1
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Figueiredo J, Mendes M, Pais A, Sousa J, Vitorino C. Microfluidics-on-a-chip for designing celecoxib-based amorphous solid dispersions: when the process shapes the product. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024:10.1007/s13346-024-01633-7. [PMID: 38861140 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-024-01633-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024]
Abstract
The fundamental idea underlying the use of amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) is to make the most of the solubility advantage of the amorphous form of a drug. However, the drug stability becomes compromised due to the higher free energy and disorder of molecular packing in the amorphous phase, leading to crystallization. Polymers are used as a matrix to form a stable homogeneous amorphous system to overcome the stability concern. The present work aims to design ASD-based formulations under the umbrella of quality by design principles for improving oral drug bioavailability, using celecoxib (CXB) as a model drug. ASDs were prepared from selected polymers and tested both individually and in combinations, using various manufacturing techniques: high-shear homogenization, high-pressure homogenization, microfluidics-on-a-chip, and spray drying. The resulting dispersions were further optimized, resorting to a 32 full-factorial design, considering the drug:polymers ratio and the total solid content as variables. The formulated products were evaluated regarding analytical centrifugation and the influence of the different polymers on the intrinsic dissolution rate of the CXB-ASDs. Microfluidics-on-a-chip led to the amorphous status of the formulation. The in vitro evaluation demonstrated a remarkable 26-fold enhancement in the intrinsic dissolution rate, and the translation of this formulation into tablets as the final dosage form is consistent with the observed performance enhancement. These findings are supported by ex vivo assays, which exhibited a two-fold increase in permeability compared to pure CXB. This study tackles the bioavailability hurdles encountered with diverse active compounds, offering insights into the development of more effective drug delivery platforms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Figueiredo
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Maria Mendes
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre, Institute of Molecular Sciences - IMS, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Alberto Pais
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre, Institute of Molecular Sciences - IMS, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - João Sousa
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre, Institute of Molecular Sciences - IMS, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carla Vitorino
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Coimbra, Pólo das Ciências da Saúde, Azinhaga de Santa Comba, 3000-548, Coimbra, Portugal.
- Coimbra Chemistry Centre, Institute of Molecular Sciences - IMS, Department of Chemistry, University of Coimbra, 3004-535, Coimbra, Portugal.
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2
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Helmy AM, Lu A, Duggal I, Rodrigues KP, Maniruzzaman M. Electromagnetic drop-on-demand (DoD) technology as an innovative platform for amorphous solid dispersion production. Int J Pharm 2024; 658:124185. [PMID: 38703932 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.124185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2024] [Revised: 04/25/2024] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/06/2024]
Abstract
Production of amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) is an effective strategy to promote the solubility and bioavailability of poorly water soluble medicinal substances. In general, ASD is manufactured using a variety of classic and modern techniques, most of which rely on either melting or solvent evaporation. This proof-of-concept study is the first ever to introduce electromagnetic drop-on-demand (DoD) technique as an alternative solvent evaporation-based method for producing ASDs. Herein 3D printing of ASDs for three drug-polymer combinations (efavirenz-Eudragit L100-55, lumefantrine-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate, and favipiravir-polyacrylic acid) was investigated to ascertain the reliability of this technique. Polarized light microscopy, differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD), and Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy results supported the formation of ASDs for the three drugs by means of DoD 3D printing, which significantly increases the equilibrium solubility of efavirenz from 0.03 ± 0.04 µg/ml to 21.18 ± 4.20 µg/ml, and the equilibrium solubility of lumefantrine from 1.26 ± 1.60 µg/ml to 20.21 ± 6.91 µg/ml. Overall, the reported findings show how this new electromagnetic DoD technology can have a potential to become a cutting-edge 3D printing solvent-evaporation technique for on-demand and continuous manufacturing of ASDs for a variety of drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdelrahman M Helmy
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA; Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Deraya University, Minya, Egypt
| | - Anqi Lu
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Ishaan Duggal
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Kristina P Rodrigues
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Mohammed Maniruzzaman
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA; Pharmaceutical Engineering and 3D Printing (PharmE3D) Lab, Department of Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, School of Pharmacy, The University of Mississippi, University, MS 38677-1848, USA.
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3
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Zhang HJ, Chiang CW, Maschmeyer-Tombs T, Conklin B, Napolitano JG, Lubach JW, Nagapudi K, Mao C, Chen Y. Generality of Enhancing the Dissolution Rates of Free Acid Amorphous Solid Dispersions by the Incorporation of Sodium Hydroxide. Mol Pharm 2024. [PMID: 38836777 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.4c00118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/06/2024]
Abstract
The incorporation of a counterion into an amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) has been proven to be an attractive strategy to improve the drug dissolution rate. In this work, the generality of enhancing the dissolution rates of free acid ASDs by incorporating sodium hydroxide (NaOH) was studied by surface-area-normalized dissolution. A set of diverse drug molecules, two common polymer carriers (copovidone or PVPVA and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate or HPMCAS), and two sample preparation methods (rotary evaporation and spray drying) were investigated. When PVPVA was used as the polymer carrier for the drugs in this study, enhancements of dissolution rates from 7 to 78 times were observed by the incorporation of NaOH into the ASDs at a 1:1 molar ratio with respect to the drug. The drugs having lower amorphous solubilities showed greater enhancement ratios, providing a promising path to improve the drug release performance from their ASDs. Samples generated by rotary evaporation and spray drying demonstrated comparable dissolution rates and enhancements when NaOH was added, establishing a theoretical foundation to bridge the ASD dissolution performance for samples prepared by different solvent-removal processes. In the comparison of polymer carriers, when HPMCAS was applied in the selected system (indomethacin ASD), a dissolution rate enhancement of 2.7 times by the incorporated NaOH was observed, significantly lower than the enhancement of 53 times from the PVPVA-based ASD. This was attributed to the combination of a lower dissolution rate of HPMCAS and the competition for NaOH between IMC and HPMCAS. By studying the generality of enhancing ASD dissolution rates by the incorporation of counterions, this study provides valuable insights into further improving drug release from ASD formulations of poorly water-soluble drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen J Zhang
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of California, Berkeley, 142 Weill Hall #3200, Berkeley, California 94720, United States
| | - Cheng W Chiang
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Tristan Maschmeyer-Tombs
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Breanna Conklin
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Jose G Napolitano
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Joseph W Lubach
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Karthik Nagapudi
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Chen Mao
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
| | - Yinshan Chen
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California 94080, United States
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4
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Wang Y, Chin CY, Shivashekaregowda NKH, Shi Q. Implications of Low-concentration Polymer on the Physical Stability of Glassy Griseofulvin: Role of the Segmental Mobility. AAPS PharmSciTech 2024; 25:103. [PMID: 38714634 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-024-02809-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2024] [Accepted: 04/17/2024] [Indexed: 05/10/2024] Open
Abstract
Crystallization of amorphous pharmaceutical solids are widely reported to be affected by the addition of polymer, while the underlying mechanism require deep study. Herein, crystal growth behaviors of glassy griseofulvin (GSF) doped with various 1% w/w polymer were systematically studied. From the molecular structure, GSF cannot form the hydrogen bonding interactions with the selected polymer poly(vinyl acetate), polyvinyl pyrrolidone (PVP), 60:40 vinyl pyrrolidone-vinyl acetate copolymer (PVP/VA 64), and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO). 1% w/w polymer exhibited weak or no detectable effects on the glass transition temperature (Tg) of GSF. However, crystal growth rates of GSF was altered from 4.27-fold increase to 2.57-fold decrease at 8 ℃ below Tg of GSF. Interestingly, the ability to accelerate and inhibit the growth rates of GSF crystals correlated well with Tg of polymer, indicating the controlling role of segmental mobility of polymer. Moreover, ring-banded growth of GSF was observed in the polymer-doped systems. Normal compact bulk and ring-banded crystals of GSF were both characterized as the thermodynamically stable form I. More importantly, formation of ring-banded crystals of GSF can significantly weaken the inhibitory effects of polymer on the crystallization of glassy GSF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanan Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, 224005, China
- Digital Health and Medical Advancement Impact Lab, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Selangor, 47500, Malaysia
| | - Chai-Yee Chin
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, 47500, Malaysia
| | - Naveen Kumar Hawala Shivashekaregowda
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, 47500, Malaysia.
- Digital Health and Medical Advancement Impact Lab, Taylor's University, Subang Jaya, Selangor, 47500, Malaysia.
| | - Qin Shi
- School of Pharmacy, Jiangsu Vocational College of Medicine, Yancheng, 224005, China.
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5
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Patel K, Kevlani V, Shah S. A novel Posaconazole oral formulation using spray dried solid dispersion technology: in-vitro and in-vivo study. Drug Deliv Transl Res 2024; 14:1253-1276. [PMID: 37952081 DOI: 10.1007/s13346-023-01461-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/21/2023] [Indexed: 11/14/2023]
Abstract
SD (solid dispersion) technology is one of the well-recognized solubility enhancement methods; but the use of versatile carriers in ASD (amorphous SD) to achieve the added advantage of modified release along with solubility improvement is an emerging area of exploration. Spray drying is a widely used technology with excellent scalability and product attributes. The SD carriers explored were Soluplus®, possessing excellent solubilization properties that may enhance bioavailability and is suitable for innovative processing, and Gelucire 43/01, a lipid polymer utilized in a non-effervescent-based floating gastro-retentive DDS for the modified release of API. The CPPs of spray drying were screened during preliminary trials, and the formulation variables were optimized using a 32 Full Factorial Design. All nine batches were evaluated for % yield, % drug content, flow properties, floating behavior, saturation solubility, and in-vitro drug release in 0.1 N HCl. The optimized batch characterized based on DSC (differential scanning calorimetry) and PXRD (powder X-ray diffraction) confirmed the amorphous nature of entrapped drug in SDD (spray-dried dispersion). Particle size analysis and SEM (scanning electron microscopy) demonstrated micron size irregular shaped particles. Residual solvent analysis by GCMS-HS confirmed the elimination of organic solvents from SDD. The optimized batch was found stable after 6 months stability study as per ICH guidelines. In-vivo roentgenography study in New Zealand white rabbit showed the residence of SDD in gastric environment for sufficient time. The pharmacokinetic study was performed in male Sprague-Dawley rats to determine the bioavailability of developed SDD based product in fasting and fed conditions, and to compare the data with marketed Noxafil formulation. The current research is focused on the development of a novel ternary SDD (spray-dried dispersion)-based gastro-retentive formulation for an anti-fungal drug Posaconazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaushika Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, L. J. Institute of Pharmacy, L J University, Ahmedabad, 382 210, India
- Gujarat Technological University, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Vijay Kevlani
- Department of Pharmacology, L. J. Institute of Pharmacy, L J University, Ahmedabad, 382 210, India
| | - Shreeraj Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, L. J. Institute of Pharmacy, L J University, Ahmedabad, 382 210, India.
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6
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Paudwal G, Dolkar R, Perveen S, Sharma R, Singh PP, Gupta PN. Third Generation Solid Dispersion-Based Formulation of Novel Anti-Tubercular Agent Exhibited Improvement in Solubility, Dissolution and Biological Activity. AAPS J 2024; 26:52. [PMID: 38649550 DOI: 10.1208/s12248-024-00922-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The long treatment period and development of drug resistance in tuberculosis (TB) necessitates the discovery of new anti-tubercular agents. The drug discovery program of the institute leads to the development of an anti-tubercular lead (IIIM-019), which is an analogue of nitrodihydroimidazooxazole and exhibited promising anti-tubercular action. However, IIIM-019 displays poor aqueous solubility (1.2 µg/mL), which demands suitable dosage form for its efficient oral administration. In the present study, third generation solid dispersion-based formulation was developed to increase the solubility and dissolution of IIIM-019. The solubility profile of IIIM-019 using various polymeric carriers was determined and subsequently, PVP K-30 and P-407 were selected for preparation of binary and ternary solid dispersion. The third-generation ternary solid dispersion comprising PVP K-30 and P-407 revealed a remarkable enhancement in the aqueous solubility of IIIM-019. Physicochemical characterization of the developed formulations was done by employing FTIR spectroscopy, scanning electron microscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, differential scanning calorimetry, and dynamic light scattering analysis. The dissolution study indicated an impressive release profile with the optimized formulation. The optimized formulation was further examined for cytotoxicity, cellular uptake, and hemolytic activity. The results indicated that the formulation had no apparent cytotoxicity on Caco-2 cells and was non-hemolytic in nature. Moreover, the optimized formulation showed significantly improved anti-tubercular activity compared to the native molecule. These findings showed that the developed third generation ternary solid dispersion could be a promising option for the oral delivery of investigated anti-tubercular molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gourav Paudwal
- PK-PD Tox & Formulation Section, Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Rigzin Dolkar
- PK-PD Tox & Formulation Section, Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Summaya Perveen
- Infectious Diseases Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Rashmi Sharma
- Infectious Diseases Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Parvinder Pal Singh
- Natural Products & Medicinal Chemistry Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Prem N Gupta
- PK-PD Tox & Formulation Section, Pharmacology Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Integrative Medicine, Canal Road, Jammu, 180001, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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7
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Zhuo X, Tozzetti M, Arnous A, Leng D, Foderà V, Löbmann K. Investigating the influence of protein secondary structure on the dissolution behavior of β-lactoglobulin-based amorphous solid dispersions. Int J Pharm 2024; 653:123887. [PMID: 38346599 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2024.123887] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2024] [Revised: 02/06/2024] [Accepted: 02/06/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024]
Abstract
Proteins acting as carriers in amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) demonstrate a notable sensitivity to the spray drying process, potentially leading to changes in their conformation. The main aim of this study was to investigate the dissolution performance of ASDs based on proteins with different content of secondary structures, specifically β-sheet and α-helix structures. We prepared β-sheet-rich and α-helix-rich β-lactoglobulin (BLG), along with corresponding ASDs containing 10 wt% and 30 wt% drug loadings, through spray drying using celecoxib as the model drug. Circular dichroism and Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy results revealed that even though changes in secondary structure were obtained in the spray-dried powders, the BLGs exhibited reversibility upon re-dissolving in phosphate buffer with varying pH levels. Both β-sheet-rich BLG and α-helix-rich BLG exhibited enhanced dissolution rates and higher solubility in the media with pH values far from the isoelectric point (pI) of BLG (pH 2, 7, 8, and 9) compared to the pH closer to the pI (pH 3, 4, 5, and 6). Notably, the release rate and solubility of the drug and BLG from both types of BLG-based ASDs at 10 wt% drug loading were largely dependent on the solubility of pure SD-BLGs. α-helix-rich BLG-ASDs consistently exhibited equivalent or superior performance to β-sheet-rich BLG-ASDs in terms of drug release rate and solubility, regardless of drug loading. Moreover, both types of BLG-based ASDs at 10 wt% drug loading exhibited faster release rates and higher solubility, for both the drug and BLG, compared to the ASDs at 30 wt% drug loading in pHs 2, 7, and 9 media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuezhi Zhuo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Martina Tozzetti
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Anis Arnous
- Zerion Pharma A/S, Blokken 11, DK-3460 Birkerød, Denmark
| | - Donglei Leng
- Zerion Pharma A/S, Blokken 11, DK-3460 Birkerød, Denmark
| | - Vito Foderà
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Korbinian Löbmann
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark; Zerion Pharma A/S, Blokken 11, DK-3460 Birkerød, Denmark
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8
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Purificação A, Silva-Mendonça S, Cruz LV, Sacramento CQ, Temerozo JR, Fintelman-Rodrigues N, de Freitas CS, Godoi BF, Vaidergorn MM, Leite JA, Salazar Alvarez LC, Freitas MV, Silvac MFB, Martin BA, Lopez RFV, Neves BJ, Costa FTM, Souza TML, da Silva Emery F, Andrade CH, Nonato MC. Unveiling the Antiviral Capabilities of Targeting Human Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase against SARS-CoV-2. ACS OMEGA 2024; 9:11418-11430. [PMID: 38496952 PMCID: PMC10938441 DOI: 10.1021/acsomega.3c07845] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Accepted: 02/05/2024] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
The urgent need for effective treatments against emerging viral diseases, driven by drug-resistant strains and new viral variants, remains critical. We focus on inhibiting the human dihydroorotate dehydrogenase (HsDHODH), one of the main enzymes responsible for pyrimidine nucleotide synthesis. This strategy could impede viral replication without provoking resistance. We evaluated naphthoquinone fragments, discovering potent HsDHODH inhibition with IC50 ranging from 48 to 684 nM, and promising in vitro anti-SARS-CoV-2 activity with EC50 ranging from 1.2 to 2.3 μM. These compounds exhibited low toxicity, indicating potential for further development. Additionally, we employed computational tools such as molecular docking and quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) models to analyze protein-ligand interactions, revealing that these naphthoquinones exhibit a protein binding pattern similar to brequinar, a potent HsDHODH inhibitor. These findings represent a significant step forward in the search for effective antiviral treatments and have great potential to impact the development of new broad-spectrum antiviral drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aline
D. Purificação
- Protein
Crystallography Laboratory, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 05508-060, SP, Brazil
- Center
for the Research and Advancement in Fragments and molecular Targets
(CRAFT), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 05508-060, SP, Brazil
| | - Sabrina Silva-Mendonça
- Center
for the Research and Advancement in Fragments and molecular Targets
(CRAFT), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 05508-060, SP, Brazil
- Laboratory
for Molecular Modeling and Drug Design (LabMol), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia 74605-170, GO, Brazil
| | - Luiza V. Cruz
- Center
for the Research and Advancement in Fragments and molecular Targets
(CRAFT), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 05508-060, SP, Brazil
- Laboratory
for Molecular Modeling and Drug Design (LabMol), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia 74605-170, GO, Brazil
| | - Carolina Q. Sacramento
- Laboratory
of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de
Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
- National
Institute for Science and Technology on Innovation in Diseases of
Neglected Populations (INCT/IDPN), Center for Technological Development
in Health (CDTS), Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Jairo R. Temerozo
- Laboratory
of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de
Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
- National
Institute for Science and Technology on Innovation in Diseases of
Neglected Populations (INCT/IDPN), Center for Technological Development
in Health (CDTS), Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
- National
Institute for Science and Technology on Neuroimmunomodulation, Oswaldo
Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Natalia Fintelman-Rodrigues
- Laboratory
of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de
Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
- National
Institute for Science and Technology on Innovation in Diseases of
Neglected Populations (INCT/IDPN), Center for Technological Development
in Health (CDTS), Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Caroline Souza de Freitas
- Laboratory
of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de
Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
- National
Institute for Science and Technology on Innovation in Diseases of
Neglected Populations (INCT/IDPN), Center for Technological Development
in Health (CDTS), Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Bruna Fleck Godoi
- Center
for the Research and Advancement in Fragments and molecular Targets
(CRAFT), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 05508-060, SP, Brazil
- Laboratory
of Heterocyclic and Medicinal Chemistry (QHeteM), Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 05508-060, SP, Brazil
| | - Miguel Menezes Vaidergorn
- Center
for the Research and Advancement in Fragments and molecular Targets
(CRAFT), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 05508-060, SP, Brazil
- Laboratory
of Heterocyclic and Medicinal Chemistry (QHeteM), Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 05508-060, SP, Brazil
| | - Juliana Almeida Leite
- Laboratory
of Tropical Diseases, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology
and Immunology, Institute of Biology, Unicamp, Campinas 13.083-857, SP, Brazil
| | - Luis Carlos Salazar Alvarez
- Laboratory
of Tropical Diseases, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology
and Immunology, Institute of Biology, Unicamp, Campinas 13.083-857, SP, Brazil
| | - Murillo V. Freitas
- Laboratory
for Molecular Modeling and Drug Design (LabMol), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia 74605-170, GO, Brazil
| | - Meryck F. B. Silvac
- Laboratory
for Molecular Modeling and Drug Design (LabMol), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia 74605-170, GO, Brazil
- Laboratory
of Cheminformatics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia 74605-170, GO, Brazil
| | - Bianca A. Martin
- Innovation
Center in Nanostructured Systems and Topical Administration (NanoTop),
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 05508-060, SP, Brazil
| | - Renata F. V. Lopez
- Innovation
Center in Nanostructured Systems and Topical Administration (NanoTop),
School of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 05508-060, SP, Brazil
| | - Bruno J. Neves
- Laboratory
of Cheminformatics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia 74605-170, GO, Brazil
| | - Fabio T. M. Costa
- Laboratory
of Tropical Diseases, Department of Genetics, Evolution, Microbiology
and Immunology, Institute of Biology, Unicamp, Campinas 13.083-857, SP, Brazil
| | - Thiago M. L. Souza
- Laboratory
of Immunopharmacology, Oswaldo Cruz Institute, Fiocruz, Rio de
Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
- National
Institute for Science and Technology on Innovation in Diseases of
Neglected Populations (INCT/IDPN), Center for Technological Development
in Health (CDTS), Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro 21040-900, RJ, Brazil
| | - Flavio da Silva Emery
- Center
for the Research and Advancement in Fragments and molecular Targets
(CRAFT), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 05508-060, SP, Brazil
- Laboratory
of Heterocyclic and Medicinal Chemistry (QHeteM), Department of Pharmaceutical
Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirao Preto 05508-060, SP, Brazil
| | - Carolina Horta Andrade
- Center
for the Research and Advancement in Fragments and molecular Targets
(CRAFT), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 05508-060, SP, Brazil
- Laboratory
for Molecular Modeling and Drug Design (LabMol), Faculty of Pharmacy, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia 74605-170, GO, Brazil
- Center
for Excellence in Artificial Intelligence (CEIA), Institute of Informatics, Universidade Federal de Goiás, Goiânia 74605-170, GO, Brazil
| | - M. Cristina Nonato
- Protein
Crystallography Laboratory, Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School
of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 05508-060, SP, Brazil
- Center
for the Research and Advancement in Fragments and molecular Targets
(CRAFT), School of Pharmaceutical Sciences at Ribeirao Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto 05508-060, SP, Brazil
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9
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Hofmann N, Harms M, Mäder K. ASDs of PROTACs: Spray-dried solid dispersions as enabling formulations. Int J Pharm 2024; 650:123725. [PMID: 38113976 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 12/15/2023] [Accepted: 12/16/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Proteolysis targeting chimeras (PROTACs) are a promising class of pharmaceutical agents with a unique mode of action. PROTACs enable the targeting of a broad variety of structures including transcription factors and other "undruggable" targets. The poor solubility and slow dissolution of PROTACs currently limit the extensive use of their potential. Up to date, only very limited drug delivery options have been examined to address this challenge. Therefore, we explored the potential of amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) by spray drying a model PROTAC with different polymers. The resulting formulations were assessed in terms of purity, solid state, dissolution performance, and stability. A strong increase in supersaturation compared to the physical mixture was provided, although in both systems the PROTAC molecule itself was already in the amorphous state. Evaluation of the reasons for the superiority of the ASD formulations revealed that the major factor was the homogeneous, molecular distribution of the active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) in the polymer matrix, as well as improved wettability of the formulation containing Soluplus compared to the physical mixture. The manufactured formulations were stable over a minimum of 8 weeks when protected from light and humidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicole Hofmann
- Global Drug Product Development, Orals Development, Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Straße 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany; Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty I of Natural Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Strasse 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Meike Harms
- Global Drug Product Development, Orals Development, Merck KGaA, Frankfurter Straße 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Karsten Mäder
- Institute of Pharmacy, Faculty I of Natural Sciences, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Strasse 3, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany.
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10
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Aulifa DL, Al Shofwan AA, Megantara S, Fakih TM, Budiman A. Elucidation of Molecular Interactions Between Drug-Polymer in Amorphous Solid Dispersion by a Computational Approach Using Molecular Dynamics Simulations. Adv Appl Bioinform Chem 2024; 17:1-19. [PMID: 38282640 PMCID: PMC10821732 DOI: 10.2147/aabc.s441628] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Introduction Amorphous drug dispersion is frequently used to enhance the solubility and dissolution of poorly water-soluble drugs, thereby improving their oral bioavailability. The dispersion of these drugs into polymer matrix can inhibit their recrystallization. The inter-molecular interactions between drug and polymer plays a role in the improvement of the dissolution rate, solubility, and physical stability of drug. Aim This study aims to investigate the formation and interactions of ritonavir (RTV)/poloxamer (PLX) amorphous formulation using a computational approach via molecular dynamics (MD) simulations, which mimicked solvent evaporation and melt-quenching method. Methods TheRoot Mean Square Deviation (RMSD) value, Root Mean Square Fluctuation (RMSF), Radial Distribution Function (RDF), Radius of Gyration (Rg), Solvent Accessible Surface Area (SASA), and hydrogen bond interactions were analyzed to determine interaction mechanisms between RTV and PLX in amorphous solid dispersion. Results The pi-alkyl bonds between RTV and PLX were formed after simulations of solvent evaporation, while the hydrogen bond interactions of RTV-PLX was observed during melt method simulations. These results indicate the successful formulation of amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) from RTV and PLX. The RMSD values obtained from the solvent evaporation, melt-cooling-A, melt-cooling-B, and melt-cooling-C methods were 3.33 Å, 1.97 Å, 1.30 Å, and 1.29 Å, respectively, while the average RMSF values were 2.65 Å, 1.04 Å, 1.05 Å, and 1.07 Å, respectively. This indicates that the suppression of translational motion of RTV from the melt method can be stronger than solvent evaporation caused by the intermolecular interactions of RTV-PLX. Conclusion MD simulations helped in understanding the formation and interaction mechanisms of ASD formulations that were difficult to detect by experimental approaches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diah Lia Aulifa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia
| | - Adnan Aly Al Shofwan
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia
| | - Sandra Megantara
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia
| | - Taufik Muhammad Fakih
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Islam Bandung, Bandung, Indonesia
| | - Arif Budiman
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, Indonesia
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11
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Rusdin A, Mohd Gazzali A, Ain Thomas N, Megantara S, Aulifa DL, Budiman A, Muchtaridi M. Advancing Drug Delivery Paradigms: Polyvinyl Pyrolidone (PVP)-Based Amorphous Solid Dispersion for Enhanced Physicochemical Properties and Therapeutic Efficacy. Polymers (Basel) 2024; 16:286. [PMID: 38276694 PMCID: PMC10820039 DOI: 10.3390/polym16020286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2023] [Revised: 01/08/2024] [Accepted: 01/10/2024] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The current challenge in drug development lies in addressing the physicochemical issues that lead to low drug effectiveness. Solubility, a crucial physicochemical parameter, greatly influences various biopharmaceutical aspects of a drug, including dissolution rate, absorption, and bioavailability. Amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) has emerged as a widely explored approach to enhance drug solubility. OBJECTIVE The objective of this review is to discuss and summarize the development of polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP)-based amorphous solid dispersion in improving the physicochemical properties of drugs, with a focus on the use of PVP as a novel approach. METHODOLOGY This review was conducted by examining relevant journals obtained from databases such as Scopus, PubMed, and Google Scholar, since 2018. The inclusion and exclusion criteria were applied to select suitable articles. RESULTS This study demonstrated the versatility and efficacy of PVP in enhancing the solubility and bioavailability of poorly soluble drugs. Diverse preparation methods, including solvent evaporation, melt quenching, electrospinning, coprecipitation, and ball milling are discussed for the production of ASDs with tailored characteristics. CONCLUSION PVP-based ASDs could offer significant advantages in the formulation strategies, stability, and performance of poorly soluble drugs to enhance their overall bioavailability. The diverse methodologies and findings presented in this review will pave the way for further advancements in the development of effective and tailored amorphous solid dispersions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Agus Rusdin
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km-21, Bandung 45363, Indonesia; (A.R.); (S.M.); (D.L.A.)
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km-21, Bandung 45363, Indonesia;
| | - Amirah Mohd Gazzali
- Departement Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Universiti Sains Malaysia, P.Penang, Penang 11800, Malaysia;
| | - Nur Ain Thomas
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Sport and Health, Universitas Negeri Gorontalo, Jl. Jenderal Sudirman No. 6, Gorontalo 96128, Indonesia;
| | - Sandra Megantara
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km-21, Bandung 45363, Indonesia; (A.R.); (S.M.); (D.L.A.)
- Research Collaboration Centre for Theranostic Radiopharmaceuticals, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jakarta Pusat 10340, Indonesia
| | - Diah Lia Aulifa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km-21, Bandung 45363, Indonesia; (A.R.); (S.M.); (D.L.A.)
| | - Arif Budiman
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km-21, Bandung 45363, Indonesia;
| | - Muchtaridi Muchtaridi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km-21, Bandung 45363, Indonesia; (A.R.); (S.M.); (D.L.A.)
- Research Collaboration Centre for Theranostic Radiopharmaceuticals, National Research and Innovation Agency (BRIN), Jakarta Pusat 10340, Indonesia
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12
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He R, Lamm MS, Brunskill A, Axnanda S, Li Y. Impact of Processing Methods on the Physico-chemical Properties of Posaconazole Amorphous Solid Dispersions. Pharm Res 2024; 41:141-151. [PMID: 38040879 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-023-03632-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & PURPOSE Different methods have been exploited to generate amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) of poorly water-soluble drugs. However, the impact of processing methods on drug stability and dissolution hasn't been studied extensively. The purpose of the current study is to investigate the impact of the two common ASD processing methods, hot-melt extrusion (HME) and spray drying, on the chemical/physical stability and supersaturation of Posaconazole (Posa) based ASDs. METHODS & RESULTS ASDs with 25% drug loading in hydroxypropylmethylcellulose acetate succinate were prepared using HME, and two types of spray dryers, a Procept Sprayer (ASD-Procept) and a Nano Sprayer (ASD-Nano). The relative physical stability of these ASDs upon exposure to heat and crystalline API seeding followed the order: ASD-Nano > ASD-Procept ≈HME. ASD-Procept and ASD-Nano showed similar chemical stability, slightly less stable than HME under 40°C/75%RH. All three ASDs demonstrated similar supersaturation induction times, and de-supersaturation kinetics with or without crystalline seeds. CONCLUSIONS Posa ASDs prepared via spray drying were chemically less stable compared with HME, which can be attributed to their smaller particle size and hollow structure allowing oxygen penetration. For ASD-Procept and HME, the detailed phase changes involving recrystallization of amorphous Posa and a solid-solid phase transition from Posa Form I to Form Ia during the seed-induced studies were proposed. Similar dissolution and supersaturation-precipitation kinetics of three Posa ASDs indicated that any residual nanocrystals in the bulk ASDs were not enough to induce crystallization to differentiate ASDs made by three processing methods.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru He
- Analytical Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, 07065, USA
| | - Matthew S Lamm
- Analytical Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, 07065, USA
| | - Andrew Brunskill
- Analytical Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, 07065, USA
| | - Stephanus Axnanda
- Analytical Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, 07065, USA
| | - Yongjun Li
- Analytical Research & Development, Merck & Co., Inc., Rahway, NJ, 07065, USA.
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13
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de Luna Rocha TC, Dos Santos Lima MJ, Nunes do Nascimento JL, Ferreira de Oliveira J, de Oliveira Silva E, Barbosa Dos Santos VH, de Lima Aires A, de Albuquerque Wanderley Sales V, Atanazio Rosa T, Rolim Neto PJ, Camelo Pessôa de Azevedo Albuquerque M, Alves de Lima MDC, Ferreira da Silva RM. Development and evaluation of the in vitro schistosomicidal activity of solid dispersions based on 2-(-5-bromo-1-H-indole-3-yl-methylene)-N-(naphthalene-1-ylhydrazine-carbothiamide. Exp Parasitol 2024; 256:108626. [PMID: 37972848 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2023.108626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Among all the neglected diseases, schistosomiasis is considered the second most important parasitic infection after malaria. Praziquantel is the most widely used drug for this disease, but its exclusive use may result in the development of drug-resistant schistosomiasis. To increase the control of the disease, new drugs have been developed as alternative treatments, among them 2-(-5-bromo-1-h-indole-3-yl-methylene)-N-(naphthalene-1-ylhydrazine-carbothiamide (LQIT/LT-50), which showed promising schistosomicidal activity in nonclinical studies. However, LQIT/LT-50 presents low solubility in water, resulting in reduced bioavailability. To overcome this solubility problem, the present study aimed to develop LQIT/LT-50 solid dispersions for the treatment of schistosomiasis. Solid dispersions were prepared through the solvent method using Soluplus©, polyethylene glycol (PEG) or polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP K-30) as hydrophilic carriers. The formulations with the best results in the compatibility tests, aqueous solubility and preliminary stability studies have undergone solubility tests and physicochemical characterizations by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), x-ray diffractometry (XRD), exploratory differential calorimetry (DSC), thermogravimetry (TG) and Raman spectroscopy. Finally, the schistosomicidal activity was evaluated in vitro. The phycochemical analyzes showed that when using PVP K-30, there was an interaction between the PVP K-30 and LQIT/LT-50, proving the successful development of the solid dispersion. Furthermore, an increase in the solubility of the new system was observed (LQIT/LT-50:PVP K-30) in addition to the improvement in the in vitro shistosomidal activity at 1:4 (w/w) molar ratio (i.e., 20% drug loading) when compared to LQIT/LT-50 alone. The development of the LQIT/LT-50:PVP K-30 1:4 solid dispersion is encouraging for the future development of new pharmaceutical solid formulations, aiming the schistosomicidal treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Jamerson Ferreira de Oliveira
- Institute of Health Sciences, University of International Integration of Afro-Brazilian Lusophony, Redenção, Ceará, Brazil
| | | | | | - André de Lima Aires
- Department of Tropical Medicine, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | | | - Talita Atanazio Rosa
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Pedro José Rolim Neto
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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14
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Bitay E, Gergely AL, Szabó ZI. One-Step Preparation of Fiber-Based Chlorzoxazone Solid Dispersion by Centrifugal Spinning. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 16:123. [PMID: 38201788 PMCID: PMC10781139 DOI: 10.3390/polym16010123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 12/28/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
An amorphous fiber-based solid dispersion of chlorzoxazone was prepared for the first time by employing centrifugal spinning, using polyvinylpyrrolidone as the fiber-forming polymer. After optimization of the spinning parameters, the obtained fibers were characterized using a set of analytical techniques, both in a solid- and solution-state. Morphological characterization revealed a slightly aligned, defect-free fibrous structure with an average fiber diameter of d = 3.07 ± 1.32 μm. The differential scanning calorimetric results indicated a crystalline-to-amorphous transition of the active substance during the centrifugal spinning process, while gas chromatographic determinations revealed a residual ethanol content of 0.42 ± 0.04%. UV spectroscopy indicated the incorporation of chlorzoxazone in the fibrous structures, with an average active substance content of 15.91 ± 0.36 w/w%. During small-volume dissolution studies, the prepared fiber mats presented immediate disintegration upon contact with the dissolution media, followed by rapid dissolution of the active substance, with 84.8% dissolved at 1 min and 93.7% at 3 min, outperforming the micronized, pure chlorzoxazone. The obtained results indicate that centrifugal spinning is a low-cost, high-yield, viable alternative to the currently used methods to prepare fiber-based amorphous solid dispersions of poorly soluble drugs. The prepared chlorzoxazone-loaded microfibers could be used as a buccal dosage form for the systematic delivery of chlorzoxazone and could potentially lead to a rapid onset of action and longer efficacy of the muscle relaxant drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Enikő Bitay
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Technical and Human Sciences, Sapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania, Calea Sighișoarei nr. 2, 540485 Târgu-Mureş, Romania;
- Bánki Donát Faculty of Mechanical and Safety Engineering, Óbuda University, Népszínház u. 8, 1081 Budapest, Hungary
- Research Institute of the Transylvanian Museum Society, 2–4 Napoca Street, 400009 Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Attila Levente Gergely
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Technical and Human Sciences, Sapientia Hungarian University of Transylvania, Calea Sighișoarei nr. 2, 540485 Târgu-Mureş, Romania;
| | - Zoltán-István Szabó
- Department of Drugs Industry and Pharmaceutical Management, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science, and Technology of Targu Mures, Gh. Marinescu 38, 540485 Târgu-Mureş, Romania;
- Sz-imfidum Ltd., Lunga nr. 504, 525401 Covasna, Romania
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15
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Luebbert C, Stoyanov E. Tailored ASD destabilization - Balancing shelf life stability and dissolution performance with hydroxypropyl cellulose. Int J Pharm X 2023; 5:100187. [PMID: 37396620 PMCID: PMC10314205 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpx.2023.100187] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2023] [Revised: 05/31/2023] [Accepted: 06/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) formulations are preferred enabling formulations for poorly water soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients (API) as they reliably enhance the dissolution behavior and solubility. Balancing a high stability against unwanted transformations such as crystallization and amorphous phase separation during storage on the one hand and optimizing the dissolution behavior of the formulation (high supersaturation and maintenance for long time) on the other hand are essential during formulation development. This study assessed the potential of ternary ASDs (one API and two polymers) containing the polymers hydroxypropyl cellulose together with poly(vinylpyrrolidone-co-vinyl acetate) (PVP VA64) or hydroxypropyl cellulose acetate succinate to stabilize the amorphously embedded APIs fenofibrate and simvastatin during storage and to enhance the dissolution performance. Thermodynamic predictions using the PC-SAFT model revealed for each combination of polymers the optimal polymer ratio, maximum API load that is thermodynamically stable as well as miscibility of the two polymers. The stability predictions were validated by three months enduring stability tests, followed by a characterization of the dissolution behavior. The thermodynamically most stable ASDs were found to be the ASDs with deteriorated dissolution performance. Within the investigated polymer combinations, physical stability and dissolution performance opposed each other.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Edmont Stoyanov
- Nisso Chemical Europe GmbH, Berliner Allee 42, Düsseldorf D-40212, Germany
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16
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Al-Japairai K, Hamed Almurisi S, Mahmood S, Madheswaran T, Chatterjee B, Sri P, Azra Binti Ahmad Mazlan N, Al Hagbani T, Alheibshy F. Strategies to improve the stability of amorphous solid dispersions in view of the hot melt extrusion (HME) method. Int J Pharm 2023; 647:123536. [PMID: 37865133 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 10/23/2023]
Abstract
Oral administration of drugs is preferred over other routes for several reasons: it is non-invasive, easy to administer, and easy to store. However, drug formulation for oral administration is often hindered by the drug's poor solubility, which limits its bioavailability and reduces its commercial value. As a solution, amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) was introduced as a drug formulation method that improves drug solubility by changing the molecular structure of the drugs from crystalline to amorphous. The hot melt extrusion (HME) method is emerging in the pharmaceutical industry as an alternative to manufacture ASD. However, despite solving solubility issues, ASD also exposes the drug to a high risk of crystallisation, either during processing or storage. Formulating a successful oral administration drug using ASD requires optimisation of the formulation, polymers, and HME manufacturing processes applied. This review presents some important considerations in ASD formulation, including strategies to improve the stability of the final product using HME to allow more new drugs to be formulated using this method.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khater Al-Japairai
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, Faculty of Chemical and Process Engineering Technology, Universiti Malaysia Pahang Al-Sultan Abdullah, Gambang 26300, Malaysia.
| | - Samah Hamed Almurisi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia.
| | - Syed Mahmood
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Malaya, 50603 Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia.
| | - Thiagarajan Madheswaran
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia.
| | - Bappaditya Chatterjee
- Shobhaben Pratapbhai Patel School of Pharmacy and Technology Management, SVKM's NMIMS, V.L.Mehta Road, Mumbai 400055, India.
| | - Prasanthi Sri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, School of Pharmacy, International Medical University, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia.
| | | | - Turki Al Hagbani
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Ha'il, Ha'il 81442, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Fawaz Alheibshy
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Ha'il, Ha'il 81442, Saudi Arabia; Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Aden University, Aden 6075, Yemen.
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17
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Han J, Tang M, Yang Y, Sun W, Yue Z, Zhang Y, Zhu Y, Liu X, Wang J. Amorphous solid dispersions: Stability mechanism, design strategy and key production technique of hot melt extrusion. Int J Pharm 2023; 646:123490. [PMID: 37805146 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.123490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2023] [Revised: 10/02/2023] [Accepted: 10/04/2023] [Indexed: 10/09/2023]
Abstract
Solid dispersion (SD) system has been used as an effective formulation strategy to increase in vitro and in vivo performances of poorly water-soluble drugs, such as solubility/dissolution, stability and bioavailability. This review provides a comprehensive SD classification and identifies the most popular amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs). Meanwhile, this review further puts forward the systematic design strategy of satisfactory ASDs in terms of drug properties, carrier selection, preparation methods and stabilization mechanisms. In addition, hot melt extrusion (HME) as the continuous manufacturing technique is described including the principle and structure of HME instrument, key process parameters and production application, in order to guide the scale-up of ASDs and develop more ASD products to the market in pharmaceutical industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiawei Han
- School of Pharmacy & School of Biological and Food Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, PR China; Changzhou Pharmaceutical Factory Co., LTD, Changzhou 213018, PR China; College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China
| | - Mengyuan Tang
- School of Pharmacy & School of Biological and Food Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, PR China
| | - Yang Yang
- School of Pharmacy & School of Biological and Food Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, PR China
| | - Wen Sun
- School of Pharmacy & School of Biological and Food Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, PR China
| | - Zhimin Yue
- School of Pharmacy & School of Biological and Food Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, PR China
| | - Yunran Zhang
- Changzhou Pharmaceutical Factory Co., LTD, Changzhou 213018, PR China
| | - Yijun Zhu
- Changzhou Pharmaceutical Factory Co., LTD, Changzhou 213018, PR China
| | - Xiaoqian Liu
- School of Pharmacy & School of Biological and Food Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, PR China.
| | - Jue Wang
- School of Pharmacy & School of Biological and Food Engineering, Changzhou University, Changzhou 213164, PR China; College of Chemistry, Chemical Engineering and Materials Science, Soochow University, Suzhou 215123, PR China.
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18
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Bao Z, Bufton J, Hickman RJ, Aspuru-Guzik A, Bannigan P, Allen C. Revolutionizing drug formulation development: The increasing impact of machine learning. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2023; 202:115108. [PMID: 37774977 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2023.115108] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/04/2023] [Revised: 09/24/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/01/2023]
Abstract
Over the past few years, the adoption of machine learning (ML) techniques has rapidly expanded across many fields of research including formulation science. At the same time, the use of lipid nanoparticles to enable the successful delivery of mRNA vaccines in the recent COVID-19 pandemic demonstrated the impact of formulation science. Yet, the design of advanced pharmaceutical formulations is non-trivial and primarily relies on costly and time-consuming wet-lab experimentation. In 2021, our group published a review article focused on the use of ML as a means to accelerate drug formulation development. Since then, the field has witnessed significant growth and progress, reflected by an increasing number of studies published in this area. This updated review summarizes the current state of ML directed drug formulation development, introduces advanced ML techniques that have been implemented in formulation design and shares the progress on making self-driving laboratories a reality. Furthermore, this review highlights several future applications of ML yet to be fully exploited to advance drug formulation research and development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zeqing Bao
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Jack Bufton
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, Canada
| | - Riley J Hickman
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada; Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 2E4, Canada; Vector Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Toronto, ON M5S 1M1, Canada
| | - Alán Aspuru-Guzik
- Department of Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada; Department of Computer Science, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 2E4, Canada; Vector Institute for Artificial Intelligence, Toronto, ON M5S 1M1, Canada; Lebovic Fellow, Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR), Toronto, ON M5S 1M1, Canada; Department of Chemical Engineering & Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E5, Canada; Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E4, Canada; CIFAR Artificial Intelligence Research Chair, Vector Institute, Toronto, ON M5S 1M1, Canada; Acceleration Consortium, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada
| | - Pauric Bannigan
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, Canada.
| | - Christine Allen
- Leslie Dan Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3M2, Canada; Department of Chemical Engineering & Applied Chemistry, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3E5, Canada; Acceleration Consortium, Toronto, ON M5S 3H6, Canada.
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19
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Mueller LK, Halstenberg L, Di Gallo N, Kipping T. Evaluation of a Three-Fluid Nozzle Spraying Process for Facilitating Spray Drying of Hydrophilic Polymers for the Creation of Amorphous Solid Dispersions. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2542. [PMID: 38004521 PMCID: PMC10675266 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15112542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2023] [Revised: 10/20/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) enable formulations to improve the solubility of poorly soluble active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). The amorphous state is reached through the disruption of the crystalline lattice of an API resulting in an increased apparent solubility with faster disintegration. Nevertheless, this form is characterized by a high-energy state which is prone to re-crystallization. To ensure a stable ASD, excipients, e.g., polymers that form a matrix in which an API is dispersed, are used. The applicable polymer range is usually linked to their solubility in the respective solvent, therefore limiting the use of hydrophilic polymers. In this work, we show the applicability of the hydrophilic polymer, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), in spray-dried solid dispersions. Using a three-fluid nozzle approach, this polymer can be used to generate ASDs with a targeted dissolution profile that is characterized by a prominent spring and desired parachute effect showing both supersaturation and crystallization inhibition. For this purpose, the polymer was tested in formulations containing the weakly basic drug, ketoconazole, and the acidic drug, indomethacin, both classified as Biopharmaceutics Classification System (BSC) class II drugs, as well as the weakly basic drug ritonavir classified as BCS IV. Furthermore, ritonavir was used to show the enhanced drug-loading capacity of PVA derived from the advantageous viscosity profile that makes the polymer an interesting candidate for spray drying applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lena Karin Mueller
- Merck Life Science KGaA, Frankfurter Straße 250, 64293 Darmstadt, Germany; (L.H.); (N.D.G.); (T.K.)
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20
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Corrie L, Ajjarapu S, Banda S, Parvathaneni M, Bolla PK, Kommineni N. HPMCAS-Based Amorphous Solid Dispersions in Clinic: A Review on Manufacturing Techniques (Hot Melt Extrusion and Spray Drying), Marketed Products and Patents. MATERIALS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 16:6616. [PMID: 37895598 PMCID: PMC10608006 DOI: 10.3390/ma16206616] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023]
Abstract
Today, therapeutic candidates with low solubility have become increasingly common in pharmaceutical research pipelines. Several techniques such as hot melt extrusion, spray drying, supercritical fluid technology, electrospinning, KinetiSol, etc., have been devised to improve either or both the solubility and dissolution to enhance the bioavailability of these active substances belonging to BCS Class II and IV. The principle involved in all these preparation techniques is similar, where the crystal lattice of the drug is disrupted by either the application of heat or dissolving it in a solvent and the movement of the fine drug particles is arrested with the help of a polymer by either cooling or drying to remove the solvent. The dispersed drug particles in the polymer matrix have higher entropy and enthalpy and, thereby, higher free energy in comparison to the crystalline drug. Povidone, polymethaacrylate derivatives, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) and hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate derivatives are commonly used as polymers in the preparation of ASDs. Specifically, hydroxypropylmethylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS)-based ASDs have become well established in commercially available products and are widely explored to improve the solubility of poorly soluble drugs. This article provides an analysis of two widely used manufacturing techniques for HPMCAS ASDs, namely, hot melt extrusion and spray drying. Additionally, details of HPMCAS-based ASD marketed products and patents have been discussed to emphasize the commercial aspect.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leander Corrie
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara 144411, Punjab, India;
| | | | - Srikanth Banda
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Florida International University, 11200 SW 8th Street, Miami, FL 33199, USA;
| | - Madhukiran Parvathaneni
- Department of Biotechnology, Harrisburg University of Science and Technology, Harrisburg, PA 17101, USA;
| | - Pradeep Kumar Bolla
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Engineering, University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, TX 79968, USA
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21
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Zhuo X, Sener Z, Kabedev A, Zhao M, Arnous A, Leng D, Foderà V, Löbmann K. Mechanisms of Drug Solubility Enhancement Induced by β-Lactoglobulin-Based Amorphous Solid Dispersions. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:5206-5213. [PMID: 37669430 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.3c00577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
Protein-based amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) have emerged as a promising approach for enhancing solubility in comparison to crystalline drugs. The dissolution behavior of protein-based amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) was investigated in various pH media. ASDs of four poorly soluble model drugs with acidic (furosemide and indomethacin), basic (carvedilol), and neutral (celecoxib) properties were prepared by spray drying at 30 wt % drug loading with the protein β-lactoglobulin (BLG). The effect of spray-dried BLG (SD-BLG) solubility and protein binding ability with dissolved drugs in solution were investigated to retrieve the mechanisms governing the improvement of drug solubility from the BLG-based ASDs. Powder dissolution results showed that all ASDs obtained a higher maximum concentration (Cmax) compared to the respective pure crystalline drugs. It was found that the solubility increase of the drugs from the ASDs was to a large extent dependent on the solubility of the pure SD-BLG at the investigated pH values (low solubility at pH near the isoelectric point (pI) of BLG). Furthermore, drug-protein interactions in a solution were observed, in particular at pH values where the drugs were neutral. These drug-protein interactions also resulted, to some extent, in the stabilization of the drug in supersaturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuezhi Zhuo
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Zeyneb Sener
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Aleksei Kabedev
- Department of Pharmacy, Uppsala University, 75123 Uppsala, Sweden
| | - Min Zhao
- China Medical University-Queen's University Belfast Joint College (CQC), China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, China
- School of Pharmacy, Queen's University Belfast, Belfast BT9 7BL, U.K
| | - Anis Arnous
- Zerion Pharma A/S, Blokken 11, DK-3460 Birkerød, Denmark
| | - Donglei Leng
- Zerion Pharma A/S, Blokken 11, DK-3460 Birkerød, Denmark
| | - Vito Foderà
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Korbinian Löbmann
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, DK-2100 Copenhagen, Denmark
- Zerion Pharma A/S, Blokken 11, DK-3460 Birkerød, Denmark
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22
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Choudhari M, Damle S, Saha RN, Dubey SK, Singhvi G. Emerging Applications of Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose Acetate Succinate: Different Aspects in Drug Delivery and Its Commercial Potential. AAPS PharmSciTech 2023; 24:188. [PMID: 37715004 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-023-02645-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/23/2023] [Indexed: 09/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate (HPMCAS) has multi-disciplinary applications spanning across the development of drug delivery systems, in 3D printing, and in tissue engineering, etc. HPMCAS helps in maintaining the drug in a super-saturated condition by inhibiting its precipitation, thereby increasing the rate and extent of dissolution in the aqueous media. HPMCAS has several distinctive characteristics, such as being amphiphilic in nature, having an ionization pH, and a succinyl and acetyl substitution ratio, all of which are beneficial while developing formulations. This review provides insights regarding the various types of formulations being developed using HPMCAS, including amorphous solid dispersion (ASD), amorphous nanoparticles, dry coating, and 3D printing, along with their applicability in drug delivery and biomedical fields. Furthermore, HPMCAS, compared with other carbohydrate polymers, shows several benefits in drug delivery, including proficiency in imparting stable ASD with a high dissolution rate, being easily processable, and enhancing bioavailability. The various commercially available formulations, regulatory considerations, and key patents containing the HPMCAS have been discussed in this review.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manisha Choudhari
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Vidya Vihar, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, 333031, India
| | - Shantanu Damle
- Colorcon Asia Pvt. Ltd. Verna Industrial Estate, Verna, Goa, 403722, India
| | - Ranendra Narayan Saha
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Vidya Vihar, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, 333031, India
| | - Sunil Kumar Dubey
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Vidya Vihar, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, 333031, India.
- R&D Healthcare Emami Ltd., Belgharia, Kolkata, 700056, India.
| | - Gautam Singhvi
- Department of Pharmacy, Birla Institute of Technology and Science, Pilani, Vidya Vihar, Pilani Campus, Rajasthan, 333031, India.
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23
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Patel K, Patel J, Shah S. Development of Delayed Release Oral Formulation Comprising Esomeprazole Spray Dried Dispersion Utilizing Design of Experiment As An Optimization Strategy. AAPS PharmSciTech 2023; 24:186. [PMID: 37700215 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-023-02642-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Solid dispersion (SD) technology is one of the most widely preferred solubility enhancement methods, especially for Biopharmaceutics classification system class II and IV drugs. Since the last decade, its application for the dual purpose of solubility hike and modified release using novel carriers has been in demand for its added advantages. Spray drying is a commercially accepted technique with high aspects of scalability and product characteristics. The current study used spray-dried dispersion to design delayed release capsule for the proton pump inhibitor esomeprazole. The SD carrier hydroxypropyl methylcellulose acetate succinate-medium grade (HPMCAS-MF) enhanced solubility, inhibited precipitation of saturated drug solutions, and allowed enteric release owing to its solubility above pH 6. The proposed approach avoided compression, coating with enteric polymers, and the development of multi-particulate pellet-based formulations, improving manufacturing feasibility. The formulation was optimized using Box-Behnken design, considering significant formulation variables like HPMCAS-MF proportion and critical process parameters like feed flow rate and inlet temperature. The optimized spray-dried dispersion were characterized based on Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), differential scanning calorimetry (DSC), powder X-ray diffraction (PXRD), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and also evaluated for solubility, in vitro drug release, residual solvent content, and stability testing. Response surface methodology optimization anticipated that formulation variables affected solubility and release profile, whereas CPPs affected yield. The design space was developed via overlay plot based on constraints specified to attain the desired response and validated using three checkpoint batches with desirability 1. FTIR showed active pharmaceutical ingredient-polymer compatibility. Particle size and SEM studies showed spherical particles with an average Z-value of 1.8 µ. DSC and PXRD confirmed SD's amorphous nature. The drug release investigation and release kinetics prediction utilizing DD-solver software showed a 2-h lag time with > 90% cumulative drug release up to 4 h for the DR formulation. ESM SDD were prepared by spray drying technique using the novel solid dispersion carrier HPMCAS-MF to serve the dual purpose of solubility enhancement and delayed release. The ratio of API:carrier and process variables like feed flow rate and inlet temperature were varied using the Box-Behnken Design to determine the design space of optimized product to procure the desired characteristics of solubility improvement compared to crystalline API and delayed release of PPI to avoid the degradation in the gastric environment. The developed formulation represents several benefits over the already existing marketed products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaushika Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, L. J. Institute of Pharmacy, L J University, Ahmedabad, 382 210, India
- Gujarat Technological University, Ahmedabad, India
| | - Jaymin Patel
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, L. J. Institute of Pharmacy, L J University, Ahmedabad, 382 210, India
| | - Shreeraj Shah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Technology, L. J. Institute of Pharmacy, L J University, Ahmedabad, 382 210, India.
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24
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Saha SK, Joshi A, Singh R, Dubey K. Review of industrially recognized polymers and manufacturing processes for amorphous solid dispersion based formulations. Pharm Dev Technol 2023; 28:678-696. [PMID: 37427544 DOI: 10.1080/10837450.2023.2233595] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Revised: 06/27/2023] [Accepted: 07/02/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Evolving therapeutic landscape through combinatorial chemistry and high throughput screening have resulted in an increased number of poorly soluble drugs. Drug delivery strategies quickly adapted to convert these drugs into successful therapies. Amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) technology is widely employed as a drug delivery strategy by pharmaceutical industries to overcome the challenges associated with these poorly soluble drugs. The development of ASD formulation requires an understanding of polymers and manufacturing techniques. A review of US FDA-approved ASD-based products revealed that only a limited number of polymers and manufacturing technologies are employed by pharmaceutical industries. This review provides a comprehensive guide for the selection and overview of polymers and manufacturing technologies adopted by pharmaceutical industries for ASD formulation. The various employed polymers with their underlying mechanisms for solution-state and solid-state stability are discussed. ASD manufacturing techniques, primarily implemented by pharmaceutical industries for commercialization, are presented in Quality by Design (QbD) format. An overview of novel excipients and progress in manufacturing technologies are also discussed. This review provides insights to the researchers on the industrially accepted polymers and manufacturing technology for ASD formulation that has translated these challenging drugs into successful therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Kumar Saha
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
- Formulation Research and Development - Orals, Sun Pharmaceuticals Industries Limited, Gurugram, India
| | | | - Romi Singh
- Formulation Research and Development - Orals, Sun Pharmaceuticals Industries Limited, Gurugram, India
| | - Kiran Dubey
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmaceutical Education & Research, Jamia Hamdard, New Delhi, India
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25
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Deng Y, Liu S, Jiang Y, Martins ICB, Rades T. Recent Advances in Co-Former Screening and Formation Prediction of Multicomponent Solid Forms of Low Molecular Weight Drugs. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:2174. [PMID: 37765145 PMCID: PMC10538140 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15092174] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/19/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Multicomponent solid forms of low molecular weight drugs, such as co-crystals, salts, and co-amorphous systems, are a result of the combination of an active pharmaceutical ingredient (API) with a pharmaceutically acceptable co-former. These solid forms can enhance the physicochemical and pharmacokinetic properties of APIs, making them increasingly interesting and important in recent decades. Nevertheless, predicting the formation of API multicomponent solid forms in the early stages of formulation development can be challenging, as it often requires significant time and resources. To address this, empirical and computational methods have been developed to help screen for potential co-formers more efficiently and accurately, thus reducing the number of laboratory experiments needed. This review provides a comprehensive overview of current screening and prediction methods for the formation of API multicomponent solid forms, covering both crystalline states (co-crystals and salts) and amorphous forms (co-amorphous). Furthermore, it discusses recent advances and emerging trends in prediction methods, with a particular focus on artificial intelligence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuehua Deng
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Product Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; (Y.D.); (S.L.)
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Shiyuan Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Product Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; (Y.D.); (S.L.)
| | - Yanbin Jiang
- Guangdong Provincial Key Lab of Green Chemical Product Technology, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou 510640, China; (Y.D.); (S.L.)
- School of Chemical Engineering, Guangdong University of Petrochemical Technology, Maoming 525000, China
| | - Inês C. B. Martins
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;
| | - Thomas Rades
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Copenhagen, Universitetsparken 2, 2100 Copenhagen, Denmark;
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26
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Budiman A, Handini AL, Muslimah MN, Nurani NV, Laelasari E, Kurniawansyah IS, Aulifa DL. Amorphous Solid Dispersion as Drug Delivery Vehicles in Cancer. Polymers (Basel) 2023; 15:3380. [PMID: 37631436 PMCID: PMC10457821 DOI: 10.3390/polym15163380] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2023] [Revised: 08/10/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Cancer treatment has improved over the past decades, but a major challenge lies in drug formulation, specifically for oral administration. Most anticancer drugs have poor water solubility which can affect their bioavailability. This causes suboptimal pharmacokinetic performance, resulting in limited efficacy and safety when administered orally. As a result, it is essential to develop a strategy to modify the solubility of anticancer drugs in oral formulations to improve their efficacy and safety. A promising approach that can be implemented is amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) which can enhance the aqueous solubility and bioavailability of poorly water-soluble drugs. The addition of a polymer can cause stability in the formulations and maintain a high supersaturation in bulk medium. Therefore, this study aimed to summarize and elucidate the mechanisms and impact of an amorphous solid dispersion system on cancer therapy. To gather relevant information, a comprehensive search was conducted using keywords such as "anticancer drug" and "amorphous solid dispersion" in the PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases. The review provides an overview and discussion of the issues related to the ASD system used to improve the bioavailability of anticancer drugs based on molecular pharmaceutics. A thorough understanding of anticancer drugs in this system at a molecular level is imperative for the rational design of the products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arif Budiman
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km. 21, Bandung 45363, Indonesia; (A.L.H.); (M.N.M.); (N.V.N.); (E.L.); (I.S.K.)
| | - Annisa Luthfiyah Handini
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km. 21, Bandung 45363, Indonesia; (A.L.H.); (M.N.M.); (N.V.N.); (E.L.); (I.S.K.)
| | - Mutia Nur Muslimah
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km. 21, Bandung 45363, Indonesia; (A.L.H.); (M.N.M.); (N.V.N.); (E.L.); (I.S.K.)
| | - Neng Vera Nurani
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km. 21, Bandung 45363, Indonesia; (A.L.H.); (M.N.M.); (N.V.N.); (E.L.); (I.S.K.)
| | - Eli Laelasari
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km. 21, Bandung 45363, Indonesia; (A.L.H.); (M.N.M.); (N.V.N.); (E.L.); (I.S.K.)
| | - Insan Sunan Kurniawansyah
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km. 21, Bandung 45363, Indonesia; (A.L.H.); (M.N.M.); (N.V.N.); (E.L.); (I.S.K.)
| | - Diah Lia Aulifa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis and Medicinal Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Universitas Padjadjaran, Jl. Raya Bandung-Sumedang Km. 21, Bandung 45363, Indonesia;
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27
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Zhang J, Guo M, Luo M, Cai T. Advances in the development of amorphous solid dispersions: The role of polymeric carriers. Asian J Pharm Sci 2023; 18:100834. [PMID: 37635801 PMCID: PMC10450425 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajps.2023.100834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 07/23/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Amorphous solid dispersion (ASD) is one of the most effective approaches for delivering poorly soluble drugs. In ASDs, polymeric materials serve as the carriers in which the drugs are dispersed at the molecular level. To prepare the solid dispersions, there are many polymers with various physicochemical and thermochemical characteristics available for use in ASD formulations. Polymer selection is of great importance because it influences the stability, solubility and dissolution rates, manufacturing process, and bioavailability of the ASD. This review article provides a comprehensive overview of ASDs from the perspectives of physicochemical characteristics of polymers, formulation designs and preparation methods. Furthermore, considerations of safety and regulatory requirements along with the studies recommended for characterizing and evaluating polymeric carriers are briefly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Zhang
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha 410022, China
| | - Minshan Guo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Minqian Luo
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
| | - Ting Cai
- Department of Pharmaceutics, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
- Department of Pharmaceutical Engineering, School of Engineering, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing 211198, China
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28
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Latreche M, Willart JF. Analysis of the Dissolution Mechanism of Drugs into Polymers: The Case of the PVP/Sulindac System. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15051505. [PMID: 37242747 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15051505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 05/05/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023] Open
Abstract
This paper is dealing with the dissolution mechanism of crystalline sulindac into amorphous Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) upon heating and annealing at high temperatures. Special attention is paid on the diffusion mechanism of drug molecules in the polymer which leads to a homogeneous amorphous solid dispersion of the two components. The results show that isothermal dissolution proceeds through the growth of polymer zones saturated by the drug, and not by a progressive increase in the uniform drug concentration in the whole polymer matrix. The investigations also show the exceptional ability of temperature Modulated Differential Scanning Calorimetry (MDSC) to identify the equilibrium and out of equilibrium stages of dissolution corresponding to the trajectory of the mixture into its state diagram.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mansour Latreche
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INRAE, Centrale Lille, UMR 8207, UMET-Unité Matériaux et Transformations, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - Jean-François Willart
- Univ. Lille, CNRS, INRAE, Centrale Lille, UMR 8207, UMET-Unité Matériaux et Transformations, F-59000 Lille, France
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29
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Palekar S, Mamidi HK, Guo Y, Vartak R, Patel K. Corroborating various material-sparing techniques with hot melt extrusion for the preparation of triclabendazole amorphous solid dispersions. Int J Pharm 2023; 640:122989. [PMID: 37120123 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 04/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
Amorphous solid dispersions (ASD) are one of the most adopted technologies for improving the solubility of novel molecules. Formulation of ASDs using solvent free methods such as hot melt extrusion (HME) has been in the spotlight off-lately. However, early-stage formulation development is tricky and a difficult bridge to pass due to limited drug availability. Material-sparing techniques (theoretical & practical) have been used for selecting suitable polymeric carriers for formulating ASDs. However, these techniques have limitations in predicting the effect of process parameters. The objective of this study is to use both theoretical and practical material-sparing techniques to optimize a polymer for the developing Triclabendazole (TBZ) ASDs. Initial screening by theoretical approaches suggested that TBZ is highly miscible with Kollidon®VA64 (VA64) and poorly miscible with Parteck®MXP (PVA). However, results from ASDs prepared using SCFe were opposite to these predictions. ASDs prepared using either technique and both VA64 and PVA showed >200x increase in solubility. Each formulation released >85% of drug in less than 15 mins. Although the thermodynamic phase diagram suggested that VA64 was the ideal polymer for TBZ-ASDs, it has certain limitations in factoring the different elements during melt-processing and hence, practical approaches like SCFe could help in predicting the drug-polymer miscibility for HME processing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siddhant Palekar
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, USA
| | - Hemanth K Mamidi
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, USA; Continuus Pharmaceuticals Inc, Woburn, MA, USA
| | - Yi Guo
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, USA
| | - Richa Vartak
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, USA
| | - Ketan Patel
- College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY, USA.
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Macedo J, Vanhoorne V, Vervaet C, Pinto JF. Influence of formulation variables on the processability and properties of tablets manufactured by fused deposition modelling. Int J Pharm 2023; 637:122854. [PMID: 36948473 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2022] [Revised: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 03/12/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
The present work studied the influence of different formulation variables (defined also as factors), namely, different polymers (HPC EF, PVA and HPMC-AS LG), drugs with different water solubilities (paracetamol, hydrochlorothiazide and celecoxib) and drug loads (10 or 30 %) on their processability by HME and FDM. Both filaments and tablets were characterized for physic and chemical properties (DSC, XRPD, FTIR) and performance properties (drug content, in vitro drug release). Experiments were designed to highlight relationships between the 3 factors selected and the mechanical properties of filaments, tablet mass and dissolution profiles of the model drugs from printed tablets. While the combination of hydrochlorothiazide and HPMC-AS LG could not be extruded, the combination of paracetamol with HPC EF turned the filaments too ductile and not stiff enough hampering the process of printing. All other polymer and drug combinations could be successfully extruded and printed. Models reflected the influence of the solubility of the drug considered but not the drug load in formulations. The ranking of the drug release rates was in good agreement with their solubilities. Furthermore, PVA presenting the fastest swelling rate, promoted the fastest drugs' releases in comparison with the other polymers studied. Overall, the study enabled the identification of the key factors affecting the properties of printed tablets, with the proposal of a model that has valued the relative contribution of each factor to the overall performance of tablets.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joana Macedo
- iMed.ULisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Valérie Vanhoorne
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Chris Vervaet
- Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Technology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - João F Pinto
- iMed.ULisboa, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal.
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Multilayered polymer coating modulates mucoadhesive and biological properties of camptothecin-loaded lipid nanocapsules. Int J Pharm 2023; 635:122792. [PMID: 36863543 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2023.122792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2022] [Revised: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 02/26/2023] [Indexed: 03/04/2023]
Abstract
Lipid core nanocapsules (NCs) coated with multiple polymer layers were rationally designed as a potential approach for the colonic delivery of camptothecin (CPT). Chitosan (CS), hyaluronic acid (HA) and hypromellose phthalate (HP) were selected as coating materials, to modulate the mucoadhesive and permeability properties of CPT regarding the improvement of local and targeted action in the colon cancer cells. NCs were prepared by emulsification/solvent evaporation method and coated with multiple polymer layers by polyelectrolyte complexation technique. NCs exhibited spherical shape, negative zeta potential, and size ranged from 184 to 252 nm. The high efficiency of CPT incorporation (>94%) was evidenced. The ex vivo permeation assay showed that nanoencapsulation reduced the permeation rate of CPT through the intestinal mucosa by up to 3.5 times, and coating with HA and HP reduced the permeation percentage by 2 times when compared to NCs coated only with CS. The mucoadhesive capacity of NCs was demonstrated in gastric and enteric pH. Nanoencapsulation did not reduce the antiangiogenic activity of CPT and, additionally, it was observed that nanoencapsulation resulted in localized antiangiogenic action of CPT.
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Lalge R, Kumar NSK, Suryanarayanan R. Implications of Drug-Polymer Interactions on Time-Temperature-Transformation: A Tool to Assess the Crystallization Propensity in Amorphous Solid Dispersions. Mol Pharm 2023; 20:1806-1817. [PMID: 36744878 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c01004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
The critical cooling rate (CRcrit) to prevent drug crystallization during the preparation of nifedipine amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) was determined through the time-temperature-transformation (TTT) diagram. ASDs were prepared with polyvinylpyrrolidone, hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose acetate succinate, and poly(acrylic acid). ASDs were subjected to isothermal crystallization over a wide temperature range, and the time and temperature dependence of nifedipine crystallization onset time (tC) was determined by differential scanning calorimetry (DSC) and synchrotron X-ray diffractometry. TTT diagrams were generated for ASDs, which provided the CRcrit for the dispersions prepared with each polymer. The observed differences in CRcrit could be explained in terms of differences in the strength of interactions. Stronger drug-polymer interactions led to longer tC and decreased CRcrit. The effect of polymer concentrations (4-20% w/w) was also influenced by the strength of the interaction. The CRcrit of amorphous NIF was ∼17.5 °C/min. Addition of 20% w/w polymer resulted in a CRcrit of ∼0.05, 0.2, and 11 °C/min for the dispersions prepared with PVP, HPMCAS, and PAA, respectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rahul Lalge
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, 9-177 WDH, 308 Harvard Street S.E., Minneapolis, Minnesota55455, United States
| | - N S Krishna Kumar
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, 9-177 WDH, 308 Harvard Street S.E., Minneapolis, Minnesota55455, United States
| | - Raj Suryanarayanan
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, University of Minnesota, 9-177 WDH, 308 Harvard Street S.E., Minneapolis, Minnesota55455, United States
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Paulino S, Santos L, Rabello M, da Silva P, Oliveira J, Lima MDC, Rocha T, Albuquerque M, Santos V, Alves L, Brayner F, Gomes T, Aires A, Neto PR, Silva R. Development of solid dispersions based on 3- (2,6-difluorobenzyl) -5- (5-bromo-1H-indol-3-ylmethylene) thiazolidine-2,4-dione for schistosomicidal treatment. Exp Parasitol 2023; 248:108455. [PMID: 36764643 DOI: 10.1016/j.exppara.2022.108455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/11/2023]
Abstract
Schistosomiasis is an endemic disease in Brazil. It is important to broaden the treatment options to control and containment of the disease. Thiazolidine derivatives appear as important alternatives to treatment. In vitro studies have demonstrated excellent schistosomiasis activity for LPSF/GQ-238. The molecule, however, has poorly water-soluble. This study focused on increasing the aqueous solubility of LPSF/GQ-238 by obtaining solid dispersions. Were prepared by the solvent techniques, using Soluplus®, Polyethylene glycol (PEG), and Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP-K30) as carriers. Solubility tests, Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), X-ray Diffraction (XRD), Exploratory Differential Calorimetry (DSC), and Raman Spectroscopy characterized these new intermediate products. The solubility tests showed that the higher the proportion of polymer used in the preparation of the dispersion, the greater the solubility presented. The observation of the morphology by SEM analysis, elucidated, that the new chemical entity (NCE) has a characteristic crystalline structure. The folding of this structure by the polymer was observed in all analyzed dispersions, thus demonstrating the amorphous state of the product. The scales observed in the structures of the dispersions demonstrate the successive wrinkles that occurred. The greater the proportion of the polymer, the greater the number of folds that occurred, which may explain the greater solubility observed in these preparations. The X-ray diffraction profile of the NCE reveals the presence of intense peaks, presenting a crystalline pattern. The polymer, on the other hand, shows amorphous nature, evidenced by the absence of peaks. All the analyzed dispersions did not present the characteristic peaks of the NCE, evidencing the amorphous behavior of the products. The thermal degradation profile of the NCE presents a characteristic crystalline structure endothermic peak. This peak was not observed in any of the obtained dispersions, evidencing the obtaining of a new solid state. Raman spectroscopy showed that peaks in the range 200-400 (cm-1) by NCE were lost when compared to all analyzed dispersions, showing a slight change in the structure of the molecule when dispersed, probably due to the formation of hydrogen bonds with the polymer. The in vitro study showed a significant improvement in the activity of the NCE against the adult worm and to the schistosomulae. It was possible to observe that the obtained solid dispersions were physicochemically and biologically viable for schistosomicidal treatment due to the increase of solubility of the molecule.
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Affiliation(s)
- Symon Paulino
- Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brazil
| | - Lucas Santos
- Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brazil
| | - Marcelo Rabello
- Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brazil
| | - Paulo da Silva
- Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brazil
| | - Jamerson Oliveira
- Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Department of Antibiotics, Brazil
| | | | - Thâmara Rocha
- Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brazil
| | - Mônica Albuquerque
- Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Department of Tropical Medicine, Brazil
| | - Victor Santos
- Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Department of Tropical Medicine, Brazil
| | - Luiz Alves
- Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Crus Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Brazil
| | - Fábio Brayner
- Aggeu Magalhães Institute, Oswaldo Crus Foundation (FIOCRUZ), Brazil
| | - Tarcyla Gomes
- Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Department of Physics, Brazil
| | - André Aires
- Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Department of Tropical Medicine, Brazil
| | - Pedro Rolim Neto
- Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brazil
| | - Rosali Silva
- Federal University of Pernambuco (UFPE), Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Brazil.
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Liu WY, Hsieh YS, Ko HH, Wu YT. Formulation Approaches to Crystalline Status Modification for Carotenoids: Impacts on Dissolution, Stability, Bioavailability, and Bioactivities. Pharmaceutics 2023; 15:pharmaceutics15020485. [PMID: 36839810 PMCID: PMC9965060 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics15020485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Carotenoids, including carotenes and xanthophylls, have been identified as bioactive ingredients in foods and are considered to possess health-promoting effects. From a biopharmaceutical perspective, several physicochemical characteristics, such as scanty water solubility, restricted dissolution, and susceptibility to oxidation may influence their oral bioavailability and eventually, their effectiveness. In this review, we have summarized various formulation approaches that deal with the modification of crystalline status for carotenoids, which may improve their physicochemical properties, oral absorption, and biological effects. The mechanisms involving crystalline alteration and the typical methods for examining crystalline states in the pharmaceutical field have been included, and representative formulation approaches are introduced to unriddle the mechanisms and effects more clearly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Yi Liu
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Shan Hsieh
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
| | - Horng-Huey Ko
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Drug Development and Value Creation Center, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (H.-H.K.); (Y.-T.W.); Tel.: +886-7-3121101 (ext. 2643) (H.-H.K.); +886-7-3121101 (ext. 2254) (Y.-T.W.)
| | - Yu-Tse Wu
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (H.-H.K.); (Y.-T.W.); Tel.: +886-7-3121101 (ext. 2643) (H.-H.K.); +886-7-3121101 (ext. 2254) (Y.-T.W.)
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Stegemann S, Moreton C, Svanbäck S, Box K, Motte G, Paudel A. Trends in oral small-molecule drug discovery and product development based on product launches before and after the Rule of Five. Drug Discov Today 2023; 28:103344. [PMID: 36442594 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2022.103344] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 09/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
In 1997, the 'Rule of Five' (Ro5) suggested physicochemical limitations for orally administered drugs, based on the analysis of chemical libraries from the early 1990s. In this review, we report on the trends in oral drug product development by analyzing products launched between 1994 and 1997 and between 2013 and 2019. Our analysis confirmed that most new oral drugs are within the Ro5 descriptors; however, the number of new drug products of drugs with molecular weight (MW) and calculated partition coefficient (clogP) beyond the Ro5 has slightly increased. Analysis revealed that there is no single scientific or technological reason for this trend, but that it likely results from incremental advances are being made in molecular biology, target diversity, drug design, medicinal chemistry, predictive modeling, drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics, and drug delivery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sven Stegemann
- Institute for Process and Particle Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria.
| | | | - Sami Svanbäck
- The Solubility Company Ltd, Viikinkaari 4, 00790 Helsinki, Finland
| | - Karl Box
- Pion Inc. (UK) Ltd, Forest Row, UK
| | - Geneviève Motte
- JEN Pharma Consulting, 182 Rue Henri Latour, 1450 Chastre, Belgium
| | - Amrit Paudel
- Institute for Process and Particle Engineering, Graz University of Technology, Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria; Research Center Pharmaceutical Engineering GmbH, Inffeldgasse 13, 8010 Graz, Austria
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Cao Z, Harmon DM, Yang R, Razumtcev A, Li M, Carlsen MS, Geiger AC, Zemlyanov D, Sherman AM, Takanti N, Rong J, Hwang Y, Taylor LS, Simpson GJ. Periodic Photobleaching with Structured Illumination for Diffusion Imaging. Anal Chem 2023; 95:2192-2202. [PMID: 36656303 DOI: 10.1021/acs.analchem.2c02950] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
The use of periodically structured illumination coupled with spatial Fourier-transform fluorescence recovery after photobleaching (FT-FRAP) was shown to support diffusivity mapping within segmented domains of arbitrary shape. Periodic "comb-bleach" patterning of the excitation beam during photobleaching encoded spatial maps of diffusion onto harmonic peaks in the spatial Fourier transform. Diffusion manifests as a simple exponential decay of a given harmonic, improving the signal to noise ratio and simplifying mathematical analysis. Image segmentation prior to Fourier transformation was shown to support pooling for signal to noise enhancement for regions of arbitrary shape expected to exhibit similar diffusivity within a domain. Following proof-of-concept analyses based on simulations with known ground-truth maps, diffusion imaging by FT-FRAP was used to map spatially-resolved diffusion differences within phase-separated domains of model amorphous solid dispersion spin-cast thin films. Notably, multi-harmonic analysis by FT-FRAP was able to definitively discriminate and quantify the roles of internal diffusion and exchange to higher mobility interfacial layers in modeling the recovery kinetics within thin amorphous/amorphous phase-separated domains, with interfacial diffusion playing a critical role in recovery. These results have direct implications for the design of amorphous systems for stable storage and efficacious delivery of therapeutic molecules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziyi Cao
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana47907, United States
| | - Dustin M Harmon
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana47907, United States
| | - Ruochen Yang
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana47907, United States
| | - Aleksandr Razumtcev
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana47907, United States
| | - Minghe Li
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana47907, United States
| | - Mark S Carlsen
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana47907, United States
| | - Andreas C Geiger
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana47907, United States
| | - Dmitry Zemlyanov
- Birck Nanotechnology Center, Purdue University, West Lafayette, Indiana47907, United States
| | - Alex M Sherman
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana47907, United States
| | - Nita Takanti
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana47907, United States
| | - Jiayue Rong
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana47907, United States
| | - Yechan Hwang
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana47907, United States
| | - Lynne S Taylor
- Department of Industrial and Physical Pharmacy, Purdue University, 575 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana47907, United States
| | - Garth J Simpson
- Department of Chemistry, Purdue University, 560 Oval Drive, West Lafayette, Indiana47907, United States
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da Costa NF, Santos IA, Fernandes AI, Pinto JF. Sulfonic Acid Derivatives in the Production of Stable Co-Amorphous Systems for Solubility Enhancement. J Pharm Sci 2022; 111:3327-3339. [PMID: 36007560 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/17/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Co-amorphization is a promising approach to stabilize drugs in the amorphous form. Olanzapine, a poorly water-soluble drug was used in this study. Sulfonic acids (saccharin, cyclamic acid and acesulfame), free and in salt forms, were used as co-formers and compared with carboxylic acids commonly used in the preparation of co-amorphous systems. Several manufacturing techniques were tested, and the co-amorphous systems characterized by differential scanning calorimetry, X-ray powder diffraction, thermogravimetry and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy. Free sulfonic acids produced co-amorphous systems with the drug, unlike their salts. Spectroscopy data suggests the formation of salts between olanzapine and the sulfonic acids, used as co-formers. The co-amorphous system produced with saccharin by solvent evaporation, showed the most notable solubility enhancement (145 times). The stability of amorphous and co-amorphous olanzapine systems was assessed upon exposure to stress conditions during storage. Amorphized olanzapine readily reconverted back to the crystalline form while sulfonic acids:olanzapine co-amorphous were stable for up to 24 weeks in low/medium humidity conditions (11-75% RH). Results highlight the potential advantages offered by sulfonic acids as co-formers to produce stable and more soluble co-amorphous olanzapine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nuno F da Costa
- iMed.ULisboa - Research Institute for Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Inês A Santos
- iMed.ULisboa - Research Institute for Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal; CiiEM - Interdisciplinary Research Center Egas Moniz, Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal
| | - Ana I Fernandes
- CiiEM - Interdisciplinary Research Center Egas Moniz, Instituto Universitário Egas Moniz, Quinta da Granja, Monte de Caparica, 2829-511 Caparica, Portugal
| | - João F Pinto
- iMed.ULisboa - Research Institute for Medicines, Faculdade de Farmácia, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Prof. Gama Pinto, 1649-003 Lisboa, Portugal.
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Jia W, Yawman PD, Pandya KM, Sluga K, Ng T, Kou D, Nagapudi K, Luner PE, Zhu A, Zhang S, Hou HH. Assessing the Interrelationship of Microstructure, Properties, Drug Release Performance, and Preparation Process for Amorphous Solid Dispersions Via Noninvasive Imaging Analytics and Material Characterization. Pharm Res 2022; 39:3137-3154. [PMID: 35661085 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-022-03308-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE The purpose of this work is to evaluate the interrelationship of microstructure, properties, and dissolution performance for amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) prepared using different methods. METHODS ASD of GDC-0810 (50% w/w) with HPMC-AS was prepared using methods of spray drying and co-precipitation via resonant acoustic mixing. Microstructure, particulate and bulk powder properties, and dissolution performance were characterized for GDC-0810 ASDs. In addition to application of typical physical characterization tools, we have applied X-Ray Microscopy (XRM) to assess the contribution of microstructure to the characteristics of ASDs and obtain additional quantification and understanding of the drug product intermediates and tablets. RESULTS Both methods of spray drying and co-precipitation produced single-phase ASDs. Distinct differences in microstructure, particle size distribution, specific surface area, bulk and tapped density, were observed between GDC-0810 spray dried dispersion (SDD) and co-precipitated amorphous dispersion (cPAD) materials. The cPAD powders prepared by the resonant acoustic mixing process demonstrated superior compactibility compared to the SDD, while the compressibility of the ASDs were comparable. Both SDD powder and tablets showed higher in vitro dissolution than those of cPAD powders. XRM calculated total solid external surface area (SA) normalized by calculated total solid volume (SV) shows a strong correlation with micro dissolution data. CONCLUSION Strong interrelationship of microstructure, physical properties, and dissolution performance was observed for GDC-0810 ASDs. XRM image-based analysis is a powerful tool to assess the contribution of microstructure to the characteristics of ASDs and provide mechanistic understanding of the interrelationship.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Jia
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | - Phillip D Yawman
- DigiM Solution LLC, 67 South Bedford Street, Suite 400 West, Burlington, Massachusetts, 01803, USA
| | - Keyur M Pandya
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | - Kellie Sluga
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | - Tania Ng
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | - Dawen Kou
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | - Karthik Nagapudi
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA
| | - Paul E Luner
- DigiM Solution LLC, 67 South Bedford Street, Suite 400 West, Burlington, Massachusetts, 01803, USA.,Triform Sciences LLC, Waterford, Connecticut, 06385, USA
| | - Aiden Zhu
- DigiM Solution LLC, 67 South Bedford Street, Suite 400 West, Burlington, Massachusetts, 01803, USA
| | - Shawn Zhang
- DigiM Solution LLC, 67 South Bedford Street, Suite 400 West, Burlington, Massachusetts, 01803, USA
| | - Hao Helen Hou
- Small Molecule Pharmaceutical Sciences, Genentech Inc., 1 DNA Way, South San Francisco, California, 94080, USA.
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Solventless amorphization and pelletization using a high shear granulator. Part II; Preparation of co-amorphous mixture-layered pellets using indomethacin and arginine. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2022; 181:183-194. [PMID: 36400253 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2022.11.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the preparation of co-amorphous mixture-layered pellets using solventless pelletization and amorphization using a high shear granulator (as suggested in the first part of this study) by high shear mixing of drug crystals and a crystalline co-former with inactive spheres. Mixtures of crystalline indomethacin and arginine at various molar ratios were mixed with microcrystalline cellulose spheres at a weight ratio of 1:10 using the granulator and the resulting particles were characterized using solid-state and particle analytical techniques as well as dissolution testing and physical stability. At jacket temperatures of 20 °C or more of the granulator, co-processing of indomethacin and arginine enhanced amorphization of indomethacin and provided a co-amorphous mixture due to homogenous mixing of indomethacin and arginine amorphous phases. The co-amorphous mixture was deposited on the surface of the spheres, yielding co-amorphous mixture-layered pellets. The co-amorphous mixtures at molar ratios of indomethacin to arginine of 2:1 and 1:1, deposited on the pellets, did not recrystallize for at least 4 weeks. The pellets exhibited higher dissolution characteristics as additional hypromellose could prevent precipitation. These findings demonstrate the potential of this technique as a solventless approach to prepare co-amorphous mixture-layered pellets through a one-step process.
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40
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Su M, Zhang J, Li Z, Wei Y, Zhang J, Pang Z, Gao Y, Qian S, Heng W. Recent advances on small molecular gels: formation mechanism and their application in pharmaceutical fields. Expert Opin Drug Deliv 2022; 19:1597-1617. [PMID: 36259939 DOI: 10.1080/17425247.2022.2138329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION As an essential complement to chemically cross-linked macromolecular gels, drug delivery systems based on small molecular gels formed under the driving forces of non-covalent interactions are attracting considerable research interest due to their potential advantages of high structural functionality, lower biological toxicity, reversible stimulus-response, and so on. AREA COVERED The present review summarizes recent advances in small molecular gels and provides their updates as a comprehensive overview in terms of gelation mechanism, gel properties, and physicochemical characterizations. In particular, this manuscript reviews the effects of drug-based small molecular gels on the drug development and their potential applications in the pharmaceutical fields. EXPERT OPINION Small molecular-based gel systems, constructed by inactive compounds or active pharmaceutical ingredients, have been extensively studied as carriers for drug delivery in pharmaceutical field, such as oral formulations, injectable formulations, and transdermal formulations. However, the construction of such gel systems yet faces several challenges such as rational and efficient design of functional gelators and the great occasionality of drug-based gel formation. Thus, a deeper understanding of the gelation mechanism and its relationship with gel properties will be conducive to the construction of small molecular gels systems and their future application.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Su
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jingwen Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zudi Li
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuanfeng Wei
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Jianjun Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zunting Pang
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan Gao
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shuai Qian
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Weili Heng
- School of Traditional Chinese Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
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41
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Wang B, Wang X, Zhu Y, Yin T, Gou J, Wang Y, He H, Zhang Y, Tang X. Characterization of nimodipine amorphous nanopowder prepared by quenching cooling combined with wet milling and spray drying. Int J Pharm 2022; 628:122332. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 10/02/2022] [Accepted: 10/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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42
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Kapourani A, Chachlioutaki K, Andriotis EG, Fatouros DG, Barmpalexis P. Evaluating PAA/PVA thermal crosslinking process during the preparation of in-situ high-drug loading amorphous solid dispersions. J Drug Deliv Sci Technol 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jddst.2022.104030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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43
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Recent Advances in Amorphous Solid Dispersions: Preformulation, Formulation Strategies, Technological Advancements and Characterization. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14102203. [PMID: 36297638 PMCID: PMC9609913 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102203] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Revised: 09/27/2022] [Accepted: 10/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) are among the most popular and widely studied solubility enhancement techniques. Since their inception in the early 1960s, the formulation development of ASDs has undergone tremendous progress. For instance, the method of preparing ASDs evolved from solvent-based approaches to solvent-free methods such as hot melt extrusion and Kinetisol®. The formulation approaches have advanced from employing a single polymeric carrier to multiple carriers with plasticizers to improve the stability and performance of ASDs. Major excipient manufacturers recognized the potential of ASDs and began introducing specialty excipients ideal for formulating ASDs. In addition to traditional techniques such as differential scanning calorimeter (DSC) and X-ray crystallography, recent innovations such as nano-tomography, transmission electron microscopy (TEM), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and X-ray microscopy support a better understanding of the microstructure of ASDs. The purpose of this review is to highlight the recent advancements in the field of ASDs with respect to formulation approaches, methods of preparation, and advanced characterization techniques.
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Nano-Dry-Melting: A Novel Technology for Manufacturing of Pharmaceutical Amorphous Solid Dispersions. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14102145. [PMID: 36297580 PMCID: PMC9608596 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14102145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Abstract
Amorphous solid dispersions (ASD) are one of the most prominent formulation approaches to overcome bioavailability issues that are often presented by new poorly soluble drug candidates. State-of-the art manufacturing techniques include hot melt extrusion and solvent-based methods like spray drying. The high thermal and mechanical shear stress during hot melt extrusion, or the use of an organic solvent during solvent-based methods, are examples of clear drawbacks for those methods, limiting their applicability for certain systems. In this work a novel process technology is introduced, called Nano-Dry-Melting (NDM), which can provide an alternative option for ASD manufacturing. NDM consists of a comminution step in which the drug is ground to nanosize and a drying step provides a complete amorphization of the system at temperatures below the melting point. Two drug–polymer systems were prepared using NDM with a wet media mill and a spray dryer and analyzed regarding their degree of crystallinity using XRD analysis. Feasibility studies were performed with indomethacin and PVP. Furthermore, a “proof-of-concept” study was conducted with niclosamide. The experiments successfully led to amorphous samples at temperatures of about 50 K below the melting point within seconds of heat exposition. With this novel, solvent-free and therefore “green” production technology it is feasible to manufacture ASDs even with those drug candidates that cannot be processed by conventional process technologies.
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Development of a multiparticulate drug delivery system for in situ amorphisation. Eur J Pharm Biopharm 2022; 180:170-180. [PMID: 36191869 DOI: 10.1016/j.ejpb.2022.09.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
In the current study, the concept of multiparticulate drug delivery systems (MDDS) was applied to tablets intended for the amorphisation of supersaturated granular ASDs in situ, i.e. amorphisation by microwave irradiation within the final dosage form. The MDDS concept was hypothesised to ensure geometric and structural stability of the dosage form and to improve the in vitro disintegration and dissolution characteristics. Granules were prepared in two sizes (small and large) containing the crystalline drug celecoxib (CCX) and polyvinylpyrrolidone/vinyl acetate copolymer (PVP/VA) at a 50 % w/w drug load as well as sodium dihydrogen phosphate monohydrate as the microwave absorbing excipient. The granules were subsequently embedded in an extra-granular tablet phase composed of either the filler microcrystalline cellulose (MCC) or mannitol (MAN), as well as the disintegrant crospovidone and the lubricant magnesium stearate. The tensile strength and disintegration time were investigated prior to and after 10 min of microwave irradiation (800 and 1000 W) and the formed ASDs were characterised by X-ray powder diffraction and modulated differential scanning calorimetry. Additionally, the internal structure was elucidated by X-ray micro-Computed Tomography (XµCT) and, finally, the dissolution performance of selected tablets was investigated. The MDDS tablets displayed no geometrical changes after microwave irradiation, however, the tensile strength and disintegration time increased. Complete amorphisation of CCX was achieved only for the MCC-based tablets at a power input of 1000 W, while MAN-based tablets displayed partial amorphisation independent of power input. The complete amorphisation of CCX was associated with the fusion of individual ASD granules within the tablets, which impacted the subsequent disintegration and dissolution performance. For these tablets, supersaturation was only observed after 60 min. On the other hand, the partially amorphised MDDS tablets displayed complete disintegration during the dissolution experiments, resulting in a fast onset of supersaturation within 5 min and an approx. 3.5-fold degree of supersaturation within the experimental timeframe (3 h). Overall, the MDDS concept was shown to potentially be a feasible dosage form for in situ amorphisation, however, there is still room for improvement to obtain a fully amorphous and disintegrating system.
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High Bulk-Density Amorphous Dispersions to Enable Direct Compression of Reduced Tablet Size Amorphous Dosage Units. J Pharm Sci 2022:S0022-3549(22)00409-9. [PMID: 36115592 DOI: 10.1016/j.xphs.2022.09.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 09/08/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) are an attractive option to improve the bioavailability of poorly water-soluble compounds. However, the material attributes of ASDs can present formulation and processability challenges, which are often mitigated by the addition of excipients albeit at the expense of tablet size. In this work, an ASD manufacturing train combining co-precipitation and thin film evaporation (TFE) was used to generate high bulk-density co-precipitated amorphous dispersion (cPAD). The cPAD/TFE material was directly compressed into tablets at amorphous solid dispersion loadings up to 89 wt%, representing a greater than 60% reduction in tablet size relative to formulated tablets containing spray dried intermediate (SDI). This high ASD loading was possible due to densification of the amorphous dispersion during drying by TFE. Pharmacokinetic performance of the TFE-isolated, co-precipitated dispersion was shown to be equivalent to an SDI formulation. These data highlight the downstream advantages of this novel ASD manufacturing pathway to facilitate reduced tablet size via high ASD loading in directly compressed tablets.
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Emam MF, El-Ashmawy AA, Mursi NM, Emara LH. Optimization of Meloxicam Solid Dispersion Formulations for Dissolution Enhancement and Storage Stability Using 3 3 Full Factorial Design Based on Response Surface Methodology. AAPS PharmSciTech 2022; 23:248. [PMID: 36056201 DOI: 10.1208/s12249-022-02394-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to formulate and optimize solid-dispersion of meloxicam (MX) employing response-surface-methodology (RSM). RSM allowed identification of the main effects and interactions between studied factors on MX dissolution and acceleration of the optimization process. 33 full factorial design with 27 different formulations was proposed. Effects of drug loading percentage (A), carriers' ratio (B), method of preparation (C), and their interactions on percent MX dissolved after 10 and 30 min (Q10min & Q30min) from fresh and stored samples were studied in distilled water. The considered levels were 2.5%, 5.0%, and 7.5% (factor A), three ratios of Soluplus®/Poloxamer-407 (factor B). Physical mixture (PM), fusion method (FM), and hot-melt-extrusion (HME) were considered factor (C). Stability studies were carried out for 3 months under stress conditions. The proposed optimization design was validated by 3-extra checkpoints formulations. The optimized formulation was selected via numerical optimization and investigated by DSC, XRD, PLM, and in vitro dissolution study. Results showed that HME technique gave the highest MX dissolution rate compared to other techniques (FM & PM). At constant level of factor (C), the amount of MX dissolved increased by decreasing MX loading and increasing Soluplus in carriers' ratio. Actual responses of the optimized formulation were in close consistency with predicted data. Amorphous form of MX in the optimized formulation was proved by DSC, XRD, and PLM. Selected factors and their levels of the optimization design were significantly valuable for demonstrating and adapting the expected formulation characteristics for rapid dissolution of MX (Q10min= 89.09%) from fresh and stored samples.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maha F Emam
- Industrial Pharmacy Laboratory, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre (Affiliation ID: 10014618), 33 EL Bohouth St. (former EL Tahrir St.), Dokki, P.O.12622, Giza, Egypt.
| | - Ahmed A El-Ashmawy
- Industrial Pharmacy Laboratory, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre (Affiliation ID: 10014618), 33 EL Bohouth St. (former EL Tahrir St.), Dokki, P.O.12622, Giza, Egypt
| | - Nadia M Mursi
- Department of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, 11562, Egypt
| | - Laila H Emara
- Industrial Pharmacy Laboratory, Medicinal and Pharmaceutical Chemistry Department, Pharmaceutical and Drug Industries Research Institute, National Research Centre (Affiliation ID: 10014618), 33 EL Bohouth St. (former EL Tahrir St.), Dokki, P.O.12622, Giza, Egypt
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Pugliese A, Tobyn M, Hawarden LE, Abraham A, Blanc F. New Development in Understanding Drug-Polymer Interactions in Pharmaceutical Amorphous Solid Dispersions from Solid-State Nuclear Magnetic Resonance. Mol Pharm 2022; 19:3685-3699. [PMID: 36037249 DOI: 10.1021/acs.molpharmaceut.2c00479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Pharmaceutical amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) represent a widely used technology to increase the bioavailability of active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs). ASDs are based on an amorphous API dispersed in a polymer, and their stability is driven by the presence of strong intermolecular interactions between these two species (e.g., hydrogen bond, electrostatic interactions, etc.). The understanding of these interactions at the atomic level is therefore crucial, and solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) has demonstrated itself as a very powerful technique for probing API-polymer interactions. Other reviews have also reported exciting approaches to study the structures and dynamic properties of ASDs and largely focused on the study of API-polymer miscibility and on the identification of API-polymer interactions. Considering the increased use of NMR in the field, the aim of this Review is to specifically highlight recent experimental strategies used to identify API-polymer interactions and report promising recent examples using one-dimensional (1D) and two-dimensional (2D) experiments by exploiting the following emerging approaches of very-high magnetic field and ultrafast magic angle spinning (MAS). A range of different ASDs spanning APIs and polymers with varied structural motifs is targeted to illustrate new ways to understand the mechanism of stability of ASDs to enable the design of new dispersions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea Pugliese
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom
| | - Michael Tobyn
- Drug Product Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Moreton CH46 1QW, United Kingdom
| | - Lucy E Hawarden
- Drug Product Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, Moreton CH46 1QW, United Kingdom
| | - Anuji Abraham
- Drug Product Development, Bristol-Myers Squibb, New Brunswick, New Jersey 08903, United States
| | - Frédéric Blanc
- Department of Chemistry, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZD, United Kingdom.,Stephenson Institute for Renewable Energy, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZF, United Kingdom
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Gottschalk T, Özbay C, Feuerbach T, Thommes M. Predicting Throughput and Melt Temperature in Pharmaceutical Hot Melt Extrusion. Pharmaceutics 2022; 14:pharmaceutics14091757. [PMID: 36145505 PMCID: PMC9502425 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics14091757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 08/18/2022] [Accepted: 08/19/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Even though hot melt extrusion (HME) is a commonly applied process in the pharmaceutical area, determination of the optimal process parameters is demanding. The goal of this study was to find a rational approach for predetermining suitable extrusion parameters, with a focus on material temperature and throughput. A two-step optimization procedure, called scale-independent optimization strategy (SIOS), was applied and developed further, including the use of an autogenic extrusion mode. Three different polymers (Plasdone S-630, Soluplus, and Eudragit EPO) were considered, and different optimal process parameters were assessed. The maximum barrel load was dependent on the polymers’ bulk density and the extruder size. The melt temperature was influenced by the screw speed and the rheological behavior of the polymer. The melt viscosity depended mainly on the screw speed and was self-adjusted in the autogenic extrusion. A new approach, called SIOS 2.0, was suggested for calculating the extrusion process parameters (screw speed, melt temperature and throughput) based on the material data and a few extrusion experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Gottschalk
- Laboratory of Solids Process Engineering, Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund University, Emil-Figge-Str. 68, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
- INVITE GmbH, Drug Delivery Innovation Center, Chempark Building W32, 51368 Leverkusen, Germany
| | - Cihangir Özbay
- Laboratory of Solids Process Engineering, Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund University, Emil-Figge-Str. 68, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
| | - Tim Feuerbach
- INVITE GmbH, Drug Delivery Innovation Center, Chempark Building W32, 51368 Leverkusen, Germany
| | - Markus Thommes
- Laboratory of Solids Process Engineering, Department of Biochemical and Chemical Engineering, TU Dortmund University, Emil-Figge-Str. 68, 44227 Dortmund, Germany
- Correspondence: or
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50
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Holm TP, Knopp MM, Berthelsen R, Löbmann K. Supersaturated amorphous solid dispersions of celecoxib prepared by in situ microwave irradiation. Int J Pharm 2022; 626:122115. [PMID: 35985526 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2022.122115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2022] [Revised: 07/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
This study investigated the ability of in situ amorphization using microwave irradiation in order to prepare highly supersaturated ASDs, i.e. ASDs with drug loads higher than the saturation solubility in the polymer at ambient temperature. For this purpose, compacts containing the crystalline drug celecoxib (CCX) and polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP), polyvinylpyrrolidone-vinyl acetate copolymer (PVP/VA), or polyvinyl acetate (PVAc), were prepared at drug loads between 30-90 % w/w. Sodium dihydrogen phosphate (NaH2PO4) monohydrate was included in all compacts, as a source of water, to facilitate the dielectric heating of the compacts upon dehydration during microwave irradiation. After processing, the samples were analysed towards their solid state using X-ray powder diffraction (XRPD) and modulated differential scanning calorimetry (mDSC). Complete amorphisation of CCX was achieved across all the investigated polymers and with a maximal drug load of 90, 80, and 50 % w/w in PVP, PVP/VA, and PVAc, respectively. These drug loads corresponded to a 2.3-, 2.4-, and 10.0-fold supersaturation in the investigated polymers at ambient temperature. However, dissolution experiments with the in situ prepared ASDs in fasted state simulated intestinal fluid (FaSSIF), showed a lower initial drug release (0-2 hours) compared to equivalent physical mixtures of crystalline CCX and polymers or crystalline CCX alone. The lower drug release rate was explained by the fusion of individual drug and polymer particles during microwave irradiation and, subsequently, a lack of disintegration of the monolithic ASDs. Nevertheless, supersaturation of CCX in FaSSIF was achieved with the in situ amorphised ASDs with PVP and PVP/VA, albeit only after 3-24 h. Overall, the present study confirmed that it is feasible to prepare supersaturated ASDs in situ. However, in the current experimental setup, the monolithic nature of the resulting ASDs is considered a limiting factor in the practical applicability of this preparation method, due to limited disintegration and the associated negative effect on the drug release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Palle Holm
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | | | - Ragna Berthelsen
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Korbinian Löbmann
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Denmark.
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