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Koutroulis I, Kratimenos P, Hoptay C, O’Brien WN, Sanidas G, Byrd C, Triantafyllou M, Goldstein E, Jablonska B, Bharadwaj M, Gallo V, Freishtat R. Mesenchymal stem cell-derived small extracellular vesicles alleviate the immunometabolic dysfunction in murine septic encephalopathy. iScience 2024; 27:110573. [PMID: 39165840 PMCID: PMC11334791 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2023] [Revised: 05/20/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 08/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Sepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection that results in high mortality and long-term sequela. The central nervous system (CNS) is susceptible to injury from infectious processes, which can lead to clinical symptoms of septic encephalopathy (SE). SE is linked to a profound energetic deficit associated with immune dysregulation. Here, we show that intravenous administration of adipose tissue mesenchymal stem cell (MSC)-derived small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) in septic mice improved disease outcomes by reducing SE clinical severity, restoring aerobic metabolism, and lowering pro-inflammatory cytokines in the cerebellum, a key region affected by SE. Our high throughput analysis showed that MSC-derived sEVs partially reversed sepsis-induced transcriptomic changes, highlighting the potential association of miRNA regulators in the cerebellum of MSC-derived sEV-treated mice with miRNAs identified in sEV cargo. MSC-derived sEVs could serve as a promising therapeutic agent in SE through their favorable immunometabolic properties.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ioannis Koutroulis
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Emergency Medicine, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC 20010, USA
- George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20010, USA
- Children’s National Research Institute, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Panagiotis Kratimenos
- George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20010, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Neonatology, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC 20010, USA
- Children’s National Research Institute, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Claire Hoptay
- Children’s National Research Institute, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Wade N. O’Brien
- Dartmouth College Geisel School of Medicine, Hanover, NH 03755, USA
| | - Georgios Sanidas
- Children’s National Research Institute, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Chad Byrd
- Children’s National Research Institute, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | | | - Evan Goldstein
- Augusta University Medical College of Georgia, Augusta, GA 30912, USA
| | - Beata Jablonska
- Children’s National Research Institute, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | | | - Vittorio Gallo
- George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20010, USA
- Children’s National Research Institute, Washington, DC 20010, USA
| | - Robert Freishtat
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Emergency Medicine, Children’s National Hospital, Washington, DC 20010, USA
- George Washington University School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Washington, DC 20010, USA
- Children’s National Research Institute, Washington, DC 20010, USA
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2
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Buyse C, Mignion L, Joudiou N, Melloul S, Driesschaert B, Gallez B. Sensitive simultaneous measurements of oxygenation and extracellular pH by EPR using a stable monophosphonated trityl radical and lithium phthalocyanine. Free Radic Biol Med 2024; 213:11-18. [PMID: 38218552 PMCID: PMC10923140 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2024.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 01/09/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
The monitoring of acidosis and hypoxia is crucial because both factors promote cancer progression and impact the efficacy of anti-cancer treatments. A phosphonated tetrathiatriarylmethyl (pTAM) has been previously described to monitor both parameters simultaneously, but the sensitivity to tackle subtle changes in oxygenation was limited. Here, we describe an innovative approach combining the pTAM radical and lithium phthalocyanine (LiPc) crystals to provide sensitive simultaneous measurements of extracellular pH (pHe) and pO2. Both parameters can be measured simultaneously as both EPR spectra do not overlap, with a gain in sensitivity to pO2 variations by a factor of 10. This procedure was applied to characterize the impact of carbogen breathing in a breast cancer 4T1 model as a proof-of-concept. No significant change in pHe and pO2 was observed using pTAM alone, while LiPc detected a significant increase in tumor oxygenation. Interestingly, we observed that pTAM systematically overestimated the pO2 compared to LiPc. In addition, we analyzed the impact of an inhibitor (UK-5099) of the mitochondrial pyruvate carrier (MPC) on the tumor microenvironment. In vitro, the exposure of 4T1 cells to UK-5099 for 24 h induced a decrease in pHe and oxygen consumption rate (OCR). In vivo, a significant decrease in tumor pHe was observed in UK-5099-treated mice, while there was no change for mice treated with the vehicle. Despite the change observed in OCR, no significant change in tumor oxygenation was observed after the UK-5099 treatment. This approach is promising for assessing in vivo the effect of treatments targeting tumor metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe Buyse
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Research Group (REMA), Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lionel Mignion
- Nuclear and Electron Spin Technologies Platform (NEST), Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Nicolas Joudiou
- Nuclear and Electron Spin Technologies Platform (NEST), Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Samia Melloul
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Research Group (REMA), Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Benoit Driesschaert
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, School of Pharmacy & In Vivo Multifunctional Magnetic Resonance Center, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV, USA
| | - Bernard Gallez
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Research Group (REMA), Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), UCLouvain, Brussels, Belgium.
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3
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Carbone M, Mathieu B, Vandensande Y, Gallez B. Impact of Exposure to Pyraclostrobin and to a Pyraclostrobin/Boscalid Mixture on the Mitochondrial Function of Human Hepatocytes. Molecules 2023; 28:7013. [PMID: 37894492 PMCID: PMC10609024 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28207013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2023] [Revised: 09/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Fungicides are widely used in agriculture for crop protection. Succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHIs) and strobilurins inhibit mitochondria electron transport chain (ETC) in fungi, by blocking complex II and complex III, respectively. Questions regarding their selectivity of action for fungi have been raised in the literature, and we previously showed that boscalid and bixafen (SDHIs) alter the mitochondrial function of human hepatocytes. Here, we analyzed the impact of the exposure of human hepatocytes to pyraclostrobin, a fungicide belonging to the class of strobilurins. Using electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR), we observed a decrease in oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and an increase in mitochondrial superoxide levels after 24 h exposure to 0.5 µM concentration. As a consequence, the content in ATP amount in the cells was reduced, the ratio reduced/oxidized glutathione was decreased, and a decrease in cell viability was observed using three different assays (PrestoBlue, crystal violet, and annexin V assays). In addition, as SDHIs and strobilurins are commonly associated in commercial preparations, we evaluated a potential "cocktail" toxic effect. We selected low concentrations of boscalid (0.5 µM) and pyraclostrobin (0.25 µM) that did not induce a mitochondrial dysfunction in liver cells when used separately. In sharp contrast, when both compounds were used in combination at the same concentration, we observed a decrease in OCR, an increase in mitochondrial superoxide production, a decrease in the ratio reduced/oxidized glutathione, and a decrease in cell viability in three different assays.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Bernard Gallez
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Avenue Mounier 73.08, B-1200 Brussels, Belgium; (M.C.); (B.M.); (Y.V.)
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4
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Rickard BP, Overchuk M, Chappell VA, Kemal Ruhi M, Sinawang PD, Nguyen Hoang TT, Akin D, Demirci U, Franco W, Fenton SE, Santos JH, Rizvi I. Methods to Evaluate Changes in Mitochondrial Structure and Function in Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:2564. [PMID: 37174030 PMCID: PMC10177605 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15092564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Revised: 04/25/2023] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria are regulators of key cellular processes, including energy production and redox homeostasis. Mitochondrial dysfunction is associated with various human diseases, including cancer. Importantly, both structural and functional changes can alter mitochondrial function. Morphologic and quantifiable changes in mitochondria can affect their function and contribute to disease. Structural mitochondrial changes include alterations in cristae morphology, mitochondrial DNA integrity and quantity, and dynamics, such as fission and fusion. Functional parameters related to mitochondrial biology include the production of reactive oxygen species, bioenergetic capacity, calcium retention, and membrane potential. Although these parameters can occur independently of one another, changes in mitochondrial structure and function are often interrelated. Thus, evaluating changes in both mitochondrial structure and function is crucial to understanding the molecular events involved in disease onset and progression. This review focuses on the relationship between alterations in mitochondrial structure and function and cancer, with a particular emphasis on gynecologic malignancies. Selecting methods with tractable parameters may be critical to identifying and targeting mitochondria-related therapeutic options. Methods to measure changes in mitochondrial structure and function, with the associated benefits and limitations, are summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brittany P. Rickard
- Curriculum in Toxicology & Environmental Medicine, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Marta Overchuk
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
| | - Vesna A. Chappell
- Mechanistic Toxicology Branch, Division of Translational Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Mustafa Kemal Ruhi
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Boğaziçi University, Istanbul 34684, Turkey
| | - Prima Dewi Sinawang
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Tina Thuy Nguyen Hoang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
| | - Demir Akin
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
- Center for Cancer Nanotechnology Excellence for Translational Diagnostics (CCNE-TD), School of Medicine, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USA
| | - Utkan Demirci
- Canary Center at Stanford for Cancer Early Detection, Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, Palo Alto, CA 94304, USA
| | - Walfre Franco
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Massachusetts Lowell, Lowell, MA 01854, USA
| | - Suzanne E. Fenton
- Mechanistic Toxicology Branch, Division of Translational Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Janine H. Santos
- Mechanistic Toxicology Branch, Division of Translational Toxicology, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, NC 27709, USA
| | - Imran Rizvi
- Joint Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC, and North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27695, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Center for Environmental Health and Susceptibility, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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Ahmad F, Ramamorthy S, Areeshi MY, Ashraf GM, Haque S. Isolated Mitochondrial Preparations and In organello Assays: A Powerful and Relevant Ex vivo Tool for Assessment of Brain (Patho)physiology. Curr Neuropharmacol 2023; 21:1433-1449. [PMID: 36872352 PMCID: PMC10324330 DOI: 10.2174/1570159x21666230303123555] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 10/30/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 03/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondria regulate multiple aspects of neuronal development, physiology, plasticity, and pathology through their regulatory roles in bioenergetic, calcium, redox, and cell survival/death signalling. While several reviews have addressed these different aspects, a comprehensive discussion focussing on the relevance of isolated brain mitochondria and their utilities in neuroscience research has been lacking. This is relevant because the employment of isolated mitochondria rather than their in situ functional evaluation, offers definitive evidence of organelle-specificity, negating the interference from extra mitochondrial cellular factors/signals. This mini-review was designed primarily to explore the commonly employed in organello analytical assays for the assessment of mitochondrial physiology and its dysfunction, with a particular focus on neuroscience research. The authors briefly discuss the methodologies for biochemical isolation of mitochondria, their quality assessment, and cryopreservation. Further, the review attempts to accumulate the key biochemical protocols for in organello assessment of a multitude of mitochondrial functions critical for neurophysiology, including assays for bioenergetic activity, calcium and redox homeostasis, and mitochondrial protein translation. The purpose of this review is not to examine each and every method or study related to the functional assessment of isolated brain mitochondria, but rather to assemble the commonly used protocols of in organello mitochondrial research in a single publication. The hope is that this review will provide a suitable platform aiding neuroscientists to choose and apply the required protocols and tools to address their particular mechanistic, diagnostic, or therapeutic question dealing within the confines of the research area of mitochondrial patho-physiology in the neuronal perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Faraz Ahmad
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology (SBST), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, India
| | - Siva Ramamorthy
- Department of Biotechnology, School of Bio Sciences and Technology (SBST), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, 632014, India
| | - Mohammed Y. Areeshi
- Medical Laboratory Technology Department, College of Applied Medical Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ghulam Md. Ashraf
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, College of Health Sciences, and Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Shafiul Haque
- Research and Scientific Studies Unit, College of Nursing and Allied Health Sciences, Jazan University, Jazan, 45142, Saudi Arabia
- Gilbert and Rose-Marie Chagoury School of Medicine, Lebanese American University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Centre of Medical and Bio-Allied Health Sciences Research, Ajman University, Ajman, United Arab Emirates
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Ayvazyan N, Ghukasyan G, Ghulikyan L, Kirakosyan G, Sevoyan G, Voskanyan A, Karabekyan Z. The Contribution of Phospholipase A 2 and Metalloproteinases to the Synergistic Action of Viper Venom on the Bioenergetic Profile of Vero Cells. Toxins (Basel) 2022; 14:toxins14110724. [PMID: 36355974 PMCID: PMC9695613 DOI: 10.3390/toxins14110724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Increasing concern about the use of animal models has stimulated the development of in vitro cell culture models for analysis of the biological effects of snake venoms. However, the complexity of animal venoms and the extreme synergy of the venom components during envenomation calls for critical review and analysis. The epithelium is a primary target for injected viper venom's toxic substances, and therefore, is a focus in modern toxinology. We used the Vero epithelial cell line as a model to compare the actions of a crude Macrovipera lebetina obtusa (Levantine viper) venom with the actions of the same venom with two key enzymatic components inhibited (specifically, phospholipase A2 (PLA2) and metalloproteinases) in the bioenergetic cellular response, i.e., oxygen uptake and reactive oxygen species generation. In addition to the rate of free-radical oxidation and lipid peroxidation, we measured real-time mitochondrial respiration (based on the oxygen consumption rate) and glycolysis (based on the extracellular acidification rate) using a Seahorse analyzer. Our data show that viper venom drives an increase in both glycolysis and respiration in Vero cells, while the blockage of PLA2 or/and metalloproteinases affects only the rates of the oxidative phosphorylation. PLA2-blocking in venom also increases cytotoxic activity and the overproduction of reactive oxygen species. These data show that certain components of the venom may have a different effect within the venom cocktail other than the purified enzymes due to the synergy of the venom components.
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Tsujimura M, Kusamori K, Takamura K, Ito T, Kaya T, Shimizu K, Konishi S, Nishikawa M. Quality evaluation of cell spheroids for transplantation by monitoring oxygen consumption using an on-chip electrochemical device. BIOTECHNOLOGY REPORTS (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2022; 36:e00766. [PMID: 36245695 PMCID: PMC9562952 DOI: 10.1016/j.btre.2022.e00766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 10/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Three-dimensional cell spheroids are superior cell-administration form for cell-based therapy which generally exhibit superior functionality and long-term survival after transplantation. Here, we nondestructively measured the oxygen consumption rate of cell spheroids using an on-chip electrochemical device (OECD) and examined whether this rate can be used as a marker to estimate the quality of cell spheroids. Cell spheroids containing NanoLuc luciferase-expressing mouse mesenchymal stem cell line C3H10T1/2 (C3H10T1/2/Nluc) were prepared. Spheroids of high or low quality were prepared by altering the medium change frequency. After transplantation into mice, the high-quality C3H10T1/2/Nluc spheroids exhibited a higher survival rate than the low-quality ones. The oxygen consumption rate of the high-quality C3H10T1/2/Nluc spheroids was maintained at high levels, whereas that of the low-quality spheroids decreased with time. These results indicate that OECD-based measurement of the oxygen consumption rate can be used to estimate the quality of cell spheroids without destructive analysis of the spheroids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mari Tsujimura
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Kosuke Kusamori
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
- Corresponding author.
| | - Kodai Takamura
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
| | - Temmei Ito
- KONICA MINOLTA, INC., No.1 Sakura-machi, Hino-shi, Tokyo, 191-8511, Japan
| | - Takatoshi Kaya
- KONICA MINOLTA, INC., No.1 Sakura-machi, Hino-shi, Tokyo, 191-8511, Japan
| | - Kazunori Shimizu
- Department of Biomolecular Engineering, Graduate School of Engineering, Nagoya University, Furo-cho, Chikusa-ku, Nagoya, Aichi, 464-8603, Japan
| | - Satoshi Konishi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Graduate School of Science and Engineering, Ritsumeikan University, 1-1-1 Noji-higashi, Kusatsu, Shiga, 525-8577, Japan
| | - Makiya Nishikawa
- Laboratory of Biopharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda, Chiba, 278-8510, Japan
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d’Hose D, Mathieu B, Mignion L, Hardy M, Ouari O, Jordan BF, Sonveaux P, Gallez B. EPR Investigations to Study the Impact of Mito-Metformin on the Mitochondrial Function of Prostate Cancer Cells. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27185872. [PMID: 36144606 PMCID: PMC9504708 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27185872] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2022] [Revised: 09/04/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Background: Mito-metformin10 (MM10), synthesized by attaching a triphenylphosphonium cationic moiety via a 10-carbon aliphatic side chain to metformin, is a mitochondria-targeted analog of metformin that was recently demonstrated to alter mitochondrial function and proliferation in pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma. Here, we hypothesized that this compound may decrease the oxygen consumption rate (OCR) in prostate cancer cells, increase the level of mitochondrial ROS, alleviate tumor hypoxia, and radiosensitize tumors. Methods: OCR and mitochondrial superoxide production were assessed by EPR (9 GHz) in vitro in PC-3 and DU-145 prostate cancer cells. Reduced and oxidized glutathione were assessed before and after MM10 exposure. Tumor oxygenation was measured in vivo using 1 GHz EPR oximetry in PC-3 tumor model. Tumors were irradiated at the time of maximal reoxygenation. Results: 24-hours exposure to MM10 significantly decreased the OCR of PC-3 and DU-145 cancer cells. An increase in mitochondrial superoxide levels was observed in PC-3 but not in DU-145 cancer cells, an observation consistent with the differences observed in glutathione levels in both cancer cell lines. In vivo, the tumor oxygenation significantly increased in the PC-3 model (daily injection of 2 mg/kg MM10) 48 and 72 h after initiation of the treatment. Despite the significant effect on tumor hypoxia, MM10 combined to irradiation did not increase the tumor growth delay compared to the irradiation alone. Conclusions: MM10 altered the OCR in prostate cancer cells. The effect of MM10 on the superoxide level was dependent on the antioxidant capacity of cell line. In vivo, MM10 alleviated tumor hypoxia, yet without consequence in terms of response to irradiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatienne d’Hose
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Barbara Mathieu
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lionel Mignion
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Micael Hardy
- Institut de Chimie Radicalaire UMR 7273, Aix-Marseille Université/CNRS, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - Olivier Ouari
- Institut de Chimie Radicalaire UMR 7273, Aix-Marseille Université/CNRS, 13013 Marseille, France
| | - Bénédicte F. Jordan
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre Sonveaux
- Pole of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Institut de Recherches Expérimentales et Cliniques (IREC), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200 Brussels, Belgium
- Walloon Excellence in Life Sciences and Biotechnology (WELBIO) Research Institute, 1300 Wavre, Belgium
| | - Bernard Gallez
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200 Brussels, Belgium
- Correspondence:
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Fujimoto M, Higashiyama R, Yasui H, Yamashita K, Inanami O. Preclinical studies for improving radiosensitivity of non-small cell lung cancer cell lines by combining glutaminase inhibition and senolysis. Transl Oncol 2022; 21:101431. [PMID: 35452996 PMCID: PMC9043980 DOI: 10.1016/j.tranon.2022.101431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2021] [Revised: 03/18/2022] [Accepted: 04/11/2022] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal glutaminolysis is common in cancer cells with mutations. The glutaminase inhibitor CB839 enhanced radiosensitivity in A549 and H460 cells. Glutaminolysis inhibition led to an increase in cell senescence. The Bcl-2 family inhibitor ABT-263 induced transition from senescence to apoptosis. Combined glutaminolysis and senolysis may improve radiosensitivity in cancer cells.
Glutamine metabolism, known as glutaminolysis, is abnormally activated in many cancer cells with KRAS or BRAF mutations or active c-MYC. Glutaminolysis plays an important role in the proliferation of cancer cells with oncogenic mutations. In this study, we characterized radiation-induced cell death, which was enhanced by glutaminolysis inhibition in non-small cell lung cancer A549 and H460 cell lines with KRAS mutation. A clonogenic survival assay revealed that treatment with a glutaminase inhibitor, CB839, enhanced radiosensitivity. X-irradiation increased glutamate production, mitochondrial oxygen consumption, and ATP production, whereas CB839 treatment suppressed these effects. The data suggest that the enhancement of glutaminolysis-dependent energy metabolism for ATP production is important for survival after X-irradiation. Evaluation of the cell death phenotype revealed that glutaminolysis inhibitory treatment with CB839 or a low-glutamine medium significantly promoted the proliferation of β-galactosidase-positive and IL-6/IL-8 secretory cells among X-irradiated tumor cells, corresponding to an increase in the senescent cell population. Furthermore, treatment with ABT263, a Bcl-2 family inhibitor, transformed senescent cells into apoptotic cells. The findings suggest that combination treatment with a glutaminolysis inhibitor and a senolytic drug is useful for efficient radiotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Fujimoto
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Department of Applied Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan.
| | - Ritsuko Higashiyama
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Department of Applied Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan.
| | - Hironobu Yasui
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Department of Applied Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan.
| | - Koya Yamashita
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Department of Applied Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan.
| | - Osamu Inanami
- Laboratory of Radiation Biology, Department of Applied Veterinary Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Hokkaido University, Sapporo 060-0818, Japan.
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10
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Lee AL, Pandey AK, Chiniforoush S, Mandal M, Li J, Cramer CJ, Haynes CL, Pomerantz WCK. Development of a Highly Responsive Organofluorine Temperature Sensor for 19F Magnetic Resonance Applications. Anal Chem 2022; 94:3782-3790. [PMID: 35191677 PMCID: PMC9683353 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.1c04248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Temperature can affect many biological and chemical processes within a body. During in vivo measurements, varied temperature can impact the accurate quantification of additional abiotic factors such as oxygen. During magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) measurements, the temperature of the sample can increase with the absorption of radiofrequency energy, which needs to be well-regulated for thermal therapies and long exposure. To address this potentially confounding effect, temperature can be probed intentionally using reporter molecules to determine the temperature in vivo. This work describes a combined experimental and computational approach for the design of fluorinated molecular temperature sensors with the potential to improve the accuracy and sensitivity of 19F MRI-based temperature monitoring. These fluorinated sensors are being developed to overcome the temperature sensitivity and tissue limitations of the proton resonance frequency (10 × 10-3 ppm °C-1), a standard parameter used for temperature mapping in MRI. Here, we develop (perfluoro-[1,1'-biphenyl]-4,4'-diyl)bis((heptadecafluorodecyl)sulfane), which has a nearly 2-fold increase in temperature responsiveness, compared to the proton resonance frequency and the 19F MRI temperature sensor perfluorotributylamine, when tested under identical NMR conditions. While 19F MRI is in the early stages of translation into clinical practice, development of alternative sensors with improved diagnostic abilities will help advance the development and incorporation of fluorine magnetic resonance techniques for clinical use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amani L Lee
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414, United States
| | - Anil K Pandey
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414, United States
| | - Sina Chiniforoush
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414, United States
| | - Mukunda Mandal
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414, United States
| | - Jiaqian Li
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414, United States
| | | | - Christy L Haynes
- University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, Minnesota 55414, United States
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11
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d'Hose D, Gallez B. Measurement of Mitochondrial (Dys)Function in Cellular Systems Using Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR): Oxygen Consumption Rate and Superoxide Production. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2497:83-95. [PMID: 35771436 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2309-1_5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
The oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and superoxide production are crucial when assessing mitochondrial function and/or dysfunction. EPR spectroscopy allows the measurement of both components either independently or simultaneously in a same cellular or mitochondrial preparation. OCR determination using EPR oximetry is based on the change in EPR linewidth of a paramagnetic oxygen sensing probe (a perdeuterated nitroxide) in the presence of oxygen consuming cells in a closed system. Superoxide production can be monitored by the oxidation of cyclic hydroxylamines into nitroxides. The contribution of superoxide to the nitroxide formation is deduced from experiments in the presence and in the absence of SOD and PEG-SOD as appropriate controls.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatienne d'Hose
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium.
| | - Bernard Gallez
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
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12
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Tice RR, Bassan A, Amberg A, Anger LT, Beal MA, Bellion P, Benigni R, Birmingham J, Brigo A, Bringezu F, Ceriani L, Crooks I, Cross K, Elespuru R, Faulkner DM, Fortin MC, Fowler P, Frericks M, Gerets HHJ, Jahnke GD, Jones DR, Kruhlak NL, Lo Piparo E, Lopez-Belmonte J, Luniwal A, Luu A, Madia F, Manganelli S, Manickam B, Mestres J, Mihalchik-Burhans AL, Neilson L, Pandiri A, Pavan M, Rider CV, Rooney JP, Trejo-Martin A, Watanabe-Sailor KH, White AT, Woolley D, Myatt GJ. In Silico Approaches In Carcinogenicity Hazard Assessment: Current Status and Future Needs. COMPUTATIONAL TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2021; 20. [PMID: 35368437 DOI: 10.1016/j.comtox.2021.100191] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Historically, identifying carcinogens has relied primarily on tumor studies in rodents, which require enormous resources in both money and time. In silico models have been developed for predicting rodent carcinogens but have not yet found general regulatory acceptance, in part due to the lack of a generally accepted protocol for performing such an assessment as well as limitations in predictive performance and scope. There remains a need for additional, improved in silico carcinogenicity models, especially ones that are more human-relevant, for use in research and regulatory decision-making. As part of an international effort to develop in silico toxicological protocols, a consortium of toxicologists, computational scientists, and regulatory scientists across several industries and governmental agencies evaluated the extent to which in silico models exist for each of the recently defined 10 key characteristics (KCs) of carcinogens. This position paper summarizes the current status of in silico tools for the assessment of each KC and identifies the data gaps that need to be addressed before a comprehensive in silico carcinogenicity protocol can be developed for regulatory use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raymond R Tice
- RTice Consulting, Hillsborough, North Carolina, 27278, USA
| | | | - Alexander Amberg
- Sanofi Preclinical Safety, Industriepark Höchst, 65926 Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Lennart T Anger
- Genentech, Inc., South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | - Marc A Beal
- Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Government of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0K9
| | | | | | - Jeffrey Birmingham
- GlaxoSmithKline, David Jack Centre for R&D, Ware, Hertfordshire, SG12 0DP, United Kingdom
| | - Alessandro Brigo
- Roche Pharmaceutical Research & Early Development, Pharmaceutical Sciences, Roche Innovation, Center Basel, F. Hoffmann-La Roche Ltd, CH-4070, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Lidia Ceriani
- Humane Society International, 1000 Brussels, Belgium
| | - Ian Crooks
- British American Tobacco (Investments) Ltd, GR&D Centre, Southampton, SO15 8TL, United Kingdom
| | | | - Rosalie Elespuru
- Food and Drug Administration, Center for Devices and Radiological Health, Silver Spring, Maryland, 20993, USA
| | - David M Faulkner
- Chemical Sciences Division, Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, California, USA
| | - Marie C Fortin
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Ernest Mario School of Pharmacy, Rutgers University, Piscataway, New Jersey, 08855, USA
| | - Paul Fowler
- FSTox Consulting (Genetic Toxicology), Northamptonshire, United Kingdom
| | | | | | - Gloria D Jahnke
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709, USA
| | | | - Naomi L Kruhlak
- Food and Drug Administration, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, Silver Spring, Maryland, 20993, USA
| | - Elena Lo Piparo
- Chemical Food Safety Group, Nestlé Research, CH-1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland
| | - Juan Lopez-Belmonte
- Cuts Ice Ltd Chemical Food Safety Group, Nestlé Research, CH-1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland
| | - Amarjit Luniwal
- North American Science Associates (NAMSA) Inc., Minneapolis, Minnesota, 55426, USA
| | - Alice Luu
- Healthy Environments and Consumer Safety Branch, Health Canada, Government of Canada, Ottawa, Ontario, Canada K1A 0K9
| | - Federica Madia
- European Commission, Joint Research Centre (JRC), Ispra, Italy
| | - Serena Manganelli
- Chemical Food Safety Group, Nestlé Research, CH-1000 Lausanne 26, Switzerland
| | | | - Jordi Mestres
- IMIM Institut Hospital Del Mar d'Investigacions Mèdiques and Universitat Pompeu Fabra, Doctor Aiguader 88, Parc de Recerca Biomèdica, 08003 Barcelona, Spain; and Chemotargets SL, Baldiri Reixac 4, Parc Científic de Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain
| | | | - Louise Neilson
- Broughton Nicotine Services, Oak Tree House, Earby, Lancashire, BB18 6JZ United Kingdom
| | - Arun Pandiri
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709, USA
| | | | - Cynthia V Rider
- Division of the National Toxicology Program, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, 27709, USA
| | - John P Rooney
- Integrated Laboratory Systems, LLC., Morrisville, North Carolina, 27560, USA
| | | | - Karen H Watanabe-Sailor
- School of Mathematical and Natural Sciences, Arizona State University, West Campus, Glendale, Arizona, 85306, USA
| | - Angela T White
- GlaxoSmithKline, David Jack Centre for R&D, Ware, Hertfordshire, SG12 0DP, United Kingdom
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13
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Melo R, Armstrong V, Navarro F, Castro P, Mendoza L, Cotoras M. Characterization of the Fungitoxic Activity on Botrytis cinerea of N-phenyl-driman-9-carboxamides. J Fungi (Basel) 2021; 7:jof7110902. [PMID: 34829191 PMCID: PMC8623464 DOI: 10.3390/jof7110902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A total of 12 compounds were synthesized from the natural sesquiterpene (-) drimenol (compounds 4 to 15). The synthesized compounds corresponded to N-phenyl-driman-9-carboxamide derivatives, similar to some fungicides that inhibit the electron-transport chain. Their structures were characterized and confirmed by 1H NMR, 13C NMR spectroscopy, and mass spectrometry. Compounds 5 to 15 corresponded to novel compounds. The effect of the compounds on the mycelial growth of Botrytis cinerea was evaluated. Methoxylated and chlorinated compounds in the aromatic ring (compounds 6, 7, 12, and 13) exhibited the highest antifungal activity with IC50 values between 0.20 and 0.26 mM. On the other hand, the effect on conidial germination of B. cinerea of one methoxylated compound (6) and one chlorinated compound (7) was analyzed, and no inhibition was observed. Additionally, compound 7 decreased 36% the rate of oxygen consumption by germinating conidia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ricardo Melo
- Núcleo de Química y Bioquímica, Facultad de Estudios Interdisciplinarios, Universidad Mayor, Santiago 8580745, Chile;
| | - Verónica Armstrong
- Departamento de Química Orgánica, Facultad de Química, Pontificia Universidad Católica de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile;
| | - Freddy Navarro
- Laboratorio de Micología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile; (F.N.); (P.C.)
| | - Paulo Castro
- Laboratorio de Micología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile; (F.N.); (P.C.)
| | - Leonora Mendoza
- Laboratorio de Micología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile; (F.N.); (P.C.)
- Correspondence: (L.M.); (M.C.)
| | - Milena Cotoras
- Laboratorio de Micología, Facultad de Química y Biología, Universidad de Santiago de Chile, Santiago 7820436, Chile; (F.N.); (P.C.)
- Correspondence: (L.M.); (M.C.)
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14
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d’Hose D, Isenborghs P, Brusa D, Jordan BF, Gallez B. The Short-Term Exposure to SDHI Fungicides Boscalid and Bixafen Induces a Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Selective Human Cell Lines. Molecules 2021; 26:5842. [PMID: 34641386 PMCID: PMC8510389 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26195842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2021] [Revised: 09/23/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fungicides are used to suppress the growth of fungi for crop protection. The most widely used fungicides are succinate dehydrogenase inhibitors (SDHIs) that act by blocking succinate dehydrogenase, the complex II of the mitochondrial electron transport chain. As recent reports suggested that SDHI-fungicides could not be selective for their fungi targets, we tested the mitochondrial function of human cells (Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells or PBMCs, HepG2 liver cells, and BJ-fibroblasts) after exposure for a short time to Boscalid and Bixafen, the two most used SDHIs. Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) spectroscopy was used to assess the oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and the level of mitochondrial superoxide radical. The OCR was significantly decreased in the three cell lines after exposure to both SDHIs. The level of mitochondrial superoxide increased in HepG2 after Boscalid and Bixafen exposure. In BJ-fibroblasts, mitochondrial superoxide was increased after Bixafen exposure, but not after Boscalid. No significant increase in mitochondrial superoxide was observed in PBMCs. Flow cytometry revealed an increase in the number of early apoptotic cells in HepG2 exposed to both SDHIs, but not in PBMCs and BJ-fibroblasts, results consistent with the high level of mitochondrial superoxide found in HepG2 cells after exposure. In conclusion, short-term exposure to Boscalid and Bixafen induces a mitochondrial dysfunction in human cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatienne d’Hose
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (D.d.); (P.I.); (B.F.J.)
| | - Pauline Isenborghs
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (D.d.); (P.I.); (B.F.J.)
| | - Davide Brusa
- CytoFlux-Flow Cytometry Platform, Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique, Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200 Brussels, Belgium;
| | - Bénédicte F. Jordan
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (D.d.); (P.I.); (B.F.J.)
| | - Bernard Gallez
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), 1200 Brussels, Belgium; (D.d.); (P.I.); (B.F.J.)
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15
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Huynh GT, Kesarwani V, Walker JA, Frith JE, Meagher L, Corrie SR. Review: Nanomaterials for Reactive Oxygen Species Detection and Monitoring in Biological Environments. Front Chem 2021; 9:728717. [PMID: 34568279 PMCID: PMC8461210 DOI: 10.3389/fchem.2021.728717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Reactive oxygen species (ROS) and dissolved oxygen play key roles across many biological processes, and fluorescent stains and dyes are the primary tools used to quantify these species in vitro. However, spatio-temporal monitoring of ROS and dissolved oxygen in biological systems are challenging due to issues including poor photostability, lack of reversibility, and rapid off-site diffusion. In particular, ROS monitoring is hindered by the short lifetime of ROS molecules and their low abundance. The combination of nanomaterials and fluorescent detection has led to new opportunities for development of imaging probes, sensors, and theranostic products, because the scaffolds lead to improved optical properties, tuneable interactions with cells and media, and ratiometric sensing robust to environmental drift. In this review, we aim to critically assess and highlight recent development in nanosensors and nanomaterials used for the detection of oxygen and ROS in biological systems, and their future potential use as diagnosis tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gabriel T. Huynh
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Node, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Vidhishri Kesarwani
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Node, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Julia A. Walker
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Node, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Jessica E. Frith
- Monash Institute of Medical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- ARC Training Centre for Cell and Tissue Engineering Technologies, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Laurence Meagher
- Department of Material Science and Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- ARC Training Centre for Cell and Tissue Engineering Technologies, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Simon R. Corrie
- Department of Chemical Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Convergent Bio-Nano Science and Technology, Monash Node, Clayton, VIC, Australia
- ARC Training Centre for Cell and Tissue Engineering Technologies, Monash University, Clayton, VIC, Australia
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16
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Löffler MC, Betz MJ, Blondin DP, Augustin R, Sharma AK, Tseng YH, Scheele C, Zimdahl H, Mark M, Hennige AM, Wolfrum C, Langhans W, Hamilton BS, Neubauer H. Challenges in tackling energy expenditure as obesity therapy: From preclinical models to clinical application. Mol Metab 2021; 51:101237. [PMID: 33878401 PMCID: PMC8122111 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A chronic imbalance of energy intake and energy expenditure results in excess fat storage. The obesity often caused by this overweight is detrimental to the health of millions of people. Understanding both sides of the energy balance equation and their counter-regulatory mechanisms is critical to the development of effective therapies to treat this epidemic. SCOPE OF REVIEW Behaviors surrounding ingestion have been reviewed extensively. This review focuses more specifically on energy expenditure regarding bodyweight control, with a particular emphasis on the organs and attractive metabolic processes known to reduce bodyweight. Moreover, previous and current attempts at anti-obesity strategies focusing on energy expenditure are highlighted. Precise measurements of energy expenditure, which consist of cellular, animal, and human models, as well as measurements of their translatability, are required to provide the most effective therapies. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS A precise understanding of the components surrounding energy expenditure, including tailored approaches based on genetic, biomarker, or physical characteristics, must be integrated into future anti-obesity treatments. Further comprehensive investigations are required to define suitable treatments, especially because the complex nature of the human perspective remains poorly understood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mona C Löffler
- Cardio Metabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Matthias J Betz
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Denis P Blondin
- Department of Medicine, Division of Neurology, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier Universitaire de Sherbrooke, Université de Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Robert Augustin
- Cardio Metabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Anand K Sharma
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Yu-Hua Tseng
- Joslin Diabetes Center, Section on Integrative Physiology and Metabolism, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA; Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Harvard University, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Camilla Scheele
- Novo Nordisk Foundation Center for Basic Metabolic Research, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Heike Zimdahl
- Cardio Metabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Michael Mark
- Cardio Metabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Anita M Hennige
- Therapeutic Area CardioMetabolism & Respiratory, Boehringer Ingelheim International GmbH, Biberach, Germany
| | - Christian Wolfrum
- Institute of Food, Nutrition and Health, ETH Zürich, Schwerzenbach, Switzerland
| | - Wolfgang Langhans
- Physiology and Behavior Laboratory, Department of Health Sciences and Technology, ETH Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Bradford S Hamilton
- Cardio Metabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Biberach, Germany
| | - Heike Neubauer
- Cardio Metabolic Diseases Research, Boehringer Ingelheim Pharma GmbH & Co KG, Biberach, Germany.
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17
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Rahi D, Dzyuba B, Policar T, Malinovskyi O, Rodina M, Dzyuba V. Bioenergetic Pathways in the Sperm of an Under-Ice Spawning Fish, Burbot ( Lota lota): The Role of Mitochondrial Respiration in a Varying Thermal Environment. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10080739. [PMID: 34439971 PMCID: PMC8389567 DOI: 10.3390/biology10080739] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2021] [Revised: 07/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Regarding the sperm of cold-water fish, the contributions of different bioenergetic pathways, including mitochondrial respiration, to energy production at the spawning temperature and its adaptation at the maximum critical temperature (CTmax) are unclear. The roles of glycolysis, fatty acid oxidation, oxidative phosphorylation (OXPHOS) at 4 °C, and OXPHOS at 15 °C for energy production in burbot (Lota lota) spermatozoa were studied by motility and the oxygen consumption rate (OCR) (with and without pathway inhibitors and the OXPHOS uncoupler). At both temperatures, the effects of the inhibitors and the uncoupler on the motility duration, curvilinear velocity, and track linearity were insignificant; in addition, the OCRs in activation and non-activation media differed insignificantly and were not enhanced after uncoupler treatment. After inhibitor treatment in both media, OXPHOS was insignificantly different at the 2, 30, and 60 s time points at 4 °C but was reduced significantly at the 30 and 60 s time points after treatment with sodium azide at 15 °C. In conclusion, for burbot sperm at both the spawning temperature and the CTmax, the energy synthesized via OXPHOS during motility was insufficient. Therefore, the majority of the energy required to sustain motility was derived from pre-accumulated energy produced and stored during the quiescent state of the spermatozoa.
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18
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Cost-Effective Real-Time Metabolic Profiling of Cancer Cell Lines for Plate-Based Assays. CHEMOSENSORS 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/chemosensors9060139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
A fundamental phenotype of cancer cells is their metabolic profile, which is routinely described in terms of glycolytic and respiratory rates. Various devices and protocols have been designed to quantify glycolysis and respiration from the rates of acid production and oxygen utilization, respectively, but many of these approaches have limitations, including concerns about their cost-ineffectiveness, inadequate normalization procedures, or short probing time-frames. As a result, many methods for measuring metabolism are incompatible with cell culture conditions, particularly in the context of high-throughput applications. Here, we present a simple plate-based approach for real-time measurements of acid production and oxygen depletion under typical culture conditions that enable metabolic monitoring for extended periods of time. Using this approach, it is possible to calculate metabolic fluxes and, uniquely, describe the system at steady-state. By controlling the conditions with respect to pH buffering, O2 diffusion, medium volume, and cell numbers, our workflow can accurately describe the metabolic phenotype of cells in terms of molar fluxes. This direct measure of glycolysis and respiration is conducive for between-runs and even between-laboratory comparisons. To illustrate the utility of this approach, we characterize the phenotype of pancreatic ductal adenocarcinoma cell lines and measure their response to a switch of metabolic substrate and the presence of metabolic inhibitors. In summary, the method can deliver a robust appraisal of metabolism in cell lines, with applications in drug screening and in quantitative studies of metabolic regulation.
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19
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Donatienne d'Hose, Danhier P, Northshield H, Isenborghs P, Jordan BF, Gallez B. A versatile EPR toolbox for the simultaneous measurement of oxygen consumption and superoxide production. Redox Biol 2020; 40:101852. [PMID: 33418140 PMCID: PMC7804984 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2020.101852] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2020] [Revised: 12/22/2020] [Accepted: 12/23/2020] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In this paper, we describe an assay to analyze simultaneously the oxygen consumption rate (OCR) and superoxide production in a biological system. The analytical set-up uses electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) spectroscopy with two different isotopically-labelled sensors: 15N-PDT (4-oxo-2,2,6,6-tetramethylpiperidine-d16-15N-1-oxyl) as oxygen-sensing probe and 14N-CMH (1-hydroxy-3-methoxycarbonyl-2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrrolidine, a cyclic hydroxylamine, as sensor of reactive oxygen species (ROS). The superoxide contribution to CMH oxidation is assessed using SOD or PEGSOD as controls. Because the EPR spectra are not superimposable, the variation of EPR linewidth of 15N-PDT (linked to OCR) and the formation of the nitroxide from 14N-CMH (linked to superoxide production) can be recorded simultaneously over time on a single preparation. The EPR toolbox was qualified in biological systems of increasing complexity. First, we used an enzymatic assay based on the hypoxanthine (HX)/xanthine oxidase (XO) which is a well described model of oxygen consumption and superoxide production. Second, we used a cellular model of superoxide production using macrophages exposed to phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) which stimulates the NADPH oxidase (NOX) to consume oxygen and produce superoxide. Finally, we exposed isolated mitochondria to established inhibitors of the electron transport chain (rotenone and metformin) in order to assess their impact on OCR and superoxide production. This EPR toolbox has the potential to screen the effect of intoxicants or drugs targeting the mitochondrial function. OCR and superoxide production are crucial to assess mitochondrial (dys)function. The EPR toolbox analyzes simultaneously the OCR and superoxide production. The EPR toolbox was validated in enzymatic system, cells and isolated mitochondria. The EPR toolbox has the potential to screen compounds altering mitochondrial function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donatienne d'Hose
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre Danhier
- Nuclear and Electron Spin Technologies (NEST) Platform, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Heidi Northshield
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pauline Isenborghs
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bénédicte F Jordan
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bernard Gallez
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université Catholique de Louvain (UCLouvain), Brussels, Belgium.
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20
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Miyata M, Kitazumi Y, Shirai O, Kataoka K, Kano K. Diffusion-limited biosensing of dissolved oxygen by direct electron transfer-type bioelectrocatalysis of multi-copper oxidases immobilized on porous gold microelectrodes. J Electroanal Chem (Lausanne) 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jelechem.2020.113895] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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21
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L P, D K, J K, Cl H, N L. Integrated approach for data acquisition, visualization and processing of analog polarographic systems for bioenergetics studies. Anal Biochem 2020; 590:113515. [PMID: 31812534 PMCID: PMC6943940 DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2019.113515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Bioenergetic function is characterized with assays obtained by polarographic systems. Analog systems without data acquisition, visualization, and processing tools are used but require cumbersome operations to derive respiration rate and ADP to oxygen stoichiometry of oxidative phosphorylation (ADP/O ratio). The analog signal of a polarograhic system (YSI-5300) was digitized and a graphical user interface (GUI) was developed in MATLAB to integrate visualization, recording, calibration and processing of bioenergetic data. With the GUI, the signal is continuously visualized during the experiment and respiratory rates and ADP/O ratios can be determined. The integrated system was tested to evaluate bioenergetic function of subpopulations of mitochondria isolated from rat skeletal muscle (n = 10). Signal processing was applied to denoise data recorded at the sampling rate of 1000Hz, and maximize data decimation for computational applications. The error in calculating the bioenergetic outputs using decimated data is negligible when data are denoised. The estimate of respiration rate, ADP/O ratio and RCR obtained with denoised data at sampling rate as low as 5Hz was similar to that obtained with raw data recorded at sampling rate of 1000Hz. In summary, the integrated tools of the GUI overcome the limitations of data processing, accuracy, and utilization of analog polarographic systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Potter L
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA; Biomedical Engineering Institute, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Krusienski D
- Department of Biomedical Engineering Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Kennedy J
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA
| | - Hoppel Cl
- Center for Mitochondrial Disease, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, USA; Department of Pharmacology and School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, USA; Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, USA
| | - Lai N
- Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA; Biomedical Engineering Institute, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, USA; Department of Mechanical, Chemical and Materials Engineering, University of Cagliari, Italy.
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22
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Milotti E, Fredrich T, Chignola R, Rieger H. Oxygen in the Tumor Microenvironment: Mathematical and Numerical Modeling. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1259:53-76. [PMID: 32578171 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-43093-1_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
There are many reasons to try to achieve a good grasp of the distribution of oxygen in the tumor microenvironment. The lack of oxygen - hypoxia - is a main actor in the evolution of tumors and in their growth and appears to be just as important in tumor invasion and metastasis. Mathematical models of the distribution of oxygen in tumors which are based on reaction-diffusion equations provide partial but qualitatively significant descriptions of the measured oxygen concentrations in the tumor microenvironment, especially when they incorporate important elements of the blood vessel network such as the blood vessel size and spatial distribution and the pulsation of local pressure due to blood circulation. Here, we review our mathematical and numerical approaches to the distribution of oxygen that yield insights both on the role of the distribution of blood vessel density and size and on the fluctuations of blood pressure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Milotti
- Department of Physics, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy.
| | - Thierry Fredrich
- Center for Biophysics & FB Theoretical Physics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
| | - Roberto Chignola
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Verona, Verona, Italy
| | - Heiko Rieger
- Center for Biophysics & FB Theoretical Physics, Saarland University, Saarbrücken, Germany
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23
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Yu G, Hubel A. The role of preservation in the variability of regenerative medicine products. REGENERATIVE ENGINEERING AND TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2019; 5:323-331. [PMID: 33225043 PMCID: PMC7677879 DOI: 10.1007/s40883-019-00110-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Regenerative medicine (RM) has the potential to restore or establish normal function of cells, tissues and organs that have been lost due to age, disease or injury. It is common for the site of raw material collection, site of manufacture and site of clinical use to be different for RM products, and at the same time cells must remain viable and functional during transportation among different sites. Freezing products down to cryogenic temperatures along with cold chain transportation has become an effective method of preserving RM products. The quality of RM products along this supply chain represents the cumulative effects of all of the processing steps and all of the reagents used in the process. A variety of sources of variability in the preservation of RM products can result in both cell losses and greater variability in the quality of RM products. The purpose of this article is to review the sources of variability in the preservation process as well as the methods by which variability can be controlled or avoided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanglin Yu
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Allison Hubel
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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24
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Tran LBA, Cao-Pham TT, Jordan BF, Deschoemaeker S, Heyerick A, Gallez B. Impact of myo-inositol trispyrophosphate (ITPP) on tumour oxygenation and response to irradiation in rodent tumour models. J Cell Mol Med 2018; 23:1908-1916. [PMID: 30575283 PMCID: PMC6378184 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.14092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2018] [Revised: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 11/26/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Tumour hypoxia is a well-established factor of resistance in radiation therapy (RT). Myo-inositol trispyrophosphate (ITPP) is an allosteric effector that reduces the oxygen-binding affinity of haemoglobin and facilitates the release of oxygen by red blood cells. We investigated herein the oxygenation effect of ITPP in six tumour models and its radiosensitizing effect in two of these models. The evolution of tumour pO2 upon ITPP administration was monitored on six models using 1.2 GHz Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) oximetry. The effect of ITPP on tumour perfusion was assessed by Hoechst staining and the oxygen consumption rate (OCR) in vitro was measured using 9.5 GHz EPR. The therapeutic effect of ITPP with and without RT was evaluated on rhabdomyosarcoma and 9L-glioma rat models. ITPP enhanced tumour oxygenation in six models. The administration of 2 g/kg ITPP once daily for 2 days led to a tumour reoxygenation for at least 4 days. ITPP reduced the OCR in six cell lines but had no effect on tumour perfusion when tested on 9L-gliomas. ITPP plus RT did not improve the outcome in rhabdomyosarcomas. In 9L-gliomas, some of tumours receiving the combined treatment were cured while other tumours did not benefit from the treatment. ITPP increased oxygenation in six tumour models. A decrease in OCR could contribute to the decrease in tumour hypoxia. The association of RT with ITPP was beneficial for a few 9L-gliomas but was absent in the rhabdomyosarcomas.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ly-Binh-An Tran
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Thanh-Trang Cao-Pham
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bénédicte F Jordan
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | | | | | - Bernard Gallez
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute, Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
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25
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Silva AM, Oliveira PJ. Evaluation of Respiration with Clark-Type Electrode in Isolated Mitochondria and Permeabilized Animal Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2018; 1782:7-29. [PMID: 29850992 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7831-1_2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
In many studies, the evaluation of mitochondrial function is critical to understand how disease conditions or xenobiotics alter mitochondrial function. One of the classic end points that can be assessed is oxygen consumption, which can be performed under controlled yet artificial conditions. Oxygen is the terminal acceptor in the mitochondrial respiratory chain, namely, at an enzyme called cytochrome oxidase, which produces water in the process and pumps protons from the matrix to the intermembrane space. Several techniques are available to measure oxygen consumption, including polarography with oxygen electrodes or fluorescent/luminescent probes. The present chapter will deal with the determination of mitochondrial oxygen consumption by means of the Clark-type electrode, which has been widely used in the literature and still remains to be a reliable technique. We focus our technical description in the measurement of oxygen consumption by isolated mitochondrial fractions and by permeabilized cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana M Silva
- MitoXT-Mitochondrial Toxicology and Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Cantanhede, Portugal.,Department of Life Sciences, University of Coimbra, Cantanhede, Portugal
| | - Paulo J Oliveira
- MitoXT-Mitochondrial Toxicology and Experimental Therapeutics Laboratory, CNC-Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, Cantanhede, Portugal.
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26
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Wang D, Liu Y, Zhang R, Zhang F, Sui W, Chen L, Zheng R, Chen X, Wen F, Ouyang HW, Ji J. Apoptotic transition of senescent cells accompanied with mitochondrial hyper-function. Oncotarget 2017; 7:28286-300. [PMID: 27056883 PMCID: PMC5053727 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.8536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2015] [Accepted: 03/06/2016] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Defined as stable cell-cycle arrest, cellular senescence plays an important role in diverse biological processes including tumorigenesis, organismal aging, and embryonic development. Although increasing evidence has documented the metabolic changes in senescent cells, mitochondrial function and its potential contribution to the fate of senescent cells remain largely unknown. Here, using two in vitro models of cellular senescence induced by doxorubicin treatment and prolonged passaging of neonatal human foreskin fibroblasts, we report that senescent cells exhibited high ROS level and augmented glucose metabolic rate concomitant with both morphological and quantitative changes of mitochondria. Furthermore, mitochondrial membrane potential depolarized at late stage of senescent cells which eventually led to apoptosis. Our study reveals that mitochondrial hyper-function contributes to the implementation of cellular senescence and we propose a model in which the mitochondrion acts as the key player in promoting fate-determination in senescent cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danli Wang
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Rui Zhang
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fen Zhang
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Weihao Sui
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Li Chen
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ran Zheng
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xiaowen Chen
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Feiqiu Wen
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Shenzhen Children's Hospital, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hong-Wei Ouyang
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junfeng Ji
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.,Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Tissue Engineering and Regenerative Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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27
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Shewring JR, Cankut AJ, McKenzie LK, Crowston BJ, Botchway SW, Weinstein JA, Edwards E, Ward MD. Multimodal Probes: Superresolution and Transmission Electron Microscopy Imaging of Mitochondria, and Oxygen Mapping of Cells, Using Small-Molecule Ir(III) Luminescent Complexes. Inorg Chem 2017; 56:15259-15270. [PMID: 29199820 DOI: 10.1021/acs.inorgchem.7b02633] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
We describe an Ir(III)-based small-molecule, multimodal probe for use in both light and electron microscopy. The direct correlation of data between light- and electron-microscopy-based imaging to investigate cellular processes at the ultrastructure level is a current challenge, requiring both dyes that must be brightly emissive for luminescence imaging and scatter electrons to give contrast for electron microscopy, at a single working concentration suitable for both methods. Here we describe the use of Ir(III) complexes as probes that provide excellent image contrast and quality for both luminescence and electron microscopy imaging, at the same working concentration. Significant contrast enhancement of cellular mitochondria was observed in transmission electron microscopy imaging, with and without the use of typical contrast agents. The specificity for cellular mitochondria was also confirmed with MitoTracker using confocal and 3D-structured illumination microscopy. These phosphorescent dyes are part of a very exclusive group of transition-metal complexes that enable imaging beyond the diffraction limit. Triplet excited-state phosphorescence was also utilized to probe the O2 concentration at the mitochondria in vitro, using lifetime mapping techniques.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Ahmet J Cankut
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield , Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Luke K McKenzie
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield , Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Bethany J Crowston
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield , Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Stanley W Botchway
- Rutherford Appleton Laboratory, STFC Research Complex at Harwell, Harwell Science and Innovation Campus , Didcot OX11 0FA, U.K
| | - Julia A Weinstein
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield , Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Elizabeth Edwards
- Department of Chemistry, University of Sheffield , Sheffield S3 7HF, U.K
| | - Michael D Ward
- Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick , Coventry CV4 7AL, U.K
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28
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Hiramoto K, Yasumi M, Ushio H, Shunori A, Ino K, Shiku H, Matsue T. Development of Oxygen Consumption Analysis with an on-Chip Electrochemical Device and Simulation. Anal Chem 2017; 89:10303-10310. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.7b02074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Kaoru Hiramoto
- Corporate
Engineering Division, Automotive and Industrial Systems Company, Panasonic Corporation, 1006 Kadoma, Kadomashi, 571-0050, Japan
| | - Masahiro Yasumi
- Corporate
Engineering Division, Automotive and Industrial Systems Company, Panasonic Corporation, 1006 Kadoma, Kadomashi, 571-0050, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Ushio
- Corporate
Engineering Division, Automotive and Industrial Systems Company, Panasonic Corporation, 1006 Kadoma, Kadomashi, 571-0050, Japan
| | - Atsushi Shunori
- Corporate
Engineering Division, Automotive and Industrial Systems Company, Panasonic Corporation, 1006 Kadoma, Kadomashi, 571-0050, Japan
| | - Kosuke Ino
- Graduate
School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-11-406 Aramaki-aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Hitoshi Shiku
- Graduate
School of Engineering, Tohoku University, 6-6-11-406 Aramaki-aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai 980-8579, Japan
| | - Tomokazu Matsue
- Graduate School of Environmental Studies, Tohoku University, 6-6-11-605
Aramaki-aza Aoba, Aoba-ku, Sendai, 980-8579, Japan
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29
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Mitochondrial Respiration and Oxygen Tension. Methods Mol Biol 2017. [PMID: 28871539 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7292-0_11] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register]
Abstract
Measurements of respiration and oxygen tension in plant organs allow a precise understanding of mitochondrial capacity and function within the context of cellular oxygen metabolism. Here we describe methods that can be routinely used for the isolation of intact mitochondria, and the determination of respiratory electron transport, together with techniques for in vivo determination of oxygen tension and measurement of respiration by both CO2 production and O2 consumption that enables calculation of the respiratory quotient [CO2]/[O2].
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30
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Neveu MA, Joudiou N, De Preter G, Dehoux JP, Jordan BF, Gallez B. 17 O MRS assesses the effect of mild hypothermia on oxygen consumption rate in tumors. NMR IN BIOMEDICINE 2017; 30:e3726. [PMID: 28430379 DOI: 10.1002/nbm.3726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2016] [Revised: 02/17/2017] [Accepted: 02/27/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Although oxygen consumption is a key factor in metabolic phenotyping, its assessment in tumors remains critical, as current technologies generally display poor specificity. The objectives of this study were to explore the feasibility of direct 17 O nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy to assess oxygen metabolism in tumors and its modulations. To investigate the impact of hypometabolism induction in the murine fibrosarcoma FSAII tumor model, we monitored the oxygen consumption of normothermic (37°C) and hypothermic (32°C) tumor-bearing mice. Hypothermic animals showed an increase in tumor pO2 (measured by electron paramagnetic resonance oximetry) contrary to normothermic animals. This was related to a decrease in oxygen consumption rate (assessed using 17 O magnetic resonance spectroscopy (MRS) after the inhalation of 17 O2 -enriched gas). This study highlights the ability of direct 17 O MRS to measure oxygen metabolism in tumors and modulations of tumor oxygen consumption rate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie-Aline Neveu
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Belgium
| | - Nicolas Joudiou
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Belgium
| | - Géraldine De Preter
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Belgium
| | - Jean-Paul Dehoux
- Experimental Surgery Unit, Medical School, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Belgium
| | - Bénédicte F Jordan
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Belgium
| | - Bernard Gallez
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Research Group, Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Belgium
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31
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Gallez B, Neveu MA, Danhier P, Jordan BF. Manipulation of tumor oxygenation and radiosensitivity through modification of cell respiration. A critical review of approaches and imaging biomarkers for therapeutic guidance. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2017; 1858:700-711. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2017.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2016] [Revised: 01/05/2017] [Accepted: 01/06/2017] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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32
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Lee AL, Gee CT, Weegman BP, Einstein SA, Juelfs A, Ring HL, Hurley KR, Egger SM, Swindlehurst G, Garwood M, Pomerantz WCK, Haynes CL. Oxygen Sensing with Perfluorocarbon-Loaded Ultraporous Mesostructured Silica Nanoparticles. ACS NANO 2017; 11:5623-5632. [PMID: 28505422 PMCID: PMC5515277 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.7b01006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen homeostasis is important in the regulation of biological function. Disease progression can be monitored by measuring oxygen levels, thus producing information for the design of therapeutic treatments. Noninvasive measurements of tissue oxygenation require the development of tools with minimal adverse effects and facile detection of features of interest. Fluorine magnetic resonance imaging (19F MRI) exploits the intrinsic properties of perfluorocarbon (PFC) liquids for anatomical imaging, cell tracking, and oxygen sensing. However, the highly hydrophobic and lipophobic properties of perfluorocarbons require the formation of emulsions for biological studies, though stabilizing these emulsions has been challenging. To enhance the stability and biological loading of perfluorocarbons, one option is to incorporate perfluorocarbon liquids into the internal space of biocompatible mesoporous silica nanoparticles. Here, we developed perfluorocarbon-loaded ultraporous mesostructured silica nanoparticles (PERFUMNs) as 19F MRI detectable oxygen-sensing probes. Ultraporous mesostructured silica nanoparticles (UMNs) have large internal cavities (average = 1.8 cm3 g-1), facilitating an average 17% loading efficiency of PFCs, meeting the threshold fluorine concentrations needed for imaging studies. Perfluoro-15-crown-5-ether PERFUMNs have the highest equivalent nuclei per PFC molecule and a spin-lattice (T1) relaxation-based oxygen sensitivity of 0.0032 mmHg-1 s-1 at 16.4 T. The option of loading PFCs after synthesizing UMNs, rather than traditional in situ core-shell syntheses, allows for use of a broad range of PFC liquids from a single material. The biocompatible and tunable chemistry of UMNs combined with the intrinsic properties of PFCs makes PERFUMNs a MRI sensor with potential for anatomical imaging, cell tracking, and metabolic spectroscopy with improved stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amani L. Lee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Clifford T. Gee
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Bradley P. Weegman
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Samuel A. Einstein
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Adam Juelfs
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Hattie L. Ring
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Katie R. Hurley
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Sam M. Egger
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Garrett Swindlehurst
- Department of Chemical Engineering & Material Science, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | - Michael Garwood
- Center for Magnetic Resonance Research, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
| | | | - Christy L. Haynes
- Department of Chemistry, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, United States
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33
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Pulsation-limited oxygen diffusion in the tumour microenvironment. Sci Rep 2017; 7:39762. [PMID: 28045083 PMCID: PMC5206636 DOI: 10.1038/srep39762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2016] [Accepted: 11/28/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is central to tumour evolution, growth, invasion and metastasis. Mathematical models of hypoxia based on reaction-diffusion equations provide seemingly incomplete descriptions as they fail to predict the measured oxygen concentrations in the tumour microenvironment. In an attempt to explain the discrepancies, we consider both the inhomogeneous distribution of oxygen-consuming cells in solid tumours and the dynamics of blood flow in the tumour microcirculation. We find that the low-frequency oscillations play an important role in the establishment of tumour hypoxia. The oscillations interact with consumption to inhibit oxygen diffusion in the microenvironment. This suggests that alpha-blockers-a class of drugs used to treat hypertension and stress disorders, and known to lower or even abolish low-frequency oscillations of arterial blood flow -may act as adjuvant drugs in the radiotherapy of solid tumours by enhancing the oxygen effect.
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34
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De Preter G, Neveu MA, Danhier P, Brisson L, Payen VL, Porporato PE, Jordan BF, Sonveaux P, Gallez B. Inhibition of the pentose phosphate pathway by dichloroacetate unravels a missing link between aerobic glycolysis and cancer cell proliferation. Oncotarget 2016; 7:2910-20. [PMID: 26543237 PMCID: PMC4823080 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.6272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/26/2015] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Glucose fermentation through glycolysis even in the presence of oxygen (Warburg effect) is a common feature of cancer cells increasingly considered as an enticing target in clinical development. This study aimed to analyze the link between metabolism, energy stores and proliferation rates in cancer cells. We found that cell proliferation, evaluated by DNA synthesis quantification, is correlated to glycolytic efficiency in six cancer cell lines as well as in isogenic cancer cell lines. To further investigate the link between glycolysis and proliferation, a pharmacological inhibitior of the pentose phosphate pathway (PPP) was used. We demonstrated that reduction of PPP activity decreases cancer cells proliferation, with a profound effect in Warburg-phenotype cancer cells. The crucial role of the PPP in sustaining cancer cells proliferation was confirmed using siRNAs against glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase, the first and rate-limiting enzyme of the PPP. In addition, we found that dichloroacetate (DCA), a new clinically tested compound, induced a switch of glycolytic cancer cells to a more oxidative phenotype and decreased proliferation. By demonstrating that DCA decreased the activity of the PPP, we provide a new mechanism by which DCA controls cancer cells proliferation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Géraldine De Preter
- Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Research Group, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Marie-Aline Neveu
- Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Research Group, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre Danhier
- Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Research Group, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Lucie Brisson
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Pole of Pharmacology, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Valéry L Payen
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Pole of Pharmacology, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Paolo E Porporato
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Pole of Pharmacology, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bénédicte F Jordan
- Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Research Group, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre Sonveaux
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Pole of Pharmacology, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bernard Gallez
- Louvain Drug Research Institute (LDRI), Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Research Group, Université Catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
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35
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Langan LM, Dodd NJF, Owen SF, Purcell WM, Jackson SK, Jha AN. Direct Measurements of Oxygen Gradients in Spheroid Culture System Using Electron Parametric Resonance Oximetry. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0149492. [PMID: 26900704 PMCID: PMC4764677 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0149492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2015] [Accepted: 02/01/2016] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Advanced in vitro culture from tissues of different origin includes three-dimensional (3D) organoid micro structures that may mimic conditions in vivo. One example of simple 3D culture is spheroids; ball shaped structures typically used as liver and tumour models. Oxygen is critically important in physiological processes, but is difficult to quantify in 3D culture: and the question arises, how small does a spheroid have to be to have minimal micro-environment formation? This question is of particular importance in the growing field of 3D based models for toxicological assessment. Here, we describe a simple non-invasive approach modified for the quantitative measurement and subsequent evaluation of oxygen gradients in spheroids developed from a non-malignant fish cell line (i.e. RTG-2 cells) using Electron Paramagnetic Resonance (EPR) oximetry. Sonication of the paramagnetic probe Lithium phthalocyanine (LiPc) allows for incorporation of probe particulates into spheroid during its formation. Spectra signal strength after incorporation of probe into spheroid indicated that a volume of 20 μl of probe (stock solution: 0.10 mg/mL) is sufficient to provide a strong spectra across a range of spheroid sizes. The addition of non-toxic probes (that do not produce or consume oxygen) report on oxygen diffusion throughout the spheroid as a function of size. We provide evidence supporting the use of this model over a range of initial cell seeding densities and spheroid sizes with the production of oxygen distribution as a function of these parameters. In our spheroid model, lower cell seeding densities (∼2,500 cells/spheroid) and absolute size (118±32 μm) allow control of factors such as pre-existing stresses (e.g. ∼ 2% normoxic/hypoxic interface) for more accurate measurement of treatment response. The applied methodology provides an elegant, widely applicable approach to directly characterize spheroid (and other organoid) cultures in biomedical and toxicological research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura M. Langan
- School of Biological Sciences, Plymouth University, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, United Kingdom
| | - Nicholas J. F. Dodd
- School of Biological Sciences, Plymouth University, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, United Kingdom
| | - Stewart F. Owen
- AstraZeneca, Alderley Park, Macclesfield, Cheshire, SK10 4TF, United Kingdom
| | - Wendy M. Purcell
- School of Biological Sciences, Plymouth University, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, United Kingdom
| | - Simon K. Jackson
- School of Biomedical & Healthcare Science, Plymouth University, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, United Kingdom
| | - Awadhesh N. Jha
- School of Biological Sciences, Plymouth University, Plymouth, PL4 8AA, United Kingdom
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An Assessment of Three Different In Situ Oxygen Sensors for Monitoring Silage Production and Storage. SENSORS 2016; 16:s16010091. [PMID: 26784194 PMCID: PMC4732124 DOI: 10.3390/s16010091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2015] [Revised: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 01/07/2016] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Oxygen (O2) concentration inside the substrate is an important measurement for silage-research and-practical management. In the laboratory gas chromatography is commonly employed for O2 measurement. Among sensor-based techniques, accurate and reliable in situ measurement is rare because of high levels of carbon dioxide (CO2) generated by the introduction of O2 in the silage. The presented study focused on assessing three types of commercial O2 sensors, including Clark oxygen electrodes (COE), galvanic oxygen cell (GOC) sensors and the Dräger chip measurement system (DCMS). Laboratory cross calibration of O2versus CO2 (each 0–15 vol.%) was made for the COE and the GOC sensors. All calibration results verified that O2 measurements for both sensors were insensitive to CO2. For the O2in situ measurement in silage, all O2 sensors were first tested in two sealed barrels (diameter 35.7 cm; height: 60 cm) to monitor the O2 depletion with respect to the ensiling process (Test-A). The second test (Test-B) simulated the silage unloading process by recording the O2 penetration dynamics in three additional barrels, two covered by dry ice (0.6 kg or 1.2 kg of each) on the top surface and one without. Based on a general comparison of the experimental data, we conclude that each of these in situ sensor monitoring techniques for O2 concentration in silage exhibit individual advantages and limitations.
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De Preter G, Danhier P, Porporato PE, Payen VL, Jordan BF, Sonveaux P, Gallez B. Direct Evidence of the Link Between Energetic Metabolism and Proliferation Capacity of Cancer Cells In Vitro. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 876:209-214. [PMID: 26782214 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-3023-4_26] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the study was to assess the link between the metabolic profile and the proliferation capacity of a range of human and murine cancer cell lines. First, the combination of mitochondrial respiration and glycolytic efficiency measurements allowed the determination of different metabolic profiles among the cell lines, ranging from a mostly oxidative to a mostly glycolytic phenotype. Second, the study revealed that cell proliferation, evaluated by DNA synthesis measurements, was statistically correlated to glycolytic efficiency. This indicated that glycolysis is the key energetic pathway linked to cell proliferation rate. Third, to validate this hypothesis and exclude non-metabolic factors, mitochondria-depleted were compared to wild-type cancer cells, and the data showed that enhanced glycolysis observed in mitochondria-depleted cells is also associated with an increase in proliferation capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Géraldine De Preter
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Research Group, Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Avenue Mounier 73 (B1.73.08), 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre Danhier
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Research Group, Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Avenue Mounier 73 (B1.73.08), 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Paolo E Porporato
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Pole of Pharmacology, Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Valéry L Payen
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Pole of Pharmacology, Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bénédicte F Jordan
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Research Group, Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Avenue Mounier 73 (B1.73.08), 1200, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre Sonveaux
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Pole of Pharmacology, Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bernard Gallez
- Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Research Group, Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Avenue Mounier 73 (B1.73.08), 1200, Brussels, Belgium.
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Neal A, Rountree AM, Philips CW, Kavanagh TJ, Williams DP, Newham P, Khalil G, Cook DL, Sweet IR. Quantification of Low-Level Drug Effects Using Real-Time, in vitro Measurement of Oxygen Consumption Rate. Toxicol Sci 2015; 148:594-602. [PMID: 26396153 DOI: 10.1093/toxsci/kfv208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
There is a general need to detect toxic effects of drugs during preclinical screening. We propose that increased sensitivity of xenobiotics toxicity combined with improved in vitro physiological recapitulation will more accurately assess potentially toxic perturbations of cellular biochemistry that are near in vivo pharmacological exposure levels. Importantly, measurement of such cytopathologies avoids activating mechanisms mediating toxicity at suprapharmacologic levels not relevant to in vivo effects. We present a sensitive method to measure changes in oxygen consumption rate (OCR), a well-established parameter reflecting a potential hazard, in response to exposure to pharmacologic levels of drugs using a flow culture system and state of the art oxygen sensing system. We tested metformin and acetaminophen on rat liver slices to illustrate the method. The features of the method include continuous and very stable measurement of OCR over the course of 48 h in liver slices in a continuous flow chamber with the ability to resolve changes as small as 0.3%/h. Kinetic modeling of metformin inhibition of OCR over a wide range of concentrations revealed both a slow and fast mechanism, where the fast mechanism activated only at concentrations above 0.6 mM. For both drugs, small amounts of inhibition were reversible, but higher decrements were irreversible. Overall the study highlights the advantages of measuring low-level toxicity so as to avoid the common extrapolations made about drug toxicity based on effects of drugs tested at suprapharmacologic levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Neal
- *Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195
| | - Austin M Rountree
- *Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195
| | - Craig W Philips
- Center for Commercialization, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98195
| | - Terrance J Kavanagh
- Department of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington 98105
| | - Dominic P Williams
- Department of Drug Safety and Metabolism, AstraZeneca, Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Milton, Cambridge CB4 0FZ, UK; and
| | - Peter Newham
- Department of Drug Safety and Metabolism, AstraZeneca, Cambridge Science Park, Milton Road, Milton, Cambridge CB4 0FZ, UK; and
| | - Gamal Khalil
- EnTox Sciences, LLC, Mercer Island, Washington 98040
| | - Daniel L Cook
- EnTox Sciences, LLC, Mercer Island, Washington 98040
| | - Ian R Sweet
- *Department of Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, 98195; EnTox Sciences, LLC, Mercer Island, Washington 98040.
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Hashem M, Weiler-Sagie M, Kuppusamy P, Neufeld G, Neeman M, Blank A. Electron spin resonance microscopic imaging of oxygen concentration in cancer spheroids. JOURNAL OF MAGNETIC RESONANCE (SAN DIEGO, CALIF. : 1997) 2015; 256:77-85. [PMID: 26022394 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmr.2015.04.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2014] [Revised: 04/28/2015] [Accepted: 04/29/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Oxygen (O2) plays a central role in most living organisms. The concentration of O2 is important in physiology and pathology. Despite the importance of accurate knowledge of the O2 levels, there is very limited capability to measure with high spatial resolution its distribution in millimeter-scale live biological samples. Many of the current oximetric methods, such as oxygen microelectrodes and fluorescence lifetime imaging, are compromised by O2 consumption, sample destruction, invasiveness, and difficulty to calibrate. Here, we present a new method, based on the use of the pulsed electron spin resonance (ESR) microimaging technique to obtain a 3D mapping of oxygen concentration in millimeter-scale biological samples. ESR imaging requires the incorporation of a suitable stable and inert paramagnetic spin probe into the desirable object. In this work, we use microcrystals of a paramagnetic spin probe in a new crystallographic packing form (denoted tg-LiNc-BuO). These paramagnetic species interact with paramagnetic oxygen molecules, causing a spectral line broadening that is linearly proportional to the oxygen concentration. Typical ESR results include 4D spatial-spectral images that give an indication about the oxygen concentration in different regions of the sample. This new oximetry microimaging method addresses all the problems mentioned above. It is noninvasive, sensitive to physiological oxygen levels, and easy to calibrate. Furthermore, in principle, it can be used for repetitive measurements without causing cell damage. The tissue model used in this research is spheroids of Human Colorectal carcinoma cell line (HCT-116) with a typical diameter of ∼600μm. Most studies of the microenvironmental O2 conditions inside such viable spheroids carried out in the past used microelectrodes, which require an invasive puncturing of the spheroid and are also not applicable to 3D O2 imaging. High resolution 3D oxygen maps could make it possible to evaluate the relationship between morphological and physiological alterations in the spheroids, which would help understand the oxygen metabolism in solid tumors and its correlation with the susceptibility of tumors to various oncologic treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mada Hashem
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel
| | - Michal Weiler-Sagie
- Department of Biological Regulation - Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Periannan Kuppusamy
- EPR Center for Viable Systems and the Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Departments of Radiology and Medicine, Lebanon, NH 03766, USA
| | - Gera Neufeld
- The Bruce Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Michal Neeman
- Department of Biological Regulation - Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Aharon Blank
- Schulich Faculty of Chemistry, Technion - Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa 32000, Israel.
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Pacak CA, Preble JM, Kondo H, Seibel P, Levitsky S, Del Nido PJ, Cowan DB, McCully JD. Actin-dependent mitochondrial internalization in cardiomyocytes: evidence for rescue of mitochondrial function. Biol Open 2015; 4:622-6. [PMID: 25862247 PMCID: PMC4434813 DOI: 10.1242/bio.201511478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously, we have demonstrated that the transplantation of viable, structurally intact, respiration competent mitochondria into the ischemic myocardium during early reperfusion significantly enhanced cardioprotection by decreasing myocellular damage and enhancing functional recovery. Our in vitro and in vivo studies established that autologous mitochondria are internalized into cardiomyocytes following transplantation; however, the mechanism(s) modulating internalization of these organelles were unknown. Here, we show that internalization of mitochondria occurs through actin-dependent endocytosis and rescues cell function by increasing ATP content and oxygen consumption rates. We also show that internalized mitochondria replace depleted mitochondrial (mt)DNA. These results describe the mechanism for internalization of mitochondria within host cells and provide a basis for novel therapeutic interventions allowing for the rescue and replacement of damaged or impaired mitochondria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina A Pacak
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Florida College of Medicine, Gainesville, FL 32607, USA
| | - Janine M Preble
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Hiroshi Kondo
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA
| | - Peter Seibel
- Universitat Leipzig, Molekulare Zelltherapie, Biotechnologisch-Biomedizinisches Zentrum, 04103 Leipzig, Germany
| | - Sidney Levitsky
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Pedro J Del Nido
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA Division of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Douglas B Cowan
- Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - James D McCully
- Division of Cardiac Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Boston, MA 02215, USA Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA Division of Cardiac Surgery, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA
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Resveratrol induces brown-like adipocyte formation in white fat through activation of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) α1. Int J Obes (Lond) 2015; 39:967-76. [PMID: 25761413 PMCID: PMC4575949 DOI: 10.1038/ijo.2015.23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 223] [Impact Index Per Article: 24.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2014] [Revised: 11/25/2014] [Accepted: 12/02/2014] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Objective Development of brown-like/beige adipocytes in white adipose tissue (WAT) helps to reduce obesity. Thus, we investigated the effects of resveratrol, a dietary polyphenol capable of preventing obesity and related complications in humans and animal models, on brown-like adipocyte formation in inguinal WAT (iWAT). Methods CD1 female mice (5-month-old) were fed a high-fat diet with/without 0.1% resveratrol. In addition, primary stromal vascular cells separated from iWAT were subjected to resveratrol treatment. Markers of brown-like (beige) adipogenesis were measured and the involvement of AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK) α1 was assessed using conditional knockout. Results Resveratrol significantly increased mRNA and/or protein expression of brown adipocyte markers including uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1), PR domain-containing 16 (PRDM16), Cell death-inducing DFFA-like effector A (Cidea), elongation of very long chain fatty acids protein 3 (Elovl3), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α (PGC1α), cytochrome C and pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) in differentiated iWAT stromal vascular cells (SVC), suggesting that resveratrol induced brown-like adipocyte formation in vitro. Concomitantly, resveratrol markedly enhanced AMPKα1 phosphorylation and differentiated SVC oxygen consumption. Such changes were absent in cells lacking AMPKα1, showing that AMPKα1 is a critical mediator of resveratrol action. Resveratrol also induced beige adipogenesis in vivo along with the appearance of multiocular adipocytes, increased UCP1 expression and enhanced fatty acid oxidation. Conclusion Resveratrol induces brown-like adipocyte formation in iWAT via AMPKα1 activation and suggest that its beneficial anti-obesity effects may be partly due to the browning of WAT and as a consequence, increased oxygen consumption.
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Mookerjee SA, Goncalves RLS, Gerencser AA, Nicholls DG, Brand MD. The contributions of respiration and glycolysis to extracellular acid production. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOENERGETICS 2014; 1847:171-181. [PMID: 25449966 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbabio.2014.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 233] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2014] [Revised: 10/20/2014] [Accepted: 10/22/2014] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The rate at which cells acidify the extracellular medium is frequently used to report glycolytic rate, with the implicit assumption that conversion of uncharged glucose or glycogen to lactate(-)+H(+) is the only significant source of acidification. However, another potential source of extracellular protons is the production of CO2 during substrate oxidation: CO2 is hydrated to H2CO3, which then dissociates to HCO3(-)+H(+). METHODS O2 consumption and pH were monitored in a popular platform for measuring extracellular acidification (the Seahorse XF Analyzer). RESULTS We found that CO2 produced during respiration caused almost stoichiometric release of H(+) into the medium. With C2C12 myoblasts given glucose, respiration-derived CO2 contributed 34% of the total extracellular acidification. When glucose was omitted or replaced by palmitate or pyruvate, this value was 67-100%. Analysis of primary cells, cancer cell lines, stem cell lines, and isolated synaptosomes revealed contributions of CO2-produced acidification that were usually substantial, ranging from 3% to 100% of the total acidification rate. CONCLUSION Measurement of glycolytic rate using extracellular acidification requires differentiation between respiratory and glycolytic acid production. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The data presented here demonstrate the importance of this correction when extracellular acidification is used for quantitative measurement of glycolytic flux to lactate. We describe a simple way to correct the measured extracellular acidification rate for respiratory acid production, using simultaneous measurement of oxygen consumption rate. SUMMARY STATEMENT Extracellular acidification is often assumed to result solely from glycolytic lactate production, but respiratory CO2 also contributes. We demonstrate that extracellular acidification by myoblasts given glucose is 66% glycolytic and 34% respiratory and describe a method to differentiate these sources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shona A Mookerjee
- College of Pharmacy, Touro University California, 1310 Club Drive, Vallejo, CA 94592, USA; Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Blvd, Novato, CA 94945, USA.
| | | | - Akos A Gerencser
- College of Pharmacy, Touro University California, 1310 Club Drive, Vallejo, CA 94592, USA; Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Blvd, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - David G Nicholls
- Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Blvd, Novato, CA 94945, USA
| | - Martin D Brand
- College of Pharmacy, Touro University California, 1310 Club Drive, Vallejo, CA 94592, USA; Buck Institute for Research on Aging, 8001 Redwood Blvd, Novato, CA 94945, USA
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Martin A, Byrne A, Burke CS, Forster RJ, Keyes TE. Peptide-Bridged Dinuclear Ru(II) Complex for Mitochondrial Targeted Monitoring of Dynamic Changes to Oxygen Concentration and ROS Generation in Live Mammalian Cells. J Am Chem Soc 2014; 136:15300-9. [DOI: 10.1021/ja508043q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 90] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Aaron Martin
- School
of Chemical Sciences, National Biophotonics and Imaging Platform, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Aisling Byrne
- School
of Chemical Sciences, National Biophotonics and Imaging Platform, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Christopher S. Burke
- School
of Chemical Sciences, National Biophotonics and Imaging Platform, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Robert J. Forster
- School
of Chemical Sciences, National Biophotonics and Imaging Platform, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
| | - Tia E. Keyes
- School
of Chemical Sciences, National Biophotonics and Imaging Platform, Dublin City University, Dublin 9, Ireland
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Olofinsae SA, Ibeh BO, Ahluwalia J. Increased oxygen consumption observed in phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate stimulated human cultured promonocytic U937 cell lines treated with calcitriol and retinoic acid. ASIAN PAC J TROP MED 2014; 7S1:S272-7. [PMID: 25312135 DOI: 10.1016/s1995-7645(14)60245-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2014] [Revised: 05/07/2014] [Accepted: 06/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate the effect of phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) and formyl-methionyl-leucyl-phenylalanine (FMLP) on oxygen consumption of differentiated and non-differentiated immune cell lines by retinoic acid and calcitriol treatment which might be useful in subsequent elicitation of immunological action during immunosuppressive states. METHODS PMA and FMLP were used to artificially stimulate reactive oxygen production in cultured promonocytic U937 cell line. Paralleled samples of the cultured cells were separately prepared with calcitriol (1, 25- dihydroxyvitamin D3) and retinoic acid followed by a 72-hour incubation period. The rate of respiratory burst was measured using the Clark oxygen electrode. RESULTS The average increase in cell concentrations per mL observed was significantly higher in retinoic acid-treated cells (9×10(6) cells/mL) when compared with calcitriol-treated samples (4×10(6) cells/mL). There was a marked increase in oxygen consumption of the calcitriol-treated cell lines against the retinoic acid-treated ones. Exposure of differentiated U937 cells to PMA and FMLP increased significantly (P<0.05) in their oxygen consumption when compared with the control. PMA calcitriol-treated cells resulted in 55% oxygen consumption more than the control while FMLP oxygen consumption increased 78% by comparison with the control. CONCLUSIONS The result demonstrated that calcitriol may serve as a physiological promoter of normal differentiation of precursor cells which may exert an immunological action. This effect could elicit a marker potential and increase immune cell activity of the host especially in immunosuppressed diseased states.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Jatinder Ahluwalia
- School of Health, Sport and Bioscience, University of East London, United Kingdom
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45
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Preble JM, Pacak CA, Kondo H, MacKay AA, Cowan DB, McCully JD. Rapid isolation and purification of mitochondria for transplantation by tissue dissociation and differential filtration. J Vis Exp 2014:e51682. [PMID: 25225817 PMCID: PMC4828055 DOI: 10.3791/51682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 53] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Previously described mitochondrial isolation methods using differential centrifugation and/or Ficoll gradient centrifugation require 60 to 100 min to complete. We describe a method for the rapid isolation of mitochondria from mammalian biopsies using a commercial tissue dissociator and differential filtration. In this protocol, manual homogenization is replaced with the tissue dissociator's standardized homogenization cycle. This allows for uniform and consistent homogenization of tissue that is not easily achieved with manual homogenization. Following tissue dissociation, the homogenate is filtered through nylon mesh filters, which eliminate repetitive centrifugation steps. As a result, mitochondrial isolation can be performed in less than 30 min. This isolation protocol yields approximately 2 x 10(10) viable and respiration competent mitochondria from 0.18 ± 0.04 g (wet weight) tissue sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Janine M Preble
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School
| | - Christina A Pacak
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Anesthesia, Harvard Medical School
| | - Hiroshi Kondo
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School
| | - Allison A MacKay
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Anesthesia, Harvard Medical School
| | - Douglas B Cowan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative and Pain Medicine, Boston Children's Hospital and Department of Anesthesia, Harvard Medical School
| | - James D McCully
- Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School;
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Zhdanov AV, Dmitriev RI, Hynes J, Papkovsky DB. Kinetic Analysis of Local Oxygenation and Respiratory Responses of Mammalian Cells Using Intracellular Oxygen-Sensitive Probes and Time-Resolved Fluorometry. Methods Enzymol 2014; 542:183-207. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-416618-9.00010-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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47
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Pelletier M, Billingham LK, Ramaswamy M, Siegel RM. Extracellular flux analysis to monitor glycolytic rates and mitochondrial oxygen consumption. Methods Enzymol 2014; 542:125-49. [PMID: 24862264 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-416618-9.00007-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022]
Abstract
Evidence accumulating over the past decade has linked alterations in bioenergetic metabolism to the pathogenesis of several diseases, including inflammatory conditions and cancer. However, the mutual relationship between the effector functions and the metabolism of immune cells has begun to emerge only recently. Similar to malignant cells, both innate and adaptive immune cells undergo a metabolic reprogramming that is required for effector functions, de facto underlying the elicitation of a robust immune response. These changes allow immune cells not only to rapidly respond to pathogens or (pre)malignant cells but also to adapt to changing microenvironmental conditions. Targeting the metabolic alterations of malignant cells has been the subject of an intense wave of investigation, resulting in the identification of promising therapeutic strategies. Since the inflammatory milieu and the tumor microenvironment are similar, the metabolism of immune cells and its regulation has recently come under renewed interest as a target for immunotherapy. Here, we describe different tools and techniques to study the bioenergetic metabolism of cultured cells, using immune cells as a model. Our methodological approach relies on an extracellular flux analyzer, an instrument that enables the real-time measurement of the two central pathways used by living cells to generate adenosine triphosphate: glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. This instrument and similar technological innovations have transformed the study of cellular metabolism, unveiling its profound impact on various immunologic and oncological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martin Pelletier
- Autoimmunity Branch, Immunoregulation Section, National Institutes of Arthritis, Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Leah K Billingham
- Autoimmunity Branch, Immunoregulation Section, National Institutes of Arthritis, Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Madhu Ramaswamy
- Autoimmunity Branch, Immunoregulation Section, National Institutes of Arthritis, Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA
| | - Richard M Siegel
- Autoimmunity Branch, Immunoregulation Section, National Institutes of Arthritis, Musculoskeletal and Skin Diseases (NIAMS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Bethesda, Maryland, USA.
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Vériter S, Gianello P, Igarashi Y, Beaurin G, Ghyselinck A, Aouassar N, Jordan B, Gallez B, Dufrane D. Improvement of subcutaneous bioartificial pancreas vascularization and function by coencapsulation of pig islets and mesenchymal stem cells in primates. Cell Transplant 2013; 23:1349-64. [PMID: 23461890 DOI: 10.3727/096368913x663550] [Citation(s) in RCA: 70] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Insufficient oxygenation can limit the long-term survival of encapsulated islets in subcutaneous tissue. Transplantation of coencapsulated pig islets with adipose or bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells (AMSCs or BM-MSCs, respectively) was investigated with regard to implant vascularization, oxygenation, and diabetes correction in primates. The in vivo impact of MSCs on graft oxygenation and neovascularization was assessed in rats with streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetes that were subcutaneously transplanted with islets coencapsulated with AMSCs (n = 8) or BM-MSCs (n = 6). Results were compared to islets encapsulated alone (n = 8). STZ diabetic primates were subcutaneously transplanted with islets coencapsulated with BM-MSCs (n = 4) or AMSCs (n = 6). Recipients were monitored metabolically and immunologically, and neoangiogenesis was assessed on explanted grafts. Results were compared with primates transplanted with islets encapsulated alone (n = 5). The cotransplantation of islets with BM-MSCs or AMSCs in diabetic rats showed significantly higher graft oxygenation than islets alone (3% and 3.6% O2 for islets + BM-MSCs or AMSCs, respectively, vs. 2.2% for islets alone). A significantly better glycated hemoglobin correction (28 weeks posttransplantation) was found for primates transplanted with islets and MSCs (7.4% and 8.1%, respectively) in comparison to islets encapsulated alone (10.9%). Greater neoangiogenesis was found in the periphery of coencapsulated islets and AMSCs in comparison to islets alone (p < 0.01). In conclusion, the coencapsulation of pig islets with MSCs can improve significantly the islets' survival/function in vitro. The coencapsulation of islets with MSCs improves implant oxygenation and neoangiogenesis. However, the cotransplantation of islets with MSCs improves only slightly the long-term function of a subcutaneous bioartificial pancreas in a primate preclinical model.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sophie Vériter
- Université Catholique de Louvain, Secteur des Sciences de la Santé, Institute of Clinical and Experimental Research, Pôle de Chirurgie Expérimentale et Transplantation, Brussels, Belgium
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Danhier P, Copetti T, De Preter G, Leveque P, Feron O, Jordan BF, Sonveaux P, Gallez B. Influence of cell detachment on the respiration rate of tumor and endothelial cells. PLoS One 2013; 8:e53324. [PMID: 23382841 PMCID: PMC3559693 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0053324] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2012] [Accepted: 11/30/2012] [Indexed: 01/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Cell detachment is a procedure routinely performed in cell culture and a necessary step in many biochemical assays including the determination of oxygen consumption rates (OCR) in vitro. In vivo, cell detachment has been shown to exert profound metabolic influences notably in cancer but also in other pathologies, such as retinal detachment for example. In the present study, we developed and validated a new technique combining electron paramagnetic resonance (EPR) oximetry and the use of cytodex 1 and collagen-coated cytodex 3 dextran microbeads, which allowed the unprecedented comparison of the OCR of adherent and detached cells with high sensitivity. Hence, we demonstrated that both B16F10 melanoma cells and human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) experience strong OCR decrease upon trypsin or collagenase treatments. The reduction of cell oxygen consumption was more pronounced with a trypsin compared to a collagenase treatment. Cells remaining in suspension also encounter a marked intracellular ATP depletion and an increase in the lactate production/glucose uptake ratio. These findings highlight the important influence exerted by cell adhesion/detachment on cell respiration, which can be probed with the unprecedented experimental assay that was developed and validated in this study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Danhier
- Louvain Drug Research Institute, Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Research Group, Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Tamara Copetti
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Géraldine De Preter
- Louvain Drug Research Institute, Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Research Group, Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Philippe Leveque
- Louvain Drug Research Institute, Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Research Group, Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Olivier Feron
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bénédicte F. Jordan
- Louvain Drug Research Institute, Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Research Group, Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre Sonveaux
- Institut de Recherche Expérimentale et Clinique (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
| | - Bernard Gallez
- Louvain Drug Research Institute, Biomedical Magnetic Resonance Research Group, Université catholique de Louvain (UCL), Brussels, Belgium
- * E-mail:
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Elsheikha HM, McKinlay CL, Elsaied NA, Smith PA. Effects of Neospora caninum infection on brain microvascular endothelial cells bioenergetics. Parasit Vectors 2013; 6:24. [PMID: 23351811 PMCID: PMC3586355 DOI: 10.1186/1756-3305-6-24] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2012] [Accepted: 01/19/2013] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The brain is the most commonly affected organ during Neospora caninum infection but the mechanisms utilized by this protozoan parasite for traversal of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) are not yet understood. Herein, we investigate the cellular pathogenicity of N. caninum infection on bioenergetics of human brain microvascular endothelial cells (HBMECs), a fundamental component of the BBB. METHODS We tracked the growth kinetics of N. caninum in HBMECs. Focusing on cell bioenergetics, oxygen consumption rate (OCR) was determined using Clark electrode system and mitochondrial membrane potential (ΔΨm) was evaluated using DePsipher staining by fluorescence microscopy in the presence and absence of infection. RESULTS HBMECs provided a receptive environment for parasite proliferation. N. caninum tachyzoites were able to invade and replicate within HBMECs without significantly altering cell proliferation rate, as measured with the MTT assay, up to 24 hr post infection (pi). The oxygen consumption rate (OCR) was significantly inhibited (p < 0.001) by 10 mM glucose [from -2.26±0.23 to -0.6±0.21 nmol 106 cell min-1 and from -0.29±0.09 to -0.16±0.1 nmol 106 cell min-1 for uninfected HBMECs and free N. Caninum tachyzoites, respectively]. After normalization for DNA content the basal OCR did not differ between two host cell types: HBMECs and K562. The OCR of HBMECs was significantly elevated 24 hr pi in the absence of substrate, in 10 mM glucose and in the presence of a tetramethyl-p-phenylenediamine (TMPD)/ascorbate redox shuttle. Although quantitatively similar results were observed for uninfected K562 cells, there was no effect on their OCR 24 hr pi with N. caninum under any of the above substrate conditions. 6mM azide abolished OCR in all situations. Mitochondrial staining with DePsipher indicated no change in their membrane potential (Δψm) up to 24 hr pi. CONCLUSIONS N. caninum is able to grow in HBMECs without markedly disrupting their normal proliferation or mitochondrial integrity. However, it is associated with an increase in infected cell respiration. Whether this increase reflects numeric addition of the parasites own respiration or results from an additional energy demand upon the host cell remains to be elucidated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hany M Elsheikha
- School of Veterinary Medicine and Science, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Nottingham, Sutton Bonington Campus, Leicestershire, LE12 5RD, UK.
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