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Naidoo K, Oliver SV. Gene drives: an alternative approach to malaria control? Gene Ther 2024:10.1038/s41434-024-00468-8. [PMID: 39039203 DOI: 10.1038/s41434-024-00468-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Revised: 07/14/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Genetic modification for the control of mosquitoes is frequently touted as a solution for a variety of vector-borne diseases. There has been some success using non-insecticidal methods like sterile or incompatible insect techniques to control arbovirus diseases. However, control by genetic modifications to reduce mosquito populations or create mosquitoes that are refractory to infection with pathogens are less developed. The advent of CRISPR-Cas9-mediated gene drives may advance this mechanism of control. In this review, use and progress of gene drives for vector control, particularly for malaria, is discussed. A brief history of population suppression and replacement gene drives in mosquitoes, rapid advancement of the field over the last decade and how genetic modification fits into the current scope of vector control are described. Mechanisms of alternative vector control by genetic modification to modulate mosquitoes' immune responses and anti-parasite effector molecules as part of a combinational strategy to combat malaria are considered. Finally, the limitations and ethics of using gene drives for mosquito control are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kubendran Naidoo
- SAMRC/Wits Antiviral Gene Therapy Research Unit, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
- National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa.
- Wits Research Institute for Malaria, Faculty of Health Sciences, National Health Laboratory Service, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
- Infectious Diseases and Oncology Research Institute (IDORI), Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa.
| | - Shüné V Oliver
- Wits Research Institute for Malaria, Faculty of Health Sciences, National Health Laboratory Service, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, South Africa
- Centre for Emerging Zoonotic and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, Johannesburg, South Africa
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Ain QT, Saleem N, Munawar N, Nawaz R, Naseer F, Ahmed S. Quest for malaria management using natural remedies. Front Pharmacol 2024; 15:1359890. [PMID: 39011507 PMCID: PMC11247327 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2024.1359890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
Malaria, transmitted through the bite of a Plasmodium-infected Anopheles mosquito, remains a significant global health concern. This review examines the complex life cycle of Plasmodium, emphasizing the role of humans and mosquitoes in its transmission and proliferation. Malarial parasites are transmitted as sporozoites to the human body by biting an infected female Anopheles mosquito. These sporozoites then invade liver cells, multiply, and release merozoites, which infect red blood cells, perpetuating the cycle. As this cycle continues, the affected person starts experiencing the clinical symptoms of the disease. The current treatments for malaria, including chloroquine, artemisinin-based combination therapy, and quinine, are discussed alongside the challenges of drug resistance and misdiagnosis. Although efforts have been made to develop a malarial vaccine, they have so far been unsuccessful. Additionally, the review explores the potential of medicinal plants as remedies for malaria, highlighting the efficacy of compounds derived from Artemisia annua, Cinchona species, and Helianthus annuus L., as well as exploration of plants and phytocompounds like cryptolepine, and isoliquiritigenin against drug-resistant Plasmodium species. Moreover, studies from Pakistan further highlight the diverse vegetal resources utilized in malaria treatment, emphasizing the need for further research into natural remedies. Despite the advantages of herbal medicines, including cost-effectiveness, and fewer side effects; their limitations must be taken into account, including variations in potency and potential drug interactions. The review concludes by advocating for a balanced approach to malaria treatment and prevention, emphasizing the importance of early detection, accurate diagnosis, and integrated efforts to combat the disease in the endemic regions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qura Tul Ain
- Shifa College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Shifa College of Medicine, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Nida Saleem
- Shifa College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Nayla Munawar
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rukhsana Nawaz
- Department of Clinical Psychology, College of Medicine and Health Sciences, United Arab Emirates University, Al Ain, United Arab Emirates
| | - Faiza Naseer
- Shifa College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan
- Department of Biosciences, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Sagheer Ahmed
- Shifa College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Shifa Tameer-e-Millat University, Islamabad, Pakistan
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Longo-Pendy NM, Sevidzem SL, Makanga BK, Ndotit-Manguiengha S, Boussougou-Sambe ST, Obame Ondo Kutomy P, Obame-Nkoghe J, Nkoghe-Nkoghe LC, Ngossanga B, Mvoubou FK, Koumba CRZ, Adegnika AA, Razack AS, Mavoungou JF, Mintsa-Nguema R. Assessment of environmental and spatial factors influencing the establishment of Anopheles gambiae larval habitats in the malaria endemic province of Woleu-Ntem, northern Gabon. Malar J 2024; 23:158. [PMID: 38773512 PMCID: PMC11106858 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-024-04980-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/10/2024] [Indexed: 05/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aimed to assess the spatial distribution of Anopheles mosquito larval habitats and the environmental factors associated with them, as a prerequisite for the implementation of larviciding. METHODS The study was conducted in December 2021, during the transition period between the end of the short rainy season (September-November) and the short dry season (December-February). Physical, biological, and land cover data were integrated with entomological observations to collect Anopheles larvae in three major towns: Mitzic, Oyem, and Bitam, using the "dipping" method during the transition from rainy to dry season. The collected larvae were then reared in a field laboratory established for the study period. After the Anopheles mosquitoes had emerged, their species were identified using appropriate morphological taxonomic keys. To determine the influence of environmental factors on the breeding of Anopheles mosquitoes, multiple-factor analysis (MFA) and a binomial generalized linear model were used. RESULTS According to the study, only 33.1% out of the 284 larval habitats examined were found to be positive for Anopheles larvae, which were primarily identified as belonging to the Anopheles gambiae complex. The findings of the research suggested that the presence of An. gambiae complex larvae in larval habitats was associated with various significant factors such as higher urbanization, the size and type of the larval habitats (pools and puddles), co-occurrence with Culex and Aedes larvae, hot spots in ambient temperature, moderate rainfall, and land use patterns. CONCLUSIONS The results of this research mark the initiation of a focused vector control plan that aims to eradicate or lessen the larval habitats of An. gambiae mosquitoes in Gabon's Woleu Ntem province. This approach deals with the root causes of malaria transmission through larvae and is consistent with the World Health Organization's (WHO) worldwide objective to decrease malaria prevalence in regions where it is endemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Neil-Michel Longo-Pendy
- Unité de Recherche en Ecologie de la Santé (URES), Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville, Gabon.
| | - Silas Lendzele Sevidzem
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Maladies Transmissibles (LEMAT), Université Libreville Nord (ULN), Libreville, Gabon
| | | | - Saturnin Ndotit-Manguiengha
- Institut de Recherche en Écologie Tropicale (IRET), Libreville, Gabon
- Agence Gabonaise d'Etudes et d'Observations Spatiales (AGEOS), Libreville, Gabon
| | | | - Piazzy Obame Ondo Kutomy
- Programme National de Lutte Contre Le Paludisme (PNLP), Libreville, Gabon
- Universite Cheikh Anta Diop de Dakar (UCAD), Dakar, Sénégal
| | - Judicaël Obame-Nkoghe
- Unité de Recherche en Ecologie de la Santé (URES), Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville, Gabon
- Université des Sciences et Techniques de Masuku (USTM), Franceville, Gabon
- Department of Zoology and Entomology, Faculty of Natural and Agricultural Sciences, University of the Free State, Phuthaditjhaba, Republic of South Africa
| | - Lynda-Chancelya Nkoghe-Nkoghe
- Unité de Recherche en Ecologie de la Santé (URES), Centre Interdisciplinaire de Recherches Médicales de Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville, Gabon
| | | | | | | | - Ayôla Akim Adegnika
- Centre de Recherches Médicales de Lambaréné, Lambaréné, Gabon
- Institut Für Tropenmedizin, Eberhard Karls Universität, Tübingen, Germany
- Fondation Pour la Recherche Scientifique (FORS), P.O. Box 88, Cotonou, Benin
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), Partner site Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | | | | | - Rodrigue Mintsa-Nguema
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Maladies Transmissibles (LEMAT), Université Libreville Nord (ULN), Libreville, Gabon
- Institut de Recherche en Écologie Tropicale (IRET), Libreville, Gabon
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Shamseldean MSM, Attia MM, Korany RMS, Othman NA, Allam SFM. Comparative biotoxicity study for identifying better alternative insecticide especially green nano-emulsion which used as mosquitocides. BMC Vet Res 2024; 20:149. [PMID: 38643105 PMCID: PMC11031904 DOI: 10.1186/s12917-024-03992-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/22/2024] Open
Abstract
This research work was planned to test biosafety of different nanomaterials on the different animals models. These nanoparticles were previously used as potential insecticides of mosquito larvae. The biosafety of these nanoproducts were evaluated on certain organs of non target animals that associated with mosquito breeding sites in Egypt. Animal organs such as the kidneys of rats, toads, and the fish's spleen were used as models to study the biological toxicity of these nanomaterials. After 30 days of the animals receiving the nanomaterials in their water supply, different cell mediated immune cells were assessed in these tissues. Both TNF-α and BAX immuno-expression were also used as immunohistochemical markers. Histopathology was conducted to detect the effect of the tested nanoproducts at the tissue level of the liver and kidneys of both the rats and toads. Green nanoemulsion of the lavender essential oil was relatively more effective, safe, and biodegradable to be used as insecticides against mosquito larvae than the metal-based nanomaterials.
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Affiliation(s)
- Muhammad S M Shamseldean
- Applied Center for Entomonematodes, Department of Zoology and Agricultural Nematology, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Marwa M Attia
- Department of Parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt.
| | - Reda M S Korany
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, 12211, Egypt
| | - Nehal A Othman
- Applied Center for Entomonematodes, Department of Zoology and Agricultural Nematology, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
| | - Sally F M Allam
- Applied Center for Entomonematodes, Department of Zoology and Agricultural Nematology, Faculty of Agriculture, Cairo University, Giza, 12613, Egypt
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Patt JM, Makagon A, Norton B, Marvit M, Rutschman P, Neligeorge M, Salesin J. An optical system to detect, surveil, and kill flying insect vectors of human and crop pathogens. Sci Rep 2024; 14:8174. [PMID: 38589427 PMCID: PMC11002038 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-57804-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Sustainable and effective means to control flying insect vectors are critically needed, especially with widespread insecticide resistance and global climate change. Understanding and controlling vectors requires accurate information about their movement and activity, which is often lacking. The Photonic Fence (PF) is an optical system that uses machine vision, infrared light, and lasers to identify, track, and interdict vectors in flight. The PF examines an insect's outline, flight speed, and other flight parameters and if these match those of a targeted vector species, then a low-power, retina-safe laser kills it. We report on proof-of-concept tests of a large, field-sized PF (30 mL × 3 mH) conducted with Aedes aegypti, a mosquito that transmits dangerous arboviruses, and Diaphorina citri, a psyllid which transmits the fatal huanglongbing disease of citrus. In tests with the laser engaged, < 1% and 3% of A. aegypti and D. citri, respectfully, were recovered versus a 38% and 19% recovery when the lacer was silenced. The PF tracked, but did not intercept the orchid bee, Euglossa dilemma. The system effectively intercepted flying vectors, but not bees, at a distance of 30 m, heralding the use of photonic energy, rather than chemicals, to control flying vectors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph M Patt
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, Fort Pierce, FL, 34945, USA.
| | - Arty Makagon
- Global Health Labs (Formerly Global Good Fund I, LLC), Bellevue, WA, 98007, USA
| | - Bryan Norton
- Global Health Labs (Formerly Global Good Fund I, LLC), Bellevue, WA, 98007, USA
| | - Maclen Marvit
- Global Health Labs (Formerly Global Good Fund I, LLC), Bellevue, WA, 98007, USA
| | - Phillip Rutschman
- Global Health Labs (Formerly Global Good Fund I, LLC), Bellevue, WA, 98007, USA
| | - Matt Neligeorge
- Global Health Labs (Formerly Global Good Fund I, LLC), Bellevue, WA, 98007, USA
| | - Jeremy Salesin
- Global Health Labs (Formerly Global Good Fund I, LLC), Bellevue, WA, 98007, USA
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Fauziah N, Rinawan FR, Nugraha NF, Faridah L, Jati KM, Dakosta A, Santika MK, Zakiyyudin MY, Muhsin A, Rizkillah KF, Nisa MN, Ristandi RB. Malaria elimination in West Java, Indonesia: A descriptive-and-qualitative study. J Vector Borne Dis 2024; 61:183-194. [PMID: 38922652 DOI: 10.4103/jvbd.jvbd_113_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Accepted: 09/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND OBJECTIVES Following World Health Organization (WHO) plans for thirty-five malaria-endemic countries, Indonesia will eliminate malaria by 2030. As one of the Indonesian provinces, West Java targeted subnational malaria elimination in 2022. This article aims to describe malaria surveillance data and elimination programs, including weaknesses in sustaining the program. METHODS This study used secondary data from malaria surveillance information system regencies/cities' case reports for 2019-2022 and achievement data of sub-national malaria elimination certification from each regency/city from 2014-2022. The data was confirmed from the evaluation study document, analysis of reported cases, and interviews. RESULTS Most cases were confirmed by microscopic examination (84.1% in 2021 and 94.4% in 2022) and rapid diagnostic tests (57% in 2019 and 58.1% in 2020). Malaria is more prevalent among men (93% in 2019, 95% in 2020, 96% in 2021, and 95.9% in 2022) and productive ages of 15-64 years (98.8% in 2019, 100% in 2020, 99.2% in 2021, and 98.8% in 2022), frequently occurs in the military (56.3% in 2019, 75.7% in 2020, 45.2% in 2021) and police (40.5% in 2022), often uses passive case detection for identifying cases (97.9% in 2019 and 2020, 95.2% in 2021, and 97.6% in 2022), and the majority undergo inpatient treatment (86.4% in 2019, 81.7% in 2021, and 82.6% in 2022). Most positive cases originated from imported cases, and last indigenous cases were still found in 2019. Plasmodium vivax dominated malaria cases and and relapses were high (55.0% in 2020, and 47.3% in 2022). INTERPRETATION CONCLUSION All regencies/cities have obtained sub-national malaria elimination certification in 2022. West Java has the potential to be verified for Java-Bali sub-national malaria elimination targeted in 2023, albeit cases of imported malaria still occur. It is imperative to address the issue of imported cases transitioning into locally transmitted cases (introduced) by effective coordination across all regencies/cities and inter-provincial efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nisa Fauziah
- Division of Parasitology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, West Java, Indonesia
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, West Java, Indonesia
- Research Center for Care and Control of Infectious Disease, Universitas Padjadjaran, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Fedri Ruluwedrata Rinawan
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, West Java, Indonesia
- Center for Health System Study and Health Workforce Education Innovation, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, West Java, Indonesia
- Indonesian Society for Remote Sensing Branch West Java, Indoenesia
| | - Naufal Fakhri Nugraha
- Research Center for Care and Control of Infectious Disease, Universitas Padjadjaran, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Lia Faridah
- Division of Parasitology, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, West Java, Indonesia
- Laboratory of Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, West Java, Indonesia
- Research Center for Care and Control of Infectious Disease, Universitas Padjadjaran, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Karomahul Malaya Jati
- Undergraduate Medical Study Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Angelina Dakosta
- Undergraduate Medical Study Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Mahatyanta Kalya Santika
- Undergraduate Medical Study Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Muhammad Yusuf Zakiyyudin
- Undergraduate Medical Study Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, West Java, Indonesia
| | - Ahmad Muhsin
- Undergraduate Medical Study Program, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, West Java, Indonesia
| | | | - Miftahul Nurun Nisa
- Health Polytechnic of Health Ministry Yogyakarta, Yogyakarta, Indonesia
- World Health Organization (WHO) Country Office of Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
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Du J, Yin H, Li J, Zhang W, Ding G, Zhou D, Sun Y, Shen B. Transcription factor B-H2 regulates CYP9J34 expression conveying deltamethrin resistance in Culex pipiens pallens. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2024; 80:1991-2000. [PMID: 38092527 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/19/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mosquitoes are vectors of various diseases, posing significant health threats worldwide. Chemical pesticides, particularly pyrethroids like deltamethrin, are commonly used for mosquito control, but the emergence of resistant mosquito populations has become a concern. In the deltamethrin-resistant (DR) strain of Culex pipiens pallens, the highly expressed cytochrome P450 9 J34 (CYP9J34) gene is believed to play a role in resistance, yet the underlying mechanism remains unclear. RESULTS Quantitative polymerase chain reaction with reverse transcription (qRT-PCR) analysis revealed that the expression of CYP9J34 was 14.6-fold higher in DR strains than in deltamethrin-susceptible (DS) strains. The recombinant production of CYP9J34 protein of Cx. pipiens pallens showed that the protein could directly metabolize deltamethrin, yielding the major metabolite 4'-OH deltamethrin. Through dual luciferase reporter assays and RNA interference, the transcription factor homeobox protein B-H2-like (B-H2) was identified to modulate the expression of the CYP9J34 gene, contributing to mosquito resistance to deltamethrin. CONCLUSIONS Our findings demonstrate that the CYP9J34 protein could directly degrade deltamethrin, and the transcription factor B-H2 could regulate CYP9J34 expression, influencing the resistance of mosquitoes to deltamethrin. © 2023 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiajia Du
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haitao Yin
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinze Li
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Wenxing Zhang
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guangshuo Ding
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Dan Zhou
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yan Sun
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Bo Shen
- Department of Pathogen Biology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
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Ragavendran K, Selvakumaran J, MuthuKanagavel M, Ignacimuthu S, Alharbi NS, Thiruvengadam M, Mutheeswaran S, Ganesan P. Effect of Mosquitocidal, histopathological alteration and non target effects of Sigesbeckia orientalis L. on Anopheles stephensi Liston, Culex quinquefasciatus say and Aedes aegypti L. Vet Parasitol Reg Stud Reports 2024; 49:100997. [PMID: 38462302 DOI: 10.1016/j.vprsr.2024.100997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 03/12/2024]
Abstract
Diseases transmitted by vectors have a significant collision on society and community health, particularly in tropical and subtropical regions, where they can cause large-scale outbreaks shortly after initial transmission. The intent of this investigation was to study the plant extract derived from Sigesbeckia orientalis L. in controlling the immature stages of Anopheles, Culex and Aedes mosquitoes, while also considering its potential toxicity to ecosystems. The immature stages were exposed to different extracts (62.5-500 ppm), and the mortality of larvae and pupae, as well as ovicidal activity, were noted after 24 and 120 h of the experiment. The hexane and ethyl aceate extract of S. orientalis presented 100% ovicidal activity against the eggs of Anopheles, Aedes and Culex at 500 ppm concentration after 5 days of treatment. The hexane and ethylacetate extracts presented strong larvicidal activity with LC50 values of 215.7, 332.0, 197.4 and 212.6, 694.9 and 201.7 ppm against treated mosquitoes at 24 h, respectively. The same extract also presented promising pupicidal activity. The LC50 values of hexane extract were 219.6, 353.6, 194.2 and LC50 values of ethyl acetate were 257.6, 387.8 and 259.07 ppm against early stage pupae of three vector mosquitoes, respectively. The extracts from S. orientalis had strong inhibitory activity against growth and development of mosquitoes. SI/PSF values showed that the extracts of S. orientalis did not harm Poecilia reticulata, Diplonychus indicus (Water bug), Gambusia affinis and dragon fly nymph at tested concentrations. Furthermore, examinations of histopathology and growth disruption revealed significant damage to the midgut cells in the treated larvae. The formulations utilizing hexane and ethyl acetate extracts exhibited potent activity without posing any toxicity towards non-target organisms. This study clearly indicated that hexane and ethylacetate extracts showed promising results against treated mosquitoes. The present study documents the first report of the extracts from S. orientalis and they can be further assessed to identify compounds for application purposes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamaraj Ragavendran
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biology, Xavier Research Foundation, St. Xavier's College (Manonmaniam Sundaranar University), Palayamkottai, Tirunelveli, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Jeyaraj Selvakumaran
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biology, Xavier Research Foundation, St. Xavier's College (Manonmaniam Sundaranar University), Palayamkottai, Tirunelveli, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Mariappan MuthuKanagavel
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biology, Xavier Research Foundation, St. Xavier's College (Manonmaniam Sundaranar University), Palayamkottai, Tirunelveli, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Savarimuthu Ignacimuthu
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biology, Xavier Research Foundation, St. Xavier's College (Manonmaniam Sundaranar University), Palayamkottai, Tirunelveli, Tamilnadu, India; The Anna and Donald Waite Chair, Creighton University, Omaha, United States of America.
| | - Naiyf S Alharbi
- Department of Botany and Microbiology, College of Science, King Saud University, P. O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Muthu Thiruvengadam
- Department of Crop Science, College of Sanghuh Life Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, South Korea
| | - Subramanian Mutheeswaran
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biology, Xavier Research Foundation, St. Xavier's College (Manonmaniam Sundaranar University), Palayamkottai, Tirunelveli, Tamilnadu, India
| | - Pathalam Ganesan
- Interdisciplinary Research Centre in Biology, Xavier Research Foundation, St. Xavier's College (Manonmaniam Sundaranar University), Palayamkottai, Tirunelveli, Tamilnadu, India.
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Zhou G, Githure J, Lee MC, Zhong D, Wang X, Atieli H, Githeko AK, Kazura J, Yan G. Malaria transmission heterogeneity in different eco-epidemiological areas of western Kenya: a region-wide observational and risk classification study for adaptive intervention planning. Malar J 2024; 23:74. [PMID: 38475793 PMCID: PMC10935946 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-024-04903-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2023] [Accepted: 03/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding of malaria ecology is a prerequisite for designing locally adapted control strategies in resource-limited settings. The aim of this study was to utilize the spatial heterogeneity in malaria transmission for the designing of adaptive interventions. METHODS Field collections of clinical malaria incidence, asymptomatic Plasmodium infection, and malaria vector data were conducted from 108 randomly selected clusters which covered different landscape settings including irrigated farming, seasonal flooding area, lowland dryland farming, and highlands in western Kenya. Spatial heterogeneity of malaria was analyzed and classified into different eco-epidemiological zones. RESULTS There was strong heterogeneity and detected hot/cold spots in clinical malaria incidence, Plasmodium prevalence, and vector abundance. The study area was classified into four zones based on clinical malaria incidence, parasite prevalence, vector density, and altitude. The two irrigated zones have either the highest malaria incidence, parasite prevalence, or the highest malaria vector density; the highlands have the lowest vector density and parasite prevalence; and the dryland and flooding area have the average clinical malaria incidence, parasite prevalence and vector density. Different zones have different vector species, species compositions and predominant species. Both indoor and outdoor transmission may have contributed to the malaria transmission in the area. Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto (s.s.), Anopheles arabiensis, Anopheles funestus s.s., and Anopheles leesoni had similar human blood index and malaria parasite sporozoite rate. CONCLUSION The multi-transmission-indicator-based eco-epidemiological zone classifications will be helpful for making decisions on locally adapted malaria interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guofa Zhou
- Program in Public Health, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA.
| | - John Githure
- Sub-Saharan International Center of Excellence for Malaria Research, Tom Mboya University, Homa Bay, Kenya
| | - Ming-Chieh Lee
- Program in Public Health, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Daibin Zhong
- Program in Public Health, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Xiaoming Wang
- Program in Public Health, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Harrysone Atieli
- Sub-Saharan International Center of Excellence for Malaria Research, Tom Mboya University, Homa Bay, Kenya
| | - Andrew K Githeko
- Centre for Global Health Research, Kenya Medical Research Institute, Kisumu, Kenya
| | - James Kazura
- Center for Global Health and Diseases, School of Medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Guiyun Yan
- Program in Public Health, University of California, Irvine, CA, USA
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Wiedemann BM, Takeuchi K, Ohta K, Kato-Namba A, Yabuki M, Kazama H, Nakagawa T. Hydrophobic solution functions as a multifaceted mosquito repellent by enhancing chemical transfer, altering object tracking, and forming aversive memory. Sci Rep 2024; 14:5422. [PMID: 38443480 PMCID: PMC10914761 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-55975-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 02/29/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Developing a safe and potent repellent of mosquitoes applicable to human skins is an effective measure against the spread of mosquito-borne diseases. Recently, we have identified that hydrophobic solutions such as low viscosity polydimethylsiloxane (L-PDMS) spread on a human skin prevent mosquitoes from staying on and biting it. This is likely due to the ability of L-PDMS in wetting mosquito legs and exerting a capillary force from which the mosquitoes attempt to escape. Here we show three additional functions of L-PDMS that can contribute to repel Aedes albopictus, by combining physicochemical analysis and behavioral assays in both an arm cage and a virtual flight arena. First, L-PDMS, when mixed with topical repellents and applied on a human skin, enhances the effect of topical repellents in reducing mosquito bites by efficiently transferring them to mosquito legs upon contact. Second, L-PDMS applied to mosquito tarsi compromises visual object tracking during flight, exerting an influence outlasting the contact. Finally, L-PDMS applied to mosquito tarsi acts as an aversive reinforcer in associative learning, making mosquitoes avoid the conditioned odor. These results uncover a multifaceted potential of L-PDMS in altering a sequence of mosquito behaviors from biting a human skin, visual object tracking following takeoff, to the response to an odor linked with L-PDMS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bianca M Wiedemann
- Human Health Care Products Research, Kao Corporation, 2‑1‑3 Bunka, Sumida, Tokyo, 131‑8501, Japan.
| | - Kohei Takeuchi
- Human Health Care Products Research, Kao Corporation, 2‑1‑3 Bunka, Sumida, Tokyo, 131‑8501, Japan
- Sensory Science Research, Kao Corporation, 2‑1‑3 Bunka, Sumida, Tokyo, 131‑8501, Japan
| | - Kazumi Ohta
- RIKEN Center for Brain Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
- RIKEN CBS-KAO Collaboration Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan
| | - Aya Kato-Namba
- Human Health Care Products Research, Kao Corporation, 2‑1‑3 Bunka, Sumida, Tokyo, 131‑8501, Japan
| | - Masayuki Yabuki
- Sensory Science Research, Kao Corporation, 2‑1‑3 Bunka, Sumida, Tokyo, 131‑8501, Japan
| | - Hokto Kazama
- RIKEN Center for Brain Science, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
- RIKEN CBS-KAO Collaboration Center, 2-1 Hirosawa, Wako, Saitama, 351-0198, Japan.
- Graduate School of Arts and Sciences, The University of Tokyo, 3-8-1 Komaba, Meguro-ku, Tokyo, 153-8902, Japan.
| | - Takao Nakagawa
- Human Health Care Products Research, Kao Corporation, 2‑1‑3 Bunka, Sumida, Tokyo, 131‑8501, Japan
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Alghamdi SQ, Alotaibi NF, Al-Ghamdi SN, Alqarni LS, Amna T, Moustafa SMN, Alsohaimi IH, Alruwaili IA, Nassar AM. High Antiparasitic and Antimicrobial Performance of Biosynthesized NiO Nanoparticles via Wasted Olive Leaf Extract. Int J Nanomedicine 2024; 19:1469-1485. [PMID: 38380146 PMCID: PMC10876883 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s443965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Background Nowadays, recycling agricultural waste is of the utmost importance in the world for the production of valuable bioactive compounds and environmental protection. Olive leaf bioactive compounds have a significant potential impact on the pharmaceutical industry. These compounds possess remarkable biological characteristics, including antimicrobial, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, hypoglycemic, and antioxidant properties. Methods The present study demonstrates a green synthetic approach for the fabrication of nickel oxide nanoparticles (NiO-olive) using aqueous wasted olive leaf extract. Calcination of NiO-olive at 500°C led to the fabrication of pure NiO nanoparticles (NiO-pure). Different techniques, such as thermal gravimetric analysis (TGA), Fourier-transform infrared spectra (FTIR), ultraviolet-visible spectra (UV-Vis), X-ray diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) fitted with energy-dispersive X-ray analysis (EDX), and transmission electron microscopy (TEM), were used to characterize both NiO-olive and NiO-pure. The extract and nanoparticles were assessed for antiparasitic activity against adult ticks (Hyalomma dromedarii) and antimicrobial activity against Bacillus cereus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aspergillus niger, and Candida albicans. Results From XRD, the crystal sizes of NiO-olive and NiO-pure were 32.94 nm and 13.85 nm, respectively. TGA, FTIR, and EDX showed the presence of olive organic residues in NiO-olive and their absence in NiO-pure. SEM and TEM showed an asymmetrical structure of NiO-olive and a regular, semi-spherical structure of NiO-pure. UV-Vis spectra showed surface plasmon resonance of NPs. Antiparasitic activity showed the highest mortality rate of 95% observed at a concentration of 0.06 mg/mL after four days of incubation. The antimicrobial activity showed the largest inhibition zone diameter of 33 ± 0.2 mm against the Candida albicans strain. Conclusion Nanoparticles of NiO-olive outperformed nanoparticles of NiO-pure and olive leaf extract in both antiparasitic and antimicrobial tests. These findings imply that NiO-olive may be widely used as an eco-friendly and effective antiparasitic and disinfection of sewage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samia Q Alghamdi
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha, 65799Saudi Arabia
| | - N F Alotaibi
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - Sameera N Al-Ghamdi
- Chemistry Department, Faculty of Science, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Laila S Alqarni
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, Imam Mohammad Ibn Saud Islamic University (IMSIU), Riyadh, 11623Saudi Arabia
| | - Touseef Amna
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Al-Baha University, Al-Baha, 65799Saudi Arabia
| | - Shaima M N Moustafa
- Biology Department, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | | | - I A Alruwaili
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
| | - A M Nassar
- Chemistry Department, College of Science, Jouf University, Sakaka, Saudi Arabia
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12
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Arora G, Tang X, Cui Y, Yang J, Chuang YM, Joshi J, Sajid A, Dong Y, Cresswell P, Dimopoulos G, Fikrig E. mosGILT controls innate immunity and germ cell development in Anopheles gambiae. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:42. [PMID: 38191283 PMCID: PMC10775533 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09887-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 12/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Gene-edited mosquitoes lacking a gamma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase-like protein, namely (mosGILTnull) have lower Plasmodium infection, which is linked to impaired ovarian development and immune activation. The transcriptome of mosGILTnull Anopheles gambiae was therefore compared to wild type (WT) mosquitoes by RNA-sequencing to delineate mosGILT-dependent pathways. Compared to WT mosquitoes, mosGILTnull A. gambiae demonstrated altered expression of genes related to oogenesis, 20-hydroxyecdysone synthesis, as well as immune-related genes. Serendipitously, the zero population growth gene, zpg, an essential regulator of germ cell development was found to be one of the most downregulated genes in mosGILTnull mosquitoes. These results provide a crucial missing link between two previous studies on the role of zpg and mosGILT in ovarian development. This study further demonstrates that mosGILT has the potential to serve as a target for the biological control of mosquito vectors and to influence the Plasmodium life cycle within the vector.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gunjan Arora
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, 06520, USA.
| | - Xiaotian Tang
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, 06520, USA
| | - Yingjun Cui
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, 06520, USA
| | - Jing Yang
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, 06520, USA
- Current Affiliation: Cuiying Biomedical Research Center, Lanzhou University Second Hospital, Lanzhou, Gansu, 730030, China
| | - Yu-Min Chuang
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, 06520, USA
| | - Jayadev Joshi
- Genomic Medicine Institute, Cleveland Clinic, Cleveland, Ohio, 44195, USA
| | - Andaleeb Sajid
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, 06520, USA
| | - Yuemei Dong
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, USA
| | - Peter Cresswell
- Department of Immunobiology, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, 06510, USA
| | - George Dimopoulos
- W. Harry Feinstone Department of Molecular Microbiology and Immunology, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland, 21205, USA
| | - Erol Fikrig
- Section of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, Yale School of Medicine, New Haven, Connecticut, 06520, USA.
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Naik BR, Tyagi BK, Xue RD. Mosquito-borne diseases in India over the past 50 years and their Global Public Health Implications: A Systematic Review. JOURNAL OF THE AMERICAN MOSQUITO CONTROL ASSOCIATION 2023; 39:258-277. [PMID: 38108431 DOI: 10.2987/23-7131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
Mosquito-borne diseases (MBDs) pose a significant public health concern globally, and India, with its unique eco-sociodemographic characteristics, is particularly vulnerable to these diseases. This comprehensive review aims to provide an in-depth overview of MBDs in India, emphasizing their impact and potential implications for global health. The article explores distribution, epidemiology, control or elimination, and economic burden of the prevalent diseases such as malaria, dengue, chikungunya, Japanese encephalitis, and lymphatic filariasis, which collectively contribute to millions of cases annually. It sheds light on their profound effects on morbidity, mortality, and socioeconomic burdens and the potential for international transmission through travel and trade. The challenges and perspectives associated with controlling mosquito populations are highlighted, underscoring the importance of effective public health communication for prevention and early detection. The potential for these diseases to spread beyond national borders is recognized, necessitating a holistic approach to address the challenge. A comprehensive literature search was conducted, covering the past five decades (1972-2022), utilizing databases such as Web of Science, PubMed, and Google Scholar, in addition to in-person library consultations. The literature review analyzed 4,082 articles initially identified through various databases. After screening and eligibility assessment, 252 articles were included for analysis. The review focused on malaria, dengue, chikungunya, Japanese encephalitis, and lymphatic filariasis. The included studies focused on MBDs occurrence in India, while those conducted outside India, lacking statistical analysis, or published before 1970 were excluded. This review provides valuable insights into the status of MBDs in India and underscores the need for concerted efforts to combat these diseases on both national and global scales through consilience.
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14
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Adegbite G, Edeki S, Isewon I, Emmanuel J, Dokunmu T, Rotimi S, Oyelade J, Adebiyi E. Mathematical modeling of malaria transmission dynamics in humans with mobility and control states. Infect Dis Model 2023; 8:1015-1031. [PMID: 37649792 PMCID: PMC10463202 DOI: 10.1016/j.idm.2023.08.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2023] [Revised: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Malaria importation is one of the hypothetical drivers of malaria transmission dynamics across the globe. Several studies on malaria importation focused on the effect of the use of conventional malaria control strategies as approved by the World Health Organization (WHO) on malaria transmission dynamics but did not capture the effect of the use of traditional malaria control strategies by vigilant humans. In order to handle the aforementioned situation, a novel system of Ordinary Differential Equations (ODEs) was developed comprising the human and the malaria vector compartments. Analysis of the system was carried out to assess its quantitative properties. The novel computational algorithm used to solve the developed system of ODEs was implemented and benchmarked with the existing Runge-Kutta numerical solution method. Furthermore, simulations of different vigilant conditions useful to control malaria were carried out. The novel system of malaria models was well-posed and epidemiologically meaningful based on its quantitative properties. The novel algorithm performed relatively better in terms of model simulation accuracy than Runge-Kutta. At the best model-fit condition of 98% vigilance to the use of conventional and traditional malaria control strategies, this study revealed that malaria importation has a persistent impact on malaria transmission dynamics. In lieu of this, this study opined that total vigilance to the use of the WHO-approved and traditional malaria management tools would be the most effective control strategy against malaria importation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gbenga Adegbite
- Covenant University Bioinformatics Research, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria
- Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria
| | - Sunday Edeki
- Covenant University Bioinformatics Research, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria
- Department of Mathematics, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria
| | - Itunuoluwa Isewon
- Covenant University Bioinformatics Research, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria
- Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria
- Covenant Applied Informatics and Communications-African Centre of Excellence, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Jerry Emmanuel
- Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria
- Covenant Applied Informatics and Communications-African Centre of Excellence, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Titilope Dokunmu
- Covenant University Bioinformatics Research, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria
- Department of Biochemistry, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria
- Covenant Applied Informatics and Communications-African Centre of Excellence, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Solomon Rotimi
- Covenant University Bioinformatics Research, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria
- Department of Biochemistry, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria
- Covenant Applied Informatics and Communications-African Centre of Excellence, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Jelili Oyelade
- Covenant University Bioinformatics Research, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria
- Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria
- Covenant Applied Informatics and Communications-African Centre of Excellence, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
| | - Ezekiel Adebiyi
- Covenant University Bioinformatics Research, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria
- Department of Computer and Information Sciences, Covenant University, Ota, Nigeria
- Covenant Applied Informatics and Communications-African Centre of Excellence, Covenant University, Ota, Ogun State, Nigeria
- Division of Applied Bioinformatics, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
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15
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Sare I, Baldini F, Viana M, Badolo A, Djigma F, Diabate A, Bilgo E. Adhesion and virulence properties of native Metarhizium fungal strains from Burkina Faso for the control of malaria vectors. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:406. [PMID: 37936204 PMCID: PMC10629044 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-05831-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2023] [Accepted: 06/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Local strains of the entomopathogenic fungus Metarhizium pingshaense in Burkina Faso have demonstrated remarkable virulence against malaria vectors, positioning them as promising candidates for inclusion in the future arsenal of malaria control strategies. However, the underlying mechanisms responsible for this virulence remain unknown. To comprehend the fungal infection process, it is crucial to investigate the attachment mechanisms of fungal spores to the mosquito cuticle and explore the relationship between virulence and attachment kinetics. This study aims to assess the adhesion and virulence properties of native Metarhizium fungal strains from Burkina Faso for controlling malaria vectors. METHODS Fungal strains were isolated from 201 insects and 1399 rhizosphere samples, and four strains of Metarhizium fungi were selected. Fungal suspensions were used to infect 3-day-old female Anopheles coluzzii mosquitoes at three different concentrations (106, 107, 108 conidia/ml). The survival of the mosquitoes was measured over 14 days, and fungal growth was quantified after 1 and 24 h to assess adhesion of the fungal strains onto the mosquito cuticle. RESULTS All four fungi strains increased mosquito mortality compared to control (Chi-square test, χ2 = 286.55, df = 4, P < 0.001). Adhesion of the fungal strains was observed on the mosquito cuticle after 24 h at high concentrations (1 × 108 conidia/ml), with one strain, having the highest virulent, showing adhesion after just 1 h. CONCLUSION The native strains of Metarhizium spp. fungi found in Burkina Faso have the potential to be effective biocontrol agents against malaria vectors, with some strains showing high levels of both virulence and adhesion to the mosquito cuticle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Issiaka Sare
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Direction Régionale de l'Ouest, BP 545, Bobo-Dioulasso 01, Burkina Faso
- Institut National de Santé Publique / Centre Muraz, BP 390, Bobo-Dioulasso 01, Burkina Faso
- Laboratoire d'Entomologie Fondamentale et Appliquée (LEFA), Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo, BP 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et de Génétique (LABIOGENE), Ecole Doctorale Sciences et Technologie, Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo, BP 7021, Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso
- Centre de Recherche Biomoléculaire Piétro Annigoni (CERBA), BP 364, Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso
| | - Francesco Baldini
- School of Biodiversity One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Mafalda Viana
- School of Biodiversity One Health and Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Athanase Badolo
- Laboratoire d'Entomologie Fondamentale et Appliquée (LEFA), Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo, BP 7021, Ouagadougou 03, Burkina Faso
| | - Florencia Djigma
- Laboratoire de Biologie Moléculaire et de Génétique (LABIOGENE), Ecole Doctorale Sciences et Technologie, Université Joseph Ki-Zerbo, BP 7021, Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso
- Centre de Recherche Biomoléculaire Piétro Annigoni (CERBA), BP 364, Ouagadougou 01, Burkina Faso
| | - Abdoulaye Diabate
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Direction Régionale de l'Ouest, BP 545, Bobo-Dioulasso 01, Burkina Faso.
- Institut National de Santé Publique / Centre Muraz, BP 390, Bobo-Dioulasso 01, Burkina Faso.
| | - Etienne Bilgo
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé, Direction Régionale de l'Ouest, BP 545, Bobo-Dioulasso 01, Burkina Faso.
- Institut National de Santé Publique / Centre Muraz, BP 390, Bobo-Dioulasso 01, Burkina Faso.
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16
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Pazmiño-Betancourth M, Ochoa-Gutiérrez V, Ferguson HM, González-Jiménez M, Wynne K, Baldini F, Childs D. Evaluation of diffuse reflectance spectroscopy for predicting age, species, and cuticular resistance of Anopheles gambiae s.l under laboratory conditions. Sci Rep 2023; 13:18499. [PMID: 37898634 PMCID: PMC10613238 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-45696-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 10/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Mid-infrared spectroscopy (MIRS) combined with machine learning analysis has shown potential for quick and efficient identification of mosquito species and age groups. However, current technology to collect spectra is destructive to the sample and does not allow targeting specific tissues of the mosquito, limiting the identification of other important biological traits such as insecticide resistance. Here, we assessed the use of a non-destructive approach of MIRS for vector surveillance, micro diffuse reflectance spectroscopy (µDRIFT) using mosquito legs to identify species, age and cuticular insecticide resistance within the Anopheles gambiae s.l. complex. These mosquitoes are the major vectors of malaria in Africa and the focus on surveillance in malaria control programs. Legs required significantly less scanning time and showed more spectral consistence compared to other mosquito tissues. Machine learning models were able to identify An. gambiae and An. coluzzii with an accuracy of 0.73, two ages groups (3 and 10 days old) with 0.77 accuracy and we obtained accuracy of 0.75 when identifying cuticular insecticide resistance. Our results highlight the potential of different mosquito tissues and µDRIFT as tools for biological trait identification on mosquitoes that transmit malaria. These results can guide new ways of identifying mosquito traits which can help the creation of innovative surveillance programs by adapting new technology into mosquito surveillance and control tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mauro Pazmiño-Betancourth
- School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
- School of Biodiversity, One Health & Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK.
| | - Victor Ochoa-Gutiérrez
- School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
- School of Physics and Astronomy, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Heather M Ferguson
- School of Biodiversity, One Health & Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | | | - Klaas Wynne
- School of Chemistry, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - Francesco Baldini
- School of Biodiversity, One Health & Veterinary Medicine, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
| | - David Childs
- School of Engineering, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, G12 8QQ, UK
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Harikrishnan S, Sudarshan S, Sivasubramani K, Nandini MS, Narenkumar J, Ramachandran V, Almutairi BO, Arunkumar P, Rajasekar A, Jayalakshmi S. Larvicidal and anti-termite activities of microbial biosurfactant produced by Enterobacter cloacae SJ2 isolated from marine sponge Clathria sp. Sci Rep 2023; 13:15153. [PMID: 37704703 PMCID: PMC10499797 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-42475-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
The widespread use of synthetic pesticides has resulted in a number of issues, including a rise in insecticide-resistant organisms, environmental degradation, and a hazard to human health. As a result, new microbial derived insecticides that are safe for human health and the environment are urgently needed. In this study, rhamnolipid biosurfactants produced from Enterobacter cloacae SJ2 was used to evaluate the toxicity towards mosquito larvae (Culex quinquefasciatus) and termites (Odontotermes obesus). Results showed dose dependent mortality rate was observed between the treatments. The 48 h LC50 (median lethal concentration) values of the biosurfactant were determined for termite and mosquito larvae following the non-linear regression curve fit method. Results showed larvicidal activity and anti-termite activity of biosurfactants with 48 h LC50 value (95% confidence interval) of 26.49 mg/L (25.40 to 27.57) and 33.43 mg/L (31.09 to 35.68), respectively. According to a histopathological investigation, the biosurfactant treatment caused substantial tissue damage in cellular organelles of larvae and termites. The findings of this study suggest that the microbial biosurfactant produced by E. cloacae SJ2 is an excellent and potentially effective agent for controlling Cx. quinquefasciatus and O. obesus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sekar Harikrishnan
- Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Annamalai University, Parangipettai, Tamil Nadu, 608502, India.
| | - Shanmugam Sudarshan
- Department of Aquatic Environment Management, TNJFU- Dr. M.G.R Fisheries College and Research Institute, Thalainayeru, Tamil Nadu, 614712, India
| | - Kandasamy Sivasubramani
- Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Science, Annamalai University, Annamalai Nagar, Chidambaram, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - M S Nandini
- Department of Microbiology, Sree Balaji Medical College and Hospital, Chennai, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - Jayaraman Narenkumar
- Department of Environmental & Water Resources Engineering, School of Civil Engineering (SCE), Vellore Institute of Technology, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632014, India.
| | - Vasudevan Ramachandran
- Department of Medical Sciences, University College of MAIWP International, Taman Batu Muda, 68100, Batu Caves, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
- Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha University, Chennai, India
| | - Bader O Almutairi
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Paulraj Arunkumar
- School of Chemical Engineering, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, South Korea
| | - Aruliah Rajasekar
- Environmental Molecular Microbiology Research Laboratory, Department of Biotechnology, Thiruvalluvar University, Serkkadu, Vellore, Tamil Nadu, 632115, India
| | - Singaram Jayalakshmi
- Centre of Advanced Study in Marine Biology, Faculty of Marine Sciences, Annamalai University, Parangipettai, Tamil Nadu, 608502, India
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18
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Rodrigues Dos Santos D, Lopes Chaves L, Couto Pires V, Soares Rodrigues J, Alves Siqueira de Assunção M, Bezerra Faierstein G, Gomes Barbosa Neto A, de Souza Rebouças J, Christine de Magalhães Cabral Albuquerque E, Alexandre Beisl Vieira de Melo S, Costa Gaspar M, Maria Rodrigues Barbosa R, Elga Medeiros Braga M, Cipriano de Sousa H, Rocha Formiga F. New weapons against the disease vector Aedes aegypti: From natural products to nanoparticles. Int J Pharm 2023; 643:123221. [PMID: 37437857 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Despite the global burden of viral diseases transmitted by Aedes aegypti, there is a lack of effective means of prevention and treatment. Strategies for vector control include chemical and biological approaches such as organophosphates and Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis (Bti), among others. However, important concerns are associated, such as resistance in mosquito larvae and deleterious effects on non-target organisms. In this scenario, novel approaches against A. aegypti have been investigated, including natural products (e.g. vegetable oil and extracts) and nanostructured systems. This review focuses on potential strategies for fighting A. aegypti, highlighting plant-based materials and nanomaterials able to induce toxic effects on egg, larva, pupa and adult mosquitoes. Issues including aspects of conventional vector control strategies are presented, and finally new insights on development of eco-friendly nanoformulations against A. aegypti are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Luíse Lopes Chaves
- Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), 50670-420 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | - Vinícius Couto Pires
- SENAI Institute of Innovation (ISI) in Health Advanced Systems (CIMATEC ISI SAS), University Center SENAI/CIMATEC, Salvador 41650-010, Brazil
| | - Júlia Soares Rodrigues
- Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), 50670-420 Recife, PE, Brazil; Institute of Biological Sciences, University of Pernambuco (UPE), 50100-130 Recife, PE, Brazil
| | | | | | | | | | - Elaine Christine de Magalhães Cabral Albuquerque
- Industrial Engineering Program, Polytechnic School, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), 40210-630 Salvador, BA, Brazil; Research Center in Energy and Environment (CIENAM), Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), 40170-115 Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Silvio Alexandre Beisl Vieira de Melo
- Industrial Engineering Program, Polytechnic School, Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), 40210-630 Salvador, BA, Brazil; Research Center in Energy and Environment (CIENAM), Federal University of Bahia (UFBA), 40170-115 Salvador, BA, Brazil
| | - Marisa Costa Gaspar
- CIEPQPF, Department of Chemical Engineering, FCTUC, University of Coimbra, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Mara Elga Medeiros Braga
- CIEPQPF, Department of Chemical Engineering, FCTUC, University of Coimbra, 3030-790 Coimbra, Portugal
| | | | - Fabio Rocha Formiga
- Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Cruz Foundation (FIOCRUZ), 50670-420 Recife, PE, Brazil; Faculty of Medical Sciences, University of Pernambuco (UPE), 52171-011 Recife, PE, Brazil.
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Arora G, Tang X, Cui Y, Yang J, Chuang YM, Joshi J, Sajid A, Dong Y, Cresswell P, Dimopoulos G, Fikrig E. Anopheles gambiae mosGILT regulates innate immune genes and zpg expression. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.01.551536. [PMID: 37577703 PMCID: PMC10418185 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.01.551536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
Gene-edited mosquitoes lacking a g amma-interferon-inducible lysosomal thiol reductase-like protein, namely ( mosGILT null ) have lower Plasmodium infection, which is linked to impaired ovarian development and immune activation. The transcriptome of mosGILT null A. gambiae was therefore compared to wild type (WT) by RNA-sequencing to delineate mosGILT-dependent pathways. Compared to WT mosquitoes, mosGILT null A. gambiae demonstrated altered expression of genes related to oogenesis, 20-hydroxyecdysone synthesis, as well as immune-related genes. Serendipitously, the zero population growth gene, zpg , an essential regulator of germ cell development was found to be one of the most downregulated genes in mosGILT null mosquitoes. These results provide the crucial missing link between two previous studies on the role of zpg and mosGILT in ovarian development. This study further demonstrates that mosGILT has the potential to serve as a target for the biological control of mosquito vectors and to influence the Plasmodium life cycle within the vector.
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Lukubwe O, Mwema T, Joseph R, Maliti D, Iitula I, Katokele S, Uusiku P, Walusimbi D, Ogoma SB, Gueye CS, Vajda E, Tatarsky A, Thomsen E, Tambo M, Mumbengegwi D, Lobo NF. Baseline characterization of entomological drivers of malaria transmission in Namibia: a targeted operational entomological surveillance strategy. Parasit Vectors 2023; 16:220. [PMID: 37408058 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-023-05822-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Namibia's focus on the elimination of malaria requires an evidence-based strategy directed at understanding and targeting the entomological drivers of malaria transmission. In 2018 and 2019, the Namibia National Vector-borne Diseases Control Program (NVDCP) implemented baseline entomological surveillance based on a question-based approach outlined in the Entomological Surveillance Planning Tool (ESPT). In the present study, we report on the findings of the ESPT-based NVDCP on baseline vector species composition and bionomic traits in malaria endemic regions in northern Namibia, which has the aim of generating an evidence base for programmatic decision-making. METHODS Nine representative sentinel sites were included in the 2018 entomological surveillance program (Kunene, Omusati, Oshana, Ohangwena, Oshikoto, Otjozondjupa, Kavango West, Kavango East and Zambezi); the number was reduced to four sites in 2019 due to limited funding (Ohangwena, Kavango West, Kavango East, and Zambezi). In the 2018 baseline collections, multiple sampling methods (human landing catches, pyrethroid spray catches, U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention light traps [CDC-LTs], resting boxes [RBs] and larval sampling) were utilized to evaluate indoor/outdoor human biting rates, resting behaviors and insecticide resistance (IR). CDC-LTs and RBs were not used in 2019 due to low and non-representative sampling efficacies. RESULTS Overall, molecular evidence demonstrated the presence of three primary mosquito vectors, namely Anopheles arabiensis, rediscovered Anopheles gambiae sensu stricto and Anopheles funestus sensu stricto, alongside Anopheles squamosus and members of the Anopheles coustani complex. Vectors were found to bite throughout the night (1800 hours 0600 hours) both indoors and outdoors, with An. arabiensis having the highest biting rates outdoors. Low numbers of indoor resting Anopheles point to possible low indoor residual spraying (IRS) efficacy-with An. arabiensis found to be the major vector species resting indoors. The IR tests demonstrated varying country-wide resistance levels to the insecticide deltamethrin, with the resistance levels confirmed to have increased in 2019, evidence that impacts national programmatic decision-making. Vectors demonstrated susceptibility to the insecticides dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane, bendiocarb and Actellic 300CS in 2018, with mosquitoes from only one site (Kavango West) demonstrating possible resistance to DDT. Targeted and question-based entomological surveillance enabled a rapid and focused evidence base to be built, showing where and when humans were being bitten and providing entomological data on long-lasting insecticidal nets, IRS efficacy and insecticide resistance, which the Ministry of Health and Social Services-Namibia can use to further build a monitoring and evaluation framework for understanding the drivers of transmission. CONCLUSION Identification and characterization of species-specific bionomic traits allows for an understanding of where and when vector human contact may occur as well as the potential impact of interventions. Low indoor resting rates as well as the presence of insecticide resistance (and the increase in its frequency) point to the need for mosquito-behavior-directed and appropriate interventions as well as the requirement for a resistance mitigation strategy. The ESPT-based question- and minimal essential indicator-based operational research strategy provides programs with directed and focused data for facilitating decision-making while requiring limited funding and capacity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ophilia Lukubwe
- University of Science and Technology, Health and Applied Sciences, Windhoek, Namibia.
| | - Tabeth Mwema
- Multidisciplinary Research Center, University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Rosalia Joseph
- Multidisciplinary Research Center, University of Namibia, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Deodatus Maliti
- National Vector Borne Disease Control Program, Ministry of Health and Social Services, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Iitula Iitula
- National Vector Borne Disease Control Program, Ministry of Health and Social Services, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Stark Katokele
- National Vector Borne Disease Control Program, Ministry of Health and Social Services, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Petrina Uusiku
- National Vector Borne Disease Control Program, Ministry of Health and Social Services, Windhoek, Namibia
| | | | - Sheila B Ogoma
- Clinton Health Access Initiative, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Cara Smith Gueye
- Malaria Elimination Initiative, UCSF Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Elodie Vajda
- Malaria Elimination Initiative, UCSF Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Allison Tatarsky
- Malaria Elimination Initiative, UCSF Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Edward Thomsen
- Malaria Elimination Initiative, UCSF Institute for Global Health Sciences, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Munya Tambo
- National Vector Borne Disease Control Program, Ministry of Health and Social Services, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Davis Mumbengegwi
- National Vector Borne Disease Control Program, Ministry of Health and Social Services, Windhoek, Namibia
| | - Neil F Lobo
- Eck Institute for Global Health, University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA
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Gehlot P, Vyas VK. Recent advances on patents of Plasmodium falciparum dihydroorotate dehydrogenase ( PfDHODH) inhibitors as antimalarial agents. Expert Opin Ther Pat 2023; 33:579-596. [PMID: 37942637 DOI: 10.1080/13543776.2023.2280596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/03/2023] [Indexed: 11/10/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Pyrimidine nucleotides are essential for the parasite's growth and replication. Parasites have only a de novo pathway for the biosynthesis of pyrimidine nucleotides. Dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (DHODH) enzyme is involved in the rate-limiting step of the pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway. DHODH is a biochemical target for the discovery of new antimalarial agents. AREA COVERED This review discussed the development of patented PfDHODH inhibitors published between 2007 and 2023 along with their chemical structures and activities. EXPERT OPINION PfDHODH enzyme is involved in the rate-limiting fourth step of the pyrimidine biosynthesis pathway. Thus, inhibition of PfDHODH using species-selective inhibitors has drawn much attention for treating malaria because they inhibit parasite growth without affecting normal human functions. Looking at the current scenario of antimalarial drug resistance with most of the available antimalarial drugs, there is a huge need for targeted newer agents. Newer agents with unique mechanisms of action may be devoid of drug toxicity, adverse effects, and the ability of parasites to quickly gain resistance, and PfDHODH inhibitors can be those newer agents. Many PfDHODH inhibitors were patented in the past, and the dependency of Plasmodium on de novo pyrimidine provided a new approach for the development of novel antimalarial agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinky Gehlot
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Vivek K Vyas
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Institute of Pharmacy, Nirma University, Ahmedabad, India
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Paschalidis A, Watson OJ, Aydemir O, Verity R, Bailey JA. coiaf: Directly estimating complexity of infection with allele frequencies. PLoS Comput Biol 2023; 19:e1010247. [PMID: 37294835 PMCID: PMC10310041 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pcbi.1010247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2022] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 05/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/11/2023] Open
Abstract
In malaria, individuals are often infected with different parasite strains. The complexity of infection (COI) is defined as the number of genetically distinct parasite strains in an individual. Changes in the mean COI in a population have been shown to be informative of changes in transmission intensity with a number of probabilistic likelihood and Bayesian models now developed to estimate the COI. However, rapid, direct measures based on heterozygosity or FwS do not properly represent the COI. In this work, we present two new methods that use easily calculated measures to directly estimate the COI from allele frequency data. Using a simulation framework, we show that our methods are computationally efficient and comparably accurate to current approaches in the literature. Through a sensitivity analysis, we characterize how the distribution of parasite densities, the assumed sequencing depth, and the number of sampled loci impact the bias and accuracy of our two methods. Using our developed methods, we further estimate the COI globally from Plasmodium falciparum sequencing data and compare the results against the literature. We show significant differences in the estimated COI globally between continents and a weak relationship between malaria prevalence and COI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aris Paschalidis
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
| | - Oliver J. Watson
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Ozkan Aydemir
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
- Program in Molecular Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts, United States of America
| | - Robert Verity
- Department of Infectious Disease Epidemiology, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Jeffrey A. Bailey
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, Brown University, Providence, Rhode Island, United States of America
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Spinozzi E, Ferrati M, Baldassarri C, Maggi F, Pavela R, Benelli G, Aguzzi C, Zeppa L, Cappellacci L, Palmieri A, Petrelli R. Synthesis of Carlina Oxide Analogues and Evaluation of Their Insecticidal Efficacy and Cytotoxicity. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2023; 86:1307-1316. [PMID: 37172063 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.3c00137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Compounds isolated from botanical sources represent innovative and promising alternatives to conventional insecticides. Carlina oxide is a compound isolated from Carlina acaulis L. (Asteraceae) essential oil (EO) with great potential as bioinsecticide, being effective on various arthropod vectors and agricultural pests, with moderate toxicity on non-target species. Since the production from the wild source is limited, there is the need of exploring new synthetic routes for obtaining this compound and analogues with improved bioactivity and lower toxicity. Herein, the chemical synthesis of carlina oxide analogues was developed. Their insecticidal activity was assessed on the vectors Musca domestica L. and Culex quinquefasciatus Say, and their cytotoxicity was evaluated on a human keratinocyte cell line (HaCaT). The compounds' activity was compared with that of the natural counterparts EO and carlina oxide. In housefly tests, the analogues were comparably effective to purified carlina oxide. In Cx. quinquefasciatus assays, the meta-chloro analogue provided a significantly higher efficacy (LC50 of 0.71 μg mL-1) than the EO and carlina oxide (LC50 1.21 and 1.31 μg mL-1, respectively) and a better safety profile than carlina oxide on keratinocytes. Overall, this study can open the way to an agrochemical production of carlina oxide analogues employable as nature-inspired insecticides.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Spinozzi
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP), School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Marta Ferrati
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP), School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Cecilia Baldassarri
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP), School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Filippo Maggi
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP), School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Roman Pavela
- Crop Research Institute, Drnovska 507, 161 06 Prague 6, Czech Republic
- Department of Plant Protection, Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Kamycka 129, 165 00 Praha 6, Suchdol, Czech Republic
| | - Giovanni Benelli
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, Via del Borghetto 80, 56124 Pisa, Italy
| | - Cristina Aguzzi
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri 9/C, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Laura Zeppa
- School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri 9/C, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Loredana Cappellacci
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP), School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Alessandro Palmieri
- School of Science and Technology, Chemistry Division, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy
| | - Riccardo Petrelli
- Chemistry Interdisciplinary Project (ChIP), School of Pharmacy, University of Camerino, Via Madonna delle Carceri, 62032 Camerino, Italy
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Okagu IU, Okeke ES, Ezeorba WCF, Ndefo JC, Ezeorba TPC. Overhauling the ecotoxicological impact of synthetic pesticides using plants' natural products: a focus on Zanthoxylum metabolites. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2023; 30:67997-68021. [PMID: 37148518 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-023-27258-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/08/2023]
Abstract
The reduction in agricultural production due to the negative impact of insects and weeds, as well as the health and economic burden associated with vector-borne diseases, has promoted the wide use of chemicals that control these "enemies." However, the use of these synthetic chemicals has been recognized to elicit negative impacts on the environment as well as the health and wellbeing of man. In this study, we presented an overview of recent updates on the environmental and health impacts of synthetic pesticides against agro-pest and disease vectors while exhaustive reviewing the potentials of natural plant products from Zanthoxylum species (Rutaceae) as sustainable alternatives. This study is expected to spur further research on exploiting these plants and their chemicals as safe and effective pesticide entities to minimize the impact of their chemical and synthetic counterparts on health and the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Innocent Uzochukwu Okagu
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, 410001, Nigeria
| | - Emmanuel Sunday Okeke
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, 410001, Nigeria
- Natural Science Unit, School of General Studies, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, 410001, Nigeria
- Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212013, Jiangsu, China
| | | | - Joseph Chinedum Ndefo
- Department of Science Laboratory Technology, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, 410001, Nigeria
| | - Timothy Prince Chidike Ezeorba
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, 410001, Nigeria.
- Department of Genetics and Biotechnology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka, Enugu State, 410001, Nigeria.
- Department of Molecular Biotechnology, School of Biosciences, University of Birmingham Edgbaston, Birmingham, B15 2TT, United Kingdom.
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Namountougou M, Kientega M, Kaboré PDA, Soma DD, Pare Toe L, Sawadogo JME, Birba WJ, Gnankiné O, Dabiré KR, Okumu F, Diabaté A. Residual Malaria Transmission: magnitude and drivers of persistent Plasmodium infections despite high coverage of control interventions in Burkina Faso, West Africa. Acta Trop 2023; 242:106913. [PMID: 36997012 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2023.106913] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023]
Abstract
This study collected baseline data on malaria vectors to characterize the drivers and the factors of persistent malaria transmission in two villages in the western part of Burkina Faso. Mosquitoes were collected in each village using the Human landing catch and pyrethrum spray catch and identified using the morphological keys. Molecular analyses were performed for the identification of An. gambiae complex species, the detection of Plasmodium infection and kdr-995F mutation. Anopheles mosquito larvae were also collected in the same villages, reared to adult's stage for the WHO tube and cone tests performing. The physical integrity of the LLINs already used by people in each village was assessed using the proportional hole index (pHI). An. gambiae s.l. was the main malaria vector accounting for 79.82% (5560/6965) of all collected mosquitoes. The biting pattern of An. gambiae s.l. was almost constant during the survey with an early aggressiveness before 8 p.m. and later biting activity after 6 a.m. The EIR varied from 0.13 to 2.55 infected bites per human per night (average: 1.03 infected bites per human per night). An. gambiae s.l. populations were full susceptible to Chlorpyrifos-methyl (0.4%) and Malathion (5%) with high kdr-995F mutation frequencies (>0.8). The physical integrity assessment showed high proportion of good nets in Santidougou compared to those collected in Kimidougou. This study highlighted a persistence of malaria transmission despite the intense use of vector control tools as LLINs and IRS by correlating mosquito biting time and human behavior. It provided a baseline guide for the monitoring of the residual malaria transmission in sub-Saharan Africa and encouraging the development of new alternative strategies to support the current malaria control tools.
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Giunti G, Becker N, Benelli G. Invasive mosquito vectors in Europe: From bioecology to surveillance and management. Acta Trop 2023; 239:106832. [PMID: 36642256 DOI: 10.1016/j.actatropica.2023.106832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2022] [Revised: 01/07/2023] [Accepted: 01/10/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Invasive mosquitoes (Diptera: Culicidae) play a key role in the spread of a number of mosquito-borne diseases worldwide. Anthropogenic changes play a significant role in affecting their distribution. Invasive mosquitoes usually take advantage from biotic homogenization and biodiversity reduction, therefore expanding in their distribution range and abundance. In Europe, climate warming and increasing urbanization are boosting the spread of several mosquito species of high public health importance. The present article contains a literature review focused on the biology and ecology of Aedes albopictus, Ae. aegypti, Ae. japonicus japonicus, Ae. koreicus, Ae. atropalpus and Ae. triseriatus, outlining their distribution and public health relevance in Europe. Bioecology insights were tightly connected with vector surveillance and control programs targeting these species. In the final section, a research agenda aiming for the effective and sustainable monitoring and control of invasive mosquitoes in the framework of Integrated Vector Management and One Health is presented. The WHO Vector Control Advisory Group recommends priority should be given to vector control tools with proven epidemiological impact.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Giunti
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, via Giovanni Paolo II 132, Fisciano, SA 84084, Italy
| | - Norbert Becker
- Faculty of Biosciences, University of Heidelberg, Im Neuenheimer Feld 230, Heidelberg 69120, Germany; Institute of Dipterology (IfD), Georg-Peter-Süß-Str. 3, Speyer 67346, Germany; IcyBac-Biologische Stechmückenbekämpfung GmbH (ICYBAC), Georg-Peter-Süß-Str. 1, Speyer 67346, Germany
| | - Giovanni Benelli
- Department of Agriculture, Food and Environment, University of Pisa, via del Borghetto 80, Pisa 56124, Italy.
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Okoro OJ, Deme GG, Okoye CO, Eze SC, Odii EC, Gbadegesin JT, Okeke ES, Oyejobi GK, Nyaruaba R, Ebido CC. Understanding key vectors and vector-borne diseases associated with freshwater ecosystem across Africa: Implications for public health. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2023; 862:160732. [PMID: 36509277 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2022.160732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2022] [Revised: 11/29/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
The emerging and re-emerging vector-borne diseases transmitted by key freshwater organisms have remained a global concern. As one of the leading biodiversity hotspots, the African ecoregion is suggested to harbour the highest number of freshwater organisms globally. Among the commonly found organisms in the African ecoregion are mosquitoes and snails, with a majority of their life cycle in freshwater, and these freshwater organisms can transmit diseases or serve as carriers of devastating diseases of public health concerns. However, synthetic studies to link the evident abundant presence and wide distribution of these vectors across the freshwater ecosystems in Africa with the increasing emerging and re-emerging vector-borne diseases in Africa are still limited. Here, we reviewed documented evidence on vector-borne diseases and their transmission pathways in Africa to reduce the knowledge gap on the factors influencing the increasing emerging and re-emerging vector-borne diseases across Africa. We found the population distributions or abundance of these freshwater organisms to be increasing, which is directly associated with the increasing emerging and re-emerging vector-borne diseases across Africa. Furthermore, we found that although the current changing environmental conditions in Africa affect the habitats of these freshwater organisms, current changing environmental conditions may not be suppressing the population distributions or abundance of these freshwater organisms. Instead, we found that these freshwater organisms are extending their geographic ranges across Africa, which may have significant public health implications in Africa. Thus, our study demonstrates the need for future studies to integrate the environmental conditions of vectors' habitats to understand if these environmental conditions directly or indirectly influence the vectorial capacities and transmission abilities of vectors of diseases. We propose that such studies will be necessary to guide policymakers in making informed policies to help control vector-borne diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Onyekwere Joseph Okoro
- Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Enugu State, Nigeria; Organization of African Academic Doctors (OAAD), P.O. Box 14833-00100, Langata, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Gideon Gywa Deme
- Department of Biology, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH 44106, USA; Organization of African Academic Doctors (OAAD), P.O. Box 14833-00100, Langata, Nairobi, Kenya.
| | - Charles Obinwanne Okoye
- Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Enugu State, Nigeria; Biofuels Institute, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; Organization of African Academic Doctors (OAAD), P.O. Box 14833-00100, Langata, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Sabina Chioma Eze
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Federal University of Health Sciences, Otukpo 972221, Benue State, Nigeria; Organization of African Academic Doctors (OAAD), P.O. Box 14833-00100, Langata, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Elijah Chibueze Odii
- Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Enugu State, Nigeria; Organization of African Academic Doctors (OAAD), P.O. Box 14833-00100, Langata, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Janet Temitope Gbadegesin
- School of Public Health, University of the Western Cape, South Africa; Organization of African Academic Doctors (OAAD), P.O. Box 14833-00100, Langata, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Emmanuel Sunday Okeke
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Enugu State, Nigeria; Natural Science Unit, School of General Studies, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Enugu State, Nigeria; Institute of Environmental Health and Ecological Security, School of Environment and Safety Engineering, Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang 212013, China; Organization of African Academic Doctors (OAAD), P.O. Box 14833-00100, Langata, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Greater Kayode Oyejobi
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Centre for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, China; Department of Microbiology, Faculty of Basic and Applied Sciences, Osun State University, Osogbo 230212, Osun State, Nigeria; Organization of African Academic Doctors (OAAD), P.O. Box 14833-00100, Langata, Nairobi, Kenya; School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Wuhan University, Hubei, P.R. China. 430072
| | - Raphael Nyaruaba
- Key Laboratory of Special Pathogens and Biosafety, Centre for Biosafety Mega-Science, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, Hubei, China; Organization of African Academic Doctors (OAAD), P.O. Box 14833-00100, Langata, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Chike Chukwuenyem Ebido
- Department of Zoology and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Biological Sciences, University of Nigeria, Nsukka 410001, Enugu State, Nigeria; Organization of African Academic Doctors (OAAD), P.O. Box 14833-00100, Langata, Nairobi, Kenya.
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Mohamed RA, Kassem LM, Ghazali NM, Elgazzar E, Mostafa WA. Modulation of the Morphological Architecture of Mn 2O 3 Nanoparticles to MnCoO Nanoflakes by Loading Co 3+ Via a Co-Precipitation Approach for Mosquitocidal Development. MICROMACHINES 2023; 14:567. [PMID: 36984973 PMCID: PMC10058717 DOI: 10.3390/mi14030567] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The spread of many infectious diseases by vectors is a globally severe issue. Climate change and the increase of vector resistance are the primary sources of rising mosquito populations. Therefore, advanced approaches are needed to prevent the dispersal of life-threatening diseases. Herein, Mn2O3 NPs and MnCoO nanocomposites were presented as mosquitocidal agents. The synthesized samples were prepared by a co-precipitation route and characterized using different techniques indicating the change of host Mn2O3 structure to 2D MnCoO nanoflakes with Co3+ integration. The thermal decomposition of the nanoparticles was examined by TGA analysis, showing high stability. The energy gap (Eg) of Mn2O3 was estimated within the visible spectrum of the value 2.95 eV, which reduced to 2.80 eV with doping support. The impact of Mn2O3 and MnCoO on immature stages was investigated by semithin photomicrographs exhibiting significant changes in the midgut, fat tissue and muscles of the third larval instar. Moreover, the external deformations in pupae were examined using scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania A. Mohamed
- Department of Biology, Deanship of Educational Services, Qassim University, P.O. Box 5888, Unaizah 56219, Qassim, Saudi Arabia
- Parasitology Department, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Zagazig University, P.O. Box 44519, Zagazig 44516, Egypt
| | - Lamyaa M. Kassem
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, P.O. Box 5888, Unaizah 51911, Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | - Niveen M. Ghazali
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry and Pharmacognozy, Unaizah College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, P.O. Box 5888, Unaizah 51911, Qassim, Saudi Arabia
| | - Elsayed Elgazzar
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, Suez Canal University, Ismailia 41522, Egypt
| | - Wageha A. Mostafa
- Entomology Section, Zoology Department, Faculty of Science, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44519, Egypt
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Liu Q, Yan W, Qin C, Du M, Liu M, Liu J. Millions of excess cases and thousands of excess deaths of malaria occurred globally in 2020 during the COVID-19 pandemic. J Glob Health 2022; 12:05045. [PMID: 36527272 PMCID: PMC9757497 DOI: 10.7189/jogh.12.05045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The COVID-19 pandemic disrupted malaria-related health care services, leading to an excess burden of malaria. However, there is a lack of research on the indirect global impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on malaria. We aimed to assess the excess burden of malaria due to the COVID-19 pandemic in malaria-endemic countries in 2020. Methods Based on data from the World Health Organization Global Observatory, we used estimated annual percentage changes (EAPCs) from 2000 to 2019 (model A) and from 2015 to 2019 (model B) to predict the malaria burden in 2020. We calculated the ratios between reported and predicted malaria incidence (incidence rate ratio (IRR)) and mortality rates (mortality rate ratio (MRR)). Results In 2020, African countries suffered the most from malaria, with the largest number of malaria cases (64.7 million) and deaths (151 thousand) observed in Nigeria. Most countries showed a decrease in malaria incidence and mortality rates from 2000 to 2019, with the strongest decline in incidence rates in Bhutan (EAPC = -35.7%, 95% CI = -38.7 to -32.5%) and mortality rates Ecuador (EAPC = -40.6%, 95% confidence interval (CI) = -46.6 to -33.8%). During the COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, there was a total of 18 million excess malaria cases and 83 291 excess deaths per model A, and 7.4 million excess cases and 33 528 excess deaths per model B globally. Malaria incidence rates increased excessively in over 50% of the malaria-endemic countries, with the greatest increase in Costa Rica (IRR = 35.6) per model A and Bhutan (IRR = 15.6) per model B. Mortality rates had increased excessively in around 70% of the malaria-endemic countries, with the greatest increase in Ecuador in both model A (MRR = 580) and model B (MRR = 58). Conclusions The emergence of the COVID-19 pandemic indirectly caused an increase in the prevalence of malaria and thwarted progress in malaria control. Global efforts to control the pandemic's impact should be balanced with malaria control to ensure that the goal for global malaria elimination is achieved on time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiao Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Wenxin Yan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Chenyuan Qin
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Min Du
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China,Global Center for Infectious Disease and Policy Research, Global Health and Infectious Diseases Group, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Jue Liu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Peking University, Beijing, China,Global Center for Infectious Disease and Policy Research, Global Health and Infectious Diseases Group, Peking University, Beijing, China,Institute for Global Health and Development, Peking University, Beijing, China
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Structure- and ligand-based drug design methods for the modeling of antimalarial agents: a review of updates from 2012 onwards. J Biomol Struct Dyn 2022; 40:10481-10506. [PMID: 34129805 DOI: 10.1080/07391102.2021.1932598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Malaria still persists as one of the deadliest infectious disease having a huge morbidity and mortality affecting the higher population of the world. Structure and ligand-based drug design methods like molecular docking and MD simulations, pharmacophore modeling, QSAR and virtual screening are widely used to perceive the accordant correlation between the antimalarial activity and property of the compounds to design novel dominant and discriminant molecules. These modeling methods will speed-up antimalarial drug discovery, selection of better drug candidates for synthesis and to achieve potent and safer drugs. In this work, we have extensively reviewed the literature pertaining to the use and applications of various ligand and structure-based computational methods for the design of antimalarial agents. Different classes of molecules are discussed along with their target interactions pattern, which is responsible for antimalarial activity. Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.
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Pervaiz R, Khan MA, Raza FA, Ahmad S, Zafar AU, Ahmed N, Akram M. Expression of a mosquito larvicidal gene in chloroplast and nuclear compartments of Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. J Biotechnol 2022; 360:182-191. [PMID: 36368638 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbiotec.2022.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 11/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
As a part of the search for environment-friendly biocontrol of mosquito-borne diseases, mosquito larvicidal potential of Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. jegathesan (Btj) Cry toxins is explored for toxins with increased toxicity. Safe delivery of the Cry toxins to mosquito larvae in aquatic habitats is a major concern. This is because in water bodies Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) protein formulations degrade by sunlight, can sink down and get adsorbed by the silt. So, because of its short persistence the toxin requires repeated applications at the given site. Therefore, an upcoming approach is incorporating the Bt toxins in Chlamydomonas reinhardtii (C. reinhardtii) because it is a food of mosquito larvae in water and its molecular toolkit is well investigated for foreign gene expression. The present work aimed to compare the feasibility of C. reinhardtii chloroplast and nuclear compartments for stable expression of Cry11Ba toxin as this is the most toxic Btj protein to date, lethal to different mosquito species. With chloroplast expression of cry11Ba gene we were able to generate marker-free C. reinhardtii strain stably expressing Cry11Ba protein and demonstrating mortality against Aedes aegypti larvae. Moreover, for nuclear expression linking the cry11Ba gene to zeocin via foot and mouth disease virus (FMDV) 2A peptide resulted in the selection of transformants with increased cry11Ba mRNA expression levels by semi-quantitative reverse transcriptase PCR. Obtained results lay a foundation for the C. reinhardtii chloroplast expression system to be used for genetic engineering with Bt toxins which possess enhanced toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rabbia Pervaiz
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, 87-West Canal Road, Thokar Niaz Baig Sector-1, Lahore 53700, Pakistan.
| | - Mohsin Ahmad Khan
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, 87-West Canal Road, Thokar Niaz Baig Sector-1, Lahore 53700, Pakistan
| | - Faiz Ahmed Raza
- Health Research Institute, National Institute of Health (HRI-NIH), Research Centre, King Edward Medical University, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Sohail Ahmad
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, 87-West Canal Road, Thokar Niaz Baig Sector-1, Lahore 53700, Pakistan
| | - Ahmad Usman Zafar
- Qarshi University, 8-Km Thokar Niaz Baig, Canal Bank Road, Opposite Izmir Town, Lahore 54000, Pakistan
| | - Nadeem Ahmed
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, 87-West Canal Road, Thokar Niaz Baig Sector-1, Lahore 53700, Pakistan
| | - Maham Akram
- Centre of Excellence in Molecular Biology, University of the Punjab, 87-West Canal Road, Thokar Niaz Baig Sector-1, Lahore 53700, Pakistan
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Ring-stage growth arrest: Metabolic basis of artemisinin tolerance in Plasmodium falciparum. iScience 2022; 26:105725. [PMID: 36579133 PMCID: PMC9791339 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.105725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2022] [Revised: 10/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/30/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The emergence and spread of artemisinin-tolerant malaria parasites threatens malaria control programmes worldwide. Mutations in the propeller domain of the Kelch13 protein confer Plasmodium falciparum artemisinin resistance (ART-R). ART-R is linked to the reduced susceptibility of temporary growth-arrested ring-stage parasites, but the metabolic mechanisms remain elusive. We generated two PfKelch13 mutant lines via CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing which displayed a reduced susceptibility accompanied by an extended ring stage. The metabolome of ART-induced ring-stage growth arrest parasites carrying PfKelch13 mutations showed significant alterations in the tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle, glycolysis, and amino acids metabolism, pointing to altered energy and porphyrin metabolism with metabolic plasticity. The critical role of these pathways was further confirmed by altering metabolic flow or through chemical inhibition. Our findings uncover that the growth arrestment associated with ART-R is potentially attributed to the adaptative metabolic plasticity, indicating that the defined metabolic remodeling turns out to be the trigger for ART-R.
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Kientega M, Kranjc N, Traoré N, Kaboré H, Soma DD, Morianou I, Namountougou M, Belem AMG, Diabaté A. Analysis of the Genetic Variation of the Fruitless Gene within the Anopheles gambiae ( Diptera: Culicidae) Complex Populations in Africa. INSECTS 2022; 13:1048. [PMID: 36421951 PMCID: PMC9699577 DOI: 10.3390/insects13111048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2022] [Revised: 10/06/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Targeting genes involved in sexual determinism, for vector or pest control purposes, requires a better understanding of their polymorphism in natural populations in order to ensure a rapid spread of the construct. By using genomic data from An. gambiae s.l., we analyzed the genetic variation and the conservation score of the fru gene in 18 natural populations across Africa. A total of 34,339 SNPs were identified, including 3.11% non-synonymous segregating sites. Overall, the nucleotide diversity was low, and the Tajima’s D neutrality test was negative, indicating an excess of low frequency SNPs in the fru gene. The allelic frequencies of the non-synonymous SNPs were low (freq < 0.26), except for two SNPs identified at high frequencies (freq > 0.8) in the zinc-finger A and B protein domains. The conservation score was variable throughout the fru gene, with maximum values in the exonic regions compared to the intronic regions. These results showed a low genetic variation overall in the exonic regions, especially the male sex-specific exon and the BTB-exon 1 of the fru gene. These findings will facilitate the development of an effective gene drive construct targeting the fru gene that can rapidly spread without encountering resistance in wild populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahamadi Kientega
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS), Bobo-Dioulasso 01 BP 545, Burkina Faso
- Laboratoire de Santé Animale Tropicale, Institut du Développement Rural, Université Nazi Boni, Bobo-Dioulasso 01 BP 1091, Burkina Faso
| | - Nace Kranjc
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Nouhoun Traoré
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS), Bobo-Dioulasso 01 BP 545, Burkina Faso
- Laboratoire de Santé Animale Tropicale, Institut du Développement Rural, Université Nazi Boni, Bobo-Dioulasso 01 BP 1091, Burkina Faso
| | - Honorine Kaboré
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS), Bobo-Dioulasso 01 BP 545, Burkina Faso
- Laboratoire de Santé Animale Tropicale, Institut du Développement Rural, Université Nazi Boni, Bobo-Dioulasso 01 BP 1091, Burkina Faso
| | - Dieudonné Diloma Soma
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS), Bobo-Dioulasso 01 BP 545, Burkina Faso
- Laboratoire de Santé Animale Tropicale, Institut du Développement Rural, Université Nazi Boni, Bobo-Dioulasso 01 BP 1091, Burkina Faso
| | - Ioanna Morianou
- Department of Life Sciences, Imperial College, London SW7 2AZ, UK
| | - Moussa Namountougou
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS), Bobo-Dioulasso 01 BP 545, Burkina Faso
- Laboratoire de Santé Animale Tropicale, Institut du Développement Rural, Université Nazi Boni, Bobo-Dioulasso 01 BP 1091, Burkina Faso
| | - Adrien Marie Gaston Belem
- Laboratoire de Santé Animale Tropicale, Institut du Développement Rural, Université Nazi Boni, Bobo-Dioulasso 01 BP 1091, Burkina Faso
| | - Abdoulaye Diabaté
- Institut de Recherche en Sciences de la Santé (IRSS), Bobo-Dioulasso 01 BP 545, Burkina Faso
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Matindo AY, Meshi EB, Kapologwe NA, Kengia JT, Kajange S, Chaki P, Munisi DZ. Biolarviciding implementation in southern Tanzania: Scalability opportunities and challenges. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0273490. [PMID: 36026502 PMCID: PMC9417020 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0273490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2021] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The resistance to insecticides among malaria vectors poses a global challenge in the efforts towards malaria elimination. This calls for an addition of larval control methods such as biolarviciding. However, the implementation of biolarviciding in Tanzania has been very low. Therefore, this study explored factors affecting the implementation of biolarviciding in the councils of Southern Tanzania. METHODS A mixed method descriptive qualitative, cross-sectional study design was used to collect data from 32 community leaders through key informant interviews and 12 Vectors Control Coordinators through in-depth interviews and questionnaire interviews and document review of implementation reports in 12 councils. Data were analysed using ATLAS.ti version 8, where content analysis was performed and SPSS for the quantitative data. RESULTS The study found low implementation of biolarviciding intervention in 9 out of 12 (75%) surveyed councils. All Vector Control Coordinators reported a shortage of at least one type of resources: funds, trained personnel, transport, supply of biolarvicide, and equipment; low community involvement (50%) and low level of community participation 83.3% (10/12). CONCLUSION This study highlights resource inadequacy and low community participation as main barriers to the implementation of biolarviciding. Availing adequate resources and strengthening community participation through involvement in all stages of implementation is crucial for successful and sustainable implementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Athuman Yusuph Matindo
- Department of Public Health, School of Nursing and Public Health, University of Dodoma, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Eugene Benjamin Meshi
- Department of Public Health, School of Nursing and Public Health, University of Dodoma, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | | | - James Tumaini Kengia
- President’s Office Regional Administration and Local Government, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Stella Kajange
- President’s Office Regional Administration and Local Government, Dodoma, Tanzania
| | - Prosper Chaki
- Department of Environmental Health and Ecological Sciences, Ifakara Health Institute, Dar es Salaam, Tanzania
| | - David Zadock Munisi
- Department of Microbiology and Parasitology, School of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Dodoma, Dodoma, Tanzania
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Rochlin I, White G, Reissen N, Swanson D, Cohnstaedt L, Chura M, Healy K, Faraji A. Laboratory evaluation of sugar alcohols for control of mosquitoes and other medically important flies. Sci Rep 2022; 12:13763. [PMID: 35962013 PMCID: PMC9374714 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15825-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 06/29/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Insecticide application for vector control is the most controversial component of a public health program due to concerns about environmental and human health safety. One approach to overcome this challenge is the use of environmentally benign active ingredients. Among the most promising emerging strategies are attractive toxic sugar baits. Sugar alcohols-naturally occurring molecules safe for human consumption but potentially toxic to insects when ingested, have received increased attention for use with this approach. For this study, we screened the toxicity of four different sugar alcohols on several mosquito species, a biting midge, and a filth fly. Sugar alcohol mortalities exceeded those in the sucrose (positive control) only group. However, only erythritol and highly concentrated xylitol induced mortalities exceeding those in the water only (negative control) treatment ranging from approximately 40-75%. Formulations containing erythritol and xylitol should be further investigated under field conditions for efficacy in reducing populations of biting flies and for assessing potential non-target impacts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ilia Rochlin
- Center for Vector Biology, Rutgers University, 180 Jones Avenue, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA.,Salt Lake City Mosquito Abatement District, 2215 North 2200 West, Salt Lake City, UT, 84116, USA
| | - Gregory White
- Salt Lake City Mosquito Abatement District, 2215 North 2200 West, Salt Lake City, UT, 84116, USA.
| | - Nadja Reissen
- Salt Lake City Mosquito Abatement District, 2215 North 2200 West, Salt Lake City, UT, 84116, USA
| | - Dustin Swanson
- USDA-ARS, Arthropod Borne Animal Disease Research Unit, 1515 College Avenue, Manhattan, KS, 66502, USA
| | - Lee Cohnstaedt
- USDA-ARS, Foreign Arthropod Borne Animal Diseases Research Unit, 1515 College Avenue, Manhattan, KS, 66502, USA
| | - Madeleine Chura
- Entomology Department, Louisiana State University, 404 Life Sciences, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Kristen Healy
- Entomology Department, Louisiana State University, 404 Life Sciences, Baton Rouge, LA, 70803, USA
| | - Ary Faraji
- Salt Lake City Mosquito Abatement District, 2215 North 2200 West, Salt Lake City, UT, 84116, USA
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Qualitative study on the use and maintenance of long-lasting insecticidal nets (LLINs) in Bouaké (Côte d'Ivoire), 17 months after the last mass distribution campaign. Malar J 2022; 21:228. [PMID: 35906600 PMCID: PMC9338468 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-022-04243-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The use of long-lasting insecticide-treated nets (LLINs) is one of the main malaria prevention method promoted by the World Health Organization (WHO) in Côte d'Ivoire. LLIN-coverage has reached 95% since 2015 and nearly 16 million LLINs were distributed in 2017. Despite these efforts, malaria incidence at the national level remains high (120‰ in 2012 to 164‰ in 2017) although this could be partly explained by increased screening efforts. This study aimed at determining what preventative measures were used against mosquito bites, as well as LLIN maintenance practices used by the inhabitants of the city of Bouaké, capital city of the Gbêkê region with a malaria incidence of 257‰ in 2017. Methods A descriptive qualitative investigation took place in Bouaké, in four neighbourhoods that were selected through purposive sampling based on their social composition. Data were collected using an interview guide based on convenience sampling. Results The results of the study reveal that LLINs are the most reported used malaria prevention measure (66.4%). Environmental health (28.8%) came second in their declarations, smoke coils (23.5%) third and aerosol cans (18.8%) last. The percentage of respondents who answered that they had slept under an LLIN the previous night was 53%. 57.7% reported that they wash their LLINs, 12.1% that they do not wash them, and 4% that they replace dirty LLINs with new ones. The LLINs washing methods described by the respondents did not comply with the WHO recommendations and there was no mention of LLINs repairs. Conclusion Despite mass distributions of LLINs in Côte d'Ivoire, this key malaria control tool remains under-used by the population. Regarding LLIN maintenance, more than half of the population reports that they wash their nets while not complying with recommended practices or repairing them.
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Abstract
Given the stagnating progress in the fight against malaria, there is an urgent need for area-wide integrated vector management strategies to complement existing intra-domiciliary tools, i.e., insecticide-treated bednets and indoor residual spraying. In this study, we describe a pilot trial using drones for aerial application of Aquatain Mosquito Formulation (AMF), a monomolecular surface film with larvicidal activity, against the African malaria mosquito Anopheles arabiensis in an irrigated rice agro-ecosystem in Unguja island, Zanzibar, Tanzania. Nine rice paddies were randomly assigned to three treatments: (a) control (drone spraying with water only), (b) drone spraying with 1 mL/m2, or (c) drone spraying with 5 mL/m2 of AMF. Compared to control paddies, AMF treatments resulted in highly significant (p < 0.001) reductions in the number of larvae and pupae and >90% fewer emerging adults. The residual effect of AMF treatment lasted for a minimum of 5 weeks post-treatment, with reductions in larval densities reaching 94.7% in week 5 and 99.4% in week 4 for the 1 and 5 mL/m2 AMF treatments, respectively. These results merit a review of the WHO policy regarding larval source management (LSM), which primarily recommends its use in urban environments with ‘few, fixed, and findable’ breeding sites. Unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) can rapidly treat many permanent, temporary, or transient mosquito breeding sites over large areas at low cost, thereby significantly enhancing the role of LSM in contemporary malaria control and elimination efforts.
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Njoroge MM, Hiscox A, Saddler A, Takken W, van Loon JJA, Fillinger U. Less is more: repellent-treated fabric strips as a substitute for full screening of open eave gaps for indoor and outdoor protection from malaria mosquito bites. Parasit Vectors 2022; 15:259. [PMID: 35858931 PMCID: PMC9297553 DOI: 10.1186/s13071-022-05384-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2022] [Accepted: 07/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Providing protection from malaria vector bites, both indoors and outdoors, is crucial to curbing malaria parasite transmission. Screening of house entry points, especially with incorporated insecticides, confers significant protection but remains a costly and labour-intensive application. Use of spatial repellents has shown promise in creating areas of protection in peri-domestic areas. Methods This study aimed at comparing the protection provided by transfluthrin-treated and untreated complete screens over open eave gaps with incomplete transfluthrin-treated eave strips as a potential replacement for a full screen. Human landing catches were implemented independently inside and outside an experimental hut under controlled semi-field conditions, with insectary-reared Anopheles arabiensis mosquitoes. Results The odds of a female mosquito finding a human volunteer indoors and attempting to bite were similar whether the eaves were completely open or there was an untreated fabric strip fixed around the eaves. However, when the eave gap was completely screened without insecticide, the odds of receiving a bite indoors were reduced by 70% (OR 0.30, 95% CI 0.20–0.47). Adding transfluthrin to the full screen, further increased the protection indoors, with the odds of receiving a bite reduced by 92% (0.08, 95% CI 0.04–0.16) compared to the untreated screen. Importantly, the same protection was conferred when only a narrow transfluthrin-treated fabric strip was loosely fixed around the eave gap (OR 0.07, 95% CI 0.04–0.13). The impact of the transfluthrin treatment on outdoor biting was correlated with evening temperatures during the experiments. At lower evening temperatures, a transfluthrin-treated, complete screen provided moderate and variable protection from bites (OR 0.62, 95% CI 0.37–1.03), whilst at higher evening temperatures the odds of receiving a bite outdoors was over four times lower in the presence of transfluthrin, on either a full screen (OR 0.22 95% 0.12–0.38) or a fabric strip (OR 0.25, 95% 0.15–0.42), than when no treatment was present. Conclusion The findings suggest that transfluthrin-treated fabric strips can provide a substitute for complete eave screens. They are a simple, easy-to-handle tool for protecting people from malaria mosquito bites indoors and potentially around the house in climatic areas where evening and night-time temperatures are relatively high.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margaret Mendi Njoroge
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Human Health Theme, P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya. .,Wageningen University & Research, Laboratory of Entomology, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands.
| | - Alexandra Hiscox
- Wageningen University & Research, Laboratory of Entomology, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands.,ARCTEC, London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine, Keppel Street, London, WC1E 7HT, UK
| | - Adam Saddler
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Socinstrasse 57, 4051 833, Basel, Switzerland.,Ifakara Health Institute, P.O. Box 74, Bagamoyo, Tanzania.,Malaria Atlas Project, Telethon Kids Institute, 15 Hospital Ave, Nedlands, Perth, WA, 6009, Australia
| | - Willem Takken
- Wageningen University & Research, Laboratory of Entomology, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Joop J A van Loon
- Wageningen University & Research, Laboratory of Entomology, P.O. Box 16, 6700 AA, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Ulrike Fillinger
- International Centre of Insect Physiology and Ecology (icipe), Human Health Theme, P.O. Box 30772-00100, Nairobi, Kenya
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Insecticidal efficacy of nanomaterials used to control mosquito, Culex quinquefasciatus Say, 1823 with special reference to their hepatotoxicity in rats. Biosci Rep 2022; 42:231561. [PMID: 35822445 PMCID: PMC9334753 DOI: 10.1042/bsr20220630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 06/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to develop a novel methodology for controlling the mosquito larvae using different nanoparticles, with special reference to their effect on rats (a non-target mammalian model). The mosquito species of Culex quinquefasciatus was reared in the laboratory. Chitosan, silver nanoparticles and their combination as well as lavender (Lavandula officinalis) nanoemulsion with different concentrations were tested as biological insecticides against the mosquito larvae. Mammalian toxicity of the used nanoparticles were evaluated using 27 adult male rats, experimental rats were divided into 9 equal groups (n=3). The nanoparticles were added to the drinking water for 30 days. At the end of the study, blood and tissue samples were collected to assess the levels of the serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase, different genes expression as interleukin 6 (IL-6) and IL-1β activity. Histopathological and immunohistochemical studies using two markers (TNF-α and BAX expression) were also applied. The LC50 and LC90 were recorded for each tested nanoparticles, and also the changes of the treated mosquito larvae cuticle were assessed using the scanning electron microscopy. Green nanoemulsion (Lavandula officinalis) was more effective than metal (silver) or even biodegradable (chitosan) nanoparticles in controlling of Culex quiquefasciatus mosquito larvae, and also it proved its safety by evaluation of the mammalian hepatotoxicity of the tested nanoparticles.
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Systematic Review on Diversity and Distribution of Anopheles Species in Gabon: A Fresh Look at the Potential Malaria Vectors and Perspectives. Pathogens 2022; 11:pathogens11060668. [PMID: 35745522 PMCID: PMC9229970 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens11060668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Gabon is located in the malaria hyper-endemic zone, where data concerning malaria vector distribution remains fragmentary, making it difficult to implement an effective vector control strategy. Thus, it becomes crucial and urgent to undertake entomological surveys that will allow a better mapping of the Anopheles species present in Gabon. In this review, we examined different articles dealing with Anopheles in Gabon from ProQuest, Web of Science, PubMed, and Google scholar databases. After applying the eligibility criteria to 7543 articles collected from four databases, 42 studies were included that covered a 91-year period of study. The review revealed a wide diversity of Anopheles species in Gabon with a heterogeneous distribution. Indeed, our review revealed the presence of 41 Anopheles species, of which the most abundant were members of the Gambiae and Nili complexes and those of the Funestus and Moucheti groups. However, our review also revealed that the major and minor vectors of malaria in Gabon are present in both sylvatic, rural, and urban environments. The observation of human malaria vectors in sylvatic environments raises the question of the role that the sylvatic environment may play in maintaining malaria transmission in rural and urban areas. Ultimately, it appears that knowledge of biodiversity and spatial distribution of Anopheles mosquitoes is fragmentary in Gabon, suggesting that additional studies are necessary to complete and update these entomological data, which are useful for the implementation of vector control strategies.
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Oliver SV, Lyons CL, Brooke BD. The effect of blood feeding on insecticide resistance intensity and adult longevity in the major malaria vector Anopheles funestus (Diptera: Culicidae). Sci Rep 2022; 12:3877. [PMID: 35264696 PMCID: PMC8907345 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-07798-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Insecticide-based vector control is key to the reduction and elimination of malaria. Although insecticide resistance is common in malaria vector populations, the operational implications are often unclear. High intensity pyrethroid resistance in the major malaria vector Anopheles funestus has been linked to control failure in Southern Africa. The aim of this study was to assess linkages between mosquito age, blood feeding and the intensity of pyrethroid resistance in two An. funestus laboratory strains that originate from southern Mozambique, namely the moderately pyrethroid resistant FUMOZ and the highly resistant FUMOZ-R. Resistance tended to decline with age. This effect was significantly mitigated by blood feeding and was most apparent in cohorts that received multiple blood meals. In the absence of insecticide exposure, blood feeding tended to increase longevity of An. funestus females and, following insecticide exposure, enhanced their levels of deltamethrin resistance, even in older age groups. These effects were more marked in FUMOZ-R compared to FUMOZ. In terms of programmatic decision-making, these data suggest that it would be useful to assess the level and intensity of resistance in older female cohorts wherever possible, notwithstanding the standard protocols for resistance testing using age-standardised samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shüné V Oliver
- Centre for Emerging Zoonotic and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, 1 Modderfontein Road, Sandringham, Johannesburg, 2192, South Africa. .,Wits Research Institute for Malaria, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa.
| | - Candice L Lyons
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Cape Town, Rondebosch, 7701, South Africa
| | - Basil D Brooke
- Centre for Emerging Zoonotic and Parasitic Diseases, National Institute for Communicable Diseases of the National Health Laboratory Service, 1 Modderfontein Road, Sandringham, Johannesburg, 2192, South Africa.,Wits Research Institute for Malaria, School of Pathology, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of the Witwatersrand, Johannesburg, 2193, South Africa
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Kumar D, Kumar P, Vikram K, Singh H. Fabrication and characterization of noble crystalline silver nanoparticles from Pimenta dioica leave extract and analysis of chemical constituents for larvicidal applications. Saudi J Biol Sci 2022; 29:1134-1146. [PMID: 35241964 PMCID: PMC8865016 DOI: 10.1016/j.sjbs.2021.09.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 09/03/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
The current works report the bio-efficacy of Pimenta dioica leaf derived silver nanoparticles (Pd@AgNPs) and leaf extract obtained trough different solvents against the larvae of malaria, filarial and dengue vectors. Synthesis of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs) was done by adding 10 ml of P. dioica leaf extract into 90 ml of 1 mM silver nitrate solution, a slow colour change was observed depicting the formation of AgNPs. Further, Pd@AgNPs was confirmed through Ultraviolet–visible spectroscopy which exhibited characteristic absorption peak at 422 nm wavelength. X-ray diffraction and selected area electron diffraction analysis confirmed monodispersed and crystalline nature of Pd@AgNPs with 32 nm an average size. Scanning electron microscopy and transmission electron microscopy showed the most of Pd@AgNPs were spherical and triangular in shape and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy revealed silver elemental nature of nanoparticles. Zeta potential of Pd@AgNPs is highly negative which confirmed its stable nature. Pd@AgNPs showed prominent absorption peaks at 1015, 1047, 1243, 1634, 2347, 2373, 2697 and 3840 cm−1 which are corresponding to following compounds polysaccharides, carboxylic acids, water, alcohols, esters, ethers, amines, amides and phenol, respectively as reported by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy analysis. Gas chromatography–mass spectrometry and Liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry analysis revealed 39 and 70 compounds, respectively, which might be contributed for bio-reduction, capping, stabilization and larvicidal behavior of AgNPs. A comparable lethality (LC50 and LC90) was observed in case of Pd@AgNPs over leaf extract alone. The potential larvicidal activity of Pd@AgNPs was observed against the larvae of Aedes aegypti,(LC50, 2.605; LC90, 5.084 ppm) Anopheles stephensi (LC50, 3.269; LC90, 7.790 ppm) and Culex quinquefasciatus (LC50, 5.373; LC90, 14.738 ppm without affecting non-targeted organism, Mesocyclops thermocyclopoides after 72 hr of exposure. This study entails green chemistry behind synthesis of AgNPs which offers effective technique for mosquito control and other therapeutic applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dinesh Kumar
- ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research, Dwarka, New Delhi 110077, India
| | - Pawan Kumar
- ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research, Dwarka, New Delhi 110077, India
| | - Kumar Vikram
- ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research, Dwarka, New Delhi 110077, India
| | - Himmat Singh
- ICMR-National Institute of Malaria Research, Dwarka, New Delhi 110077, India
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Zeleke G, De Baere S, Suleman S, Devreese M. Development and Validation of a Reliable UHPLC-MS/MS Method for Simultaneous Quantification of Macrocyclic Lactones in Bovine Plasma. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27030998. [PMID: 35164263 PMCID: PMC8838099 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27030998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
A fast, accurate and reliable ultra-high performance liquid chromatography–tandem mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) method was developed for simultaneous quantification of ivermectin (IVER), doramectin (DORA), and moxidectin (MOXI) in bovine plasma. A priority for sample preparation was the eradication of possible infectious diseases to avoid travel restrictions. The sample preparation was based on protein precipitation using 1% formic acid in acetonitrile, followed by Ostro® 96-well plate pass-through sample clean-up. The simple and straightforward procedure, along with the short analysis time, makes the current method unique and suitable for a large set of sample analyses per day for PK studies. Chromatographic separation was performed using an Acquity UPLC HSS-T3 column, with 0.01% acetic acid in water and methanol, on an Acquity H-Class ultra-high performance liquid chromatograph (UHPLC) system. The MS/MS instrument was a Xevo TQ-S® mass spectrometer, operating in the positive electrospray ionization mode and two multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) transitions were monitored per component. The MRM transitions of m/z 897.50 > 753.4 for IVER, m/z 921.70 > 777.40 for DORA and m/z 640.40 > 123.10 for MOXI were used for quantification. The method validation was performed using matrix-matched calibration curves in a concentration range of 1 to 500 ng/mL. Calibration curves fitted a quadratic regression model with 1/x2 weighting (r ≥ 0.998 and GoF ≤ 4.85%). Limits of quantification (LOQ) values of 1 ng/mL were obtained for all the analytes, while the limits of detection (LOD) were 0.02 ng/mL for IVER, 0.03 ng/mL for DORA, and 0.58 ng/mL for MOXI. The results of within-day (RSD < 6.50%) and between-day (RSD < 8.10%) precision and accuracies fell within acceptance ranges. No carry-over and no peak were detected in the UHPLC-MS/MS chromatogram of blank samples showing good specificity of the method. The applicability of the developed method was proved by an analysis of the field PK samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gemechu Zeleke
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium; (G.Z.); (S.D.B.)
- Institute of Health, School of Pharmacy, Jimma University, Jimma P.O. Box 378, Ethiopia;
| | - Siegrid De Baere
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium; (G.Z.); (S.D.B.)
| | - Sultan Suleman
- Institute of Health, School of Pharmacy, Jimma University, Jimma P.O. Box 378, Ethiopia;
| | - Mathias Devreese
- Laboratory of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Department of Pathobiology, Pharmacology and Zoological Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ghent University, B-9820 Merelbeke, Belgium; (G.Z.); (S.D.B.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +32-(0)9-264-73-47
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Baeshen R. Swarming Behavior in Anopheles gambiae (sensu lato): Current Knowledge and Future Outlook. JOURNAL OF MEDICAL ENTOMOLOGY 2022; 59:56-66. [PMID: 34617121 PMCID: PMC8755986 DOI: 10.1093/jme/tjab157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Effective management of insect disease vectors requires a detailed understanding of their ecology and behavior. In Anopheles gambiae sensu lato (s.l.) (Diptera: Culicidae) mating occurs during swarming, but knowledge of their mating behavior under natural conditions is limited. Mosquitoes mate in flight over specific landmarks, known as swarm markers, at particular locations. Swarms consist of males; the females usually approach the swarm and depart following copulation. The number of mating pairs per swarm is closely associated with swarm size. The shape and height of swarm markers vary and may depend on the environmental conditions at the swarm's location. Male-male interactions in mosquito swarms with similar levels of attractive flight activity can offer a mating advantage to some individuals. Flight tone is used by mosquitoes to recognize the other sex and choose a desirable mate. Clarifying these and other aspects of mosquito reproductive behavior can facilitate the development of population control measures that target swarming sites. This review describes what is currently known about swarming behavior in Anopheles gambiae s.l., including swarm characteristics; mating within and outside of swarms, insemination in females, and factors affecting and stimulating swarming.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rowida Baeshen
- Faculty of Sciences, Biology Department, University of Tabuk, Tabuk, Kingdom of Saudi Arabia
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Review of the Current Landscape of the Potential of Nanotechnology for Future Malaria Diagnosis, Treatment, and Vaccination Strategies. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13122189. [PMID: 34959470 PMCID: PMC8706932 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13122189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/14/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Malaria eradication has for decades been on the global health agenda, but the causative agents of the disease, several species of the protist parasite Plasmodium, have evolved mechanisms to evade vaccine-induced immunity and to rapidly acquire resistance against all drugs entering clinical use. Because classical antimalarial approaches have consistently failed, new strategies must be explored. One of these is nanomedicine, the application of manipulation and fabrication technology in the range of molecular dimensions between 1 and 100 nm, to the development of new medical solutions. Here we review the current state of the art in malaria diagnosis, prevention, and therapy and how nanotechnology is already having an incipient impact in improving them. In the second half of this review, the next generation of antimalarial drugs currently in the clinical pipeline is presented, with a definition of these drugs' target product profiles and an assessment of the potential role of nanotechnology in their development. Opinions extracted from interviews with experts in the fields of nanomedicine, clinical malaria, and the economic landscape of the disease are included to offer a wider scope of the current requirements to win the fight against malaria and of how nanoscience can contribute to achieve them.
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Citizen science for monitoring the spatial and temporal dynamics of malaria vectors in relation to environmental risk factors in Ruhuha, Rwanda. Malar J 2021; 20:453. [PMID: 34861863 PMCID: PMC8641173 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-021-03989-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Accepted: 11/18/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background As part of malaria prevention and control efforts, the distribution and density of malaria mosquitoes requires continuous monitoring. Resources for long-term surveillance of malaria vectors, however, are often limited. The aim of the research was to evaluate the value of citizen science in providing insight into potential malaria vector hotspots and other malaria relevant information, and to determine predictors of malaria vector abundance in a region where routine mosquito monitoring has not been established to support vector surveillance. Methods A 1-year citizen science programme for malaria mosquito surveillance was implemented in five villages of the Ruhuha sector in Bugesera district, Rwanda. In total, 112 volunteer citizens were enrolled and reported monthly data on mosquitoes collected in their peridomestic environment using handmade carbon-dioxide baited traps. Additionally, they reported mosquito nuisance experienced as well as the number of confirmed malaria cases in their household. Results In total, 3793 female mosquitoes were collected, of which 10.8% were anophelines. For the entire period, 16% of the volunteers reported having at least one confirmed malaria case per month, but this varied by village and month. During the study year 66% of the households reported at least one malaria case. From a sector perspective, a higher mosquito and malaria vector abundance was observed in the two villages in the south of the study area. The findings revealed significant positive correlations among nuisance reported and confirmed malaria cases, and also between total number of Culicidae and confirmed malaria cases, but not between the numbers of the malaria vector Anopheles gambiae and malaria cases. At the sector level, of thirteen geographical risk factors considered for inclusion in multiple regression, distance to the river network and elevation played a role in explaining mosquito and malaria mosquito abundance. Conclusions The study demonstrates that a citizen science approach can contribute to mosquito monitoring, and can help to identify areas that, in view of limited resources for control, are at higher risk of malaria.
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Zoh MG, Bonneville JM, Tutagata J, Laporte F, Fodjo BK, Mouhamadou CS, Sadia CG, McBeath J, Schmitt F, Horstmann S, Reynaud S, David JP. Experimental evolution supports the potential of neonicotinoid-pyrethroid combination for managing insecticide resistance in malaria vectors. Sci Rep 2021; 11:19501. [PMID: 34593941 PMCID: PMC8484614 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-99061-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The introduction of neonicotinoids for managing insecticide resistance in mosquitoes is of high interest as they interact with a biochemical target not previously used in public health. In this concern, Bayer developed a combination of the neonicotinoid clothianidin and the pyrethroid deltamethrin (brand name Fludora Fusion) as a new vector control tool. Although this combination proved to be efficient against pyrethroid-resistant mosquitoes, its ability to prevent the selection of pyrethroid and neonicotinoid resistance alleles was not investigated. In this context, the objective of this work was to study the dynamics and the molecular mechanisms of resistance of An. gambiae to the separated or combined components of this combination. A field-derived An. gambiae line carrying resistance alleles to multiple insecticides at low frequencies was used as a starting for 33 successive generations of controlled selection. Resistance levels to each insecticide and target site mutation frequencies were monitored throughout the selection process. Cross resistance to other public health insecticides were also investigated. RNA-seq was used to compare gene transcription variations and polymorphisms across all lines. This study confirmed the potential of this insecticide combination to impair the selection of resistance as compared to its two separated components. Deltamethrin selection led to the rapid enrichment of the kdr L1014F target-site mutation. Clothianidin selection led to the over-transcription of multiple cytochrome P450s including some showing high homology with those conferring neonicotinoid resistance in other insects. A strong selection signature associated with clothianidin selection was also observed on a P450 gene cluster previously associated with resistance. Within this cluster, the gene CYP6M1 showed the highest selection signature together with a transcription profile supporting a role in clothianidin resistance. Modelling the impact of point mutations selected by clothianidin on CYP6M1 protein structure showed that selection retained a protein variant with a modified active site potentially enhancing clothianidin metabolism. In the context of the recent deployment of neonicotinoids for mosquito control and their frequent usage in agriculture, the present study highlights the benefit of combining them with other insecticides for preventing the selection of resistance and sustaining vector control activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius Gonse Zoh
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA) UMR 5553 CNRS Grenoble-Alpes University, Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Marc Bonneville
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA) UMR 5553 CNRS Grenoble-Alpes University, Grenoble, France
| | - Jordan Tutagata
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA) UMR 5553 CNRS Grenoble-Alpes University, Grenoble, France
| | - Frederic Laporte
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA) UMR 5553 CNRS Grenoble-Alpes University, Grenoble, France
| | - Behi K Fodjo
- Centre Suisse de La Recherche Scientifique (CSRS), Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | | | - Christabelle Gba Sadia
- Centre Suisse de La Recherche Scientifique (CSRS), Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.,University of Nangui Abrogoua, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire
| | - Justin McBeath
- Bayer CropScience Ltd, Cambridge Science Park, Cambridge, UK
| | | | | | - Stephane Reynaud
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA) UMR 5553 CNRS Grenoble-Alpes University, Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Philippe David
- Laboratoire d'Ecologie Alpine (LECA) UMR 5553 CNRS Grenoble-Alpes University, Grenoble, France.
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Malaria prevalence and associated risk factors in Dembiya district, North-western Ethiopia. Malar J 2021; 20:372. [PMID: 34535130 PMCID: PMC8447688 DOI: 10.1186/s12936-021-03906-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/06/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Ethiopia embarked on combating malaria with an aim to eliminate malaria from low transmission districts by 2030. A continuous monitoring of malaria prevalence in areas under elimination settings is important to evaluate the status of malaria transmission and the effectiveness of the currently existing malaria intervention strategies. The aim of this study was to assess the prevalence of malaria and associated risk factors in selected areas of Dembiya district. Methods A cross-sectional parasitological and retrospective survey was conducted in the two localities of Dembiya District, selected based on their long standing history of implementing malaria prevention and elimination strategies. Thin and thick blood smears collected from 735 randomly selected individuals between October and December, 2018 were microscopically examined for malaria parasites. Six years (2012–2017) retrospective malaria data was collected from the medical records of the health centres. Structured questionnaires were prepared to collect information about the socio-economic data of the population. Logistic regression analysis was used to determine a key risk factor explaining the prevalence of malaria. The data were analysed using SPSS version 20 and p ≤ 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Results The 6-year retrospective malaria prevalence trend indicates an overall malaria prevalence of 22.4%, out of which Plasmodium falciparum was the dominant species. From a total of 735 slides examined for the presence of malaria parasites, 3.5% (n = 26) were positive for malaria parasites, in which P. falciparum was more prevalent (n = 17; 2.3%), Plasmodium vivax (n = 5; 0.7%), and mixed infections (n = 4; 0.5%). Males were 2.6 times more likely to be infected with malaria than females (AOR = 2.6; 95% CI 1.0, 6.4), and individuals with frequent outdoor activity were 16.4 times more vulnerable than individuals with limited outdoor activities (AOR = 16.4, 95% CI 1.8, 147.9). Furthermore, awareness about malaria transmission was significantly associated with the prevalence of malaria. Conclusions Malaria is still a public health problem in Dembiya district irrespective of the past and existing vector control interventions. Therefore, the authorities should work on designing alternative intervention strategies targeting outdoor malaria transmission and improving community awareness about malaria transmission and control methods in the study area. For this, continuous monitoring of vectors’ susceptibility, density, and behaviour is very important in such areas.
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Bacterial Toxins Active against Mosquitoes: Mode of Action and Resistance. Toxins (Basel) 2021; 13:toxins13080523. [PMID: 34437394 PMCID: PMC8402332 DOI: 10.3390/toxins13080523] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2021] [Revised: 06/18/2021] [Accepted: 06/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Larvicides based on the bacteria Bacillus thuringiensis svar. israelensis (Bti) and Lysinibacillus sphaericus are effective and environmentally safe compounds for the control of dipteran insects of medical importance. They produce crystals that display specific and potent insecticidal activity against larvae. Bti crystals are composed of multiple protoxins: three from the three-domain Cry type family, which bind to different cell receptors in the midgut, and one cytolytic (Cyt1Aa) protoxin that can insert itself into the cell membrane and act as surrogate receptor of the Cry toxins. Together, those toxins display a complex mode of action that shows a low risk of resistance selection. L. sphaericus crystals contain one major binary toxin that display an outstanding persistence in field conditions, which is superior to Bti. However, the action of the Bin toxin based on its interaction with a single receptor is vulnerable for resistance selection in insects. In this review we present the most recent data on the mode of action and synergism of these toxins, resistance issues, and examples of their use worldwide. Data reported in recent years improved our understanding of the mechanism of action of these toxins, showed that their combined use can enhance their activity and counteract resistance, and reinforced their relevance for mosquito control programs in the future years.
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Cannon MV, Bogale HN, Bhalerao D, Keita K, Camara D, Barry Y, Keita M, Coulibaly D, Kone AK, Doumbo OK, Thera MA, Plowe CV, Travassos MA, Irish SR, Yeroshefsky J, Dorothy J, Prendergast B, St. Laurent B, Fritz ML, Serre D. High-throughput detection of eukaryotic parasites and arboviruses in mosquitoes. Biol Open 2021; 10:bio058855. [PMID: 34156069 PMCID: PMC8325944 DOI: 10.1242/bio.058855] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Vector-borne pathogens cause many human infectious diseases and are responsible for high mortality and morbidity throughout the world. They can also cause livestock epidemics with dramatic social and economic consequences. Due to its high costs, vector-borne disease surveillance is often limited to current threats, and the investigation of emerging pathogens typically occurs after the reports of clinical cases. Here, we use high-throughput sequencing to detect and identify a wide range of parasites and viruses carried by mosquitoes from Cambodia, Guinea, Mali and the USA. We apply this approach to individual Anopheles mosquitoes as well as pools of mosquitoes captured in traps; and compare the outcomes of this assay when applied to DNA or RNA. We identified known human and animal pathogens and mosquito parasites belonging to a wide range of taxa, as well as DNA sequences from previously uncharacterized organisms. Our results also revealed that analysis of the content of an entire trap could be an efficient approach to monitor and identify rare vector-borne pathogens in large surveillance studies. Overall, we describe a high-throughput and easy-to-customize assay to screen for a wide range of pathogens and efficiently complement current vector-borne disease surveillance approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew V. Cannon
- Institute for Genome Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Haikel N. Bogale
- Institute for Genome Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Devika Bhalerao
- Institute for Genome Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Kalil Keita
- Programme National de Lutte contre le Paludisme, Guinea
| | - Denka Camara
- Programme National de Lutte contre le Paludisme, Guinea
| | - Yaya Barry
- Programme National de Lutte contre le Paludisme, Guinea
| | - Moussa Keita
- Programme National de Lutte contre le Paludisme, Guinea
| | - Drissa Coulibaly
- Malaria Research and Training Center, University Science, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Mali
| | - Abdoulaye K. Kone
- Malaria Research and Training Center, University Science, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Mali
| | - Ogobara K. Doumbo
- Malaria Research and Training Center, University Science, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Mali
| | - Mahamadou A. Thera
- Malaria Research and Training Center, University Science, Techniques and Technologies of Bamako, Mali
| | - Christopher V. Plowe
- Malaria Research Program, Department of Medicine, Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Mark A. Travassos
- Malaria Research Program, Department of Medicine, Center for Vaccine Development and Global Health, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
| | - Seth R. Irish
- U.S. President's Malaria Initiative and Entomology Branch, Division of Parasitic Diseases and Malaria, Center for Global Health, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, Atlanta, GA 30333, USA
| | - Joshua Yeroshefsky
- Department of Entomology, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - Jeannine Dorothy
- Mosquito Control Program, Maryland Department of Agriculture, Annapolis, MD 21401, USA
| | - Brian Prendergast
- Mosquito Control Program, Maryland Department of Agriculture, Annapolis, MD 21401, USA
| | - Brandyce St. Laurent
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, Rockville, MD 20852, USA
| | - Megan L. Fritz
- Department of Entomology, University of Maryland College Park, College Park, MD 20742, USA
| | - David Serre
- Institute for Genome Sciences, Department of Microbiology and Immunology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21201, USA
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