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Holzhütter HG. Dynamical modelling of lipid droplet formation suggests a key function of membrane phospholipids. FEBS J 2024. [PMID: 39132700 DOI: 10.1111/febs.17238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2024] [Revised: 06/10/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 08/13/2024]
Abstract
Cells store triacylglycerol (TAG) within lipid droplets (LDs). A dynamic model describing complete LD formation at the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) membrane does not yet exist. A biochemical-biophysical model of LD synthesis is proposed. It describes the time-dependent accumulation of TAG in the ER membrane as the formation of a potential LD (pLD) bounded by spherical caps of the inner and outer monolayers of the membrane. The expansion rate of the pLD depends on the TAG supply, the elastic properties of the ER membrane, and the recruitment of phospholipids (PLs) to the cap-covering monolayers. Model simulations provided the following insights: (a) Marginal differences in the surface tension of the cap monolayers are sufficient to fully drive the expansion of the pLD towards the cytosol or lumen. (b) Selective reduction of PL supply to the luminal monolayer ensures stable formation of cytosolic LDs, irrespective of variations in the elasto-mechanical properties of the ER membrane. (c) The rate of TAG supply to the cytosolic monolayer has a major effect on the size and maturation time of LDs but has no significant effect on the TAG export per individual LD. The recruitment of additional PLs to the cap monolayers of pLDs critically controls the budding direction, size, and maturation time of LDs. The ability of cells to acquire additional LD initiation sites appears to be key to coping with acutely high levels of potentially toxic free fatty acids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hermann-Georg Holzhütter
- Institute of Biochemistry, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Germany
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2
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Cui YL, Guo JS, Zhang CX, Yu XP, Li DT. Silencing NlFAR7 destroyed the pore canals and related structures of the brown planthopper. INSECT MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 33:350-361. [PMID: 38430546 DOI: 10.1111/imb.12903] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 02/18/2024] [Indexed: 03/04/2024]
Abstract
Fatty acyl-CoA reductase (FAR) is one of the key enzymes, which catalyses the conversion of fatty acyl-CoA to the corresponding alcohols. Among the FAR family members in the brown planthopper (Nilaparvata lugens), NlFAR7 plays a pivotal role in both the synthesis of cuticular hydrocarbons and the waterproofing of the cuticle. However, the precise mechanism by which NlFAR7 influences the formation of the cuticle structure in N. lugens remains unclear. Therefore, this paper aims to investigate the impact of NlFAR7 through RNA interference, transmission electron microscope, focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy (FIB-SEM) and lipidomics analysis. FIB-SEM is employed to reconstruct the three-dimensional (3D) architecture of the pore canals and related cuticle structures in N. lugens subjected to dsNlFAR7 and dsGFP treatments, enabling a comprehensive assessment of changes in the cuticle structures. The results reveal a reduction in the thickness of the cuticle and disruptions in the spiral structure of pore canals, accompanied by widened base and middle diameters. Furthermore, the lipidomics comparison analysis between dsNlFAR7- and dsGFP-treated N. lugens demonstrated that there were 25 metabolites involved in cuticular lipid layer synthesis, including 7 triacylglycerols (TGs), 5 phosphatidylcholines (PCs), 3 phosphatidylethanolamines (PEs) and 2 diacylglycerols (DGs) decreased, and 4 triacylglycerols (TGs) and 4 PEs increased. In conclusion, silencing NlFAR7 disrupts the synthesis of overall lipids and destroys the cuticular pore canals and related structures, thereby disrupting the secretion of cuticular lipids, thus affecting the cuticular waterproofing of N. lugens. These findings give significant attention with reference to further biochemical researches on the substrate specificity of FAR protein, and the molecular regulation mechanisms during N. lugens life cycle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Lin Cui
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection and Quarantine, College of Life Science, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Jian-Shen Guo
- Center of Cryo-Electron Microscopy, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Chuan-Xi Zhang
- State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-Products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo, China
| | - Xiao-Ping Yu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection and Quarantine, College of Life Science, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dan-Ting Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory of Biometrology and Inspection and Quarantine, College of Life Science, China Jiliang University, Hangzhou, China
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3
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Zhang Z, Yu Z, Liang D, Song K, Kong X, He M, Liao X, Huang Z, Kang A, Bai R, Ren Y. Roles of lipid droplets and related proteins in metabolic diseases. Lipids Health Dis 2024; 23:218. [PMID: 39030618 PMCID: PMC11264848 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-024-02212-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2024] [Accepted: 07/11/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs), which are active organelles, derive from the monolayer membrane of the endoplasmic reticulum and encapsulate neutral lipids internally. LD-associated proteins like RAB, those in the PLIN family, and those in the CIDE family participate in LD formation and development, and they are active players in various diseases, organelles, and metabolic processes (i.e., obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and autophagy). Our synthesis on existing research includes insights from the formation of LDs to their mechanisms of action, to provide an overview needed for advancing research into metabolic diseases and lipid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongyang Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, South Maoyuan Road, Shunqing District, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, 637000, China
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Intestinal Diseases, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, China
| | - Zhenghang Yu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, South Maoyuan Road, Shunqing District, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, 637000, China
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Intestinal Diseases, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, China
| | - Dianyuan Liang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, South Maoyuan Road, Shunqing District, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, 637000, China
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Intestinal Diseases, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, China
| | - Ke Song
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, South Maoyuan Road, Shunqing District, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, 637000, China
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Intestinal Diseases, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, China
| | - Xiangxin Kong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, South Maoyuan Road, Shunqing District, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, 637000, China
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Intestinal Diseases, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, China
| | - Ming He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, South Maoyuan Road, Shunqing District, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, 637000, China
| | - Xinxin Liao
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Intestinal Diseases, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, China
| | - Ziyan Huang
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Intestinal Diseases, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, China
| | - Aijia Kang
- Institute of Hepatobiliary Pancreatic Intestinal Diseases, North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, 637000, China
| | - Rubing Bai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, South Maoyuan Road, Shunqing District, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, 637000, China.
| | - Yixing Ren
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, South Maoyuan Road, Shunqing District, Nanchong, Sichuan Province, 637000, China.
- General Surgery, Chengdu XinHua Hospital Affiliated to North Sichuan Medical College, Chengdu, 610000, China.
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Lang Y, Zhong C, Guo L, Liu Z, Zuo D, Chen X, Ding L, Huang B, Li B, Yuan Y, Niu Y, Qiu J, Qian C. Monoacylglycerol acyltransferase-2 inhibits colorectal carcinogenesis in APC min+/- mice. iScience 2024; 27:110205. [PMID: 39055928 PMCID: PMC11269928 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2024.110205] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2023] [Revised: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Monoacylglycerol acyltransferase-2 (MOGAT2), encodes MOGAT enzyme in the re-synthesis of triacylglycerol and protects from metabolism disorders. While, its precise involvement in colorectal cancer (CRC) progression remains inadequately understood. Our study demonstrated that knockout of Mogat2 in Apcmin/+ mice expedited intestinal tumor growth and progression, indicating that Mogat2 plays a tumor-suppressing role in CRC. Mechanically, Mogat2 deletion resulted in a significant alter the gut microbiota, while Fecal Microbiota Transplantation (FMT) experiments demonstrated that the gut microbiota in Mogat2 deleted mice promoted tumor growth. Furthermore, we identified Mogat2 as a functional regulator suppressing CRC cell proliferation and tumor growth by inhibiting the NF-κB signaling pathway in vivo. Collectively, these results provide novel insights into the protective double roles of Mogat2, inhibiting of NF-κB pathway and keeping gut microbiota homeostasis in colorectal cancer, which may help the development of novel cancer treatments for CRC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanhong Lang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, P.R. China
- Department of Liver Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou 510060, P.R. China
| | - Chengrui Zhong
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, P.R. China
| | - Lingling Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, P.R. China
| | - Zhijie Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, P.R. China
| | - Dinglan Zuo
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, P.R. China
| | - Xi Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, P.R. China
| | - Liuyan Ding
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, P.R. China
| | - Bijun Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, P.R. China
| | - Binkui Li
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, P.R. China
- Department of Liver Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou 510060, P.R. China
| | - Yunfei Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, P.R. China
- Department of Liver Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou 510060, P.R. China
| | - Yi Niu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, P.R. China
| | - Jiliang Qiu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, P.R. China
- Department of Liver Surgery, Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, 651 Dongfeng Road East, Guangzhou 510060, P.R. China
| | - Chaonan Qian
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sun Yat-Sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, P.R. China
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Guangzhou Concord Cancer Center, 9 Ciji Road, Huangpu District, Guangzhou 510555, P.R. China
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5
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Núñez-Sánchez MÁ, Martínez-Sánchez MA, Martínez-Montoro JI, Balaguer-Román A, Murcia-García E, Fernández-Ruiz VE, Ferrer-Gómez M, Martínez-Cáceres CM, Sledzinski T, Frutos MD, Hernández-Morante JJ, Fernández-García JC, Queipo-Ortuño MI, Ruiz-Alcaraz AJ, Mika A, Ramos-Molina B. Lipidomic Analysis Reveals Alterations in Hepatic FA Profile Associated With MASLD Stage in Patients With Obesity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2024; 109:1781-1792. [PMID: 38217869 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgae028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2023] [Revised: 01/01/2024] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT Metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) is characterized by the intracellular lipid accumulation in hepatocytes. Excess caloric intake and high-fat diets are considered to significantly contribute to MASLD development. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the hepatic and serum fatty acid (FA) composition in patients with different stages of MASLD, and their relationship with FA dietary intake and MASLD-related risk factors. METHODS This was a case-control study in patients with obesity undergoing bariatric surgery at a university hospital between January 2020 and December 2021. Participants were distributed in 3 groups: no MASLD (n = 26), steatotic liver disease (n = 33), and metabolic dysfunction-associated steatohepatitis (n = 32). Hepatic and serum FA levels were determined by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. Nutritional status was evaluated using validated food frequency questionnaires. The hepatic expression of genes involved in FA metabolism was analyzed by reverse transcription quantitative polymerase chain reaction. RESULTS The hepatic, but not serum, FA profiles were significantly altered in patients with MASLD compared with those without MASLD. No differences were observed in FA intake between the groups. Levels of C16:0, C18:1, and the C18:1/C18:0 ratio were higher, while C18:0 levels and C18:0/C16:0 ratio were lower in patients with MASLD, being significantly different between the 3 groups. Hepatic FA levels and ratios correlated with histopathological diagnosis and other MASLD-related parameters. The expression of genes involved in the FA metabolism was upregulated in patients with MASLD. CONCLUSION Alterations in hepatic FA levels in MASLD patients were due to enhancement of de novo lipogenesis in the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Ángeles Núñez-Sánchez
- Obesity, Diabetes and Metabolism Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | | | - José Ignacio Martínez-Montoro
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Victoria University Hospital, Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga (IBIMA), Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain
| | - Andrés Balaguer-Román
- Obesity, Diabetes and Metabolism Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), 30120 Murcia, Spain
- Department of General and Digestive System Surgery, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Elena Murcia-García
- Eating Disorders Research Unit, Faculty of Nursing, UCAM Catholic University of Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain
| | - Virginia Esperanza Fernández-Ruiz
- Obesity, Diabetes and Metabolism Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), 30120 Murcia, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Mercedes Ferrer-Gómez
- Obesity, Diabetes and Metabolism Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), 30120 Murcia, Spain
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | | | - Tomasz Sledzinski
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - María Dolores Frutos
- Department of General and Digestive System Surgery, Virgen de la Arrixaca University Hospital, 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Juan José Hernández-Morante
- Obesity, Diabetes and Metabolism Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), 30120 Murcia, Spain
- Eating Disorders Research Unit, Faculty of Nursing, UCAM Catholic University of Murcia, 30107 Murcia, Spain
| | - José Carlos Fernández-García
- Department of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Regional University Hospital of Malaga, Biomedical Research Institute of Malaga (IBIMA), Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaga, 29010 Malaga, Spain
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de la Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición (CIBERObn), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - María Isabel Queipo-Ortuño
- Intercenter Medical Oncology Clinical Management Unit, Regional and Virgen de la Victoria University Hospitals, Málaga Biomedical Research Institute (IBIMA)-CIMES-UMA, 29010 Málaga, Spain
- Department of Surgical Specialties, Biochemical and Immunology. Faculty of Medicine, University of Málaga, 29071 Malaga, Spain
| | - Antonio José Ruiz-Alcaraz
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology B and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Murcia, 30120 Murcia, Spain
| | - Adriana Mika
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
- Department of Environmental Analysis, Faculty of Chemistry, University of Gdansk, 80-211 Gdansk, Poland
| | - Bruno Ramos-Molina
- Obesity, Diabetes and Metabolism Laboratory, Biomedical Research Institute of Murcia (IMIB), 30120 Murcia, Spain
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Li S, Xiong F, Zhang S, Liu J, Gao G, Xie J, Wang Y. Oligonucleotide therapies for nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. MOLECULAR THERAPY. NUCLEIC ACIDS 2024; 35:102184. [PMID: 38665220 PMCID: PMC11044058 DOI: 10.1016/j.omtn.2024.102184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) represents a severe disease subtype of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) that is thought to be highly associated with systemic metabolic abnormalities. It is characterized by a series of substantial liver damage, including hepatocellular steatosis, inflammation, and fibrosis. The end stage of NASH, in some cases, may result in cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Nowadays a large number of investigations are actively under way to test various therapeutic strategies, including emerging oligonucleotide drugs (e.g., antisense oligonucleotide, small interfering RNA, microRNA, mimic/inhibitor RNA, and small activating RNA) that have shown high potential in treating this fatal liver disease. This article systematically reviews the pathogenesis of NASH/NAFLD, the promising druggable targets proven by current studies in chemical compounds or biological drug development, and the feasibility and limitations of oligonucleotide-based therapeutic approaches under clinical or pre-clinical studies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sixu Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, West China College of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610066, China
| | - Feng Xiong
- Department of Cardiology, The Third People’s Hospital of Chengdu, Chengdu 610031, China
| | - Songbo Zhang
- Department of Breast Surgery, Sichuan Clinical Research Center for Cancer, Sichuan Cancer Hospital & Institute, Sichuan Cancer Center, Affiliated Cancer Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jinghua Liu
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Guangping Gao
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Li Weibo Institute for Rare Diseases Research, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Viral Vector Core, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical, School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Jun Xie
- Horae Gene Therapy Center, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Department of Microbiology and Physiological Systems, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
- Viral Vector Core, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical, School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Pathophysiology, West China College of Basic Medical Sciences & Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610066, China
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Yu Y, Li Y, Wen C, Yang F, Chen X, Yi W, Deng L, Cheng X, Yu N, Huang L. High-frequency hearing vulnerability associated with the different supporting potential of Hensen's cells: SMART-Seq2 RNA sequencing. Biosci Trends 2024; 18:165-175. [PMID: 38583982 DOI: 10.5582/bst.2024.01044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
Hearing loss is the third most prevalent physical condition affecting communication, well-being, and healthcare costs. Sensorineural hearing loss often occurs first in the high-frequency region (basal turn), then towards the low-frequency region (apical turn). However, the mechanism is still unclear. Supporting cells play a critical role in the maintenance of normal cochlear function. The function and supporting capacity of these cells may be different from different frequency regions. Hensen's cells are one of the unique supporting cell types characterized by lipid droplets (LDs) in the cytoplasm. Here, we investigated the morphological and gene expression differences of Hensen's cells along the cochlear axis. We observed a gradient change in the morphological characteristics of Hensen's cells along the cochlear tonotopic axis, with larger and more abundant LDs observed in apical Hensen's cells. Smart-seq2 RNA-seq revealed differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between apical and basal Hensen's cells that clustered in several pathways, including unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis, cholesterol metabolism, and fatty acid catabolism, which are associated with different energy storage capacities and metabolic potential. These findings suggest potential differences in lipid metabolism and oxidative energy supply between apical and basal Hensen's cells, which is consistent with the morphological differences of Hensen's cells. We also found differential expression patterns of candidate genes associated with hereditary hearing loss (HHL), noise-induced hearing loss (NIHL), and age-related hearing loss (ARHL). These findings indicate functional heterogeneity of SCs along the cochlear axis, contribute to our understanding of cochlear physiology and provide molecular basis evidence for future studies of hearing loss.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiding Yu
- Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Yue Li
- Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Cheng Wen
- Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Fengbo Yang
- Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College, Nanchong, China
| | - Xuemin Chen
- College of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Wenqi Yi
- College of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Deng
- Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaohua Cheng
- Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
| | - Ning Yu
- College of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Otolaryngologic Diseases, Beijing, China
| | - Lihui Huang
- Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Beijing Institute of Otolaryngology, Beijing, China
- Key Laboratory of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ministry of Education, Beijing, China
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8
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Zhang H, Sun Q, Dong H, Jin Z, Li M, Jin S, Zeng X, Fan J, Kong Y. Long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase-4 regulates endometrial decidualization through a fatty acid β-oxidation pathway rather than lipid droplet accumulation. Mol Metab 2024; 84:101953. [PMID: 38710444 PMCID: PMC11099325 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2024.101953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/08/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Lipid metabolism plays an important role in early pregnancy, but its effects on decidualization are poorly understood. Fatty acids (FAs) must be esterified by fatty acyl-CoA synthetases to form biologically active acyl-CoA in order to enter the anabolic and/or catabolic pathway. Long-chain acyl-CoA synthetase 4 (ACSL4) is associated with female reproduction. However, whether it is involved in decidualization is unknown. METHODS The expression of ACSL4 in human and mouse endometrium was detected by immunohistochemistry. ACSL4 levels were regulated by the overexpression of ACSL4 plasmid or ACSL4 siRNA, and the effects of ACSL4 on decidualization markers and morphology of endometrial stromal cells (ESCs) were clarified. A pregnant mouse model was established to determine the effect of ACSL4 on the implantation efficiency of mouse embryos. Modulation of ACSL4 detects lipid anabolism and catabolism. RESULTS Through examining the expression level of ACSL4 in human endometrial tissues during proliferative and secretory phases, we found that ACSL4 was highly expressed during the secretory phase. Knockdown of ACSL4 suppressed decidualization and inhibited the mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition induced by MPA and db-cAMP in ESCs. Further, the knockdown of ACSL4 reduced the efficiency of embryo implantation in pregnant mice. Downregulation of ACSL4 inhibited FA β-oxidation and lipid droplet accumulation during decidualization. Interestingly, pharmacological and genetic inhibition of lipid droplet synthesis did not affect FA β-oxidation and decidualization, while the pharmacological and genetic inhibition of FA β-oxidation increased lipid droplet accumulation and inhibited decidualization. In addition, inhibition of β-oxidation was found to attenuate the promotion of decidualization by the upregulation of ACSL4. The decidualization damage caused by ACSL4 knockdown could be reversed by activating β-oxidation. CONCLUSIONS Our findings suggest that ACSL4 promotes endometrial decidualization by activating the β-oxidation pathway. This study provides interesting insights into our understanding of the mechanisms regulating lipid metabolism during decidualization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongshuo Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China; Advanced Institute for Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Qianyi Sun
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Haojie Dong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Zeen Jin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Mengyue Li
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Shanyuan Jin
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Xiaolan Zeng
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China
| | - Jianhui Fan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
| | - Ying Kong
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian, China.
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9
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He Q, Yao W, Luo J, Wu J, Zhang F, Li C, Gao L, Zhang Y. Knockdown of PROX1 promotes milk fatty acid synthesis by targeting PPARGC1A in dairy goat mammary gland. Int J Biol Macromol 2024; 266:131043. [PMID: 38518943 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2024.131043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2024] [Revised: 03/19/2024] [Accepted: 03/19/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
Goat milk is rich in various fatty acids that are beneficial to human health. Chromatin immunoprecipitation followed by sequencing (ChIP-seq) and RNA-seq analyses of goat mammary glands at different lactation stages revealed a novel lactation regulatory factor, Prospero homeobox 1 (PROX1). However, the mechanism whereby PROX1 regulates lipid metabolism in dairy goats remains unclear. We found that PROX1 exhibits the highest expression level during peak lactation period. PROX1 knockdown enhanced the expression of genes related to de novo fatty acid synthesis (e.g., SREBP1 and FASN) and triacylglycerol (TAG) synthesis (e.g., DGAT1 and GPAM) in goat mammary epithelial cells (GMECs). Consistently, intracellular TAG and lipid droplet contents were significantly increased in PROX1 knockdown cells and reduced in PROX1 overexpression cells, and we observed similar results in PROX1 knockout mice. Following PROX1 overexpression, RNA-seq showed a significant upregulation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 alpha (PPARGC1A) expression. Further, PPARGC1A knockdown attenuated the inhibitory effects of PROX1 on TAG contents and lipid-droplet formation in GMECs. Moreover, we found that PROX1 promoted PPARGC1A transcription via the PROX1 binding sites (PBSs) located in the PPARGC1A promoter. These results suggest a novel target for manipulating the goat milk-fat composition and improving the quality of goat milk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiuya He
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Weiwei Yao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Jun Luo
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China.
| | - Jiao Wu
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China; Yunnan Agricultural University, Faculty of Animal Science and Technology, Kunming 65201, China
| | - Fuhong Zhang
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Chun Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Liangjiahui Gao
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, China
| | - Yong Zhang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
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10
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Liu SJ, Cai C, Cai HY, Bai YQ, Wang DY, Zhang H, Peng JG, Xie LJ. Integrated analysis of transcriptome and small RNAome reveals regulatory network of rapid and long-term response to heat stress in Rhododendron moulmainense. PLANTA 2024; 259:104. [PMID: 38551672 PMCID: PMC10980653 DOI: 10.1007/s00425-024-04375-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024]
Abstract
MAIN CONCLUSION The post-transcriptional gene regulatory pathway and small RNA pathway play important roles in regulating the rapid and long-term response of Rhododendron moulmainense to high-temperature stress. The Rhododendron plays an important role in maintaining ecological balance. However, it is difficult to domesticate for use in urban ecosystems due to their strict optimum growth temperature condition, and its evolution and adaptation are little known. Here, we combined transcriptome and small RNAome to reveal the rapid response and long-term adaptability regulation strategies in Rhododendron moulmainense under high-temperature stress. The post-transcriptional gene regulatory pathway plays important roles in stress response, in which the protein folding pathway is rapidly induced at 4 h after heat stress, and alternative splicing plays an important role in regulating gene expression at 7 days after heat stress. The chloroplasts oxidative damage is the main factor inhibiting photosynthesis efficiency. Through WGCNA analysis, we identified gene association patterns and potential key regulatory genes responsible for maintaining the ROS steady-state under heat stress. Finally, we found that the sRNA synthesis pathway is induced under heat stress. Combined with small RNAome, we found that more miRNAs are significantly changed under long-term heat stress. Furthermore, MYBs might play a central role in target gene interaction network of differentially expressed miRNAs in R. moulmainense under heat stress. MYBs are closely related to ABA, consistently, ABA synthesis and signaling pathways are significantly inhibited, and the change in stomatal aperture is not obvious under heat stress. Taken together, we gained valuable insights into the transplantation and long-term conservation domestication of Rhododendron, and provide genetic resources for genetic modification and molecular breeding to improve heat resistance in Rhododendron.
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Affiliation(s)
- Si-Jia Liu
- College of Architectural Engineering, Shenzhen Polytechnic University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Chang Cai
- Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Information Systems of Mountainous Areas and Protection of Ecological Environment, Guizhou Normal University, Guiyang, 550001, China
| | - Hong-Yue Cai
- College of Architectural Engineering, Shenzhen Polytechnic University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Yu-Qing Bai
- Administrative Office of Wutong Mountain National Park, Shenzhen, 518004, China
| | - Ding-Yue Wang
- Administrative Office of Wutong Mountain National Park, Shenzhen, 518004, China
| | - Hua Zhang
- College of Architectural Engineering, Shenzhen Polytechnic University, Shenzhen, 518055, China
| | - Jin-Gen Peng
- College of Architectural Engineering, Shenzhen Polytechnic University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
| | - Li-Juan Xie
- College of Architectural Engineering, Shenzhen Polytechnic University, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
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11
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Wei M, Yi P, Huang B, Naz S, Ge C, Shu-Chien AC, Wang Z, Wu X. Insights into sequence characteristics and evolutionary history of DGATs in arthropods. COMPARATIVE BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY. PART D, GENOMICS & PROTEOMICS 2024; 49:101195. [PMID: 38266530 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbd.2024.101195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Triacylglycerol (TAG) is crucial in animal energy storage and membrane biogenesis. The conversion of diacylglycerol (DAG) to triacylglycerol (TAG) is catalyzed by diacylglycerol acyltransferase enzymes (DGATs), which are encoded by genes belonging to two distinct gene families. Although arthropods are known to possess DGATs activities and utilize the glycerol-3-phosphate pathway and MAG pathway for TAG biosynthesis, the sequence characterization and evolutionary history of DGATs in arthropods remains unclear. This study aimed to comparatively evaluate genomic analyses of DGATs in 13 arthropod species and 14 outgroup species. We found that arthropods lack SOAT2 genes within the DGAT1 family, while DGAT2, MOGAT3, AWAT1, and AWAT2 were absent from in DGAT2 family. Gene structure and phylogenetic analyses revealed that DGAT1 and DGAT2 genes come from different gene families. The expression patterns of these genes were further analyzed in crustaceans, demonstrating the importance of DGAT1 in TAG biosynthesis. Additionally, we identified the DGAT1 gene in Swimming crab (P. trituberculatus) undergoes a mutually exclusive alternative splicing event in the molt stages. Our newly determined DGAT inventory data provide a more complete scenario and insights into the evolutionary dynamics and functional diversification of DGATs in arthropods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maolei Wei
- Centre for Research on Fish Nutrition and Environmental Ecology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Peng Yi
- Centre for Research on Fish Nutrition and Environmental Ecology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Baoyou Huang
- Institute of Animal Sex and Development, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo 315100, China; College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Saira Naz
- Centre for Research on Fish Nutrition and Environmental Ecology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China
| | - Chutian Ge
- Institute of Animal Sex and Development, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo 315100, China; College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo 315100, China
| | - Alexander Chong Shu-Chien
- School of Biological Sciences, University Sains Malaysia, Minden, 11800 Penang, Malaysia; Center for Chemical Biology, University Sains Malaysia, 11900 Bayan Lepas, Penang, Malaysia
| | - Zongji Wang
- Institute of Animal Sex and Development, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo 315100, China; College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo 315100, China.
| | - Xugan Wu
- Centre for Research on Fish Nutrition and Environmental Ecology of the Ministry of Agriculture, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; National Demonstration Centre for Experimental Fisheries Science Education, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China.
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12
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Chen L, Han Y, Li J, Feng C, Chen C, Ye T. The inhibitory effects of Xiao-Gao-Jiang-Zhuo-containing serum on adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Biomed Pap Med Fac Univ Palacky Olomouc Czech Repub 2024; 168:25-34. [PMID: 37265261 DOI: 10.5507/bp.2023.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/03/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity and related metabolic diseases are becoming a worldwide epidemic, leading to increased mortality and heavy medical costs. Our Chinese herbal formula Xiao-Gao-Jiang-Zhuo (XGJZ) has remarkable effects on curing obese patients in the clinic, but the cellular and molecular basis remains unknown. This study aimed to reveal the molecular mechanism involved in adipogenesis in vitro. METHODS Chinese herbal formula XGJZ-containing serum was prepared from XGJZ-treated obesity model rats. The function of XGJZ-containing serum was validated in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes. Oil O staining was performed to determine intracellular lipid accumulation in differentiated 3T3-L1 cells. The expression of pro-adipogenic transcription factors was measured to further validate the adipogenesis of 3T3-L1 adipocytes. The contents of triglyceride (TG), free fatty acid (FFA), and glycerin, along with the activities of lipid metabolism-related enzymes (including FAT, FATP1, DGAT, GPAT, ATGL, and HSL) were measured to study the lipogenesis in 3T3-L1 adipocytes. RESULTS XGJZ-containing serum inhibited 3T3-L1 differentiation, decreased intracellular lipid accumulation, and suppressed the expression of pro-adipogenic transcription factors in differentiated 3T3-L1 cells. The contents of TG, FFA, and glycerin were decreased when treated with XGJZ-containing serum, which also modulated lipid metabolism-related enzyme activities. The activities of fatty acid transporters (FAT, FATP1) and lipid mobilization enzymes (ATGL, HSL) were promoted, while activities of triglyceride biosynthesis enzymes (DGAT, GPAT) were attenuated in differentiated 3T3-L1 cells. CONCLUSION XGJZ-containing serum has inhibitory effects on adipogenesis in 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, affirming the effect of XGJZ in treating obesity. It provides evidence for the mechanism of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liang Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Yu Han
- Hospital Administration Office, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Jing Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830000, China
| | - Chunpeng Feng
- Department of Endocrinology, Guang'anmen Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100053, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830000, China
| | - Ting Ye
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine Affiliated to Xinjiang Medical University, Urumqi 830000, China
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13
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Recknagel H, Leitão HG, Elmer KR. Genetic basis and expression of ventral colour in polymorphic common lizards. Mol Ecol 2024; 33:e17278. [PMID: 38268086 DOI: 10.1111/mec.17278] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
Colour is an important visual cue that can correlate with sex, behaviour, life history or ecological strategies, and has evolved divergently and convergently across animal lineages. Its genetic basis in non-model organisms is rarely known, but such information is vital for determining the drivers and mechanisms of colour evolution. Leveraging genetic admixture in a rare contact zone between oviparous and viviparous common lizards (Zootoca vivipara), we show that females (N = 558) of the two otherwise morphologically indistinguishable reproductive modes differ in their ventral colouration (from pale to vibrant yellow) and intensity of melanic patterning. We find no association between female colouration and reproductive investment, and no evidence for selection on colour. Using a combination of genetic mapping and transcriptomic evidence, we identified two candidate genes associated with ventral colour differentiation, DGAT2 and PMEL. These are genes known to be involved in carotenoid metabolism and melanin synthesis respectively. Ventral melanic spots were associated with two genomic regions, including a SNP close to protein tyrosine phosphatase (PTP) genes. Using genome re-sequencing data, our results show that fixed coding mutations in the candidate genes cannot account for differences in colouration. Taken together, our findings show that the evolution of ventral colouration and its associations across common lizard lineages is variable. A potential genetic mechanism explaining the flexibility of ventral colouration may be that colouration in common lizards, but also across squamates, is predominantly driven by regulatory genetic variation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hans Recknagel
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Henrique G Leitão
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Kathryn R Elmer
- School of Biodiversity, One Health and Veterinary Medicine, College of Medical, Veterinary & Life Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
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14
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Yang Y, Yang C, Zhuang Z, Mao J, Chen A, Zhou T, Bai H, Jiang Y, Chang G, Wang Z. RNA-Seq Analysis Revealed circRNAs and Genes Associated with Abdominal Fat Deposition in Ducks. Animals (Basel) 2024; 14:260. [PMID: 38254429 PMCID: PMC10812634 DOI: 10.3390/ani14020260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2023] [Revised: 12/24/2023] [Accepted: 01/04/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Fat deposition is an important factor affecting meat quality and feed conversion efficiency in meat ducks. This study aims to identify key circRNAs and genes affecting abdominal fat deposition. The correlations between abdominal fat and other growth performances were analyzed in 304 F2 generation of Cherry Valley duck Runzhou Crested White ducks, and an RNA-seq analysis of abdominal fat tissues from ducks with high and low rates of abdominal fat was performed. Growth performance results showed that Abdominal fat ratio and Intramuscular fat were significantly higher in the high rates of abdominal fat (HF)group than in the low rates of abdominal fat (LF) group for ducks. RNA-seq analysis of abdominal fat tissue unveiled 85 upregulated and 72 downregulated circRNAs among the differentially expressed ones. Notably, 74 circRNAs displayed more than four-fold differential expression, constituting 47.13% of the differentially expressed genes. Functional enrichment analysis of the differentially expressed circRNA source and target genes indicated that 17 circRNAs might partake in regulating duck abdominal fat production by influencing pathways like PPAR signaling, lipid droplets, and triglyceride metabolism. Lastly, multiple circRNA-microRNA-messenger RNA interaction networks were constructed. The results of this study establish the groundwork for understanding the molecular mechanisms that regulate abdominal fat deposition in ducks, offering a theoretical reference for the selective breeding of high-quality meat-producing ducks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfeng Yang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics & Molecular Breeding of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.Y.); (C.Y.); (Z.Z.); (J.M.); (A.C.); (T.Z.); (Y.J.); (G.C.)
| | - Chunyan Yang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics & Molecular Breeding of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.Y.); (C.Y.); (Z.Z.); (J.M.); (A.C.); (T.Z.); (Y.J.); (G.C.)
| | - Zhong Zhuang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics & Molecular Breeding of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.Y.); (C.Y.); (Z.Z.); (J.M.); (A.C.); (T.Z.); (Y.J.); (G.C.)
| | - Jiaming Mao
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics & Molecular Breeding of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.Y.); (C.Y.); (Z.Z.); (J.M.); (A.C.); (T.Z.); (Y.J.); (G.C.)
| | - Anqi Chen
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics & Molecular Breeding of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.Y.); (C.Y.); (Z.Z.); (J.M.); (A.C.); (T.Z.); (Y.J.); (G.C.)
| | - Tingting Zhou
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics & Molecular Breeding of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.Y.); (C.Y.); (Z.Z.); (J.M.); (A.C.); (T.Z.); (Y.J.); (G.C.)
| | - Hao Bai
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China;
| | - Yong Jiang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics & Molecular Breeding of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.Y.); (C.Y.); (Z.Z.); (J.M.); (A.C.); (T.Z.); (Y.J.); (G.C.)
| | - Guobin Chang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics & Molecular Breeding of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.Y.); (C.Y.); (Z.Z.); (J.M.); (A.C.); (T.Z.); (Y.J.); (G.C.)
- Joint International Research Laboratory of Agriculture and Agri-Product Safety, The Ministry of Education of China, Institutes of Agricultural Science and Technology Development, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China;
| | - Zhixiu Wang
- Key Laboratory for Animal Genetics & Molecular Breeding of Jiangsu Province, College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China; (Y.Y.); (C.Y.); (Z.Z.); (J.M.); (A.C.); (T.Z.); (Y.J.); (G.C.)
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15
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Zou Y, Zhang Y, Wu D, Lu Z, Xiao J, Huang H, Fu Q, Guo Z. Multi-omics analysis revealed the differences in lipid metabolism of the gut between adult and juvenile yellowfin tuna ( Thunnus albacares). Front Microbiol 2024; 14:1326247. [PMID: 38274759 PMCID: PMC10808786 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2023.1326247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Tuna has a cost-effective energy supply to support the regional endothermic and high-speed swimming performance. The gut symbiotic microbiotas and their metabolites play essential roles in tuna's diet digestion, absorption, and energy acquirement, which are often highly related to the ontogenetic development of tuna. Methods We compared gut microbial compositions and metabolites, as well as mRNA expression of the intestine between juvenile and adult yellowfin tuna using 16S rRNA sequencing, metabolomic and transcriptomic, respectively. Results and discussion The results revealed that adults had a significantly higher microbial diversity and abundance of Acinetobacter than juveniles. Regarding the gut microbiota-derived metabolites, fatty acids, especially glycerophospholipid and sphingolipid, were significantly enriched in adults than in juveniles. Moreover, the short-chain fatty acid (butyrate and isobutyrate) contents were significantly higher in adults than in juveniles. To find the relationship between gut microbiotas and host physiology, intestinal transcriptome analysis demonstrated that the enriched pathways of differential expression genes (DEGs) in adult tuna were the lipid metabolism pathway, including "fat digestion and absorption," "cholesterol metabolism," "steroid hormone biosynthesis," "glycerolipid metabolism," and "glycerophospholipid metabolism." However, protein digestion and absorption and pancreatic secretion pathways were significantly enriched in the juveniles. The conjoint analysis indicated that the enriched pathways of both differential metabolites (DMs) and DEGs were remarkably related to the regulation of glycerophospholipids metabolism in adult tunas. This study highlights the role of gut microbiotas in fish nutrition metabolism. These findings provide new insights into the view of ontogenetic shifts of gut microbiotas and their metabolites on host health and gut function in endothermic and high-speed swimming marine fish species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Zou
- School of Life and Health Sciences, School of Marine Science and Engineering, School of Food Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Yanjie Zhang
- School of Life and Health Sciences, School of Marine Science and Engineering, School of Food Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Di Wu
- School of Life and Health Sciences, School of Marine Science and Engineering, School of Food Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Zhiyuan Lu
- School of Life and Health Sciences, School of Marine Science and Engineering, School of Food Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Juan Xiao
- School of Life and Health Sciences, School of Marine Science and Engineering, School of Food Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, China
| | - Hai Huang
- Key Laboratory of Utilization and Conservation for Tropical Marine Bioresources, Hainan Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Tropical Marine Fishery Resources, College of Fisheries and Life Science, Hainan Tropical Ocean University, Sanya, China
| | - Qiongyao Fu
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Translational Medicine of Ministry of Education, NHC Key Laboratory of Control of Tropical Diseases, School of Tropical Medicine, Hainan Medical University, Haikou, Hainan, China
| | - Zhiqiang Guo
- School of Life and Health Sciences, School of Marine Science and Engineering, School of Food Science and Engineering, State Key Laboratory of Marine Resource Utilization in South China Sea, Hainan University, Haikou, China
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16
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Mondal S, Ghosh S. Liposome-Mediated Anti-Viral Drug Delivery Across Blood-Brain Barrier: Can Lipid Droplet Target Be Game Changers? Cell Mol Neurobiol 2023; 44:9. [PMID: 38123863 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-023-01443-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 12/02/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are subcellular organelles secreted from the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) that play a major role in lipid homeostasis. Recent research elucidates additional roles of LDs in cellular bioenergetics and innate immunity. LDs activate signaling cascades for interferon response and secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines. Since balanced lipid homeostasis is critical for neuronal health, LDs play a crucial role in neurodegenerative diseases. RNA viruses enhance the secretion of LDs to support various phases of their life cycle in neurons which further leads to neurodegeneration. Targeting the excess LD formation in the brain could give us a new arsenal of antiviral therapeutics against neuroviruses. Liposomes are a suitable drug delivery system that could be used for drug delivery in the brain by crossing the Blood-Brain Barrier. Utilizing this, various pharmacological inhibitors and non-coding RNAs can be delivered that could inhibit the biogenesis of LDs or reduce their sizes, reversing the excess lipid-related imbalance in neurons. Liposome-Mediated Antiviral Drug Delivery Across Blood-Brain Barrier. Developing effective antiviral drug is challenging and it doubles against neuroviruses that needs delivery across the Blood-Brain Barrier (BBB). Lipid Droplets (LDs) are interesting targets for developing antivirals, hence targeting LD formation by drugs delivered using Liposomes can be game changers.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sourav Mondal
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700032, India
| | - Sourish Ghosh
- CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, 4 Raja S.C. Mullick Road, Jadavpur, Kolkata, West Bengal, 700032, India.
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17
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Bordag N, Nagy BM, Zügner E, Ludwig H, Foris V, Nagaraj C, Biasin V, Bodenhofer U, Magnes C, Maron BA, Ulrich S, Lange TJ, Hötzenecker K, Pieber T, Olschewski H, Olschewski A. Lipidomics for diagnosis and prognosis of pulmonary hypertension. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.05.17.23289772. [PMID: 37292870 PMCID: PMC10246148 DOI: 10.1101/2023.05.17.23289772] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Background Pulmonary hypertension (PH) poses a significant health threat with high morbidity and mortality, necessitating improved diagnostic tools for enhanced management. Current biomarkers for PH lack functionality and comprehensive diagnostic and prognostic capabilities. Therefore, there is a critical need to develop biomarkers that address these gaps in PH diagnostics and prognosis. Methods To address this need, we employed a comprehensive metabolomics analysis in 233 blood based samples coupled with machine learning analysis. For functional insights, human pulmonary arteries (PA) of idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) lungs were investigated and the effect of extrinsic FFAs on human PA endothelial and smooth muscle cells was tested in vitro. Results PA of idiopathic PAH lungs showed lipid accumulation and altered expression of lipid homeostasis-related genes. In PA smooth muscle cells, extrinsic FFAs caused excessive proliferation and endothelial barrier dysfunction in PA endothelial cells, both hallmarks of PAH.In the training cohort of 74 PH patients, 30 disease controls without PH, and 65 healthy controls, diagnostic and prognostic markers were identified and subsequently validated in an independent cohort. Exploratory analysis showed a highly impacted metabolome in PH patients and machine learning confirmed a high diagnostic potential. Fully explainable specific free fatty acid (FFA)/lipid-ratios were derived, providing exceptional diagnostic accuracy with an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.89 in the training and 0.90 in the validation cohort, outperforming machine learning results. These ratios were also prognostic and complemented established clinical prognostic PAH scores (FPHR4p and COMPERA2.0), significantly increasing their hazard ratios (HR) from 2.5 and 3.4 to 4.2 and 6.1, respectively. Conclusion In conclusion, our research confirms the significance of lipidomic alterations in PH, introducing innovative diagnostic and prognostic biomarkers. These findings may have the potential to reshape PH management strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Natalie Bordag
- Department of Dermatology and Venereology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
- CBmed GmbH, Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine, Graz, Austria
- BioMedTech, Graz, Austria
| | - Bence Miklos Nagy
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
| | - Elmar Zügner
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Technologies (HEALTH), Joanneum Research Forschungsgesellschaft m.b.H, Graz, Austria
| | - Helga Ludwig
- School of Informatics, Communications, and Media, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Hagenberg, Austria
| | - Vasile Foris
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Chandran Nagaraj
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
- BioMedTech, Graz, Austria
| | - Valentina Biasin
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
- Division of Physiology, Otto Loewi Research Centre, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Ulrich Bodenhofer
- School of Informatics, Communications, and Media, University of Applied Sciences Upper Austria, Hagenberg, Austria
| | - Christoph Magnes
- Institute for Biomedical Research and Technologies (HEALTH), Joanneum Research Forschungsgesellschaft m.b.H, Graz, Austria
| | - Bradley A. Maron
- University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD and The University of Maryland-Institute for Health Computing, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Silvia Ulrich
- Clinic of Pulmonology, University and University Hospital of Zurich, Zürich, Switzerland
| | - Tobias J. Lange
- Department of Internal Medicine II, Pulmonology and Critical Care, Kreisklinik Bad Reichenhall, Bad Reichenhall, Germany
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Regensburg, Regensburg, Germany
| | - Konrad Hötzenecker
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Thomas Pieber
- CBmed GmbH, Center for Biomarker Research in Medicine, Graz, Austria
- Division of Endocrinology and Diabetology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz Austria
- BioMedTech, Graz, Austria
| | - Horst Olschewski
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioMedTech, Graz, Austria
| | - Andrea Olschewski
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
- Experimental Anaesthesiology, Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- BioMedTech, Graz, Austria
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Dong H, Zhang J, Li Y, Ahmad HI, Li T, Liang Q, Li Y, Yang M, Han J. Liver Transcriptome Profiling Identifies Key Genes Related to Lipid Metabolism in Yili Geese. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3473. [PMID: 38003091 PMCID: PMC10668734 DOI: 10.3390/ani13223473] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 11/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/08/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The Yili goose is the only indigenous goose breed that originates from Anser anser in China, known for its adaptability, strong flying ability, and tender meat with a low body lipid content. The liver plays a crucial role in lipid and glucose metabolism, including the intake, secretion, transportation, and storage of fatty acids (FAs). In this study, RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) technology was performed to analyze the liver differentially expressed genes of Yili geese and their hybrid geese to investigate differences in liver lipid and glucose metabolism. A total of 452 differentially expressed genes (Q-value < 0.05) were identified. Notably, in KEGG enrichment analysis, four pathways (Q-value < 0.05) were enriched to be associated with lipid and glucose metabolism, including the metabolic pathway, PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, and steroid biosynthesis. This study provides insights into potential candidate genes and metabolic pathways that affect the liver lipid metabolism of Yili goose. These findings provide a better understanding of animal liver lipid deposition and metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huajiao Dong
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832061, China; (H.D.); (J.Z.); (Y.L.); (T.L.); (Q.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Jie Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832061, China; (H.D.); (J.Z.); (Y.L.); (T.L.); (Q.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yingying Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832061, China; (H.D.); (J.Z.); (Y.L.); (T.L.); (Q.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Hafiz Ishfaq Ahmad
- Department of Animal Breeding and Genetics, Faculty of Veterinary and Animal Sciences, The Islamia University of Bahawalpur, Bahawalpur 63100, Pakistan;
| | - Tiantian Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832061, China; (H.D.); (J.Z.); (Y.L.); (T.L.); (Q.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Qianqian Liang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832061, China; (H.D.); (J.Z.); (Y.L.); (T.L.); (Q.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Yan Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832061, China; (H.D.); (J.Z.); (Y.L.); (T.L.); (Q.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Min Yang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832061, China; (H.D.); (J.Z.); (Y.L.); (T.L.); (Q.L.); (Y.L.)
| | - Jilong Han
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Shihezi University, Shihezi 832061, China; (H.D.); (J.Z.); (Y.L.); (T.L.); (Q.L.); (Y.L.)
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19
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Wang K, Xin Z, Chen Z, Li H, Wang D, Yuan Y. Progress of Conjugated Linoleic Acid on Milk Fat Metabolism in Ruminants and Humans. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:3429. [PMID: 37958184 PMCID: PMC10647460 DOI: 10.3390/ani13213429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Revised: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 10/30/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
As a valuable nutrient in milk, fat accounts for a significant proportion of the energy requirements of ruminants and is largely responsible for determining milk quality. Fatty acids (FAs) are a pivotal component of milk fat. Conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) is one of the naturally occurring FAs prevalent in ruminant dairy products and meat. Increasing attention has been given to CLA because of its anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, immune regulation, and lipid metabolism regulation properties, and these benefits potentially contribute to the growth and health of infants. In breast milk, CLA is present in trace amounts, mainly in the form of cis-9, trans-11 CLA. Notably, cis-9, trans-11 CLA improves the milk fat rate while trans-10, cis-12 CLA inhibits it. Apart from having multiple physiological functions, CLA is also a pivotal factor in determining the milk quality of ruminants, especially milk fat rate. In response to growing interest in green and healthy functional foods, more and more researchers are exploring the potential of CLA to improve the production performance of animals and the nutritional value of livestock products. Taken together, it is novel and worthwhile to investigate how CLA regulates milk fat synthesis. It is the purpose of this review to clarify the necessity for studying CLA in ruminant milk fat and breast milk fat.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310058, China; (K.W.); (Z.X.)
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China;
| | - Zimeng Xin
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310058, China; (K.W.); (Z.X.)
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China;
| | - Zhi Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China;
| | - Huanan Li
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China;
| | - Diming Wang
- Key Laboratory of Molecular Animal Nutrition, Zhejiang University, Ministry of Education, Hangzhou 310058, China; (K.W.); (Z.X.)
| | - Yuan Yuan
- School of Nursing, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
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20
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Souza LL, Rossetti CL, Peixoto TC, Manhães AC, de Moura EG, Lisboa PC. Neonatal nicotine exposure affects adult rat hepatic pathways involved in endoplasmic reticulum stress and macroautophagy in a sex-dependent manner. J Dev Orig Health Dis 2023; 14:639-647. [PMID: 38037831 DOI: 10.1017/s2040174423000326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/02/2023]
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) involves changes in hepatic pathways, as lipogenesis, oxidative stress, endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and macroautophagy. Maternal nicotine exposure exclusively during lactation leads to fatty liver (steatosis) only in the adult male offspring, not in females. Therefore, our hypothesis is that neonatal exposure to nicotine sex-dependently affects the signaling pathways involved in hepatic homeostasis of the offspring, explaining the hepatic lipid accumulation phenotype only in males. For this, between postnatal days 2 and 16, Wistar rat dams were implanted with osmotic minipumps, which released nicotine (NIC; 6 mg/Kg/day) or vehicle. The livers of offspring were evaluated at postnatal day 180. Only the male offspring that had been exposed to nicotine neonatally showed increased protein expression of markers of unfolded protein response (UPR), highlighting the presence of ER stress, as well as disruption of the activation of the macroautophagy repair pathway. These animals also had increased expression of diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 1 and 4-hydroxynonenal, suggesting increased triglyceride esterification and oxidative stress. These parameters were not altered in the female offspring that had been neonatally exposed to nicotine, however they exhibited increased phospho adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase pAMPK expression, possibly as a protective mechanism. Thus, the disturbance in the hepatic homeostasis by UPR, macroautophagy, and oxidative stress modifications seem to be the molecular mechanisms underlying the liver steatosis in the adult male offspring of the nicotine-programming model. This highlights the importance of maternal smoking cessation during breastfeeding to decrease the risk of NAFLD development, especially in males.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luana Lopes Souza
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Camila Lüdke Rossetti
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Thamara Cherem Peixoto
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alex Christian Manhães
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Egberto Gaspar de Moura
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Cristina Lisboa
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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21
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Koch M, Tebben J, Saborowski R. Diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) in Crangon crangon and Pandalus montagui (Decapoda, Caridea) - Implications for lipid storage capacities and life history traits. Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2023; 268:110878. [PMID: 37481107 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2023.110878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2023] [Revised: 07/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/13/2023] [Indexed: 07/24/2023]
Abstract
Lipids play essential roles in cell-structuring, cell-signaling, and as efficient metabolic energy stores. Lipid storage capacities determine life history traits of organisms and, thus, their ecological function. Among storage lipids, triacylglycerols (TAGs) are widespread in marine invertebrates. However, abilities to accumulate TAGs can vary even between closely related species, such as the caridean shrimps Crangon crangon and Pandalus montagui. The first species shows low TAG levels throughout the year in the main storage organ, the midgut gland, while the latter accumulates high TAG-levels, peaking in summer. TAGs synthesis is facilitated by the terminal step of the Kennedy-pathway, where the enzyme diacylglycerol-acyltransferase (DGAT) catalyzes the esterification of diacylglycerols with activated fatty acids. We investigated DGAT activity in the midgut gland using a fluorescent enzyme assay. Sequence information was extracted from whole transcriptome shotgun assembly data, that is publicly available on NCBI, and catalytic properties were deduced from molecular structure analysis. C. crangon showed significantly lower TAG synthesis rates than P. montagui, which explains the native TAG levels. Transcriptome data yielded several isoforms of DGAT enzymes in both species. C. crangon DGAT showed point mutations, which are capable of obstructing the catalytic capacity. The consequences are limited starvation resistance and, thus, presumably restricting C. crangon to a habitat with year-round sufficient food. In contrast, higher TAG synthesis rates presumably enable P. montagui to extend into northern subarctic habitats with limited food availability in winter. Moreover, the limited TAG synthesis and accumulation in the midgut gland may force C. crangon to direct energy into the ovaries, which results in multiple spawnings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Koch
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany; University of Bremen, Faculty 2 Biology/Chemistry, Leobener Str., 28359 Bremen, Germany.
| | - Jan Tebben
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany.
| | - Reinhard Saborowski
- Alfred Wegener Institute, Helmholtz Centre for Polar and Marine Research, Am Handelshafen 12, 27570 Bremerhaven, Germany.
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Ran H, Sun W, Wang L, Wang X, Yu H, Chen J, Liu F, Chao Z, Pu Q, Liu Y, Zeng Y, Li Z, Wan Y, Yuan J. Proteomics coupled transcriptomics reveals lipopolysaccharide inhibiting peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors signalling pathway to reduce lipid droplets accumulation in mouse liver. Proteomics 2023; 23:e2300043. [PMID: 37269196 DOI: 10.1002/pmic.202300043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are multifunctional organelles consisting of a central compartment of non-polar lipids shielded from the cytoplasm by a phospholipid monolayer. The excessive accumulation of LDs in cells is closely related to the development and progression of many diseases in humans and animals, such as liver-related and cardiovascular diseases. Thus, regulating the LDs size and abundance is necessary to maintain metabolic homeostasis. This study found that lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulation reduced the LDs content in the mouse liver. We tried to explain the possible molecular mechanisms at the broad protein and mRNA levels, finding that inhibition of the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) signalling pathway by LPS may be a critical factor in reducing LDs content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haiying Ran
- Biomedical Analysis Center, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Wei Sun
- Biomedical Analysis Center, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Liting Wang
- Biomedical Analysis Center, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaoyang Wang
- Biomedical Analysis Center, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Haili Yu
- Biomedical Analysis Center, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiajia Chen
- Biomedical Analysis Center, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Fang Liu
- Biomedical Analysis Center, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhiyin Chao
- Biomedical Analysis Center, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Qi Pu
- Biomedical Analysis Center, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Yang Liu
- Biomedical Analysis Center, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Youlong Zeng
- Biomedical Analysis Center, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Zhangfu Li
- Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Guangdong Province, China
| | - Ying Wan
- Biomedical Analysis Center, Army Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jiangbei Yuan
- Hepato-Pancreato-Biliary Surgery, Peking University Shenzhen Hospital, Shenzhen Peking University-The Hong Kong University of Science and Technology Medical Center, Guangdong Province, China
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23
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Zhang H, Wang Z, Sun C, Zhang C, Liu H, Cui Q, Song X, Wang S. A phospholipid:diacylglycerol acyltransferase is involved in the regulation of phospholipids homeostasis in oleaginous Aurantiochytrium sp. BIOTECHNOLOGY FOR BIOFUELS AND BIOPRODUCTS 2023; 16:142. [PMID: 37752571 PMCID: PMC10523756 DOI: 10.1186/s13068-023-02396-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Thraustochytrids have gained attention as a potential source for the production of docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), where DHA is predominantly stored in the form of triacylglycerol (TAG). The TAG biosynthesis pathways, including the acyl-CoA-dependent Kennedy pathway and the acyl-CoA-independent pathway, have been predicted in thraustochytrids, while the specific details regarding their roles are currently uncertain. RESULTS Phospholipid:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (PDAT) plays a key role in the acyl-CoA-independent pathway by transferring acyl-group from phospholipids (PL) to diacylglycerol (DAG) to from TAG. In thraustochytrid Aurantiochytrium sp. SD116, an active AuPDAT was confirmed by heterologous expression in a TAG-deficient yeast strain H1246. Analysis of AuPDAT function in vivo revealed that deletion of AuPDAT led to slow growth and a significant decrease in cell number, but improved PL content in the single cell during the cell growth and lipid accumulation phases. Interestingly, deletion of AuPDAT did not affect total lipid and TAG content, but both were significantly increased within a single cell. Moreover, overexpression of AuPDAT also resulted in a decrease in cell number, while the total lipid and cell diameter of a single cell were markedly increased. Altogether, both up-regulation and down-regulation of AuPDAT expression affected the cell number, which further associated with the total lipid and TAG content in a single cell. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrates that AuPDAT-mediated pathway play a minor role in TAG synthesis, and that the function of AuPDAT may be involved in regulating PL homeostasis by converting PL to TAG in a controlled manner. These findings expand our understanding of lipid biosynthesis in Aurantiochytrium sp. and open new avenues for developing "customized cell factory" for lipid production.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huidan Zhang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.189 Songling Road, Laoshan District, Qingdao, 266101, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Single Cell Oil, Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, 266101, Shandong, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao Engineering Laboratory of Single Cell Oil, Qingdao, 266101, Shandong, China
| | - Zhuojun Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.189 Songling Road, Laoshan District, Qingdao, 266101, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Single Cell Oil, Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, 266101, Shandong, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao Engineering Laboratory of Single Cell Oil, Qingdao, 266101, Shandong, China
| | - Caili Sun
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.189 Songling Road, Laoshan District, Qingdao, 266101, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Single Cell Oil, Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, 266101, Shandong, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao Engineering Laboratory of Single Cell Oil, Qingdao, 266101, Shandong, China
| | - Chuchu Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Marine Drugs, Ministry of Education, School of Medicine and Pharmacy, Ocean University of China, Qingdao, 266003, China
| | - Huan Liu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.189 Songling Road, Laoshan District, Qingdao, 266101, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Single Cell Oil, Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, 266101, Shandong, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao Engineering Laboratory of Single Cell Oil, Qingdao, 266101, Shandong, China
| | - Qiu Cui
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.189 Songling Road, Laoshan District, Qingdao, 266101, Shandong, China
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Single Cell Oil, Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, 266101, Shandong, China
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao Engineering Laboratory of Single Cell Oil, Qingdao, 266101, Shandong, China
| | - Xiaojin Song
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.189 Songling Road, Laoshan District, Qingdao, 266101, Shandong, China.
- Academy of Plateau Science and Sustainability, Qinghai Normal University, Xining, 810016, Qinghai, China.
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Single Cell Oil, Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, 266101, Shandong, China.
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao Engineering Laboratory of Single Cell Oil, Qingdao, 266101, Shandong, China.
| | - Sen Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Biofuels, Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, No.189 Songling Road, Laoshan District, Qingdao, 266101, Shandong, China.
- Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Energy Genetics, Shandong Engineering Laboratory of Single Cell Oil, Shandong Energy Institute, Qingdao, 266101, Shandong, China.
- Qingdao New Energy Shandong Laboratory, Qingdao Engineering Laboratory of Single Cell Oil, Qingdao, 266101, Shandong, China.
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An J, Kwon H, Kim YJ. The Role of Blood Microbiome in the Development of Thyroid Cancer in Breast Cancer Survivors. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:4492. [PMID: 37760462 PMCID: PMC10526815 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15184492] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2023] [Revised: 09/03/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Patients diagnosed with breast cancer are likely to be diagnosed with thyroid cancer as a second primary cancer. Similarly, patients with thyroid cancer are likely to develop breast cancer. In this study, we found an association between these two types of cancers in the microbiomes of patients with breast cancer. Blood samples were collected from 96 patients with breast cancer, their bacterial extracellular vesicles were isolated, and their microbiomes were analyzed. After microbiome analysis, researchers performed thyroid function tests, estrogen levels, and thyroid ultrasound results of these patients, and the relationships among these parameters were analyzed. Based on the thyroid ultrasonography results, differences in the microbiome were confirmed in the normal, cyst, nodule, and thyroid lobectomy groups. We investigated the microbiome differences between normal thyroid and thyroid cancer. In particular, the abundance of the genus Bacillus is related to estrogen levels, which could affect thyroid abnormalities and increase thyroid-stimulating hormone levels. This study explains the causes of thyroid cancer in patients with breast cancer using microbiomes and serological tests for thyroid hormones and estrogen. These can be used as basic data for preventing thyroid cancer in patients with breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeongshin An
- Institute of Convergence Medicine Research, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07985, Republic of Korea
- Department of Surgery, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07985, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyungju Kwon
- Department of Surgery, Ewha Womans University Mokdong Hospital, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07985, Republic of Korea
| | - Young Ju Kim
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Ewha Medical Institute, College of Medicine, Ewha Womans University, Seoul 07804, Republic of Korea
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25
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Li J, Chen H, Chang L, Wu C, Zhang H, Chen YQ, Chen W. Functions and substrate selectivity of diacylglycerol acyltransferases from Mortierella alpina. Appl Microbiol Biotechnol 2023; 107:5761-5774. [PMID: 37498333 DOI: 10.1007/s00253-023-12694-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2022] [Revised: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/28/2023]
Abstract
Mortierella alpina produces various polyunsaturated fatty acids in the form of triacylglycerols (TAG). Diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) catalyzes the binding of acyl-CoA to diacylglycerol to form TAG and is the key enzyme involved in TAG synthesis. A variety of DGATs are present in M. alpina; however, comparative analysis of the functional properties and substrate selectivity of these DGATs is insufficient. In this study, DGAT1 (MaDGAT1A/1B/1C) and DGAT2 (MaDGAT2A/2B) isoforms from M. alpina were analyzed and heterologously expressed in S. cerevisiae H1246. The results showed that MaDGAT1A/1B/2A/2B were able to restore TAG synthesis, and the corresponding TAG content in recombinant yeasts was 2.92 ± 0.42%, 3.62 ± 0.22%, 0.86 ± 0.34%, and 0.18 ± 0.09%, respectively. In S. cerevisiae H1246, MaDGAT1A preferred C16:1 among monounsaturated fatty acids, MaDGAT1B preferred C16:0 among saturated fatty acids (SFAs), and MaDGAT2A/2B preferred C18:0 among SFAs. Under exogenous addition of polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFAs), MaDGAT1A and 2A preferentially assembled linoleic acid into TAG, and MaDGAT2B had substrate selectivity for eicosapentaenoic and linoleic acids in ω-6 PUFAs. In vitro, MaDGAT1A showed no obvious acyl-CoA selectivity and MaDGAT1B preferred C20:5-CoA. MaDGAT1A/1B preferred C18:1/C18:1-DAG compared with C20:4/C20:4-DAG. This study indicates that MaDGATs have the potential to be used in the production of LA/EPA-rich TAG and provide a reference for improving the production of TAGs in oleaginous fungi. KEY POINTS: • MaDGAT1A preferred C16:1 among MUFAs, MaDGAT1B and MaDGAT2A/2B preferred C16:0 and C18:0 among SFAs, respectively • MaDGAT1A/2A preferentially assembled linoleic acid into TAG, and MaDGAT2B has substrate selectivity for eicosapentaenoic acid and linoleic acid in ω-6 PUFAs • MaDGAT1A showed no obvious acyl-CoA selectivity, and MaDGAT1B preferred C20:5-CoA. MaDGAT1A/1B preferred to select C18:1/C18:1-DAG compared with C20:4/C20:4-DAG.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, People's Republic of China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Haiqin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, People's Republic of China.
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, People's Republic of China.
| | - Lulu Chang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, People's Republic of China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Chen Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, People's Republic of China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, People's Republic of China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, People's Republic of China
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, People's Republic of China
| | - Yong Q Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, People's Republic of China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, People's Republic of China
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, People's Republic of China
- Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, People's Republic of China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, People's Republic of China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, 214122, People's Republic of China
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Guo P, Yao X, Jin X, Xv Y, Zhang J, Li Q, Yan C, Li X, Kim N. Interference with DGAT Gene Inhibited TAG Accumulation and Lipid Droplet Synthesis in Bovine Preadipocytes. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2223. [PMID: 37444021 DOI: 10.3390/ani13132223] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/05/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Triacylglycerol (TGA) is the primary component of intramuscular fat. Expression of diacylglyceryl transferase (DGAT) determines the polyester differentiation ability of precursor adipocytes. The two DGAT isoforms (DGAT1 and DGAT2) play different roles in TAG metabolism. This study investigates the roles of DGAT1 and DGAT2 in signaling pathways related to differentiation and lipid metabolism in Yanbian bovine preadipocytes. sh-DGAT1 (sh-1), sh-DGAT2 (sh-2), and sh-DGAT1 + sh-DGAT2 (sh-1 + 2) were prepared using short interfering RNA (siRNA) interference technique targeting DGAT1 and DGAT2 genes and infected bovine preadipocytes. Molecular and transcriptomic techniques, including differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis, were used to investigate the effects on the differentiation of Yanbian bovine preadipocytes. After interference with DGAT1 and DGAT2 genes, the contents of TAG and adiponectin were decreased. The TAG content in the sh-2 and sh-1 + 2 groups was significantly lower than that in the sh-NC group. RNA sequencing (RNA-seq) results showed 2070, 2242, and 2446 DEGs in the sh-1, sh-2, and sh-1 + 2 groups, respectively. The DEGs of the sh-2 group were mainly concentrated in the PPAR, AMPK, and Wnt signaling pathways associated with adipocyte proliferation and differentiation. These results demonstrated that at the mRNA level, DGAT2 plays a more important role in lipid metabolism than DGAT1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panpan Guo
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute, Jiangmen 529020, China
- Engineering Research Centre of North-East Cold Region Beef Cattle Science & Technology Innovation, Ministry of Education, Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Xuerui Yao
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
- International Healthcare Innovation Institute, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Xin Jin
- Engineering Research Centre of North-East Cold Region Beef Cattle Science & Technology Innovation, Ministry of Education, Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
- Laboratory Animal Center, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Yongnan Xv
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
| | - Junfang Zhang
- Engineering Research Centre of North-East Cold Region Beef Cattle Science & Technology Innovation, Ministry of Education, Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Qiang Li
- Engineering Research Centre of North-East Cold Region Beef Cattle Science & Technology Innovation, Ministry of Education, Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Changguo Yan
- Yanbian Hongchao Wisdom Animal Husbandry Co., Ltd., Yanji 133002, China
| | - Xiangzi Li
- Engineering Research Centre of North-East Cold Region Beef Cattle Science & Technology Innovation, Ministry of Education, Department of Animal Science, College of Agriculture, Yanbian University, Yanji 133002, China
| | - Namhyung Kim
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Large Animal Models for Biomedicine, School of Biotechnology and Health Sciences, Wuyi University, Jiangmen 529020, China
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Csader S, Ismaiah MJ, Kuningas T, Heinäniemi M, Suhonen J, Männistö V, Pentikäinen H, Savonen K, Tauriainen MM, Galano JM, Lee JCY, Rintamäki R, Karisola P, El-Nezami H, Schwab U. Twelve Weeks of High-Intensity Interval Training Alters Adipose Tissue Gene Expression but Not Oxylipin Levels in People with Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24108509. [PMID: 37239856 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24108509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2023] [Revised: 05/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Lifestyle modifications, including increased physical activity and exercise, are recommended for non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Inflamed adipose tissue (AT) contributes to the progression and development of NAFLD and oxylipins such as hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids (HETE), hydroxydocosahexanenoic acids (HDHA), prostaglandins (PEG2), and isoprostanoids (IsoP), which all may play a role in AT homeostasis and inflammation. To investigate the role of exercise without weight loss on AT and plasma oxylipin concentrations in NAFLD subjects, we conducted a 12-week randomized controlled exercise intervention. Plasma samples from 39 subjects and abdominal subcutaneous AT biopsy samples from 19 subjects were collected both at the beginning and the end of the exercise intervention. In the AT of women, a significant reduction of gene expression of hemoglobin subunits (HBB, HBA1, HBA2) was observed within the intervention group during the 12-week intervention. Their expression levels were negatively associated with VO2max and maxW. In addition, pathways involved in adipocyte morphology alterations significantly increased, whereas pathways in fat metabolism, branched-chain amino acids degradation, and oxidative phosphorylation were suppressed in the intervention group (p < 0.05). Compared to the control group, in the intervention group, the ribosome pathway was activated, but lysosome, oxidative phosphorylation, and pathways of AT modification were suppressed (p < 0.05). Most of the oxylipins (HETE, HDHA, PEG2, and IsoP) in plasma did not change during the intervention compared to the control group. 15-F2t-IsoP significantly increased in the intervention group compared to the control group (p = 0.014). However, this oxylipin could not be detected in all samples. Exercise intervention without weight loss may influence the AT morphology and fat metabolism at the gene expression level in female NAFLD subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Csader
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70200 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Marsena Jasiel Ismaiah
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Tiina Kuningas
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Merja Heinäniemi
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Janne Suhonen
- Institute of Biomedicine, School of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Ville Männistö
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, FI-70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Heikki Pentikäinen
- Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, FI-70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Kai Savonen
- Kuopio Research Institute of Exercise Medicine, FI-70210 Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Kuopio University Hospital, FI-70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Milla-Maria Tauriainen
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70200 Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, FI-70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jean-Marie Galano
- Institut des Biomolécules Max Mousseron (IBMM), UMR 5247, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, ENSCM, F-34093 Montpellier, France
| | - Jetty Chung-Yung Lee
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Reeta Rintamäki
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio University Hospital, FI-70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Piia Karisola
- Faculty of Medicine, Human Microbiome Research Program, University of Helsinki, FI-00100 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Hani El-Nezami
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70200 Kuopio, Finland
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong 999077, China
| | - Ursula Schwab
- Department of Public Health and Clinical Nutrition, University of Eastern Finland, FI-70200 Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology and Clinical Nutrition, Kuopio University Hospital, FI-70210 Kuopio, Finland
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28
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Sharma R, Dowling MS, Futatsugi K, Kalgutkar AS. Mitigating a Bioactivation Liability with an Azetidine-Based Inhibitor of Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase 2 (DGAT2) En Route to the Discovery of the Clinical Candidate Ervogastat. Chem Res Toxicol 2023. [PMID: 37148271 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.3c00054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
We recently disclosed SAR studies on systemically acting, amide-based inhibitors of diacylglycerol acyltransferase 2 (DGAT2) that addressed metabolic liabilities with the liver-targeted DGAT2 inhibitor PF-06427878. Despite strategic placement of a nitrogen atom in the dialkoxyaromatic ring in PF-06427878 to evade oxidative O-dearylation, metabolic intrinsic clearance remained high due to extensive piperidine ring oxidation as exemplified with compound 1. Piperidine ring modifications through alternate N-linked heterocyclic ring/spacer combination led to azetidine 2 that demonstrated lower intrinsic clearance. However, 2 underwent a facile cytochrome P450 (CYP)-mediated α-carbon oxidation followed by azetidine ring scission, resulting in the formation of ketone (M2) and aldehyde (M6) as stable metabolites in NADPH-supplemented human liver microsomes. Inclusion of GSH or semicarbazide in microsomal incubations led to the formation of Cys-Gly-thiazolidine (M3), Cys-thiazolidine (M5), and semicarbazone (M7) conjugates, which were derived from reaction of the nucleophilic trapping agents with aldehyde M6. Metabolites M2 and M5 were biosynthesized from NADPH- and l-cysteine-fortified human liver microsomal incubations with 2, and proposed metabolite structures were verified using one- and two-dimensional NMR spectroscopy. Replacement of the azetidine substituent with a pyridine ring furnished 8, which mitigated the formation of the electrophilic aldehyde metabolite, and was a more potent DGAT2 inhibitor than 2. Further structural refinements in 8, specifically introducing amide bond substituents with greater metabolic stability, led to the discovery of PF-06865571 (ervogastat) that is currently in phase 2 clinical trials for the treatment of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raman Sharma
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development, and Medical, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Matthew S Dowling
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development, and Medical, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Kentaro Futatsugi
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development, and Medical, 1 Portland St, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Amit S Kalgutkar
- Medicine Design, Pfizer Worldwide Research, Development, and Medical, 1 Portland St, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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Guo PP, Jin X, Zhang JF, Li Q, Yan CG, Li XZ. Overexpression of DGAT2 Regulates the Differentiation of Bovine Preadipocytes. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13071195. [PMID: 37048451 PMCID: PMC10093762 DOI: 10.3390/ani13071195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Revised: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Triacylglycerols (TAGs) are a major component of intramuscular fat. Diacylglycerol O-acyltransferase 2(DGAT2) expression determines the rate of TAG synthesis. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of DGAT2 in the differentiation of Yanbian cattle preadipocytes and lipid metabolism-related signalling pathways. Bovine preadipocytes were infected with overexpression and interfering adenovirus vectors of DGAT2. The effects on the differentiation of Yanbian cattle preadipocytes were examined using molecular and transcriptomic techniques, including differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and Kyoto Encyclopaedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway analysis. DGAT2 overexpression significantly increased (p < 0.05) intracellular TAG, adiponectin, and lipid droplet (LD) contents. Moreover, it upregulated (p < 0.05) peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ (PPARγ), CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α, and fatty acid binding protein 4 mRNA expression. In contrast, DGAT2 knockdown reduced intracellular TAG and LD content and downregulated (p < 0.05) C/EBPβ, mannosyl (alpha-1,3-)-glycoproteinbeta-1,2-N-acetylglucosaminyltransferase, lipin 1,1-acylglycerol-3-phosphate O-acyltransferase 4, and acetyl-CoA carboxylase alpha mRNA expression. Between DGAT2-overexpressing preadipocytes and normal cells, 208 DEGs were identified, including 106 upregulated and 102 downregulated genes. KEGG pathway analysis revealed DEGs mainly enriched in PPAR signalling and AMP-activated protein kinase pathways, cholesterol metabolism, and fatty acid biosynthesis. These results demonstrated that DGAT2 regulated preadipocyte differentiation and LD and TAG accumulation by mediating the expression of adipose differentiation-, lipid metabolism-, and fatty acid synthesis-related genes.
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30
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Zhao J, Wei W, Zhao Y, Lin W, Tang Y, Yu W, Zhang L, Chen J. Mutation c.-379 C>T in DGAT1 affects intramyocellular lipid content by altering MYOD1 binding affinity. Anim Genet 2023. [PMID: 36871966 DOI: 10.1111/age.13313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 02/12/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/07/2023]
Abstract
Intramuscular fat (IMF) is one of the most important indexes of pork taste quality. Diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1), belonging to the acyl-coenzyme A: DGAT enzymes family, is a rate-limiting enzyme responsible for the final step of triglyceride (TG) synthesis. It is involved in TG storage in skeletal muscle; however, the underlying mechanism is not well understood. This study aimed to uncover functional mutations that can influence DGAT1 expression and consequently affect IMF deposition in pork. Two experimental groups containing individuals with high and low IMF content (6.23 ± 0.20 vs. 1.25 ± 0.05, p < 0.01) were formed from 260 Duroc × Large White × Yorkshire (D × L × Y) cross-bred pigs. A novel SNP c.-379 C>T was uncovered in the DGAT1 gene using comparative sequencing with pool DNA of high- and low-IMF groups. The IMF content of CT genotype individuals (3.19 ± 0.11%) was higher than that of CC genotype individuals (2.86 ± 0.11%) when analyzing 260 D × L × Y pigs (p < 0.05). The DGAT1 expression levels revealed a significant positive correlation with IMF content (r = 0.33, p < 0.01). Luciferase assay revealed that the DGAT1 promoter with the c.-379 T allele has a higher transcription activity than that bearing the C allele in C2C12 myoblast cells, but not in 3T3-L1 pre-adipocytes. Online prediction followed by chromatin immunoprecipitation-polymerase chain reaction assay confirmed that myogenic determination factor 1 (MYOD1) binds to the DGAT1 promoter with the c.-379 C allele but not the T allele. In vitro experiments demonstrated that MYOD1 represses DGAT1 transcription and lipogenesis. As a muscle-specific transcription factor, MYOD1 can inhibit the transcription of DGAT1 with the c.-379 C allele in muscle cells. However, in the absence of MYOD1 binding to the mutated DGAT1 promoter with the c.-379 T allele, DGAT1 expresses at a higher level in the muscle cells of the c.-379 T genotype, leading to more intramyocellular lipid accumulation than in the muscle cells of the c.-379 C genotype. The SNP c.-379 C>T in the promoter region of the DGAT1 gene provides a promising molecular marker for improving pork IMF content without affecting other fat depots.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jindi Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wei Wei
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuelie Zhao
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weimin Lin
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yonghang Tang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wensai Yu
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Lifan Zhang
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jie Chen
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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31
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Camargo LSA, Saraiva NZ, Oliveira CS, Carmickle A, Lemos DR, Siqueira LGB, Denicol AC. Perspectives of gene editing for cattle farming in tropical and subtropical regions. Anim Reprod 2023; 19:e20220108. [PMID: 36819485 PMCID: PMC9924776 DOI: 10.1590/1984-3143-ar2022-0108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/23/2023] [Indexed: 02/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Cattle productivity in tropical and subtropical regions can be severely affected by the environment. Reproductive performance, milk and meat production are compromised by the heat stress imposed by the elevated temperature and humidity. The resulting low productivity contributes to reduce the farmer's income and to increase the methane emissions per unit of animal protein produced and the pressure on land usage. The introduction of highly productive European cattle breeds as well as crossbreeding with local breeds have been adopted as strategies to increase productivity but the positive effects have been limited by the low adaptation of European animals to hot climates and by the reduction of the heterosis effect in the following generations. Gene editing tools allow precise modifications in the animal genome and can be an ally to the cattle industry in tropical and subtropical regions. Alleles associated with production or heat tolerance can be shifted between breeds without the need of crossbreeding. Alongside assisted reproductive biotechnologies and genome selection, gene editing can accelerate the genetic gain of indigenous breeds such as zebu cattle. This review focuses on some of the potential applications of gene editing for cattle farming in tropical and subtropical regions, bringing aspects related to heat stress, milk yield, bull reproduction and methane emissions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Allie Carmickle
- Department of Animal Science, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA
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32
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Yan B, Chang C, Gu Y, Zheng N, Fang Y, Zhang M, Wang G, Zhang L. Genome-Wide Identification, Classification, and Expression Analyses of the CsDGAT Gene Family in Cannabis sativa L. and Their Response to Cold Treatment. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044078. [PMID: 36835488 PMCID: PMC9963917 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Hempseed is a nutrient-rich natural resource, and high levels of hempseed oil accumulate within hemp seeds, consisting primarily of different triglycerides. Members of the diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) enzyme family play critical roles in catalyzing triacylglycerol biosynthesis in plants, often governing the rate-limiting step in this process. As such, this study was designed to characterize the Cannabis sativa DGAT (CsDGAT) gene family in detail. Genomic analyses of the C. sativa revealed 10 candidate DGAT genes that were classified into four families (DGAT1, DGAT2, DGAT3, WS/DGAT) based on the features of different isoforms. Members of the CsDGAT family were found to be associated with large numbers of cis-acting promoter elements, including plant response elements, plant hormone response elements, light response elements, and stress response elements, suggesting roles for these genes in key processes such as development, environmental adaptation, and abiotic stress responses. Profiling of these genes in various tissues and varieties revealed varying spatial patterns of CsDGAT expression dynamics and differences in expression among C. sativa varieties, suggesting that the members of this gene family likely play distinct functional regulatory functions CsDGAT genes were upregulated in response to cold stress, and significant differences in the mode of regulation were observed when comparing roots and leaves, indicating that CsDGAT genes may play positive roles as regulators of cold responses in hemp while also playing distinct roles in shaping the responses of different parts of hemp seedlings to cold exposure. These data provide a robust basis for further functional studies of this gene family, supporting future efforts to screen the significance of CsDGAT candidate genes to validate their functions to improve hempseed oil composition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bowei Yan
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Postdoctoral Programme, Institute of Industrial Crops, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Chuanyi Chang
- Harbin Academy of Agricultural Science, Harbin 150028, China
| | - Yingnan Gu
- Remote Sensing Technique Center, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Nan Zheng
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Postdoctoral Programme, Institute of Industrial Crops, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Yuyan Fang
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Postdoctoral Programme, Institute of Industrial Crops, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Ming Zhang
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Postdoctoral Programme, Institute of Industrial Crops, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China
| | - Guijiang Wang
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Postdoctoral Programme, Institute of Industrial Crops, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China
- Correspondence: (G.W.); (L.Z.)
| | - Liguo Zhang
- Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Postdoctoral Programme, Institute of Industrial Crops, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China
- Correspondence: (G.W.); (L.Z.)
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33
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Pregnancy Toxemia in Ewes: A Review of Molecular Metabolic Mechanisms and Management Strategies. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13020149. [PMID: 36837768 PMCID: PMC9961611 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13020149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2022] [Revised: 01/09/2023] [Accepted: 01/17/2023] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Pregnancy toxemia is a nutritional metabolic disease during late gestation in small ruminants. The condition is characterized by disorders in carbohydrate and fat metabolism. Obese and multiparous ewes are particularly susceptible to pregnancy toxemia, which may lead to maternal death, abortion, or premature birth. Highly productive multiparous meat ewes are major breeding animals, which has led to an increased incidence of the disease. However, the pathogenesis of pregnancy toxemia remains unclear and adequate disease prevention and treatment strategies are absent. Investigating the pathogenesis of pregnancy toxemia, especially the metabolic pathways of hepatic lipids, is key to an improved understanding of the condition. This review provides a snapshot of the genes that are associated with lipid metabolism in the ovine liver, including genes involved in fatty acid oxidation, acetyl coenzyme metabolism, and triglyceride synthesis; describes the interrelationships between these genes; and summarizes the diagnosis, prevention, and treatment of pregnancy toxemia.
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Tian H, Luo J, Guo P, Li C, Zhang X. C/EBPα promotes triacylglycerol synthesis via regulating PPARG promoter activity in goat mammary epithelial cells. J Anim Sci 2023; 101:skac412. [PMID: 36547378 PMCID: PMC9863032 DOI: 10.1093/jas/skac412] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Accepted: 12/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
CCAAT/enhancer binding protein α (C/EBPα) is the key transcription factor involved in lipid metabolism, however, the role of C/EBPα in milk fat synthesis of dairy goats remains unknown. The objective of the present research was to clarify the function of C/EBPα in goat mammary epithelial cells (GMECs) and its impact on peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARG) promoter activity. In this study, C/EBPα overexpression increased its mRNA and protein levels by 42-fold and 6-fold, respectively. In contrast, transfecting siRNA targeting C/EBPα decreased its mRNA level to 20% and protein abundance to 80% of the basal level. The contents of lipid droplets, triacylglycerol (TAG), and cholesterol were increased (P < 0.05) in C/EBPα-overexpressing GMECs, and knockdown of C/EBPα led to the opposite results. Overexpression of C/EBPα significantly increased the expression levels of genes involved in TAG synthesis (AGPAT6, DGAT2, P < 0.01), lipid droplet formation (PLIN2, P < 0.01), and fatty acid synthesis (FADS2, P < 0.05; ELOVL6, P < 0.01). Knockdown of C/EBPα decreased (P < 0.05) the expression levels of AGPAT6, DGAT1, DGAT2, PLIN2, FADS2, and ELOVL6. C/EBPα upregulated the expression level of PPARG (P < 0.05), and four C/EBPα binding regions were identified in the PPARG promoter at -1,112 to -1,102 bp, -734 to -724 bp, -248 to -238 bp, and -119 to -109 bp. Knockdown of C/EBPα reduced (P < 0.05) the PPARG promoter activity when the C/EBPα binding regions were mutated at -1,112 to -1,102 bp, -734 to -724 bp, and -248 to -238 bp locations of the promoter. However, the promoter activity did not change when the mutation was located at -119 bp. In conclusion, our results suggest that C/EBPα can promote TAG synthesis in GMECs through its effects on mRNA abundance of genes related to lipid metabolism and regulation of the PPARG promoter activity via C/EBPα binding regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huibin Tian
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P. R. China
| | - Jun Luo
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P. R. China
| | - Peng Guo
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P. R. China
| | - Chun Li
- Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology for Agriculture, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi 712100, P. R. China
| | - Xueying Zhang
- College of Pastoral Agriculture Science and Technology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730020, P. R. China
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35
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Amin NB, Saxena AR, Somayaji V, Dullea R. Inhibition of Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase 2 Versus Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase 1: Potential Therapeutic Implications of Pharmacology. Clin Ther 2023; 45:55-70. [PMID: 36690550 DOI: 10.1016/j.clinthera.2022.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/22/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Hepatic steatosis due to altered lipid metabolism and accumulation of hepatic triglycerides is a hallmark of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) enzymes, DGAT1 and DGAT2, catalyze the terminal reaction in triglyceride synthesis, making them attractive targets for pharmacologic intervention. There is a common misconception that these enzymes are related; however, despite their similar names, DGAT1 and DGAT2 differ significantly on multiple levels. As we look ahead to future clinical studies of DGAT2 inhibitors in patients with NAFLD and nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), we review key differences and include evidence to highlight and support DGAT2 inhibitor (DGAT2i) pharmacology. METHODS Three Phase I, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials assessed the safety, tolerability, and pharmacokinetic properties of the DGAT2i ervogastat (PF-06865571) in healthy adult participants (Single Dose Study to Assess the Safety, Tolerability and Pharmacokinetics of PF-06865571 [study C2541001] and Study to Assess the Safety, Tolerability, and Pharmacokinetics of Multiple Doses of PF-06865571 in Healthy, Including Overweight and Obese, Adult Subjects [study C2541002]) or participants with NAFLD (2-Week Study in People With Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease [study C2541005]). Data from 2 Phase I, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trials of the DGAT1i PF-04620110 in healthy participants (A Single Dose Study of PF-04620110 in Overweight and Obese, Otherwise Healthy Volunteers [study B0961001] and A Multiple Dose Study of PF-04620110 in Overweight and Obese, Otherwise Healthy Volunteers [study B0961002]) were included for comparison. Safety outcomes were the primary end point in all studies, except in study C2541005, in which safety was the secondary end point, with relative change from baseline in whole liver fat at day 15 assessed as the primary end point. Safety data were analyzed across studies by total daily dose of ervogastat (5, 15, 50, 100, 150, 500, 600, 1000, and 1500 mg) or PF-04620110 (0.3, 1, 3, 5, 7, 10, 14, and 21 mg), with placebo data pooled separately across ervogastat and PF-04620110 studies. FINDINGS Published data indicate that DGAT1 and DGAT2 differ in multiple dimensions, including gene family, subcellular localization, substrate preference, and specificity, with unrelated pharmacologic inhibition properties and differing safety profiles. Although initial nonclinical studies suggested a potentially attractive therapeutic profile with DGAT1 inhibition, genetic and pharmacologic data suggest otherwise, with common gastrointestinal adverse events, including nausea, vomiting, and diarrhea, limiting further clinical development. Conversely, DGAT2 inhibition, although initially not pursued as aggressively as a potential target for pharmacologic intervention, has consistent efficacy in nonclinical studies, with reduced triglyceride synthesis accompanied by reduced expression of genes essential for de novo lipogenesis. In addition, early clinical data indicate antisteatotic effects with DGAT2i ervogastat, in participants with NAFLD, accompanied by a well-tolerated safety profile. IMPLICATIONS Although pharmacologic DGAT1is are limited by an adverse safety profile, data support use of DGAT2i as an effective and well-tolerated therapeutic strategy for patients with NAFLD, NASH, and NASH with liver fibrosis. CLINICALTRIALS gov identifiers: NCT03092232, NCT03230383, NCT03513588, NCT00799006, and NCT00959426.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neeta B Amin
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Aditi R Saxena
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Veena Somayaji
- Early Clinical Development, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Robert Dullea
- Internal Medicine Research Unit, Pfizer Inc, Cambridge, Massachusetts.
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Panigrahi R, Glover JNM, Nallusamy S. A look into DGAT1 through the EM lenses. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA. BIOMEMBRANES 2023; 1865:184069. [PMID: 36216097 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2022.184069] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
With the advent of modern detectors and robust structure solution pipeline, cryogenic electron microscopy has recently proved to be game changer in structural biology. Membrane proteins are challenging targets for structural biologists. This minireview focuses a membrane embedded triglyceride synthesizing machine, DGAT1. Decades of research had built the foundational knowledge on this enzyme's activity. However, recently solved cryo-EM structures of this enzyme, in apo and bound form, has provided critical mechanistic insights. The flipping of the catalytic histidine is critical of enzyme catalysis. The structures explain why the enzyme has preference to long fatty acyl chains over the short forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rashmi Panigrahi
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H7, Canada.
| | - J N Mark Glover
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Saranya Nallusamy
- Department of Plant Molecular Biology and Bioinformatics, Centre for Plant Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tamil Nadu Agricultural University, Coimbatore 641003, India.
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Cao Y, Li Q, Zhang L. The core triacylglycerol toolbox in woody oil plants reveals targets for oil production bioengineering. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1170723. [PMID: 37077641 PMCID: PMC10106636 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1170723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Woody oil plants are the most productive oil-bearing species that produce seeds with high levels of valuable triacylglycerols (TAGs). TAGs and their derivatives are the raw materials for many macromolecular bio-based products, such as nylon precursors, and biomass-based diesel. Here, we identified 280 genes encoding seven distinct classes of enzymes (i.e., G3PAT, LPAAT, PAP, DGAT, PDCT, PDAT, and CPT) involved in TAGs-biosynthesis. Several multigene families are expanded by large-scale duplication events, such as G3PATs, and PAPs. RNA-seq was used to survey the expression profiles of these TAG pathway-related genes in different tissues or development, indicating functional redundancy for some duplicated genes originated from the large-scale duplication events, and neo-functionalization or sub-functionalization for some of them. Sixty-two genes showed strong, preferential expression during the period of rapid seed lipid synthesis, suggesting that their might represented the core TAG-toolbox. We also revealed for the first time that there is no PDCT pathway in Vernicia fordii and Xanthoceras sorbifolium. The identification of key genes involved in lipid biosynthesis will be the foundation to plan strategies to develop woody oil plant varieties with enhanced processing properties and high oil content.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunpeng Cao
- School of Health and Nursing, Wuchang University of Technology, Wuhan, China
- Wuhan Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
- College of Forestry, Central South University of Forestry and Technology, Changsha, Hunan, China
- *Correspondence: Yunpeng Cao, ; Lin Zhang,
| | - Qiang Li
- School of Health and Nursing, Wuchang University of Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lin Zhang
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Hubei University of Chinese Medicine, Wuhan, China
- *Correspondence: Yunpeng Cao, ; Lin Zhang,
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Mild methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase deficiency accelerates liver triacylglycerol and uric acid accumulation in fructose-fed mice. Nutr Res 2022; 108:33-42. [PMID: 36399975 DOI: 10.1016/j.nutres.2022.10.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Accepted: 10/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
A genetic predisposition to hepatic steatosis may be associated with dietary patterns. We hypothesized that a common variant in human methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR 677C→T) was previously associated with an increased risk of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). In this study, we investigated the relationship between the human MTHFR polymorphism and NAFLD using fructose-fed male C57BL/6 Mthfr+/+ and Mthfr+/- mice, a model for the human gene variant. Mice were fed an 8% fructose solution for 12 weeks. Mthfr+/- mice had significantly increased abdominal fat mass and hepatic triglyceride (TG) but displayed a similar liver mass when compared with Mthfr+/+ mice. Liver morphology showed that mild MTHFR deficiency induced liver lipid droplet deposition and inflammatory cell infiltration, suggesting accelerated lipid accumulation in the liver. Moreover, mild MTHFR deficiency increased hepatic xanthine oxidase activity and uric acid accumulation. Using untargeted lipidomics, we identified 116 differentially expressed lipids species in the liver of Mthfr+/- mice when compared with Mthfr+/+ animals. The most significant lipid increase was observed in 47 TGs, followed by 33 phosphatidylcholines in Mthfr+/- mice liver. When compared with Mthfr+/+ liver, 9 TGs were dramatically decreased in Mthfr+/- liver. These changes were associated with upregulated gene expressions related to triglyceride synthesis and storage. Thus, Mthfr+/- mice developed NAFLD disease. These findings suggested the Mthfr variant may be at an increased risk of liver steatosis on a fructose solution diet.
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Futatsugi K, Cabral S, Kung DW, Huard K, Lee E, Boehm M, Bauman J, Clark RW, Coffey SB, Crowley C, Dechert-Schmitt AM, Dowling MS, Dullea R, Gosset JR, Kalgutkar AS, Kou K, Li Q, Lian Y, Loria PM, Londregan AT, Niosi M, Orozco C, Pettersen JC, Pfefferkorn JA, Polivkova J, Ross TT, Sharma R, Stock IA, Tesz G, Wisniewska H, Goodwin B, Price DA. Discovery of Ervogastat (PF-06865571): A Potent and Selective Inhibitor of Diacylglycerol Acyltransferase 2 for the Treatment of Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis. J Med Chem 2022; 65:15000-15013. [PMID: 36322383 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jmedchem.2c01200] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Discovery efforts leading to the identification of ervogastat (PF-06865571), a systemically acting diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT2) inhibitor that has advanced into clinical trials for the treatment of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) with liver fibrosis, are described herein. Ervogastat is a first-in-class DGAT2 inhibitor that addressed potential development risks of the prototype liver-targeted DGAT2 inhibitor PF-06427878. Key design elements that culminated in the discovery of ervogastat are (1) replacement of the metabolically labile motif with a 3,5-disubstituted pyridine system, which addressed potential safety risks arising from a cytochrome P450-mediated O-dearylation of PF-06427878 to a reactive quinone metabolite precursor, and (2) modifications of the amide group to a 3-THF group, guided by metabolite identification studies coupled with property-based drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Futatsugi
- Pfizer Inc. Medicine Design, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Shawn Cabral
- Pfizer Inc. Medicine Design, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Daniel W Kung
- Pfizer Inc. Medicine Design, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Kim Huard
- Pfizer Inc. Medicine Design, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Esther Lee
- Pfizer Inc. Medicine Design, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Markus Boehm
- Pfizer Inc. Medicine Design, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jonathan Bauman
- Pfizer Inc. Medicine Design, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Ronald W Clark
- Pfizer Inc. Internal Medicine Research Unit, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Steven B Coffey
- Pfizer Inc. Medicine Design, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Collin Crowley
- Pfizer Inc. Internal Medicine Research Unit, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | | | - Matthew S Dowling
- Pfizer Inc. Medicine Design, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Robert Dullea
- Pfizer Inc. Internal Medicine Research Unit, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - James R Gosset
- Pfizer Inc. Medicine Design, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Amit S Kalgutkar
- Pfizer Inc. Medicine Design, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Kou Kou
- Pfizer Inc. Internal Medicine Research Unit, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Qifang Li
- Pfizer Inc. Medicine Design, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Yajing Lian
- Pfizer Inc. Medicine Design, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Paula M Loria
- Pfizer Inc. Medicine Design, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Allyn T Londregan
- Pfizer Inc. Medicine Design, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Mark Niosi
- Pfizer Inc. Medicine Design, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Christine Orozco
- Pfizer Inc. Medicine Design, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - John C Pettersen
- Pfizer Inc. Drug Safety R&D, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Jeffrey A Pfefferkorn
- Pfizer Inc. Internal Medicine Research Unit, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Jana Polivkova
- Pfizer Inc. Medicine Design, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Trenton T Ross
- Pfizer Inc. Internal Medicine Research Unit, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Raman Sharma
- Pfizer Inc. Medicine Design, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Ingrid A Stock
- Pfizer Inc. Medicine Design, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Gregory Tesz
- Pfizer Inc. Internal Medicine Research Unit, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - Hanna Wisniewska
- Pfizer Inc. Medicine Design, Eastern Point Road, Groton, Connecticut 06340, United States
| | - Bryan Goodwin
- Pfizer Inc. Internal Medicine Research Unit, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
| | - David A Price
- Pfizer Inc. Medicine Design, 1 Portland Street, Cambridge, Massachusetts 02139, United States
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Nawade B, Kumar A, Maurya R, Subramani R, Yadav R, Singh K, Rangan P. Longer Duration of Active Oil Biosynthesis during Seed Development Is Crucial for High Oil Yield-Lessons from Genome-Wide In Silico Mining and RNA-Seq Validation in Sesame. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2980. [PMID: 36365434 PMCID: PMC9657858 DOI: 10.3390/plants11212980] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 09/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Sesame, one of the ancient oil crops, is an important oilseed due to its nutritionally rich seeds with high protein content. Genomic scale information for sesame has become available in the public databases in recent years. The genes and their families involved in oil biosynthesis in sesame are less studied than in other oilseed crops. Therefore, we retrieved a total of 69 genes and their translated amino acid sequences, associated with gene families linked to the oil biosynthetic pathway. Genome-wide in silico mining helped identify key regulatory genes for oil biosynthesis, though the findings require functional validation. Comparing sequences of the SiSAD (stearoyl-acyl carrier protein (ACP)-desaturase) coding genes with known SADs helped identify two SiSAD family members that may be palmitoyl-ACP-specific. Based on homology with lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase (LPAAT) sequences, an uncharacterized gene has been identified as SiLPAAT1. Identified key regulatory genes associated with high oil content were also validated using publicly available transcriptome datasets of genotypes contrasting for oil content at different developmental stages. Our study provides evidence that a longer duration of active oil biosynthesis is crucial for high oil accumulation during seed development. This underscores the importance of early onset of oil biosynthesis in developing seeds. Up-regulating, identified key regulatory genes of oil biosynthesis during early onset of seed development, should help increase oil yields.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhagwat Nawade
- Division of Genomic Resources, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, PUSA Campus, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Ajay Kumar
- Division of Genomic Resources, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, PUSA Campus, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Rasna Maurya
- Division of Genomic Resources, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, PUSA Campus, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Rajkumar Subramani
- Division of Genomic Resources, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, PUSA Campus, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Rashmi Yadav
- Division of Germplasm Evaluation, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, PUSA Campus, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Kuldeep Singh
- Division of Genomic Resources, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, PUSA Campus, New Delhi 110012, India
| | - Parimalan Rangan
- Division of Genomic Resources, ICAR-National Bureau of Plant Genetic Resources, PUSA Campus, New Delhi 110012, India
- Queensland Alliance for Agriculture and Food Innovation, University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD 4072, Australia
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41
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Xu H, Li D, Hao Y, Guo X, Lu J, Zhang T. Genome-wide analysis of DGAT gene family in Perilla frutescens and functional characterization of PfDGAT2-2 and PfDGAT3-1 in Arabidopsis. PLANT SCIENCE : AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL PLANT BIOLOGY 2022; 324:111426. [PMID: 35998725 DOI: 10.1016/j.plantsci.2022.111426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 08/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT) is the rate-limiting enzyme that catalyzes the final step in triacylglycerol biosynthesis, however, members of DGAT gene family of Perilla frutescens has not yet been identified and characterized. In this study, a total of 20 PfDGAT genes were identified from the genome of Perilla frutescens and were divided into four groups (PfDGAT1, PfDGAT2, PfDGAT3, PfWS/DGAT) according to their phylogenetic relationships. These were unevenly distributed across the 12 chromosomes. Sequence analysis revealed that PfDGAT members of the same subfamily have highly conserved gene structures, protein motifs and cis-acting elements in their promoters. Gene duplication analysis showed that random duplication and segmental duplication contributed to the expansion of the DGAT family in P. frutescens. RNA-seq and qRT-PCR analysis suggested that they may play a role in the growth and development of Perilla, especially in the accumulation of seed oil. Compared with the wild-type, seed length, width, and 1000-seed weight of transgenic PfDGAT2-2 and PfDGAT3-1 Arabidopsis were significantly increased, as well as the seed oil content increased by 7.36-15.83 %. Over-expression of PfDGAT2-2 could significantly increase the content of C18:3 and C20:1 in Arabidopsis, while over-expression of PfDGAT3-1 could significantly enhance the content of C18:2 and C18:3. In conclusion, in this study the characteristics and potential functions of the PfDGAT family members were elucidated. Our findings provided basic information for further functional studies and helped to increase the yield and quality of Perilla oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huaxiang Xu
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, PR China
| | - Dan Li
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, PR China
| | - Youjin Hao
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, PR China
| | - Xi Guo
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, PR China
| | - Junxing Lu
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, PR China
| | - Tao Zhang
- College of Life Sciences, Chongqing Normal University, Chongqing 401331, PR China.
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Gabbia D, Roverso M, Zanotto I, Colognesi M, Sayaf K, Sarcognato S, Arcidiacono D, Zaramella A, Realdon S, Ferri N, Guido M, Russo FP, Bogialli S, Carrara M, De Martin S. A Nutraceutical Formulation Containing Brown Algae Reduces Hepatic Lipid Accumulation by Modulating Lipid Metabolism and Inflammation in Experimental Models of NAFLD and NASH. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:572. [PMID: 36135761 PMCID: PMC9501409 DOI: 10.3390/md20090572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2022] [Revised: 08/30/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Recently, some preclinical and clinical studies have demonstrated the ability of brown seaweeds in reducing the risk factors for metabolic syndrome. Here, we analyzed the beneficial effect of a nutraceutical formulation containing a phytocomplex extracted from seaweeds and chromium picolinate in animal models of liver steatosis of differing severities (rats with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and its complication, non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH)). This treatment led to a significant drop in hepatic fat deposition in both models (p < 0.01 vs. untreated animals), accompanied by a reduction in plasma inflammatory cytokines, such as interleukin 6, tumor necrosis factor α, and C reactive protein, and myeloperoxidase expression in liver tissue. Furthermore, a modulation of the molecular pathways involved in lipid metabolism and storage was demonstrated, since we observed the significant reduction of the mRNA levels of fatty acid synthase, diacylglycerol acyltransferases, the sterol-binding protein SREBP-1, and the lipid transporter perilipin-2, in both treated NAFLD and NASH rats in comparison to untreated ones. In conclusion, this nutraceutical product was effective in reducing liver steatosis and showed further beneficial effects on hepatic inflammation and glycemic control, which were particularly evident in rats characterized by a more severe condition, thus representing a therapeutic option for the treatment of NAFLD and NASH patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Gabbia
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Marco Roverso
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Ilaria Zanotto
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Martina Colognesi
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Katia Sayaf
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Samantha Sarcognato
- Department of Pathology, Azienda ULSS2 Marca Trevigiana, 31100 Treviso, Italy
| | - Diletta Arcidiacono
- Gastroenterology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Alice Zaramella
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
- Gastroenterology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Stefano Realdon
- Gastroenterology Unit, Veneto Institute of Oncology IOV-IRCCS, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Nicola Ferri
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Guido
- Department of Pathology, Azienda ULSS2 Marca Trevigiana, 31100 Treviso, Italy
- Department of Medicine, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Francesco Paolo Russo
- Department of Surgery, Oncology and Gastroenterology, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Sara Bogialli
- Department of Chemical Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Maria Carrara
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
| | - Sara De Martin
- Department of Pharmaceutical and Pharmacological Sciences, University of Padova, 35131 Padova, Italy
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Kou Y, Geng F, Guo D. Lipid Metabolism in Glioblastoma: From De Novo Synthesis to Storage. Biomedicines 2022; 10:1943. [PMID: 36009491 PMCID: PMC9405736 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10081943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most lethal primary brain tumor. With limited therapeutic options, novel therapies are desperately needed. Recent studies have shown that GBM acquires large amounts of lipids for rapid growth through activation of sterol regulatory element-binding protein 1 (SREBP-1), a master transcription factor that regulates fatty acid and cholesterol synthesis, and cholesterol uptake. Interestingly, GBM cells divert substantial quantities of lipids into lipid droplets (LDs), a specific storage organelle for neutral lipids, to prevent lipotoxicity by increasing the expression of diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) and sterol-O-acyltransferase 1 (SOAT1), which convert excess fatty acids and cholesterol to triacylglycerol and cholesteryl esters, respectively. In this review, we will summarize recent progress on our understanding of lipid metabolism regulation in GBM to promote tumor growth and discuss novel strategies to specifically induce lipotoxicity to tumor cells through disrupting lipid storage, a promising new avenue for treating GBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongjun Kou
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ohio State Comprehensive Cancer Center, Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, College of Medicine at The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43012, USA
| | - Feng Geng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ohio State Comprehensive Cancer Center, Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, College of Medicine at The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43012, USA
| | - Deliang Guo
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Ohio State Comprehensive Cancer Center, Arthur G. James Cancer Hospital and Richard J. Solove Research Institute, College of Medicine at The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43012, USA
- Center for Cancer Metabolism, James Comprehensive Cancer Center at The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210, USA
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Kim JE, Kim E, Lee JW. TM4SF5-Mediated Regulation of Hepatocyte Transporters during Metabolic Liver Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23158387. [PMID: 35955521 PMCID: PMC9369364 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23158387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is found in up to 30% of the world’s population and can lead to hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), which has a poor 5-year relative survival rate of less than 40%. Clinical therapeutic strategies are not very successful. The co-occurrence of metabolic disorders and inflammatory environments during the development of steatohepatitis thus needs to be more specifically diagnosed and treated to prevent fatal HCC development. To improve diagnostic and therapeutic strategies, the identification of molecules and/or pathways responsible for the initiation and progression of chronic liver disease has been explored in many studies, but further study is still required. Transmembrane 4 L six family member 5 (TM4SF5) has been observed to play roles in the regulation of metabolic functions and activities in hepatocytes using in vitro cell and in vivo animal models without or with TM4SF5 expression in addition to clinical liver tissue samples. TM4SF5 is present on the membranes of different organelles or vesicles and cooperates with transporters for fatty acids, amino acids, and monocarbohydrates, thus regulating nutrient uptake into hepatocytes and metabolism and leading to phenotypes of chronic liver diseases. In addition, TM4SF5 can remodel the immune environment by interacting with immune cells during TM4SF5-mediated chronic liver diseases. Because TM4SF5 may act as an NAFLD biomarker, this review summarizes crosstalk between TM4SF5 and nutrient transporters in hepatocytes, which is related to chronic liver diseases.
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Alarcon-Gil J, Sierra-Magro A, Morales-Garcia JA, Sanz-SanCristobal M, Alonso-Gil S, Cortes-Canteli M, Niso-Santano M, Martínez-Chacón G, Fuentes JM, Santos A, Perez-Castillo A. Neuroprotective and Anti-Inflammatory Effects of Linoleic Acid in Models of Parkinson's Disease: The Implication of Lipid Droplets and Lipophagy. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152297. [PMID: 35892594 PMCID: PMC9331796 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most prevalent neurodegenerative disease after Alzheimer's disease. The principal pathological feature of PD is the progressive loss of dopaminergic neurons in the ventral midbrain. This pathology involves several cellular alterations: oxidative stress, mitochondrial dysfunction, loss of proteostasis, and autophagy impairment. Moreover, in recent years, lipid metabolism alterations have become relevant in PD pathogeny. The modification of lipid metabolism has become a possible way to treat the disease. Because of this, we analyzed the effect and possible mechanism of action of linoleic acid (LA) on an SH-SY5Y PD cell line model and a PD mouse model, both induced by 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA) treatment. The results show that LA acts as a potent neuroprotective and anti-inflammatory agent in these PD models. We also observed that LA stimulates the biogenesis of lipid droplets and improves the autophagy/lipophagy flux, which resulted in an antioxidant effect in the in vitro PD model. In summary, we confirmed the neuroprotective effect of LA in vitro and in vivo against PD. We also obtained some clues about the novel neuroprotective mechanism of LA against PD through the regulation of lipid droplet dynamics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jesus Alarcon-Gil
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” (CSIC-UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.A.-G.); (A.S.-M.); (J.A.M.-G.); (M.S.-S.); (S.A.-G.)
- Cellular Neurobiology Laboratory, Neurobiology Department, Instituto Ramón y Cajal de Investigaciones Sanitarias, Hospital Ramón y Cajal, Ctra. Colmenar km 9.1, 28034 Madrid, Spain
- PhD Program in Neuroscience, Autonoma de Madrid University, 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Sierra-Magro
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” (CSIC-UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.A.-G.); (A.S.-M.); (J.A.M.-G.); (M.S.-S.); (S.A.-G.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.C.-C.); (M.N.-S.); (G.M.-C.); (J.M.F.); (A.S.)
| | - Jose A. Morales-Garcia
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” (CSIC-UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.A.-G.); (A.S.-M.); (J.A.M.-G.); (M.S.-S.); (S.A.-G.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.C.-C.); (M.N.-S.); (G.M.-C.); (J.M.F.); (A.S.)
- Departamento de Biología Celular, Facultad de Medicina, Universidad Complutense de Madrid, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marina Sanz-SanCristobal
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” (CSIC-UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.A.-G.); (A.S.-M.); (J.A.M.-G.); (M.S.-S.); (S.A.-G.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.C.-C.); (M.N.-S.); (G.M.-C.); (J.M.F.); (A.S.)
| | - Sandra Alonso-Gil
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” (CSIC-UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.A.-G.); (A.S.-M.); (J.A.M.-G.); (M.S.-S.); (S.A.-G.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.C.-C.); (M.N.-S.); (G.M.-C.); (J.M.F.); (A.S.)
| | - Marta Cortes-Canteli
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.C.-C.); (M.N.-S.); (G.M.-C.); (J.M.F.); (A.S.)
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares (CNIC), 28029 Madrid, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria Fundación Jiménez Diaz, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mireia Niso-Santano
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.C.-C.); (M.N.-S.); (G.M.-C.); (J.M.F.); (A.S.)
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Enfermería y Terapia Ocupacional, Universidad de Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Extremadura (INUBE), 06006 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Guadalupe Martínez-Chacón
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.C.-C.); (M.N.-S.); (G.M.-C.); (J.M.F.); (A.S.)
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Enfermería y Terapia Ocupacional, Universidad de Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Extremadura (INUBE), 06006 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Jose M. Fuentes
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.C.-C.); (M.N.-S.); (G.M.-C.); (J.M.F.); (A.S.)
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular y Genética, Facultad de Enfermería y Terapia Ocupacional, Universidad de Extremadura, 10003 Cáceres, Spain
- Instituto de Investigación Biosanitaria de Extremadura (INUBE), 06006 Cáceres, Spain
| | - Angel Santos
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.C.-C.); (M.N.-S.); (G.M.-C.); (J.M.F.); (A.S.)
- Departamento de Bioquímica y Biología Molecular, Facultad de Medicina, UCM, Avda. Complutense s/n, 28040 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Perez-Castillo
- Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas “Alberto Sols” (CSIC-UAM), 28029 Madrid, Spain; (J.A.-G.); (A.S.-M.); (J.A.M.-G.); (M.S.-S.); (S.A.-G.)
- Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red en Enfermedades Neurodegenerativas (CIBERNED), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, 28029 Madrid, Spain; (M.C.-C.); (M.N.-S.); (G.M.-C.); (J.M.F.); (A.S.)
- Correspondence:
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Wang H, Wu Y, Xiang H, Sun-Waterhouse D, Zhao Y, Chen S, Li L, Wang Y. UHPLC-Q-Exactive Orbitrap MS/MS-based untargeted lipidomics reveals molecular mechanisms and metabolic pathways of lipid changes during golden pomfret (Trachinotus ovatus) fermentation. Food Chem 2022; 396:133676. [PMID: 35868287 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2022.133676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2022] [Revised: 06/22/2022] [Accepted: 07/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Fermented golden pomfret (a popular marine fish product) is prepared via spontaneous fermentation. However, no comprehensive analysis has been reported on its lipid composition and metabolism. Herein, UHPLC-MS/MS-based untargeted lipidomic analysis identified 998 lipids (six classes; 29 subclasses) in fermented golden pomfret, including glycerolipids (47.70%) and glycerophospholipids (32.06%). As fermentation proceeded, triglyceride and diglyceride contents increased and subsequently decreased, while that of poly-unsaturated fatty acid-containing lipids increased (including those with docosahexaenoic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, and docosapentaenoic acid). Pathway enrichment analysis identified seven lipid-related metabolic pathways, with the glycerophospholipid pathway found to be the most pertinent. Moreover, the decreased abundance of phosphatidylethanolamines and phosphatidylcholines during fermentation results from their high unsaturated fatty acid (FA) content. Indeed, essential FA contents increase following fermentation, due to their occurrence as glycerolipid side chains. Collectively, the results of this study provide a theoretical reference for optimizing the quality of fermented fish products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huifang Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National R&D Center for Aquatic Product Processing, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Yanyan Wu
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National R&D Center for Aquatic Product Processing, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Huan Xiang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National R&D Center for Aquatic Product Processing, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China
| | - Dongxiao Sun-Waterhouse
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National R&D Center for Aquatic Product Processing, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China; School of Chemical Sciences, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Yongqiang Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National R&D Center for Aquatic Product Processing, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Shengjun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National R&D Center for Aquatic Product Processing, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Laihao Li
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National R&D Center for Aquatic Product Processing, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
| | - Yueqi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Aquatic Product Processing, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, National R&D Center for Aquatic Product Processing, South China Sea Fisheries Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Fishery Sciences, Guangzhou 510300, China; Co-Innovation Center of Jiangsu Marine Bio-industry Technology, Jiangsu Ocean University, Lianyungang 222005, China; Collaborative Innovation Center of Seafood Deep Processing, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China.
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The Catalytic Domain of Neuropathy Target Esterase Influences Lipid Droplet Biogenesis and Lipid Metabolism in Human Neuroblastoma Cells. Metabolites 2022; 12:metabo12070637. [PMID: 35888761 PMCID: PMC9319352 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12070637] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As an endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-anchored phospholipase, neuropathy target esterase (NTE) catalyzes the deacylation of lysophosphatidylcholine (LPC) and phosphatidylcholine (PC). The catalytic domain of NTE (NEST) exhibits comparable activity to NTE and binds to lipid droplets (LD). In the current study, the nucleotide monophosphate (cNMP)-binding domains (CBDs) were firstly demonstrated not to be essential for the ER-targeting of NTE, but to be involved in the normal ER distribution and localization to LD. NEST was associated with LD surface and influenced LD formation in human neuroblastoma cells. Overexpression of NEST enhances triacylglycerol (TG) accumulation upon oleic acid loading. Quantitative targeted lipidomic analysis shows that overexpression of NEST does not alter diacylglycerol levels but reduces free fatty acids content. NEST not only lowered levels of LPC and acyl-LPC, but not PC or alkyl-PC, but also widely altered levels of other lipid metabolites. Qualitative PCR indicates that the increase in levels of TG is due to the expression of diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 gene by NEST overexpression. Thus, NTE may broadly regulate lipid metabolism to play roles in LD biogenesis in cells.
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Chen G, Harwood JL, Lemieux MJ, Stone SJ, Weselake RJ. Acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase: Properties, physiological roles, metabolic engineering and intentional control. Prog Lipid Res 2022; 88:101181. [PMID: 35820474 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2022.101181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2022] [Revised: 05/31/2022] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Acyl-CoA:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT, EC 2.3.1.20) catalyzes the last reaction in the acyl-CoA-dependent biosynthesis of triacylglycerol (TAG). DGAT activity resides mainly in membrane-bound DGAT1 and DGAT2 in eukaryotes and bifunctional wax ester synthase-diacylglycerol acyltransferase (WSD) in bacteria, which are all membrane-bound proteins but exhibit no sequence homology to each other. Recent studies also identified other DGAT enzymes such as the soluble DGAT3 and diacylglycerol acetyltransferase (EaDAcT), as well as enzymes with DGAT activities including defective in cuticular ridges (DCR) and steryl and phytyl ester synthases (PESs). This review comprehensively discusses research advances on DGATs in prokaryotes and eukaryotes with a focus on their biochemical properties, physiological roles, and biotechnological and therapeutic applications. The review begins with a discussion of DGAT assay methods, followed by a systematic discussion of TAG biosynthesis and the properties and physiological role of DGATs. Thereafter, the review discusses the three-dimensional structure and insights into mechanism of action of human DGAT1, and the modeled DGAT1 from Brassica napus. The review then examines metabolic engineering strategies involving manipulation of DGAT, followed by a discussion of its therapeutic applications. DGAT in relation to improvement of livestock traits is also discussed along with DGATs in various other eukaryotic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guanqun Chen
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6H 2P5, Canada.
| | - John L Harwood
- School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AX, UK
| | - M Joanne Lemieux
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Alberta, Membrane Protein Disease Research Group, Edmonton T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Scot J Stone
- Department of Biochemistry, Microbiology and Immunology, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan S7N 5E5, Canada.
| | - Randall J Weselake
- Department of Agricultural, Food, and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta T6H 2P5, Canada
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Huang L, Wu H, Li H, Hou Y, Hu J, Huang L, Lu Y, Liu X. Hepatic glycerolipid metabolism is critical to the egg laying rate of Guangxi Ma chickens. Gene 2022; 830:146500. [PMID: 35472624 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 03/29/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Yolk formation in liver is an important process for egg production in hens. The correlations between egg laying rate decline and liver function changes in Guangxi Ma chickens remain unclear. In this study, a total of 21,750 genes and 76,288 transcripts were identified in the RNA expression profiles isolated from liver tissues of 5 groups of Guangxi Ma chickens divided according to the age and egg laying rate. Numerous differential genes (DEGs) were identified after pairwise comparison among samples, and time series analysis categorization (age-related factors) revealed that down-regulated DEGs with aging were predominantly involved in lipid transportation and metabolic processes in the low egg laying rate groups. Notably, functional enrichment analysis confirmed that DGAT2, LIPG, PNPLA2, LPL, CEL, LIPC, DGKD, AGPAT2, AGPAT1 and AGPAT3 were highlighted as hub genes in glycerolipid metabolism pathway, which may be an essential non-age related factors of egg laying rate by regulating the synthesis of triacylglycerol (TAG) in liver. Finally, we categorized DEGs in Guangxi Ma chickens with different egg laying rate caused by age-related factors and found that DEGs with different expression patterns performing different biological functions. The analysis of DEGs with lower egg laying rate caused by non-age related factors and showed that the transportation of TAG was suppressed. Furthermore, critical genes and pathways involved in the synthesis of TAG in livers were identified, which dynamically regulated the formation of yolk precursors. Our results expanded the knowledge of the molecular mechanisms of the yolk precursor synthesis in chicken livers. The results will be helpful to explore the factors that affect egg laying rate from the perspective of yolk synthesis and provide a theoretical basis for improving the egg production of Guangxi Ma chickens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liangfeng Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Hanxiao Wu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Hu Li
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yuanyuan Hou
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Jianing Hu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Lin Huang
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Yangqing Lu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China
| | - Xingting Liu
- State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro-bioresources, College of Animal Science and Technology, Guangxi University, Nanning, China.
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Bertasso IM, de Moura EG, Pietrobon CB, Cabral SS, Kluck GEG, Atella GC, Manhães AC, Lisboa PC. Low protein diet during lactation programs hepatic metabolism in adult male and female rats. J Nutr Biochem 2022; 108:109096. [PMID: 35779796 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2022.109096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 06/08/2022] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
The liver is an essential regulator of energy metabolism, and its function can be disrupted by nutritional alterations. Since liver development continues during breastfeeding nutritional challenges during this period predispose patients to diseases throughout life. A maternal protein-restricted (PR) diet during lactation promotes reductions in the body weight, adiposity, and plasma glucose and insulin, leptin resistance and an increase in corticosterone and catecholamines in adult male rat offspring. Here, we investigated hepatic metabolism in the offspring (both sexes) of PR (8% protein diet during lactation) and control (23% protein diet) dams. Both male and female offspring were evaluated at 6 months of age. PR males had no liver steatosis and manifested a reduction in lipids in hepatocytes adjacent to the vasculature. These animals had lower levels of esterified cholesterol in hepatocytes, suggesting higher biliary excretion, unchanged glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, and lower contents of the markers of mitochondrial redox balance and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress response and estrogen receptor alpha. PR females showed normal hepatic morphology associated with higher uptake of cholesterol esters, normal glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, and lower ER stress parameters without changes in the key markers of the redox balance. Additionally, these animals had lower content of estrogen receptor alpha and higher content of androgen receptor. The maternal PR diet during lactation did not program hepatic lipid accumulation in the adult progeny. However, several repair homeostasis pathways were altered in males and females, possibly compromising maintenance of normal liver function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iala Milene Bertasso
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Egberto Gaspar de Moura
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Carla Bruna Pietrobon
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Suelen Silva Cabral
- Laboratory of Lipids and Lipoprotein Biochemistry, Biochemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - George Eduardo Gabriel Kluck
- Laboratory of Lipids and Lipoprotein Biochemistry, Biochemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Georgia Correa Atella
- Laboratory of Lipids and Lipoprotein Biochemistry, Biochemistry Institute, Federal University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Alex Christian Manhães
- Laboratory of Neurophysiology, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Patrícia Cristina Lisboa
- Laboratory of Endocrine Physiology, Biology Institute, State University of Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.
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