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Harris SJ, Paul IM, Anzman-Frasca S, Savage JS, Hohman EE. Protective Eating Behaviors Among Children at Higher Risk for Obesity in the INSIGHT Study. Child Obes 2025; 21:76-83. [PMID: 39269885 DOI: 10.1089/chi.2024.0279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/15/2024]
Abstract
Background: Maternal pre-pregnancy body mass index (BMI) is positively associated with offspring overweight. We investigated behaviors that may confer resilience to childhood overweight development by examining appetitive traits in at-risk children born to mothers with pre-pregnancy overweight. Methods: This secondary analysis included children born to mothers with pre-pregnancy BMI ≥25 kg/m2 from the Intervention Nurses Start Infants Growing on Health Trajectories Study (N = 84). Mothers completed the Child Eating Behavior Questionnaire (CEBQ) at child ages 30 months and 6 years. t-tests assessed differences in appetitive traits (CEBQ subscale scores) between children with overweight (BMI ≥85th percentile) and without overweight (BMI <85th percentile). Results: The 87 children (41 female [47%]) included in this analysis were predominantly White and non-Hispanic (93%), and 34 (39%) had overweight at age 6 years. Compared with children with overweight, children without overweight had mothers who reported greater child slowness in eating when their child was 30 months (p = 0.04) and 6 years old (p = 0.004). Similarly, mothers of children without overweight reported higher child satiety responsiveness, lower enjoyment of food, and lower food responsiveness (p < 0.001 for all) when their child was 6 years old. Conclusion: Eating slower, higher satiety responsiveness, lower enjoyment of food, and lower food responsiveness were protective factors against developing overweight among those with familial risk. Strategies to promote the development of slower eating and satiety responsiveness could be explored as part of obesity prevention strategies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah J Harris
- Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ian M Paul
- Pediatrics and Public Health Sciences, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Stephanie Anzman-Frasca
- Jacobs School of Medicine and Biomedical Sciences, Center for Ingestive Behavior Research, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Jennifer S Savage
- Nutritional Sciences, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
- Center for Childhood Obesity Research, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Emily E Hohman
- Center for Childhood Obesity Research, Penn State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
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2
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McMahon EL, Wallace S, Samuels LR, Heerman WJ. The relationships between resilience and child health behaviors in a national dataset. Pediatr Res 2024:10.1038/s41390-024-03664-9. [PMID: 39433960 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-024-03664-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2024] [Revised: 07/24/2024] [Accepted: 07/29/2024] [Indexed: 10/23/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Resilience mechanisms at the individual, family, and environmental levels may improve health outcomes despite potentially harmful stress exposure partly through the practice of positive health behaviors. METHODS We performed a secondary analysis of 2016-2021 National Survey of Children's Health data to assess the relationships between three resilience domains - child, family, neighborhood - and six health behaviors using multiple regression models adjusted for the other resilience domain(s) and potential confounders. RESULTS Analysis revealed significant associations between each resilience domain and multiple health behaviors in a total weighted analytic sample of 70,156,540 children. For each outcome, the odds of better health behaviors were highest with high resilience in all possible domains. For example, among children ages 0-5 years, the adjusted odds of having "good quality" vs. "poor quality" sleep for those with "high" resilience in all domains were 2.21 times higher (95% CI 1.78, 2.63) than for those with "low" resilience in all domains. CONCLUSIONS This line of research may help to inform the design of resilience and health behavior promotion interventions by targeting multiple socio-ecological domains of influence to improve health and development outcomes in children exposed to experiences or sources of potential stress. IMPACT This study assessed the associations between three socio-ecological resilience domains (child, family, and neighborhood) and six child and family health behaviors in a national dataset. Resilience exists within multiple socio-ecological levels and supports healthy functioning despite experiencing stress. Studies in adults and limited pediatric sub-populations show associations between resilience and health behaviors, which in turn influence numerous health outcomes. Resilience at three levels of socio-ecological levels was found to be associated with the performance of multiple child and family health behaviors in a nationally representative general pediatric population. These findings have important implications for child and family health promotion efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen L McMahon
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, Nashville, TN, USA.
| | - Shelby Wallace
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Lauren R Samuels
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Biostatistics, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - William J Heerman
- Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, Nashville, TN, USA
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3
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Koball AM, Ames GE, Grothe K. Role of Adverse Childhood Experiences in the Onset of Overweight/Obesity. Curr Obes Rep 2024; 13:574-583. [PMID: 38874702 DOI: 10.1007/s13679-024-00563-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The goal of this chapter was to summarize the literature on childhood adversity and obesity, discuss treatment implications with a case example, and provide recommendations for trauma-informed care for clinicians who work with individuals living with obesity. RECENT FINDINGS Adversity in childhood is related directly and indirectly to obesity development. Upstream contributors like adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and other factors can lead to experiences of toxic stress and increased allostatic load, resulting in downstream effects of obesity and other chronic health conditions. A well-established literature has linked ACEs and obesity suggesting complex interactions between genetic, biological, behavioral, mental health, social, and environmental factors and obesity. Trauma-informed care strategies can be used to optimize care for individuals living with obesity. Care pathways should include individual (clinician) and systemic (organizational) evidence-based interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Gretchen E Ames
- Mayo Clinic Florida, 4500 San Pablo Rd S, Jacksonville, FL, 32224, USA
| | - Karen Grothe
- Mayo Clinic, 200 1st SW, Rochester, MN, 55905, USA
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Ravichandran S, Sood R, Das I, Dong T, Figueroa JD, Yang J, Finger N, Vaughan A, Vora P, Selvaraj K, Labus JS, Gupta A. Early life adversity impacts alterations in brain structure and food addiction in individuals with high BMI. Sci Rep 2024; 14:13141. [PMID: 38849441 PMCID: PMC11161480 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-63414-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/28/2024] [Indexed: 06/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Obesity and food addiction are associated with distinct brain signatures related to reward processing, and early life adversity (ELA) also increases alterations in these same reward regions. However, the neural mechanisms underlying the effect of early life adversity on food addiction are unknown. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the interactions between ELA, food addiction, and brain morphometry in individuals with obesity. 114 participants with high body mass index (BMI) underwent structural MRIs, and completed several questionnaires (e.g., Yale Food Addiction Scale (YFAS), Brief Resilience Scale (BRS), Early Traumatic Inventory (ETI)). Freesurfer 6 was applied to generate the morphometry of brain regions. A multivariate pattern analysis was used to derive brain morphometry patterns associated with food addiction. General linear modeling and mediation analyses were conducted to examine the effects of ELA and resilience on food addiction in individuals with obesity. Statistical significance was determined at a level of p < 0.05. High levels of ELA showed a strong association between reward control brain signatures and food addiction (p = 0.03). Resilience positively mediated the effect of ELA on food addiction (B = 0.02, p = 0.038). Our findings suggest that food addiction is associated with brain signatures in motivation and reward processing regions indicative of dopaminergic dysregulation and inhibition of cognitive control regions. These mechanistic variabilities along with early life adversity suggest increased vulnerability to develop food addiction and obesity in adulthood, which can buffer by the neuroprotective effects of resilience, highlighting the value of incorporating cognitive appraisal into obesity therapeutic regimens.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soumya Ravichandran
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, The Obesity and Ingestive Behavior Program, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Center for Health Sciences 42-210, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- UC San Diego School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, USA
| | - Riya Sood
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, The Obesity and Ingestive Behavior Program, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Center for Health Sciences 42-210, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Isha Das
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, The Obesity and Ingestive Behavior Program, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Center for Health Sciences 42-210, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Tien Dong
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
- Goodman Luskin Microbiome Center, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, The Obesity and Ingestive Behavior Program, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Center for Health Sciences 42-210, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Johnny D Figueroa
- Center for Health Disparities and Molecular Medicine, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, USA
| | - Jennifer Yang
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
- Goodman Luskin Microbiome Center, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, The Obesity and Ingestive Behavior Program, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Center for Health Sciences 42-210, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Nicholas Finger
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
| | - Allison Vaughan
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, The Obesity and Ingestive Behavior Program, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Center for Health Sciences 42-210, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Priten Vora
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, The Obesity and Ingestive Behavior Program, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Center for Health Sciences 42-210, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Katie Selvaraj
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, The Obesity and Ingestive Behavior Program, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Center for Health Sciences 42-210, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Jennifer S Labus
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
- Goodman Luskin Microbiome Center, University of California, Los Angeles, USA
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, The Obesity and Ingestive Behavior Program, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Center for Health Sciences 42-210, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA
| | - Arpana Gupta
- Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA.
- Goodman Luskin Microbiome Center, University of California, Los Angeles, USA.
- G. Oppenheimer Center for Neurobiology of Stress and Resilience, The Obesity and Ingestive Behavior Program, Vatche and Tamar Manoukian Division of Digestive Diseases, David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, 10833 Le Conte Avenue, Center for Health Sciences 42-210, Los Angeles, CA, 90095, USA.
- David Geffen School of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, USA.
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Stefanovics EA, Grilo CM, Potenza MN, Pietrzak RH. Obesity in Latinx and White U.S. military veterans: Mental health, psychosocial burden, non-suicidal self-injury and suicidal behavior. Psychiatry Res 2024; 335:115844. [PMID: 38484606 DOI: 10.1016/j.psychres.2024.115844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 02/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/07/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024]
Abstract
Obesity disproportionately affects Latinx communities and is linked to an increased risk of mental health problems. Military veterans are more likely to develop mental health problems, but the role of Latinx ethnicity in moderating the association between obesity and these problems is unclear. To address this gap, this study examined psychiatric and psychosocial correlates of obesity in a nationally representative sample of Latinx and White U.S. military veterans. Data were analyzed from the 2019-2020 National Health and Resilience in Veterans Study, which surveyed 3524 Latinx and White veterans. Analyses revealed that Latinx ethnicity moderated associations between obesity and several measures. Specifically, among veterans with obesity, Latinx veterans had higher rates of major depression, generalized anxiety, post-traumatic stress disorders, drug use disorders, non-suicidal self-injury, and higher levels of childhood trauma, loneliness, and hostility relative to White veterans. These findings underscore the importance of culturally sensitive prevention and treatment efforts to help mitigate symptoms of internalizing disorders, drug use disorder, loneliness, and hostility, and to cultivate psychosocial resources such as resilience and coping self-efficacy among Latinx veterans with obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elina A Stefanovics
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs New England Mental Illness Research and Education Clinical Center (MIRECC), West Haven, CT, USA; U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs National Center on Homelessness Among Veterans, Tampa, FL, USA.
| | - Carlos M Grilo
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Marc N Potenza
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; Yale Child Study Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Connecticut Mental Health Center, New Haven, CT, USA; Connecticut Council on Problem Gambling, Wethersfield, CT, USA; Department of Neuroscience, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA; Wu Tsai Institute, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Robert H Pietrzak
- Department of Psychiatry, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA; U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs National Center for Posttraumatic Stress Disorder, VA Connecticut Healthcare System, West Haven, CT, USA
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6
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Santos M, Burton ET, Cadieux A, Gaffka B, Shaffer L, Cook JL, Tucker JM. Adverse childhood experiences, health behaviors, and associations with obesity among youth in the United States. Behav Med 2023; 49:381-391. [PMID: 35792894 DOI: 10.1080/08964289.2022.2077294] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 04/13/2022] [Accepted: 05/04/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) affect almost half of youth in the U.S. and are linked to a host of deleterious medical and psychosocial outcomes. The current study examines the relationships among ACEs, childhood obesity, and modifiable lifestyle behaviors to inform clinical care, future research, and policy. Using data from the 2016-2018 National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH), associations between children's ACEs, weight status, and health behaviors that may influence the link between ACEs and obesity were examined. In the NSCH data, 25.3% of youth aged 10-17 years experienced one ACE with another 25.9% experiencing two or more ACEs. Having ACEs was related to excess screen time and inadequate sleep, and independently associated with obesity. Findings highlight the importance of providers screening and finding ways to intervene on behalf of youth with obesity. The present provides guidelines for providers on intervening with youth experiencing ACEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Santos
- The Pediatric Obesity Center, Connecticut Children's, Hartford, CT, USA
| | - E Thomaseo Burton
- Children's Foundation Research Institute, Le Bonheur Children's Hospital, Memphis, TN, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Adelle Cadieux
- Health Optimization Services, Helen DeVos Children's Hospital, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
| | - Bethany Gaffka
- C.S. Mott Children's Hospital, Michigan Medicine, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Laura Shaffer
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Virginia School of Medicine, Charlottesville, VA, USA
| | - Jessica L Cook
- Department of Psychology, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Jared M Tucker
- Health Optimization Services, Helen DeVos Children's Hospital, Grand Rapids, MI, USA
- Department of Pediatrics and Human Development, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI, USA
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7
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Li MK, Patel BP, Chu L, Strom M, Hamilton JK. Investigating resilience and its association with stress, anthropometrics, and metabolic health in adolescents with obesity: a pilot study. PSYCHOL HEALTH MED 2023; 28:1997-2006. [PMID: 35373663 DOI: 10.1080/13548506.2022.2059094] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
The increasing prevalence of children with obesity has contributed to a higher risk of developing cardiometabolic comorbidities. Adversity and chronic stress are negatively linked to cardiometabolic outcomes, and resilience is positively associated with improved outcomes. However, whether resilience is protective against metabolic disturbances preceding disease presentation is less understood. This study explored correlations between stress, anthropometrics, and metabolic parameters with resilience (total, individual, family, peers, school, community), and determined which resilience domains predict metabolically unhealthy obesity. Adolescents with obesity (n = 39; 12-18y) completed anthropometrics, an oral glucose tolerance test, the Adolescent Resilience Questionnaire, and Perceived Stress Scale. Lower stress (r = -0.70, p < 0.001), BMI (r = -0.42, p = 0.01), fat mass (ρ = -0.41, p = 0.01), and fat-free mass (ρ = -0.41, p = 0.01) were associated with greater resilience. Greater school resilience was associated with lower risk for having metabolically unhealthy obesity (odds ratio = 0.87, 95% Confidence Intervals, 0.78-0.98, p = 0.02). Our findings suggest that resilience is associated with lower adiposity, and that lower school resilience is an independent predictor of having metabolically unhealthy obesity. Further work exploring correlations between school resilience, perceived stress, and metabolic outcomes, would optimize programs for obesity-related chronic conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ming K Li
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Barkha P Patel
- Division of Endocrinology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Lisa Chu
- Division of Endocrinology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Michele Strom
- Division of Endocrinology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Jill K Hamilton
- Translational Medicine Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Division of Endocrinology, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
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8
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Uzun ME, Kara Ö, Şirin H, Kaymaz N. Examination of relationship factors between psychological resilience and social support in adolescent obesity. Arch Pediatr 2023:S0929-693X(23)00034-9. [PMID: 37061358 DOI: 10.1016/j.arcped.2023.02.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Revised: 11/20/2022] [Accepted: 02/12/2023] [Indexed: 04/17/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Childhood obesity is one of the most severe public health problems, and psychiatric conditions have been associated with obesity. In this study, we aimed to investigate psychological resilience and possible related factors in adolescents with obesity. METHOD The study included 90 adolescents with obesity and 100 healthy adolescents of similar age. Data were collected using a sociodemographic information form, the Child and Youth Resilience Measure-28 (CYRM-28), and the Multidimensional Scale of Perceived Social Support. Scale scores were compared by Pearson's correlation coefficient test with SPSS-23. Multiple linear regression was performed to describe the relationships between variables. RESULTS The adolescents participating in the study were similar in terms of age and gender. Psychological resilience and social support in the obesity group were lower than in the control group (p < 0.05). A negative relationship was found between body mass index (BMI) and resilience levels of adolescents with obesity, and a positive relationship was found between social support and resilience levels (p = 0.027 and p < 0.001, respectively). The perceived family and significant other social support subscale scores of adolescents in the obesity group were significantly lower than in the control group (p = 0.037 and p = 0.023, respectively). The most related variable with the CYRM-28 was the level of perceived social support: standardized β = 0.409; t(151) = 5.626; p < 0.001. CONCLUSION A higher BMI has a negative effect on psychological resilience, and family support tends to be lower in these cases. New studies are needed to clarify whether this result is one of the causes of obesity or one of its consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Erdem Uzun
- Department of Child Psychiatry, University of Health Sciences, Bursa Yüksek İhtisas Training and Research Hospital, Bursa, Turkey.
| | - Özlem Kara
- Department of Child Endocrinology, University of Health Sciences, Bursa Yüksek İhtisas Training and Research Hospital, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Hande Şirin
- Department of Child Psychiatry, University of Health Sciences, Bursa Yüksek İhtisas Training and Research Hospital, Bursa, Turkey
| | - Nazan Kaymaz
- Department of Pediatrics, Çanakkale Onsekiz Mart University, Çanakkale, Turkey
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9
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Hall A, West X, Brown M, Hall E, Kim E, Leib A, Mergaman P, Salih Z, Aronoff S. Association of Adverse Childhood Experiences and Resilience With Obesity, High Blood Pressure, and Parental Report of Behavioral Health Symptoms in Children: A Cross Sectional Study. Glob Pediatr Health 2023; 10:2333794X231159518. [PMID: 36911753 PMCID: PMC9996718 DOI: 10.1177/2333794x231159518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/07/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The interplay between Adverse Childhood Experiences (ACEs) and resilience on health in children is not well understood. Parents completed 3 questionnaires: ACEs, Child and Youth Resilience Measure (CYRM), and the Pediatric Symptom Checklist-17(PSC-17). BMI and blood pressure were measured. 19.8% of children had 4 or more ACEs, resilience ranged from 25 to 51, 14.3% had a positive PSC-17 score, 25.6% were obese, 3.1% had systolic hypertension, and 1.2% had diastolic hypertension. Higher ACEs (ACE OR: 1.398, 95% CI = 1.044-1.893, P = .026) and lower resilience (Resilience OR: 0.740, 95% CI 0.668-0.812; P = 1.13 × 10-9) were predictive of increased reports of behavioral health symptoms, but not obesity or hypertension. The personal resilience subscale was a predictor of positive PSC-17 score (OR 0.646, 95% CI = 0.546-0.749, P = 3.18 × 10-8); relationship subscale was not. Cultivating resilience, especially personal aspects, may provide an effective intervention for behavioral health symptoms in children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashleigh Hall
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Xandria West
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Marilyn Brown
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Erin Hall
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Seattle Children's Hospital 4800 Sand Point Way NE Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Ella Kim
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Alexa Leib
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,West Chester Medical Center, Valhalla, NY, USA
| | - Paige Mergaman
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA.,Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, TN, USA
| | - Zanaib Salih
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Stephen Aronoff
- Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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Sisto A, Barone M, Giuliani A, Quintiliani L, Bruni V, Tartaglini D, Persichetti P, Tambone V. The body perception, resilience, and distress symptoms in candidates for bariatric surgery and post bariatric surgery. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF PLASTIC SURGERY 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s00238-022-02026-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
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Keane K, Evans RR. Exploring the Relationship Between Modifiable Protective Factors and Mental Health Issues Among Children Experiencing Adverse Childhood Experiences Using a Resilience Framework. JOURNAL OF CHILD & ADOLESCENT TRAUMA 2022; 15:987-998. [PMID: 36439658 PMCID: PMC9684361 DOI: 10.1007/s40653-022-00471-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to examine whether the National Scientific Council on the Developing Child (NSCDC) resilience framework statistically predicted whether a child with 4 or more adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) ever had a mental health issue. The study also explored which NSCDC modifiable resilience factors had the strongest relationship with mental health issues among children with 4 or more ACEs. Utilizing the 2019 National Survey of Children's Health, secondary data analysis was conducted using a sample of 1,225 children between 6 and 17 years old that had experienced 4 or more ACEs. Logistic regression examined whether the NSCDC framework was associated with a lower likelihood of mental health issues in school-aged children. Analysis found that the NSCDC framework predicted whether children with 4 or more ACEs ever had a mental health issue. Self-regulation had the strongest relationship with whether a child with 4 or more ACEs ever had a mental health issue. A supportive parent/caregiver relationship was also associated with a lower likelihood of ever having a mental health issue. The results demonstrate the promise of the NSCDC framework and modifiable protective factors to mitigate the impact of ACEs on mental health outcomes. Interventions that teach children skill-based self-regulation and parent/caregiver co-regulation while providing safe and supportive environments can build self-regulation to overcome ACEs. Promoting resilience-building parent-child relationships also have the potential to build resilience to mitigate ACEs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Keane
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1720 2nd Avenue South, NB 202, Birmingham, AL 35294-1210 USA
| | - Retta R. Evans
- University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1150 10th Avenue South, EEC 301C, Birmingham, AL 35294-1250 USA
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Cuda S, Censani M, Kharofa R, Williams DR, O'Hara V, Karjoo S, Paisley J, Browne NT. Social consequences and genetics for the child with overweight and obesity: An obesity medicine association (OMA) clinical practice statement 2022. OBESITY PILLARS (ONLINE) 2022; 3:100032. [PMID: 37990726 PMCID: PMC10662046 DOI: 10.1016/j.obpill.2022.100032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 08/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Background This Obesity Medicine Association (OMA) clinical practice statement (CPS) covers two topics: 1) genetics and 2) social consequences for the child with overweight and obesity. This CPS is intended to provide clinicians with an overview of clinical practices applicable to children and adolescents with body mass indices greater than or equal to the 85th percentile for their ages, particularly those with adverse consequences resulting from increased body mass. The information in this CPS is based on scientific evidence, supported by the medical literature, and derived from the clinical experiences of members of the OMA. Methods The scientific information and clinical guidance in this CPS is based upon referenced evidence and derived from the clinical perspectives of the authors. Results This OMA clinical practice statement details two topics: 1) genetics and 2) social consequences for the child with overweight and obesity. Conclusions This OMA clinical practice statement on genetics and social consequences for the child with overweight and obesity is an overview of current literature. The literature provides a roadmap to the improvement of the health of children and adolescents with obesity, especially those with metabolic, physiological, and psychological complications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suzanne Cuda
- Alamo City Healthy Kids and Families, 1919 Oakwell Farms Parkway, Ste 145 San Antonio, TX, 78218, USA
| | - Marisa Censani
- Associate Professor of Clinical Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Endocrinology, Department of Pediatrics, New York Presbyterian Hospital, Weill Cornell Medicine, 525 East 68th Street, Box 103, New York, NY, 10021, USA
| | - Roohi Kharofa
- Center for Better Health & Nutrition, The Heart Institute, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Avenue, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Dominique R. Williams
- The Ohio State University College of MedicineCenter for Healthy Weight and Nutrition, Nationwide Children's Hospital 700 Children's Drive LA, Suite 5F Columbus, OH, 43215, USA
| | - Valerie O'Hara
- Medical Director, WOW 4 Wellness Clinic/ PCHC, 6 Telcom Drive, Bangor, ME, 04401, USA
| | - Sara Karjoo
- Johns Hopkins All Children's Hospital Pediatric Gastroenterology, 501 6th Ave S, St. Petersburg, FL, 33701, USA
| | - Jennifer Paisley
- St Elizabeth Physician's Group Primary Care 98 Elm Street Lawrenceburg, IN, 47025-2048, USA
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Cahill S, Chandola T, Hager R. Genetic Variants Associated With Resilience in Human and Animal Studies. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:840120. [PMID: 35669264 PMCID: PMC9163442 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.840120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Resilience is broadly defined as the ability to maintain or regain functioning in the face of adversity and is influenced by both environmental and genetic factors. The identification of specific genetic factors and their biological pathways underpinning resilient functioning can help in the identification of common key factors, but heterogeneities in the operationalisation of resilience have hampered advances. We conducted a systematic review of genetic variants associated with resilience to enable the identification of general resilience mechanisms. We adopted broad inclusion criteria for the definition of resilience to capture both human and animal model studies, which use a wide range of resilience definitions and measure very different outcomes. Analyzing 158 studies, we found 71 candidate genes associated with resilience. OPRM1 (Opioid receptor mu 1), NPY (neuropeptide Y), CACNA1C (calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 C), DCC (deleted in colorectal carcinoma), and FKBP5 (FKBP prolyl isomerase 5) had both animal and human variants associated with resilience, supporting the idea of shared biological pathways. Further, for OPRM1, OXTR (oxytocin receptor), CRHR1 (corticotropin-releasing hormone receptor 1), COMT (catechol-O-methyltransferase), BDNF (brain-derived neurotrophic factor), APOE (apolipoprotein E), and SLC6A4 (solute carrier family 6 member 4), the same allele was associated with resilience across divergent resilience definitions, which suggests these genes may therefore provide a starting point for further research examining commonality in resilience pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Cahill
- Evolution, Infection and Genomics, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Faculty of Humanities, Cathie Marsh Institute for Social Research, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Tarani Chandola
- Faculty of Humanities, Cathie Marsh Institute for Social Research, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
- Methods Hub, Department of Sociology, Faculty of Social Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Reinmar Hager
- Evolution, Infection and Genomics, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, The University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
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14
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Ghulam A, Bonaccio M, Costanzo S, Bracone F, Gianfagna F, de Gaetano G, Iacoviello L. Psychological Resilience, Cardiovascular Disease, and Metabolic Disturbances: A Systematic Review. Front Psychol 2022; 13:817298. [PMID: 35282220 PMCID: PMC8909142 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.817298] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 01/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Positive psychosocial factors can play an important role in the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Among them, psychological resilience (PR) is defined as the capacity of responding positively to stressful events. Our aim was to assess whether PR is associated with CVD or metabolic disturbances through a systematic review. Methods We gathered articles from PubMed, Web of Science, PsycInfo, and Google Scholar up to October 28, 2021. We included articles that were in English, were observational, and had PR examined as exposure. The CVD outcomes were either clinical or metabolic outcomes (i.e., dyslipidemia, obesity, metabolic syndrome, hypertension, and diabetes). Results Our literature search identified 3,800 studies, of which 17 met the inclusion criteria. Of them, seven were longitudinal and 10 cross-sectional, and 13 were on adults and four on children. The exposure assessment was heterogeneous, i.e., 12 studies used different kinds of self-administered questionnaires and five used interviews with a psychologist. Regarding outcomes, five studies investigated CVD, seven obesity, one metabolic syndrome, two hypertension, four dyslipidemia, and four diabetes. In longitudinal studies, PR was found to have an inverse association with included outcomes in five studies from the Swedish military conscription cohort but had no association with CVD in a study on African-American women and was associated with slower progression of diabetes in a general population. The cross-sectional studies showed that the prevalence of disease was not associated with PR in many cases but the progression of disease was associated with PR. Conclusion PR seems to have a possibly favorable association with CVD and metabolic disturbances that differs according to the type of outcome and population. Our study limitations are given by the small number of studies available and the heterogeneity in PR measurement. Systematic Review Registration [https://www.crd.york.ac.uk/PROSPERO/display_record.php?RecordID=237109], identifier [CRD42021237109].
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwal Ghulam
- Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy
| | - Marialaura Bonaccio
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) NEUROMED, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Simona Costanzo
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) NEUROMED, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Francesca Bracone
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) NEUROMED, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Francesco Gianfagna
- Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy.,Mediterranea Cardiocentro, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanni de Gaetano
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) NEUROMED, Pozzilli, Italy
| | - Licia Iacoviello
- Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Insubria, Varese, Italy.,Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCCS) NEUROMED, Pozzilli, Italy
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15
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Rollins BY, Francis LA, Riggs NR. Family Psychosocial Assets, Child Behavioral Regulation, and Obesity. Pediatrics 2022; 149:184741. [PMID: 35128559 DOI: 10.1542/peds.2021-052918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 12/10/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES Little attention has been given to the study of early childhood factors that protect against the development of obesity and severe obesity. We investigated whether exposure to familial psychosocial assets and risks in infancy (1-15 months) and early childhood (24-54 months) and child behavioral regulation in early childhood predict longitudinal change in BMI (2 to 15 years). METHODS Participants included 1077 predominantly non-Hispanic, White, English-speaking mother-child dyads from the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Study of Early Child Care and Youth Development dataset. Cumulative familial asset and risk indices were created using measures (eg, maternal parenting sensitivity, poverty) from 2 developmental periods (1-15 months, 24-54 months). A child behavioral regulation index was created on the basis of behavioral tasks and parent reports. Previously published BMI trajectories (nonoverweight [40th percentile], nonoverweight [70th percentile], overweight/obese, severely obese) were used as the outcome. RESULTS All indices predicted membership in the overweight/obese trajectory; however, when entered into the same model, only familial assets continued to reduce the odds of membership in this trajectory. Familial assets and child behavioral regulation independently reduced the odds of membership in the severely obese trajectory. Furthermore, child behavioral regulation and familial assets buffered the negative effects of familial risk on BMI trajectory membership. CONCLUSIONS Early exposure to familial assets and child behavioral regulation may have long-term protective effects on weight gain over early exposure to some familial risk factors (eg, poverty); thus, these indices may help foster obesity resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandi Y Rollins
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Lori A Francis
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania
| | - Nathaniel R Riggs
- Human Development and Family Studies, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, Colorado
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16
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Heerman WJ, Samuels LR, González Peña T, van Wyk C, Mayberry LS, Lounds Taylor J, Martin NC. Family resilience and childhood obesity among children exposed to adverse childhood experiences in a national survey. Obes Sci Pract 2022; 8:3-11. [PMID: 35127118 PMCID: PMC8804940 DOI: 10.1002/osp4.497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) contribute to poor overall health among children with obesity. This study evaluated how one potential protective factor-family resilience-affects the association between ACEs and childhood obesity. METHODS This analysis was a secondary analysis of the 2016-2018 National Survey of Children's Health (NSCH), a repeated cross-sectional survey based on parent report. Nine ACEs were queried. Family resilience was assessed with four items (potential range 0-12). The primary outcome was child weight status. Multivariable ordinal logistic regression was used, adjusting for potential confounders and the interaction between ACEs and family resilience. RESULTS For 49,365 children ages 10-17, the median number of ACEs was 1 (IQR 0, 2), the median family resilience score was 10 (IQR 8,12), 15.3% of children had overweight, and 15.4% of children had obesity. Among the 51.3% of children who experienced one or more ACEs, higher family resilience scores attenuated the odds of being in a higher weight category. This pattern was not observed in children with zero ACEs. CONCLUSIONS In the 2016-2018 NSCH, children ages 10-17 who were exposed to ACEs had higher rates of overweight and obesity, the odds of which may be reduced when children also have higher family resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- William J. Heerman
- Department of PediatricsVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Lauren R. Samuels
- Department of BiostatisticsVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | | | - Chelsea van Wyk
- Department of PediatricsVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Lindsay S. Mayberry
- Department of MedicineVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Julie Lounds Taylor
- Department of PediatricsVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
- Vanderbilt Kennedy CenterVanderbilt University Medical CenterNashvilleTennesseeUSA
| | - Nina C. Martin
- Peabody College of EducationVanderbilt UniversityNashvilleTennesseeUSA
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17
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Examining the influence of positive childhood experiences on childhood overweight and obesity using a national sample. Prev Med 2022; 154:106907. [PMID: 34864065 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2021.106907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2021] [Revised: 11/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Positive childhood experiences (PCEs) promote healthy social development, improve overall wellness, and help to moderate and prevent exposure to adverse childhood experiences. There has been limited research examining the association between positive childhood experiences and overweight or obesity status in children. The purpose of this study was to examine whether experiencing positive childhood experiences are associated with lower rates of overweight or obesity status in children between 10 and 17 years of age, using cross-sectional data from the 2018-2019 National Survey of Children's Health (n = 28,771), a nationally representative mail and online survey. Frequencies, proportions, and unadjusted associations for each variable were calculated using descriptive statistics and bivariate analyses. To examine the association between overweight or obesity and PCEs, multivariable regression models were used. Compared to children who were underweight or had a healthy weight, children who were overweight or obese were less likely to: participate after school activities (78.1%, p < 0.0001), volunteer in their community, school, or church (45.6%, p < 0.0001), have a mentor they feel comfortable going to for guidance (87.0%, p = 0.02), live in a safe neighborhood (61.3%, p < 0.0001), live in a supportive neighborhood (50.4%, p < 0.0001), and to live with a resilient family (78.3%; p = 0.0099). In adjusted analysis, among children exposed to two or more ACEs, children residing in a supportive neighborhood were less likely to be overweight or obese (aOR 0.87; 0.77-0.98). Our findings suggest that certain PCEs may mitigate overweight and obesity when children have experienced at least some childhood trauma.
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18
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Ghulam A, Bonaccio M, Costanzo S, Gialluisi A, Santonastaso F, Di Castelnuovo A, Cerletti C, Donati MB, de Gaetano G, Gianfagna F, Iacoviello L. Association of Psychological Resilience with All-Cause and Cardiovascular Mortality in a General Population in Italy: Prospective Findings from the Moli-Sani Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 19:222. [PMID: 35010483 PMCID: PMC8750664 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19010222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/19/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Psychological resilience (PR) is the capacity to adapt positively in face of adversity. Its role as an independent protective factor has been acknowledged in recent years. We aimed to test the association of PR with all-cause and cardiovascular disease (CVD) mortality in a general adult population. We performed longitudinal analyses on 10,406 CVD-free individuals from the Moli-Sani cohort (follow up = 11.2 year). PR was assessed by the 25-item Connor and Davidson resilience scale. PR factors were identified through polychoric factor analysis. Associations with mortality were tested using multivariable Cox regressions. Higher levels of PR were associated with reduced all-cause mortality in a model including sex and age (HR = 0.78; 95%CI 0.62-1.00). The association decreased after inclusion of socioeconomic, clinical, and behavioral factors into the model (HR = 0.80; 95%CI 0.62-1.03). No relation was observed with cardiovascular mortality in the fully adjusted model (HR = 0.89; 95%CI 0.56-1.39). An inverse association of Factor 1 (reflecting positive acceptance of change) with all-cause mortality (HR = 0.89; 95%CI 0.82-0.98; p value = 0.01) was found. However, at a borderline non-significant way, PR predicts all-cause mortality in a general population of Italian adults. This is supported by the findings demonstrating a significant association between the PR's domain reflecting a positive acceptance of change and all-cause mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anwal Ghulam
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (EPIMED), University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (A.G.); (F.S.); (F.G.); (L.I.)
| | - Marialaura Bonaccio
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (S.C.); (A.G.); (C.C.); (M.B.D.); (G.d.G.)
| | - Simona Costanzo
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (S.C.); (A.G.); (C.C.); (M.B.D.); (G.d.G.)
| | - Alessandro Gialluisi
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (S.C.); (A.G.); (C.C.); (M.B.D.); (G.d.G.)
| | - Federica Santonastaso
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (EPIMED), University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (A.G.); (F.S.); (F.G.); (L.I.)
| | | | - Chiara Cerletti
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (S.C.); (A.G.); (C.C.); (M.B.D.); (G.d.G.)
| | - Maria Benedetta Donati
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (S.C.); (A.G.); (C.C.); (M.B.D.); (G.d.G.)
| | - Giovanni de Gaetano
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (S.C.); (A.G.); (C.C.); (M.B.D.); (G.d.G.)
| | - Francesco Gianfagna
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (EPIMED), University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (A.G.); (F.S.); (F.G.); (L.I.)
- Mediterranea Cardiocentro, 80121 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Licia Iacoviello
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, Research Center in Epidemiology and Preventive Medicine (EPIMED), University of Insubria, 21100 Varese, Italy; (A.G.); (F.S.); (F.G.); (L.I.)
- Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, IRCCS NEUROMED, 86077 Pozzilli, Italy; (S.C.); (A.G.); (C.C.); (M.B.D.); (G.d.G.)
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Ozdemir C, Akbas Gunes N. The effect of diet and regular exercise on psychological resilience in obese or overweight women. Int J Clin Pract 2021; 75:e14320. [PMID: 33960086 DOI: 10.1111/ijcp.14320] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 05/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
AIM This study aimed to investigate the effects of diet and regular exercise on resilience in obese or overweight women. METHODS The study was conducted with the 109 patients who applied to the obesity polyclinics. The patients were divided into three groups by their current disease conditions and willingness; those who were willing to both diet and exercise (diet + exercise group) (n: 35), those who were willing to only diet (diet group) (n: 37) and those who were not willing to recommended diet or exercise (control group) (n: 37). The "Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale" (CD-RISC) was applied to all the participants through face-to-face interviews. The CD-RISC scale was repeated 8 weeks after the first evaluation. RESULTS There was a significant difference between the total score and subscores of the scale in the intra-group comparison before and after the intervention (P < .05). When the groups were compared after the intervention, a significant difference was found between the diet group and the control group as well as the exercise +diet group and the control group (P < .05). CONCLUSION We found that diet and exercise practices increased psychological endurance in obese or overweight women. In addition, positive improvements were also detected in psychological resilience subgroups such as perseverance and personal competence, tolerance to negative events and spiritual disposition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nurcan Akbas Gunes
- Department of Family Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Bolu Abant Izzet Baysal University, Bolu, Turkey
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20
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Green Space and Health Equity: A Systematic Review on the Potential of Green Space to Reduce Health Disparities. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18052563. [PMID: 33806546 PMCID: PMC7967323 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18052563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 40.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Disadvantaged groups worldwide, such as low-income and racially/ethnically minoritized people, experience worse health outcomes than more privileged groups, including wealthier and white people. Such health disparities are a major public health issue in several countries around the world. In this systematic review, we examine whether green space shows stronger associations with physical health for disadvantaged groups than for privileged groups. We hypothesize that disadvantaged groups have stronger protective effects from green space because of their greater dependency on proximate green space, as they tend to lack access to other health-promoting resources. We use the preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses (PRISMA) method and search five databases (CINAHL, Cochrane, PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science) to look for articles that examine whether socioeconomic status (SES) or race/ethnicity modify the green space-health associations. Based on this search, we identify 90 articles meeting our inclusion criteria. We find lower-SES people show more beneficial effects than affluent people, particularly when concerning public green spaces/parks rather than green land covers/greenness. Studies in Europe show stronger protective effects for lower-SES people versus higher-SES people than do studies in North America. We find no notable differences in the protective effects of green space between racial/ethnic groups. Collectively, these results suggest green space might be a tool to advance health equity and provide ways forward for urban planners, parks managers, and public health professionals to address health disparities.
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Guazzelli Williamson V, Lee AM, Miller D, Huo T, Maner JK, Cardel M. Psychological Resilience, Experimentally Manipulated Social Status, and Dietary Intake among Adolescents. Nutrients 2021; 13:806. [PMID: 33804409 PMCID: PMC7998543 DOI: 10.3390/nu13030806] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2021] [Revised: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Relative to other racial/ethnic groups in the United States, Hispanic American (HA) youth have higher rates of overweight and obesity. Previous work suggests that low perceived social status (SS) promotes excess caloric intake and, thereby, development of obesity. Psychological resilience may play a role in reducing adverse eating behaviors and risk for obesity. The objective of this study was to investigate whether resilience (as measured by the Connor Davidson Resilience Scale) interacts with experimentally manipulated SS to affect dietary intake among HA adolescents (n = 132). Using a rigged game of Monopoly (Hasbro, Inc.), participants were randomized to a high or low SS condition. Following the Monopoly game, participants consumed an ad libitum lunch and their dietary intake was assessed. There was a significant interaction between resilience and experimentally manipulated SS for total energy intake (p = 0.006), percent energy needs consumed (p = 0.005), and sugar intake (p = 0.004). For the high SS condition, for each increase in resilience score, total energy intake decreased by 7.165 ± 2.866 kcal (p = 0.014) and percent energy needs consumed decreased by 0.394 ± 0.153 (p = 0.011). In the low SS condition, sugar intake increased by 0.621 ± 0.240 g for each increase in resilience score (p = 0.011). After correction for multiple comparisons, the aforementioned interactions, but not simple slopes, were statistically significant.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alexandra M. Lee
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (A.M.L.); (D.M.); (T.H.); (M.C.)
| | - Darci Miller
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (A.M.L.); (D.M.); (T.H.); (M.C.)
| | - Tianyao Huo
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (A.M.L.); (D.M.); (T.H.); (M.C.)
| | - Jon K. Maner
- Department of Psychology, Florida State University, Tallahassee, FL 32306, USA;
| | - Michelle Cardel
- Department of Health Outcomes and Biomedical Informatics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA; (A.M.L.); (D.M.); (T.H.); (M.C.)
- Center for Integrative Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disease, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA
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22
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Rollins BY, Riggs NR, Francis LA, Blair CB. Executive Function and BMI Trajectories Among Rural, Poor Youth at High Risk for Obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2021; 29:379-387. [PMID: 33369183 PMCID: PMC9308968 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 09/16/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The aim of this study was to identify longitudinal trajectories of conjoint development of executive function (EF) and obesity among a diverse sample of poor, rural youth and to evaluate individual differences in infant growth, parental BMI, and cumulative risk. METHODS Participants included 948 youth from the Family Life Project. Child anthropometrics were measured at 2 and 6 months and at 2, 3, 4, 5, 7, and 12 years. EF tasks were administered at 3, 4, and 5 years. Mothers reported youth birth weight, parental height and weight, and cumulative risk indicators. RESULTS Multidimensional growth mixture modeling identified three classes: "High EF - High Obesity Resilience"; "Low EF - Delayed-Onset Severe Obesity"; and "Low EF - Early-Onset Severe Obesity." Youth in the low-EF, early-onset class displayed higher birth weight and BMI at 6 months, whereas the low-EF, delayed-onset class had rapid weight gain during infancy, parents with class II obesity, and greater cumulative risk and was more likely to be Black and female. CONCLUSIONS Despite increased obesity risk among this sample, the majority of youth exhibited higher EF and some degree of obesity resilience. Youth with EF deficits displayed the greatest risk for severe obesity but had differing BMI trajectories and obesity risk profiles, which has implications for obesity intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brandi Y. Rollins
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Nathaniel R. Riggs
- Human Development and Family Studies, Colorado State University, Denver, Colorado, USA
| | - Lori A. Francis
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Clancy B. Blair
- Department of Population Health, New York University School of Medicine, New York, New York, USA
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