PMCID: PMC8777255 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.762681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/29/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The metabolic processes of organisms are very complex. Each process is crucial and affects the growth, development, and reproduction of organisms. Metabolism-related mechanisms in Octopus ocellatus behaviors have not been widely studied. Brood-care is a common behavior in most organisms, which can improve the survival rate and constitution of larvae. Octopus ocellatus carried out this behavior, but it was rarely noticed by researchers before. In our study, 3,486 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified based on transcriptome analysis of O. ocellatus. We identify metabolism-related DEGs using GO and KEGG enrichment analyses. Then, we construct protein-protein interaction networks to search the functional relationships between metabolism-related DEGs. Finally, we identified 10 hub genes related to multiple gene functions or involved in multiple signal pathways and verified them using quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR). Protein-protein interaction networks were first used to study the effects of brood-care behavior on metabolism in the process of growing of O. ocellatus larvae, and the results provide us valuable genetic resources for understanding the metabolic processes of invertebrate larvae. The data lay a foundation for further study the brood-care behavior and metabolic mechanisms of invertebrates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaokai Bao
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Xiumei Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Yantai University, Yantai, China
| | - Benshu Yu
- Shandong Fisheries Development and Resources Conservation Center, Yantai, China
| | - Yan Li
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Mingxian Cui
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Weijun Wang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Yanwei Feng
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Xiaohui Xu
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Guohua Sun
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Bin Li
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, China
- Yantai Haiyu Marine Science and Technology Co. Ltd., Yantai, China
| | - Zan Li
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, China
| | - Jianmin Yang
- School of Agriculture, Ludong University, Yantai, China
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19
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Potts RWA, Gutierrez AP, Penaloza CS, Regan T, Bean TP, Houston RD. Potential of genomic technologies to improve disease resistance in molluscan aquaculture. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2021; 376:20200168. [PMID: 33813884 PMCID: PMC8059958 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2020.0168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Molluscan aquaculture is a major contributor to global seafood production, but is hampered by infectious disease outbreaks that can cause serious economic losses. Selective breeding has been widely used to improve disease resistance in major agricultural and aquaculture species, and has clear potential in molluscs, albeit its commercial application remains at a formative stage. Advances in genomic technologies, especially the development of cost-efficient genomic selection, have the potential to accelerate genetic improvement. However, tailored approaches are required owing to the distinctive reproductive and life cycle characteristics of molluscan species. Transgenesis and genome editing, in particular CRISPR/Cas systems, have been successfully trialled in molluscs and may further understanding and improvement of genetic resistance to disease through targeted changes to the host genome. Whole-organism genome editing is achievable on a much greater scale compared to other farmed species, making genome-wide CRISPR screening approaches plausible. This review discusses the current state and future potential of selective breeding, genomic tools and genome editing approaches to understand and improve host resistance to infectious disease in molluscs. This article is part of the Theo Murphy meeting issue 'Molluscan genomics: broad insights and future directions for a neglected phylum'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W. A. Potts
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK
- Centre for Environment, Fisheries and Aquaculture Science (Cefas), Weymouth Laboratory, Dorset DT4 8UB, UK
| | - Alejandro P. Gutierrez
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Carolina S. Penaloza
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Tim Regan
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Tim P. Bean
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK
| | - Ross D. Houston
- The Roslin Institute and Royal (Dick) School of Veterinary Studies, University of Edinburgh, Midlothian EH25 9RG, UK
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20
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Jiang M, Yang H, Peng R, Han Q, Jiang X. 1H NMR-based metabolomic analysis of cuttlefish, Sepia pharaonis (Ehrenberg, 1831) exposed to hypoxia stresses and post-anoxia recovery. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2020; 726:138317. [PMID: 32305752 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.138317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2019] [Revised: 03/10/2020] [Accepted: 03/28/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen deficiency (hypoxia and anoxia) is an emerging concern in estuarine and coastal ecosystems worldwide. Previous studies on Mollusca Cephalopoda have focused on the effects of hypoxia stress on physiological performance and survival, but there are few reports on the molecular mechanism, and the application of metabolomics in cephalopods remains unknown. In this study, a 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) based metabolomics approach was applied to investigate the metabolites profiles of Sepia pharaonis (Ehrenberg, 1831) during hypoxia and post-anoxia recovery. The results revealed that obvious tissue-specific metabolic responses were induced by hypoxia stresses. Hypoxia exposure influenced the levels of many metabolites (e.g. BCAAs, lactate, and betaine strongly accumulated in the hepatic tissue while arginine and ATP significantly reduced; lactate and adenosine significantly increased in gills whereas arginine and choline significantly decreased; GABA, taurine and adenosine levels increased in brain but a significant depletion of N-Acetylaspartate and glycogen was found), disturbed energy and amino acid metabolism, and broke the balance of neurotransmitters and osmoregulators. Notably, almost all metabolites returned to pre-exposure levels after acute hypoxia recovery. However, we noted a pronounced depletion of the amino acid pool (arginine, glutamine, and alanine) in hepatic and gills after recovery, as well as organic osmolytes fluctuations (choline, betaine, and taurine). This work highlights the potential of metabolomics methods to elucidate the response of cuttlefish to hypoxia stress, as well as to provide knowledge on metabolic changes in cephalopods under the influences of environmental stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maowang Jiang
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315211, PR China
| | - Hua Yang
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315211, PR China
| | - Ruibing Peng
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315211, PR China
| | - Qingxi Han
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315211, PR China
| | - Xiamin Jiang
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province 315211, PR China.
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21
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Roumbedakis K, Alexandre MN, Puch JA, Martins ML, Pascual C, Rosas C. Short and Long-Term Effects of Anesthesia in Octopus maya (Cephalopoda, Octopodidae) Juveniles. Front Physiol 2020; 11:697. [PMID: 32695019 PMCID: PMC7338579 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Accepted: 05/28/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Katina Roumbedakis
- AQUOS – Aquatic Organisms Health Laboratory, Department of Aquaculture, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianopolis, Brazil
- *Correspondence: Katina Roumbedakis,
| | - Marina N. Alexandre
- AQUOS – Aquatic Organisms Health Laboratory, Department of Aquaculture, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - José A. Puch
- Unidad Mulidisicplinaria de Docencia e Investigación, Facultad de Ciencias, Universdidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Maurício L. Martins
- AQUOS – Aquatic Organisms Health Laboratory, Department of Aquaculture, Federal University of Santa Catarina (UFSC), Florianopolis, Brazil
| | - Cristina Pascual
- Unidad Mulidisicplinaria de Docencia e Investigación, Facultad de Ciencias, Universdidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Carlos Rosas
- Unidad Mulidisicplinaria de Docencia e Investigación, Facultad de Ciencias, Universdidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico City, Mexico
- Carlos Rosas,
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De Sio F, Hanke FD, Warnke K, Marazia C, Galligioni V, Fiorito G, Stravidou I, Ponte G. E Pluribus Octo - Building Consensus on Standards of Care and Experimentation in Cephalopod Research; a Historical Outlook. Front Physiol 2020; 11:645. [PMID: 32655409 PMCID: PMC7325997 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.00645] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2020] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The Directive 2010/63/EU "on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes" originally induced some concern among cephalopod researchers, because of the inclusion of cephalopod mollusks as the only invertebrates among the protected species. Here we reflect on the challenges and issues raised by the Directive on cephalopod science, and discuss some of the arguments that elicited discussion within the scientific community, to facilitate the implementation of the Directive 2010/63/EU in the scientific research context. A short overview of the aims of the COST Action FA1301 "CephsInAction," serves as a paradigmatic instance of a pragmatic and progressive approach adopted to respond to novel legislative concerns through community-building and expansion of the historical horizon. Between 2013 and 2017, the COST Action FA1301 has functioned as a hub for consolidation of the cephalopod research community, including about 200 representatives from 21 countries (19 European). Among its aims, CephsInAction promoted the collection, rationalization, and diffusion of knowledge relevant to cephalopods. In the Supplementary Material to this work, we present the translation of the first-published systematic set of guidelines on the care, management and maintenance of cephalopods in captivity (Grimpe, 1928), as an example of the potential advantages deriving from the confluence of pressing scientific concerns and historical interests.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fabio De Sio
- Department of the History, Philosophy and Ethics of Medicine, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | | | - Kerstin Warnke
- Institute of Geological Sciences, Palaeontology, Freie Universität Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Chantal Marazia
- Department of the History, Philosophy and Ethics of Medicine, Centre for Health and Society, Medical Faculty, Heinrich-Heine-Universität Düsseldorf, Düsseldorf, Germany
| | - Viola Galligioni
- Comparative Medicine Unit, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
- Association for Cephalopod Research “CephRes,” Naples, Italy
| | - Graziano Fiorito
- Association for Cephalopod Research “CephRes,” Naples, Italy
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy
| | - Ioanna Stravidou
- COST Association, Brussels, Belgium
- European Research Area, European Commission, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Giovanna Ponte
- Association for Cephalopod Research “CephRes,” Naples, Italy
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy
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Deryckere A, Styfhals R, Vidal EAG, Almansa E, Seuntjens E. A practical staging atlas to study embryonic development of Octopus vulgaris under controlled laboratory conditions. BMC DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY 2020; 20:7. [PMID: 32299349 PMCID: PMC7164171 DOI: 10.1186/s12861-020-00212-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Octopus vulgaris has been an iconic cephalopod species for neurobiology research as well as for cephalopod aquaculture. It is one of the most intelligent and well-studied invertebrates, possessing both long- and short-term memory and the striking ability to perform complex cognitive tasks. Nevertheless, how the common octopus developed these uncommon features remains enigmatic. O. vulgaris females spawn thousands of small eggs and remain with their clutch during their entire development, cleaning, venting and protecting the eggs. In fact, eggs incubated without females usually do not develop normally, mainly due to biological contamination (fungi, bacteria, etc.). This high level of parental care might have hampered laboratory research on the embryonic development of this intriguing cephalopod. RESULTS Here, we present a completely parameter-controlled artificial seawater standalone egg incubation system that replaces maternal care and allows successful embryonic development of a small-egged octopus species until hatching in a laboratory environment. We also provide a practical and detailed staging atlas based on bright-field and light sheet fluorescence microscopy imaging for precise monitoring of embryonic development. The atlas has a comparative section to benchmark stages to the different scales published by Naef (1928), Arnold (1965) and Boletzky (2016). Finally, we provide methods to monitor health and wellbeing of embryos during organogenesis. CONCLUSION Besides introducing the study of O. vulgaris embryonic development to a wider community, this work can be a high-quality reference for comparative evolutionary developmental biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Astrid Deryckere
- Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
| | - Ruth Styfhals
- Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Naples, Italy
| | - Erica A G Vidal
- Center for Marine Studies, University of Parana, Curitiba, Brazil
| | - Eduardo Almansa
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía (IEO), Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Eve Seuntjens
- Laboratory of Developmental Neurobiology, Department of Biology, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.
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Albertin CB, Simakov O. Cephalopod Biology: At the Intersection Between Genomic and Organismal Novelties. Annu Rev Anim Biosci 2020; 8:71-90. [PMID: 31815522 DOI: 10.1146/annurev-animal-021419-083609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Cephalopods are resourceful marine predators that have fascinated generations of researchers as well as the public owing to their advanced behavior, complex nervous system, and significance in evolutionary studies. Recent advances in genomics have accelerated the pace of cephalopod research. Many traditional areas focusing on evolution, development, behavior, and neurobiology, primarily on the morphological level, are now transitioning to molecular approaches. This review addresses the recent progress and impact of genomic and other molecular resources on research in cephalopods. We outline several key directions in which significant progress in cephalopod research is expected and discuss its impact on our understanding of the genetic background behind cephalopod biology and beyond.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline B Albertin
- Eugene Bell Center for Regenerative Biology and Tissue Engineering, Marine Biological Laboratory, Woods Hole, Massachusetts 02543, USA;
| | - Oleg Simakov
- Department of Molecular Evolutionary and Development, University of Vienna, 1090 Vienna, Austria;
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25
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Affiliation(s)
- Joachim G. Frommen
- Division of Behavioural Ecology Institute of Ecology and Evolution University of Bern Hinterkappelen Switzerland
- Department of Natural Sciences Manchester Metropolitan University Manchester UK
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26
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Maldonado E, Rangel-Huerta E, González-Gómez R, Fajardo-Alvarado G, Morillo-Velarde PS. Octopus insularis as a new marine model for evolutionary developmental biology. Biol Open 2019; 8:bio046086. [PMID: 31666222 PMCID: PMC6899024 DOI: 10.1242/bio.046086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/15/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Octopuses are intriguing organisms that, together with squids and cuttlefishes, form the extant coleoid cephalopods. This group includes many species that can potentially be used as models in the fields of biomedicine, developmental biology, evolution, neuroscience and even for robotics research. The purpose of this work is to first present a simple method for maintaining Octopus insularis embryos under a laboratory setup. Second, we show that these embryos are suitable for detailed analyses of specific traits that appear during developmental stages, including the eyes, hearts, arms, suckers, chromatophores and Kölliker's organs. Similar complex traits between cephalopods and vertebrates such as the visual, cardiovascular, neural and pigmentation systems are generally considered to be a result of parallel evolution. We propose that O. insularis embryos could be used as a model for evolutionary developmental biology (or EvoDevo) research, where comparisons of the morphogenetic steps in the building of equivalent organs between cephalopods and known vertebrate model systems could shed light on evolutionary convergences and deep homologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ernesto Maldonado
- EvoDevo Research Group, Unidad de Sistemas Arrecifales, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Puerto Morelos, Quintana Roo, México 77580
| | - Emma Rangel-Huerta
- EvoDevo Research Group, Unidad de Sistemas Arrecifales, Instituto de Ciencias del Mar y Limnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Puerto Morelos, Quintana Roo, México 77580
- Doctorado en Ciencias Biomédicas, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, UNAM, México 77580
| | - Roberto González-Gómez
- Posgrado en Ecología y Pesquerías, Universidad Veracruzana, Boca del Río, Veracruz, México 94290
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Pesquerías, Universidad Veracruzana, Boca del Río, Veracruz, México 94290
| | - Gabriel Fajardo-Alvarado
- Posgrado en Ecología y Pesquerías, Universidad Veracruzana, Boca del Río, Veracruz, México 94290
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Pesquerías, Universidad Veracruzana, Boca del Río, Veracruz, México 94290
| | - Piedad S Morillo-Velarde
- Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Pesquerías, Universidad Veracruzana, Boca del Río, Veracruz, México 94290
- CONACyT-Instituto de Ciencias Marinas y Pesquerías, Universidad Veracruzana, Boca del Río, Veracruz, México 94290
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27
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García-Fernández P, Prado-Alvarez M, Nande M, Garcia de la Serrana D, Perales-Raya C, Almansa E, Varó I, Gestal C. Global impact of diet and temperature over aquaculture of Octopus vulgaris paralarvae from a transcriptomic approach. Sci Rep 2019; 9:10312. [PMID: 31311948 PMCID: PMC6635378 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-46492-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 06/18/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Common octopus, Octopus vulgaris, is an economically important cephalopod species. However, its rearing under captivity is currently challenged by massive mortalities previous to their juvenile stage due to nutritional and environmental factors. Dissecting the genetic basis and regulatory mechanism behind this mortality requires genomic background knowledge. A transcriptomic sequencing of 10 dph octopus paralarvae from different experimental conditions was constructed via RNA-seq. A total of 613,767,530 raw reads were filtered and de novo assembled into 363,527 contigs of which 82,513 were annotated in UniProt carrying also their GO and KEGG information. Differential gene expression analysis was carried out on paralarvae reared under different diet regimes and temperatures, also including wild paralarvae. Genes related to lipid metabolism exhibited higher transcriptional levels in individuals whose diet includes crustacean zoeas, which had an impact over their development and immune response capability. High temperature induces acclimation processes at the time that increase metabolic demands and oxidative stress. Wild individuals show an expression profile unexpectedly similar to Artemia fed individuals. Proteomic results support the hypothesis revealed by transcriptional analysis. The comparative study of the O. vulgaris transcriptomic profiles allowed the identification of genes that deserve to be further studied as candidates for biomarkers of development and health. The results obtained here on the transcriptional variations of genes caused by diet and temperature will provide new perspectives in understanding the molecular mechanisms behind nutritional and temperature requirements of common octopus that will open new opportunities to deepen in paralarvae rearing requirements.
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Affiliation(s)
- P García-Fernández
- Marine Molecular Pathobiology Group, Institute of Marine Research (IIM-CSIC), Vigo, Spain
| | - M Prado-Alvarez
- Marine Molecular Pathobiology Group, Institute of Marine Research (IIM-CSIC), Vigo, Spain
| | - M Nande
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de Vigo, Vigo, Spain
| | - D Garcia de la Serrana
- Serra Húnter Fellow, Department of Cell Biology, Physiology and Immunology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - C Perales-Raya
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía. Centro Oceanográfico de Canarias, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - E Almansa
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía. Centro Oceanográfico de Canarias, Santa Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - I Varó
- Instituto de Acuicultura Torre de la Sal (IATS-CSIC), Castellón, Spain
| | - C Gestal
- Marine Molecular Pathobiology Group, Institute of Marine Research (IIM-CSIC), Vigo, Spain.
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28
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Juárez OE, López-Galindo L, Pérez-Carrasco L, Lago-Lestón A, Rosas C, Di Cosmo A, Galindo-Sánchez CE. Octopus maya white body show sex-specific transcriptomic profiles during the reproductive phase, with high differentiation in signaling pathways. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0216982. [PMID: 31095623 PMCID: PMC6522055 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0216982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
White bodies (WB), multilobulated soft tissue that wraps the optic tracts and optic lobes, have been considered the hematopoietic organ of the cephalopods. Its glandular appearance and its lobular morphology suggest that different parts of the WB may perform different functions, but a detailed functional analysis of the octopus WB is lacking. The aim of this study is to describe the transcriptomic profile of WB to better understand its functions, with emphasis on the difference between sexes during reproductive events. Then, validation via qPCR was performed using different tissues to find out tissue-specific transcripts. High differentiation in signaling pathways was observed in the comparison of female and male transcriptomic profiles. For instance, the expression of genes involved in the androgen receptor-signaling pathway were detected only in males, whereas estrogen receptor showed higher expression in females. Highly expressed genes in males enriched oxidation-reduction and apoptotic processes, which are related to the immune response. On the other hand, expression of genes involved in replicative senescence and the response to cortisol were only detected in females. Moreover, the transcripts with higher expression in females enriched a wide variety of signaling pathways mediated by molecules like neuropeptides, integrins, MAPKs and receptors like TNF and Toll-like. In addition, these putative neuropeptide transcripts, showed higher expression in females' WB and were not detected in other analyzed tissues. These results suggest that the differentiation in signaling pathways in white bodies of O. maya influences the physiological dimorphism between females and males during the reproductive phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oscar E. Juárez
- Departamento de Biotecnología Marina, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Zona Playitas, Ensenada, Baja California, México
| | - Laura López-Galindo
- Departamento de Biotecnología Marina, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Zona Playitas, Ensenada, Baja California, México
| | - Leonel Pérez-Carrasco
- Departamento de Biotecnología Marina, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Zona Playitas, Ensenada, Baja California, México
| | - Asunción Lago-Lestón
- Departamento de Innovación Biomédica, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Zona Playitas, Ensenada, Baja California, México
| | - Carlos Rosas
- Unidad Académica Sisal, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Puerto de Abrigo s/n, Sisal, Yucatán, México
| | - Anna Di Cosmo
- Dipartimento di Biologia, Università degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Napoli, Italia
| | - Clara E. Galindo-Sánchez
- Departamento de Biotecnología Marina, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada, Zona Playitas, Ensenada, Baja California, México
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29
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Ponte G, Andrews P, Galligioni V, Pereira J, Fiorito G. Cephalopod Welfare, Biological and Regulatory Aspects: An EU Experience. Anim Welf 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-13947-6_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
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30
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31
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O’Brien CE, Roumbedakis K, Winkelmann IE. The Current State of Cephalopod Science and Perspectives on the Most Critical Challenges Ahead From Three Early-Career Researchers. Front Physiol 2018; 9:700. [PMID: 29962956 PMCID: PMC6014164 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2018.00700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Here, three researchers who have recently embarked on careers in cephalopod biology discuss the current state of the field and offer their hopes for the future. Seven major topics are explored: genetics, aquaculture, climate change, welfare, behavior, cognition, and neurobiology. Recent developments in each of these fields are reviewed and the potential of emerging technologies to address specific gaps in knowledge about cephalopods are discussed. Throughout, the authors highlight specific challenges that merit particular focus in the near-term. This review and prospectus is also intended to suggest some concrete near-term goals to cephalopod researchers and inspire those working outside the field to consider the revelatory potential of these remarkable creatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin E. O’Brien
- Normandie Univ., UNICAEN, Rennes 1 Univ., UR1, CNRS, UMR 6552 ETHOS, Caen, France
- Association for Cephalopod Research – CephRes, Naples, Italy
| | - Katina Roumbedakis
- Association for Cephalopod Research – CephRes, Naples, Italy
- Dipartimento di Scienze e Tecnologie, Università degli Studi del Sannio, Benevento, Italy
| | - Inger E. Winkelmann
- Section for Evolutionary Genomics, Natural History Museum of Denmark, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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32
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Bastos P, Vieira G, Reis ID, Costa R, Lopes G. Comportamento alimentar de paralarvas do polvo Octopus vulgaris Tipo II (Cuvier, 1797) alimentadas com artêmia enriquecida com microalgas e suplementada com DHA. ARQ BRAS MED VET ZOO 2018. [DOI: 10.1590/1678-4162-9731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- P. Bastos
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - G.C. Vieira
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | | | - R.L. Costa
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - G.R. Lopes
- Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina, Brazil
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33
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Ibarra-García LE, Tovar-Ramírez D, Rosas C, Campa-Córdova ÁI, Mazón-Suástegui JM. Digestive enzymes of the Californian two-spot octopus, Octopus bimaculoides (Pickford and McConnaughey, 1949). Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2018; 215:10-18. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2017.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 10/17/2017] [Accepted: 10/19/2017] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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Villanueva R, Perricone V, Fiorito G. Cephalopods as Predators: A Short Journey among Behavioral Flexibilities, Adaptions, and Feeding Habits. Front Physiol 2017; 8:598. [PMID: 28861006 PMCID: PMC5563153 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2017] [Accepted: 08/03/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The diversity of cephalopod species and the differences in morphology and the habitats in which they live, illustrates the ability of this class of molluscs to adapt to all marine environments, demonstrating a wide spectrum of patterns to search, detect, select, capture, handle, and kill prey. Photo-, mechano-, and chemoreceptors provide tools for the acquisition of information about their potential preys. The use of vision to detect prey and high attack speed seem to be a predominant pattern in cephalopod species distributed in the photic zone, whereas in the deep-sea, the development of mechanoreceptor structures and the presence of long and filamentous arms are more abundant. Ambushing, luring, stalking and pursuit, speculative hunting and hunting in disguise, among others are known modes of hunting in cephalopods. Cannibalism and scavenger behavior is also known for some species and the development of current culture techniques offer evidence of their ability to feed on inert and artificial foods. Feeding requirements and prey choice change throughout development and in some species, strong ontogenetic changes in body form seem associated with changes in their diet and feeding strategies, although this is poorly understood in planktonic and larval stages. Feeding behavior is altered during senescence and particularly in brooding octopus females. Cephalopods are able to feed from a variety of food sources, from detritus to birds. Their particular requirements of lipids and copper may help to explain why marine crustaceans, rich in these components, are common prey in all cephalopod diets. The expected variation in climate change and ocean acidification and their effects on chemoreception and prey detection capacities in cephalopods are unknown and needs future research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roger Villanueva
- Institut de Ciències del Mar, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas (CSIC)Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Graziano Fiorito
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton DohrnNapoli, Italy
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35
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Nande M, Presa P, Roura Á, Andrews PLR, Pérez M. Prey Capture, Ingestion, and Digestion Dynamics of Octopus vulgaris Paralarvae Fed Live Zooplankton. Front Physiol 2017; 8:573. [PMID: 28860996 PMCID: PMC5562678 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2017] [Accepted: 07/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Octopus vulgaris is a species of great interest in research areas such as neurobiology, ethology, and ecology but also a candidate species for aquaculture as a food resource and for alleviating the fishing pressure on its wild populations. This study aimed to characterize the predatory behavior of O. vulgaris paralarvae and to quantify their digestive activity. Those processes were affordable using the video-recording analysis of 3 days post-hatching (dph), mantle-transparent paralarvae feeding on 18 types of live zooplanktonic prey. We show for the first time in a live cephalopod that octopus paralarvae attack, immobilize, drill, and ingest live cladocerans and copepods with 100% efficiency, which decreases dramatically to 60% on decapod prey (Pisidia longicornis). The majority (85%) of successful attacks targeted the prey cephalothorax while unsuccessful attacks either targeted the dorsal cephalothorax or involved prey defensive strategies (e.g., juvenile crab megalopae) or prey protected by thick carapaces (e.g., gammaridae amphipods). After immobilization, the beak, the buccal mass and the radula were involved in exoskeleton penetration and content ingestion. Ingestion time of prey content was rapid for copepods and cladocerans (73.13 ± 23.34 s) but much slower for decapod zoeae and euphausiids (152.49 ± 29.40 s). Total contact time with prey was always <5 min. Contrary to the conventional view of crop filling dynamics observed in adult O. vulgaris, food accumulated first in the stomach of paralarvae and the crop filled after the stomach volume plateaued. Peristaltic crop contractions (~18/min) moved food into the stomach (contractions ~30/min) from where it passed to the caecum. Pigmented food particles were seen to enter the digestive gland, 312 ± 32 s after the crop reached its maximum volume. Digestive tract contents passed into the terminal intestine by peristalsis (contraction frequency ~50/min) and defaecation was accompanied by an increased frequency of mantle contractions. Current results provide novel insights into both, O. vulgaris paralarvae—live prey capture strategies and the physiological mechanisms following ingestion, providing key information required to develop an effective rearing protocol for O. vulgaris paralarvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Nande
- Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Faculty of Biology, University of VigoVigo, Spain.,Grupo de Acuicultura Marina, IEO-VigoVigo, Spain
| | - Pablo Presa
- Laboratory of Marine Genetic Resources, Faculty of Biology, University of VigoVigo, Spain
| | - Álvaro Roura
- ECOBIOMAR, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas, Consejo Superior de Investigaciones CientíficasVigo, Spain
| | - Paul L R Andrews
- Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton DohrnNapoli, Italy
| | - Montse Pérez
- Grupo de Acuicultura Marina, IEO-VigoVigo, Spain
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36
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Song W, Mu C, Li R, Wang C. Peroxiredoxin 1 from cuttlefish (Sepiella maindroni): Molecular characterization of development and its immune response against Vibrio alginolyticus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 67:596-603. [PMID: 28619362 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2017.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/17/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
The aim of this work was constructive to understand the function of peroxiredoxin (PRDX) family member Peroxiredoxin 1 in Sepiella maindroni (SmPrx1) through molecular mechanisms of reproduction, embryonic development and immune responses to Vibrio alginolyticus. The full-length cDNA of SmPrx1 was of 1062 bp, contains a 5' untranslated region (UTR) of 79bp, a 3' UTR of 359 bp, an open reading frame of 624 bp encoding 207 amino acids. The conserved peroxidase catalytic center "FYPLDFTFVCPTEI" and "GEVCPA" were observed in the sequence of SmPrx1; this indicated that it was a member of 2-Cys Prx. Quantitative real-time (qRT)-PCR assays revealed that SmPrx1 was ubiquitously expressed in all examined tissues, muscle, ink sac, liver, ovary, testis, intestine, gill and totally blood cells, and showed high levels in testis. SmPrx1 mRNA was ubiquitously detected in all tested tissues, and the expression was comparatively high in testis, hemocyte, liver and ovary. Moreover, the SmPrx1 gene transcript was detected at all five stages of embryonic development phases that were respectively the zygote stage, the pre-embryonic stage, the organogenesis stage, the morphological integrity stage, the pre-hatching stage. The general tendency of expression was gradually increased and rapidly decreased. High expressed in progenitive tissues and embryonic development exhibit the proliferation-associated protein characterization like in mammal. The expression levels of SmPrx1 in liver and hemocytes grew swiftly and quickly reached peak value after Vibrio alginolyticus challenge. As hours passed by, the expression level began to reduce and resumed to normal levels after 48 h. The antioxidant activity and peroxidase activity of SmPrx1 were 6.17 U/mg. The results showed that the recombined protein of SmPrx1 had antioxidant activity and was the importance part of the antioxidant system in Sepiella maindroni. This study provides useful information to help further understand the functional mechanism of Prx 1 in marine cephalopod immunity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Weiwei Song
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology (Ningbo University), Ministry of Education, Ningbo, 315211, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Changkao Mu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology (Ningbo University), Ministry of Education, Ningbo, 315211, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Ronghua Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology (Ningbo University), Ministry of Education, Ningbo, 315211, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
| | - Chunlin Wang
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology (Ningbo University), Ministry of Education, Ningbo, 315211, China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Zhejiang Marine High-efficiency and Healthy Aquaculture, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China.
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Sykes AV, Almansa E, Cooke GM, Ponte G, Andrews PLR. The Digestive Tract of Cephalopods: a Neglected Topic of Relevance to Animal Welfare in the Laboratory and Aquaculture. Front Physiol 2017; 8:492. [PMID: 28769814 PMCID: PMC5511845 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 06/27/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Maintenance of health and welfare of a cephalopod is essential whether it is in a research, aquaculture or public display. The inclusion of cephalopods in the European Union legislation (Directive 2010/63/EU) regulating the use of animals for scientific purposes has prompted detailed consideration and review of all aspects of the care and welfare of cephalopods in the laboratory but the information generated will be of utility in other settings. We overview a wide range of topics of relevance to cephalopod digestive tract physiology and their relationship to the health and welfare of these animals. Major topics reviewed include: (i) Feeding cephalopods in captivity which deals with live food and prepared diets, feeding frequency (ad libitum vs. intermittent) and the amount of food provided; (ii) The particular challenges in feeding hatchlings and paralarvae, as feeding and survival of paralarvae remain major bottlenecks for aquaculture e.g., Octopus vulgaris; (iii) Digestive tract parasites and ingested toxins are discussed not only from the perspective of the impact on digestive function and welfare but also as potential confounding factors in research studies; (iv) Food deprivation is sometimes necessary (e.g., prior to anesthesia and surgery, to investigate metabolic control) but what is the impact on a cephalopod, how can it be assessed and how does the duration relate to regulatory threshold and severity assessment? Reduced food intake is also reviewed in the context of setting humane end-points in experimental procedures; (v) A range of experimental procedures are reviewed for their potential impact on digestive tract function and welfare including anesthesia and surgery, pain and stress, drug administration and induced developmental abnormalities. The review concludes by making some specific recommendations regarding reporting of feeding data and identifies a number of areas for further investigation. The answer to many of the questions raised here will rely on studies of the physiology of the digestive tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- António V Sykes
- Centro de Ciências do Mar do Algarve, Universidade do AlgarveFaro, Portugal
| | - Eduardo Almansa
- Centro Oceanográfico de Canarias, Instituto Español de OceanografíaSanta Cruz de Tenerife, Spain
| | - Gavan M Cooke
- Department of Life Sciences, Anglia Ruskin UniversityCambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Giovanna Ponte
- Association for Cephalopod Research (CephRes)Naples, Italy.,Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton DohrnVilla Comunale, Naples, Italy
| | - Paul L R Andrews
- Association for Cephalopod Research (CephRes)Naples, Italy.,Department of Biology and Evolution of Marine Organisms, Stazione Zoologica Anton DohrnVilla Comunale, Naples, Italy
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Roura Á, Doyle SR, Nande M, Strugnell JM. You Are What You Eat: A Genomic Analysis of the Gut Microbiome of Captive and Wild Octopus vulgaris Paralarvae and Their Zooplankton Prey. Front Physiol 2017; 8:362. [PMID: 28620315 PMCID: PMC5450036 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2017] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
The common octopus (Octopus vulgaris) is an attractive species for aquaculture, however, several challenges inhibit sustainable commercial production. Little is known about the early paralarval stages in the wild, including diet and intestinal microbiota, which likely play a significant role in development and vitality of this important life stage. High throughput sequencing was used to characterize the gastrointestinal microbiome of wild O. vulgaris paralarvae collected from two different upwelling regions off the coast of North West Spain (n = 41) and Morocco (n = 35). These were compared to that of paralarvae reared with Artemia for up to 25 days in captivity (n = 29). In addition, the gastrointestinal microbiome of zooplankton prey (crabs, copepod and krill) was also analyzed to determine if the microbial communities present in wild paralarvae are derived from their diet. Paralarvae reared in captivity with Artemia showed a depletion of bacterial diversity, particularly after day 5, when almost half the bacterial species present on day 0 were lost and two bacterial families (Mycoplasmataceae and Vibrionaceae) dominated the microbial community. In contrast, bacterial diversity increased in wild paralarvae as they developed in the oceanic realm of both upwelling systems, likely due to the exposure of new bacterial communities via ingestion of a wide diversity of prey. Remarkably, the bacterial diversity of recently hatched paralarvae in captivity was similar to that of wild paralarvae and zooplankton, thus suggesting a marked effect of the diet in both the microbial community species diversity and evenness. This study provides a comprehensive overview of the bacterial communities inhabiting the gastrointestinal tract of O. vulgaris paralarvae, and reveals new research lines to challenge the current bottlenecks preventing sustainable octopus aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Álvaro Roura
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Evolution, La Trobe UniversityMelbourne, VIC, Australia.,Ecología y Biodiversidad Marina, Instituto de Investigaciones Marinas (CSIC)Vigo, Spain
| | - Stephen R Doyle
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Evolution, La Trobe UniversityMelbourne, VIC, Australia.,Parasite Genomic Group, Wellcome Trust Sanger InstituteCambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Manuel Nande
- Grupo de Acuicultura Marina, Instituto Español de OceanografíaVigo, Spain.,Departamento de Bioquímica, Genética e Inmunología, Universidad de VigoVigo, Spain
| | - Jan M Strugnell
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Evolution, La Trobe UniversityMelbourne, VIC, Australia.,Marine Biology and Aquaculture, James Cook UniversityTownsville, QLD, Australia
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Gallardo P, Olivares A, Martínez-Yáñez R, Caamal-Monsreal C, Domingues PM, Mascaró M, Sánchez A, Pascual C, Rosas C. Digestive Physiology of Octopus maya and O. mimus: Temporality of Digestion and Assimilation Processes. Front Physiol 2017; 8:355. [PMID: 28620313 PMCID: PMC5450419 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2017.00355] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 05/15/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Digestive physiology is one of the bottlenecks of octopus aquaculture. Although, there are successful experimentally formulated feeds, knowledge of the digestive physiology of cephalopods is fragmented, and focused mainly on Octopus vulgaris. Considering that the digestive physiology could vary in tropical and sub-tropical species through temperature modulations of the digestive dynamics and nutritional requirements of different organisms, the present review was focused on the digestive physiology timing of Octopus maya and Octopus mimus, two promising aquaculture species living in tropical (22-30°C) and sub-tropical (15-24°C) ecosystems, respectively. We provide a detailed description of how soluble and complex nutrients are digested, absorbed, and assimilated in these species, describing the digestive process and providing insight into how the environment can modulate the digestion and final use of nutrients for these and presumably other octopus species. To date, research on these octopus species has demonstrated that soluble protein and other nutrients flow through the digestive tract to the digestive gland in a similar manner in both species. However, differences in the use of nutrients were noted: in O. mimus, lipids were mobilized faster than protein, while in O. maya, the inverse process was observed, suggesting that lipid mobilization in species that live in relatively colder environments occurs differently to those in tropical ecosystems. Those differences are related to the particular adaptations of animals to their habitat, and indicate that this knowledge is important when formulating feed for octopus species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pedro Gallardo
- Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Docencia e Investigación, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoSisal, Mexico
| | - Alberto Olivares
- Departamento de Biotecnología, Facultad de Ciencias del Mar y Recursos Biológicos, Universidad de AntofagastaAntofagasta, Chile
| | - Rosario Martínez-Yáñez
- División de Ciencias de la Vida, Departamento de Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad de GuanajuatoIrapuato, Mexico
| | - Claudia Caamal-Monsreal
- Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Docencia e Investigación, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoSisal, Mexico
| | - Pedro M Domingues
- Instituto Español de Oceanografía, Centro Oceanográfico de VigoVigo, Spain
| | - Maite Mascaró
- Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Docencia e Investigación, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoSisal, Mexico
| | - Ariadna Sánchez
- Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Docencia e Investigación, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoSisal, Mexico
| | - Cristina Pascual
- Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Docencia e Investigación, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoSisal, Mexico
| | - Carlos Rosas
- Unidad Multidisciplinaria de Docencia e Investigación, Facultad de Ciencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de MéxicoSisal, Mexico
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Laptikhovsky V, Nikolaeva S, Rogov M. Cephalopod embryonic shells as a tool to reconstruct reproductive strategies in extinct taxa. Biol Rev Camb Philos Soc 2017; 93:270-283. [DOI: 10.1111/brv.12341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2017] [Revised: 04/18/2017] [Accepted: 05/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Svetlana Nikolaeva
- Department of Earth Sciences Natural History Museum; London SW7 5BD U.K
- Laboratory of Molluscs Borissiak Paleontological Institute; Russian Academy of Sciences; Moscow 117997 Russia
- Laboratory of Stratigraphy of Oil and Gas Bearing Reservoirs Kazan Federal University; Kazan 420000 Russia
| | - Mikhail Rogov
- Department of Stratigraphy Geological Institute; Russian Academy of Sciences; Moscow 119017 Russia
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Raimundo J, Ruano F, Pereira J, Mil-Homens M, Brito P, Vale C, Caetano M. Abnormal mortality of octopus after a storm water event: Accumulated lead and lead isotopes as fingerprints. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2017; 581-582:289-296. [PMID: 28087073 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2016.12.121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 12/16/2016] [Accepted: 12/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
Octopus vulgaris is a sedentary organism that inhabits coastal waters being exposed to anthropogenic compounds. Lead concentration in coastal environments reflects many processes and activities namely weathering, industrial and domestic discharges, and atmospheric deposition. Since lead isotopic composition is little affected by kinetic processes occurring between source and sink, its signature has been used to identify different Pb sources. After a short-term heavy rainfall, hundreds of octopus appeared dead in two Portuguese coastal areas. Histopathology and Pb levels and its stable isotopes were determined in tissues, such as digestive gland, of stranded octopus and compared to alive specimens, sediments and runoff material from the same areas. Histology results showed severe damage in stranded octopus tissues suggesting that death was probably associated to multiple organ failure linked to hypertrophy and exudates input. In addition, Pb in stranded specimens reach concentrations up to one order of magnitude above the levels reported for alive octopus. Pb isotopic signatures in stranded organisms were closer to runoff material pointing to a similar origin of Pb. In summary, the results in this study showed that a short-term runoff event might change abruptly the salinity leading to the disruption of the osmoregulation function of octopus and consequently leading to its death. The analyses of stable isotopic Pb signature in octopus tissues corroborate these results and points to a change in the Pb source due to runoff after the storm water event. Pb stable isotopes in octopus proved to be an adequate tool to confirm the cause of death and linking it to the environment conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- J Raimundo
- IPMA - Portuguese Institute of Sea and Atmosphere, Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6, 1495-006 Lisbon, Portugal; CIIMAR, Marine and Environmental Research Center, Rua dos Bragas, 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal.
| | - F Ruano
- IPMA - Portuguese Institute of Sea and Atmosphere, Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6, 1495-006 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - J Pereira
- IPMA - Portuguese Institute of Sea and Atmosphere, Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6, 1495-006 Lisbon, Portugal
| | - M Mil-Homens
- IPMA - Portuguese Institute of Sea and Atmosphere, Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6, 1495-006 Lisbon, Portugal; CIIMAR, Marine and Environmental Research Center, Rua dos Bragas, 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal
| | - P Brito
- IPMA - Portuguese Institute of Sea and Atmosphere, Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6, 1495-006 Lisbon, Portugal; CIIMAR, Marine and Environmental Research Center, Rua dos Bragas, 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal
| | - C Vale
- CIIMAR, Marine and Environmental Research Center, Rua dos Bragas, 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal
| | - M Caetano
- IPMA - Portuguese Institute of Sea and Atmosphere, Rua Alfredo Magalhães Ramalho, 6, 1495-006 Lisbon, Portugal
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42
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García-Fernández P, Castellanos-Martínez S, Iglesias J, Otero J, Gestal C. Selection of reliable reference genes for RT-qPCR studies in Octopus vulgaris paralarvae during development and immune-stimulation. J Invertebr Pathol 2016; 138:57-62. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jip.2016.06.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2015] [Revised: 06/01/2016] [Accepted: 06/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
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Castillo MG, Salazar KA, Joffe NR. The immune response of cephalopods from head to foot. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2015; 46:145-160. [PMID: 26117729 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2015.05.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2015] [Revised: 05/24/2015] [Accepted: 05/28/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Cephalopods are a diverse group of marine molluscs that have proven their worth in a vast array of ways, ranging from their importance within ecological settings and increasing commercial value, to their recent use as model organisms in biological research. However, despite their acknowledged importance, our understanding of basic cephalopod biology does not equate their ecological, societal, and scientific significance. Among these undeveloped research areas, cephalopod immunology stands out because it encompasses a wide variety of scientific fields including many within the biological and chemical sciences, and because of its potential biomedical and commercial relevance. This review aims to address the current knowledge on the topic of cephalopod immunity, focusing on components and functions already established as part of the animals' internal defense mechanisms, as well as identifying gaps that would benefit from future research. More specifically, the present review details both cellular and humoral defenses, and organizes them into sensor, signaling, and effector components. Molluscan, and particularly cephalopod immunology has lagged behind many other areas of study, but thanks to the efforts of many dedicated researchers and the assistance of modern technology, this gap is steadily decreasing. A better understanding of cephalopod immunity will have a positive impact on the health and survival of one of the most intriguing and unique animal groups on the planet, and will certainly influence many other areas of human interest such as ecology, evolution, physiology, symbiosis, and aquaculture.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Nina R Joffe
- New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM, USA
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44
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Hoving HJT, Perez JAA, Bolstad KSR, Braid HE, Evans AB, Fuchs D, Judkins H, Kelly JT, Marian JEAR, Nakajima R, Piatkowski U, Reid A, Vecchione M, Xavier JCC. The study of deep-sea cephalopods. ADVANCES IN MARINE BIOLOGY 2014; 67:235-359. [PMID: 24880796 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-800287-2.00003-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
"Deep-sea" cephalopods are here defined as cephalopods that spend a significant part of their life cycles outside the euphotic zone. In this chapter, the state of knowledge in several aspects of deep-sea cephalopod research are summarized, including information sources for these animals, diversity and general biogeography and life cycles, including reproduction. Recommendations are made for addressing some of the remaining knowledge deficiencies using a variety of traditional and more recently developed methods. The types of oceanic gear that are suitable for collecting cephalopod specimens and images are reviewed. Many groups of deep-sea cephalopods require taxonomic reviews, ideally based on both morphological and molecular characters. Museum collections play a vital role in these revisions, and novel (molecular) techniques may facilitate new use of old museum specimens. Fundamental life-cycle parameters remain unknown for many species; techniques developed for neritic species that could potentially be applied to deep-sea cephalopods are discussed. Reproductive tactics and strategies in deep-sea cephalopods are very diverse and call for comparative evolutionary and experimental studies, but even in the twenty-first century, mature individuals are still unknown for many species. New insights into diet and trophic position have begun to reveal a more diverse range of feeding strategies than the typically voracious predatory lifestyle known for many cephalopods. Regular standardized deep-sea cephalopod surveys are necessary to provide insight into temporal changes in oceanic cephalopod populations and to forecast, verify and monitor the impacts of global marine changes and human impacts on these populations.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jose Angel A Perez
- Centro de Ciências Tecnológicas da Terra e do Mar Universidade do Vale do Itajaí, Itajaí, Santa Catarina, Brazil
| | - Kathrin S R Bolstad
- Institute for Applied Ecology New Zealand, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Heather E Braid
- Institute for Applied Ecology New Zealand, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Aaron B Evans
- Institute for Applied Ecology New Zealand, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Dirk Fuchs
- Freie Universität Berlin, Institute of Geological Sciences, Branch Paleontology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Heather Judkins
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Florida St. Petersburg, St. Petersburg, Florida, USA
| | - Jesse T Kelly
- Institute for Applied Ecology New Zealand, Auckland University of Technology, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - José E A R Marian
- Departamento de Zoologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ryuta Nakajima
- Department of Art and Design, University of Minnesota Duluth, Duluth, Minnesota, USA
| | - Uwe Piatkowski
- GEOMAR, Helmholtz Centre for Ocean Research Kiel, Kiel, Germany
| | - Amanda Reid
- Australian Museum Research Institute, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Michael Vecchione
- NMFS National Systematics Laboratory, National Museum of Natural History, Washington, DC, USA
| | - José C C Xavier
- Institute of Marine Research, Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Coimbra, Portugal; British Antarctic Survey, NERC, Cambridge, United Kingdom
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