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Laundon D, Lane T, Katsamenis OL, Norman J, Brewer L, Harris SE, Basford PJ, Shotton J, Free D, Constable-Dakeyne G, Gostling NJ, Chavatte-Palmer P, Lewis RM. Correlative three-dimensional X-ray histology (3D-XRH) as a tool for quantifying mammalian placental structure. Placenta 2024:S0143-4004(24)00607-6. [PMID: 39097490 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2024.07.312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/05/2024]
Abstract
Mammalian placentas exhibit unparalleled structural diversity, despite sharing a common ancestor and principal functions. The bulk of structural studies in placental research has used two-dimensional (2D) histology sectioning, allowing significant advances in our understanding of mammalian placental structure. However, 2D histology sectioning may be limited if it does not provide accurate information of three-dimensional (3D) tissue architecture. Here, we propose correlative 3D X-ray histology (3D-XRH) as a tool with great potential for resolving mammalian placental structures. 3D-XRH involves scanning a formaldehyde-fixed, paraffin embedded (FFPE) tissue block with 3D X-ray microscopy (microCT) prior to histological sectioning to generate a 3D image volume of the embedded tissue piece. The subsequent 2D histology sections can then be correlated back into the microCT image volume to couple histology staining (or immunolabelling) with 3D tissue architecture. 3D-XRH is non-destructive and requires no additional sample preparation than standard FFPE histology sectioning, however the image volume provides 3D morphometric data and can be used to guide microtomy. As such, 3D-XRH introduces additional information to standard histological workflows with minimal effort or disruption. Using primary examples from porcine, bovine, equine, and canine placental samples, we demonstrate the application of 3D-XRH to quantifying placental structure as well as discussing the limitations and future directions of the methodology. The wealth of information derived from 2D histological sectioning in the biomedical, veterinary, and comparative reproductive sciences provides a rich foundation from which 3D-XRH can build on to advance the study of placental structure and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davis Laundon
- The Institute of Developmental Sciences, Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK; Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, University Rd, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK.
| | - Thomas Lane
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, University Rd, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Orestis L Katsamenis
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, University Rd, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK; μ-VIS X-Ray Imaging Centre, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Jeanette Norman
- Histochemistry Research Facility, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Lois Brewer
- School of Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Shelley E Harris
- The Institute of Developmental Sciences, Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK
| | - Philip J Basford
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, University Rd, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK; μ-VIS X-Ray Imaging Centre, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK; School of Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, University Road, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Justine Shotton
- Marwell Wildlife, Thompson's Ln, Colden Common, Winchester, SO21 1JH, UK
| | - Danielle Free
- Marwell Wildlife, Thompson's Ln, Colden Common, Winchester, SO21 1JH, UK
| | | | - Neil J Gostling
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, University Rd, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK; School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, University Rd, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
| | - Pascale Chavatte-Palmer
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, 78350, Jouy-en-Josas, France; Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, BREED, 94700, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Rohan M Lewis
- The Institute of Developmental Sciences, Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, SO16 6YD, UK; Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, University Rd, Highfield, Southampton, SO17 1BJ, UK
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2
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COPELAND CRAIGR, PINTAR ADAML, DIXSON RONALDG, CHANANA ASHISH, SRINIVASAN KARTIK, WESTLY DARONA, ROBERT ILIC B, DAVANCO MARCELOI, STAVIS SAMUELM. Traceable localization enables accurate integration of quantum emitters and photonic structures with high yield. OPTICA QUANTUM 2024; 2:72-84. [PMID: 38741706 PMCID: PMC11089896 DOI: 10.1364/opticaq.502464] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2023] [Accepted: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
In a popular integration process for quantum information technologies, localization microscopy of quantum emitters guides lithographic placement of photonic structures. However, a complex coupling of microscopy and lithography errors degrades registration accuracy, severely limiting device performance and process yield. We introduce a methodology to solve this widespread but poorly understood problem. A new foundation of traceable localization enables rapid characterization of lithographic standards and comprehensive calibration of cryogenic microscopes, revealing and correcting latent systematic effects. Of particular concern, we discover that scale factor deviation and complex optical distortion couple to dominate registration errors. These novel results parameterize a process model for integrating quantum dots and bullseye resonators, predicting higher yield by orders of magnitude, depending on the Purcell factor threshold as a quantum performance metric. Our foundational methodology is a key enabler of the lab-to-fab transition of quantum information technologies and has broader implications to cryogenic and correlative microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- CRAIG R. COPELAND
- Microsystems and Nanotechnology Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - ADAM L. PINTAR
- Statistical Engineering Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - RONALD G. DIXSON
- Microsystems and Nanotechnology Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - ASHISH CHANANA
- Microsystems and Nanotechnology Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - KARTIK SRINIVASAN
- Microsystems and Nanotechnology Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
- Joint Quantum Institute, NIST/University of Maryland, College Park, Maryland 20742, USA
| | - DARON A. WESTLY
- Microsystems and Nanotechnology Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - B. ROBERT ILIC
- Microsystems and Nanotechnology Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
- CNST NanoFab, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - MARCELO I. DAVANCO
- Microsystems and Nanotechnology Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
| | - SAMUEL M. STAVIS
- Microsystems and Nanotechnology Division, National Institute of Standards and Technology, Gaithersburg, Maryland 20899, USA
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Rutherford D, Kolářová K, Čech J, Haušild P, Kuliček J, Ukraintsev E, Stehlík Š, Dao R, Neuman J, Rezek B. Correlative atomic force microscopy and scanning electron microscopy of bacteria-diamond-metal nanocomposites. Ultramicroscopy 2024; 258:113909. [PMID: 38157689 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2023.113909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2023] [Revised: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 12/08/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Research investigating the interface between biological organisms and nanomaterials nowadays requires multi-faceted microscopic methods to elucidate the interaction mechanisms and effects. Here we describe a novel approach and methodology correlating data from an atomic force microscope inside a scanning electron microscope (AFM-in-SEM). This approach is demonstrated on bacteria-diamond-metal nanocomposite samples relevant in current life science research. We describe a procedure for preparing such multi-component test samples containing E. coli bacteria and chitosan-coated hydrogenated nanodiamonds decorated with silver nanoparticles on a carbon-coated gold grid. Microscopic topography information (AFM) is combined with chemical, material, and morphological information (SEM using SE and BSE at varied acceleration voltages) from the same region of interest and processed to create 3D correlative probe-electron microscopy (CPEM) images. We also establish a novel 3D RGB color image algorithm for merging multiple SE/BSE data from SEM with the AFM surface topography data which provides additional information about microscopic interaction of the diamond-metal nanocomposite with bacteria, not achievable by individual analyses. The methodology of CPEM data interpretation is independently corroborated by further in-situ (EDS) and ex-situ (micro-Raman) chemical characterization as well as by force volume AFM analysis. We also discuss the broader applicability and benefits of the methodology for life science research.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Rutherford
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic.
| | - Kateřina Kolářová
- Institute of Physics, Czech Academy of Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Čech
- Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Haušild
- Faculty of Nuclear Sciences and Physical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jaroslav Kuliček
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Egor Ukraintsev
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Štěpán Stehlík
- New Technologies Research Centre, University of West Bohemia, Pilsen, Czech Republic
| | - Radek Dao
- NenoVision s. r. o., Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Neuman
- NenoVision s. r. o., Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Bohuslav Rezek
- Faculty of Electrical Engineering, Czech Technical University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
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4
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Demir Ş, Erdal E, Bagriyanik HA. Imaging of Isolated Exosomes by Correlative Microscopy. J Histochem Cytochem 2024; 72:149-156. [PMID: 38400717 PMCID: PMC10956441 DOI: 10.1369/00221554241233346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Correlative microscopy is a sophisticated imaging technique that combines optical and electron microscopes, with the most common approach being the integration of light microscopy and electron microscopy, known as correlative light and electron microscopy (CLEM). While CLEM provides a comprehensive view of biological samples, it presents a significant challenge in sample preparation due to the distinct processes involved in each technique. Striking a balance between these methods is crucial. Despite numerous approaches, achieving seamless imaging with CLEM remains a complex task. Exosomes, nanovesicles ranging from 30 to 150 nm in size, are enclosed by a lipid bilayer and released by various cell types. Visualizing exosomes poses difficulties due to their small size and minimal electric charge. However, imaging exosomes at high resolution offers a direct method to understand their morphology and functions. In this study, we evaluated exosome imaging with CLEM using a combination of confocal, transmission electron microscope, and scanning electron microscope (SEM). In addition, we conducted a comparative analysis of these two techniques, evaluating their suitability and efficiency in imaging nanoscale structures. In this study, we found that confocal-SEM correlation is more applicable for imaging exosomes. Moreover, we observed that exosomes were found in clusters in confocal-SEM correlation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Şeyda Demir
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Health Science Institute
| | - Esra Erdal
- Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine
- Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Türkiye, and Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, 35340 Izmir, Türkiye
| | - Hüsnü Alper Bagriyanik
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Faculty of Medicine
- Department of Histology and Embryology, Health Science Institute
- Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Türkiye, and Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, 35340 Izmir, Türkiye
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5
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Laundon D, Gostling NJ, Sengers BG, Chavatte-Palmer P, Lewis RM. Placental evolution from a three-dimensional and multiscale structural perspective. Evolution 2024; 78:13-25. [PMID: 37974468 DOI: 10.1093/evolut/qpad209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 11/15/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
The placenta mediates physiological exchange between the mother and the fetus. In placental mammals, all placentas are descended from a single common ancestor and functions are conserved across species; however, the placenta exhibits radical structural diversity. The selective pressures behind this structural diversity are poorly understood. Traditionally, placental structures have largely been investigated by grouping them into qualitative categories. Assessing the placenta on this basis could be problematic when inferring the relative "efficiency" of a placental configuration to transfer nutrients from mother to fetus. We argue that only by considering placentas as three-dimensional (3D) biological structures, integrated across scales, can the evolutionary questions behind their enormous structural diversity be quantitatively determined. We review the current state of placental evolution from a structural perspective, detail where 3D imaging and computational modeling have been used to gain insight into placental function, and outline an experimental roadmap to answer evolutionary questions from a multiscale 3D structural perspective. Our approach aims to shed light on placental evolution, and can be transferred to evolutionary investigations in any organ system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davis Laundon
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Human Development and Health, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Neil J Gostling
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, School of Biological Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Bram G Sengers
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, School of Engineering, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Pascale Chavatte-Palmer
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, Jouy-en-Josas, France
- Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, BREED, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Rohan M Lewis
- Faculty of Medicine, School of Human Development and Health, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
- Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
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Cognigni F, Temporiti MEE, Nicola L, Gueninchault N, Tosi S, Rossi M. Exploring the infiltrative and degradative ability of Fusarium oxysporum on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) using correlative microscopy and deep learning. Sci Rep 2023; 13:22987. [PMID: 38151495 PMCID: PMC10752890 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-50199-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Managing the worldwide steady increase in the production of plastic while mitigating the Earth's global pollution is one of the greatest challenges nowadays. Fungi are often involved in biodegradation processes thanks to their ability to penetrate into substrates and release powerful catabolic exoenzymes. However, studying the interaction between fungi and plastic substrates is challenging due to the deep hyphal penetration, which hinders visualisation and evaluation of fungal activity. In this study, a multiscale and multimodal correlative microscopy workflow was employed to investigate the infiltrative and degradative ability of Fusarium oxysporum fungal strain on polyethylene terephthalate (PET) fragments. The use of non-destructive high-resolution 3D X-ray microscopy (XRM) coupled with a state-of-art Deep Learning (DL) reconstruction algorithm allowed optimal visualisation of the distribution of the fungus on the PET fragment. The fungus preferentially developed on the edges and corners of the fragment, where it was able to penetrate into the material through fractures. Additional analyses with scanning electron microscopy (SEM), Raman and energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX) allowed the identification of the different phases detected by XRM. The correlative microscopy approach unlocked a more comprehensive understanding of the fungus-plastic interaction, including elemental information and polymeric composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavio Cognigni
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences for Engineering (SBAI), University of Rome LA SAPIENZA, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Marta Elisabetta Eleonora Temporiti
- Laboratory of Mycology, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
- National Biodiversity Future Centre, 90133, Palermo, Italy
| | - Lidia Nicola
- Laboratory of Mycology, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy.
| | | | - Solveig Tosi
- Laboratory of Mycology, Department of Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Pavia, 27100, Pavia, Italy
- National Biodiversity Future Centre, 90133, Palermo, Italy
| | - Marco Rossi
- Department of Basic and Applied Sciences for Engineering (SBAI), University of Rome LA SAPIENZA, 00185, Rome, Italy
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7
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Reinhard J, Kaleta S, Abel JJ, Wiesner F, Wünsche M, Seemann E, Westermann M, Weber T, Nathanael J, Iliou A, Fiedorowicz H, Hillmann F, Eggeling C, Paulus GG, Fuchs S. Laboratory-Based Correlative Soft X-ray and Fluorescence Microscopy in an Integrated Setup. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2023; 29:2014-2025. [PMID: 37944034 DOI: 10.1093/micmic/ozad123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/05/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
Correlative microscopy is a powerful technique that combines the advantages of multiple imaging modalities to achieve a comprehensive understanding of investigated samples. For example, fluorescence microscopy provides unique functional contrast by imaging only specifically labeled components, especially in biological samples. However, the achievable structural information on the sample in its full complexity is limited. Here, the intrinsic label-free carbon contrast of water window soft X-ray microscopy can complement fluorescence images in a correlative approach ultimately combining nanoscale structural resolution with functional contrast. However, soft X-ray microscopes are complex and elaborate, and are usually installed on large-scale synchrotron radiation sources due to the demanding photon flux requirements. Yet, with modern high-power lasers it has become possible to generate sufficient photon flux from laser-produced plasmas, thus enabling laboratory-based setups. Here, we present a compact table-top soft X-ray microscope with an integrated epifluorescence modality for "in situ" correlative imaging. Samples remain in place when switching between modalities, ensuring identical measurement conditions and avoiding sample alteration or destruction. We demonstrate our new method by multimodal images of several exemplary samples ranging from nanoparticles to various multicolor labeled cell types. A structural resolution of down to 50 nm was reached.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julius Reinhard
- Institute of Optics and Quantum Electronics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 107743 Jena, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute Jena, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Fraunhofer Str. 8, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Sophia Kaleta
- Institute of Optics and Quantum Electronics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 107743 Jena, Germany
| | - Johann Jakob Abel
- Institute of Optics and Quantum Electronics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 107743 Jena, Germany
| | - Felix Wiesner
- Institute of Optics and Quantum Electronics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 107743 Jena, Germany
| | - Martin Wünsche
- Institute of Optics and Quantum Electronics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 107743 Jena, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute Jena, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Fraunhofer Str. 8, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Eric Seemann
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Jena University Hospital, Nonnenplan 2, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Martin Westermann
- Electron Microscopy Center, Jena University Hospital, Ziegelmühlenweg 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Thomas Weber
- Institute of Optics and Quantum Electronics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 107743 Jena, Germany
| | - Jan Nathanael
- Institute of Optics and Quantum Electronics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 107743 Jena, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute Jena, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Fraunhofer Str. 8, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Alexander Iliou
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (Leibniz- HKI), Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 23, 07745 Jena, Germany
| | - Henryk Fiedorowicz
- Institute of Optoelectronics, Military University of Technology, Kaliskiego 2, 00-908 Warsaw, Poland
| | - Falk Hillmann
- Leibniz Institute for Natural Product Research and Infection Biology, Hans Knöll Institute (Leibniz- HKI), Adolf-Reichwein-Str. 23, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Biochemistry/Biotechnology, Faculty of Engineering, Hochschule Wismar University of Applied Sciences Technology, Business and Design, Philipp-Müller-Str. 14, 23966 Wismar, Germany
| | - Christian Eggeling
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology e.V., Albert-Einstein Strasse 9, 07745 Jena, Germany
- Institute of Applied Optics and Biophysics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 1, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Gerhard G Paulus
- Institute of Optics and Quantum Electronics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 107743 Jena, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute Jena, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Fraunhofer Str. 8, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Silvio Fuchs
- Institute of Optics and Quantum Electronics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Max-Wien-Platz 107743 Jena, Germany
- Helmholtz Institute Jena, GSI Helmholtzzentrum für Schwerionenforschung GmbH, Fraunhofer Str. 8, 07743 Jena, Germany
- Laserinstitut Hochschule Mittweida, University of Applied Science Mittweida, Technikumplatz 17, 09648 Mittweida, Germany
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Laundon D, Katsamenis OL, Thompson J, Goggin P, Chatelet DS, Chavatte-Palmer P, Gostling NJ, Lewis RM. Correlative multiscale microCT-SBF-SEM imaging of resin-embedded tissue. Methods Cell Biol 2023; 177:241-267. [PMID: 37451769 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2023.01.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional biological microscopy presents a trade-off between spatial resolution and field of view. Correlative approaches applying multiple imaging techniques to the same sample can therefore mitigate against these trade-offs. Here, we present a workflow for correlative microscopic X-ray microfocus computed tomography (microCT) and serial block face scanning electron microscopy (SBF-SEM) imaging of resin-embedded tissue, using mammalian placental tissue samples as an example. This correlative X-ray and electron microscopy (CXEM) workflow allows users to image the same sample at multiple resolutions, and target the region of interest (ROI) for SBF-SEM based on microCT. We detail the protocols associated with this workflow and demonstrate its application in multiscale imaging of horse placental villi and ROI selection in the labyrinthine zone of a mouse placenta. These examples demonstrate how the protocol may need to be adapted for tissues with different densities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davis Laundon
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Orestis L Katsamenis
- μ-VIS X-Ray Imaging Centre, Faculty of Engineering and Physical Sciences, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - James Thompson
- Biomedical Imaging Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Patricia Goggin
- Biomedical Imaging Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - David S Chatelet
- Biomedical Imaging Unit, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Pascale Chavatte-Palmer
- Université Paris-Saclay, UVSQ, INRAE, BREED, Jouy-en-Josas, France; Ecole Nationale Vétérinaire d'Alfort, BREED, Maisons-Alfort, France
| | - Neil J Gostling
- School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Environmental and Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, United Kingdom; Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, United Kingdom
| | - Rohan M Lewis
- School of Human Development and Health, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, United Kingdom; Institute for Life Sciences, University of Southampton, Highfield, Southampton, United Kingdom.
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9
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Besserer A, Rose C, Deveau A. Visualization of Fungi During Wood Colonization and Decomposition by Microscopy: From Light to Electron Microscopy. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2605:337-361. [PMID: 36520402 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2871-3_17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Fungi are the principal decomposers of wood together with xylophage insects and, as such, have a central role in nutrient cycling of forest ecosystems. These fungi are also envisaged as promising tools for converting wood and waste of wood industries into chemicals, as alternative to fossil chemicals. At the same time, wood decomposers pose a threat to wooden building materials and are intensively fought. As a consequence, intense researches have been conducted over the past 50 years to identify the fungi responsible for wood decomposition, the mechanisms by which they do so, the wood properties involved in resistance or sensitivity to attacks and ways to preserve woods. Many tools are now available to study fungal colonization of wood, including: "omics" techniques, enzymatic assays, spectrometry, etc. However, all these approaches provide bulk information and the data obtained by these methods contain no information on the localization of fungi, the stage of decomposition of the wood and the potential interactions between microorganisms. In these regards, microscopy approaches provide complementary information that can strengthen conclusions. The present chapter describes a diverse range of microscopy approaches, from simple bench light microscopy to confocal and electron microscopies, to shed light on the way fungi colonize wood tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Christophe Rose
- Université de Lorraine, INRAE, UMR SILVA, Champenoux, France
| | - Aurélie Deveau
- University de Lorraine, INRAE, UMR1136 Interactions arbre microorganismes, Centre INRAE Grand Est -Nancy, Champenoux, France.
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10
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Poeta LS, Ordóñez MP, Fournier E, Nelson AJ. Correlative tomography and authentication features of a shrunken head (tsantsa). PLoS One 2022; 17:e0270305. [PMID: 35921270 PMCID: PMC9348654 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0270305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Museum personnel and the general public have become quite familiar with the presence of shrunken heads in museum collections, but the procedures to authenticate the history and origin of these unique cultural items are not yet reliable. These shrunken heads, called tsantsas, are meant to be the cultural material remains of ceremonies conducted by the Shuar and Achuar Peoples of South America. This project seeks to integrate the use of micro-computed tomography (micro-CT) scanning with methods used in previous studies (clinical computed tomography (CT) and visual inspections) to examine authentication procedures of shrunken heads (tsantsas) held in contemporary museum collections. We use a correlative tomographic approach using several scans at successively higher resolutions to determine whether a tsantsa was created from human remains, and if so, what key features can best contribute to its authentication. Conclusively, our correlative tomographic approaches provide new insights into the determination process of whether a tsantsa was created from real human remains or not. Also, this study questions whether the previously conceptualized dichotomy of ceremonial or commercial might be better thought of as a continuum of practice. Investigating and redefining the examination and authentication procedures of tsantsas is crucial for future ethical curation, management, and repatriation efforts of this unique cultural material of the Shuar and Achuar Peoples.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Maria Patricia Ordóñez
- Colegio de Ciencias Sociales y Humanidades, Universidad San Fransisco de Quito, Quito, Ecuador
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11
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Heiligenstein X, Lucas MS. One for All, All for One: A Close Look at In-Resin Fluorescence Protocols for CLEM. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:866472. [PMID: 35846358 PMCID: PMC9280628 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.866472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Sample preparation is the novel bottleneck for high throughput correlative light and electron microscopy (CLEM). Protocols suitable for both imaging methods must therefore balance the requirements of each technique. For fluorescence light microscopy, a structure of interest can be targeted using: 1) staining, which is often structure or tissue specific rather than protein specific, 2) dye-coupled proteins or antibodies, or 3) genetically encoded fluorescent proteins. Each of these three methods has its own advantages. For ultrastructural investigation by electron microscopy (EM) resin embedding remains a significant sample preparation approach, as it stabilizes the sample such that it withstands the vacuum conditions of the EM, and enables long-term storage. Traditionally, samples are treated with heavy metal salts prior to resin embedding, in order to increase imaging contrast for EM. This is particularly important for volume EM (vEM) techniques. Yet, commonly used contrasting agents (e.g., osmium tetroxide, uranyl acetate) tend to impair fluorescence. The discovery that fluorescence can be preserved in resin-embedded specimens after mild heavy metal staining was a game changer for CLEM. These so-called in-resin fluorescence protocols present a significant leap forward for CLEM approaches towards high precision localization of a fluorescent signal in (volume) EM data. Integrated microscopy approaches, combining LM and EM detection into a single instrument certainly require such an “all in one” sample preparation. Preserving, or adding, dedicated fluorescence prior to resin embedding requires a compromise, which often comes at the expense of EM imaging contrast and membrane visibility. Especially vEM can be strongly hampered by a lack of heavy metal contrasting. This review critically reflects upon the fundamental aspects of resin embedding with regard to 1) specimen fixation and the physics and chemistry underlying the preservation of protein structure with respect to fluorescence and antigenicity, 2) optimization of EM contrast for transmission or scanning EM, and 3) the choice of embedding resin. On this basis, various existing workflows employing in-resin fluorescence are described, highlighting their common features, discussing advantages and disadvantages of the respective approach, and finally concluding with promising future developments for in-resin CLEM.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Miriam S. Lucas
- Scientific Center for Light and Electron Microscopy (ScopeM), ETH Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Miriam S. Lucas,
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12
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Mazal H, Wieser FF, Sandoghdar V. Deciphering a hexameric protein complex with Angstrom optical resolution. eLife 2022; 11:76308. [PMID: 35616526 PMCID: PMC9142145 DOI: 10.7554/elife.76308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cryogenic optical localization in three dimensions (COLD) was recently shown to resolve up to four binding sites on a single protein. However, because COLD relies on intensity fluctuations that result from the blinking behavior of fluorophores, it is limited to cases where individual emitters show different brightness. This significantly lowers the measurement yield. To extend the number of resolved sites as well as the measurement yield, we employ partial labeling and combine it with polarization encoding in order to identify single fluorophores during their stochastic blinking. We then use a particle classification scheme to identify and resolve heterogenous subsets and combine them to reconstruct the three-dimensional arrangement of large molecular complexes. We showcase this method (polarCOLD) by resolving the trimer arrangement of proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA) and six different sites of the hexamer protein Caseinolytic Peptidase B (ClpB) of Thermus thermophilus in its quaternary structure, both with Angstrom resolution. The combination of polarCOLD and single-particle cryogenic electron microscopy (cryoEM) promises to provide crucial insight into intrinsic heterogeneities of biomolecular structures. Furthermore, our approach is fully compatible with fluorescent protein labeling and can, thus, be used in a wide range of studies in cell and membrane biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hisham Mazal
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Erlangen, Germany.,Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Franz-Ferdinand Wieser
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Erlangen, Germany.,Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, Erlangen, Germany.,Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
| | - Vahid Sandoghdar
- Max Planck Institute for the Science of Light, Erlangen, Germany.,Max-Planck-Zentrum für Physik und Medizin, Erlangen, Germany.,Friedrich-Alexander University of Erlangen-Nürnberg, Erlangen, Germany
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13
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Konyuba Y, Marubayashi H, Haruta T, Jinnai H. Correlative Light and Electron Microscopy of poly(ʟ-lactic acid) Spherulites for Fast Morphological Measurements using a Convolutional Neural Network. Microscopy (Oxf) 2021; 71:104-110. [PMID: 34936702 PMCID: PMC8973406 DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfab058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2021] [Revised: 11/26/2021] [Accepted: 12/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Polarized optical microscopy (POM) and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) are widely used for imaging polymer spherulite structures. TEM provides nanometer resolution to image small spherulites of sub-micrometer in diameter, while POM is more suitable for observing large spherulites. However, high-resolution images with a large field of view are challenging to achieve due to the deformations of ultrathin sectioned samples used for TEM observations. In this study, we demonstrated that correlative light and electron microscopy (CLEM) combining POM and TEM could effectively characterize the spherulite structures in a wide range from nanometer to several hundred micrometers that neither TEM nor POM alone could cover. Furthermore, the deformations of the TEM ultrathin sections were corrected by referencing to the POM images at the same position of the sample, and large-area TEM images without deformations were successfully produced. The spherulite structures of poly(ʟ-lactic acid) were successfully analyzed using CLEM and TEM in a wide range of spatial scales at the same field of view. The large-area TEM image (250 µm × 250 µm), consisting of 702 TEM images stitched together, was subjected to machine learning to extract the essential structural information of spherulites. Analysis using the convolutional neural network, a well-known algorithm You Only Look Once (YOLO), demonstrated that it was practical to accurately obtain the diameter distribution and the space-filling factor (relative crystallinity) of the spherulites. This study presents a new approach for acquiring high-resolution images with a large field of view and processing the images at a fast speed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuji Konyuba
- JEOL Ltd, 3-1-2 Musashino, Akishima, Tokyo 196-8558, Japan
| | - Hironori Marubayashi
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
| | | | - Hiroshi Jinnai
- Institute of Multidisciplinary Research for Advanced Materials, Tohoku University, 2-1-1 Katahira, Aoba-ku, Sendai, Miyagi 980-8577, Japan
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14
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Yokota M, Kakuta S, Shiga T, Ishikawa KI, Okano H, Hattori N, Akamatsu W, Koike M. Establishment of an in vitro model for analyzing mitochondrial ultrastructure in PRKN-mutated patient iPSC-derived dopaminergic neurons. Mol Brain 2021; 14:58. [PMID: 33757554 PMCID: PMC7986497 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-021-00771-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial structural changes are associated with the regulation of mitochondrial function, apoptosis, and neurodegenerative diseases. PRKN is known to be involved with various mechanisms of mitochondrial quality control including mitochondrial structural changes. Parkinson's disease (PD) with PRKN mutations is characterized by the preferential degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra pars compacta, which has been suggested to result from the accumulation of damaged mitochondria. However, ultrastructural changes of mitochondria specifically in dopaminergic neurons derived from iPSC have rarely been analyzed. The main reason for this would be that the dopaminergic neurons cannot be distinguished directly among a mixture of iPSC-derived differentiated cells under electron microscopy. To selectively label dopaminergic neurons and analyze mitochondrial morphology at the ultrastructural level, we generated control and PRKN-mutated patient tyrosine hydroxylase reporter (TH-GFP) induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) lines. Correlative light-electron microscopy analysis and live cell imaging of GFP-expressing dopaminergic neurons indicated that iPSC-derived dopaminergic neurons had smaller and less functional mitochondria than those in non-dopaminergic neurons. Furthermore, the formation of spheroid-shaped mitochondria, which was induced in control dopaminergic neurons by a mitochondrial uncoupler, was inhibited in the PRKN-mutated dopaminergic neurons. These results indicate that our established TH-GFP iPSC lines are useful for characterizing mitochondrial morphology, such as spheroid-shaped mitochondria, in dopaminergic neurons among a mixture of various cell types. Our in vitro model would provide insights into the vulnerability of dopaminergic neurons and the processes leading to the preferential loss of dopaminergic neurons in patients with PRKN mutations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mutsumi Yokota
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Soichiro Kakuta
- Laboratory of Morphology and Image Analysis, Research Support Center, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
- Department of Cellular and Molecular Neuropathology, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Takahiro Shiga
- Center for Genomic and Regenerative Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Kei-Ichi Ishikawa
- Center for Genomic and Regenerative Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Hideyuki Okano
- Department of Physiology, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 160-8582, Japan
| | - Nobutaka Hattori
- Department of Neurology, Juntendo University School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
- Advanced Research Institute for Health Sciences, Juntendo University, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Wado Akamatsu
- Center for Genomic and Regenerative Medicine, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
- Advanced Research Institute for Health Sciences, Juntendo University, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan
| | - Masato Koike
- Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Juntendo University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-1-1 Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
- Advanced Research Institute for Health Sciences, Juntendo University, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 113-8421, Japan.
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15
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Harper CB, Smillie KJ. Current molecular approaches to investigate pre-synaptic dysfunction. J Neurochem 2021; 157:107-129. [PMID: 33544872 DOI: 10.1111/jnc.15316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 01/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Over the course of the last few decades it has become clear that many neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders have a synaptic defect, which contributes to pathogenicity. A rise in new techniques, and in particular '-omics'-based methods providing large datasets, has led to an increase in potential proteins and pathways implicated in synaptic function and related disorders. Additionally, advancements in imaging techniques have led to the recent discovery of alternative modes of synaptic vesicle recycling. This has resulted in a lack of clarity over the precise role of different pathways in maintaining synaptic function and whether these new pathways are dysfunctional in neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders. A greater understanding of the molecular detail of pre-synaptic function in health and disease is key to targeting new proteins and pathways for novel treatments and the variety of new techniques currently available provides an ideal opportunity to investigate these functions. This review focuses on techniques to interrogate pre-synaptic function, concentrating mainly on synaptic vesicle recycling. It further examines techniques to determine the underlying molecular mechanism of pre-synaptic dysfunction and discusses methods to identify molecular targets, along with protein-protein interactions and cellular localization. In combination, these techniques will provide an expanding and more complete picture of pre-synaptic function. With the application of recent technological advances, we are able to resolve events with higher spatial and temporal resolution, leading research towards a greater understanding of dysfunction at the presynapse and the role it plays in pathogenicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Callista B Harper
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
| | - Karen J Smillie
- Centre for Discovery Brain Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Scotland, UK
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16
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Fitzek H, Wewerka K, Schmidt U, Schröttner H, Zankel A. The combination of Raman microscopy and electron microscopy - Practical considerations of the influence of vacuum on Raman microscopy. Micron 2021; 143:103029. [PMID: 33581473 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2021.103029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 01/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Due to the specific vacuum requirements for scanning electron microscopy (SEM), the Raman microscope has to operate in vacuum in a correlative Raman-SEM, which is a type of microscope combination that has recently increased in popularity. This works considers the implications of conducting Raman microscopy under vacuum, as opposed to operating in ambient air, the standard working regime of this technique. We show that the performance of the optics of the Raman microscope are identical in both conditions, but laser beam-sample interactions, such as fluorescent bleaching and beam damage, might be different due to the lack of oxygen in vacuum. The bleaching of the fluorescent background appears to be mostly unaffected by the lack of oxygen, except when very low laser powers are used. Regarding laser-beam damage, organic samples are more sensitive in vacuum than in air, whereas no definite verdict is possible for inorganic samples. These findings have practical implications for the application of correlative Raman-SEM, as low laser powers, or in extreme cases cryo-methods, need to be used for organic samples that appear only moderately beam sensitive under usual ambient air.
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Affiliation(s)
- Harald Fitzek
- Graz Centre for Electron Microscopy (ZFE), Steyrergasse 17, 8010, Graz, Austria.
| | - Karin Wewerka
- Institute of Electron Microscopy and Nanoanalysis (FELMI), Graz University of Technology (TU Graz), NAWI Graz, Steyrergasse 17, 8010, Graz, Austria.
| | - Ute Schmidt
- WITec GmbH, Lise-Meitner-Straße 6, 89081, Ulm, Germany.
| | - Hartmuth Schröttner
- Graz Centre for Electron Microscopy (ZFE), Steyrergasse 17, 8010, Graz, Austria; Institute of Electron Microscopy and Nanoanalysis (FELMI), Graz University of Technology (TU Graz), NAWI Graz, Steyrergasse 17, 8010, Graz, Austria.
| | - Armin Zankel
- Graz Centre for Electron Microscopy (ZFE), Steyrergasse 17, 8010, Graz, Austria; Institute of Electron Microscopy and Nanoanalysis (FELMI), Graz University of Technology (TU Graz), NAWI Graz, Steyrergasse 17, 8010, Graz, Austria.
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17
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Prabhakar N, Belevich I, Peurla M, Heiligenstein X, Chang HC, Sahlgren C, Jokitalo E, Rosenholm JM. Cell Volume (3D) Correlative Microscopy Facilitated by Intracellular Fluorescent Nanodiamonds as Multi-Modal Probes. NANOMATERIALS 2020; 11:nano11010014. [PMID: 33374705 PMCID: PMC7822478 DOI: 10.3390/nano11010014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Three-dimensional correlative light and electron microscopy (3D CLEM) is attaining popularity as a potential technique to explore the functional aspects of a cell together with high-resolution ultrastructural details across the cell volume. To perform such a 3D CLEM experiment, there is an imperative requirement for multi-modal probes that are both fluorescent and electron-dense. These multi-modal probes will serve as landmarks in matching up the large full cell volume datasets acquired by different imaging modalities. Fluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs) are a unique nanosized, fluorescent, and electron-dense material from the nanocarbon family. We hereby propose a novel and straightforward method for executing 3D CLEM using FNDs as multi-modal landmarks. We demonstrate that FND is biocompatible and is easily identified both in living cell fluorescence imaging and in serial block-face scanning electron microscopy (SB-EM). We illustrate the method by registering multi-modal datasets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Prabhakar
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland;
- Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Ilya Belevich
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Helsinki Institute of Life Science—Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland; (I.B.); (E.J.)
| | - Markus Peurla
- Institute of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland;
- Cancer Research Laboratory FICAN West, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | | | - Huan-Cheng Chang
- Institute of Atomic and Molecular Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei 10617, Taiwan;
| | - Cecilia Sahlgren
- Cell Biology, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland;
| | - Eija Jokitalo
- Electron Microscopy Unit, Helsinki Institute of Life Science—Institute of Biotechnology, University of Helsinki, FI-00014 Helsinki, Finland; (I.B.); (E.J.)
| | - Jessica M. Rosenholm
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland;
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18
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Prabhakar N, Peurla M, Shenderova O, Rosenholm JM. Fluorescent and Electron-Dense Green Color Emitting Nanodiamonds for Single-Cell Correlative Microscopy. Molecules 2020; 25:E5897. [PMID: 33322105 PMCID: PMC7764487 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25245897] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2020] [Revised: 12/07/2020] [Accepted: 12/12/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Correlative light and electron microscopy (CLEM) is revolutionizing how cell samples are studied. CLEM provides a combination of the molecular and ultrastructural information about a cell. For the execution of CLEM experiments, multimodal fiducial landmarks are applied to precisely overlay light and electron microscopy images. Currently applied fiducials such as quantum dots and organic dye-labeled nanoparticles can be irreversibly quenched by electron beam exposure during electron microscopy. Generally, the sample is therefore investigated with a light microscope first and later with an electron microscope. A versatile fiducial landmark should offer to switch back from electron microscopy to light microscopy while preserving its fluorescent properties. Here, we evaluated green fluorescent and electron dense nanodiamonds for the execution of CLEM experiments and precisely correlated light microscopy and electron microscopy images. We demonstrated that green color emitting fluorescent nanodiamonds withstand electron beam exposure, harsh chemical treatments, heavy metal straining, and, importantly, their fluorescent properties remained intact for light microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeraj Prabhakar
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland;
| | - Markus Peurla
- Institute of Biomedicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland;
- Cancer Research Laboratory FICAN West, Institute of Biomedicine, University of Turku, 20520 Turku, Finland
- Turku Bioscience Centre, University of Turku and Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland
| | - Olga Shenderova
- Adámas Nanotechnologies, Inc., 8100 Brownleigh Drive, Suite 120, Raleigh, NC 27617, USA;
| | - Jessica M. Rosenholm
- Pharmaceutical Sciences Laboratory, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Åbo Akademi University, 20520 Turku, Finland;
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19
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Bringing SEM and MSI Closer Than Ever Before: Visualizing Aspergillus and Pseudomonas Infection in the Rat Lungs. J Fungi (Basel) 2020; 6:jof6040257. [PMID: 33143040 PMCID: PMC7711807 DOI: 10.3390/jof6040257] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
A procedure for processing frozen rat lung tissue sections for scanning electron microscopy (SEM) from deeply frozen samples initially collected and stored for matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI-MSI) was developed. The procedure employed slow thawing of the frozen sections while floating on the surface and melting in a fixative solution. After the float-washing step, the sections were dehydrated in a graded ethanol series and dried in a critical point dryer. The SEM generated images with well-preserved structures, allowing for monitoring of bacterial cells and fungal hyphae in the infected tissue. Importantly, the consecutive nonfixed frozen sections were fully compatible with MALDI-MSI, providing molecular biomarker maps of Pseudomonas aeruginosa. The protocol enables bimodal image fusion in the in-house software CycloBranch, as demonstrated by SEM and MALDI-MSI.
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20
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In focus in HCB. Histochem Cell Biol 2020; 153:71-75. [PMID: 31993752 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-020-01843-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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21
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Enhancing the Value of Histopathological Assessment of Allograft Biopsy Monitoring. Transplantation 2020; 103:1306-1322. [PMID: 30768568 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000002656] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Traditional histopathological allograft biopsy evaluation provides, within hours, diagnoses, prognostic information, and mechanistic insights into disease processes. However, proponents of an array of alternative monitoring platforms, broadly classified as "invasive" or "noninvasive" depending on whether allograft tissue is needed, question the value proposition of tissue histopathology. The authors explore the pros and cons of current analytical methods relative to the value of traditional and illustrate advancements of next-generation histopathological evaluation of tissue biopsies. We describe the continuing value of traditional histopathological tissue assessment and "next-generation pathology (NGP)," broadly defined as staining/labeling techniques coupled with digital imaging and automated image analysis. Noninvasive imaging and fluid (blood and urine) analyses promote low-risk, global organ assessment, and "molecular" data output, respectively; invasive alternatives promote objective, "mechanistic" insights by creating gene lists with variably increased/decreased expression compared with steady state/baseline. Proponents of alternative approaches contrast their preferred methods with traditional histopathology and: (1) fail to cite the main value of traditional and NGP-retention of spatial and inferred temporal context available for innumerable objective analyses and (2) belie an unfamiliarity with the impact of advances in imaging and software-guided analytics on emerging histopathology practices. Illustrative NGP examples demonstrate the value of multidimensional data that preserve tissue-based spatial and temporal contexts. We outline a path forward for clinical NGP implementation where "software-assisted sign-out" will enable pathologists to conduct objective analyses that can be incorporated into their final reports and improve patient care.
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Hirashima S, Ohta K, Kanazawa T, Togo A, Tsuneyoshi R, Miyazono Y, Kusukawa J, Nakamura KI. Correlative imaging of collagen fibers and fibroblasts using CLEM optimized for picrosirius red staining and FIB/SEM tomography. Microscopy (Oxf) 2020; 69:324-329. [DOI: 10.1093/jmicro/dfaa024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 04/16/2020] [Accepted: 05/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Conventional imaging for three-dimensional (3D) ultra-architectural analysis of collagen fibers and fibroblasts is time-consuming and requires numerous ultrathin sections to search the target area. Currently, no method allows 3D ultra-architectural analysis of predetermined areas including spatial relationships between collagen fibers and fibroblasts in vitro. Herein, we developed a new method for in vitro analysis of the 3D ultrastructure of fibroblasts and collagen fibers using CLEM optimized for picrosirius red staining and FIB/SEM tomography. Collagen fibers were observed between, rather than on top of, stacked cells. This method offers the advantage of mesoscopic and ultrastructural analysis, thus minimizing bias and ensuring accurate observation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shingo Hirashima
- Division of Microscopic and Developmental Anatomy, Department of Anatomy, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
- Dental and Oral Medical Center, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Keisuke Ohta
- Division of Microscopic and Developmental Anatomy, Department of Anatomy, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Tomonoshin Kanazawa
- Division of Microscopic and Developmental Anatomy, Department of Anatomy, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Akinobu Togo
- Advanced Imaging Research Center, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Risa Tsuneyoshi
- Division of Microscopic and Developmental Anatomy, Department of Anatomy, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Yoshihiro Miyazono
- Dental and Oral Medical Center, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Jingo Kusukawa
- Dental and Oral Medical Center, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
| | - Kei-ichiro Nakamura
- Division of Microscopic and Developmental Anatomy, Department of Anatomy, Kurume University School of Medicine, 67 Asahi-machi, Kurume, Fukuoka 830-0011, Japan
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Mohammadian S, Agronskaia AV, Blab GA, van Donselaar EG, de Heus C, Liv N, Klumperman J, Gerritsen HC. Integrated super resolution fluorescence microscopy and transmission electron microscopy. Ultramicroscopy 2020; 215:113007. [PMID: 32470633 DOI: 10.1016/j.ultramic.2020.113007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2020] [Revised: 04/14/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
In correlative light and electron microscopy (CLEM), the capabilities of fluorescence microscopy (FM) and electron microscopy (EM) are united. FM combines a large field of view with high sensitivity for detecting fluorescence, which makes it an excellent tool for identifying regions of interest. EM has a much smaller field of view but offers superb resolution that allows studying cellular ultrastructure. In CLEM, the potentials of both techniques are combined but a limiting factor is the large difference in resolution between the two imaging modalities. Adding super resolution FM to CLEM reduces the resolution gap between FM and EM; it offers the possibility of identifying multiple targets within the diffraction limit and can increase correlation accuracy. CLEM is usually carried out in two separate setups, which requires transfer of the sample. This may result in distortion and damage of the specimen, which can complicate finding back regions of interest. By integrating the two imaging modalities, such problems can be avoided. Here, an integrated super resolution correlative microscopy approach is presented based on a wide-field super resolution FM integrated in a Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM). Switching imaging modalities is accomplished by rotation of the TEM sample holder. First imaging experiments are presented on sections of Lowicryl embedded Human Umbilical Vein Endothelial Cells labeled for Caveolin both with Protein A-Gold, and Alexa Fluor®647. TEM and FM images were overlaid using fiducial markers visible in both imaging modalities with an overlay accuracy of 28 ± 11 nm. This is close to the optical resolution of ~50 nm.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sajjad Mohammadian
- Molecular Biophysics, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Alexandra V Agronskaia
- Molecular Biophysics, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Gerhard A Blab
- Molecular Biophysics, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Elly G van Donselaar
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Cecilia de Heus
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Nalan Liv
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Judith Klumperman
- Department of Cell Biology, Centre for Molecular Medicine, University Medical Centre Utrecht, Utrecht, Netherlands
| | - Hans C Gerritsen
- Molecular Biophysics, Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Utrecht University, Princetonplein 1, 3584 CC Utrecht, Netherlands.
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24
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Cheng D, Morsch M, Shami GJ, Chung RS, Braet F. Observation and characterisation of macrophages in zebrafish liver. Micron 2020; 132:102851. [PMID: 32092694 DOI: 10.1016/j.micron.2020.102851] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 02/12/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
Kupffer cells are liver-resident macrophages that play an important role in mediating immune-related functions in mammals and humans. They are well-known for their capacity to phagocytose large amounts of waste complexes, cell debris, microbial particles and even malignant cells. Location, appearance and functional aspects are important features used to identify these characteristic cells of the liver sinusoid. To-date, there is limited information on the occurrence of macrophages in zebrafish liver. Therefore, we aimed to characterise the ultrastructural and functional aspects of liver-associated macrophages in the zebrafish model by taking advantage of the latest advances in zebrafish genetics and multimodal correlative imaging. Herein, we report on the occurrence of macrophages within the zebrafish liver exhibiting conventional ultrastructural features (e.g. presence of pseudopodia, extensive lysosomal apparatus, a phagolysosome and making up ∼3% of the liver volume). Intriguingly, these cells were not located within the sinusoidal vascular bed of hepatic tissue but instead resided between hepatocytes and lacked phagocytic function. While our results demonstrated the presence and structural similarities with liver macrophages from other experimental models, their functional characteristics were distinctly different from Kupffer cells that have been described in rodents and humans. These findings illustrate that the innate immune system of the zebrafish liver has some distinctly different characteristics compared to other animal experimental models. This conclusion underpins our call for future studies in order to have a better understanding of the physiological role of macrophages residing between the parenchymal cells of the zebrafish liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Delfine Cheng
- School of Medical Sciences (Discipline of Anatomy and Histology) - The Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Marco Morsch
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
| | - Gerald J Shami
- School of Medical Sciences (Discipline of Anatomy and Histology) - The Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Roger S Chung
- Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Macquarie University, Sydney, NSW 2109, Australia.
| | - Filip Braet
- School of Medical Sciences (Discipline of Anatomy and Histology) - The Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Australian Centre for Microscopy & Microanalysis, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre (Cellular Imaging Facility), The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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25
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Manskikh VN, Sheval EV. An adaptation of Twort's method for polychromatic staining of epoxy-embedded semithin sections. Histochem Cell Biol 2019; 153:121-127. [PMID: 31848702 DOI: 10.1007/s00418-019-01836-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/09/2019] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
Epoxy-embedded semithin sections are useful for the analysis of cell and tissue organization, as well as for the processing of samples for transmission electron microscopy. Because only a very limited number of staining protocols have been developed for epoxy-embedded sections; semithin sections are used infrequently compared to conventional paraffin sections. Here, we describe a simple and reproducible polychromatic protocol for the routine staining of epoxy-embedded semithin sections by adapting Twort's staining method (mixture of neutral red and fast green FCF). The method can be used for the visualization of cellular organization as well as for the detection of elastic and collagen fibers. The proposed protocol demonstrated the best results for samples fixed for transmission electron microscopy, which suggests, as we demonstrated here, that this staining protocol can also be used for correlative light and electron microscopy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vasiliy N Manskikh
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia
| | - Eugene V Sheval
- Belozersky Institute of Physico-Chemical Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
- Department of Cell Biology and Histology, Faculty of Biology, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Moscow, 119991, Russia.
- LIA 1066 LFR2O French-Russian Joint Cancer Research Laboratory, Villejuif, France.
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26
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Michálek J, Štěpka K, Kozubek M, Navrátilová J, Pavlatovská B, Machálková M, Preisler J, Pruška A. Quantitative Assessment of Anti-Cancer Drug Efficacy From Coregistered Mass Spectrometry and Fluorescence Microscopy Images of Multicellular Tumor Spheroids. MICROSCOPY AND MICROANALYSIS : THE OFFICIAL JOURNAL OF MICROSCOPY SOCIETY OF AMERICA, MICROBEAM ANALYSIS SOCIETY, MICROSCOPICAL SOCIETY OF CANADA 2019; 25:1311-1322. [PMID: 31571549 DOI: 10.1017/s1431927619014983] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Spheroids-three-dimensional aggregates of cells grown from a cancer cell line-represent a model of living tissue for chemotherapy investigation. Distribution of chemotherapeutics in spheroid sections was determined using the matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization mass spectrometry imaging (MALDI MSI). Proliferating or apoptotic cells were immunohistochemically labeled and visualized by laser scanning confocal fluorescence microscopy (LSCM). Drug efficacy was evaluated by comparing coregistered MALDI MSI and LSCM data of drug-treated spheroids with LSCM only data of untreated control spheroids. We developed a fiducial-based workflow for coregistration of low-resolution MALDI MS with high-resolution LSCM images. To allow comparison of drug and cell distribution between the drug-treated and untreated spheroids of different shapes or diameters, we introduced a common diffusion-related coordinate, the distance from the spheroid boundary. In a procedure referred to as "peeling", we correlated average drug distribution at a certain distance with the average reduction in the affected cells between the untreated and the treated spheroids. This novel approach makes it possible to differentiate between peripheral cells that died due to therapy and the innermost cells which died naturally. Two novel algorithms-for MALDI MS image denoising and for weighting of MALDI MSI and LSCM data by the presence of cell nuclei-are also presented.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Michálek
- Centre for Biomedical Image Analysis, Faculty of Informatics, Masaryk University, Botanická 68a, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Karel Štěpka
- Centre for Biomedical Image Analysis, Faculty of Informatics, Masaryk University, Botanická 68a, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Michal Kozubek
- Centre for Biomedical Image Analysis, Faculty of Informatics, Masaryk University, Botanická 68a, 602 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jarmila Navrátilová
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
- Center for Biological and Cellular Engineering, International Clinical Research Center, St. Anne's University Hospital, Pekařská 53, 656 91 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Pavlatovská
- Department of Experimental Biology, Faculty of Science, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Markéta Machálková
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Preisler
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Adam Pruška
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science and Central European Institute of Technology (CEITEC), Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, 625 00 Brno, Czech Republic
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Microscopic Characterization of Biological and Inert Particles Associated with Spacecraft Assembly Cleanroom. Sci Rep 2019; 9:14251. [PMID: 31582832 PMCID: PMC6776515 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-50782-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 09/05/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
NASA cleanrooms are certified by particle counts and are humidity-controlled, temperature-regulated, and oligotrophic in nature for assembling spacecraft subsystems. Microorganisms, which are not part of the cleanroom certification metrics, should not be overlooked when assessing the cleanliness of the facility since they can enter through soil or air, shed from humans, adapt to the oligotrophic conditions, and subsequently could contaminate spacecraft. These biogenic particles need to be identified to extend our knowledge of biological contamination for future NASA mission use. This study collected particles from the cleanroom and estimated the distribution of fallout microbial cell and inert dust particles using microscopy and molecular techniques. Aluminum coupon-based polycarbonate filter assemblies were deployed in the spacecraft assembly cleanroom facility to collect fallout particles. Epifluorescence and electron microscopy showed that particles varied in size and structure, and displayed live/dead biological and inert particle signatures from sources that include spores and fungal hyphae. Additionally, correlative epifluorescence and field emission scanning electron microscopy, combined with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (for elemental compositions) methods, differentiated whether microbes adhering to particles were live/dead cells or inert particles. This visualization approach allowed for the classification of microorganisms as being standalone (free-living) or associated with a particle, as well as its characteristic size. Furthermore, time-course microscopy was used to determine the microbial cell growth and confirm the biological/molecular identification. Routine investigation of cleanroom biological and inert fallout particles will help to determine the biological load of spacecraft components and will also have direct relevance to the pharmaceutical and medical industries. One of the main objectives for NASA’s current and future missions is to prevent forward and back contamination of exploring planets. The goal of this study is to determine the association of microorganisms with the inert, natural cleanroom fallout particles and to ascertain whether microorganisms prefer to adhere to a particle size. A novel microscopy technique was developed, and by utilizing various molecular techniques, particles and associated microbial phylogeny were characterized. An accurate assessment of the microbes associated with cleanroom particles is necessary to protect the health of the people who occupy the room for long duration for aeronautical, medical, and pharmaceutical industries.
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28
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Taraska JW. A primer on resolving the nanoscale structure of the plasma membrane with light and electron microscopy. J Gen Physiol 2019; 151:974-985. [PMID: 31253697 PMCID: PMC6683668 DOI: 10.1085/jgp.201812227] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/10/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Taraska reviews the imaging methods that are being used to understand the structure of the plasma membrane at the molecular level. The plasma membrane separates a cell from its external environment. All materials and signals that enter or leave the cell must cross this hydrophobic barrier. Understanding the architecture and dynamics of the plasma membrane has been a central focus of general cellular physiology. Both light and electron microscopy have been fundamental in this endeavor and have been used to reveal the dense, complex, and dynamic nanoscale landscape of the plasma membrane. Here, I review classic and recent developments in the methods used to image and study the structure of the plasma membrane, particularly light, electron, and correlative microscopies. I will discuss their history and use for mapping the plasma membrane and focus on how these tools have provided a structural framework for understanding the membrane at the scale of molecules. Finally, I will describe how these studies provide a roadmap for determining the nanoscale architecture of other organelles and entire cells in order to bridge the gap between cellular form and function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Justin W Taraska
- Biochemistry and Biophysics Center, National Heart, Lung, and Blood Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD
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29
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Weiner A, Enninga J. The Pathogen–Host Interface in Three Dimensions: Correlative FIB/SEM Applications. Trends Microbiol 2019; 27:426-439. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tim.2018.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2018] [Revised: 11/27/2018] [Accepted: 11/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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30
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Schmidt R, Fitzek H, Nachtnebel M, Mayrhofer C, Schroettner H, Zankel A. The Combination of Electron Microscopy, Raman Microscopy and Energy Dispersive X‐Ray Spectroscopy for the Investigation of Polymeric Materials. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2019. [DOI: 10.1002/masy.201800237] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ruth Schmidt
- Institute of Electron Microscopy Nanoanalysis, NAWI Graz, Graz University of TechnologySteyrergasse 17Austria
- Graz Centre for Electron MicroscopySteyrergasse 17Austria
| | - Harald Fitzek
- Graz Centre for Electron MicroscopySteyrergasse 17Austria
| | | | | | - Hartmuth Schroettner
- Institute of Electron Microscopy Nanoanalysis, NAWI Graz, Graz University of TechnologySteyrergasse 17Austria
- Graz Centre for Electron MicroscopySteyrergasse 17Austria
| | - Armin Zankel
- Institute of Electron Microscopy Nanoanalysis, NAWI Graz, Graz University of TechnologySteyrergasse 17Austria
- Graz Centre for Electron MicroscopySteyrergasse 17Austria
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31
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Richert-Pöggeler KR, Franzke K, Hipp K, Kleespies RG. Electron Microscopy Methods for Virus Diagnosis and High Resolution Analysis of Viruses. Front Microbiol 2019; 9:3255. [PMID: 30666247 PMCID: PMC6330349 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.03255] [Citation(s) in RCA: 57] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The term "virosphere" describes both the space where viruses are found and the space they influence, and can extend to their impact on the environment, highlighting the complexity of the interactions involved. Studying the biology of viruses and the etiology of virus disease is crucial to the prevention of viral disease, efficient and reliable virus diagnosis, and virus control. Electron microscopy (EM) is an essential tool in the detection and analysis of virus replication. New EM methods and ongoing technical improvements offer a broad spectrum of applications, allowing in-depth investigation of viral impact on not only the host but also the environment. Indeed, using the most up-to-date electron cryomicroscopy methods, such investigations are now close to atomic resolution. In combination with bioinformatics, the transition from 2D imaging to 3D remodeling allows structural and functional analyses that extend and augment our knowledge of the astonishing diversity in virus structure and lifestyle. In combination with confocal laser scanning microscopy, EM enables live imaging of cells and tissues with high-resolution analysis. Here, we describe the pivotal role played by EM in the study of viruses, from structural analysis to the biological relevance of the viral metagenome (virome).
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja R. Richert-Pöggeler
- Federal Research Center for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, Julius Kühn Institute, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Kati Franzke
- Institute of Infectiology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Katharina Hipp
- Electron Microscopy Facility, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Regina G. Kleespies
- Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Biological Control, Julius Kühn Institute, Darmstadt, Germany
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32
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Möbius W, Posthuma G. Sugar and ice: Immunoelectron microscopy using cryosections according to the Tokuyasu method. Tissue Cell 2018; 57:90-102. [PMID: 30201442 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2018.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2018] [Revised: 07/26/2018] [Accepted: 08/22/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Since the pioneering work of Kiyoteru Tokuyasu in the 70ths the use of thawed cryosections prepared according to the "Tokuyasu-method" for immunoelectron microscopy did not lose popularity. We owe this method a whole subcellular world described by discrete gold particles pointing at cargo, receptors and organelle markers on delicate images of the inner life of a cell. Here we explain the procedure of sample preparation, sectioning and immunolabeling in view of recent developments and the reasoning behind protocols including some historical perspective. Cryosections are prepared from chemically fixed and sucrose infiltrated samples and labeled with affinity probes and electron dense markers. These sections are ideal substrates for immunolabeling, since antigens are not exposed to organic solvent dehydration or masked by resin. Instead, the structures remain fully hydrated throughout the labeling procedure. Furthermore, target molecules inside dense intercellular structural elements, cells and organelles are accessible to antibodies from the section surface. For the validation of antibody specificity several approaches are recommended including knock-out tissue and reagent controls. Correlative light and electron microscopy strategies involving correlative probes are possible as well as correlation of live imaging with the underlying ultrastructure. By applying stereology, gold labeling can be quantified and evaluated for specificity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wiebke Möbius
- Electron Microscopy Core Unit, Department of Neurogenetics, Max Planck Institute of Experimental Medicine, 37075, Göttingen, Germany; Center for Nanoscale Microscopy and Molecular Physiology of the Brain, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - George Posthuma
- Department of Cell Biology, Cell Microscopy Core, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, P.O. Box 85500, 3508 GA, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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33
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Fuest M, Nocera GM, Modena MM, Riedel D, Mejia YX, Burg TP. Cryofixation during live-imaging enables millisecond time-correlated light and electron microscopy. J Microsc 2018; 272:87-95. [PMID: 30088278 DOI: 10.1111/jmi.12747] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Revised: 06/29/2018] [Accepted: 07/13/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Correlating live-cell imaging with electron microscopy is among the most promising approaches to relate dynamic functions of cells or small organisms to their underlying ultrastructure. The time correlation between light and electron micrographs, however, is limited by the sample handling and fixation required for electron microscopy. Current cryofixation methods require a sample transfer step from the light microscope to a dedicated instrument for cryofixation. This transfer step introduces a time lapse of one second or more between live imaging and the fixed state, which is studied by electron microscopy. In this work, we cryofix Caenorhabditis elegans directly within the light microscope field of view, enabling millisecond time-correlated live imaging and electron microscopy. With our approach, the time-correlation is limited only by the sample cooling rate. C. elegans was used as a model system to establish compatibility of in situ cryofixation and subsequent transmission electron microscopy (TEM). TEM images of in situ cryofixed C. elegans show that the ultrastructure of the sample was well preserved with this method. We expect that the ability to correlate live imaging and electron microscopy at the millisecond scale will enable new paradigms to study biological processes across length scales based on real-time selection and arrest of a desired state. LAY DESCRIPTION Researchers seek to link cellular functions to their smallest structural components. Currently this requires correlation of two imaging techniques, live imaging and electron microscopy. Current correlative methods, however, have limited time resolution due to the sample preparation procedures for electron microscopy. Following live imaging, samples are transferred from the light microscope to a cryofixation, or ultra-fast freezing, instrument. The biological process progresses until the sample freezes, 1 second or more after the last live image. In this work, samples are cryofixed directly within the light microscope field of view. By eliminating the transfer step, time correlation between light and electron microscopy images of our samples is limited only by the freezing rate to the order of milliseconds rather than seconds.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Fuest
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Goettingen, Germany
| | - G M Nocera
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Goettingen, Germany
| | - M M Modena
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Goettingen, Germany
| | - D Riedel
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Goettingen, Germany
| | - Y X Mejia
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Goettingen, Germany
| | - T P Burg
- Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, Goettingen, Germany
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34
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Hagemann P, Gesper A, Happel P. Correlative Stimulated Emission Depletion and Scanning Ion Conductance Microscopy. ACS NANO 2018; 12:5807-5815. [PMID: 29791140 DOI: 10.1021/acsnano.8b01731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Correlation microscopy combining fluorescence and scanning probe or electron microscopy is limited to fixed samples due to the sample preparation and nonphysiological imaging conditions required by most probe or electron microscopy techniques. Among the few scanning probe techniques that allow imaging of living cells under physiological conditions, scanning ion conductance microscopy (SICM) has been shown to be the technique that minimizes the impact on the investigated sample. However, combinations of SICM and fluorescence microscopy suffered from the mismatch in resolution due to the limited resolution of conventional light microscopy. In the last years, the diffraction limit of light microscopy has been circumvented by various techniques, one of which is stimulated emission depletion (STED) microscopy. Here, we aimed at demonstrating the combination of STED and SICM. We show that both methods allow recording a living cellular specimen and provide a SICM and STED image of the same sample, which allowed us to correlate the membrane surface topography and the distribution of the cytoskeletal protein actin. Our proof-of-concept study exemplifies the benefit of correlating SICM with a subdiffraction fluorescence method and might form the basis for the development of a combined instrument that would allow the simultaneous recording of subdiffraction fluorescence and topography information.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Hagemann
- Nanoscopy Group, RUBION , Ruhr-Universität Bochum , Universitätsstraße 150 , D-44801 , Bochum , Germany
| | - Astrid Gesper
- Nanoscopy Group, RUBION , Ruhr-Universität Bochum , Universitätsstraße 150 , D-44801 , Bochum , Germany
| | - Patrick Happel
- Nanoscopy Group, RUBION , Ruhr-Universität Bochum , Universitätsstraße 150 , D-44801 , Bochum , Germany
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35
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Burel A, Lavault MT, Chevalier C, Gnaegi H, Prigent S, Mucciolo A, Dutertre S, Humbel BM, Guillaudeux T, Kolotuev I. A targeted 3D EM and correlative microscopy method using SEM array tomography. Development 2018; 145:dev.160879. [PMID: 29802150 DOI: 10.1242/dev.160879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2017] [Accepted: 05/16/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Using electron microscopy to localize rare cellular events or structures in complex tissue is challenging. Correlative light and electron microscopy procedures have been developed to link fluorescent protein expression with ultrastructural resolution. Here, we present an optimized scanning electron microscopy (SEM) workflow for volumetric array tomography for asymmetric samples and model organisms (Caenorhabditis elegans, Drosophila melanogaster, Danio rerio). We modified a diamond knife to simplify serial section array acquisition with minimal artifacts. After array acquisition, the arrays were transferred to a glass coverslip or silicon wafer support. Using light microscopy, the arrays were screened rapidly for initial recognition of global anatomical features (organs or body traits). Then, using SEM, an in-depth study of the cells and/or organs of interest was performed. Our manual and automatic data acquisition strategies make 3D data acquisition and correlation simpler and more precise than alternative methods. This method can be used to address questions in cell and developmental biology that require the efficient identification of a labeled cell or organelle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agnes Burel
- University of Rennes 1, UMS Biosit, MRic, 35043 Rennes, France
| | | | | | | | - Sylvain Prigent
- University of Rennes 1, UMS Biosit, MRic, 35043 Rennes, France
| | - Antonio Mucciolo
- University of Lausanne, Faculté de biologie et de médecine, Electron Microscopy Facility, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Bruno M Humbel
- University of Lausanne, Faculté de biologie et de médecine, Electron Microscopy Facility, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Irina Kolotuev
- University of Rennes 1, UMS Biosit, MRic, 35043 Rennes, France .,University of Lausanne, Faculté de biologie et de médecine, Electron Microscopy Facility, CH-1015 Lausanne, Switzerland
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36
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The application of CorrSight™ in correlative light and electron microscopy of vitrified biological specimens. BIOPHYSICS REPORTS 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s41048-018-0059-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
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37
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Abstract
Cryofluorescence imaging is of great interest in biological microscopy because vitrified samples (i.e., frozen without ice crystallization) are free from fixation artifacts, are highly photostable, and allow direct correlation with electron cryomicroscopy. Here, we show a concept for conducting cryo-light microscopy in immersion that provides a twofold to fivefold increase in image brightness and higher resolution than are attainable with air objectives. Spherical aberration at an imaging temperature below the glass transition of water (−135 °C) is corrected by our approach. Cryogenic fluorescent light microscopy of flash-frozen cells stands out by artifact-free fixation and very little photobleaching of the fluorophores used. To attain the highest level of resolution, aberration-free immersion objectives with accurately matched immersion media are required, but both do not exist for imaging below the glass-transition temperature of water. Here, we resolve this challenge by combining a cryoimmersion medium, HFE-7200, which matches the refractive index of room-temperature water, with a technological concept in which the body of the objective and the front lens are not in thermal equilibrium. We implemented this concept by replacing the metallic front-lens mount of a standard bioimaging water immersion objective with an insulating ceramic mount heated around its perimeter. In this way, the objective metal housing can be maintained at room temperature, while creating a thermally shielded cold microenvironment around the sample and front lens. To demonstrate the range of potential applications, we show that our method can provide superior contrast in Escherichia coli and yeast cells expressing fluorescent proteins and resolve submicrometer structures in multicolor immunolabeled human bone osteosarcoma epithelial (U2OS) cells at −140°C.
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38
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Abstract
Probes are essential to visualize proteins in their cellular environment, both using light microscopy as well as electron microscopy (EM). Correlated light microscopy and electron microscopy (CLEM) requires probes that can be imaged simultaneously by both optical and electron-dense signals. Existing combinatorial probes often have impaired efficiency, need ectopic expression as a fusion protein, or do not target endogenous proteins. Here, we present FLIPPER-bodies to label endogenous proteins for CLEM. Fluorescent Indicator and Peroxidase for Precipitation with EM Resolution (FLIPPER), the combination of a fluorescent protein and a peroxidase, is fused to a nanobody against a target of interest. The modular nature of these probes allows an easy exchange of components to change its target or color. A general FLIPPER-body targeting GFP highlights histone2B-GFP both in fluorescence and in EM. Similarly, endogenous EGF receptors and HER2 are visualized at nm-scale resolution in ultrastructural context. The small and flexible FLIPPER-body outperforms IgG-based immuno-labeling, likely by better reaching the epitopes. Given the modular domains and possibilities of nanobody generation for other targets, FLIPPER-bodies have high potential to become a universal tool to identify proteins in immuno-CLEM with increased sensitivity compared to current approaches.
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Richert-Pöggeler KR, Franzke K, Hipp K, Kleespies RG. Electron Microscopy Methods for Virus Diagnosis and High Resolution Analysis of Viruses. Front Microbiol 2018. [PMID: 30666247 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.03255.ecollection] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The term "virosphere" describes both the space where viruses are found and the space they influence, and can extend to their impact on the environment, highlighting the complexity of the interactions involved. Studying the biology of viruses and the etiology of virus disease is crucial to the prevention of viral disease, efficient and reliable virus diagnosis, and virus control. Electron microscopy (EM) is an essential tool in the detection and analysis of virus replication. New EM methods and ongoing technical improvements offer a broad spectrum of applications, allowing in-depth investigation of viral impact on not only the host but also the environment. Indeed, using the most up-to-date electron cryomicroscopy methods, such investigations are now close to atomic resolution. In combination with bioinformatics, the transition from 2D imaging to 3D remodeling allows structural and functional analyses that extend and augment our knowledge of the astonishing diversity in virus structure and lifestyle. In combination with confocal laser scanning microscopy, EM enables live imaging of cells and tissues with high-resolution analysis. Here, we describe the pivotal role played by EM in the study of viruses, from structural analysis to the biological relevance of the viral metagenome (virome).
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Affiliation(s)
- Katja R Richert-Pöggeler
- Federal Research Center for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Epidemiology and Pathogen Diagnostics, Julius Kühn Institute, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Kati Franzke
- Institute of Infectiology, Friedrich-Loeffler-Institut, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health, Greifswald-Insel Riems, Germany
| | - Katharina Hipp
- Electron Microscopy Facility, Max Planck Institute for Developmental Biology, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Regina G Kleespies
- Federal Research Centre for Cultivated Plants, Institute for Biological Control, Julius Kühn Institute, Darmstadt, Germany
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40
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Braet F, Taatjes DJ, Wisse E. Probing the unseen structure and function of liver cells through atomic force microscopy. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2017; 73:13-30. [PMID: 28688930 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2017.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2017] [Revised: 07/03/2017] [Accepted: 07/03/2017] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
With the arrival of atomic force microscopy (AFM) about thirty years ago, this new imaging tool opened up a new area for the exploration of biological samples, ranging from the tissue and cellular level down to the supramolecular scale. Commercial instruments of this new imaging technique began to appear in the five years following its discovery in 1986 by Binnig, Quate & Gerber. From that point onwards the AFM has attracted many liver biologists, and the number of publications describing structure-function relationships on the diverse set of liver cells has grown steadily ever since. It is therefore timely to reflect on the achievements of AFM in disclosing the cellular architecture of hepatocytes, liver sinusoidal endothelial cells, Kupffer cells, stellate cells and liver-associated natural killer cells. In this thematic paper, we present new data and provide an in-depth overview of the current AFM literature on liver cell biology. We furthermore include a future outlook on how this scanning probe imaging tool and its latest developments can contribute to clarify various structural and functional aspects of cells in liver health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Filip Braet
- School of Medical Sciences (Discipline of Anatomy and Histology)-The Bosch Institute, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Australian Centre for Microscopy & Microanalysis, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Charles Perkins Centre (Cellular Imaging Facility), The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Douglas J Taatjes
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA; Microscopy Imaging Center, Larner College of Medicine, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, 05405, USA
| | - Eddie Wisse
- Maastricht Multimodal Molecular Imaging Institute, Division of Nanoscopy, University of Maastricht, The Netherlands; Department of Internal Medicine, University of Maastricht, 6200, MD, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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41
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Abstract
We have developed an imaging method designated as correlative light microscopy and block-face imaging (CoMBI), which contributes to improve the reliability of morphological analyses. This method can collect both the frozen sections and serial block-face images in a single specimen. The frozen section can be used for conventional light microscopic analysis to obtain 2-dimensional (2D) anatomical and molecular information, while serial block-face images can be used as 3-dimensional (3D) volume data for anatomical analysis. Thus, the sections maintain positional information in the specimen, and allows the correlation of 2D microscopic data and 3D volume data in a single specimen. The subjects can vary in size and type, and can cover most specimens encountered in biology. In addition, the required system for our method is characterized by cost-effectiveness. Here, we demonstrated the utility of CoMBI using specimens ranging in size from several millimeters to several centimeters, i.e., mouse embryos, human brainstem samples, and stag beetle larvae, and present successful correlation between the 2D light microscopic images and 3D volume data in a single specimen.
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Marion J, Le Bars R, Satiat-Jeunemaitre B, Boulogne C. Optimizing CLEM protocols for plants cells: GMA embedding and cryosections as alternatives for preservation of GFP fluorescence in Arabidopsis roots. J Struct Biol 2017; 198:196-202. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jsb.2017.03.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2017] [Accepted: 03/23/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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43
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An easy, fast and “low-tech”-equipment-requiring alternative method to optimize immunolabelling conditions for pre-embedding immunogold electron microscopy and to correlate light and electron microscopical immunogold labelling results. J Immunol Methods 2017; 444:7-16. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jim.2017.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2016] [Revised: 02/02/2017] [Accepted: 02/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Relocation is the key to successful correlative fluorescence and scanning electron microscopy. Methods Cell Biol 2017; 140:215-244. [PMID: 28528635 DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2017.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
In this chapter the authors report on an automated hardware and software solution enabling swift correlative sample array mapping of fluorescently stained molecules within cells and tissues across length scales. Samples are first observed utilizing wide-field optical and fluorescence microscopy, followed by scanning electron microscopy, using calibration points on a dedicated sample-relocation holder. We investigated HeLa cells in vitro, fluorescently labeled for monosialoganglioside one (GM-1), across both imaging platforms within tens of minutes of initial sample preparation. This resulted in a high-throughput and high spatially resolved correlative fluorescence and electron microscopy analysis and allowed us to collect complementary nanoscopic information on the molecular and structural composition of two differently distinct HeLa cell populations expressing different levels of GM-1. Furthermore, using the small zebrafish animal model Danio rerio, we showed the versatility and relocation accuracy of the sample-relocation holder to locate fluo-tagged macromolecular complexes within large volumes using long ribbons of serial tissue sections. The subsequent electron microscopy imaging of the tissue arrays of interest enabled the generation of correlated information on the fine distribution of albumin within hepatic and kidney tissue. Our approach underpins the merits that an automated sample-relocation holder solution brings in support of results-driven research, where relevant biological questions can be answered, and high-throughput data can be generated in a rigorous statistical manner.
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45
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Multi-color electron microscopy by element-guided identification of cells, organelles and molecules. Sci Rep 2017; 7:45970. [PMID: 28387351 PMCID: PMC5384080 DOI: 10.1038/srep45970] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/07/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Cellular complexity is unraveled at nanometer resolution using electron microscopy (EM), but interpretation of macromolecular functionality is hampered by the difficulty in interpreting grey-scale images and the unidentified molecular content. We perform large-scale EM on mammalian tissue complemented with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX) to allow EM-data analysis based on elemental composition. Endogenous elements, labels (gold and cadmium-based nanoparticles) as well as stains are analyzed at ultrastructural resolution. This provides a wide palette of colors to paint the traditional grey-scale EM images for composition-based interpretation. Our proof-of-principle application of EM-EDX reveals that endocrine and exocrine vesicles exist in single cells in Islets of Langerhans. This highlights how elemental mapping reveals unbiased biomedical relevant information. Broad application of EM-EDX will further allow experimental analysis on large-scale tissue using endogenous elements, multiple stains, and multiple markers and thus brings nanometer-scale 'color-EM' as a promising tool to unravel molecular (de)regulation in biomedicine.
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46
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Haring MT, Liv N, Zonnevylle AC, Narvaez AC, Voortman LM, Kruit P, Hoogenboom JP. Automated sub-5 nm image registration in integrated correlative fluorescence and electron microscopy using cathodoluminescence pointers. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43621. [PMID: 28252673 PMCID: PMC5333625 DOI: 10.1038/srep43621] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2016] [Accepted: 01/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
In the biological sciences, data from fluorescence and electron microscopy is correlated to allow fluorescence biomolecule identification within the cellular ultrastructure and/or ultrastructural analysis following live-cell imaging. High-accuracy (sub-100 nm) image overlay requires the addition of fiducial markers, which makes overlay accuracy dependent on the number of fiducials present in the region of interest. Here, we report an automated method for light-electron image overlay at high accuracy, i.e. below 5 nm. Our method relies on direct visualization of the electron beam position in the fluorescence detection channel using cathodoluminescence pointers. We show that image overlay using cathodoluminescence pointers corrects for image distortions, is independent of user interpretation, and does not require fiducials, allowing image correlation with molecular precision anywhere on a sample.
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Affiliation(s)
- Martijn T. Haring
- Department of Imaging Physics, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Nalan Liv
- Department of Imaging Physics, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | | | - Angela C. Narvaez
- Department of Imaging Physics, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | | | - Pieter Kruit
- Department of Imaging Physics, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
| | - Jacob P. Hoogenboom
- Department of Imaging Physics, Delft University of Technology, Delft, The Netherlands
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Meier AF, Suter M, Schraner EM, Humbel BM, Tobler K, Ackermann M, Laimbacher AS. Transfer of Anti-Rotavirus Antibodies during Pregnancy and in Milk Following Maternal Vaccination with a Herpes Simplex Virus Type-1 Amplicon Vector. Int J Mol Sci 2017; 18:E431. [PMID: 28212334 PMCID: PMC5343965 DOI: 10.3390/ijms18020431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2016] [Revised: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/09/2017] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Rotaviruses (RVs) are important enteric pathogens of newborn humans and animals, causing diarrhea and in rare cases death, especially in very young individuals. Rotavirus vaccines presently used are modified live vaccines that lack complete biological safety. Previous work from our laboratory suggested that vaccines based on in situ produced, non-infectious rotavirus-like particles (RVLPs) are efficient while being entirely safe. However, using either vaccine, active mucosal immunization cannot induce protective immunity in newborns due to their immature immune system. We therefore hypothesized that offspring from vaccinated dams are passively immunized either by transfer of maternal antibodies during pregnancy or by taking up antibodies from milk. Using a codon optimized polycistronic gene expression cassette packaged into herpesvirus particles, the simultaneous expression of the RV capsid genes led to the intracellular formation of RVLPs in various cell lines. Vaccinated dams developed a strong RV specific IgG antibody response determined in sera and milk of both mother and pups. Moreover, sera of naïve pups nursed by vaccinated dams also had RV specific antibodies suggesting a lactogenic transfer of antibodies. Although full protection of pups was not achieved in this mouse model, our observations are important for the development of improved vaccines against RV in humans as well as in various animal species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anita F Meier
- Institute of Virology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Mark Suter
- Immunology Division, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Elisabeth M Schraner
- Institutes of Veterinary Anatomy and Virology, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Bruno M Humbel
- Electron Microscopy Facility, University of Lausanne, 1015 Lausanne, Switzerland.
| | - Kurt Tobler
- Institute of Virology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Mathias Ackermann
- Institute of Virology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
| | - Andrea S Laimbacher
- Institute of Virology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Zurich, 8057 Zurich, Switzerland.
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48
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49
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Schorb M, Sieckmann F. Matrix MAPS—an intuitive software to acquire, analyze, and annotate light microscopy data for CLEM. Methods Cell Biol 2017; 140:321-333. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.mcb.2017.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
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50
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Abstract
Myelination by oligodendrocytes in the central nervous system (CNS) and Schwann cells in the peripheral nervous system is essential for nervous system function and health. Despite its importance, we have a relatively poor understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms that regulate myelination in the living animal, particularly in the CNS. This is partly due to the fact that myelination commences around birth in mammals, by which time the CNS is complex and largely inaccessible, and thus very difficult to image live in its intact form. As a consequence, in recent years much effort has been invested in the use of smaller, simpler, transparent model organisms to investigate mechanisms of myelination in vivo. Although the majority of such studies have employed zebrafish, the Xenopus tadpole also represents an important complementary system with advantages for investigating myelin biology in vivo. Here we review how the natural features of zebrafish embryos and larvae and Xenopus tadpoles make them ideal systems for experimentally interrogating myelination by live imaging. We outline common transgenic technologies used to generate zebrafish and Xenopus that express fluorescent reporters, which can be used to image myelination. We also provide an extensive overview of the imaging modalities most commonly employed to date to image the nervous system in these transparent systems, and also emerging technologies that we anticipate will become widely used in studies of zebrafish and Xenopus myelination in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jenea M Bin
- Centre for Neuroregeneration, MS Society Centre for Translational Research, Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - David A Lyons
- Centre for Neuroregeneration, MS Society Centre for Translational Research, Euan MacDonald Centre for Motor Neurone Disease Research, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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