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Martinón‐Torres F, Gutierrez C, Cáceres A, Weber K, Torres A. How Does the Burden of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Compare to Influenza in Spanish Adults? Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2024; 18:e13341. [PMID: 38923767 PMCID: PMC11194680 DOI: 10.1111/irv.13341] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2024] [Accepted: 05/31/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) and influenza infections cause significant annual morbidity and mortality worldwide in at-risk populations. This study is aimed at assessing hospital burden and healthcare resource utilization (HRU) of RSV and influenza in adults in Spain. METHODS Data were obtained from the Projected Hospitalisation Database of inpatient episodes (ages: younger adults 18-50 and 51-64 years; older adults 65-74, 75-84, and ≥ 85 years) during 2015, 2017, and 2018 in Spanish public hospitals. Incidence, mean hospitalization, and HRU assessments, including length of stay (LOS), intensive care unit (ICU) usage, and age-standardized mortality rates, were collected and stratified by age group, with analyses focusing on the adult population (≥ 18 years old). RESULTS Mean hospitalization rate in the population across all years was lower in individuals with RSV versus influenza (7.2/100,000 vs. 49.7/100,000 individuals). ICU admissions and median LOS were similar by age group for both viruses. Age-standardized mortality was 6.3/100,000 individuals and 6.1/100,000 individuals in patients with RSV and influenza, respectively, and mortality rates were similar in older adults (≥ 65 years) for both viruses. CONCLUSIONS RSV and influenza infection were associated with considerable HRU. There is a substantial disease burden for RSV infection in older adults ≥ 65 years. While RSV hospitalization rates in adults reported here appeared lower than influenza, RSV is still underdiagnosed in the hospital setting and its incidence might be similar to, or higher than, influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Martinón‐Torres
- Translational Pediatrics and Infectious DiseasesHospital Clínico Universitario de Santiago de CompostelaSantiago de CompostelaSpain
- Genetics, Vaccines and Pediatric Infectious Diseases Research Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de SantiagoUniversidad de SantiagoSantiago de CompostelaSpain
- Consorcio Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES)Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
| | | | - Ana Cáceres
- Infectious Diseases and VaccinesJanssen‐CilagMadridSpain
| | - Karin Weber
- Global Medical Affairs IDVJanssen‐CilagViennaAustria
| | - Antoni Torres
- Consorcio Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Enfermedades Respiratorias (CIBERES)Instituto de Salud Carlos IIIMadridSpain
- Department of PneumonologyHospital Clinic of BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
- Pulmonology DepartmentAugust Pi i Sunyer Biomedical Research Institute (IDIBAPS)BarcelonaSpain
- ICREA Academia, Life and Medical SciencesUniversitat de BarcelonaBarcelonaSpain
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2
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Arsène S, Parès Y, Tixier E, Granjeon-Noriot S, Martin B, Bruezière L, Couty C, Courcelles E, Kahoul R, Pitrat J, Go N, Monteiro C, Kleine-Schultjann J, Jemai S, Pham E, Boissel JP, Kulesza A. In Silico Clinical Trials: Is It Possible? Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2716:51-99. [PMID: 37702936 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3449-3_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/14/2023]
Abstract
Modeling and simulation (M&S), including in silico (clinical) trials, helps accelerate drug research and development and reduce costs and have coined the term "model-informed drug development (MIDD)." Data-driven, inferential approaches are now becoming increasingly complemented by emerging complex physiologically and knowledge-based disease (and drug) models, but differ in setup, bottlenecks, data requirements, and applications (also reminiscent of the different scientific communities they arose from). At the same time, and within the MIDD landscape, regulators and drug developers start to embrace in silico trials as a potential tool to refine, reduce, and ultimately replace clinical trials. Effectively, silos between the historically distinct modeling approaches start to break down. Widespread adoption of in silico trials still needs more collaboration between different stakeholders and established precedence use cases in key applications, which is currently impeded by a shattered collection of tools and practices. In order to address these key challenges, efforts to establish best practice workflows need to be undertaken and new collaborative M&S tools devised, and an attempt to provide a coherent set of solutions is provided in this chapter. First, a dedicated workflow for in silico clinical trial (development) life cycle is provided, which takes up general ideas from the systems biology and quantitative systems pharmacology space and which implements specific steps toward regulatory qualification. Then, key characteristics of an in silico trial software platform implementation are given on the example of jinkō.ai (nova's end-to-end in silico clinical trial platform). Considering these enabling scientific and technological advances, future applications of in silico trials to refine, reduce, and replace clinical research are indicated, ranging from synthetic control strategies and digital twins, which overall shows promise to begin a new era of more efficient drug development.
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Saleh A, Abdelkader DH, El-Masry TA, Eliwa D, Alotaibi B, Negm WA, Elekhnawy E. Antiviral and antibacterial potential of electrosprayed PVA/PLGA nanoparticles loaded with chlorogenic acid for the management of coronavirus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa lung infection. ARTIFICIAL CELLS, NANOMEDICINE, AND BIOTECHNOLOGY 2023; 51:255-267. [PMID: 37154794 DOI: 10.1080/21691401.2023.2207606] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Respiratory tract infections are a common cause of morbidity and mortality globally. The current paper aims to treat this respiratory disorder. Therefore, we elucidated the phytochemical profile of Euphorbia milii flowers and isolated chlorogenic acid (CGA) for the first time. The electrospraying technique was utilized to prepare CGA nanoparticles in polyvinyl alcohol (PVA)/PLGA polymeric matrix. Complete in vitro characterizations were performed to determine particle size, polydispersity index (PDI), zeta potential, loading efficiency (LE), scanning electron microscopy and in vitro release study. The optimum formula (F2) with a particle size (454.36 ± 36.74 nm), a surface charge (-4.56 ± 0.84 mV), % of LE (80.23 ± 5.74), an initial burst (29.46 ± 4.79) and % cumulative release (97.42 ± 4.72) were chosen for further activities. In the murine lung infection model, PVA/PLGA NPs loaded with CGA (F2) demonstrated in vivo antibacterial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Using a plaque assay, the in vitro antiviral activity was investigated. The F2 exhibited antiviral activity against coronavirus (HCoV-229E) and (Middle East respiratory syndrome coronavirus (MERS-CoV), NRCEHKU270). The IC50 of F2 against HCoV-229E and MERS-CoV was 170 ± 1.1 and 223 ± 0.88 µg/mL, respectively. The values of IC50 of F2 were significantly lower (p < .05) than that of free CGA. Therefore, the encapsulation of CGA into electrospray PVA/PLGA NPs would be a promising tool as an antimicrobial agent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Asmaa Saleh
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Dalia H Abdelkader
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, College of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Thanaa A El-Masry
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Duaa Eliwa
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Badriyah Alotaibi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy, Princess Nourah bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Walaa A Negm
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
| | - Engy Elekhnawy
- Pharmaceutical Microbiology Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt
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4
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Chioma Mgbodile F, Nwagu TNT. Probiotic therapy, African fermented foods and food-derived bioactive peptides in the management of SARS-CoV-2 cases and other viral infections. BIOTECHNOLOGY REPORTS 2023; 38:e00795. [PMID: 37041970 PMCID: PMC10066861 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2023.e00795] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/04/2023]
Abstract
The current paper focuses on the impact of probiotics, African fermented foods and bioactive peptides on severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection severity and related viral infections. Using probiotics or bioactive peptides as therapeutic adjuncts appears superior to standard care alone. Probiotics play critical roles in innate and adaptive immune modulation by balancing the gut microbiota to combat viral infections, secondary bacterial infections and microbial dysbiosis. African fermented foods contain abundant potential probiotic microorganisms such as the lactic acid bacteria (LAB), Saccharomyces, and Bacillus. More so, fermented food-derived bioactive peptides play vital roles in preventing cardiovascular diseases, hypertension, lung injury, diabetes, and other COVID-19 comorbidities. Regularly incorporating potential probiotics and bioactive peptides into diets should enable a build-up of the benefits in the body system that may result in a better prognosis, especially in COVID-19 patients with underlying complexities. Despite the reported therapeutic potentials of probiotics and fermented foods, numerous setbacks exist regarding their application in disease management. These shortfalls underscore an evident need for more studies to evaluate the specific potentials of probiotics and traditional fermented foods in ameliorating SARS-CoV-2 and other viral infections.
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5
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Khan MA. Epidemiological studies on lower respiratory tract infection in children in the District Bannu, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. THE EGYPTIAN JOURNAL OF BRONCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1186/s43168-022-00119-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Lower respiratory tract infections are the leading cause of death in children globally and are transmitted by inhaling airborne droplets. The study demonstrated the prevalence of lower respiratory tract infections in children admitted to the Women and Children Hospital Bannu from February through November 2019. The cross-sectional study was conducted by obtaining indoor data from the official record maintained in the children’s wards.
Results
Males accounted for 649 (61.6%) and females 405 (38.4%) cases out of 1054 cases of the disease. Age group of ≤ 6 months showed 36.2% prevalence, followed by > 6 m ≤ 1 y (25.6%), > 1 y ≤ 2 y (17.1%), > 2 y ≤ 5 y (14.3%), > 5 ≤ 10 y (6.0%), and > 10 y ≤ 15 y (0.8%). Pediatric patients of age ≤ 2 y and ≤ 5 y contributed 78.9% and 93.3% to overall disease, respectively. The disease was at its peak in February (17.9%) while lowest in May (5.5%). The age group (≤ 6 m) was the dominant group in all months except August when replaced by the age group (> 6 m ≤ 1 y). The disease revealed higher prevalence during February-April and October-November.
Conclusions
Different age groups showed variation in the prevalence of the disease with an age group of ≤ 5 y contributing the largest share and seasonal peaks in the disease occurred. The present findings help in adopting strategies for effective control of the disease in different age groups of the children for their peak season.
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6
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Sitthikarnkha P, Uppala R, Niamsanit S, Sutra S, Thepsuthammarat K, Techasatian L, Teeratakulpisarn J. Epidemiology of acute lower respiratory tract infection hospitalizations in Thai children: A 5-year national data analysis. Influenza Other Respir Viruses 2022; 16:142-150. [PMID: 34523811 PMCID: PMC8692802 DOI: 10.1111/irv.12911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 09/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Lower respiratory tract infections (LRTIs) are the most common cause for hospitalization in pediatric patients. Pediatric patients with LRTIs are at an increased risk of morbidity and mortality. The national data analysis of epidemiologic variations facilitates awareness and develops solutions to prevent these conditions in the future. OBJECTIVE This study aims to evaluate the epidemiology, causative pathogens, morbidity, and mortality of LRTIs in pediatric patients of Thailand from 2015 to 2019. METHODS This was a retrospective study among pediatric patients aged between 0 and 18 years old admitted in hospitals due to LRTIs in Thailand from January 2015 to December 2019. The data were extracted from National Health Security Office using the International Statistical Classification of Diseases and Related Health Problems, 10th Revision, Thai Modification; ICD-10-TM of J09 to J22. RESULTS A total of 1,423,509 children hospitalized due to LRTIs were identified. Most of the patients were of age 1-5 years. Pneumonia was the most common LRTI (876,557 children, 61.58%) in hospitalized children. Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) is the main etiologic pathogen of bronchiolitis, which presents in approximately 10.86% of all episodes. Influenza viruses were found predominantly in children with pneumonia (15.52%). The mortality rate since 2015-2019 was highest in pneumonia under 1 year old (P < 0.001). Pneumonia in children under 5 years old had the highest mortality rate, which accounted for 11.85 per 100,000 children in 2019. CONCLUSIONS LRTIs had a high incidence rate of hospitalization and mortality, especially in children under 5 years old. Influenza virus was the most common pathogen of pneumonia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Rattapon Uppala
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of MedicineKhon Kaen UniversityKhon KaenThailand
| | - Sirapoom Niamsanit
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of MedicineKhon Kaen UniversityKhon KaenThailand
| | - Sumitr Sutra
- Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of MedicineKhon Kaen UniversityKhon KaenThailand
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7
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Estrela M, Magalhães Silva T, Pisco Almeida AM, Regueira C, Zapata-Cachafeiro M, Figueiras A, Roque F, Herdeiro MT. A roadmap for the development and evaluation of the eHealthResp online course. Digit Health 2022; 8:20552076221089088. [PMID: 35360007 PMCID: PMC8961349 DOI: 10.1177/20552076221089088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inappropriate antibiotic use constitutes one of the most concerning public
health issues, being one of the main causes of antibiotic resistance. Hence,
to tackle this issue, it is important to encourage the development of
educational interventions for health practitioners, namely by using digital
health tools. This study focuses on the description of the development and
validation process of the eHealthResp online course, a web platform directed
to physicians and pharmacists, with the overall goal of improving antibiotic
use for respiratory tract infections, along with the assessment of its
usability. Methods The eHealthResp platform and the courses, developed with a user-centered
design and based on Wordpress and MySQL, were based on a previously
developed online course. A questionnaire to assess the usability was
distributed among physicians (n = 6) and pharmacists (n = 6). Based on the
obtained results, statistical analyses were conducted to calculate the
usability score and appraise the design of the online course, as well as to
compare the overall scores attributed by both groups. Further qualitative
comments provided by the participants have also been analyzed. Results The eHealthResp contains two online courses directed to physicians and
pharmacists aiming to aid in the management of respiratory tract infections.
The average usability score of the eHealthResp online courses for physicians
and pharmacists was of 78.33 (±11.57, 95%CI), and 83.75 (±15.90, 95%CI),
respectively. Qualitative feedback emphasized the usefulness of the course,
including overall positive reviews regarding user-friendliness and
consistency. Conclusions This study led us to conclude that the eHealthResp online course is not
recognized as a complex web platform, as both qualitative and quantitative
feedback obtained were globally positive.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marta Estrela
- iBiMED - Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - Tânia Magalhães Silva
- iBiMED - Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | | | - Carlos Regueira
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15702 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health - CIBERESP), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Maruxa Zapata-Cachafeiro
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15702 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health - CIBERESP), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Adolfo Figueiras
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, University of Santiago de Compostela, 15702 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Consortium for Biomedical Research in Epidemiology and Public Health (CIBER Epidemiology and Public Health - CIBERESP), Santiago de Compostela, Spain.,Health Research Institute of Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), University of Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Fátima Roque
- Research Unit for Inland Development, Guarda Polytechnic Institute (UDI-IPG), Guarda, Portugal.,Health Sciences Research Center, University of Beira Interior (CICS-UBI), Covilhã, Portugal
| | - Maria Teresa Herdeiro
- iBiMED - Institute of Biomedicine, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
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8
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Bartsch YC, Wang C, Zohar T, Fischinger S, Atyeo C, Burke JS, Kang J, Edlow AG, Fasano A, Baden LR, Nilles EJ, Woolley AE, Karlson EW, Hopke AR, Irimia D, Fischer ES, Ryan ET, Charles RC, Julg BD, Lauffenburger DA, Yonker LM, Alter G. Humoral signatures of protective and pathological SARS-CoV-2 infection in children. Nat Med 2021; 27:454-462. [PMID: 33589825 PMCID: PMC8315827 DOI: 10.1038/s41591-021-01263-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 37.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 01/25/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) pandemic continues to spread relentlessly, associated with a high frequency of respiratory failure and mortality. Children experience largely asymptomatic disease, with rare reports of multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children (MIS-C). Identifying immune mechanisms that result in these disparate clinical phenotypes in children could provide critical insights into coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pathogenesis. Using systems serology, in this study we observed in 25 children with acute mild COVID-19 a functional phagocyte and complement-activating IgG response to SARS-CoV-2, similar to the acute responses generated in adults with mild disease. Conversely, IgA and neutrophil responses were significantly expanded in adults with severe disease. Moreover, weeks after the resolution of SARS-CoV-2 infection, children who develop MIS-C maintained highly inflammatory monocyte-activating SARS-CoV-2 IgG antibodies, distinguishable from acute disease in children but with antibody levels similar to those in convalescent adults. Collectively, these data provide unique insights into the potential mechanisms of IgG and IgA that might underlie differential disease severity as well as unexpected complications in children infected with SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Chuangqi Wang
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Tomer Zohar
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | | | - Caroline Atyeo
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - John S Burke
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Jaewon Kang
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Andrea G Edlow
- Massachusetts General Hospital Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Division of Maternal-Fetal Medicine, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Alessio Fasano
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Boston, MA, USA
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Alex R Hopke
- Massachusetts General Hospital, BioMEMS Resource Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Daniel Irimia
- Massachusetts General Hospital, BioMEMS Resource Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Eric S Fischer
- Department of Cancer Biology, Dana Farber Cancer Institute, Boston, MA, USA
- Department of Biological Chemistry and Molecular Pharmacology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Edward T Ryan
- Massachusetts General Hospital, BioMEMS Resource Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Richelle C Charles
- Massachusetts General Hospital, BioMEMS Resource Center, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Boris D Julg
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Douglas A Lauffenburger
- Department of Biological Engineering, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Lael M Yonker
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Mucosal Immunology and Biology Research Center, Boston, MA, USA.
- Massachusetts General Hospital, Department of Pediatrics, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Galit Alter
- Ragon Institute of MGH, MIT and Harvard, Cambridge, MA, USA.
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9
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Tarim EA, Karakuzu B, Oksuz C, Sarigil O, Kizilkaya M, Al-Ruweidi MKAA, Yalcin HC, Ozcivici E, Tekin HC. Microfluidic-based virus detection methods for respiratory diseases. EMERGENT MATERIALS 2021; 4:143-168. [PMID: 33786415 PMCID: PMC7992628 DOI: 10.1007/s42247-021-00169-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
With the recent SARS-CoV-2 outbreak, the importance of rapid and direct detection of respiratory disease viruses has been well recognized. The detection of these viruses with novel technologies is vital in timely prevention and treatment strategies for epidemics and pandemics. Respiratory viruses can be detected from saliva, swab samples, nasal fluid, and blood, and collected samples can be analyzed by various techniques. Conventional methods for virus detection are based on techniques relying on cell culture, antigen-antibody interactions, and nucleic acids. However, these methods require trained personnel as well as expensive equipment. Microfluidic technologies, on the other hand, are one of the most accurate and specific methods to directly detect respiratory tract viruses. During viral infections, the production of detectable amounts of relevant antibodies takes a few days to weeks, hampering the aim of prevention. Alternatively, nucleic acid-based methods can directly detect the virus-specific RNA or DNA region, even before the immune response. There are numerous methods to detect respiratory viruses, but direct detection techniques have higher specificity and sensitivity than other techniques. This review aims to summarize the methods and technologies developed for microfluidic-based direct detection of viruses that cause respiratory infection using different detection techniques. Microfluidics enables the use of minimal sample volumes and thereby leading to a time, cost, and labor effective operation. Microfluidic-based detection technologies provide affordable, portable, rapid, and sensitive analysis of intact virus or virus genetic material, which is very important in pandemic and epidemic events to control outbreaks with an effective diagnosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- E. Alperay Tarim
- Department of Bioengineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Betul Karakuzu
- Department of Bioengineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Cemre Oksuz
- Department of Bioengineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Oyku Sarigil
- Department of Bioengineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Melike Kizilkaya
- Department of Bioengineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, Izmir, Turkey
| | | | | | - Engin Ozcivici
- Department of Bioengineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, Izmir, Turkey
| | - H. Cumhur Tekin
- Department of Bioengineering, Izmir Institute of Technology, Urla, Izmir, Turkey
- METU MEMS Center, Ankara, Turkey
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10
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Mirzaei R, Attar A, Papizadeh S, Jeda AS, Hosseini-Fard SR, Jamasbi E, Kazemi S, Amerkani S, Talei GR, Moradi P, Jalalifar S, Yousefimashouf R, Hossain MA, Keyvani H, Karampoor S. The emerging role of probiotics as a mitigation strategy against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). Arch Virol 2021; 166:1819-1840. [PMID: 33745067 PMCID: PMC7980799 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-021-05036-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
COVID-19 is an acute respiratory infection accompanied by pneumonia caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), which has affected millions of people globally. To date, there are no highly efficient therapies for this infection. Probiotic bacteria can interact with the gut microbiome to strengthen the immune system, enhance immune responses, and induce appropriate immune signaling pathways. Several probiotics have been confirmed to reduce the duration of bacterial or viral infections. Immune fitness may be one of the approaches by which protection against viral infections can be reinforced. In general, prevention is more efficient than therapy in fighting viral infections. Thus, probiotics have emerged as suitable candidates for controlling these infections. During the COVID-19 pandemic, any approach with the capacity to induce mucosal and systemic reactions could potentially be useful. Here, we summarize findings regarding the effectiveness of various probiotics for preventing virus-induced respiratory infectious diseases, especially those that could be employed for COVID-19 patients. However, the benefits of probiotics are strain-specific, and it is necessary to identify the bacterial strains that are scientifically established to be beneficial.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasoul Mirzaei
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Student Research Committee, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Adeleh Attar
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Zanjan University of Medical Sciences, Zanjan, Iran
| | - Saher Papizadeh
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Ali Salimi Jeda
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Seyed Reza Hosseini-Fard
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Elaheh Jamasbi
- Department of Anatomical Sciences, Kermanshah University of Medical Science, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Sima Kazemi
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Saman Amerkani
- Department of Microbiology and Virology, School of Medicine, Kerman University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran
| | - Gholam Reza Talei
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Lorestan University of Medical Sciences, Khorramabad, Lorestan, Iran
| | - Pouya Moradi
- Department of Virology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Tarbiat Modares University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Saba Jalalifar
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Rasoul Yousefimashouf
- Department of Microbiology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
- Research Center for Molecular Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan, Iran
| | - Mohammad Akhter Hossain
- The Florey University of Neuroscience and Mental Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3010, Australia.
| | - Hossein Keyvani
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Sajad Karampoor
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
- Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases Research Center, Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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11
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Bag N, Jung JA, Kwon KA. Clinical considerations of febrile infants with respiratory symptoms according to the respiratory viral detection. ALLERGY ASTHMA & RESPIRATORY DISEASE 2016. [DOI: 10.4168/aard.2016.4.1.38] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Nury Bag
- Department of Pediatrics, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Jin-A Jung
- Department of Pediatrics, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Kyoung Ah Kwon
- Department of Pediatrics, Dong-A University College of Medicine, Busan, Korea
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12
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Lim JS, Woo SI, Kwon HI, Baek YH, Choi YK, Hahn YS. Clinical characteristics of acute lower respiratory tract infections due to 13 respiratory viruses detected by multiplex PCR in children. KOREAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS 2010. [DOI: 10.3345/kjp.2010.53.3.373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jeong-Sook Lim
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Sung-Il Woo
- Chuncheong Respiratory Disease Center, Chungbuk National University Hospital, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Hyuk-Il Kwon
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Yun-Hee Baek
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Young-Ki Choi
- Department of Microbiology, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
| | - Youn-Soo Hahn
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Korea
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13
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Park JS. Acute viral lower respiratory tract infections in children. KOREAN JOURNAL OF PEDIATRICS 2009. [DOI: 10.3345/kjp.2009.52.3.269] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Joon Soo Park
- Department of Pediatrics, Soonchunhyang University School of Medicine, Cheonan, Korea
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