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Jia B, He J, Zhang Y, Dang W, Xing B, Yang M, Xie H, Li J, Liu Z. Pulmonary delivery of magnolol-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers for COPD treatment. Int J Pharm 2024; 662:124495. [PMID: 39053678 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124495] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2024] [Revised: 06/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/18/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a prevalent lung condition characterized by airflow obstruction, disability, and high mortality rates. Magnolol (MA), known for its anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties, holds the potential for alleviating COPD symptoms. However, MA faces challenges like poor aqueous solubility and low bioavailability. Herein MA-loaded nanostructured lipid carriers (MA-NLC) were prepared using emulsification and solvent evaporation. These carriers exhibited a particle size of (19.67 ± 0.36) nm, a polydispersity index of (0.21 ± 0.01), and a zeta potential of (-5.18 ± 0.69) mV. The fine particle fraction of MA-NLC was (68.90 ± 0.07)%, indicating minimal lung irritation and enhanced safety. Pulmonary delivery of MA-NLC via nebulizer actively targeted the diseased lung tissues, facilitated slow release, and overcame the challenges of low oral absorption and bioavailability associated with MA. This formulation prolonged the residence time of MA and optimized its therapeutic effect in pulmonary tissues. Upon pulmonary administration, MA-NLC effectively regulated inflammatory and oxidative stress markers in COPD models, demonstrating its potential as a promising therapeutic platform for COPD management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bei Jia
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Jiachen He
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Ying Zhang
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Wenli Dang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Bin Xing
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Mengru Yang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Haonan Xie
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Jiawei Li
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
| | - Zhidong Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China; State Key Laboratory of Component-based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China.
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2
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Salústio PJ, Amaral MH, Costa PC. Different Carriers for Use in Dry Powder Inhalers: Characteristics of Their Particles. J Aerosol Med Pulm Drug Deliv 2024. [PMID: 39120712 DOI: 10.1089/jamp.2023.0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/10/2024] Open
Abstract
In contemporary times, there has been a rise in the utilization of dry powder inhalers (DPIs) in the management of pulmonary and systemic diseases. These devices underwent a swift advancement in terms of both the equipment utilized and the formulation process. In this review, the carrier physicochemical characteristics that influence DPI performance are discussed, focusing its shape, morphology, size distribution, texture, aerodynamic diameter, density, moisture, adhesive and detachment forces between particles, fine carrier particles, and dry powder aerosolization. To promote the deposition of the active principal ingredient deep within the pulmonary system, advancements have been made in enhancing these factors and surface properties through the application of novel technologies that encompass particle engineering. So far, the most used carrier is lactose showing some advantages and disadvantages, but other substances and systems are being studied with the intention of replacing it. The final objective of this review is to analyze the physicochemical and mechanical characteristics of the different carriers or new delivery systems used in DPI formulations, whether already on the market or still under investigation. [Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- P J Salústio
- Research Institute for Medicines (iMed.UL), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - M H Amaral
- UCIBIO-Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, MedTech-Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - P C Costa
- UCIBIO-Applied Molecular Biosciences Unit, MedTech-Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
- Associate Laboratory i4HB-Institute for Health and Bioeconomy, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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3
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Zhang K, Qian S, Liu Z, Liu H, Lin Z, Heng W, Gao Y, Zhang J, Wei Y. Specific surface area of mannitol rather than particle size dominant the dissolution rate of poorly water-soluble drug tablets: A study of binary mixture. Int J Pharm 2024; 660:124280. [PMID: 38802025 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124280] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/24/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
The dissolution behavior of tablets, particularly those containing poorly water-soluble drugs, is a critical factor in determining their absorption and therapeutic efficacy. Traditionally, the particle size of excipients has been considered a key property affecting tablet dissolution. However, lurasidone hydrochloride (LH) tablets prepared by similar particle size mannitol, namely M200 (D90 = 209.68 ± 1.42 μm) and 160C (D90 = 195.38 ± 6.87 μm), exhibiting significant differences in their dissolution behavior. In order to find the fundamental influential factors of mannitol influencing the dissolution of LH tablets, the properties (particle size, water content, true density, bulk density, tapped density, specific surface area, circularity, surface free energy, mechanical properties and flowability) of five grades mannitol including M200 and 160C were investigated. Principal component analysis (PCA) was used to establish a relationship between mannitol properties and the dissolution behavior of LH. The results demonstrated that specific surface area (SSA) emerged as the key property influencing the dissolution of LH tablets. Moreover, our investigation based on the percolation theory provided further insights that the SSA of mannitol influences the probability of LH-LH bonding and LH infinite cluster formation, resulting in the different percolation threshold states, then led to different dissolution behaviors. Importantly, it is worth noting that these findings do not invalidate previous conclusions, as reducing particle size generally increases SSA, thereby affecting the percolation threshold and dissolution behavior of LH. Instead, this study provides a deeper understanding of the underlying role played by excipient SSA in the dissolution of drug tablets. This study provides valuable guidance for the development of novel excipients aimed at improving drug dissolution functionality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ke Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Shuai Qian
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Zhenjing Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Huina Liu
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Zezhi Lin
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Weili Heng
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Yuan Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
| | - Yuanfeng Wei
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 210009, PR China.
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4
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Li HY, Makatsoris C, Forbes B. Particulate bioaerogels for respiratory drug delivery. J Control Release 2024; 370:195-209. [PMID: 38641021 DOI: 10.1016/j.jconrel.2024.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 04/05/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/21/2024]
Abstract
The bioaerogel microparticles have been recently developed for respiratory drug delivery and attract fast increasing interests. These highly porous microparticles have ultralow density and hence possess much reduced aerodynamic diameter, which favour them with greatly enhanced dispersibility and improved aerosolisation behaviour. The adjustable particle geometric dimensions by varying preparation methods and controlling operation parameters make it possible to fabricate bioaerogel microparticles with accurate sizes for efficient delivery to the targeted regions of respiratory tract (i.e. intranasal and pulmonary). Additionally, the technical process can provide bioaerogel microparticles with the opportunities of accommodating polar, weak polar and non-polar drugs at sufficient amount to satisfy clinical needs, and the adsorbed drugs are primarily in the amorphous form that potentially can facilitate drug dissolution and improve bioavailability. Finally, the nature of biopolymers can further offer additional advantageous characteristics of improved mucoadhesion, sustained drug release and subsequently elongated time for continuous treatment on-site. These fascinating features strongly support bioaerogel microparticles to become a novel platform for effective delivery of a wide range of drugs to the targeted respiratory regions, with increased drug residence time on-site, sustained drug release, constant treatment for local and systemic diseases and anticipated better-quality of therapeutic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hao-Ying Li
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom.
| | - Charalampos Makatsoris
- Department of Engineering, Faculty of Natural & Mathematical Sciences, King's College London, WC2R 2LS, United Kingdom
| | - Ben Forbes
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Science, King's College London, London SE1 9NH, United Kingdom.
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5
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Zhang J, Khanal D, Chan HK, Banaszak Holl MM. Nanoscale colocalized thermal and chemical mapping of pharmaceutical powder aerosols. Int J Pharm 2024; 656:124116. [PMID: 38615803 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124116] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 04/08/2024] [Accepted: 04/11/2024] [Indexed: 04/16/2024]
Abstract
Inhalation of pharmaceutical aerosol formulations is widely used to treat respiratory diseases. Spatially resolved thermal characterization offers promise for better understanding drug release rates from particles; however, this has been an analytical challenge due to the small particle size (from a few micrometers down to nanometers) and the complex composition of the formulations. Here, we employ nano-thermal analysis (nanoTA) to probe the nanothermal domain of a pharmaceutical aerosol formulation containing a mixture of fluticasone propionate (FP), salmeterol xinafoate (SX), and excipient lactose, which is widely used to treat asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Furthermore, atomic force microscopy-infrared spectroscopy (AFM-IR) and AFM force measurements are performed to provide nanochemical and nanomechanical information to complement the nanothermal data. The colocalized thermal and chemical mapping clearly reveals the surface heterogeneity of the drugs in the aerosol particles and demonstrates the contribution of the surface chemical composition to the variation in the thermal properties of the particles. We present a powerful analytical approach for in-depth characterization of thermal/chemical/morphological properties of dry powder inhaler particles at micro- and nanometer scales. This approach can be used to facilitate the comparison between generics and reference inhalation products and further the development of high-performance pharmaceutical formulations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Zhang
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Future Industries Institute, University of South Australia, Mawson Lakes, SA 5095, Australia
| | - Dipesh Khanal
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA
| | - Hak-Kim Chan
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
| | - Mark M Banaszak Holl
- Department of Chemical & Biological Engineering, Monash University, Clayton, VIC 3800, Australia; Department of Mechanical and Materials Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, 35294, USA; Division of Pulmonology, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Heersink School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA.
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6
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Patil H, Vemula SK, Narala S, Lakkala P, Munnangi SR, Narala N, Jara MO, Williams RO, Terefe H, Repka MA. Hot-Melt Extrusion: from Theory to Application in Pharmaceutical Formulation-Where Are We Now? AAPS PharmSciTech 2024; 25:37. [PMID: 38355916 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-024-02749-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/19/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024] Open
Abstract
Hot-melt extrusion (HME) is a globally recognized, robust, effective technology that enhances the bioavailability of poorly soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients and offers an efficient continuous manufacturing process. The twin-screw extruder (TSE) offers an extremely resourceful customizable mixer that is used for continuous compounding and granulation by using different combinations of conveying elements, kneading elements (forward and reverse configuration), and distributive mixing elements. TSE is thus efficiently utilized for dry, wet, or melt granulation not only to manufacture dosage forms such as tablets, capsules, or granule-filled sachets, but also for designing novel formulations such as dry powder inhalers, drying units for granules, nanoextrusion, 3D printing, complexation, and amorphous solid dispersions. Over the past decades, combined academic and pharmaceutical industry collaborations have driven novel innovations for HME technology, which has resulted in a substantial increase in published articles and patents. This article summarizes the challenges and models for executing HME scale-up. Additionally, it covers the benefits of continuous manufacturing, process analytical technology (PAT) considerations, and regulatory requirements. In summary, this well-designed review builds upon our earlier publication, probing deeper into the potential of twin-screw extruders (TSE) for various new applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hemlata Patil
- Department of Product Development, Catalent Pharma Solutions, 14 Schoolhouse Road, Somerset, New Jersey, 08873, USA
| | - Sateesh Kumar Vemula
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Oxford, Mississippi, 38677, USA
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab, 144001, India
| | - Sagar Narala
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Oxford, Mississippi, 38677, USA
| | - Preethi Lakkala
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Oxford, Mississippi, 38677, USA
| | - Siva Ram Munnangi
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Oxford, Mississippi, 38677, USA
| | - Nagarjuna Narala
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Oxford, Mississippi, 38677, USA
| | - Miguel O Jara
- Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Division, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, 2409 University Avenue, Austin, Texas, 78712, USA
| | - Robert O Williams
- Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery Division, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, 2409 University Avenue, Austin, Texas, 78712, USA
| | - Hibreniguss Terefe
- Department of Product Development, Catalent Pharma Solutions, 14 Schoolhouse Road, Somerset, New Jersey, 08873, USA
| | - Michael A Repka
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, Oxford, Mississippi, 38677, USA.
- Pii Center for Pharmaceutical Technology, The University of Mississippi, University, Oxford, Mississippi, 38677, USA.
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7
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Glieca S, Quarta E, Bottari B, Bancalari E, Monica S, Scaltriti E, Tambassi M, Flammini L, Bertoni S, Bianchera A, Fainardi V, Esposito S, Pisi G, Bettini R, Sonvico F, Buttini F. Development of inhalation powders containing lactic acid bacteria with antimicrobial activity against Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Int J Antimicrob Agents 2024; 63:107001. [PMID: 37839715 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijantimicag.2023.107001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 09/19/2023] [Accepted: 10/01/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The aim of the project was to develop and characterise powders containing a probiotic (Lactiplantibacillus plantarum [Lpb. plantarum], Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus, or Lactobacillus acidophilus) to be administered to the lung for the containment of pathogen growth in patients with lung infections. METHODS The optimised spray drying process for the powder manufacturing was able to preserve viability of the bacteria, which decreased of only one log unit and was maintained up to 30 days. RESULTS Probiotic powders showed a high respirability (42%-50% of particles had a size < 5 µm) suitable for lung deposition and were proven safe on A549 and Calu-3 cells up to a concentration of 107 colony-forming units/mL. The Lpb. plantarum adhesion to both cell lines tested was at least 10%. Surprisingly, Lpb. plantarum powder was bactericidal at a concentration of 106 colony-forming units/mL on P. aeruginosa, whereas the other two strains were bacteriostatic. CONCLUSION This work represents a promising starting point to consider a probiotic inhalation powder a value in keeping the growth of pathogenic microflora in check during the antibiotic inhalation therapy suspension in cystic fibrosis treatment regimen. This approach could also be advantageous for interfering competitively with pathogenic bacteria and promoting the restoration of the healthy microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Eride Quarta
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | | | - Saverio Monica
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Erika Scaltriti
- Risk Analysis and Genomic Epidemiology Unit, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna, Parma, Italy
| | - Martina Tambassi
- Risk Analysis and Genomic Epidemiology Unit, Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale della Lombardia e dell'Emilia-Romagna, Parma, Italy
| | - Lisa Flammini
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Simona Bertoni
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | | | - Valentina Fainardi
- Paediatric Clinic, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Susanna Esposito
- Paediatric Clinic, Department of Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Giovanna Pisi
- Cystic Fibrosis Unit, Paediatric Clinic, Az. Ospedaliera, Universitaria di Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Ruggero Bettini
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parma, Italy; Interdepartmental Centre for Innovation in Health Products, Biopharmanet_TEC, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Fabio Sonvico
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parma, Italy; Interdepartmental Centre for Innovation in Health Products, Biopharmanet_TEC, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Francesca Buttini
- Food and Drug Department, University of Parma, Parma, Italy; Interdepartmental Centre for Innovation in Health Products, Biopharmanet_TEC, University of Parma, Parma, Italy.
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8
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Zhang X, Zhu R, Wang X, Wang H, Xu Z, Wang Y, Quan D, Shen L. Core-Shell Microspheres Prepared Using Coaxial Electrostatic Spray for Local Chemotherapy of Solid Tumors. Pharmaceutics 2023; 16:45. [PMID: 38258056 PMCID: PMC10820845 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics16010045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2023] [Revised: 12/21/2023] [Accepted: 12/22/2023] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
Local chemotherapy is an alternative therapeutic strategy that involves direct delivery of drugs to the tumor site. This approach avoids adverse reactions caused by the systemic distribution of drugs and enhances the tumor-suppressing effect by concentrating the drugs at the tumor site. Drug-loaded microspheres are injectable sustained-release drug carriers that are highly suitable for local chemotherapy. However, a complex preparation process is one of the main technical difficulties limiting the development of microsphere formulations. In this study, core-shell structured microspheres loaded with paclitaxel (PTX; with a core-shell structure, calcium alginate outer layer, and a poly (lactic acid-co-glycolic acid) copolymer inner layer, denoted as PTX-CA/PLGA-MS) were prepared using coaxial electrostatic spray technology and evaluated in vitro and in vivo. PTX-CA/PLGA-MS exhibited a two-stage drug release profile and enhanced anti-tumor effect in animal tumor models. Importantly, the preparation method reported in this study is simple and reduces the amount of organic solvent(s) used substantially.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaowei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China; (X.Z.); (R.Z.); (X.W.); (H.W.); (Y.W.)
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China;
| | - Rundong Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China; (X.Z.); (R.Z.); (X.W.); (H.W.); (Y.W.)
| | - Xingzhi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China; (X.Z.); (R.Z.); (X.W.); (H.W.); (Y.W.)
| | - Hao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China; (X.Z.); (R.Z.); (X.W.); (H.W.); (Y.W.)
| | - Zushun Xu
- School of Materials Science and Engineering, Hubei University, Wuhan 430062, China;
| | - Yongan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China; (X.Z.); (R.Z.); (X.W.); (H.W.); (Y.W.)
| | - Dongqin Quan
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China; (X.Z.); (R.Z.); (X.W.); (H.W.); (Y.W.)
| | - Liao Shen
- State Key Laboratory of Toxicology and Medical Countermeasures, Beijing Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Beijing 100850, China; (X.Z.); (R.Z.); (X.W.); (H.W.); (Y.W.)
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9
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Janssen PH, Bisharat LM, Bastiaansen M. Complexities related to the amorphous content of lactose carriers. Int J Pharm X 2023; 6:100216. [PMID: 37953972 PMCID: PMC10632108 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2023.100216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Although the amount of amorphous content in lactose is low, its impact on the performance of a dry powder inhalation formulation might be high. Many formulators and regulatory agencies believe that the levels of amorphous content should be controlled once there is a relationship with the final product performance. This is however not an easy task. The current paper elaborates on multiple challenges and complexities that are related to the control of the amorphous content in lactose. The definition and quantification methods of amorphous lactose are reviewed, as well as challenges related to thermodynamic instability. Additionally, current monographs and recent position papers considering this parameter are discussed to provide an overview of the regulatory landscape. Development of a control strategy is recommended, provided that the amorphous content at a specific moment in the process has shown to have an impact on the performance of the dry powder inhaler.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pauline H.M. Janssen
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology and Bio pharmacy, University of Groningen, Antonius Deusinglaan 1, Groningen 9713 AV, the Netherlands
- DFE Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Klever Str. 187, Goch 47574, Germany
| | - Lorina M.N. Bisharat
- DFE Pharma GmbH & Co. KG, Klever Str. 187, Goch 47574, Germany
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan
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10
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Magramane S, Vlahović K, Gordon P, Kállai-Szabó N, Zelkó R, Antal I, Farkas D. Inhalation Dosage Forms: A Focus on Dry Powder Inhalers and Their Advancements. Pharmaceuticals (Basel) 2023; 16:1658. [PMID: 38139785 PMCID: PMC10747137 DOI: 10.3390/ph16121658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2023] [Revised: 11/17/2023] [Accepted: 11/24/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, an extensive analysis of dry powder inhalers (DPIs) is offered, focusing on their characteristics, formulation, stability, and manufacturing. The advantages of pulmonary delivery were investigated, as well as the significance of the particle size in drug deposition. The preparation of DPI formulations was also comprehensively explored, including physico-chemical characterization of powders, powder processing techniques, and formulation considerations. In addition to manufacturing procedures, testing methods were also discussed, providing insights into the development and evaluation of DPI formulations. This review also explores the design basics and critical attributes specific to DPIs, highlighting the significance of their optimization to achieve an effective inhalation therapy. Additionally, the morphology and stability of 3 DPI capsules (Spiriva, Braltus, and Onbrez) were investigated, offering valuable insights into the properties of these formulations. Altogether, these findings contribute to a deeper understanding of DPIs and their development, performance, and optimization of inhalation dosage forms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sabrina Magramane
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Semmelweis University, Hőgyes Str. 7, H-1092 Budapest, Hungary; (S.M.); (K.V.); (I.A.)
| | - Kristina Vlahović
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Semmelweis University, Hőgyes Str. 7, H-1092 Budapest, Hungary; (S.M.); (K.V.); (I.A.)
| | - Péter Gordon
- Department of Electronics Technology, Budapest University of Technology and Economics, Egry J. Str. 18, H-1111 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - Nikolett Kállai-Szabó
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Semmelweis University, Hőgyes Str. 7, H-1092 Budapest, Hungary; (S.M.); (K.V.); (I.A.)
| | - Romána Zelkó
- Department of Pharmacy Administration, Semmelweis University, Hőgyes Str. 7–9, H-1092 Budapest, Hungary;
| | - István Antal
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Semmelweis University, Hőgyes Str. 7, H-1092 Budapest, Hungary; (S.M.); (K.V.); (I.A.)
| | - Dóra Farkas
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Semmelweis University, Hőgyes Str. 7, H-1092 Budapest, Hungary; (S.M.); (K.V.); (I.A.)
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11
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Struß N, Dieter S, Schwarz K, Badorrek P, Hohlfeld JM. Sodium Chloride versus Lactose as a Carrier for House Dust Mite Allergen in Allergen Chamber Studies: A Clinical Study to Assess Noninferiority. Int Arch Allergy Immunol 2023; 184:1143-1152. [PMID: 37586347 DOI: 10.1159/000531878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/29/2023] [Indexed: 08/18/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In the Fraunhofer allergen challenge chamber (ACC), a standardized, universal, good manufacturing practice-conforming technology using a spray dried solution of lactose (L) and allergen extract has been established. In this study, we investigated the noninferiority of hypertonic sodium chloride (S) versus L as a carrier for house dust mite (HDM) allergen to simplify manufacturing, reduce costs, and allow for wider use. METHODS Using a participant-blinded, sham exposure-controlled, single-arm, sequential intervention study, we challenged adults with HDM allergic rhinitis five times in the ACC. Participants were first exposed to S, L, and clean air (block 1), followed by S + HDM and L + HDM (block 2). Primary endpoints were mean total nasal symptom score (TNSS) and mean nasal secretion weight. RESULTS 19 participants were enrolled in the study (10 females; mean age 32 years [22-49], 4 with mild allergic asthma). The safety profile of S + HDM and L + HDM was similar; eight participants experienced mild procedure-related adverse events including tiredness, cough, and dyspnea. Due to dropouts, 13 participants completed the study and were evaluated. Mean TNSS and nasal secretion were as follows: S 0.98, 0.28 g; L 1.1, 0.20 g; clean air 1.1, 0.23 g; S + HDM 5.7, 4.8 g; L + HDM 5.1, 5.1 g. Separate block 1/block 2 MANOVAs with TNSS and nasal secretion as dependent variables revealed no significant differences between the carriers, neither alone and compared with clean air (p = 0.2059, Wilk's λ = 0.78) nor combined with HDM (p = 0.3474, Wilk's λ = 0.89). Noninferiority of S was established using a meta-analysis-based minimal clinical important difference of -0.55: mean TNSS difference between S + HDM and L + HDM was 0.62 (90% CI: -0.51 to 1.74). CONCLUSION S as an HDM carrier was safe and well tolerated. It was noninferior to L which makes it an adequate and easy-to-use carrier substitute.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nadja Struß
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Susanne Dieter
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Katharina Schwarz
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Philipp Badorrek
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hannover, Germany
| | - Jens M Hohlfeld
- Fraunhofer Institute for Toxicology and Experimental Medicine, Hannover, Germany
- Department of Respiratory Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Germany
- German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Biomedical Research in Endstage and Obstructive Lung Disease Hannover BREATH, Hannover, Germany
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12
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Sudduth ER, Trautmann-Rodriguez M, Gill N, Bomb K, Fromen CA. Aerosol pulmonary immune engineering. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 199:114831. [PMID: 37100206 PMCID: PMC10527166 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.114831] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/14/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2023]
Abstract
Aerosolization of immunotherapies poses incredible potential for manipulating the local mucosal-specific microenvironment, engaging specialized pulmonary cellular defenders, and accessing mucosal associated lymphoid tissue to redirect systemic adaptive and memory responses. In this review, we breakdown key inhalable immunoengineering strategies for chronic, genetic, and infection-based inflammatory pulmonary disorders, encompassing the historic use of immunomodulatory agents, the transition to biological inspired or derived treatments, and novel approaches of complexing these materials into drug delivery vehicles for enhanced release outcomes. Alongside a brief description of key immune targets, fundamentals of aerosol drug delivery, and preclinical pulmonary models for immune response, we survey recent advances of inhaled immunotherapy platforms, ranging from small molecules and biologics to particulates and cell therapies, as well as prophylactic vaccines. In each section, we address the formulation design constraints for aerosol delivery as well as advantages for each platform in driving desirable immune modifications. Finally, prospects of clinical translation and outlook for inhaled immune engineering are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma R Sudduth
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | | | - Nicole Gill
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Kartik Bomb
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA
| | - Catherine A Fromen
- Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA.
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13
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Wang B, Xiang J, He B, Tan S, Zhou W. Enhancing bioavailability of natural extracts for nutritional applications through dry powder inhalers (DPI) spray drying: technological advancements and future directions. Front Nutr 2023; 10:1190912. [PMID: 37476406 PMCID: PMC10354342 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2023.1190912] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Natural ingredients have many applications in modern medicine and pharmaceutical projects. However, they often have low solubility, poor chemical stability, and low bioavailability in vivo. Spray drying technology can overcome these challenges by enhancing the properties of natural ingredients. Moreover, drug delivery systems can be flexibly designed to optimize the performance of natural ingredients. Among the various drug delivery systems, dry powder inhalation (DPI) has attracted much attention in pharmaceutical research. Therefore, this review will focus on the spray drying of natural ingredients for DPI and discuss their synthesis and application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Wang
- Academician Workstation, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, China
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jia Xiang
- Academician Workstation, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, China
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Binsheng He
- Academician Workstation, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, China
| | - Songwen Tan
- Academician Workstation, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, China
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Wenhu Zhou
- Academician Workstation, Changsha Medical University, Changsha, China
- Xiangya School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
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14
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Gong QQ, Tay JYS, Veronica N, Xu J, Heng PWS, Zhang YP, Liew CV. Surface Modification of lactose carrier particles using a fluid bed coater to improve fine particle fraction for dry powder inhalers. Pharm Dev Technol 2023; 28:164-175. [PMID: 36683577 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2023.2171434] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Surface roughness of carrier particles can impact dry powder inhaler (DPI) performance. There are opposing views on the effect of roughness on DPI performance. Hence, a systematic approach is needed to modify carrier surfaces and evaluate the impact on drug delivery. Carrier particle surfaces were modified by fluid bed coating with saturated lactose containing micronized lactose of different sizes (2, 5 and 8 μm) and coated to different levels (20, 40, 60 and 80%). Their drug delivery performance was assessed by the fine particle fraction (FPF). Roughness parameters, mean arithmetic roughness (Ra) and arithmetic mean height (Sa), of the carrier particles, were also evaluated using optical profilometry and scanning laser microscopy. Generally, particles of higher Ra had higher FPF. Higher Sa resulted in higher FPF only for particles with 60 and 80% coat levels. Reduced contact surface area between the drug particle and rougher carrier particle resulted in easier drug detachment during aerosolization. The 5 µm micronized lactose produced optimal carrier particles with respect to FPF and surface roughness. The study highlighted that with the ideal particles for surface roughening and coating level, surface roughening could be efficiently achieved by fluid bed coating for superior DPI performance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Qin Gong
- GEA-NUS Pharmaceutical Processing Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore.,Engineering Technology Research Center for Processing and Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Engineering Technology Research Center for Miao Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Justin Yong Soon Tay
- GEA-NUS Pharmaceutical Processing Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Natalia Veronica
- GEA-NUS Pharmaceutical Processing Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Jian Xu
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Processing and Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Engineering Technology Research Center for Miao Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Paul Wan Sia Heng
- GEA-NUS Pharmaceutical Processing Research Laboratory, Department of Pharmacy, National University of Singapore, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Yong Ping Zhang
- Engineering Technology Research Center for Processing and Preparation of Traditional Chinese Medicine and Ethnic Medicine, National Engineering Technology Research Center for Miao Medicine, College of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang, China
| | - Celine Valeria Liew
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, Selangor, Malaysia
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15
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Gupta C, Jaipuria A, Gupta N. Inhalable Formulations to Treat Non-Small Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC): Recent Therapies and Developments. Pharmaceutics 2022; 15:139. [PMID: 36678768 PMCID: PMC9861595 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15010139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer has been the leading cause of mortalities, with lung cancer contributing 18% to overall deaths. Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) accounts for about 85% of all lung cancers. The primary form of therapy used to treat lung cancer still includes oral and systemic administration of drugs, radiotherapy, or chemotherapy. Some patients have to go through a regime of combination therapy. Despite being the only available form of therapy, their use is limited due to the adverse effects, toxicity, and development of resistance over prolonged use. This led to a shift and progressive evolution into using pulmonary drug delivery systems. Being a non-invasive method of drug-administration and allowing localized delivery of drugs to cancer cells, inhalable drug delivery systems can lead to lower dosing and fewer systemic toxicities over other conventional routes. In this way, we can increase the actual local concentration of the drug in lungs, which will ultimately lead to better antitumor therapy. Nano-based systems also provide additional diagnostic advantages during lung cancer treatment, including imaging, screening, and tracking. Regardless of the advantages, pulmonary delivery is still in the early stages of development and various factors such as pharmacology, immunology, and toxicology should be taken into consideration for the development of suitable inhalable nano-based chemotherapeutic drugs. They face numerous physiological barriers such as lung retention and efficacy, and could also lead to toxicity due to prolonged exposure. Nano-carriers with a sustained drug release mechanism could help in overcoming these challenges. This review article will focus on the various inhalable formulations for targeted drug delivery, including nano-based delivery systems such as lipids, liposome, polymeric and inorganic nanocarriers, micelles, microparticles and nanoaggregates for lung cancer treatment. Various devices used in pulmonary drug delivery loaded on various nano-carriers are also discussed in detail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chetna Gupta
- Department of Chemistry, Hansraj College, University of Delhi, Delhi 110007, India
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Aadya Jaipuria
- Massachusetts College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nikesh Gupta
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences and Experimental Therapeutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
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16
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Salama R, Choi HJ, Almazi J, Traini D, Young P. Generic dry powder inhalers bioequivalence: Batch-to-batch variability insights. Drug Discov Today 2022; 27:103350. [PMID: 36096359 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2022.103350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/29/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Active pharmaceutical ingredient(s) [API(s)] of dry powder inhalers (DPIs) deposition and their fate in the respiratory system are influenced by a complex matrix of formulation, device, manufacturing and physiological variations. DPIs on the market have shown bioinequivalence between batches of the same product. Despite being clinically insignificant, they affect bioequivalence studies when a generic product is compared with the originator. This review discusses implications of batch-to-batch variability on bioequivalence study outcomes and shortcomings of current regulatory requirements. Possible formulation and manufacturing factors resulting in batch-to-batch variability highlight the inherent nature of this issue. Despite scholarly investigations and official regulatory guidance, there remains a need for reliable and realistic in vitro tests that accurately guide a representative reference product batch selection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rania Salama
- Respiratory Technology Group, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Glebe 2037, NSW, Australia; Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University 2109, NSW, Australia.
| | - Hong Jun Choi
- Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown 2007, NSW, Australia
| | - Juhura Almazi
- Respiratory Technology Group, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Glebe 2037, NSW, Australia
| | - Daniela Traini
- Respiratory Technology Group, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Glebe 2037, NSW, Australia; Macquarie Medical School, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie University 2109, NSW, Australia
| | - Paul Young
- Respiratory Technology Group, Woolcock Institute of Medical Research, Glebe 2037, NSW, Australia; Macquarie Business School, Macquarie University 2109, NSW, Australia
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17
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Isabel CZ, Luis AD, Samuel ES, Elizabeth PS, Dea HR, Sergio AA. “Novel mucoadhesive PLGA-PVM/MA micro-nanocomposites loaded with felodipine intended for pulmonary administration by nebulization”. Int J Pharm 2022; 628:122295. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122295] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2022] [Revised: 10/03/2022] [Accepted: 10/09/2022] [Indexed: 10/31/2022]
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18
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Abiona O, Wyatt D, Koner J, Mohammed A. The Optimisation of Carrier Selection in Dry Powder Inhaler Formulation and the Role of Surface Energetics. Biomedicines 2022; 10:2707. [PMID: 36359226 PMCID: PMC9687551 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10112707] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2023] Open
Abstract
This review examines the effects of particle properties on drug-carrier interactions in the preparation of a dry powder inhaler (DPI) formulation, including appropriate mixing technology. The interactive effects of carrier properties on DPI formulation performance make it difficult to establish a direct cause-and-effect relationship between any one carrier property and its effect on the performance of a DPI formulation. Alpha lactose monohydrate remains the most widely used carrier for DPI formulations. The physicochemical properties of α-lactose monohydrate particles, such as particle size, shape and solid form, are profoundly influenced by the method of production. Therefore, wide variations in these properties are inevitable. In this review, the role of surface energetics in the optimisation of dry powder inhaler formulations is considered in lactose carrier selection. Several useful lactose particle modification methods are discussed as well as the use of fine lactose and force control agents in formulation development. It is concluded that where these have been investigated, the empirical nature of the studies does not permit early formulation prediction of product performance, rather they only allow the evaluation of final formulation quality. The potential to leverage particle interaction dynamics through the use of an experimental design utilising quantifiable lactose particle properties and critical quality attributes, e.g., surface energetics, is explored, particularly with respect to when a Quality-by-Design approach has been used in optimisation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olaitan Abiona
- Aston Pharmacy School, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - David Wyatt
- Aston Particle Technologies Ltd., Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - Jasdip Koner
- Aston Particle Technologies Ltd., Aston Triangle, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
| | - Afzal Mohammed
- Aston Pharmacy School, Aston University, Birmingham B4 7ET, UK
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19
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El-Gendy N, Bertha CM, Abd El-Shafy M, Gaglani DK, Babiskin A, Bielski E, Boc S, Dhapare S, Fang L, Feibus K, Kaviratna A, Li BV, Luke MC, Ma T, Newman B, Spagnola M, Walenga RL, Zhao L. Scientific and regulatory activities initiated by the U.S. food and drug administration to foster approvals of generic dry powder inhalers: Quality perspective. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 189:114519. [PMID: 36038083 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114519] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/22/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Regulatory science for generic dry powder inhalation products worldwide has evolved over the last decade. The revised draft guidance Metered Dose Inhaler (MDI) and Dry Powder Inhaler (DPI) Products - Quality Considerations [1] (Revision 1, April 2018) that FDA issued summarizes product considerations and potential critical quality attributes (CQAs). This guidance emphasizes the need to apply the principles of quality by design (QbD) and elements of pharmaceutical development discussed in the International Conference for Harmonisation of (ICH) guidelines. Research studies related to quality were used to support guidance recommendations, which preceded the first approval of a generic DPI product in the U.S. This review outlines scientific and regulatory hurdles that need to be surmounted to successfully bring a generic DPI to the market. The goal of this review focuses on relevant issues and various challenges pertaining to CMC topics of the generic DPI quality attributes. Furthermore, this review provides recommendations to abbreviated new drug application (ANDA) applicants to expedite generic approvals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nashwa El-Gendy
- Division of Immediate and Modified Release Drug Products III, Office of Lifecycle Drug Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Craig M Bertha
- Division of New Drug Products II, Office of New Drug Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Mohammed Abd El-Shafy
- Division of Immediate and Modified Release Drug Products III, Office of Lifecycle Drug Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Dhaval K Gaglani
- Division of Immediate and Modified Release Drug Products III, Office of Lifecycle Drug Products, Office of Pharmaceutical Quality, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Andrew Babiskin
- Division of Quantitative Methods and Modeling, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Elizabeth Bielski
- Division of Therapeutic Performance I, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Susan Boc
- Division of Therapeutic Performance I, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Sneha Dhapare
- Division of Therapeutic Performance I, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Lanyan Fang
- Division of Quantitative Methods and Modeling, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Katharine Feibus
- Division of Therapeutic Performance I, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Anubhav Kaviratna
- Division of Therapeutic Performance I, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Bing V Li
- Office of Bioequivalence, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Markham C Luke
- Division of Therapeutic Performance I, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Tian Ma
- Division of Bioequivalence I, Office of Bioequivalence, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Bryan Newman
- Division of Therapeutic Performance I, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Michael Spagnola
- Division of Clinical Safety and Surveillance, Office of Safety and Clinical Evaluation, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
| | - Ross L Walenga
- Division of Quantitative Methods and Modeling, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA.
| | - Liang Zhao
- Division of Quantitative Methods and Modeling, Office of Research and Standards, Office of Generic Drugs, Center for Drug Evaluation and Research, U.S. Food and Drug Administration, Silver Spring, MD, USA
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20
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Mahar R, Chakraborty A, Nainwal N. The influence of carrier type, physical characteristics, and blending techniques on the performance of dry powder inhalers. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.103759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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21
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Sun Y, Yu D, Li J, Zhao J, Feng Y, Zhang X, Mao S. Elucidation of lactose fine size and drug shape on rheological properties and aerodynamic behavior of dry powders for inhalation. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2022; 179:47-57. [PMID: 36029939 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2022.08.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2022] [Revised: 08/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary drug delivery has gained great attention in local or systemic diseases therapy, however it is still difficult to scale-up DPI production due to the complexity of interactions taking place in DPI systems and limited understanding between flowability and inter-particle interactions in DPI formulations. Therefore, finding some quantitative parameters related to DPI delivery performance for predicting the in vitro drug deposition behavior is essential. Therefore, this study introduces a potential model for predicting aerodynamic performance of carrier-based DPIs, as well to find more relevant fine powder size and optimal shape to improve aerodynamic performance. Using salbutamol sulfate as a model drug, Lactohale®206 as coarse carrier, Lactohale®300, Lactohale®230, and Lactohale®210 as third fine components individually, the mixtures were prepared at 1% (w/w) drug content accompanied with carriers and the third component (ranging from 3 - 7%), influence of lactose fines size on DPI formulation's rheological and aerodynamic properties was investigated. The optimum drug particle shape was also confirmed by computer fluid dynamics model. This study proved that pulmonary deposition efficiency could be improved by decreasing lactose fines size. Only fines in the size range of 0-11 μm have a good linear relationship with FPF, attributed to the fluidization energy enhancement and aggregates mechanism. Once exceeding 11 μm, fine lactose would act as a second carrier, with increased drug adhesion. Computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models indicated fibrous drug particles were beneficial to transfer to the deep lung. Furthermore, good correlations between rheological parameters and FPF of ternary mixtures with different lactose fines were established, and it was disclosed that the FPF was more dependent on interaction parameters than that of flowability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Sun
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Duo Yu
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jiayi Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Jianan Zhao
- School of Chemical Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater 74074, USA
| | - Yu Feng
- School of Chemical Engineering, Oklahoma State University, Stillwater 74074, USA
| | - Xin Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China
| | - Shirui Mao
- School of Pharmacy, Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang 110016, China.
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22
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Chen Y, Yan S, Zhang S, Yin Q, Chen XD, Wu WD. Micro-fluidic Spray Freeze Dried Ciprofloxacin Hydrochloride-Embedded Dry Powder for Inhalation. AAPS PharmSciTech 2022; 23:211. [PMID: 35915199 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-022-02371-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2022] [Accepted: 07/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Active pharmaceutical ingredient (API)-embedded dry powder for inhalation (AeDPI) is highly desirable for pulmonary delivery of high-dose drug. Herein, a series of spray freeze-dried (SFD) ciprofloxacin hydrochloride (CH)-embedded dry powders were fabricated via a self-designed micro-fluidic spray freeze tower (MFSFT) capable of tuning freezing temperature of cooling air as the refrigerant medium. The effects of total solid content (TSC), mass ratio of CH to L-leucine (Leu) as the aerosol dispersion enhancer, and the freezing temperature on particle morphology, size, density, moisture content, crystal properties, flowability, and aerodynamic performance were investigated. It was found that the Leu content and freezing temperature had considerable influence on the fine particle fraction (FPF) of the SFD microparticles. The optimal formulation (CH/Leu = 7:3, TSC = 2%w/w) prepared at - 40°C exhibited remarkable effective drug deposition (~ 33.38%), good aerodynamic performance (~ 47.69% FPF), and excellent storage stability with ultralow hygroscopicity (~ 1.93%). This work demonstrated the promising feasibility of using the MFSFT instead of conventional liquid nitrogen assisted method in the research and development of high-dose AeDPI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingjie Chen
- Engineering Research Centre of Advanced Powder Technology (ERCAPT), School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Shen Yan
- Engineering Research Centre of Advanced Powder Technology (ERCAPT), School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Shengyu Zhang
- Engineering Research Centre of Advanced Powder Technology (ERCAPT), School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Quanyi Yin
- Engineering Research Centre of Advanced Powder Technology (ERCAPT), School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215123, People's Republic of China.
| | - Xiao Dong Chen
- Engineering Research Centre of Advanced Powder Technology (ERCAPT), School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215123, People's Republic of China
| | - Winston Duo Wu
- Engineering Research Centre of Advanced Powder Technology (ERCAPT), School of Chemical and Environmental Engineering, College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu Province, 215123, People's Republic of China.
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23
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Ruan X, Yu J, Miao H, Li R, Tong Z. Remdesivir Powders Manufactured by Jet Milling for Potential Pulmonary Treatment of COVID-19. Pharm Dev Technol 2022; 27:635-645. [PMID: 35787731 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2022.2098975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Remdesivir is one of the effective drugs proposed for the treatment of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). However, the study on inhalable regimen is currently limited though COVID-19 is respiratory diseases and infects lung area. This work aims to prepare inhalable remdesivir formulations and verify their effectiveness through in vitro evaluations.Formulations containing different ratios of jet-milled inhalable remdesivir (5%, 10%, 20%,40%,70%) with excipients were produced and characterized in terms of the particle size distribution, particle morphology, flowability, water content, crystallinity, the water sorption and desorption capabilities and the aerodynamic performance.Results indicating that drug loading is a vital factor in facilitating the dispersion of remdesivir dry powder, and the ternary excipient plays a negligible role in improving aerosol performance. Besides, the 70% remdesivir with lactose carrier (70%RD-Lac) was physically stable and retain high aerosol performance after conditioned at 40 °C and 75% RH for a month. Therefore, formulation 70% RD-Lac might be recommended as a candidate product for the potential treatment of COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoying Ruan
- Southeast University - Sipailou Campus, School of Energy and Environment, Nanjing, 210096 China
| | - Jiaqi Yu
- Institute for Process Modelling and Optimization, suzhou, China
| | - Hao Miao
- Monash University, Clayton, 3800 Australia
| | - Renjie Li
- Monash University, Clayton, 3800 Australia
| | - Zhenbo Tong
- Southeast University, School of Energy and Environment, Nanjing, 210096 China
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24
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An Update on Advancements and Challenges in Inhalational Drug Delivery for Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27113490. [PMID: 35684428 PMCID: PMC9182169 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27113490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2022] [Accepted: 05/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
A lethal condition at the arterial–alveolar juncture caused the exhaustive remodeling of pulmonary arterioles and persistent vasoconstriction, followed by a cumulative augmentation of resistance at the pulmonary vascular and, consequently, right-heart collapse. The selective dilation of the pulmonary endothelium and remodeled vasculature can be achieved by using targeted drug delivery in PAH. Although 12 therapeutics were approved by the FDA for PAH, because of traditional non-specific targeting, they suffered from inconsistent drug release. Despite available inhalation delivery platforms, drug particle deposition into the microenvironment of the pulmonary vasculature and the consequent efficacy of molecules are influenced by pathophysiological conditions, the characteristics of aerosolized mist, and formulations. Uncertainty exists in peripheral hemodynamics outside the pulmonary vasculature and extra-pulmonary side effects, which may be further exacerbated by underlying disease states. The speedy improvement of arterial pressure is possible via the inhalation route because it has direct access to pulmonary arterioles. Additionally, closed particle deposition and accumulation in diseased tissues benefit the restoration of remolded arterioles by reducing fallacious drug deposition in other organs. This review is designed to decipher the pathological changes that should be taken into account when targeting the underlying pulmonary endothelial vasculature, especially with regard to inhaled particle deposition in the alveolar vasculature and characteristic formulations.
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25
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Spahn JE, Zhang F, Smyth HDC. Mixing of dry powders for inhalation: A review. Int J Pharm 2022; 619:121736. [PMID: 35405281 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
Abstract
The process of solids mixing is applied across a considerable range of industries. Pharmaceutical science is one of those industries that utilizes solids mixing extensively. Specifically, solids mixing as a key factor in the preparation of dry powder inhalers using the ordered mixing process will be discussed here. This review opens with a history of dry powder mixing theory, continues to ordered mixing in the preparation for dry powder inhalers, details key interparticulate interactions, explains formulation components for dry powder blends, and finally discusses different types of mixers used in the production of dry powder blends for inhalation. Lastly, the authors offer some suggestions for future work on this topic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie E Spahn
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, 2409 University Avenue, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Feng Zhang
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, 2409 University Avenue, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Hugh D C Smyth
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, 2409 University Avenue, Austin, TX, USA.
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26
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Wang H, Ordoubadi M, Connaughton P, Lachacz K, Carrigy N, Tavernini S, Martin AR, Finlay WH, Lechuga-Ballesteros D, Vehring R. Spray Dried Rugose Lipid Particle Platform for Respiratory Drug Delivery. Pharm Res 2022; 39:805-823. [PMID: 35364777 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03242-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2022] [Accepted: 03/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To develop a new lipid-based particle formulation platform for respiratory drug delivery applications. To find processing conditions for high surface rugosity and manufacturability. To assess the applicability of the new formulation method to different lipids. METHODS A new spray drying method with a simplified aqueous suspension feedstock preparation process was developed for the manufacture of rugose lipid particles of 1,2-distearoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DSPC). A study covering a wide range of feedstock temperatures and outlet temperatures was conducted to optimize the processing conditions. Aerosol performance was characterized in vitro and in silico to assess the feasibility of their use in respiratory drug delivery applications. The applicability of the new spray drying method to longer-chain phospholipids with adjusted spray drying temperatures was also evaluated. RESULTS Highly rugose DSPC lipid particles were produced via spray drying with good manufacturability. A feedstock temperature close to, and an outlet temperature lower than, the main phase transition were identified as critical in producing particles with highly rugose surface features. High emitted dose and total lung dose showed promising aerosol performance of the produced particles for use as a drug loading platform for respiratory drug delivery. Two types of longer-chain lipid particles with higher main phase transition temperatures, 1,2-diarachidoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DAPC) and 1,2-dibehenoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (22:0 PC), yielded similar rugose morphologies when spray dried at correspondingly higher processing temperatures. CONCLUSIONS Rugose lipid particles produced via spray drying from an aqueous suspension feedstock are promising as a formulation platform for respiratory drug delivery applications. The new technique can potentially produce rugose particles using various other lipids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Wang
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mani Ordoubadi
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada
| | - Patrick Connaughton
- Inhalation Product Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Kellisa Lachacz
- Inhalation Product Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Nicholas Carrigy
- Inhalation Product Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Scott Tavernini
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada
| | - Andrew R Martin
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada
| | - Warren H Finlay
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada
| | - David Lechuga-Ballesteros
- Inhalation Product Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca, South San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Reinhard Vehring
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Alberta, Alberta, Canada.
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27
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Lu P, Li J, Liu C, Yang J, Peng H, Xue Z, Liu Z. Salvianolic acid B dry powder inhaler for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. Asian J Pharm Sci 2022; 17:447-461. [PMID: 35782322 PMCID: PMC9237582 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2022.04.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Revised: 03/27/2022] [Accepted: 04/03/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a serious and fatal pulmonary inflammatory disease with an increasing incidence worldwide. The drugs nintedanib and pirfenidone, are listed as conditionally recommended drugs in the “Evidence-Based Guidelines for the Diagnosis and Treatment of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis”. However, these two drugs have many adverse reactions in clinical application. Salvianolic acid B (Sal B), a water-soluble component of Salvia miltiorrhiza, could alleviate bleomycin-induced peroxidative stress damage, and prevent or delay the onset of IPF by regulating inflammatory factors and fibrotic cytokines during the disease's progression. However, Sal B is poorly absorbed orally, and patient compliance is poor when administered intravenously. Therefore, there is an urgent need to find a new non-injection route of drug delivery. In this study, Sal B was used as model drug and l-leucine (LL) as excipient to prepare Sal B dry powder inhaler (Sal B-DPI) by spray drying method. Modern preparation evaluation methods were used to assess the quality of Sal B-DPI. Sal B-DPI is promising for the treatment of IPF, according to studies on pulmonary irritation evaluation, in vivo and in vitro pharmacodynamics, metabolomics, pharmacokinetics, and lung tissue distribution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 301617, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Department of Pharmacy, Suzhou TCM Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215009, China
| | - Jiawei Li
- College of Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Chuanxin Liu
- Endocrine and Metabolic Disease Center, The First Affiliated Hospital, and College of Clinical Medicine of Henan University of Science and Technology, Medical Key Laboratory of Hereditary Rare Diseases of Henan, Luoyang Sub-center of National Clinical Research Center for Metabolic Diseases, Luoyang, Henan 471003, China
| | - Jian Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Hui Peng
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 301617, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Zhifeng Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
| | - Zhidong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Component-Based Chinese Medicine, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Engineering Research Center of Modern Chinese Medicine Discovery and Preparation Technique, Ministry of Education, Tianjin 301617, China
- Haihe Laboratory of Modern Chinese Medicine, Tianjin 301617, China
- Corresponding authors.
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28
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Ye Y, Ma Y, Zhu J. The future of dry powder inhaled therapy: Promising or Discouraging for systemic disorders? Int J Pharm 2022; 614:121457. [PMID: 35026316 PMCID: PMC8744475 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.121457] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Dry powder inhalation therapy has been shown to be an effective method for treating respiratory diseases like asthma, Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Diseases and Cystic Fibrosis. It has also been widely accepted and used in clinical practices. Such success has led to great interest in inhaled therapy on treating systemic diseases in the past two decades. The current coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic also has increased such interest and is triggering more potential applications of dry powder inhalation therapy in vaccines and antivirus drugs. Would the inhaled dry powder therapy on systemic disorders be as encouraging as expected? This paper reviews the marketed and in-development dry powder inhaler (DPI) products on the treatment of systemic diseases, their status in clinical trials, as well as the potential for COVID-19 treatment. The advancements and unmet problems on DPI systems are also summarized. With countless attempts behind and more challenges ahead, it is believed that the dry powder inhaled therapy for the treatment of systemic disorders still holds great potential and promise.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuqing Ye
- University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, N6A 3K7, Canada; Ningbo Inhale Pharma, 2260 Yongjiang Avenue, Ningbo National High-Tech Zone, Ningbo, 315000, China
| | - Ying Ma
- University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, N6A 3K7, Canada; Ningbo Inhale Pharma, 2260 Yongjiang Avenue, Ningbo National High-Tech Zone, Ningbo, 315000, China
| | - Jesse Zhu
- University of Western Ontario, 1151 Richmond Street, London, N6A 3K7, Canada.
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29
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Matuszak M, Ochowiak M, Włodarczak S, Krupińska A, Doligalski M. State-of-the-Art Review of The Application and Development of Various Methods of Aerosol Therapy. Int J Pharm 2021; 614:121432. [PMID: 34971755 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121432] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Aerosol therapy is a rapidly developing field of science. Due to a number of advantages, the administration of drugs to the body with the use of aerosol therapy is becoming more and more popular. Spraying drugs into the patient's lungs has a significant advantage over other methods of administering drugs to the body, including injection and oral methods. In order to conduct proper and effective aerosol therapy, it is necessary to become familiar with the basic principles and applications of aerosol therapy under various conditions. The effectiveness of inhalation depends on many factors, but most of all on: the physicochemical properties of the sprayed system, the design of the medical inhaler and its correct application, the dynamics of inhalation (i.e. the frequency of breathing and the volume of inhaled air). It is worth emphasizing that respiratory system diseases are one of the most frequently occurring and fastest growing diseases in the world. Accordingly, in recent years, a significant increase in the number of new spraying devices and pharmaceutical drugs for spraying has appeared on the market. It should also be remembered that the process of spraying a liquid is a complicated and complex process, and its efficiency is very often characterized by the use of micro- and macro parameters (including average droplet diameters or the spectrum of droplet diameter distribution). In order to determine the effectiveness of the atomization process and in the delivery of drugs to the patient's respiratory tract, the analysis of the size of the generated aerosol droplets is most often performed. Based on the proposed literature review, it has been shown that many papers dealt with the issues related to aerosol therapy, the selection of an appropriate spraying device, the possibility of modifying the spraying devices in order to increase the effectiveness of inhalation, and the possibility of occurrence of certain discrepancies resulting from the use of various measurement methods to determine the characteristics of the generated aerosol. The literature review presented in the paper was prepared in order to better understand the spraying process. Moreover, it can be helpful in choosing the right medical inhaler for a given liquid with specific rheological properties. The experimental data contained in this study are of great cognitive importance and may be of interest to entities involved in pharmaceutical product engineering (in particular in the case of the production of drugs containing liquids with complex rheological properties).
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Affiliation(s)
- M Matuszak
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, 4 Berdychowo Street, 60-965 Poznan, Poland.
| | - M Ochowiak
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, 4 Berdychowo Street, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
| | - S Włodarczak
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, 4 Berdychowo Street, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
| | - A Krupińska
- Faculty of Chemical Technology, Poznan University of Technology, Institute of Chemical Technology and Engineering, 4 Berdychowo Street, 60-965 Poznan, Poland
| | - M Doligalski
- Faculty of Computer, Electrical and Control Engineering, University of Zielona Góra, 4a Szafrana Street, 65-516 Zielona Góra, Poland
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30
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Brokešová J, Slámová M, Zámostný P, Kuentz M, Koktan J, Krejčík L, Vraníková B, Svačinová P, Šklubalová Z. Mechanistic study of dissolution enhancement by interactive mixtures of chitosan with meloxicam as model. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 169:106087. [PMID: 34863871 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.106087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
To enhance dissolution rate of meloxicam (MX), a poorly soluble model drug, a natural polysaccharide excipient chitosan (CH) is employed in this work as a carrier to prepare binary interactive mixtures by either mixing or co-milling techniques. The MX-CH mixtures of three different drug loads were characterized for morphological, granulometric, and thermal properties as well as drug crystallinity. The relative dissolution rate of MX was determined in phosphate buffer of pH 6.8 using the USP-4 apparatus; a significant increase in MX dissolution rate was observed for both mixed and co-milled mixtures comparing to the raw drug. Higher dissolution rate of MX was evidently connected to surface activation by mixing or milling, which was pronounced by the higher specific surface energy as detected by inverse gas chromatography. In addition to the particle size reduction, the carrier effect of the CH was confirmed for co-milling by linear regression between the MX maximum relative dissolution rate and the total surface area of the mixture (R2 = 0.863). No MX amorphization or crystalline structure change were detected. The work of adhesion/cohesion ratio of 0.9 supports the existence of preferential adherence of MX to the coarse particles of CH to form stable interactive mixtures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana Brokešová
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Akademika Heyrovského 1203/8, Hradec Králové 500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Michaela Slámová
- Department of Organic Technology, UCT Prague, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Technická 5, Dejvice, Prague 6 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Zámostný
- Department of Organic Technology, UCT Prague, Faculty of Chemical Technology, Technická 5, Dejvice, Prague 6 166 28, Czech Republic
| | - Martin Kuentz
- University of Applied Sciences and Arts Northwestern Switzerland, Institute of Pharma Technology, Hofackerstrasse 30, Muttenz CH-4132, Switzerland
| | - Jakub Koktan
- Zentiva, K.S., U Kabelovny 130, Prague 10 102 37, Czech Republic
| | - Lukáš Krejčík
- Zentiva, K.S., U Kabelovny 130, Prague 10 102 37, Czech Republic
| | - Barbora Vraníková
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Akademika Heyrovského 1203/8, Hradec Králové 500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Svačinová
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Akademika Heyrovského 1203/8, Hradec Králové 500 05, Czech Republic
| | - Zdenka Šklubalová
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Akademika Heyrovského 1203/8, Hradec Králové 500 05, Czech Republic.
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31
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Sharma A, Khamar D, Cullen S, Hayden A, Hughes H. Innovative Drying Technologies for Biopharmaceuticals. Int J Pharm 2021; 609:121115. [PMID: 34547393 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.121115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2021] [Revised: 08/24/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
In the past two decades, biopharmaceuticals have been a breakthrough in improving the quality of lives of patients with various cancers, autoimmune, genetic disorders etc. With the growing demand of biopharmaceuticals, the need for reducing manufacturing costs is essential without compromising on the safety, quality, and efficacy of products. Batch Freeze-drying is the primary commercial means of manufacturing solid biopharmaceuticals. However, Freeze-drying is an economically unfriendly means of production with long production cycles, high energy consumption and heavy capital investment, resulting in high overall costs. This review compiles some potential, innovative drying technologies that have not gained popularity for manufacturing parenteral biopharmaceuticals. Some of these technologies such as Spin-freeze-drying, Spray-drying, Lynfinity® Technology etc. offer a paradigm shift towards continuous manufacturing, whereas PRINT® Technology and MicroglassificationTM allow controlled dry particle characteristics. Also, some of these drying technologies can be easily scaled-up with reduced requirement for different validation processes. The inclusion of Process Analytical Technology (PAT) and offline characterization techniques in tandem can provide additional information on the Critical Process Parameters (CPPs) and Critical Quality Attributes (CQAs) during biopharmaceutical processing. These processing technologies can be envisaged to increase the manufacturing capacity for biopharmaceutical products at reduced costs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ashutosh Sharma
- Pharmaceutical and Molecular Biotechnology Research Centre (PMBRC), Waterford Institute of Technology, Main Campus, Cork Road, Waterford X91K0EK, Ireland.
| | - Dikshitkumar Khamar
- Sanofi, Manufacturing Science, Analytics and Technology (MSAT), IDA Industrial Park, Waterford X91TP27, Ireland
| | - Sean Cullen
- Gilead Sciences, Commercial Manufacturing, IDA Business & Technology Park, Carrigtwohill, Co. Cork T45DP77, Ireland
| | - Ambrose Hayden
- Pharmaceutical and Molecular Biotechnology Research Centre (PMBRC), Waterford Institute of Technology, Main Campus, Cork Road, Waterford X91K0EK, Ireland
| | - Helen Hughes
- Pharmaceutical and Molecular Biotechnology Research Centre (PMBRC), Waterford Institute of Technology, Main Campus, Cork Road, Waterford X91K0EK, Ireland
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32
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Benque B, Khinast JG. Carrier particle emission and dispersion in transient CFD-DEM simulations of a capsule-based DPI. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 168:106073. [PMID: 34774996 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2021.106073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/03/2021] [Revised: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
The dispersion of carrier-based formulations in capsule-based dry powder inhalers depends on several factors, including the patient's inhalation profile and the motion of capsule within the device. In the present study, coupled computational fluid dynamics and discrete element method simulations of a polydisperse cohesive lactose carrier in an Aerolizer® inhaler were conducted at a constant flow rate of 100 L/min and considering an inhalation profile of asthmatic children between 5 and 17 years approximated from literature data. In relevant high-speed photography experiments, it was observed that the powder was distributed to both capsule ends before being ejected from the capsule. Several methods of ensuring similar behavior in the simulations were presented. Both the constant flow rate simulation and the profile simulations showed a high powder retention in the capsule (7.37-19.00%). Although the inhaler retention was negligible in the constant flow rate simulation due to consistently high air velocities in the device, it reached values of around 7% in most of the profile simulations. In all simulations, some of the carrier powder was ejected from the capsule as particle clusters. These clusters were larger in the profile simulation than in the constant flow rate simulation. Of the powder discharged from the capsule, a high percentage was bound in clusters in the profile simulation in the beginning and at the end of the inhalation profile while no more than 10% of the powder ejected from the capsule in the 100 L/min constant flow rate simulation were in clusters at any time. The powder emission from the capsule was studied, indicating a strong dependency of the powder mass flow from the capsule on the angular capsule position. When the capsule holes face the inhaler's air inlets, the air flow into the capsule restricts the powder discharge. The presented results provide a detailed view of some aspects of the powder flow and dispersion of a cohesive carrier in a capsule-based inhaler device. Furthermore, the importance of considering inhalation profiles in addition to conventional constant flow rate simulations was confirmed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedict Benque
- Institute of Process and Particle Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria; Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering, Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Johannes G Khinast
- Institute of Process and Particle Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria; Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering, Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria.
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Jiang T, Yan S, Zhang S, Yin Q, Chen XD, Wu WD. Uniform lactose microspheres with high crystallinity fabricated by micro-fluidic spray drying technology combined with post-treatment process. POWDER TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2021.07.059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
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34
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Alfano FO, Benassi A, Gaspari R, Di Renzo A, Di Maio FP. Full-Scale DEM Simulation of Coupled Fluid and Dry-Coated Particle Flow in Swirl-Based Dry Powder Inhalers. Ind Eng Chem Res 2021. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.iecr.1c02864] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Andrea Benassi
- DP Manufacturing & Innovation, Chiesi Farmaceutici SpA, 43122 Parma, Italy
- International School for Advanced Studies (SISSA), 34136 Trieste, Italy
| | - Roberto Gaspari
- DP Manufacturing & Innovation, Chiesi Farmaceutici SpA, 43122 Parma, Italy
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35
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Sarangi S, Thalberg K, Frenning G. Effect of carrier size and mechanical properties on adhesive unit stability for inhalation: A numerical study. POWDER TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2021.05.081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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36
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Ding L, Brunaugh AD, Stegemann S, Jermain SV, Herpin MJ, Kalafat J, Smyth HDC. A Quality by Design Framework for Capsule-Based Dry Powder Inhalers. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:1213. [PMID: 34452174 PMCID: PMC8399055 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081213] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2021] [Revised: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Capsule-based dry powder inhalers (cDPIs) are widely utilized in the delivery of pharmaceutical powders to the lungs. In these systems, the fundamental nature of the interactions between the drug/formulation powder, the capsules, the inhaler device, and the patient must be fully elucidated in order to develop robust manufacturing procedures and provide reproducible lung deposition of the drug payload. Though many commercially available DPIs utilize a capsule-based dose metering system, an in-depth analysis of the critical factors associated with the use of the capsule component has not yet been performed. This review is intended to provide information on critical factors to be considered for the application of a quality by design (QbD) approach for cDPI development. The quality target product profile (QTPP) defines the critical quality attributes (CQAs) which need to be understood to define the critical material attributes (CMA) and critical process parameters (CPP) for cDPI development as well as manufacturing and control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ding
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA; (L.D.); (A.D.B.); (S.V.J.); (M.J.H.)
| | - Ashlee D. Brunaugh
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA; (L.D.); (A.D.B.); (S.V.J.); (M.J.H.)
| | - Sven Stegemann
- Institute for Process and Particle Engineering, Graz University of Technology, 8010 Graz, Austria;
| | - Scott V. Jermain
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA; (L.D.); (A.D.B.); (S.V.J.); (M.J.H.)
| | - Matthew J. Herpin
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA; (L.D.); (A.D.B.); (S.V.J.); (M.J.H.)
| | - Justin Kalafat
- ACG North America, LLC, 262 Old New Brunswick Road, Suite A, Piscataway, NJ 08854, USA;
| | - Hugh D. C. Smyth
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA; (L.D.); (A.D.B.); (S.V.J.); (M.J.H.)
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Mannitol Polymorphs as Carrier in DPIs Formulations: Isolation Characterization and Performance. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13081113. [PMID: 34452073 PMCID: PMC8401007 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13081113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2021] [Revised: 07/16/2021] [Accepted: 07/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
The search for best performing carriers for dry powder inhalers is getting a great deal of interest to overcome the limitations posed by lactose. The aerosolization of adhesive mixtures between a carrier and a micronized drug is strongly influenced by the carrier solid-state properties. This work aimed at crystallizing kinetically stable D-mannitol polymorphs and at investigating their aerosolization performance when used in adhesive mixtures with two model drugs (salbutamol sulphate, SS, and budesonide, BUD) using a median and median/high resistance inhaler. A further goal was to assess in vitro the cytocompatibility of the produced polymer-doped mannitol polymorphs toward two lung epithelial cell lines. Kinetically stable (up to 12 months under accelerate conditions) α, and δ mannitol forms were crystallized in the presence of 2% w/w PVA and 1% w/w PVP respectively. These solid phases were compared with the β form and lactose as references. The solid-state properties of crystallized mannitol significantly affected aerosolization behavior, with the δ form affording the worst fine particle fraction with both the hydrophilic (9.3 and 6.5%) and the lipophilic (19.6 and 32%) model drugs, while α and β forms behaved in the same manner (11–13% for SS; 53–58% for BUD) and better than lactose (8 and 13% for SS; 26 and 39% for BUD). Recrystallized mannitol, but also PVA and PVP, proved to be safe excipients toward lung cell lines. We concluded that, also for mannitol, the physicochemical properties stemming from different crystal structures represent a tool for modulating carrier-drug interaction and, in turn, aerosolization performance.
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38
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Xiong B, Chen Y, Liu Y, Hu X, Han H, Li Q. Artesunate-loaded porous PLGA microsphere as a pulmonary delivery system for the treatment of non-small cell lung cancer. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2021; 206:111937. [PMID: 34198232 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2021.111937] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 06/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) has emerged to be a significant cause of cancer mortality worldwide. Artesunate (ART) extracted from Chinese herb Artemisia annua L, has been proven to possess desirable anti-cancer efficacy, especially for the metastatic NSCLC treatment. Moreover, the poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) microsphere has been considered to be a potential pulmonary delivery system for the sustained drug release to enhance the therapeutic efficacy of lung cancer. Herein, the ART-loaded porous PLGA microsphere was prepared through the emulsion solvent evaporation approach. The microsphere was demonstrated to possess highly porous structure and ideal aerodynamic diameter for the pulmonary administration. Meanwhile, sustained ART release was obtained from the porous microsphere within 8 days. The release solution collected from the microsphere could be effectively uptake by the cells and further induce the cell apoptosis and the cell cycle arrest at G2/M phase to execute the anti-proliferative effect, using human lung adenocarcinoma cell line A549 as a model. Additionally, strong inhibitory effect on the cell migration and invasion could be obtained after the treatment with release solution. Taken together, our results demonstrated that the ART-loaded PLGA porous microsphere could achieve excellent anti-cancer efficacy, providing a potential approach for the NSCLC treatment via the pulmonary administration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boyu Xiong
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Yanxu Chen
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Yong Liu
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Xiaolin Hu
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China
| | - Haobo Han
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
| | - Quanshun Li
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Enzymology and Engineering of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Jilin University, Changchun, 130012, China.
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39
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Thiyagarajan D, Huck B, Nothdurft B, Koch M, Rudolph D, Rutschmann M, Feldmann C, Hozsa C, Furch M, Besecke KFW, Gieseler RK, Loretz B, Lehr CM. Spray-dried lactose-leucine microparticles for pulmonary delivery of antimycobacterial nanopharmaceuticals. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2021; 11:1766-1778. [PMID: 34101127 PMCID: PMC8236044 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-021-01011-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Pulmonary delivery of nanocarriers for novel antimycobacterial compounds is challenging because the aerodynamic properties of nanomaterials are sub-optimal for such purposes. Here, we report the development of dry powder formulations for nanocarriers containing benzothiazinone 043 (BTZ) or levofloxacin (LVX), respectively. The intricacy is to generate dry powder aerosols with adequate aerodynamic properties while maintaining both nanostructural integrity and compound activity until reaching the deeper lung compartments. Microparticles (MPs) were prepared using vibrating mesh spray drying with lactose and leucine as approved excipients for oral inhalation drug products. MP morphologies and sizes were measured using various biophysical techniques including determination of geometric and aerodynamic mean sizes, X-ray diffraction, and confocal and focused ion beam scanning electron microscopy. Differences in the nanocarriers’ characteristics influenced the MPs’ sizes and shapes, their aerodynamic properties, and, hence, also the fraction available for lung deposition. Spay-dried powders of a BTZ nanosuspension, BTZ-loaded silica nanoparticles (NPs), and LVX-loaded liposomes showed promising respirable fractions, in contrast to zirconyl hydrogen phosphate nanocontainers. While the colloidal stability of silica NPs was improved after spray drying, MPs encapsulating either BTZ nanosuspensions or LVX-loaded liposomes showed the highest respirable fractions and active pharmaceutical ingredient loads. Importantly, for the BTZ nanosuspension, biocompatibility and in vitro uptake by a macrophage model cell line were improved even further after spray drying. ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Durairaj Thiyagarajan
- Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Center for Infection Research (HZI), Campus E8.1, 66123, Saarbrucken, Germany
| | - Benedikt Huck
- Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Center for Infection Research (HZI), Campus E8.1, 66123, Saarbrucken, Germany.,Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrucken, Germany
| | - Birgit Nothdurft
- , INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, 66123, Saarbrucken, Germany
| | - Marcus Koch
- , INM - Leibniz Institute for New Materials, Campus D2 2, 66123, Saarbrucken, Germany
| | - David Rudolph
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Mark Rutschmann
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Claus Feldmann
- Institute of Inorganic Chemistry, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Engesserstr. 15, 76131, Karlsruhe, Germany
| | - Constantin Hozsa
- Rodos Biotarget GmbH, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 31, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,Siegfried AG Hameln, 31789, Hameln, Germany
| | - Marcus Furch
- Rodos Biotarget GmbH, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 31, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,Biolife Holding GmbH & Co. KG, 69126, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Karen F W Besecke
- Rodos Biotarget GmbH, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 31, 30625, Hannover, Germany
| | - Robert K Gieseler
- Rodos Biotarget GmbH, Feodor-Lynen-Str. 31, 30625, Hannover, Germany.,Department of Medicine, University Hospital Bochum, 44892, Bochum, Germany
| | - Brigitta Loretz
- Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Center for Infection Research (HZI), Campus E8.1, 66123, Saarbrucken, Germany.
| | - Claus-Michael Lehr
- Helmholtz-Institute for Pharmaceutical Research Saarland (HIPS), Helmholtz Center for Infection Research (HZI), Campus E8.1, 66123, Saarbrucken, Germany.,Department of Pharmacy, Saarland University, 66123, Saarbrucken, Germany
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40
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Coupled CFD-DEM model for dry powder inhalers simulation: Validation and sensitivity analysis for the main model parameters. POWDER TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2021.02.044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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41
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Designing enhanced spray dried particles for inhalation: A review of the impact of excipients and processing parameters on particle properties. POWDER TECHNOL 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.powtec.2021.02.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
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42
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Yaqoubi S, Chan HK, Nokhodchi A, Dastmalchi S, Alizadeh AA, Barzegar-Jalali M, Adibkia K, Hamishehkar H. A quantitative approach to predicting lung deposition profiles of pharmaceutical powder aerosols. Int J Pharm 2021; 602:120568. [PMID: 33812969 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2021] [Revised: 03/19/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Dry powder inhalers (DPI) are widely used systems for pulmonary delivery of therapeutics. The inhalation performance of DPIs is influenced by formulation features, inhaler device and inhalation pattern. The current review presents the affecting factors with great focus on powder characteristics which include particle size, shape, surface, density, hygroscopicity and crystallinity. The properties of a formulation are greatly influenced by a number of physicochemical factors of drug and added excipients. Since available particle engineering techniques result in particles with a set of modifications, it is difficult to distinguish the effect of an individual feature on powder deposition behavior. This necessitates developing a predictive model capable of describing all influential factors on dry powder inhaler delivery. Therefore, in the current study, a model was constructed to correlate the inhaler device properties, inhalation flow rate, particle characteristics and drug/excipient physicochemical properties with the resultant fine particle fraction. The r2 value of established correlation was 0.74 indicating 86% variability in FPF values is explained by the model with the mean absolute errors of 0.22 for the predicted values. The authors believe that this model is capable of predicting the lung deposition pattern of a formulation with an acceptable precision when the type of inhaler device, inhalation flow rate, physicochemical behavior of active and inactive ingredients and the particle characteristics of DPI formulations are considered.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shadi Yaqoubi
- Faculty of Pharmacy and Student Research Committee, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hak-Kim Chan
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ali Nokhodchi
- Pharmaceutics Research Laboratory, School of Life Sciences, University of Sussex, Brighton, UK
| | - Siavoush Dastmalchi
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Ali Akbar Alizadeh
- Biotechnology Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Mohammad Barzegar-Jalali
- Pharmaceutical Analysis Research Center, and Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Khosro Adibkia
- Research Center for Pharmaceutical Nanotechnology, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Hamed Hamishehkar
- Drug Applied Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.
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43
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Ke WR, Chang RYK, Kwok PCL, Tang P, Chen L, Chen D, Chan HK. Administration of dry powders during respiratory supports. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2021; 9:596. [PMID: 33987294 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-3946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Inhaled drugs are routinely used for the treatment of respiratory-supported patients. To date, pressurized metered dose inhalers and nebulizers are the two platforms routinely employed in the clinical setting. The scarce utilization of the dry powder inhaler (DPI) platform is partly due to the lack of in vivo data that proves optimal delivery and drug efficacy are achievable. Additionally, fitting a DPI in-line to the respiratory circuit is not as straightforward as with the other aerosol delivery platforms. Importantly, there is a common misconception that the warm and humidified inspiratory air in respiratory supports, even for a short exposure, will deteriorate powder formulation compromising its delivery and efficacy. However, some recent studies have dispelled this myth, showing successful delivery of dry powders through the humidified circuit of respiratory supports. Compared with other aerosol delivery devices, the use of DPIs during respiratory supports possesses unique advantages such as rapid delivery and high dose. In this review, we presented in vitro studies showing various setups employing commercial DPIs and effects of ventilator parameters on the aerosol delivery. Inclusion of novel DPIs was also made to illustrate characteristics of an ideal inhaler that would give high lung dose with low powder deposition loss in tracheal tubes and respiratory circuits. Clinical trials are urgently needed to confirm the benefits of administration of dry powders in ventilated patients, thus enabling translation of powder delivery into practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ren Ke
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Rachel Yoon Kyung Chang
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Philip Chi Lip Kwok
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Patricia Tang
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Lan Chen
- Hangzhou Chance Pharmaceuticals, Hangzhou, China
| | - Donghao Chen
- Hangzhou Chance Pharmaceuticals, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hak-Kim Chan
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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44
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Douafer H, Andrieu V, Wafo E, Sergent M, Brunel JM. Feasibility of an inhaled antibiotic/adjuvant dry powder combination using an experimental design approach. Int J Pharm 2021; 599:120414. [PMID: 33647405 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2021.120414] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/17/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
The global increase of multidrug resistant bacteria and the lack of new classes of antibiotic especially those targeting Gram-negative pathogens are leaving the clinicians disarmed to treat numerous bacterial infections. Recently, the design of adjuvants able to enhance antibiotics activities appears to be one of the most promising investigated solutions to circumvent this problem. In this context, we have recently identified a new polyamino-isoprenyl derivative NV716 able to potentiate, at a very low concentration the activity of doxycycline against resistant P. aeruginosa bacterial strains by increasing its intracellular concentration. In this study we will report an experimental protocol to optimize a dry powder for inhalation ensuring the simultaneous delivery of an antibiotic (doxycycline) and an adjuvant (the polyaminoisoprenyl derivative NV716 since aerosol therapy could allow a rapid drug administration and target the respiratory system by avoiding the first pass effect and minimizing undesirable systemic effects. Thus, an experimental design was carried out permitting to identify the influence of several factors on the aerosolization efficiency of our combination and allowing us to find the right composition and manufacture leading to the best optimization of the simultaneous delivery of the two compounds in the form of an inhalable powder. More precisely, the powders of the two active ingredients were prepared by freeze drying and their aerosolization was improved by the addition of carrier particles of lactose inhalation grade. Under these conditions, the best formulation was defined by combining the optimal factors leading to the best aerodynamic properties' values (the lowest MMAD (Mass Median Aerodynamic Diameter) and the highest FPF (Fraction of Fine Particles)) without even using sophisticated engineering techniques. Finally, our results suggest that these molecules could be successfully delivered at the requested concentration in the lungs and then able to decrease drug consumption as well as increase treatment efficacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hana Douafer
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, SSA, MCT, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Véronique Andrieu
- Aix Marseille Univ, IRD, APHM, MEPHI, IHU Méditerranée Infection, Faculté de Médecine et de Pharmacie, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Emmanuel Wafo
- Aix Marseille Univ, INSERM, SSA, MCT, 13385 Marseille, France
| | - Michelle Sergent
- Aix Marseille Univ, IMBE, UMR CNRS IRD Avignon Université, Site de l'Etoile, Marseille, France
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45
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Pinto JT, Cachola I, F. Pinto J, Paudel A. Understanding Carrier Performance in Low-Dose Dry Powder Inhalation: An In Vitro -In Silico Approach. Pharmaceutics 2021; 13:pharmaceutics13030297. [PMID: 33668317 PMCID: PMC8025906 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics13030297] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 02/12/2021] [Accepted: 02/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
The use of physiologically based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) models to support drug product development has become increasingly popular. The in vitro characterization of the materials of the formulation provides valuable descriptors for the in silico prediction of the drug’s pharmacokinetic profile. Thus, the application of an in vitro–in silico framework can be decisive towards the prediction of the in vivo performance of a new medicine. By applying such an approach, this work aimed to derive mechanistic based insights into the potential impact of carrier particles and powder bulk properties on the in vivo performance of a lactose-based dry powder inhaler (DPI). For this, a PBPK model was developed using salbutamol sulphate (SS) as a model drug and the in vitro performance of its low-dose blends (2% w/w) with different types of lactose particles was investigated using different DPI types (capsule versus reservoir) at distinct airflows. Likewise, the influence of various carrier’s particle and bulk properties, device type and airflow were investigated in silico. Results showed that for the capsule-based device, low-dose blends of SS had a better performance, when smaller carrier particles (Dv0.5 ≈ 50 μm) with about 10% of fines were used. This resulted in a better predicted bioavailability of the drug for all the tested airflows. For the reservoir type DPI, the mean particle size (Dv0.5) was identified as the critical parameter impacting performance. Shear cell and air permeability or compressibility measurements, particle size distribution by pressure titration and the tensile strength of the selected lactose carrier powders were found useful to generate descriptors that could anticipate the potential in vivo performance of the tested DPI blends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana T. Pinto
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria;
- Correspondence: (J.T.P.); (A.P.); Tel.: +43-316-873-30975 (J.T.P.); +43-316-873-30912 (A.P.)
| | - Inês Cachola
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria;
| | - João F. Pinto
- iMed.ULisboa–Research Institute for Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal;
| | - Amrit Paudel
- Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria;
- Institute of Process and Particle Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Correspondence: (J.T.P.); (A.P.); Tel.: +43-316-873-30975 (J.T.P.); +43-316-873-30912 (A.P.)
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46
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Matera MG, Calzetta L, Ora J, Rogliani P, Cazzola M. Pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic approaches to drug delivery design for inhalation drugs. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2021; 18:891-906. [PMID: 33412922 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2021.1873271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Introduction: Inhaled drugs are important in the treatment of many lung pathologies, but to be therapeutically effective they must reach unbound concentrations at their effect site in the lung that are adequate to interact with their pharmacodynamic properties (PD) and exert the pharmacological action over an appropriate dosing interval. Therefore, the evaluation of pharmacokinetic (PK)/PD relationship is critical to predict their possible therapeutic effect.Areas covered: We review the approaches used to assess the PK/PD relationship of the major classes of inhaled drugs that are prescribed to treat pulmonary pathologies.Expert opinion: There are still great difficulties in producing data on lung concentrations of inhaled drugs and interpreting them as to their ability to induce the desired therapeutic action. The structural complexity of the lungs, the multiplicity of processes involved simultaneously and the physical interactions between the lungs and drug make any PK/PD approach to drug delivery design for inhalation medications extremely challenging. New approaches/methods are increasing our understanding about what happens to inhaled drugs, but they are still not ready for regulatory purposes. Therefore, we must still rely on plasma concentrations based on the axiom that they reflect both the extent and the pattern of deposition within the lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Gabriella Matera
- Unit of Pharmacology, Dept. Experimental Medicine, University of Campania "Luigi Vanvitelli", Naples, Italy
| | - Luigino Calzetta
- Unit of Respiratory Disease and Lung Function, Dept. Medicine and Surgery, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Josuel Ora
- Unit of Respiratory Medicine, Dept. Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Rogliani
- Unit of Respiratory Medicine, Dept. Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
| | - Mario Cazzola
- Unit of Respiratory Medicine, Dept. Experimental Medicine, University of Rome "Tor Vergata", Rome, Italy
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Thalberg K, Papathanasiou F, Fransson M, Nicholas M. Controlling the performance of adhesive mixtures for inhalation using mixing energy. Int J Pharm 2021; 592:120055. [PMID: 33176199 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.120055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/02/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
A concept of mixing energy, ME, has been developed and applied to blending of adhesive mixtures for inhalation in a high shear blender. Six different systems were investigated, four of which included a coating agent. For blends containing a coating agent, it is shown that the applied ME is key to the control of two important functional mechanisms: i) coating of the carrier by the coating agent, and ii) the dispersibility of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API). The mass of the carrier was identified to be the mass which is relevant to the forces acting during mixing. The dispersibility in terms of the fine particle fraction (FPF) can be expressed as the product of two exponentials which both are functions of ME. The first factor accounts for the initial increase in FPF, while the second accounts for the decrease observed at extensive mixing. For adhesive mixtures without a coating agent, a similar decrease in FPF is observed when high forces are applied during mixing. Mechanistic interpretation of the behavior is provided.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyrre Thalberg
- Inhalation Product Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca Gothenburg, Sweden.
| | - Foteini Papathanasiou
- Inhalation Product Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Magnus Fransson
- Inhalation Product Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Mark Nicholas
- Inhalation Product Development, Pharmaceutical Technology & Development, Operations, AstraZeneca Gothenburg, Sweden
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48
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Benque B, Khinast JG. Estimating inter-patient variability of dispersion in dry powder inhalers using CFD-DEM simulations. Eur J Pharm Sci 2021; 156:105574. [PMID: 32980431 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejps.2020.105574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Revised: 07/28/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
Abstract
Drug delivery from a capsule-based dry powder inhaler depends on the inhaler's design, the drug's formulation, and the inhalation maneuver. The latter affects both the air flow and the capsule motion in the inhaler. It is well known that patient-to-patient variability is a major challenge in the design of new inhaler types. Modeling and simulation are important tools for understanding such systems, yet quite complex. Simulation studies of capsule-based dry powder inhalers have disregarded the transient nature of the inhalation process, adopting a constant flow rate through the inhaler instead. In addition, either no capsules, a capsule in a fixed position, or a capsule rotating at a constant rate have been considered. In this work, literature data for three inhalation flow profiles were incorporated into coupled simulations of the air flow and carrier particle motion through an Aerolizer® dry powder inhaler with a rotating capsule and compared to simulations at constant air flow rates. The results for the profile simulations indicated that the carrier powder experienced larger velocity fluctuations. Acceleration events were tracked as a measure of collision- and flow-induced dispersion. The majority of fast particle accelerations occurred when the particles collided with the swirl chamber walls. Of the two common particle dispersion metrics, only the peak particle force distribution appeared to be sensitive to the inhalation profiles, while the effect of the profiles on the cumulative impulse was small.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benedict Benque
- Institute for Process and Particle Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Johannes G Khinast
- Institute for Process and Particle Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria; Research Center for Pharmaceutical Engineering, Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria.
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Spherical agglomerates of lactose as potential carriers for inhalation. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2020; 159:11-20. [PMID: 33358941 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2020.12.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2020] [Revised: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
We report here on spherical lactose agglomerates as potential carriers for inhalation applications. Micromeritic properties of three spherical lactose agglomerates (SA-A, SA-B, SA-C) and a standard lactose inhalation grade carrier (Lactohale 100; LH100) were evaluated and compared. Ordered mixtures with micronized salbutamol sulfate as the model active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) and lactose carriers at two drug loadings (2 wt%, 5 wt%) were prepared, and in-vitro aerosolization performance was assessed. The spherical crystallization process led to particles with tailored micromeritic properties. These had larger specific surface area and greater fine fraction < 10 µm, compared to LH100, due to their coarse morphology. Their properties were reflected in the flowability parameters, where two types of spherical agglomerates of lactose showed more cohesive behavior compared to the other lactose grades. Blend uniformity showed improved homogeneous distribution of the API at higher drug load. In-vitro aerosolization tests showed that the spherical agglomerates of lactose enhanced the dose of API, compared to LH100. SA-B and SA-C showed significantly higher fine particle fractions at low drug load compared to the others, whereas overall, the largest fine particle fraction was for SA-B at high drug load. The carrier material attributes related to particle size, specific surface area, compressibility, flowability (cohesion, flow function), and air permeability were critical for aerosolization performance.
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Ke WR, Chang RYK, Kwok PCL, Chen D, Chan HK. Spray drying lactose from organic solvent suspensions for aerosol delivery to the lungs. Int J Pharm 2020; 591:119984. [PMID: 33069893 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2020.119984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Revised: 10/06/2020] [Accepted: 10/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Lactose is widely used as an approved excipient for dry powder inhaler (DPI) products. Spray drying technique is a rapid method for converting a liquid feed into inhalable dried particles. However, spray-dried (SD) lactose powders produced from solutions are mostly amorphous and particularly unstable when exposed to moisture. In the present study, we explored the use of spray drying suspensions containing crystalline lactose particles in an organic solvent, and investigated the physicochemical properties of the resulting powders. The solution formulation was spray dried as a control. Two conditioned crystalline lactose samples were used for suspension formulations: Lactohale (LH) 300 lactose and jet-milled (JM) lactose micronized from LH300. The suspension formulations each contained 12 mg/ml suspended crystalline lactose particles (either LH300 or JM lactose) in isopropyl alcohol. The solution formulation contained 60 mg/ml lactose in water. The SD powders were stored under 25 °C/60% RH and 40 °C/75% RH for 3 months. The particulate properties and in vitro dispersion performance were examined at various time points. The SD lactose obtained from solution recrystallized and was no longer dispersible after 1-day storage at both storage conditions. The suspension SD JM lactose powder showed deterioration in the particulate properties and dispersibility over time, but more gradually. In contrast, the SD LH300 powder was stable, with its particulate properties and dispersion performance (FPF: ~12%) remaining the same after 3-months storage at 25 °C/60% RH. The SD LH300 stored at 40 °C/75% RH showed no change in particulate properties, but the FPF decreased over 3 months. Overall, SD lactose powders obtained from suspension demonstrated superior stability performance compared to SD lactose obtained from solution.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei-Ren Ke
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Pharmacy and Bank Building A15, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Rachel Yoon Kyung Chang
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Pharmacy and Bank Building A15, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Philip Chi Lip Kwok
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Pharmacy and Bank Building A15, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Donghao Chen
- Hangzhou Chance Pharmaceuticals, Hangzhou, China
| | - Hak-Kim Chan
- Advanced Drug Delivery Group, Sydney Pharmacy School, Faculty of Medicine and Health, Pharmacy and Bank Building A15, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia.
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