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Lin YJ, Li HM, Gao YR, Wu PF, Cheng B, Yu CL, Sheng YX, Xu HM. Environmentally relevant concentrations of benzophenones exposure disrupt intestinal homeostasis, impair the intestinal barrier, and induce inflammation in mice. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 350:123948. [PMID: 38614423 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2024.123948] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2024] [Revised: 03/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/08/2024] [Indexed: 04/15/2024]
Abstract
The aim of this study is to investigate the adverse effects of benzophenones (BPs) on the intestinal tract of mice and the potential mechanism. F1-generation ICR mice were exposed to BPs (benzophenone-1, benzophenone-2, and benzophenone-3) by breastfeeding from birth until weaning, and by drinking water after weaning until maturity. The offspring mice were executed on postnatal day 56, then their distal colons were sampled. AB-PAS staining, HE staining, immunofluorescence, Transmission Electron Microscope, immunohistochemistry, Western Blot and RT-qPCR were used to study the effects of BPs exposure on the colonic tissues of offspring mice. The results showed that colonic microvilli appeared significantly deficient in the high-dose group, and the expression of tight junction markers Zo-1 and Occludin was significantly down-regulated and the number of goblet cells and secretions were reduced in all dose groups, and the expression of secretory cell markers MUC2 and KI67 were decreased, as well as the expression of intestinal stem cell markers Lgr5 and Bmi1, suggesting that BPs exposure caused disruption of intestinal barrier and imbalance in the composition of the intestinal stem cell pool. Besides, the expression of cellular inflammatory factors such as macrophage marker F4/80 and tumor necrosis factor TNF-α was elevated in the colonic tissues of all dose groups, and the inflammatory infiltration was observed, which means the exposure of BPs caused inflammatory effects in the intestinal tract of F1-generation mice. In addition, the contents of Notch/Wnt signaling pathway-related genes, such as Dll-4, Notch1, Hes1, Ctnnb1and Sfrp2 were significantly decreased in each high-dose group (P < 0.05), suggesting that BPs may inhibit the regulation of Notch/Wnt signaling pathway. In conclusion, exposure to BPs was able to imbalance colonic homeostasis, disrupt the intestinal barrier, and trigger inflammation in the offspring mice, which might be realized through interfering with the Notch/Wnt signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Jia Lin
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China; The Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Hong-Mei Li
- The Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of the Ministry of Education, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China; School of Basic Medicine, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Yan-Rong Gao
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China; The Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Ping-Fan Wu
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China; The Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Bin Cheng
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China; The Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Chen-Long Yu
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China; The Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Yu-Xin Sheng
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China; The Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China
| | - Hai-Ming Xu
- School of Public Health, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China; The Key Laboratory of Environmental Factors and Chronic Disease Control, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, 750004, Ningxia, China.
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Zheng Y, Liu Y, Zhang Z, Hua L, Fang J, Wang L, Zhao H. A fast method for the determination of personal care product chemicals in human urine using dispersive liquid-liquid extraction and ultra high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. RAPID COMMUNICATIONS IN MASS SPECTROMETRY : RCM 2024; 38:e9684. [PMID: 38355878 DOI: 10.1002/rcm.9684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
RATIONALE Personal care product chemicals (PCPCs) are the chemicals used in personal care products. Many of them are endocrine disruptors and have potential adverse effects on humans. The concentrations of PCPCs in urine are the main biomarker for assessing human exposure. METHODS A method was developed for the simultaneous determination of 14 PCPCs in human urine using dispersive liquid-liquid extraction combined with ultra high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS). RESULTS Compared with liquid-liquid extraction, this method had the advantages of time efficiency, sensitivity, and limited organic solvent consumption. It produced good linearity (0.9965-0.9996), limits of detection (2.82-36.36 pg mL-1 ), limits of quantitation (9.39-121.08 pg mL-1 ), matrix effect (-0.90%-2.55%), intra-day precision (relative standard deviations [RSDs] <15%), and inter-day precision (RSDs <19.9%). The method had satisfactory relative recovery at three concentration levels. CONCLUSIONS A rapid method was developed for the simultaneous quantification of 14 PCPCs in human urine. The practicability of the method was verified with 21 urine from university students. It is expected that this method will provide a powerful reference for the assessment of exposure to PCPCs in large populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yawen Zheng
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Yarui Liu
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Zining Zhang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Liting Hua
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Jing Fang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Lei Wang
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Hongzhi Zhao
- Ministry of Education Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
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Rascón AJ, Rocío-Bautista P, Palacios-Colón L, Ballesteros E. Easy determination of benzophenone and its derivatives in sunscreen samples by direct-immersion solid-phase microextraction and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2023; 236:115711. [PMID: 37716277 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2023.115711] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Revised: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 09/18/2023]
Abstract
Benzophenones (BPs) absorb different sun radiation wavelengths, making them effective UVA and UVB filters, widely used in industry. In Europe, sunscreen products contain regulated amounts (6 % w/w) of benzophenone-3 (BP-3), usually combined with other filters like octocrylene. BPs are mutagens in UV radiation, and octocrylene may degrade into BPs, making their monitoring crucial. The present manuscript proposed a novel procedure based on liquid-liquid extraction followed by direct-immersion solid-phase microextraction (LLE-DI-SPME) to isolate and determine 10 BPs in sunscreen lotions with potential results. Parameters like extraction solvent, pH, adsorption, desorption time, stirring, sating effect, and presence of organic solvents were optimized and compared with different SPME fibers, being polyacrylate (PA) fiber the most effective. Detection and quantification were performed by gas chromatography-mass-spectrometry. Analytical parameters as limits of detection were 0.05-0.10 µg kg-1, while the linear range was 0.16 up to 2000 µg kg-1. In terms of recovery, the method ranged from 83 % to 103 %; the precision of the method was good in terms of relative standard deviation (RSD) from 3.2 % to 18.7 % and without a remarkable matrix effect (-15.06-8.45 %). Despite the complexity of the samples and the difficulty posed by the DI-SPME technique, the method proved robust. The proposed method successfully detected 10 BPs in 6 different sunscreen lotions. The total presence of BPs in sunscreens ranged from 165 to 931 mg kg-1, with BP-3 detected in all samples from 4.2 to 740 mg kg-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrés J Rascón
- Analytical Chemistry Research Group, Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Jaén, Campus las Lagunillas s/n, Jaén 23071, Spain.
| | - Priscilla Rocío-Bautista
- Analytical Chemistry Research Group, Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Jaén, Campus las Lagunillas s/n, Jaén 23071, Spain.
| | - Laura Palacios-Colón
- Analytical Chemistry Research Group, Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Jaén, Campus Científico Tecnológico de Linares s/n, Jaén 23700, Spain
| | - Evaristo Ballesteros
- Analytical Chemistry Research Group, Department of Physical and Analytical Chemistry, University of Jaén, Campus Científico Tecnológico de Linares s/n, Jaén 23700, Spain
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4
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Stoffmonographie für Octisalat (Octylsalicylat, Ethylhexylsalicylat, EHS) – HBM-Werte für die Metaboliten 5OH-EHS und 5cx-EPS im Urin von Erwachsenen und Kindern. Bundesgesundheitsblatt Gesundheitsforschung Gesundheitsschutz 2023; 66:580-590. [PMID: 37145328 DOI: 10.1007/s00103-023-03697-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
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5
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Recent trends in the determination of organic UV filters by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in environmental samples. Trends Analyt Chem 2023. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2023.116995] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/03/2023]
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Fagervold SK, Lebaron P. Evaluation of the degradation capacity of WWTP sludge enrichment cultures towards several organic UV filters and the isolation of octocrylene-degrading microorganisms. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2022; 826:154013. [PMID: 35189223 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.154013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Organic UV filters are present in wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) due to the use of these compounds in many personal care products (PCPs) and their subsequent release into the wastewater system from showering/bathing. Once in the wastewater system, organic UV filters generally partition into the solid phase but might also undergo other processes, such as degradation by microorganisms. To further understand the fate of organic UV filters in WWTPs, the degradation of 7 UV filters by WWTP sludge was investigated The UV filters 2-ethylhexyl salicylate (ES), homosalate (HS), butyl methoxydibenzoylmethane (BM) and octocrylene (OC) were degraded after 20-60 days. The rest of the filters tested, namely, bis-ethylhexyloxyphenol methoxyphenyl triazine (BEMT), methylene bis-benzotriazolyl tetramethylbutylphenol (MBBT) and diethylhexyl butamido triazone (DBT), did not degrade even after 120 days of incubation. The microbial community from the microcosms degrading ES, HS, OC and BM was transferred every 30 days into new microcosms to enrich for microorganisms capable of utilizing the individual UV filters for growth. The enrichment cultures continued to degrade throughout 20 transfers. The microbial community was clearly different between the enrichments degrading ES, HS, OC and BM, meaning that the microbial community was strongly influenced by the UV filter present. Furthermore, several strains were isolated from OC-degrading cultures and two of these strains, Gordonia sp. strain OC_S5 and Sphingopyxis sp. strain OC_4D, degraded OC with and without other carbon sources present. These experiments show that several organic UV filters can be degraded by a specific set of microorganisms. The lack of degradation observed for BEMT, MBBT and DBT is probably due to limited bioavailability. Indeed, this is the first biodegradation study of these filters, in addition to being the first description of ES and HS degradation in microcosm experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- S K Fagervold
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Biotechnologies Microbiennes, LBBM, Observatoire Océanologique, 66650 Banyuls-sur-mer, France.
| | - P Lebaron
- Sorbonne Université, CNRS, Laboratoire de Biodiversité et Biotechnologies Microbiennes, LBBM, Observatoire Océanologique, 66650 Banyuls-sur-mer, France
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7
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Mokh S, Nassar R, Berry A, Khatib ME, Doumiati S, Taha M, Ezzeddine R, Al Iskandarani M. Chromatographic methods for the determination of a broad spectrum of UV filters in swimming pool water. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:18605-18616. [PMID: 34697706 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-021-16970-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2021] [Accepted: 10/06/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
This paper describes an analytical approach based on solid-phase extraction (SPE) followed by analysis using liquid and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry detectors for a determination of 18 organic UV filters from water samples. Extraction method parameters were optimized: 250 ml of water sample loaded on Chromabond C18 cartridges after adjustment to pH 4 and then eluted with acetonitrile. The mobile phase and the parameters of the mass spectrometer, as well as those of the ionization source, were tested to enhance detection sensitivity. During method validation, the extracted target compounds showed good recoveries (> 68%) with acceptable values in terms of repeatability (RSDr) and reproducibility (RSDR), where relative standard deviations values were lower than 20%. The validated method was applied to 10 water samples collected from different swimming pools located in Lebanon from which eight UV filters among the eighteen targets compounds were detected at concentrations ranged between 1 and 2526 µg L-1. The most detected compounds were padimate-O (OD-PABA) and octocrylene (OCR). This study represents the first available data on the occurrence of UV filter residues in Lebanese swimming pool opening hence future perspectives and insights to evaluate their degradation by-products and their toxicity on human health and marine ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samia Mokh
- National Council for Scientific Research (CNRS) - Lebanese Atomic Energy Commission (LAEC) - Laboratory for Analysis of Organic Compound (LACO) Airport Road, P.O. Box 11-8281, Beirut, Lebanon.
- Faculty of Public Health I, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon.
| | - Rania Nassar
- Faculty of Public Health I, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon
| | | | - Mohammad El Khatib
- Faculty of Biosciences, Agro-Food and Environmental Technologies, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Samah Doumiati
- Faculty of Public Health I, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon
| | - Mariam Taha
- Faculty of Public Health I, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon
| | - Raed Ezzeddine
- Faculty of Public Health I, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon
| | - Mohamad Al Iskandarani
- National Council for Scientific Research (CNRS) - Lebanese Atomic Energy Commission (LAEC) - Laboratory for Analysis of Organic Compound (LACO) Airport Road, P.O. Box 11-8281, Beirut, Lebanon.
- Faculty of Public Health I, Lebanese University, Hadath, Lebanon.
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8
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Wejnerowska G, Narloch I. Determination of Benzophenones in Water and Cosmetics Samples: A Comparison of Solid-Phase Extraction and Microextraction by Packed Sorbent Methods. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26226896. [PMID: 34833988 PMCID: PMC8621114 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26226896] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Revised: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 11/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Benzophenones (BPs) are extensively used in a wide variety of cosmetic products and other materials (e.g., textiles or plastics) to avoid damaging effects of UV radiation. In the present work, we compared two extraction methods for the determination of BPs, namely, 2,4-dihydroxybenzophenone (BP-1), 2-hydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone (BP-3) and 2,2-dihydroxy-4-methoxybenzophenone (BP-8), in water and cosmetics samples. The following extraction methods were used for the research: solid-phase extraction (SPE) and microextraction by packed sorbent (MEPS), whereas analysis was performed by gas chromatography with mass spectrometric detection. A comparison between the methods indicates that the MEPS technique(s) can be reliably used for analysis of BPs (sunscreen residue) in water samples and cosmetic samples with satisfactory results. This microextraction technique is cheap, easy, quick to implement, and consumes small amounts of solvents. On the other hand, the main advantage of the SPE method are low detection limits for the determination of BPs in water samples, i.e., from 0.034 to 0.067 µg L−1, while, for the MEPS method, LODs were at the level of 1.8–3.2 µg L−1. For both methods, the recoveries of BPs were 96–107% and 44–70% for water and cosmetics samples, respectively. The presented methods are suitable for use in cosmetics quality control and environmental pollution assessment.
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9
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Zhan T, Cui S, Liu X, Zhang C, Huang YMM, Zhuang S. Enhanced Disrupting Effect of Benzophenone-1 Chlorination Byproducts to the Androgen Receptor: Cell-Based Assays and Gaussian Accelerated Molecular Dynamics Simulations. Chem Res Toxicol 2021; 34:1140-1149. [PMID: 33684284 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.1c00023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Benzophenone-1 (BP-1), one of the commonly used ultraviolet filters, has caused increasing public concern due to frequently detected residues in environmental and recreational waters. Its susceptibility to residual chlorine and the potential to subsequently trigger endocrine disruption remain unknown. We herein investigated the chlorination of BP-1 in swimming pool water and evaluated the endocrine disruption toward the human androgen receptor (AR). The structures of monochlorinated (P1) and dichlorinated (P2) products were separated and characterized by mass spectrometry and 1H-1H NMR correlation spectroscopy. P1 and P2 exhibited significantly higher antiandrogenic activity in yeast two-hybrid assays (EC50, 6.13 μM and 9.30 μM) than did BP-1 (12.89 μM). Our 350 ns Gaussian accelerated molecular dynamics simulations showed the protein dynamics in a long-time scale equilibrium, and further energy calculations revealed that although increased hydrophobic interactions are primarily responsible for enhanced binding affinities between chlorinated products and the AR ligand binding domain, the second chloride in P2 still hinders the complex motion because of the solvation penalty. The mixture of BP-1-P1-P2 elicited additive antiandrogenic activity, well fitted by the concentration addition model. P1 and P2 at 1 μM consequently downregulated the mRNA expression of AR-regulated genes, NKX3.1 and KLK3, by 1.7-9.1-fold in androgen-activated LNCaP cells. Because chlorination of BP-1 occurs naturally by residual chlorine in aquatic environments, our results regarding enhanced antiandrogenic activity and disturbed AR signaling provided evidence linking the use of personal care products with potential health risks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingjie Zhan
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Shixuan Cui
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Xujun Liu
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
| | - Chunlong Zhang
- Department of Environmental Sciences, University of Houston, Clear Lake,Texas 77058, United States
| | - Yu-Ming M Huang
- Department of Physics and Astronomy, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, United States
| | - Shulin Zhuang
- Key Laboratory of Environment Remediation and Ecological Health, Ministry of Education, College of Environmental and Resource Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310058, China
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Prakash V, Anbumani S. A Systematic Review on Occurrence and Ecotoxicity of Organic UV Filters in Aquatic Organisms. REVIEWS OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2021; 257:121-161. [PMID: 34554327 DOI: 10.1007/398_2021_68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
The growing production of cosmetic products such as organic UV filters (OUVFs) in recent years has raised concern regarding their safety to human and environmental health. The inability of wastewater treatment plants in removing these chemical entities and their high octanol-water partition coefficient values tend to result in the persistence of OUVFs in several environmental matrices, leading these to be categorized as "emerging environmental contaminants" because of their unknown risk. Besides aquatic ecosystem contamination, the application of sludge disposal equally threatens terrestrial biota. Besides, the available reviews focusing on levels of OUVFs in aqueous systems (freshwater and marine), instrumental analysis from various samples, and specific toxicity effects, compiled information on the ecotoxicity of OUVFs is currently lacking. Hence, the present manuscript systematically reviews the ecotoxicity of OUVFs in freshwater and marine organisms occupying lower to higher trophic levels, including the underlying mechanisms of action and current knowledge gaps. The available scientific evidence suggests that OUVFs are a prime candidate for environmental concern due to their potential toxic effects. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first document detailing the toxicological effects of OUVFs in aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ved Prakash
- Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Sadasivam Anbumani
- Ecotoxicology Laboratory, Regulatory Toxicology Group, CSIR-Indian Institute of Toxicology Research, Lucknow, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India.
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Emnet P, Mahaliyana AS, Northcott G, Gaw S. Organic Micropollutants in Wastewater Effluents and the Receiving Coastal Waters, Sediments, and Biota of Lyttelton Harbour (Te Whakaraupō), New Zealand. ARCHIVES OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2020; 79:461-477. [PMID: 33128586 DOI: 10.1007/s00244-020-00760-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/15/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
Coastal ecosystems are receiving environments for micropollutants due to high levels of associated anthropogenic activities. Effluent discharges from wastewater treatment plants are a significant source of micropollutants to coastal environments. Wastewater effluents, seawater, sediments, and green-lipped mussels (Perna canaliculus) in Lyttelton Harbour (Te Whakaraupō), Christchurch, New Zealand, were analysed for a suite of personal care products and steroid hormones during a 1-year period. In wastewater effluents, the concentration of methyl paraben (mParaben), ethyl paraben (eParaben), propyl paraben (pParaben), butyl paraben (bParaben), 4-t-octylphenol (OP), 4-methylbenzylidene camphor (4-MBC), benzophenone-3 (BP-3), benzophenone-1 (BP-1), triclosan, methyl triclosan (mTric), Bisphenol A (BPA), Estrone (E1), 17β-estradiol (E2), 17α-ethinyl estradiol (EE2), and Estriol (E3) ranged from < 0.6 to 429 ng L-1 and was dominated by OP, 4-MBC, BP-3, triclosan, BP-1, and BPA. In seawater, 4-MBC, BP-3, BPA, and E1 were the most frequently detected contaminants (< 0.2-9.4 ng L-1). Coastal sediment samples contained mParaben, OP, 4-MBC, BP-3, BP-1, BPA, OMC, and E1 (< 0.2-11 ng g-1 d.w.), and mParaben, OP, and BP-3 were found to bioaccumulate (3.8-21.3 ng g-1 d.w.) in green lipped mussels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Emnet
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
- ibacon GmbH, Arheilger Weg 17, 64380, Rossdorf, Germany
| | - Anjula Sachintha Mahaliyana
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand
- Uva Wellassa University of Sri Lanka, Passara Rd, Badulla, 90000, Sri Lanka
| | - Grant Northcott
- Northcott Research Consultants Limited, 20 River Oaks Place, Hamilton, 3200, New Zealand
| | - Sally Gaw
- School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, University of Canterbury, Private Bag 4800, Christchurch, 8140, New Zealand.
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12
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Bodur S, Borahan T, Ates N, Bakırdere S. Sensitive Determination of Acetochlor, Alachlor, Metolachlor and Fenthion Utilizing Mechanical Shaking Assisted Dispersive Liquid-Liquid Microextraction Prior to Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2020; 105:460-467. [PMID: 32839840 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-020-02965-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 08/13/2020] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A green, sensitive and accurate dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction (DLLME) method was used to preconcentrate four selected pesticides in dam lake water samples for determination by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Conditions of the DLLME method were comprehensively investigated and optimized according to type/volume of extraction solvent, type/volume of dispersive solvent, and type/period of mixing. The developed method was validated according to the limits of detection and quantitation, accuracy, precision and linearity. Under the optimum conditions, limit of detection values calculated for alachlor, acetochlor, metolachlor and fenthion were 1.7, 1.7, 0.2 and 7.8 µg/kg (mass based), respectively. The method recorded 202, 104, 275 and 165 folds improvement in detection power values for acetochlor, alachlor, metolachlor and fenthion, respectively, when compared with direct GC-MS measurements. In order to evaluate the accuracy of the developed method, real sample application with spiking experiments was performed on dam lake water samples, and satisfactory percent recovery results in the range of 81%-120% were obtained.
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Affiliation(s)
- Süleyman Bodur
- Chemistry Department, Yıldız Technical University, 34210, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Tülay Borahan
- Chemistry Department, Yıldız Technical University, 34210, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Nuray Ates
- Environmental Engineering Department, Engineering Faculty, Erciyes University, 38039, Kayseri, Turkey.
| | - Sezgin Bakırdere
- Chemistry Department, Yıldız Technical University, 34210, Istanbul, Turkey.
- Turkish Academy of Sciences (TÜBA), Piyade Street No: 27, Çankaya, 06690, Ankara, Turkey.
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13
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Xue L, Chen L, Dong J, Cai L, Wang Y, Chen X. Dispersive liquid-liquid microextraction coupled with surface enhanced Raman scattering for the rapid detection of sodium benzoate. Talanta 2020; 208:120360. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2019.120360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2019] [Revised: 09/03/2019] [Accepted: 09/14/2019] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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14
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Guo Q, Wei D, Zhao H, Du Y. Predicted no-effect concentrations determination and ecological risk assessment for benzophenone-type UV filters in aquatic environment. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 256:113460. [PMID: 31685328 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2019.113460] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Benzophenones (BPs), a group of widely used ultraviolet filters, have been frequently detected out in multiple environment matrices even in organism bodies. Although a variety of toxicological effects of BPs have been disclosed recently, it is barely to evaluate the potential ecological risk of BPs due to lack of reference criteria. Therefore, the determination of predicted no-effect concentration (PNEC) values is necessary for assessing ecological risk of BPs and for protecting safety of aquatic organisms. The toxicological data of 14 BPs from both in vivo tests on aquatic organisms and in vitro tests on strains/cell lines were collected from previous reports, and two methods including assessment factor (AF) and species sensitivity distribution (SSD) were applied to calculate PNECs, respectively. Four groups of PNECs were obtained and compared, a final PNEC value was recommended for each BP based on reliable and conservative consideration. With these PNECs values, the risk quotients of 8 BPs from 35 ambient freshwater samples were calculated, the results demonstrated that 3 BPs including 2,2',4,4'-tetrahydroxyl-BP, 2-hydroxyl-4-methoxyl- BP, and 2-hydroxyl-4-methoxyl-5-sulfonic acid-BP exhibited high ecological risk, and the ecological risk posed by BPs in River Tiff in UK was great. It is anticipated that these results would provide useful reference for assessing and managing BP-type compounds, and for selecting toxicity data and methods to derive PNECs for emerging contaminants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiaorong Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Dongbin Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Huimin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yuguo Du
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100085, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
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15
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Luo J, Liu T, Zhang D, Yin K, Wang D, Zhang W, Liu C, Yang C, Wei Y, Wang L, Luo S, Crittenden JC. The individual and Co-exposure degradation of benzophenone derivatives by UV/H 2O 2 and UV/PDS in different water matrices. WATER RESEARCH 2019; 159:102-110. [PMID: 31082641 DOI: 10.1016/j.watres.2019.05.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2019] [Revised: 04/11/2019] [Accepted: 05/05/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Benzophenone derivatives, including benzophenone-1 (C13H10O3, BP1), benzophenone-3 (C14H12O3, BP3) and benzophenone-8 (C14H12O4, BP8), that used as UV filters are currently viewed as emerging contaminants. Degradation behaviors on co-exposure benzophenone derivatives using UV-driven advanced oxidation processes under different aqueous environments are still unknown. In this study, the degradation behavior of mixed benzophenone derivatives via UV/H2O2 and UV/peroxydisulfate (PDS), in different water matrices (surface water, hydrolyzed urine and seawater) were systematically examined. In surface water, the attack of BP3 by hydroxyl radicals (HO∙) or carbonate radicals (CO3∙-) in UV/H2O2 can generate BP8, which was responsible for the relatively high degradation rate of BP3. Intermediates from BP3 and BP8 in UV/PDS were susceptible to CO3∙-, bringing inhibition of BP1 degradation. In hydrolyzed urine, Cl- was shown the negligible effect for benzophenone derivatives degradation due to low concentration of reactive chlorine species (RCS). Meanwhile, BP3 abatement was excessively inhibited during co-exposure pattern. In seawater, non-first-order kinetic behavior for BP3 and BP8 was found during UV/PDS treatment. Based on modeling, Br- was the sink for HO∙, and the co-existence of Br- and Cl- was the sink for SO4∙-. The cost-effective treatment toward target compounds removal in different water matrices was further evaluated using EE/O. In most cases, UV/H2O2 process is more economically competitive than UV/PDS process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinming Luo
- Brook Byers Institute for Sustainable Systems and School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 828 West Peachtree Street, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States
| | - Tongcai Liu
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Danyu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Kai Yin
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China.
| | - Dong Wang
- Brook Byers Institute for Sustainable Systems and School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 828 West Peachtree Street, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States
| | - Weiqiu Zhang
- Brook Byers Institute for Sustainable Systems and School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 828 West Peachtree Street, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States
| | - Chengbin Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Chunping Yang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Yuanfeng Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Longlu Wang
- College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China; State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - Shenglian Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Chemo/Biosensing and Chemometrics, Hunan University, Changsha, 410082, PR China
| | - John C Crittenden
- Brook Byers Institute for Sustainable Systems and School of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, 828 West Peachtree Street, Atlanta, GA 30332, United States
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16
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Wang H, Du J, Zhen Q, Zhang R, Wang X, Du X. Selective solid-phase microextraction of ultraviolet filters in environmental water with oriented ZnO nanosheets coated nickel-titanium alloy fibers followed by high performance liquid chromatography with UV detection. Talanta 2019; 191:193-201. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2018.08.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2018] [Revised: 07/06/2018] [Accepted: 08/24/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
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17
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Ziemblińska-Bernart J, Nowak I, Rykowska I. Fast dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction based on magnetic retrieval of in situ formed an ionic liquid for the preconcentration and determination of benzophenone-type UV filters from environmental water samples. JOURNAL OF THE IRANIAN CHEMICAL SOCIETY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s13738-018-1543-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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18
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Chisvert A, Benedé JL, Salvador A. Current trends on the determination of organic UV filters in environmental water samples based on microextraction techniques – A review. Anal Chim Acta 2018; 1034:22-38. [DOI: 10.1016/j.aca.2018.05.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
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19
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García-Córcoles MT, Rodríguez-Gómez R, de Alarcón-Gómez B, Çipa M, Martín-Pozo L, Kauffmann JM, Zafra-Gómez A. Chromatographic Methods for the Determination of Emerging Contaminants in Natural Water and Wastewater Samples: A Review. Crit Rev Anal Chem 2018; 49:160-186. [DOI: 10.1080/10408347.2018.1496010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- M. T. García-Córcoles
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Research Group of Analytical Chemistry and Life Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - R. Rodríguez-Gómez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Research Group of Analytical Chemistry and Life Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Laboratory of Instrumental Analysis and Bioelectrochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - B. de Alarcón-Gómez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Research Group of Analytical Chemistry and Life Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - M. Çipa
- Department of Chemistry, University of Tirana, Tirana, Albania
| | | | - J.-M. Kauffmann
- Laboratory of Instrumental Analysis and Bioelectrochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Université libre de Bruxelles, Brussels, Belgium
| | - A. Zafra-Gómez
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Research Group of Analytical Chemistry and Life Sciences, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
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20
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Ziarrusta H, Mijangos L, Montes R, Rodil R, Anakabe E, Izagirre U, Prieto A, Etxebarria N, Olivares M, Zuloaga O. Study of bioconcentration of oxybenzone in gilt-head bream and characterization of its by-products. CHEMOSPHERE 2018; 208:399-407. [PMID: 29885506 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.05.154] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2018] [Revised: 05/23/2018] [Accepted: 05/24/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The widespread occurrence of UV filters such as oxybenzone (OXY) in the aquatic ecosystems has raised social and scientific concern due to their high bioaccumulation potential and possible adverse effects in organisms. Within this context, the aim of the present work was to study the uptake, distribution, metabolization and elimination of OXY in different tissues (liver, gill and muscle) and biofluids (bile and plasma) of gilt-head bream (Sparus aurata) in a controlled seawater ecosystem (50 ng/mL OXY) within a 14-day exposure. The highest OXY concentrations in all the tissue/biofluids were found at the end of the experiment. The highest OXY levels were found in bile (1.8-17 μg/mL). In the case of liver, the concentrations found (9-160 ng/g) were lower than those expected for a lipidic matrix, which could be explained by a high OXY metabolization. Up to 20 Phase I and Phase II by-products of OXY were annotated by means of liquid chromatography-high resolution mass spectrometry, of which 12 were reported for the first time. In addition to OXY, its by-products might also cause adverse effects and their biomonitoring is advisable in order to fully characterize OXY exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haizea Ziarrusta
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain.
| | - Leire Mijangos
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Rosa Montes
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Rosario Rodil
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of Santiago de Compostela (USC), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Eneritz Anakabe
- Department of Organic Chemistry II, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Urtzi Izagirre
- Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Ailette Prieto
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Nestor Etxebarria
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Maitane Olivares
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
| | - Olatz Zuloaga
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Leioa, Basque Country, Spain; Research Centre for Experimental Marine Biology and Biotechnology (PIE), University of the Basque Country (UPV/EHU), Plentzia, Basque Country, Spain
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21
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Insight into the Degradation of Two Benzophenone-Type UV Filters by the UV/H2O2 Advanced Oxidation Process. WATER 2018. [DOI: 10.3390/w10091238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Environmental problems caused by UV filters, a group of emerging contaminants, have attracted much attention. The removal of two typical UV filters benzophenone (BP) and 4,4′-dihydroxy-benzophenone (HBP) in water was investigated by the UV/H2O2 process. The response surface methodology (RSM) and central composite design (CCD) were applied to investigate the effects of the process parameters on the degradation rate constants, including the initial contaminant concentration, H2O2 dose, and UV light intensity. BP is more easily degraded by the UV/H2O2 process. Both processes followed pseudo-first-order kinetics. The results obtained with the built RSM model are in accordance with the experimental results (adjusted coefficients R2(adj)= 0.9835 and 0.9778 for BP and HBP, respectively). For both processes, the initial contaminant concentration (exerting a negative effect) were the most important factors controlling the degradation, followed by H2O2 dose and UV intensity (exerting positive effects). A total of 15 BP degradation products and 13 HBP degradation products during the UV/H2O2 process were identified by LC/MS and GC/MS. A series of OH radical irritated reactions, including hydroxylation, carboxylation, and ring cleavage, led to the final degradation of BP and HBP. Degradation pathways of BP and HBP were also proposed. On the whole, this work is a unique contribution to the systematic elucidation of BP and HBP degradation by the UV/H2O2 process.
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22
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Development and optimization of a solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry methodology to analyse ultraviolet filters in beach sand. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1564:59-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Revised: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 06/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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23
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Vila M, Llompart M, Garcia-Jares C, Dagnac T. Different miniaturized extraction methodologies followed by GC-MS/MS analysis for the determination of UV filters in beach sand. J Sep Sci 2018; 41:3449-3458. [PMID: 29995352 DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201800203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2018] [Revised: 05/29/2018] [Accepted: 06/28/2018] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Abstract
Four different miniaturized methodologies were developed and applied to the analysis of 11 UV filters in sand samples. These approaches were based on ultrasound and vortex extractions, on-column lixiviation, and ultrasound extraction followed by solid-phase microextraction. Gas chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry was used for quantitative analysis. The analytical performance provided by the four methods was evaluated in terms of linearity, accuracy, precision, and limits of quantification. Lixiviation was discarded since it provided the lowest recoveries and the highest limits of quantification. In contrast, ultrasound and vortex extractions, and ultrasound extraction followed by solid-phase microextraction were suitable, with recoveries in general >85% and limits of quantification at the low ng/g level. Moreover, ultrasound extraction followed by solid-phase microextraction allowed using external calibration with aqueous standards and it provided higher sensitivity, with limits of quantification in general one order of magnitude lower than those achieved with the other techniques. The methodologies were applied for the analysis of four marine sand samples, and the results were statistically compared performing an analysis of variance. Eight out of the eleven target UV filters were detected. Octocrylene was found at very high concentrations (up to 1000 ng/g) followed by ethylhexyl salicylate, 4-methylbenzylidene camphor, homosalate, and 2-ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Vila
- Laboratory of Research and Development of Analytical Solutions, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Maria Llompart
- Laboratory of Research and Development of Analytical Solutions, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Carmen Garcia-Jares
- Laboratory of Research and Development of Analytical Solutions, Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Chemistry, Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Thierry Dagnac
- Agronomic and Agrarian Research Centre (INGACAL-CIAM),, Unit of Organic Contaminants, A Coruña, Spain
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24
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Vosough M, Hassanbeigi Z, Salemi A. Determination of ultraviolet filter compounds in environmental water samples using membrane-protected micro-solid-phase extraction. J Sep Sci 2018; 41:2401-2410. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201701082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2017] [Revised: 02/15/2018] [Accepted: 02/15/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Maryam Vosough
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran; Tehran Iran
| | - Zahra Hassanbeigi
- Chemistry and Chemical Engineering Research Center of Iran; Tehran Iran
| | - Amir Salemi
- Environmental Sciences Research Institute; Shahid Beheshti University; Tehran Iran
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25
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Trujillo-Rodríguez MJ, Nan H, Anderson JL. Expanding the use of polymeric ionic liquids in headspace solid-phase microextraction: Determination of ultraviolet filters in water samples. J Chromatogr A 2018; 1540:11-20. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2018.01.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Revised: 01/23/2018] [Accepted: 01/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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26
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Ahmadi F, Sparham C, Pawliszyn J. A flow-through aqueous standard generation system for thin film microextraction investigations of UV filters and biocides partitioning to different environmental compartments. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 230:663-673. [PMID: 28715771 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2017.06.092] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Revised: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 06/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
In this paper problems associated with preparation of aqueous standard of highly hydrophobic compounds such as partial precipitation, being lost on the surfaces, low solubility in water and limited sample volume for accurate determination of their distribution coefficients are addressed. The following work presents two approaches that utilize blade thin film microextraction (TFME) to investigate partitioning of UV filters and biocides to humic acid (dissolved organic carbon) and sediment. A steady-state concentration of target analytes in water was generated using a flow-through aqueous standard generation (ASG) system. Dialysis membranes, a polytetrafluoroethylene permeation tube, and a frit porous (0.5 μm) coated by epoxy glue were basic elements used for preparation of the ASG system. In the currently presented study, negligible depletion TFME using hydrophilic-lipophilic balance (HLB) and octadecyl silica-based (C18) sorbents was employed towards the attainment of free concentration values of target analytes in the studied matrices. Thin film geometry provided a large volume of extraction phase, which improved the sensitivity of the method towards highly matrix-bound analytes. Extractions were performed in the equilibrium regime so as to prevent matrix effects and with aims to reach maximum method sensitivity for all analytes under study. Partitioning of analytes on dissolved organic carbon (DOC) was investigated in ASG to facilitate large sample volume conditions. Binding percentages and DOC distribution coefficients (Log KDOC) ranged from 20 to 98% and 3.71-6.72, respectively. Furthermore, sediment-water partition coefficients (Kd), organic-carbon normalized partition coefficients (Log KOC), and DOC distribution coefficients (Log KDOC) were investigated in slurry sediment, and ranged from 33 to 2860, 3.31-5.24 and 4.52-5.75 Lkg-1, respectively. The obtained results demonstrated that investigations utilizing ASG and TFME can yield reliable binding information for compounds with high log KOW values. This information is useful for study of fate, transport, and ecotoxicological effects of UV filters and biocides in aquatic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fardin Ahmadi
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada
| | - Chris Sparham
- Unilever, Safety & Environmental Assurance Centre, Colworth Science Park, Sharnbrook, Bedford, MK44 1LQ, UK
| | - Janusz Pawliszyn
- Department of Chemistry, University of Waterloo, 200 University Avenue West, Waterloo, Ontario, N2L 3G1, Canada.
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27
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Vila M, Celeiro M, Lamas JP, Garcia-Jares C, Dagnac T, Llompart M. Simultaneous in-vial acetylation solid-phase microextraction followed by gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry for the analysis of multiclass organic UV filters in water. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2017; 323:45-55. [PMID: 27421980 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2016.06.056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2016] [Revised: 06/15/2016] [Accepted: 06/27/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
UV filters are a class of emerging contaminants that are widely used in personal care products (PCPs) and that can be detected at low concentrations in the aquatic environment (ngL-1). Sensitive modern analytical methods are then mandatory to accurately analyze them. A methodology based on solid-phase-microextraction (SPME), considered as a 'Green Chemistry' technique, followed by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (GC-MS/MS) has been developed for the simultaneous analysis of 14 UV filters of different chemical nature in environmental and recreational waters. In-vial low-cost derivatization was carried out to improve chromatographic performance of phenolic compounds. The extraction parameters (fiber coating, extraction mode, and salt addition) were optimized by means of experimental designs in order to achieve reliable conditions. Finally, the SPME-GC-MS/MS method was validated in terms of linearity, accuracy and precision with LODs in the low ngL-1 level. Its application to the analysis of 28 different samples including sea, river, spa, swimming pool, and aquapark waters, enabled the detection of 11 target UV filters at concentration levels up to 540μgL-1, highlighting the presence of OCR in all analyzed samples and of 2EHMC (proposed to be considered as priority pollutant) in 79% of them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marlene Vila
- Laboratory of Research and Development of Analytical Solutions (LIDSA), Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Chemistry, Campus Vida, University of Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Maria Celeiro
- Laboratory of Research and Development of Analytical Solutions (LIDSA), Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Chemistry, Campus Vida, University of Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - J Pablo Lamas
- Laboratory of Research and Development of Analytical Solutions (LIDSA), Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Chemistry, Campus Vida, University of Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Carmen Garcia-Jares
- Laboratory of Research and Development of Analytical Solutions (LIDSA), Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Chemistry, Campus Vida, University of Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Thierry Dagnac
- Galician Institute for Food Quality, Agronomic and Agrarian Research Centre (INGACAL-CIAM), Unit of Organic Contaminants, E-15080 A Coruña, Spain
| | - Maria Llompart
- Laboratory of Research and Development of Analytical Solutions (LIDSA), Department of Analytical Chemistry, Nutrition and Food Science, Faculty of Chemistry, Campus Vida, University of Santiago de Compostela, E-15782 Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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28
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Toriba A, Homma C, Kita M, Uozaki W, Boongla Y, Orakij W, Tang N, Kameda T, Hayakawa K. Simultaneous determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon quinones by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, following a one-pot reductive trimethylsilyl derivatization. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1459:89-100. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.06.034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 06/11/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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29
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Zhou W, Wang PG, Wittenberg JB, Rua D, Krynitsky AJ. Simultaneous determination of cosmetics ingredients in nail products by fast gas chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2016; 1446:134-40. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2016] [Revised: 03/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/01/2016] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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30
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Camino-Sánchez F, Zafra-Gómez A, Dorival-García N, Juárez-Jiménez B, Vílchez J. Determination of selected parabens, benzophenones, triclosan and triclocarban in agricultural soils after and before treatment with compost from sewage sludge: A lixiviation study. Talanta 2016; 150:415-24. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.12.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2015] [Revised: 12/02/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Molins-Delgado D, Gago-Ferrero P, Díaz-Cruz MS, Barceló D. Single and joint ecotoxicity data estimation of organic UV filters and nanomaterials toward selected aquatic organisms. Urban groundwater risk assessment. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2016; 145:126-134. [PMID: 26674115 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2015.11.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 11/23/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The hazardous potential of organic UV filters (UV-Fs) is becoming an issue of great concern due to the widespread application of these compounds in most daily-use goods, such as hygiene and beauty products. Nanomaterials (NMs) have also been used in personal care products (PCPs) for many years. Nowadays, both classes of chemicals are considered environmental emerging contaminants. Despite some studies performed in vitro and in vivo reported adverse effects of many UV-Fs on the normal development of organisms, there is scarce data regarding acute and chronic toxicity. The aim of the present study was to determine the EC50 values of selected UV-Fs using standardised toxicity assays on three aquatic species i.e. Daphnia magna, Raphidocelis subcapitata and Vibrio fischeri. EC50 values obtained were in the mgl(-1) range for all the species. The estimated toxicity data allowed us to assess the environmental risk posed by selected UV-Fs in urban groundwater from Barcelona (Spain). The calculated ecological risk indicated a negligible impact on the aquifer. Giving the increasing importance of studying mixtures of pollutants and due to the widespread presence of nanomaterials (NMs) in the aquatic environment, other objective of this work was to explore the response on D. magna after exposure to both binary combinations of UV-Fs among them and UV-F with NMs. In all cases but the nano-silver mixtures, joint toxicity was mitigated or even eradicated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Molins-Delgado
- Dept. of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Pablo Gago-Ferrero
- Dept. of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain
| | - M Silvia Díaz-Cruz
- Dept. of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain.
| | - Damià Barceló
- Dept. of Environmental Chemistry, IDAEA-CSIC, Jordi Girona 18-26, E-08034 Barcelona, Spain; Catalan Institute for Water Research (ICRA), Parc Científic i Tecnològic de la Universitat de Girona, C/ Emili Grahit, 101 Edifici H2O, E-17003 Girona, Spain
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Ultrasound-assisted emulsification microextraction followed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and gas chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry for the analysis of UV filters in water. Microchem J 2016. [DOI: 10.1016/j.microc.2015.09.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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33
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Ramos S, Homem V, Alves A, Santos L. A review of organic UV-filters in wastewater treatment plants. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2016; 86:24-44. [PMID: 26479831 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2015.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 162] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2015] [Revised: 10/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/07/2015] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
UV-filters are a group of compounds which have been massively used in the past years due to the recent concerns with sunburns, premature skin ageing and the risk of developing skin cancer, related to sun exposure. At the moment, these compounds have been identified by the scientific community as emerging pollutants, due to their persistence in the environment, potential to accumulate in biota and potential threat as endocrine disruptors. At some point, the majority of sunscreens will find their way into wastewater (due to bathing and washing activities) and because wastewater treatment plants (WWTPs) are not able to remove and/or degrade them, consequently they find their way into rivers, lakes and ocean, so it is not surprising that UV-filters are found in the environment. Therefore, wastewater treatment plants should be the focus of the scientific community aiming to better understand the fate of the UV-filters and develop new technologies to remove them from wastewater and sludge. This review, aims to provide the current state of the art in the occurrence and fate of UV-filters in wastewater treatment plants and how the technologies that are being used are successfully removing these compounds from both wastewater and sludge.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ramos
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Vera Homem
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Arminda Alves
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Lúcia Santos
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
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Levchyk V, Zui M. Solid-phase microextraction of benzophenones coupled with gas chromatography analysis. FRENCH-UKRAINIAN JOURNAL OF CHEMISTRY 2016. [DOI: 10.17721/fujcv4i2p55-62] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
In this study, solid-phase microextraction method combines with gas chromatography-flame ionization detector. The proposed method is used for the preconcentration of some benzophenones. Influence of different factors on the efficiency of extraction is described in detail. The analytical procedure was optimized for fiber coating selection, extraction time, temperature, sample pH, ionic strength. For all benzophenones, the highest enrichment factors were achieved using carboxen/polydimethylsiloxane/divinylbenzene fibre immersed directly into the water samples, containing 100 mg/mL of sodium chloride, at room temperature. The optimum pH range is 5.0 – 7.0. The relative standard deviations (RSDs) were from 1.3 to 10.0 % (n = 3). The method was applied to the determination of benzophenone, benzophenone-3, 2-hydroxybenzophenone in the lake water and urine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - M. Zui
- Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv
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35
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Determination of ultraviolet filters in bathing waters by stir bar sorptive–dispersive microextraction coupled to thermal desorption–gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Talanta 2016; 147:246-52. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2015.09.054] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2015] [Revised: 09/21/2015] [Accepted: 09/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
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36
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da Silva CP, Emídio ES, de Marchi MRR. The occurrence of UV filters in natural and drinking water in São Paulo State (Brazil). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:19706-19715. [PMID: 26278906 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5174-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 08/06/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Ultraviolet (UV) filters are widely used in the formulation of personal care products (PCPs) to prevent damage to the skin, lips, and hair caused by excessive UV radiation. Therefore, large amounts of these substances are released daily into the aquatic environment through either recreational activities or the release of domestic sewage. The concern regarding the presence of such substances in the environment and the exposure of aquatic organisms is based on their potential for bioaccumulation and their potential as endocrine disruptors. Although there are several reports regarding the occurrence and fate of UV filters in the aquatic environment, these compounds are still overlooked in tropical areas. In this study, we investigated the occurrence of the organic UV filters benzophenone-3 (BP-3), ethylhexyl salicylate (ES), ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate (EHMC), and octocrylene (OC) in six water treatment plants in various cities in Southeast Brazil over a period of 6 months to 1 year. All of the UV filters studied were detected at some time during the sampling period; however, only EHMC and BP-3 were found in quantifiable concentrations, ranging from 55 to 101 and 18 to 115 ng L(-1), respectively. Seasonal variation of BP-3 was most clearly noticed in the water treatment plant in Araraquara, São Paulo, where sampling was performed for 12 months. BP-3 was not quantifiable in winter but was quantifiable in summer. The levels of BP-3 were in the same range in raw, treated and chlorinated water, indicating that the compound was not removed by the water treatment process.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Pereira da Silva
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Chemistry Institute, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Araraquara, SP, 14801-970, Brazil.
| | - Elissandro Soares Emídio
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Chemistry Institute, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Araraquara, SP, 14801-970, Brazil.
| | - Mary Rosa Rodrigues de Marchi
- Analytical Chemistry Department, Chemistry Institute, São Paulo State University-UNESP, Araraquara, SP, 14801-970, Brazil.
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37
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Chung WH, Tzing SH, Ding WH. Optimization of dispersive micro solid-phase extraction for the rapid determination of benzophenone-type ultraviolet absorbers in aqueous samples. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1411:17-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.07.106] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2015] [Revised: 07/29/2015] [Accepted: 07/31/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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38
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Ramos S, Homem V, Alves A, Santos L. Advances in analytical methods and occurrence of organic UV-filters in the environment--A review. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2015; 526:278-311. [PMID: 25965372 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2015.04.055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 202] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2015] [Revised: 04/14/2015] [Accepted: 04/14/2015] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
UV-filters are a group of compounds designed mainly to protect skin against UVA and UVB radiation, but they are also included in plastics, furniture, etc., to protect products from light damage. Their massive use in sunscreens for skin protection has been increasing due to the awareness of the chronic and acute effects of UV radiation. Some organic UV-filters have raised significant concerns in the past few years for their continuous usage, persistent input and potential threat to ecological environment and human health. UV-filters end up in wastewater and because wastewater treatment plants are not efficient in removing them, lipophilic compounds tend to sorb onto sludge and hydrophilics end up in river water, contaminating the existing biota. To better understand the risk associated with UV-filters in the environment a thorough review regarding their physicochemical properties, toxicity and environmental degradation, analytical methods and their occurrence was conducted. Higher UV-filter concentrations were found in rivers, reaching 0.3mg/L for the most studied family, the benzophenone derivatives. Concentrations in the ng to μg/L range were also detected for the p-aminobenzoic acid, cinnamate, crylene and benzoyl methane derivatives in lake and sea water. Although at lower levels (few ng/L), UV-filters were also found in tap and groundwater. Swimming pool water is also a sink for UV-filters and its chlorine by-products, at the μg/L range, highlighting the benzophenone and benzimidazole derivatives. Soils and sediments are not frequently studied, but concentrations in the μg/L range have already been found especially for the benzophenone and crylene derivatives. Aquatic biota is frequently studied and UV-filters are found in the ng/g-dw range with higher values for fish and mussels. It has been concluded that more information regarding UV-filter degradation studies both in water and sediments is necessary and environmental occurrences should be monitored more frequently and deeply.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sara Ramos
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Vera Homem
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal.
| | - Arminda Alves
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
| | - Lúcia Santos
- LEPABE - Laboratory for Process Engineering, Environment, Biotechnology and Energy, Faculty of Engineering, University of Porto, Rua Dr. Roberto Frias, 4200-465 Porto, Portugal
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39
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Vila M, Lamas JP, Garcia-Jares C, Dagnac T, Llompart M. Optimization of an analytical methodology for the simultaneous determination of different classes of ultraviolet filters in cosmetics by pressurized liquid extraction–gas chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. J Chromatogr A 2015; 1405:12-22. [DOI: 10.1016/j.chroma.2015.05.061] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 05/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/26/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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40
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Nur Ayanoğlu M, Kormalı Ertürün HE, Demirel Özel A, Şahin Ö, Yılmaz M, Kılıç E. Salicylate Ion-Selective Electrode Based on a Calix[4]arene as Ionophore. ELECTROANAL 2015. [DOI: 10.1002/elan.201400737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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41
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Emnet P, Gaw S, Northcott G, Storey B, Graham L. Personal care products and steroid hormones in the Antarctic coastal environment associated with two Antarctic research stations, McMurdo Station and Scott Base. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2015; 136:331-342. [PMID: 25460654 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2014.10.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2014] [Revised: 10/08/2014] [Accepted: 10/10/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical and personal care products (PPCPs) are a major source of micropollutants to the aquatic environment. Despite intense research on the fate and effects of PPCPs in temperate climates, there is a paucity of data on their presence in polar environments. This study reports the presence of selected PPCPs in sewage effluents from two Antarctic research stations, the adjacent coastal seawater, sea ice, and biota. Sewage effluents contained bisphenol-A, ethinylestradiol, estrone, methyl triclosan, octylphenol, triclosan, and three UV-filters. The maximum sewage effluent concentrations of 4-methyl-benzylidene camphor, benzophenone-1, estrone, ethinylestradiol, and octylphenol exceeded concentrations previously reported. Coastal seawaters contained bisphenol-A, octylphenol, triclosan, three paraben preservatives, and four UV-filters. The sea ice contained a similar range and concentration of PPCPs as the seawater. Benzophenone-3 (preferential accumulation in clams), estradiol, ethinylestradiol, methyl paraben (preferential accumulation in fish, with concentrations correlating negatively with fillet size), octylphenol, and propyl paraben were detected in biota samples. PPCPs were detected in seawater and biota at distances up to 25 km from the research stations WWTP discharges. Sewage effluent discharges and disposal of raw human waste through sea ice cracks have been identified as sources of PPCPs to Antarctic coastal environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp Emnet
- Department of Chemistry, University of Canterbury, Christchurch 8140, Private Bag 4800, New Zealand
| | - Sally Gaw
- Department of Chemistry, University of Canterbury, Christchurch 8140, Private Bag 4800, New Zealand.
| | - Grant Northcott
- Northcott Research Consultants Limited, Hamilton 3200, New Zealand
| | - Bryan Storey
- Gateway Antarctica, University of Canterbury, Christchurch 8140, Private Bag 4800, New Zealand
| | - Lisa Graham
- Department of Chemistry, University of Canterbury, Christchurch 8140, Private Bag 4800, New Zealand
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42
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Levchik VM, Zui MF, Zaitsev VN. Capillary and dispersive microextraction of diphenylketones. J WATER CHEM TECHNO+ 2014. [DOI: 10.3103/s1063455x14050038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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43
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Zhang T, Guo JF, Bai L, Shi ZG, Qi LM. Retrieval of the Extraction Solvent by Magnetic Particles for Dispersive Liquid–Liquid Microextraction of UV Filters. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2014.883538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Ting Zhang
- a Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Ocean Environment Monitoring Technology, Institute of Oceanographic Instrumentation, Shandong Academy of Sciences , Qingdao , China
| | - Jun-Fang Guo
- b School of Materials Science Engineering, Wuhan Institute of Technology , Wuhan , China
| | - Li Bai
- c Department of Chemistry , Wuhan University , Wuhan , China
| | - Zhi-Guo Shi
- c Department of Chemistry , Wuhan University , Wuhan , China
| | - Li-Ming Qi
- d Institut des sciences de la mer de Rimouski , Rimouski , Québec , Canada
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44
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Capriotti AL, Cavaliere C, Piovesana S, Samperi R, Stampachiacchiere S, Ventura S, Laganà A. Multiresidue determination of UV filters in water samples by solid-phase extraction and liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry analysis. J Sep Sci 2014; 37:2882-91. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201400708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2014] [Revised: 07/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/28/2014] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Laura Capriotti
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Università di Roma “La Sapienza”; Piazzale Aldo Moro 5; Rome Italy
| | - Chiara Cavaliere
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Università di Roma “La Sapienza”; Piazzale Aldo Moro 5; Rome Italy
| | - Susy Piovesana
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Università di Roma “La Sapienza”; Piazzale Aldo Moro 5; Rome Italy
| | - Roberto Samperi
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Università di Roma “La Sapienza”; Piazzale Aldo Moro 5; Rome Italy
| | | | - Salvatore Ventura
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Università di Roma “La Sapienza”; Piazzale Aldo Moro 5; Rome Italy
| | - Aldo Laganà
- Dipartimento di Chimica; Università di Roma “La Sapienza”; Piazzale Aldo Moro 5; Rome Italy
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45
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Kim S, Choi K. Occurrences, toxicities, and ecological risks of benzophenone-3, a common component of organic sunscreen products: a mini-review. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2014; 70:143-57. [PMID: 24934855 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2014.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 348] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2013] [Revised: 05/17/2014] [Accepted: 05/21/2014] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Benzophenone-3 (BP-3) has been widely used in sunscreens and many other consumer products, including cosmetics. The widespread use of BP-3 has resulted in its release into the water environment, and hence its potential impact on aquatic ecosystem is of concern. To better understand the risk associated with BP-3 in aquatic ecosystems, we conducted a thorough review of available articles regarding the physicochemical properties, toxicokinetics, environmental occurrence, and toxic effects of BP-3 and its suspected metabolites. BP-3 is lipophilic, photostable, and bioaccumulative, and can be rapidly absorbed via oral and dermal routes. BP-3 is reported to be transformed into three major metabolites in vivo, i.e., benzophenone-1 (BP-1), benzophenone-8 (BP-8), and 2,3,4-trihydroxybenzophenone (THB). BP-1 has a longer biological half-life than its parent compound and exhibits greater estrogenic potency in vitro. BP-3 has been detected in water, soil, sediments, sludge, and biota. The maximum detected level in ambient freshwater and seawater is 125ng/L and 577.5ng/L, respectively, and in wastewater influent is 10,400ng/L. The major sources of BP-3 are reported to be human recreational activities and wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) effluents. BP-3 and its derivatives have been also detected in fish lipid. In humans, BP-3 has been detected in urine, serum, and breast milk samples worldwide. BP-1 has also been detected in placental tissues of delivering women. While sunscreens and cosmetics are known to be major sources of exposure, the fact that BP-3 has been detected frequently among young children and men suggests other sources. An increasing number of in vitro studies have indicated the endocrine disrupting capacity of BP-3. Based on a receptor binding assay, BP-3 has shown strong anti-androgenic and weak estrogenic activities but at the same time BP-3 displays anti-estrogenic activity as well. Predicted no effect concentration (PNEC) for BP-3 was derived at 1.32μg/L. The levels observed in ambient water are generally an order of magnitude lower than the PNEC, but in wastewater influents, hazard quotients (HQs) greater than 1 were noted. Considering limited ecotoxicological information and significant seasonal and spatial variations of BP-3 in water, further studies on environmental monitoring and potential consequences of long-term exposure in aquatic ecosystem are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sujin Kim
- School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyungho Choi
- School of Public Health, Seoul National University, Seoul 151-742, Republic of Korea.
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46
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Method validation using weighted linear regression models for quantification of UV filters in water samples. Talanta 2014; 131:221-7. [PMID: 25281096 DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2014.07.041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2014] [Revised: 07/14/2014] [Accepted: 07/16/2014] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
This paper describes the validation of a method consisting of solid-phase extraction followed by gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry for the analysis of the ultraviolet (UV) filters benzophenone-3, ethylhexyl salicylate, ethylhexyl methoxycinnamate and octocrylene. The method validation criteria included evaluation of selectivity, analytical curve, trueness, precision, limits of detection and limits of quantification. The non-weighted linear regression model has traditionally been used for calibration, but it is not necessarily the optimal model in all cases. Because the assumption of homoscedasticity was not met for the analytical data in this work, a weighted least squares linear regression was used for the calibration method. The evaluated analytical parameters were satisfactory for the analytes and showed recoveries at four fortification levels between 62% and 107%, with relative standard deviations less than 14%. The detection limits ranged from 7.6 to 24.1 ng L(-1). The proposed method was used to determine the amount of UV filters in water samples from water treatment plants in Araraquara and Jau in São Paulo, Brazil.
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47
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Tsai DY, Chen CL, Ding WH. Optimization of matrix solid-phase dispersion for the rapid determination of salicylate and benzophenone-type UV absorbing substances in marketed fish. Food Chem 2014; 154:211-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2014.01.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2013] [Revised: 09/03/2013] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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48
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Kim TH, Shin BS, Shin SW, Seok SH, Kim KB, Kim EJ, Kim D, Kim DH, Yoo WY, Yoo SD. HPLC-MS/MS METHOD FOR THE PHARMACOKINETICS OF HOMOSALATE AFTER TOPICAL ADMINISTRATION IN RATS. J LIQ CHROMATOGR R T 2014. [DOI: 10.1080/10826076.2013.840842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tae Hwan Kim
- a School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon , Gyeonggi-do , Korea
| | - Beom Soo Shin
- b College of Pharmacy, Catholic University of Daegu , Gyeongsan , Gyeongbuk , Korea
| | - Seung Woo Shin
- a School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon , Gyeonggi-do , Korea
| | - Su Hyun Seok
- a School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon , Gyeonggi-do , Korea
| | - Kyu-Bong Kim
- c College of Pharmacy, Dankook University , Cheonan , Chungnam , Korea
| | - Eun Jung Kim
- d Cosmetics Evaluation Division , Korea FDA , Osong , Chungbuk , Korea
| | - Dojung Kim
- d Cosmetics Evaluation Division , Korea FDA , Osong , Chungbuk , Korea
| | - Dong-Hwan Kim
- a School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon , Gyeonggi-do , Korea
| | - Won Young Yoo
- a School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon , Gyeonggi-do , Korea
| | - Sun Dong Yoo
- a School of Pharmacy, Sungkyunkwan University , Suwon , Gyeonggi-do , Korea
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49
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Vela-Soria F, Ballesteros O, Zafra-Gómez A, Ballesteros L, Navalón A. A new method for the determination of benzophenone-UV filters in human serum samples by dispersive liquid–liquid microextraction with liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry. Talanta 2014; 121:97-104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.talanta.2013.12.048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/20/2013] [Revised: 12/11/2013] [Accepted: 12/23/2013] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
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50
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Trace analysis of benzophenone-derived compounds in surface waters and sediments using solid-phase extraction and microwave-assisted extraction followed by gas chromatography–mass spectrometry. Anal Bioanal Chem 2014; 406:3179-90. [DOI: 10.1007/s00216-014-7749-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2014] [Revised: 02/27/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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