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Hakim EA, McDonald KL, Lochman JE, Powell N, Witte TH, Vernberg EM. Youth Aggression and Peer Victimization as Predictors of Adolescent Alcohol and Marijuana Use: A Longitudinal Analysis of Youth with Aggressive Behavior Problems. Res Child Adolesc Psychopathol 2024; 52:877-889. [PMID: 38252334 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-024-01166-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/09/2024] [Indexed: 01/23/2024]
Abstract
Youth who are behaviorally aggressive and victimized by their peers comprise a significant population with specific risks and vulnerabilities relative to substance use. The goals of the current study were to examine the roles that youth aggression and peer victimization play in determining the timing of alcohol and marijuana use initiation and the frequency of use 5-years later in a sample of at-risk, aggressive youth. 360 youth (Mage= 10.17 years; 65% boys, 35% girls; 78.1% African American, 20.3% Caucasian, 1.4% Hispanic, and 0.3% other) recruited for a prevention program for at-risk youth were followed for 5 years (4th - 9th grade). Cox PH regressions were conducted to predict timing of alcohol and marijuana use initiation. Zero-inflated negative binomial regressions were used to predict frequency of alcohol and marijuana use 5 years later. Results showed that peer victimization inferred decreased risk of alcohol use initiation. However, this effect was only observed for youth with relatively moderate, and low levels of aggression. Findings suggest that differences in youth aggression and victimization interact to predict distinct outcomes, suggesting the need for a more comprehensive approach when working with aggressive youth who have experienced peer victimization.
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Laroque FM, Boers E, Afzali MH, Conrod PJ. Personality-specific pathways from bullying victimization to adolescent alcohol use: a multilevel longitudinal moderated mediation analysis. Dev Psychopathol 2023; 35:1454-1467. [PMID: 35129105 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579421001358] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Bullying victimization is common in adolescence and has been associated with a broad variety of psychopathology and alcohol use. The present study assessed time-varying associations between bullying victimization and alcohol use through internalizing and externalizing symptoms and whether this indirect association throughout time is moderated by personality. This 5-year longitudinal study (3,800 grade 7 adolescents) used Bayesian multilevel moderated mediation models: independent variable was bullying victimization; moderators were four personality dimensions (anxiety sensitivity, hopelessness, impulsivity, and sensation seeking); internalizing symptoms (anxiety, depressive symptoms) and externalizing symptoms (conduct, hyperactivity problems) were the mediators; and alcohol use, the outcome. Results indicated significant between, within, and lagged effects on alcohol use through internalizing and externalizing symptoms. There were significant between and within effects on alcohol use through internalizing symptoms for adolescents with high anxiety sensitivity and hopelessness, and significant between, within, and lagged effects on alcohol use through externalizing symptoms for adolescents with high impulsivity and sensation seeking. These findings implicate two risk pathways that account for how bullying victimization enhances alcohol use risk and emphasize the importance of personality profiles that can shape the immediate and long-term consequences of victimization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flavie M Laroque
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, University of Montreal, and CHU Ste Justine Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Elroy Boers
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, University of Montreal, and CHU Ste Justine Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Mohammad H Afzali
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, University of Montreal, and CHU Ste Justine Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
| | - Patricia J Conrod
- Department of Psychiatry and Addiction, University of Montreal, and CHU Ste Justine Research Center, Montreal, QC, Canada
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Patwardhan I, Guo Y, Hamburger ER, Sarwar S, Fleming CB, James TD, Nelson JM, Espy KA, Nelson TD, Mason WA. Childhood executive control and adolescent substance use initiation: the mediating roles of physical and relational aggression and prosocial behavior. Child Neuropsychol 2023; 29:235-254. [PMID: 35678295 PMCID: PMC9732148 DOI: 10.1080/09297049.2022.2079615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/17/2023]
Abstract
Although predictive associations between childhood executive control (EC) and adolescent substance use have been established in prior research, the developmental pathways involved in these long-term links have not been well understood. The goal of the current study was to investigate the degree to which aggressive behaviors, including both physical and relational aggression, and prosocial behaviors in elementary school operate as developmental pathways between preschool EC and adolescent substance use, while accounting for participants' age, sex, family history of substance use, and family socioeconomic status. Participants were 329 youth (49% male; 63.6% European American) who were recruited to participate in a study between 2006 and 2012 while youth were in preschool and elementary school and followed into adolescence. The sample was recruited from a small Midwestern city in the United States. EC was assessed with performance-based tasks when children were 5 years 3 months. Youth behaviors with peers were reported by teachers when participants were in elementary school. Self-reports of the substance use initiation (e-cigarettes, cigarettes, alcohol, and marijuana) were obtained in adolescence via phone surveys. Mediation analyses revealed a statistically significant indirect effect from preschool EC to adolescent substance use through youth's engagement in relational aggression in elementary school (b = > -0.22 [-0.51; -0.08]; β = > -0.18). Our results suggest that developmental pathways to adolescent substance use may begin in preschool, setting the stage for susceptibility to engagement in relational aggression, which increases, in turn, youth's likelihood for substance use initiation in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irina Patwardhan
- Child and Family Translational Research Center, Boys Town, NE, USA
| | - Ying Guo
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Emily R Hamburger
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Saira Sarwar
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Charles B Fleming
- Center for the Study of Health and Risk Behaviors, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
| | - Tiffany D James
- Office of Research and Economic Development, 301 Canfield Administration, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Jennifer Mize Nelson
- Department of Psychology, Office of Research and Economic Development, 301 Canfield Administration, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, USA
| | - Kimberly Andrews Espy
- Office of the Provost and Vice President for Academic Affairs, University of Texas at San Antonio, San Antonio, TX, USA
| | - Timothy D Nelson
- Department of Psychology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - W Alex Mason
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Tennessee Health Science Center, Memphis, TN, USA
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Coyle S, Cipra A, Rueger SY. Bullying types and roles in early adolescence: Latent classes of perpetrators and victims. J Sch Psychol 2021; 89:51-71. [PMID: 34836576 DOI: 10.1016/j.jsp.2021.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 05/19/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Although research has suggested that youth involved in bullying as victims, perpetrators, or both are at risk for negative outcomes, less work has investigated different patterns in how youth are involved in bullying with consideration for both the role (i.e., victimization and perpetration) as well as type of behaviors experienced (i.e., cyber, verbal, relational, and physical). Using Latent Class Analysis (LCA), the current study investigated patterns of bullying involvement with a sample of 799 middle school students. Results indicated that five classes of bully-involved youth emerged, including a (a) not involved class, (b) traditional bully victim class, (c) verbal bully-victim class, (d) traditional victim-only class, and (e) cyber bully-victim class. Notably, the bully-involved groups demonstrated significantly more internalizing, externalizing, and school related problems than youth not involved in bullying. Implications regarding identification of youth at risk for social and emotional challenges and intervention planning for bully involved youth are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samantha Coyle
- Montclair State University, Department of Psychology, Montclair, NJ 04043, United States of America.
| | - Alli Cipra
- Governors State University, Department of Psychology, University Park, IL 60484, United States of America.
| | - Sandra Yu Rueger
- Wheaton College, School of Psychology, Counseling, and Family Therapy, Wheaton, IL 60187, United States of America.
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Chen L, Lu RR, Duan JL, Ma J, Zhu G, Song Y, Lau PWC, Prochaska JJ. Combined Associations of Smoking and Bullying Victimization With Binge Drinking Among Adolescents in Beijing, China. Front Psychiatry 2021; 12:698562. [PMID: 34603100 PMCID: PMC8481949 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2021.698562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Binge drinking and smoking among adolescents are serious public concerns. However, very few studies have explored the reinforcement of bullying victimization by such behavior. Our study aimed at examining the individual and combined associations of smoking and bullying victimization with binge drinking among adolescents in Beijing, China. Methods: A total of 33,694 students aged 13-17 years old in Beijing, China were anonymously investigated via the cross-sectional Chinese Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance Survey from April to May 2014. A three-stage stratified sampling was used to select participants. Factors such as sociodemographic variables and indicators of smoking, bullying victimization, and binge drinking were analyzed with multiple logistic regressions, and joint and additive interaction effects were tested. Results: Overall, ever-drinking prevalence was 59.1% (boys: 64.4%; girls: 53.7%). Past 30-day binge drinking was 11.5% (boys: 15.6%; girls: 7.4%) and frequent binge drinking was 2.3% (boys: 3.3%; girls: 1.0%). Past 30-day smoking was 10.7% (boys: 16.4%; girls: 5.0%) and past 30-day bullying victimization was 48.7% (boys: 57.3%; girls: 40.1%). The combined effects of smoking and bullying victimization on occasional binge drinking (OR = 6.49, 95% CI = 5.60-7.52) and frequent binge drinking (OR = 10.32, 95% CI = 7.52-14.14) were significant, and the additive interaction effect was significant for current smoking and bullying victimization on frequent binge drinking (OR = 10.22, 95% CI = 9.43-11.07). The additive interaction effect for current smoking and bullying victimization on frequent binge drinking was significant among boys. Conclusion: Bullying victimization reinforced the association of smoking with frequent binge drinking, especially with findings specific to boys. Programs to prevent smoking or bullying or both may reduce binge drinking among adolescents in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Chen
- School of Public Health, Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Ruo-Ran Lu
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
| | - Jia-Li Duan
- Beijing Center for Disease Prevention and Control, Beijing, China
| | - Jun Ma
- School of Public Health, Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Guangrong Zhu
- School of Public Health, Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Yi Song
- School of Public Health, Institute of Child and Adolescent Health, Peking University, Beijing, China
| | - Patrick W C Lau
- Department of Sport, Physical Education and Health, Hong Kong Baptist University, Hong Kong, SAR China.,Laboratory of Exercise Science and Health, BNU-HKBU United International College, Zhuhai, China
| | - Judith J Prochaska
- Department of Medicine, Stanford Prevention Research Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
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Filipponi C, Petrocchi S, Camerini AL. Bullying and Substance Use in Early Adolescence: Investigating the Longitudinal and Reciprocal Effects Over 3 Years Using the Random Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Model. Front Psychol 2020; 11:571943. [PMID: 33224066 PMCID: PMC7674280 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.571943] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Bullying and substance use among adolescents have been increasingly studied in the field of developmental psychology, but research to date has primarily investigated the cross-sectional relationship and, to a lesser extent, the long-term impact of bullying on substance use. Grounded in the General Theory of Crime, this study focused on the longitudinal reciprocal relationships between bullying and substance use (i.e., smoking and alcohol consumption) during early to mid-adolescence, which is a critical developmental phase. We aimed to investigate the hypothesis of a reinforcing downward spiral at the within-person level. Moreover, we intended to examine gender differences in the expected longitudinal relationships. Our analyses are based on self-report data for bullying and substance use collected from 1,495 adolescents (746 males; M age at T 1 = 12.42, SD = 0.58) at three waves between 2017 and 2019. We applied the random intercept cross-lagged panel model to separate within-person from between-person effects. At the between-person level, the mutual association between bullying and substance use, previously demonstrated in cross-sectional studies, was confirmed. At the within-person level, results provide evidence of a significant age-dependent change in bullying and substance use from 13 to 14 years old, where the significant increase in bullying could be attributed to females but not to males. We also found a gender-independent significant positive effect of bullying at 12 years old on substance use at 13 years, but not vice versa. Thus, the hypothesis of a reinforcing downward spiral, shown by significant positive reciprocal effects, did not find support. According to the General Theory of Crime, our findings underline that bullying can be considered a context-related factor inasmuch as it pushes adolescents to smoke and drink, which are both expressions of low levels of self-control, which need to be considered in intervention programs to effectively prevent unhealthy and risky behaviors in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chiara Filipponi
- Faculty of Communication, Culture and Society, Institute of Communication and Health, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Serena Petrocchi
- Faculty of Communication, Culture and Society, Institute of Communication and Health, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
| | - Anne-Linda Camerini
- Faculty of Communication, Culture and Society, Institute of Public Health, Università della Svizzera Italiana, Lugano, Switzerland
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Afifi RA, El Asmar K, Bteddini D, Assi M, Yassin N, Bitar S, Ghandour L. Bullying Victimization and Use of Substances in High School: Does Religiosity Moderate the Association? JOURNAL OF RELIGION AND HEALTH 2020; 59:334-350. [PMID: 30868336 DOI: 10.1007/s10943-019-00789-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Alcohol, tobacco and other drug use continue to pose serious public health concerns among youth. Bullying victimization has been identified as a risk factor and religiosity a protective factor for adolescent substance use. No previous research has examined the potential moderating role of religiosity. We explore the association between bullying victimization and substance use in adolescents with low and high levels of religiosity. A cross-sectional survey was conducted with a representative sample of high school students in greater Beirut. Binary and multinomial logistic models were used, adjusting for demographics, and stratified by level of religiosity. Of the 986 students responding to the survey, 65% were females; 48% had experienced some form of bullying; and 52% self-rated as low in religiosity. Between 10 and 30% were current users of alcohol or tobacco. Students of lower religiosity levels who had been bullied were more likely to use substances than those who self-rated as high religiosity. Religiosity may be a potential moderator of the association between being bullied and substance use, but the exact mechanisms and underlying reasons need further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rima A Afifi
- Department of Health Promotion and Community Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Department of Community and Behavioral Health, College of Public Health, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA, USA
| | - Khalil El Asmar
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, PO Box 11-0236, Beirut, 1107 2020, Lebanon
| | - Dima Bteddini
- Department of Health Promotion and Community Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Moubadda Assi
- Center for Research on Population and Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nasser Yassin
- Department of Health Management and Policy, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
- Issam Fares Institute for Public Policy, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Sara Bitar
- American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Lilian Ghandour
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Faculty of Health Sciences, American University of Beirut, PO Box 11-0236, Beirut, 1107 2020, Lebanon.
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Livingston JA, Derrick JL, Wang W, Testa M, Nickerson AB, Espelage DL, Miller KE. Proximal Associations among Bullying, Mood, and Substance Use: A Daily Report Study. JOURNAL OF CHILD AND FAMILY STUDIES 2019; 28:2558-2571. [PMID: 32269466 PMCID: PMC7141574 DOI: 10.1007/s10826-018-1109-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Adolescent involvement in bullying as a victim or perpetrator has been associated with negative health outcomes, including emotional distress and substance use. Whether negative affect and substance use are acute responses to bullying involvement or whether they develop over time is unknown. Such knowledge is needed to understand the conditions under which bullying contributes to adverse outcomes, as well as to inform the development of appropriate interventions. This study examined the daily-level associations among bullying, negative affect, and substance use (i.e., alcohol, cigarettes, electronic-cigarettes, marijuana) among a community sample of adolescents (N = 204) ages 13 - 16 years (55% female, 81% European American, 13% African-American) who had reported bully victimization or perpetration in the past six months. Participants completed a brief on-line survey every day for 56 consecutive days, reporting on their experiences with bully victimization, bully perpetration, mood, and substance use for that day. Consistent with hypotheses, being bullied on a given day was associated with reporting greater than average levels of sadness (b = 0.279, 95% CI = [0.172, 0.387]), anger (b = 0.354, 95% CI = [0.242, 0.466]), and cigarette use (OR = 1.453, 95% CI = [1.006, 2.099]) on that day; however, it was not associated with alcohol, electronic-cigarette, or marijuana use. Perpetration was not associated with same day negative affect or substance use. Results of the current study suggest that negative affect and cigarette use may be acute responses to bully victimization. Bully perpetration does not appear to be proximally linked to mood or substance use after accounting for victimization.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Jaye L Derrick
- Department of Psychology, University of Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Weijun Wang
- Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, NY
| | - Maria Testa
- Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, NY
| | - Amanda B Nickerson
- Alberti Center for Bullying Abuse Prevention, University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, NY
| | | | - Kathleen E Miller
- Research Institute on Addictions, University at Buffalo, SUNY, Buffalo, NY
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Zapolski TC, Rowe AT, Fisher S, Hensel DJ, Barnes-Najor J. Peer victimization and substance use: Understanding the indirect effect of depressive symptomatology across gender. Addict Behav 2018; 84:160-166. [PMID: 29698871 DOI: 10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.04.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/10/2018] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Peer victimization in school is common, with emerging literature suggesting that it may also increase risk for substance abuse. Yet, little is known about the underlying mechanisms within this risk pathway. The objective of this study is to use a prospective 3-wave design to examine the mediating role of depressive symptomatology on the relationship between peer victimization and substance use, as well as examine if the pathway varies based on gender. METHOD 801 youth between 6th and 12th grade completed surveys across three years, which included measures on school peer victimization, depression symptomatology and substance use. Models tested the mediational pathway between victimization, depressive symptoms, and substance use. Models were stratified by gender. RESULTS Controlling for grade and the effect of each variable across waves, a significant indirect effect of peer victimization on substance use through depressive symptoms was found for females, with a non-significant indirect effect for males. CONCLUSION Results suggest that female youth who are victimized by peers engage in substance use behaviors, at least in part, due to increases in depressive symptoms. Given its effect on depression, female victims may therefore benefit from coping skills training that targets emotion regulation and distress tolerance skills in order to combat increased risk for substance use behaviors as a coping response to their victimization. Further research is warranted to better understand the risk pathway for male youth who also experience peer victimization.
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Lee Y, Lee KS. Associations between History of Hospitalization for Violence Victimization and Substance-Use Patterns among Adolescents: A 2017 Korean National Representative Survey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2018; 15:E1543. [PMID: 30037050 PMCID: PMC6068931 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph15071543] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Violence victimization can adversely affect adolescents' long-term health. Existing research has mainly focused on the link between victimization and substance use; however, the evidence obtained to date has been inconsistent. This study, using a Korean national representative sample, examined the association between violence victimization and substance-use patterns (including tobacco, alcohol, and drug use) in terms of sex and number of violence victimization experiences. We analyzed secondary data from the 2017 Korean Youth Risk Behavior Web-based Survey. Chi-squared test analyses and logistic regression analysis were used to examine substance use in terms of violence victimization; additionally, p-values for trends were calculated to reveal the dose-response relationship per number of violence victimization experiences. We consequently found that participants' rates of tobacco, alcohol, and drug use were higher among those who experienced violence victimization than among those who did not. For each substance-use-related variable, the greater the violence victimization experience, the higher the odds of substance use (p for trend < 0.001). Early intervention may help prevent the development of substance use, especially among adolescents who have experienced violence victimization. Prevention efforts regarding substance abuse and violence prevention should be included in school curricula to effectively prevent adverse health consequences among adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeji Lee
- Department of Public Health, Graduate School, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Korea.
| | - Kang-Sook Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine, College of Medicine, The Catholic University of Korea, 222 Banpo-daero, Seocho-gu, Seoul 06591, Korea.
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Huang Z, Liu Z, Liu X, Lv L, Zhang Y, Ou L, Li L. Risk Factors Associated with Peer Victimization and Bystander Behaviors among Adolescent Students. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2016; 13:ijerph13080759. [PMID: 27472354 PMCID: PMC4997445 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph13080759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2016] [Revised: 07/07/2016] [Accepted: 07/20/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Despite the prevalence of the phenomena of peer victimization and bystander behaviors, little data has generated to describe their relationships and risk factors. In this paper, a self-administered survey using a cross-sectional cluster-random sampling method in a sample of 5450 participants (2734 girls and 2716 boys) between 4th and 11th grades was conducted at six schools (two primary schools and four middle schools) located in Shantou, China. Self-reported peer victimization, bystander behaviors and information regarding parents' risky behaviors and individual behavioral factors were collected. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was applied to evaluate risk factors affecting peer victimization and bystander behaviors. The results indicated that urban participants were more likely to become bullying victims but less likely to become passive bystanders. Contrarily, bullying victimization was related to the increasing of passive bystander behaviors. Father drinking and mother smoking as independent factors were risk factors for peer victimization. Participants who were smoking or drinking had a tendency to be involved in both peer victimization and passive bystander behaviors. This study suggested that bystander behaviors, victims' and parents' educations play a more important role in peer victimization than previously thought.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zepeng Huang
- Injury Prevention Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xin Ling Road, Shantou 515041, China.
| | - Zhenni Liu
- Fu Jian Province Center for Disease Control and Prevention, 76 Jin Tai Road, Fu Zhou 350001, China.
| | - Xiangxiang Liu
- Injury Prevention Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xin Ling Road, Shantou 515041, China.
| | - Laiwen Lv
- Injury Prevention Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xin Ling Road, Shantou 515041, China.
| | - Yan Zhang
- The Second People's Hospital of Long Gang District, 175 Ji Hua Road, Shenzhen 518172, China.
| | - Limin Ou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Shantou University Medical College, 57 Chang Ping Road, Shantou 515041, China.
| | - Liping Li
- Injury Prevention Research Center, Shantou University Medical College, 22 Xin Ling Road, Shantou 515041, China.
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