1
|
Mutgan AC, Radic N, Valzano F, Crnkovic S, El-Merhie N, Evermann M, Hoetzenecker K, Foris V, Brcic L, Marsh LM, Tran-Lundmark K, Jandl K, Kwapiszewska G. A comprehensive map of proteoglycan expression and deposition in the pulmonary arterial wall in health and pulmonary hypertension. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2024; 327:L173-L188. [PMID: 38771138 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00022.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 05/07/2024] [Accepted: 05/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Changes in the extracellular matrix of pulmonary arteries (PAs) are a key aspect of vascular remodeling in pulmonary hypertension (PH). Yet, our understanding of the alterations affecting the proteoglycan (PG) family remains limited. We sought to investigate the expression and spatial distribution of major vascular PGs in PAs from healthy individuals and various PH groups (chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: PH-COPD, pulmonary fibrosis: PH-PF, idiopathic: IPAH). PG regulation, deposition, and synthesis were notably heightened in IPAH, followed by PH-PF, with minor alterations in PH-COPD. Single-cell analysis unveiled cell-type and disease-specific PG regulation. Agrin expression, a basement membrane PG, was increased in IPAH, with PA endothelial cells (PAECs) identified as a major source. PA smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) mainly produced large-PGs, aggrecan and versican, and small-leucine-like proteoglycan (SLRP) biglycan, whereas the major PGs produced by adventitial fibroblasts were SLRP decorin and lumican. In IPAH and PF-PH, the neointima-forming PASMC population increased the expression of all investigated large-PGs and SLRPs, except fibroblast-predominant decorin (DCN). Expression of lumican, versican, and biglycan also positively correlated with collagen 1α1/1α2 expression in PASMCs in patients with IPAH and PH-PF. We demonstrated that transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) regulates versican and biglycan expression, indicating their contribution to vessel fibrosis in IPAH and PF-PH. We furthermore show that certain circulating PG levels display a disease-dependent pattern, with increased decorin and lumican across all patient groups, while versican was elevated in PH-COPD and IPAH and biglycan reduced in IPAH. These findings suggest unique compartment-specific PG regulation in different forms of PH, indicating distinct pathological processes.NEW & NOTEWORTHY Idiopathic pulmonary arterial hypertension (IPAH) pulmonary arteries (PAs) displayed the greatest proteoglycan (PG) changes, with PH associated with pulmonary fibrosis (PH-PF) and PH associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (PH-COPD) following. Agrin, an endothelial cell-specific PG, was solely upregulated in IPAH. Among all cells, neo-intima-forming smooth muscle cells (SMCs) displayed the most significant PG increase. Increased levels of circulating decorin, lumican, and versican, mainly derived from SMCs, and adventitial fibroblasts, may serve as systemic indicators of pulmonary remodeling, reflecting perivascular fibrosis and neointima formation.
Collapse
MESH Headings
- Humans
- Pulmonary Artery/metabolism
- Pulmonary Artery/pathology
- Proteoglycans/metabolism
- Male
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/metabolism
- Hypertension, Pulmonary/pathology
- Female
- Middle Aged
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/metabolism
- Myocytes, Smooth Muscle/pathology
- Vascular Remodeling
- Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/metabolism
- Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/pathology
- Endothelial Cells/metabolism
- Endothelial Cells/pathology
- Aged
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/metabolism
- Muscle, Smooth, Vascular/pathology
- Biglycan/metabolism
- Decorin/metabolism
- Adult
- Fibroblasts/metabolism
- Fibroblasts/pathology
- Pulmonary Fibrosis/metabolism
- Pulmonary Fibrosis/pathology
- Lumican/metabolism
- Extracellular Matrix/metabolism
- Extracellular Matrix/pathology
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ayse Ceren Mutgan
- Division of Physiology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
| | - Nemanja Radic
- Division of Physiology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Francesco Valzano
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
| | - Slaven Crnkovic
- Division of Physiology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
- Institute for Lung Health, Cardiopulmonary Institute, Member of the German Lung Center (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Natalia El-Merhie
- Institute for Lung Health, Cardiopulmonary Institute, Member of the German Lung Center (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| | - Matthias Evermann
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Konrad Hoetzenecker
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vasile Foris
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
- Division of Pulmonology, Department of Internal Medicine, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Luka Brcic
- Diagnostic and Research Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Leigh M Marsh
- Division of Physiology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
| | - Karin Tran-Lundmark
- Department of Experimental Medical Science, Faculty of Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- Wallenberg Center for Molecular Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
- The Pediatric Heart Center, Skåne University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
| | - Katharina Jandl
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
- Division of Pharmacology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
| | - Grazyna Kwapiszewska
- Division of Physiology, Otto Loewi Research Center, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria
- Ludwig Boltzmann Institute for Lung Vascular Research, Graz, Austria
- Institute for Lung Health, Cardiopulmonary Institute, Member of the German Lung Center (DZL), Giessen, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Boraldi F, Lofaro FD, Bonacorsi S, Mazzilli A, Garcia-Fernandez M, Quaglino D. The Role of Fibroblasts in Skin Homeostasis and Repair. Biomedicines 2024; 12:1586. [PMID: 39062158 PMCID: PMC11274439 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12071586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2024] [Revised: 07/08/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Fibroblasts are typical mesenchymal cells widely distributed throughout the human body where they (1) synthesise and maintain the extracellular matrix, ensuring the structural role of soft connective tissues; (2) secrete cytokines and growth factors; (3) communicate with each other and with other cell types, acting as signalling source for stem cell niches; and (4) are involved in tissue remodelling, wound healing, fibrosis, and cancer. This review focuses on the developmental heterogeneity of dermal fibroblasts, on their ability to sense changes in biomechanical properties of the surrounding extracellular matrix, and on their role in aging, in skin repair, in pathologic conditions and in tumour development. Moreover, we describe the use of fibroblasts in different models (e.g., in vivo animal models and in vitro systems from 2D to 6D cultures) for tissue bioengineering and the informative potential of high-throughput assays for the study of fibroblasts under different disease contexts for personalized healthcare and regenerative medicine applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Federica Boraldi
- Department of Life Science, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (F.D.L.); (S.B.); (A.M.)
| | - Francesco Demetrio Lofaro
- Department of Life Science, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (F.D.L.); (S.B.); (A.M.)
| | - Susanna Bonacorsi
- Department of Life Science, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (F.D.L.); (S.B.); (A.M.)
| | - Alessia Mazzilli
- Department of Life Science, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (F.D.L.); (S.B.); (A.M.)
| | - Maria Garcia-Fernandez
- Department of Human Physiology, Institute of Biomedical Investigation (IBIMA), University of Málaga, 29010 Málaga, Spain;
| | - Daniela Quaglino
- Department of Life Science, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, 41125 Modena, Italy; (F.D.L.); (S.B.); (A.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Kumar B, Mishra M, Talreja D, Cashman S, Kumar-Singh R. Cell-Penetrating Chaperone Nuc1 for Small- and Large-Molecule Delivery Into Retinal Cells and Tissues. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 2024; 65:31. [PMID: 39028980 PMCID: PMC11262537 DOI: 10.1167/iovs.65.8.31] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 06/20/2024] [Indexed: 07/21/2024] Open
Abstract
Purpose There are currently no means available for the efficient delivery of recombinant proteins into retinal cells in vivo. Although cell-penetrating peptides have been somewhat effective in protein delivery to the retina, they generally require conjugation chemistry with the payload, negatively impacting function of the therapeutic protein. In this study, we developed a novel peptide (Nuc1) that acts as a chaperone for delivery of small and large molecules, including steroids, peptides, antibodies, recombinant proteins, and viruses (adeno-associated viruses [AAVs]) across biological membranes in vivo without the need for conjugation. Methods Nuc1 peptide was designed based on sequences known to bind heparan sulfate proteoglycans and nucleolin found on the surface of retinal cells. Nuc1 was injected into the vitreous of mice with a variety of molecules and retinas examined for uptake and function of these molecules. Results Nuc1 engages the process of macropynocytosis for cell entry. The delivery of functional recombinant X-linked inhibitor of apoptosis protein to photoreceptors via the intravitreal route of injection inhibited retinal apoptosis. Nuc1 was found to enhance the delivery of anti-VEGF antibodies delivered intravitreally or topically in models of age-related macular degeneration (AMD). Nuc1 enhanced delivery of decorin, facilitating significant inhibition of neovascularization and fibrosis in a model of AMD. Finally, Nuc1 was found to enhance penetration of retinal cells and tissues by AAV via both the subretinal and intravitreal routes of injection. Conclusions Nuc1 shows promise as a novel approach for the delivery of recombinant proteins into retinal cells in vivo.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Binit Kumar
- Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Manish Mishra
- Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Deepa Talreja
- Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Siobhan Cashman
- Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| | - Rajendra Kumar-Singh
- Department of Developmental, Molecular and Chemical Biology, Tufts University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, United States
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Arora R, Kaur M, Kumar A, Chhabra P, Mir MA, Ahlawat S, Singh MK, Sharma R, Gera R. Skeletal muscle transcriptomics of sheep acclimated to cold desert and tropical regions identifies genes and pathways accentuating their diversity. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BIOMETEOROLOGY 2024:10.1007/s00484-024-02708-3. [PMID: 38814475 DOI: 10.1007/s00484-024-02708-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2023] [Revised: 04/29/2024] [Accepted: 05/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/31/2024]
Abstract
The current study attempts to investigate the differences in gene expression in longissimus thoracis muscles between sheep breeds acclimated to diverse environments. Changthangi sheep inhabits the cold arid plateau of Ladakh, at an altitude above 3000 m with prevalence of rarefied atmosphere. Muzzafarnagri sheep, on the other hand is found in the sub-tropical hot and humid plains at an altitude of about 250 m. Comparative transcriptomics was used to provide a molecular perspective of the differential adaptation of the two breeds. RNA sequencing data was generated from four biological replicates of the longissimus thoracis muscles from both breeds. The common genes expressed in both breeds were involved in muscle contraction and muscle fibre organization. The most significant pathways enriched in Changthangi muscles were glycogen metabolism, reduction of cytosolic Ca++ levels and NFE2L2 regulating anti-oxidant, while those in Muzzafarnagri were extracellular matrix organization and collagen formation. The hub genes identified in Changthangi were involved in hematopoiesis and HIF signaling pathway, suggesting the molecular acclimatization of Changthangi to the high altitude cold desert of Ladakh. The nodal genes discovered in Muzzafarnagri sheep were associated with the extracellular matrix which accentuates its significance in the development, growth and repair of muscles. The observed transcriptomic differences underscore the morphological and adaptive disparity between the two breeds. The candidate genes and pathways identified in this study will form the basis for future research on adaptation to high altitude and body size in small ruminants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Reena Arora
- ICAR-National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, G T Road By-Pass, P O Box 129, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India.
| | - Mandeep Kaur
- ICAR-National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, G T Road By-Pass, P O Box 129, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Ashish Kumar
- ICAR-National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, G T Road By-Pass, P O Box 129, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Pooja Chhabra
- ICAR-National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, G T Road By-Pass, P O Box 129, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Mohsin Ayoub Mir
- Shere Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, Shuhama, Aulestang, 190006, Kashmir, India
| | - Sonika Ahlawat
- ICAR-National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, G T Road By-Pass, P O Box 129, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Manoj Kumar Singh
- ICAR-Central Institute for Research on Goats, Makhdoom, Farah, Mathura, 281122, Uttar Pradesh, India
| | - Rekha Sharma
- ICAR-National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, G T Road By-Pass, P O Box 129, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India
| | - Ritika Gera
- ICAR-National Bureau of Animal Genetic Resources, G T Road By-Pass, P O Box 129, Karnal, 132001, Haryana, India
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Jokelainen O, Rintala TJ, Fortino V, Pasonen-Seppänen S, Sironen R, Nykopp TK. Differential expression analysis identifies a prognostically significant extracellular matrix-enriched gene signature in hyaluronan-positive clear cell renal cell carcinoma. Sci Rep 2024; 14:10626. [PMID: 38724670 PMCID: PMC11082176 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-024-61426-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Hyaluronan (HA) accumulation in clear cell renal cell carcinoma (ccRCC) is associated with poor prognosis; however, its biology and role in tumorigenesis are unknown. RNA sequencing of 48 HA-positive and 48 HA-negative formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded (FFPE) samples was performed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEG). The DEGs were subjected to pathway and gene enrichment analyses. The Cancer Genome Atlas Kidney Renal Clear Cell Carcinoma (TCGA-KIRC) data and DEGs were used for the cluster analysis. In total, 129 DEGs were identified. HA-positive tumors exhibited enhanced expression of genes related to extracellular matrix (ECM) organization and ECM receptor interaction pathways. Gene set enrichment analysis showed that epithelial-mesenchymal transition-associated genes were highly enriched in the HA-positive phenotype. A protein-protein interaction network was constructed, and 17 hub genes were discovered. Heatmap analysis of TCGA-KIRC data identified two prognostic clusters corresponding to HA-positive and HA-negative phenotypes. These clusters were used to verify the expression levels and conduct survival analysis of the hub genes, 11 of which were linked to poor prognosis. These findings enhance our understanding of hyaluronan in ccRCC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Otto Jokelainen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland.
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Teemu J Rintala
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Vittorio Fortino
- Institute of Biomedicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Reijo Sironen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Pathology and Forensic Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio Campus, P.O. Box 1627, 70211, Kuopio, Finland
- Department of Clinical Pathology, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
| | - Timo K Nykopp
- Department of Surgery, Kuopio University Hospital, Kuopio, Finland
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Surgery, University of Eastern Finland, Kuopio, Finland
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Aljagthmi WA, Alasmari MA, Daghestani MH, Al-Kharashi LA, Al-Mohanna FH, Aboussekhra A. Decorin (DCN) Downregulation Activates Breast Stromal Fibroblasts and Promotes Their Pro-Carcinogenic Effects through the IL-6/STAT3/AUF1 Signaling. Cells 2024; 13:680. [PMID: 38667295 PMCID: PMC11049637 DOI: 10.3390/cells13080680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2024] [Revised: 03/21/2024] [Accepted: 03/27/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Decorin (DCN), a member of the small leucine-rich proteoglycan gene family, is secreted from stromal fibroblasts with non-cell-autonomous anti-breast-cancer effects. Therefore, in the present study, we sought to elucidate the function of decorin in breast stromal fibroblasts (BSFs). We first showed DCN downregulation in active cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAFs) compared to their adjacent tumor counterpart fibroblasts at both the mRNA and protein levels. Interestingly, breast cancer cells and the recombinant IL-6 protein, both known to activate fibroblasts in vitro, downregulated DCN in BSFs. Moreover, specific DCN knockdown in breast fibroblasts modulated the expression/secretion of several CAF biomarkers and cancer-promoting proteins (α-SMA, FAP- α, SDF-1 and IL-6) and enhanced the invasion/proliferation abilities of these cells through activation of the STAT3/AUF1 signaling. Furthermore, DCN-deficient fibroblasts promoted the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition and stemness processes in BC cells in a paracrine manner, which increased their resistance to cisplatin. These DCN-deficient fibroblasts also enhanced angiogenesis and orthotopic tumor growth in mice in a paracrine manner. On the other hand, ectopic expression of DCN in CAFs suppressed their active features and their paracrine pro-carcinogenic effects. Together, the present findings indicate that endogenous DCN suppresses the pro-carcinogenic and pro-metastatic effects of breast stromal fibroblasts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wafaa A. Aljagthmi
- Department of Molecular Oncology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Manal A. Alasmari
- Department of Molecular Oncology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Maha H. Daghestani
- Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia
| | - Layla A. Al-Kharashi
- Department of Molecular Oncology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, King Saud University, Riyadh 11495, Saudi Arabia
| | - Falah H. Al-Mohanna
- Department of Comparative Medicine, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdelilah Aboussekhra
- Department of Molecular Oncology, King Faisal Specialist Hospital and Research Center, Riyadh 11211, Saudi Arabia
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Tanino Y. Roles of extracellular matrix in lung diseases. Fukushima J Med Sci 2024; 70:1-9. [PMID: 38267030 PMCID: PMC10867433 DOI: 10.5387/fms.2023-07] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 11/20/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024] Open
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) is a non-cellular constituent found in all tissues and organs. Although ECM was previously recognized as a mere "molecular glue" that supports the tissue structure of organs such as the lungs, it has recently been reported that ECM has important biological activities for tissue morphogenesis, inflammation, wound healing, and tumor progression. Proteoglycans are the main constituent of ECM, with growing evidence that proteoglycans and their associated glycosaminoglycans play important roles in the pathogenesis of several diseases. However, their roles in the lungs are incompletely understood. Leukocyte migration into the lung is one of the main aspects involved in the pathogenesis of several lung diseases. Glycosaminoglycans bind to chemokines and their interaction fine-tunes leukocyte migration into the affected organs. This review focuses on the role chemokine and glycosaminoglycan interactions in neutrophil migration into the lung. Furthermore, this review presents the role of proteoglycans such as syndecan, versican, and hyaluronan in inflammatory and fibrotic lung diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yoshinori Tanino
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, Fukushima Medical University School of Medicine
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Valdeolivas A, Amberg B, Giroud N, Richardson M, Gálvez EJC, Badillo S, Julien-Laferrière A, Túrós D, Voith von Voithenberg L, Wells I, Pesti B, Lo AA, Yángüez E, Das Thakur M, Bscheider M, Sultan M, Kumpesa N, Jacobsen B, Bergauer T, Saez-Rodriguez J, Rottenberg S, Schwalie PC, Hahn K. Profiling the heterogeneity of colorectal cancer consensus molecular subtypes using spatial transcriptomics. NPJ Precis Oncol 2024; 8:10. [PMID: 38200223 PMCID: PMC10781769 DOI: 10.1038/s41698-023-00488-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/04/2023] [Indexed: 01/12/2024] Open
Abstract
The consensus molecular subtypes (CMS) of colorectal cancer (CRC) is the most widely-used gene expression-based classification and has contributed to a better understanding of disease heterogeneity and prognosis. Nevertheless, CMS intratumoral heterogeneity restricts its clinical application, stressing the necessity of further characterizing the composition and architecture of CRC. Here, we used Spatial Transcriptomics (ST) in combination with single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) to decipher the spatially resolved cellular and molecular composition of CRC. In addition to mapping the intratumoral heterogeneity of CMS and their microenvironment, we identified cell communication events in the tumor-stroma interface of CMS2 carcinomas. This includes tumor growth-inhibiting as well as -activating signals, such as the potential regulation of the ETV4 transcriptional activity by DCN or the PLAU-PLAUR ligand-receptor interaction. Our study illustrates the potential of ST to resolve CRC molecular heterogeneity and thereby help advance personalized therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alberto Valdeolivas
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| | - Bettina Amberg
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Nicolas Giroud
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marion Richardson
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Eric J C Gálvez
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Solveig Badillo
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Alice Julien-Laferrière
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Demeter Túrós
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Isabelle Wells
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Benedek Pesti
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Amy A Lo
- Genentech, Inc, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Emilio Yángüez
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Zurich, Schlieren, Switzerland
| | | | - Michael Bscheider
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Marc Sultan
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nadine Kumpesa
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Björn Jacobsen
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Tobias Bergauer
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Julio Saez-Rodriguez
- Faculty of Medicine and Heidelberg University Hospital, Institute of Computational Biomedicine, Heidelberg University, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Sven Rottenberg
- Institute of Animal Pathology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Bern Center for Precision Medicine (BCPM), University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Petra C Schwalie
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Kerstin Hahn
- Roche Pharma Research and Early Development, Roche Innovation Center Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Wang X, Zhang Q, Ren Y, Liu C, Gao H. Research Progress on Extracellular Matrix Involved in the Development of Preeclampsia. Curr Protein Pept Sci 2024; 25:527-538. [PMID: 38561606 DOI: 10.2174/0113892037284176240302052521] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 01/21/2024] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/04/2024]
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is a serious pregnancy complication, and its primary clinical manifestations are gestational hypertension and proteinuria. Trophoblasts are responsible for the basic functions of the placenta during placental development; recent studies have revealed that placental "shallow implantation" caused by the decreased invasiveness of placental trophoblasts plays a crucial role in PE pathogenesis. The interaction between the cells and the extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a crucial role in trophoblast proliferation, differentiation, and invasion. Abnormal ECM function can result in insufficient migration and invasion of placental trophoblasts, thus participating in PE. This article summarizes the recent studies on the involvement of ECM components, including small leucine-rich proteoglycans, syndecans, glypicans, laminins, fibronectin, collagen, and hyaluronic acid, in the development of PE. ECM plays various roles in PE development, most notably by controlling the activities of trophoblasts. The ECM is structurally stable and can serve as a biological diagnostic marker and therapeutic target for PE.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
- College of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, Shandong, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, Shandong, China
| | - Yi Ren
- School of Pharmacy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, Shandong, China
| | - Chao Liu
- College of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, Shandong, China
| | - Huijie Gao
- College of Pharmacy, Jining Medical University, Rizhao, Shandong, China
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Karataş F, Acat M, Karatas HG, İnci F, Dikiş ÖS. The importance of biglycan, decorin and TGF-1 levels in the diagnosis of non-small cell lung cancer. Cancer Biomark 2023:CBM230238. [PMID: 38217588 DOI: 10.3233/cbm-230238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) ranks among the most deadly cancers worldwide, and currently, apart from a low percentage, targetable molecules have not been identified in its etiopathogenesis. The relationship between the proteoglycans decorin and biglycan, which are present in the extracellular matrix of cells, and transforming growth factor Beta-1 (TGF-B1), has been shown in many cancers. We investigated the significance of these molecules in NSCLC. METHODS Fasting serum levels of decorin, biglycan, and TGF-B1 were obtained from 48 newly diagnosed NSCLC patients and compared with those of 48 adult control subjects matched for age and demographics. Demographic data, baseline laboratory values, and ELISA results were compared between the groups. RESULTS The median age was 65(39-83) similar in both groups. There was no relation between demographic and clinical parameters and the levels of decorin, biglycan, and TGF-B1 in the NSCLC group. However, in comparison to the control group, NSCLC patients had significantly higher levels of biglycan (42.55 ± 27.40 vs. 24.38 ± 12.05 ng/mL, p= 0.026) and TGF-B1 (15.55 ± 9.16 vs. 10.07 ± 7.8 pg/mL, p= 0.001), while decorin levels were significantly lower (6.64 ± 1.92 vs. 10.28 ± 3.13 ng/mL, p= 0.002). In the multivariate regression analysis; Decorin < 8.13 ng/mL (OR, 10.96; 95% CI: 3.440-34.958), current smoking (OR, 3.81; 95% CI: 1.320-10.998), COPD (OR, 43.6; 95% CI: 2.082-913.081), and lower BMI (OR, 1.22; 95% CI: 1.070-1.405, p= 0.003) were identified as independent predictive markers for NSCLC diagnosis. CONCLUSION The decreased serum decorin level is an independent marker for NSCLC. Further studies are needed to investigate the prognostic significance of decorin on survival and its potential as a target in treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Fatih Karataş
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Karabuk University, Karabuk, Turkey
| | - Murat Acat
- Cagsu Hospital, Department of Pulmonary Disease, Düzce, Turkey
| | - Hatice Gulsah Karatas
- Department of Physical Treatment and Rehabilitation, Faculty of Medicine, Karabuk University, Karabuk, Turkey
| | - Fatih İnci
- Department of Medical Oncology, Faculty of Medicine, Karabuk University, Karabuk, Turkey
| | - Özlem Sengören Dikiş
- Department of Pulmonary Disease, Faculty of Medicine, Mugla Sitki Kocman University, Mugla, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Kulkarni S, Saha M, Slosberg J, Singh A, Nagaraj S, Becker L, Zhang C, Bukowski A, Wang Z, Liu G, Leser JM, Kumar M, Bakhshi S, Anderson MJ, Lewandoski M, Vincent E, Goff LA, Pasricha PJ. Age-associated changes in lineage composition of the enteric nervous system regulate gut health and disease. eLife 2023; 12:RP88051. [PMID: 38108810 PMCID: PMC10727506 DOI: 10.7554/elife.88051] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
The enteric nervous system (ENS), a collection of neural cells contained in the wall of the gut, is of fundamental importance to gastrointestinal and systemic health. According to the prevailing paradigm, the ENS arises from progenitor cells migrating from the neural crest and remains largely unchanged thereafter. Here, we show that the lineage composition of maturing ENS changes with time, with a decline in the canonical lineage of neural-crest derived neurons and their replacement by a newly identified lineage of mesoderm-derived neurons. Single cell transcriptomics and immunochemical approaches establish a distinct expression profile of mesoderm-derived neurons. The dynamic balance between the proportions of neurons from these two different lineages in the post-natal gut is dependent on the availability of their respective trophic signals, GDNF-RET and HGF-MET. With increasing age, the mesoderm-derived neurons become the dominant form of neurons in the ENS, a change associated with significant functional effects on intestinal motility which can be reversed by GDNF supplementation. Transcriptomic analyses of human gut tissues show reduced GDNF-RET signaling in patients with intestinal dysmotility which is associated with reduction in neural crest-derived neuronal markers and concomitant increase in transcriptional patterns specific to mesoderm-derived neurons. Normal intestinal function in the adult gastrointestinal tract therefore appears to require an optimal balance between these two distinct lineages within the ENS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Subhash Kulkarni
- Division of Gastroenterology, Dept of Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical CenterBostonUnited States
- Division of Medical Sciences, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonUnited States
| | - Monalee Saha
- Center for Neurogastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University – School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Jared Slosberg
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University – School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Alpana Singh
- Center for Neurogastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University – School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Sushma Nagaraj
- Center for Neurogastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University – School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Laren Becker
- Division of Gastroenterology, Stanford University – School of MedicineStanfordUnited States
| | - Chengxiu Zhang
- Center for Neurogastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University – School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Alicia Bukowski
- Center for Neurogastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University – School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Zhuolun Wang
- Center for Neurogastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University – School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Guosheng Liu
- Center for Neurogastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University – School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Jenna M Leser
- Center for Neurogastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University – School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Mithra Kumar
- Center for Neurogastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University – School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Shriya Bakhshi
- Center for Neurogastroenterology, Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University – School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Matthew J Anderson
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer InstituteFrederickUnited States
| | - Mark Lewandoski
- Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer InstituteFrederickUnited States
| | - Elizabeth Vincent
- Department of Genetic Medicine, Johns Hopkins University – School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | - Loyal A Goff
- Department of Neuroscience, Johns Hopkins University – School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
- Kavli Neurodiscovery Institute, Johns Hopkins University – School of MedicineBaltimoreUnited States
| | | |
Collapse
|
12
|
Blair HC, Larrouture QC, Tourkova IL, Nelson DJ, Dobrowolski SF, Schlesinger PH. Epithelial-like transport of mineral distinguishes bone formation from other connective tissues. J Cell Biochem 2023; 124:1889-1899. [PMID: 37991446 PMCID: PMC10880123 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.30494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Revised: 10/10/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
We review unique properties of bone formation including current understanding of mechanisms of bone mineral transport. We focus on formation only; mechanism of bone degradation is a separate topic not considered. Bone matrix is compared to other connective tissues composed mainly of the same proteins, but without the specialized mechanism for continuous transport and deposition of mineral. Indeed other connective tissues add mechanisms to prevent mineral formation. We start with the epithelial-like surfaces that mediate transport of phosphate to be incorporated into hydroxyapatite in bone, or in its ancestral tissue, the tooth. These include several phosphate producing or phosphate transport-related proteins with special expression in large quantities in bone, particularly in the bone-surface osteoblasts. In all connective tissues including bone, the proteins that constitute the protein matrix are mainly type I collagen and γ-carboxylate-containing small proteins in similar molar quantities to collagen. Specialized proteins that regulate connective tissue structure and formation are surprisingly similar in mineralized and non-mineralized tissues. While serum calcium and phosphate are adequate to precipitate mineral, specialized mechanisms normally prevent mineral formation except in bone, where continuous transport and deposition of mineral occurs.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Harry C Blair
- Veteran’s Affairs Medical Center, Pittsburgh PA
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | | | - Irina L. Tourkova
- Veteran’s Affairs Medical Center, Pittsburgh PA
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Deborah J Nelson
- Dept of Neurobiology, Pharmacology & Physiology, University of Chicago, Chicago IL
| | | | | |
Collapse
|
13
|
Zou X, Zhang X, Han S, Wei L, Zheng Z, Wang Y, Xin J, Zhang S. Pathogenesis and therapeutic implications of matrix metalloproteinases in intervertebral disc degeneration: A comprehensive review. Biochimie 2023; 214:27-48. [PMID: 37268183 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.05.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2022] [Revised: 05/22/2023] [Accepted: 05/22/2023] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration (IDD) is a common disorder that affects the spine and is a major cause of lower back pain (LBP). The extracellular matrix (ECM) is the structural foundation of the biomechanical properties of IVD, and its degradation is the main pathological characteristic of IDD. Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a group of endopeptidases that play an important role in the degradation and remodeling of the ECM. Several recent studies have shown that the expression and activity of many MMP subgroups are significantly upregulated in degenerated IVD tissue. This upregulation of MMPs results in an imbalance of ECM anabolism and catabolism, leading to the degradation of the ECM and the development of IDD. Therefore, the regulation of MMP expression is a potential therapeutic target for the treatment of IDD. Recent research has focused on identifying the mechanisms by which MMPs cause ECM degradation and promote IDD, as well as on developing therapies that target MMPs. In summary, MMP dysregulation is a crucial factor in the development of IDD, and a deeper understanding of the mechanisms involved is needed to develop effective biological therapies that target MMPs to treat IDD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xiaosong Zou
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Jilin Engineering Research Center for Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Xingmin Zhang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Jilin Engineering Research Center for Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Song Han
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Jilin Engineering Research Center for Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Lin Wei
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Jilin Engineering Research Center for Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Zhi Zheng
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Jilin Engineering Research Center for Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Yongjie Wang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Jilin Engineering Research Center for Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Jingguo Xin
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Jilin Engineering Research Center for Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Changchun, 130021, China
| | - Shaokun Zhang
- Department of Spinal Surgery, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun, 130021, China; Jilin Engineering Research Center for Spine and Spinal Cord Injury, Changchun, 130021, China.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Harper EI, Weeraratna AT. A Wrinkle in TIME: How Changes in the Aging ECM Drive the Remodeling of the Tumor Immune Microenvironment. Cancer Discov 2023; 13:1973-1981. [PMID: 37671471 PMCID: PMC10654931 DOI: 10.1158/2159-8290.cd-23-0505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/14/2023] [Indexed: 09/07/2023]
Abstract
SUMMARY Cancer is an age-related disease, with the majority of patients receiving their diagnosis after the age of 60 and most mortality from cancer occurring after this age. The tumor microenvironment changes drastically with age, which in turn affects cancer progression and treatment efficacy. Age-related changes to individual components of the microenvironment have received well-deserved attention over the past few decades, but the effects of aging at the interface of two or more microenvironmental components have been vastly understudied. In this perspective, we discuss the relationship between the aging extracellular matrix and the aging immune system, how they affect the tumor microenvironment, and how these multidisciplinary studies may open avenues for new therapeutics. Cancer is a disease of aging. With a rapidly aging population, we need to better understand the age-related changes that drive tumor progression, ranging from secreted changes to biophysical and immune changes.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Elizabeth I. Harper
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205
| | - Ashani T. Weeraratna
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21205
- Department of Oncology, Sidney Kimmel Comprehensive Cancer Center, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, 1650 Orleans Street, Room 485, Baltimore, MD 21205
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Mavrogonatou E, Papadopoulou A, Pratsinis H, Kletsas D. Senescence-associated alterations in the extracellular matrix: deciphering their role in the regulation of cellular function. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 325:C633-C647. [PMID: 37486063 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00178.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/01/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/18/2023] [Indexed: 07/25/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) is a dynamic structural network that provides a physical scaffolding, as well as biochemical factors that maintain normal tissue homeostasis and thus its disruption is implicated in many pathological conditions. On the other hand, senescent cells express a particular secretory phenotype, affecting the composition and organization of the surrounding ECM and modulating their microenvironment. As accumulation of senescent cells may be linked to the manifestation of several age-related conditions, senescence-associated ECM alterations may serve as targets for novel anti-aging treatment modalities. Here, we will review characteristic changes in the ECM elicited by cellular senescence and we will discuss the complex interplay between ECM and senescent cells, in relation to normal aging and selected age-associated pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eleni Mavrogonatou
- Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Ageing, Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos," Athens, Greece
| | - Adamantia Papadopoulou
- Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Ageing, Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos," Athens, Greece
| | - Harris Pratsinis
- Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Ageing, Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos," Athens, Greece
| | - Dimitris Kletsas
- Laboratory of Cell Proliferation and Ageing, Institute of Biosciences and Applications, National Centre for Scientific Research "Demokritos," Athens, Greece
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Drysdale A, Unsworth AJ, White SJ, Jones S. The Contribution of Vascular Proteoglycans to Atherothrombosis: Clinical Implications. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:11854. [PMID: 37511615 PMCID: PMC10380219 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241411854] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2023] [Revised: 07/20/2023] [Accepted: 07/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
The vascular extracellular matrix (ECM) produced by endothelial and smooth muscle cells is composed of collagens and glycoproteins and plays an integral role in regulating the structure and function of the vascular wall. Alteration in the expression of these proteins is associated with endothelial dysfunction and has been implicated in the development and progression of atherosclerosis. The ECM composition of atherosclerotic plaques varies depending on plaque phenotype and vulnerability, with distinct differences observed between ruptured and erodes plaques. Moreover, the thrombi on the exposed ECM are diverse in structure and composition, suggesting that the best antithrombotic approach may differ depending on plaque phenotype. This review provides a comprehensive overview of the role of proteoglycans in atherogenesis and thrombosis. It discusses the differential expression of the proteoglycans in different plaque phenotypes and the potential impact on platelet function and thrombosis. Finally, the review highlights the importance of this concept in developing a targeted approach to antithrombotic treatments to improve clinical outcomes in cardiovascular disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Amelia Drysdale
- Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK; (A.D.); (A.J.U.)
| | - Amanda J. Unsworth
- Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK; (A.D.); (A.J.U.)
| | - Stephen J. White
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, The Medical School, Newcastle University, Framlington Place, Newcastle upon Tyne NE2 4HH, UK;
| | - Sarah Jones
- Department of Life Sciences, Manchester Metropolitan University, Manchester M1 5GD, UK; (A.D.); (A.J.U.)
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Lin Y, Fan L, Qi Y, Xu C, Jia D, Jiang Y, Chen S, Wang L. Bifidobacterium adolescentis induces Decorin + macrophages via TLR2 to suppress colorectal carcinogenesis. J Exp Clin Cancer Res 2023; 42:172. [PMID: 37464382 PMCID: PMC10353206 DOI: 10.1186/s13046-023-02746-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 06/30/2023] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The interplay between gut microbiota and tumor microenvironment (TME) in the pathogenesis of colorectal cancer (CRC) is largely unknown. Here, we elucidated the functional role of B. adolescentis and its possible mechanism on the manipulation of Decorin+ macrophages in colorectal cancer. METHODS The relative abundance of B. adolescentis in tumor or para-tumor tissue of CRC patients was analyzed. The role of B. adolescentis was explored in the CRC animal models. The single cell-RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) was used to investigate the myeloid cells subsets in TME. The expression level of TLR2/YAP axis and its downstream Decorin in macrophages were tested by Western blot and qRT-PCR. Knockdown of Decorin in Raw264.7 was performed to investigate the effect of Decorin+ macrophages on subcutaneous tumor formation. Multi-immunofluorescence assay examined the number of Decorin+ macrophages on the CRC tissue. RESULTS We found that the abundance of B. adolescentis was significantly reduced in tumor tissue of CRC patients. Supplementation with B. adolescentis suppressed AOM/DSS-induced tumorigenesis in mice. ScRNA-seq and animal experiment revealed that B. adolescentis increased Decorin+ macrophages. Mechanically, Decorin was activated by TLR2/YAP axis in macrophages. The abundance of B. adolescentis was correlated with the number of Decorin+ macrophages and the expression level of TLR2 in tumor tissue of CRC patients. CONCLUSIONS These results highlight that B. adolescentis induced Decorin+ macrophages and provide a novel therapeutic target for probiotic-based modulation of immune microenvironment in CRC.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yifeng Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310009, China
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lina Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310009, China
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yadong Qi
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310003, China
| | - Chaochao Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310009, China
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Dingjiacheng Jia
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310009, China
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yao Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310009, China
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Shujie Chen
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- Department of Gastroenterology, School of Medicine, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310003, China.
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Research Center of Prevention and Treatment of Senescent Disease, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| | - Liangjing Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, 310009, China.
- Institute of Gastroenterology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
- Research Center of Prevention and Treatment of Senescent Disease, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Gesteira TF, Verma S, Coulson-Thomas VJ. Small leucine rich proteoglycans: Biology, function and their therapeutic potential in the ocular surface. Ocul Surf 2023; 29:521-536. [PMID: 37355022 PMCID: PMC11092928 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtos.2023.06.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2023] [Revised: 06/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 06/26/2023]
Abstract
Small leucine rich proteoglycans (SLRPs) are the largest family of proteoglycans, with 18 members that are subdivided into five classes. SLRPs are small in size and can be present in tissues as glycosylated and non-glycosylated proteins, and the most studied SLRPs include decorin, biglycan, lumican, keratocan and fibromodulin. SLRPs specifically bind to collagen fibrils, regulating collagen fibrillogenesis and the biomechanical properties of tissues, and are expressed at particularly high levels in fibrous tissues, such as the cornea. However, SLRPs are also very active components of the ECM, interacting with numerous growth factors, cytokines and cell surface receptors. Therefore, SLRPs regulate major cellular processes and have a central role in major fundamental biological processes, such as maintaining corneal homeostasis and transparency and regulating corneal wound healing. Over the years, mutations and/or altered expression of SLRPs have been associated with various corneal diseases, such as congenital stromal corneal dystrophy and cornea plana. Recently, there has been great interest in harnessing the various functions of SLRPs for therapeutic purposes. In this comprehensive review, we describe the structural features and the related functions of SLRPs, and how these affect the therapeutic potential of SLRPs, with special emphasis on the use of SLRPs for treating ocular surface pathologies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Sudhir Verma
- College of Optometry, University of Houston, USA; Department of Zoology, Deen Dayal Upadhyaya College, University of Delhi, Delhi, India
| | | |
Collapse
|
19
|
Alcaide-Ruggiero L, Cugat R, Domínguez JM. Proteoglycans in Articular Cartilage and Their Contribution to Chondral Injury and Repair Mechanisms. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10824. [PMID: 37446002 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241310824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2023] [Revised: 06/17/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Proteoglycans are vital components of the extracellular matrix in articular cartilage, providing biomechanical properties crucial for its proper functioning. They are key players in chondral diseases, specifically in the degradation of the extracellular matrix. Evaluating proteoglycan molecules can serve as a biomarker for joint degradation in osteoarthritis patients, as well as assessing the quality of repaired tissue following different treatment strategies for chondral injuries. Despite ongoing research, understanding osteoarthritis and cartilage repair remains unclear, making the identification of key molecules essential for early diagnosis and effective treatment. This review offers an overview of proteoglycans as primary molecules in articular cartilage. It describes the various types of proteoglycans present in both healthy and damaged cartilage, highlighting their roles. Additionally, the review emphasizes the importance of assessing proteoglycans to evaluate the quality of repaired articular tissue. It concludes by providing a visual and narrative description of aggrecan distribution and presence in healthy cartilage. Proteoglycans, such as aggrecan, biglycan, decorin, perlecan, and versican, significantly contribute to maintaining the health of articular cartilage and the cartilage repair process. Therefore, studying these proteoglycans is vital for early diagnosis, evaluating the quality of repaired cartilage, and assessing treatment effectiveness.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Alcaide-Ruggiero
- Departamento de Medicina y Cirugía Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba, Hospital Clínico Veterinario, Campus de Rabanales, Ctra. Madrid-Cádiz Km 396, 14014 Córdoba, Spain
- Fundación García-Cugat, Plaza Alfonso Comín 5-7, 08023 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ramón Cugat
- Fundación García-Cugat, Plaza Alfonso Comín 5-7, 08023 Barcelona, Spain
- Instituto Cugat y Mutualidad de Futbolistas Españoles, Delegación Catalana, 08023 Barcelona, Spain
| | - Juan Manuel Domínguez
- Departamento de Medicina y Cirugía Animal, Facultad de Veterinaria, Universidad de Córdoba, Hospital Clínico Veterinario, Campus de Rabanales, Ctra. Madrid-Cádiz Km 396, 14014 Córdoba, Spain
- Fundación García-Cugat, Plaza Alfonso Comín 5-7, 08023 Barcelona, Spain
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Vöcking O, Famulski JK. A temporal single cell transcriptome atlas of zebrafish anterior segment development. Sci Rep 2023; 13:5656. [PMID: 37024546 PMCID: PMC10079958 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-32212-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Anterior segment dysgenesis (ASD), resulting in vision impairment, stems from maldevelopment of anterior segment (AS) tissues. Incidence of ASD has been linked to malfunction of periocular mesenchyme cells (POM). POM cells specify into anterior segment mesenchyme (ASM) cells which colonize and produce AS tissues. In this study we uncover ASM developmental trajectories associated with formation of the AS. Using a transgenic line of zebrafish that fluorescently labels the ASM throughout development, Tg[foxc1b:GFP], we isolated GFP+ ASM cells at several developmental timepoints (48-144 hpf) and performed single cell RNA sequencing. Clustering analysis indicates subdifferentiation of ASM as early as 48 hpf and subsequent diversification into corneal epithelium/endothelium/stroma, or annular ligament (AL) lineages. Tracking individual clusters reveals common developmental pathways, up to 72 hpf, for the AL and corneal endothelium/stroma and distinct pathways for corneal epithelium starting at 48 hpf. Spatiotemporal validation of over 80 genes found associated with AS development demonstrates a high degree of conservation with mammalian trabecular meshwork and corneal tissues. In addition, we characterize thirteen novel genes associated with annular ligament and seven with corneal development. Overall, the data provide a molecular verification of the long-standing hypothesis that POM derived ASM give rise to AS tissues and highlight the high degree of conservation between zebrafish and mammals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Oliver Vöcking
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
| | - J K Famulski
- Department of Biology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Bray JP, Munday JS. Development of a Nomogram to Predict the Outcome for Patients with Soft Tissue Sarcoma. Vet Sci 2023; 10:vetsci10040266. [PMID: 37104421 PMCID: PMC10146366 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci10040266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/19/2023] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Soft tissue sarcomas (STSs) are common cutaneous or subcutaneous neoplasms in dogs. Most STSs are initially treated by surgical excision, and local recurrence may develop in almost 20% of patients. Currently, it is difficult to predict which STS will recur after excision, but this ability would greatly assist patient management. In recent years, the nomogram has emerged as a tool to allow oncologists to predict an outcome from a combination of risk factors. The aim of this study was to develop a nomogram for canine STSs and determine if the nomogram could predict patient outcomes better than individual tumour characteristics. The current study provides the first evidence in veterinary oncology to support a role for the nomogram to assist with predicting the outcome for patients after surgery for STSs. The nomogram developed in this study accurately predicted tumour-free survival in 25 patients but failed to predict recurrence in 1 patient. Overall, the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive, and negative predictive values for the nomogram were 96%, 45%, 45%, and 96%, respectively (area under the curve: AUC = 0.84). This study suggests a nomogram could play an important role in helping to identify patients who could benefit from revision surgery or adjuvant therapy for an STS.
Collapse
|
22
|
Lara ML, Carvalho MG, de Souza FF, Schmith RA, Codognoto VM, De Vita B, Freitas Dell'Aqua CDP, Landim FDC, Alvarenga MLE. Influence of culture conditions on the secretome of mesenchymal stem cells derived from feline adipose tissue: Proteomics approach. Biochimie 2023; 211:78-86. [PMID: 36931338 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2023.03.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2021] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/18/2023]
Abstract
This study aimed to describe the secretome of mesenchymal stem cells derived from feline adipose tissue (AD-MSCs) and compare the effects of different culture conditions on AD-MSC proteomics using a shotgun approach. Adipose tissue was collected from 5 female cats and prepared to culture. Conditioned media was collected at third passage, in which the cells were cultured under 4 conditions, normoxia with fetal bovine serum (N + FBS), hypoxia with FBS (H + FBS), normoxia without FBS (N - FBS), and hypoxia without FBS (H - FBS). Then, the secretome was concentrated and prepared for proteomic approaches. Secretomes cultured with FBS-free medium had more than twice identified proteins in comparison with the secretomes cultured with FBS. In contrast, hypoxic conditions did not increase protein amount and affected only a small proteome fraction. Relevant proteins were related to the extracellular matrix promoting environmental modulation, influencing cell signaling pathways, and providing a suitable environment for cell proliferation and maintenance. Moreover, other proteins were also related to cell adhesion, migration and morphogenesis. Culture conditions can influence protein abundance in AD-MSC secretome, and can give also more specificity to cell and cell-free treatments for different diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Maria Laura Lara
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marcos Gomides Carvalho
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fabiana Ferreira de Souza
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil.
| | - Rubia Alves Schmith
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Viviane Maria Codognoto
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Bruna De Vita
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil; International Product Marketing Manager - PROCARE HEALTH, Universitat de Barcelona, Barcelona, Catalunha, Spain
| | - Camila de Paula Freitas Dell'Aqua
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Fernada da Cruz Landim
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Marina Landim E Alvarenga
- Department of Veterinary Surgery and Animal Reproduction, School of Veterinary Medicine and Animal Science, São Paulo State University - UNESP, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil; Omics Animal Biotechnology, Botucatu, São Paulo, Brazil
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Kornmuller A, Cooper TT, Jani A, Lajoie GA, Flynn LE. Probing the effects of matrix-derived microcarrier composition on human adipose-derived stromal cells cultured dynamically within spinner flask bioreactors. J Biomed Mater Res A 2023; 111:415-434. [PMID: 36210786 DOI: 10.1002/jbm.a.37459] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 09/23/2022] [Accepted: 09/28/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Recognizing the cell-instructive capacity of the extracellular matrix (ECM), this study investigated the effects of expanding human adipose-derived stromal cells (hASCs) on ECM-derived microcarriers fabricated from decellularized adipose tissue (DAT) or decellularized cartilage tissue (DCT) within spinner flask bioreactors. Protocols were established for decellularizing porcine auricular cartilage and electrospraying methods were used to generate microcarriers comprised exclusively of DAT or DCT, which were compositionally distinct, but had matching Young's moduli. Both microcarrier types supported hASC attachment and growth over 14 days within a low-shear spinner culture system, with a significantly higher cell density observed on the DCT microcarriers at 7 and 14 days. Irrespective of the ECM source, dynamic culture on the microcarriers altered the expression of genes and proteins associated with cell adhesion and ECM remodeling. Label-free mass spectrometry analysis showed upregulation of proteins associated with cartilage development and ECM in the hASCs expanded on the DCT microcarriers. Based on Luminex analysis, the hASCs expanded on the DCT microcarriers secreted significantly higher levels of IL-8 and PDGFAA, supporting that the ECM source can modulate hASC paracrine factor secretion. Finally, the hASCs expanded on the microcarriers were extracted for analysis of adipogenic and chondrogenic differentiation relative to baseline controls. The microcarrier-cultured hASCs showed enhanced intracellular lipid accumulation at 7 days post-induction of adipogenic differentiation. In the chondrogenic studies, a low level of differentiation was observed in all groups. Future studies are warranted using alternative cell sources with greater chondrogenic potential to further assess the chondro-inductive properties of the DCT microcarriers.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anna Kornmuller
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Tyler T Cooper
- Department of Biochemistry, Don Rix Protein Identification Facility, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Ammi Jani
- Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Gilles A Lajoie
- Department of Biochemistry, Don Rix Protein Identification Facility, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| | - Lauren E Flynn
- School of Biomedical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.,Department of Chemical & Biochemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada.,Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Bray J, Eward W, Breen M. Evaluating the relevance of surgical margins. Part one: The problems with current methodology. Vet Comp Oncol 2023; 21:1-11. [PMID: 36308442 DOI: 10.1111/vco.12865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/10/2022] [Revised: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 10/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
The goal of cancer surgery is to achieve a "clean" microscopic resection, with no residual tumour remaining in the wound. To achieve that goal, the surgeon typically incorporates a measured buffer of grossly normal tissue about the entire circumference of the tumour. Microscopic analysis of the resection boundaries is then performed to determine if all traces of the tumour have been completely removed. This analysis is thought to provide a surrogate indication as to the likelihood for that tumour to recur after surgery. However, it is recognised that tumour recurrence may not occur even when microscopic evidence of tumour has been identified at the resection margins, and recurrence can also occur when conventional histology has considered the tumour to have been completely removed. The explanations for this dichotomy are numerous and include technical and practical limitations of the processing methodology, and also several surgeon-related and tumour-related reasons. Ultimately, the inability to confidently determine when a tumour has been removed sufficiently to prevent recurrence can impact on the ability to provide owners with confident treatment advice. In this article, the authors describe the challenges with defining the true extent of the tumour margin from the perspective of the surgeon, the pathologist and the tumour. The authors also provide an analysis of why our current efforts to ensure that all traces of the local tumour have been successfully removed may provide an imperfect assessment of the risk of recurrence.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Will Eward
- Duke Cancer Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Matthew Breen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, North Carolina, USA
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Aljawad MF, Faisal AHMA, Alqanbar MF, Wilmarth PA, Hassan BQ. Tandem mass tag-based quantitative proteomic analysis of cervical cancer. Proteomics Clin Appl 2023; 17:e2100105. [PMID: 36029187 DOI: 10.1002/prca.202100105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 08/09/2022] [Indexed: 01/25/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Cervical cancer is a common cancer in women caused by high-risk human papillomavirus (Hr-HPV). Many potential biomarkers have been proposed for precancerous lesions and cancer diagnosis and some of these markers studied for prognosis. This study determined potential biomarkers for cervical cancer diagnosis in regard to HPV genotype by using isobaric labeling quantitative proteomics. METHODS in the current study, there were 75 formalin fixed paraffin embedded (FFPE) uterine cervical samples that used to determine the 14 HPV genotypes and the viral load of each genotype was determined. The tandem mass tag (TMT) proteomic work was performed on four FFPE samples of cervical cancer and four FFPE of control samples. The validation of biomarkers from cervical proteome were evaluated using Immunohistochemistry (IHC) testing. RESULTS The most frequent HPV genotype among all other genotypes was HPV 16. There were 2753 proteins quantified by TMT and 336 of these proteins had significant differential abundances. KPNA2, MCM2, COL1A1, and DCN were selected based on functional enrichment analysis and validated by Immunohistochemistry (IHC) testing. The staining of IHC confirmed the upregulation of KPNA2 and MCM2 expression in cervical neoplasia and the downregulation of DCN and COL1A1 in some cervical cancer group subjects. CONCLUSION The KPNA2 marker was compared to other previously reported biomarkers and is a putative biomarker to be validated in further studies, specifically the relationship with HPV load.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohammed F Aljawad
- Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Institute, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| | | | - Mohammed F Alqanbar
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, University of Kerbala, Baghdad, Iraq
| | - Phillip A Wilmarth
- Proteomic Shared Resource, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, Oregon, USA
| | - Basima Q Hassan
- Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology Institute, University of Baghdad, Baghdad, Iraq
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Urbanczyk M, Jeyagaran A, Zbinden A, Lu CE, Marzi J, Kuhlburger L, Nahnsen S, Layland SL, Duffy G, Schenke-Layland K. Decorin improves human pancreatic β-cell function and regulates ECM expression in vitro. Matrix Biol 2023; 115:160-183. [PMID: 36592738 DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2022.12.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Revised: 12/23/2022] [Accepted: 12/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Transplantation of islets of Langerhans is a promising alternative treatment strategy in severe cases of type 1 diabetes mellitus; however, the success rate is limited by the survival rate of the cells post-transplantation. Restoration of the native pancreatic niche during transplantation potentially can help to improve cell viability and function. Here, we assessed for the first time the regulatory role of the small leucine-rich proteoglycan decorin (DCN) in insulin secretion in human β-cells, and its impact on pancreatic extracellular matrix (ECM) protein expression in vitro. In depth analyses utilizing next-generation sequencing as well as Raman microspectroscopy and Raman imaging identified pathways related to glucose metabolism to be upregulated in DCN-treated cells, including oxidative phosphorylation within the mitochondria as well as proteins and lipids of the endoplasmic reticulum. We further showed the effectiveness of DCN in a transplantation setting by treating collagen type 1-encapsulated β-cell-containing pseudo-islets with DCN. Taken together, in this study, we demonstrate the potential of DCN to improve the function of insulin-secreting β-cells while reducing the expression of ECM proteins affiliated with fibrotic capsule formation, making DCN a highly promising therapeutic agent for islet transplantation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Max Urbanczyk
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department for Medical Technologies and Regenerative Medicine, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Silcherstr. 7/1, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Abiramy Jeyagaran
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department for Medical Technologies and Regenerative Medicine, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Silcherstr. 7/1, Tübingen 72076, Germany; NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany
| | - Aline Zbinden
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department for Medical Technologies and Regenerative Medicine, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Silcherstr. 7/1, Tübingen 72076, Germany; Department of Immunology, Leiden University Medical Center Leiden, ZA 2333, the Netherlands
| | - Chuan-En Lu
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department for Medical Technologies and Regenerative Medicine, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Silcherstr. 7/1, Tübingen 72076, Germany
| | - Julia Marzi
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department for Medical Technologies and Regenerative Medicine, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Silcherstr. 7/1, Tübingen 72076, Germany; NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany; Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Laurence Kuhlburger
- Quantitative Biology Center (QBiC), Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Biomedical Data Science, Department of Computer Science, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Sven Nahnsen
- Quantitative Biology Center (QBiC), Eberhard Karls University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany; Biomedical Data Science, Department of Computer Science, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Shannon L Layland
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department for Medical Technologies and Regenerative Medicine, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Silcherstr. 7/1, Tübingen 72076, Germany; Department of Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Garry Duffy
- Discipline of Anatomy and the Regenerative Medicine Institute, School of Medicine, College of Medicine Nursing and Health Sciences, National University of Ireland Galway, Ireland; Science Foundation Ireland (SFI) Centre for Research in Advanced Materials for Biomedical Engineering (AMBER), Trinity College Dublin & National University of Ireland Galway, Galway, Ireland
| | - Katja Schenke-Layland
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, Department for Medical Technologies and Regenerative Medicine, Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Silcherstr. 7/1, Tübingen 72076, Germany; NMI Natural and Medical Sciences Institute at the University of Tübingen, Reutlingen, Germany; Cluster of Excellence iFIT (EXC 2180) "Image-Guided and Functionally Instructed Tumor Therapies", Eberhard Karls University Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Kubo E, Shibata S, Shibata T, Sasaki H, Singh DP. Role of Decorin in the Lens and Ocular Diseases. Cells 2022; 12:cells12010074. [PMID: 36611867 PMCID: PMC9818407 DOI: 10.3390/cells12010074] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/15/2022] [Accepted: 12/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Decorin is an archetypal member of the small leucine-rich proteoglycan gene family and is involved in various biological functions and many signaling networks, interacting with extra-cellular matrix (ECM) components, growth factors, and receptor tyrosine kinases. Decorin also modulates the growth factors, cell proliferation, migration, and angiogenesis. It has been reported to be involved in many ischemic and fibrotic eye diseases, such as congenital stromal dystrophy of the cornea, anterior subcapsular fibrosis of the lens, proliferative vitreoretinopathy, et al. Furthermore, recent evidence supports its role in secondary posterior capsule opacification (PCO) after cataract surgery. The expression of decorin mRNA in lens epithelial cells in vitro was found to decrease upon transforming growth factor (TGF)-β-2 addition and increase upon fibroblast growth factor (FGF)-2 addition. Wound healing of the injured lens in mice transgenic for lens-specific human decorin was promoted by inhibiting myofibroblastic changes. Decorin may be associated with epithelial-mesenchymal transition and PCO development in the lens. Gene therapy and decorin administration have the potential to serve as excellent therapeutic approaches for modifying impaired wound healing, PCO, and other eye diseases related to fibrosis and angiogenesis. In this review, we present findings regarding the roles of decorin in the lens and ocular diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eri Kubo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kanazawa Medical University, Kanazawa 920-0293, Ishikawa, Japan
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +81-76-286-2211 (ext. 3412); Fax: +81-76-286-1010
| | - Shinsuke Shibata
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kanazawa Medical University, Kanazawa 920-0293, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Teppei Shibata
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kanazawa Medical University, Kanazawa 920-0293, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Sasaki
- Department of Ophthalmology, Kanazawa Medical University, Kanazawa 920-0293, Ishikawa, Japan
| | - Dhirendra P. Singh
- Department of Ophthalmology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE 68198, USA
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Weier A, Enders M, Kirchner P, Ekici A, Bigaud M, Kapitza C, Wörl J, Kuerten S. Impact of Siponimod on Enteric and Central Nervous System Pathology in Late-Stage Experimental Autoimmune Encephalomyelitis. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232214209. [PMID: 36430692 PMCID: PMC9695324 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232214209] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS). Although immune modulation and suppression are effective during relapsing-remitting MS, secondary progressive MS (SPMS) requires neuroregenerative therapeutic options that act on the CNS. The sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulator siponimod is the only approved drug for SPMS. In the pivotal trial, siponimod reduced disease progression and brain atrophy compared with placebo. The enteric nervous system (ENS) was recently identified as an additional autoimmune target in MS. We investigated the effects of siponimod on the ENS and CNS in the experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis model of MS. Mice with late-stage disease were treated with siponimod, fingolimod, or sham. The clinical disease was monitored daily, and treatment success was verified using mass spectrometry and flow cytometry, which revealed peripheral lymphopenia in siponimod- and fingolimod-treated mice. We evaluated the mRNA expression, ultrastructure, and histopathology of the ENS and CNS. Single-cell RNA sequencing revealed an upregulation of proinflammatory genes in spinal cord astrocytes and ependymal cells in siponimod-treated mice. However, differences in CNS and ENS histopathology and ultrastructural pathology between the treatment groups were absent. Thus, our data suggest that siponimod and fingolimod act on the peripheral immune system and do not have pronounced direct neuroprotective effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Weier
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Michael Enders
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
| | - Philipp Kirchner
- Institute of Pathology, University of Bern, CH-3008 Bern, Switzerland
| | - Arif Ekici
- Institute of Human Genetics, University Clinic Erlangen, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Marc Bigaud
- Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, CH-4002 Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christopher Kapitza
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Jürgen Wörl
- Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Friedrich-Alexander-Universität Erlangen-Nürnberg, 91054 Erlangen, Germany
| | - Stefanie Kuerten
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Medical Faculty, University of Bonn, 53115 Bonn, Germany
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-228-73-2642
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Ouellette A, Mahendroo M, Nallasamy S. Collagen and elastic fiber remodeling in the pregnant mouse myometrium†. Biol Reprod 2022; 107:741-751. [PMID: 35594450 PMCID: PMC9767674 DOI: 10.1093/biolre/ioac102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2021] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The myometrium undergoes progressive tissue remodeling from early to late pregnancy to support fetal growth and transitions to the contractile phase to deliver a baby at term. Much of our effort has been focused on understanding the functional role of myometrial smooth muscle cells, but the role of extracellular matrix is not clear. This study was aimed to demonstrate the expression profile of sub-sets of genes involved in the synthesis, processing, and assembly of collagen and elastic fibers, their structural remodeling during pregnancy, and hormonal regulation. Myometrial tissues were isolated from non-pregnant and pregnant mice to analyze gene expression and protein levels of components of collagen and elastic fibers. Second harmonic generation imaging was used to examine the morphology of collagen and elastic fibers. Gene and protein expressions of collagen and elastin were induced very early in pregnancy. Further, the gene expressions of some of the factors involved in the synthesis, processing, and assembly of collagen and elastic fibers were differentially expressed in the pregnant mouse myometrium. Our imaging analysis demonstrated that the collagen and elastic fibers undergo structural reorganization from early to late pregnancy. Collagen and elastin were differentially induced in response to estrogen and progesterone in the myometrium of ovariectomized mice. Collagen was induced by both estrogen and progesterone. By contrast, estrogen induced elastin, but progesterone suppressed its expression. The current study suggests progressive extracellular matrix remodeling and its potential role in the myometrial tissue mechanical function during pregnancy and parturition.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexis Ouellette
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, Larner College of Medicine University of Vermont, Burlington, VT, USA
| | - Mala Mahendroo
- Department of Ob/Gyn and Cecil H. and Ida Green Center for Reproductive Biological Sciences, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Shanmugasundaram Nallasamy
- Correspondence: Division of Reproductive Sciences, Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology, and Reproductive Sciences, University of Vermont College of Medicine, 89 Beaumont Avenue, Burlington, VT 05405, USA. Tel: +18026568668; Fax: +18026568771; E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Ledoult E, Jendoubi M, Collet A, Guerrier T, Largy A, Speca S, Vivier S, Bray F, Figeac M, Hachulla E, Labalette M, Leprêtre F, Sebda S, Sanges S, Rolando C, Sobanski V, Dubucquoi S, Launay D. Simple gene signature to assess murine fibroblast polarization. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11748. [PMID: 35817787 PMCID: PMC9273630 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-15640-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
We provide an original multi-stage approach identifying a gene signature to assess murine fibroblast polarization. Prototypic polarizations (inflammatory/fibrotic) were induced by seeded mouse embryonic fibroblasts (MEFs) with TNFα or TGFß1, respectively. The transcriptomic and proteomic profiles were obtained by RNA microarray and LC-MS/MS. Gene Ontology and pathways analysis were performed among the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and proteins (DEPs). Balb/c mice underwent daily intradermal injections of HOCl (or PBS) as an experimental murine model of inflammation-mediated fibrosis in a time-dependent manner. As results, 1456 and 2215 DEGs, and 289 and 233 DEPs were respectively found in MEFs in response to TNFα or TGFß1, respectively. Among the most significant pathways, we combined 26 representative genes to encompass the proinflammatory and profibrotic polarizations of fibroblasts. Based on principal component analysis, this signature deciphered baseline state, proinflammatory polarization, and profibrotic polarization as accurately as RNA microarray and LC-MS/MS did. Then, we assessed the gene signature on dermal fibroblasts isolated from the experimental murine model. We observed a proinflammatory polarization at day 7, and a mixture of a proinflammatory and profibrotic polarizations at day 42 in line with histological findings. Our approach provides a small-size and convenient gene signature to assess murine fibroblast polarization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuel Ledoult
- Inserm, U1286, 4Ème Étage Centre, Place Verdun, 59000, Lille, France. .,INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, Univ. Lille, 59000, Lille, France. .,Service de Médecine Interne et d'Immunologie Clinique, Centre de Référence Des Maladies Auto-Immunes et Systémiques Rares du Nord et Nord-Ouest de France (CeRAINO), CHU Lille, 59000, Lille, France.
| | - Manel Jendoubi
- Inserm, U1286, 4Ème Étage Centre, Place Verdun, 59000, Lille, France.,INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, Univ. Lille, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Aurore Collet
- Inserm, U1286, 4Ème Étage Centre, Place Verdun, 59000, Lille, France.,INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, Univ. Lille, 59000, Lille, France.,Service de Médecine Interne et d'Immunologie Clinique, Centre de Référence Des Maladies Auto-Immunes et Systémiques Rares du Nord et Nord-Ouest de France (CeRAINO), CHU Lille, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Thomas Guerrier
- Inserm, U1286, 4Ème Étage Centre, Place Verdun, 59000, Lille, France.,INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, Univ. Lille, 59000, Lille, France.,Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Pole Biologie et d'Anatomopathologie, CHU Lille, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Alexis Largy
- INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, Univ. Lille, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Silvia Speca
- Inserm, U1286, 4Ème Étage Centre, Place Verdun, 59000, Lille, France.,INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, Univ. Lille, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Solange Vivier
- Inserm, U1286, 4Ème Étage Centre, Place Verdun, 59000, Lille, France.,INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, Univ. Lille, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Fabrice Bray
- CNRS, UAR 3290 - MSAP - Miniaturisation Pour La Synthèse, Univ. Lille, l'Analyse et la Protéomique, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Martin Figeac
- CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, US 41 - UMS 2014 - PLBS, Univ. Lille, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Eric Hachulla
- Inserm, U1286, 4Ème Étage Centre, Place Verdun, 59000, Lille, France.,INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, Univ. Lille, 59000, Lille, France.,Service de Médecine Interne et d'Immunologie Clinique, Centre de Référence Des Maladies Auto-Immunes et Systémiques Rares du Nord et Nord-Ouest de France (CeRAINO), CHU Lille, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Myriam Labalette
- Inserm, U1286, 4Ème Étage Centre, Place Verdun, 59000, Lille, France.,INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, Univ. Lille, 59000, Lille, France.,Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Pole Biologie et d'Anatomopathologie, CHU Lille, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Frédéric Leprêtre
- CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, US 41 - UMS 2014 - PLBS, Univ. Lille, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Shéhérazade Sebda
- CNRS, Inserm, CHU Lille, Institut Pasteur de Lille, US 41 - UMS 2014 - PLBS, Univ. Lille, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Sébastien Sanges
- Inserm, U1286, 4Ème Étage Centre, Place Verdun, 59000, Lille, France.,INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, Univ. Lille, 59000, Lille, France.,Service de Médecine Interne et d'Immunologie Clinique, Centre de Référence Des Maladies Auto-Immunes et Systémiques Rares du Nord et Nord-Ouest de France (CeRAINO), CHU Lille, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Christian Rolando
- CNRS, UAR 3290 - MSAP - Miniaturisation Pour La Synthèse, Univ. Lille, l'Analyse et la Protéomique, 59000, Lille, France.,Shrieking Sixties, 1-3 Allée Lavoisier, 59650, Villeneuve-d'Ascq, France
| | - Vincent Sobanski
- Inserm, U1286, 4Ème Étage Centre, Place Verdun, 59000, Lille, France.,INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, Univ. Lille, 59000, Lille, France.,Service de Médecine Interne et d'Immunologie Clinique, Centre de Référence Des Maladies Auto-Immunes et Systémiques Rares du Nord et Nord-Ouest de France (CeRAINO), CHU Lille, 59000, Lille, France.,Institut Universitaire de France (IUF), 75005, Paris, France
| | - Sylvain Dubucquoi
- Inserm, U1286, 4Ème Étage Centre, Place Verdun, 59000, Lille, France.,INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, Univ. Lille, 59000, Lille, France.,Laboratoire d'Immunologie, Pole Biologie et d'Anatomopathologie, CHU Lille, 59000, Lille, France
| | - David Launay
- Inserm, U1286, 4Ème Étage Centre, Place Verdun, 59000, Lille, France.,INFINITE - Institute for Translational Research in Inflammation, Univ. Lille, 59000, Lille, France.,Service de Médecine Interne et d'Immunologie Clinique, Centre de Référence Des Maladies Auto-Immunes et Systémiques Rares du Nord et Nord-Ouest de France (CeRAINO), CHU Lille, 59000, Lille, France
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Sylakowski K, Hwang MP, Justin A, Whaley D, Wang Y, Wells A. The matricellular protein decorin delivered intradermally with coacervate improves wound resolution in the CXCR3-deficient mouse model of hypertrophic scarring. Wound Repair Regen 2022; 30:436-447. [PMID: 35470921 DOI: 10.1111/wrr.13017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Revised: 03/17/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Cutaneous wound healing is an intricate orchestration of three overlapping phases of repair that encompass numerous cell types, signalling cascades, and microenvironment modifications to reach a successful resolution. Disruption of any of these steps will create an abnormal healing response resulting in either ulceration or excessive scarring. It has become evident that the extracellular matrix and its associated components are key orchestrators during this process. One of these essential matrix proteins is decorin, a small leucine-rich proteoglycan (SLRP) that acts as a regulator of collagen fibrillogenesis and a non-competitive inhibitor of multiple growth factors signalling cascades. Decorin is a necessary shut-off switch for the pro-reparative mechanism of the tissue replacement phase and limits the occurrence of hypertrophic scarring by preventing excessive repair. We investigated the use of decorin as a therapeutic by administering the matrix protein anchored in a slow-release coacervate in a hypertrophic scarring mouse model. The results show that early wound healing phase measurements exhibit little difference in performance compared to our coacervate-only baseline or HB-EGF-treated control mice. However, during the resolution phase of wound healing, the decorin-treatment significantly reduces cutaneous thickness, enhances collagen alignment, and improves overall wound scoring in the mice. Thus, mice treated with decorin display better healing outcomes and could limit the hypertrophic scarring phenotype in the coacervate only, and HB-EGF controls. These results suggest that decorin may be a promising tool and alternative therapy for patients who suffer from over-exuberant matrix deposition during wound healing.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kyle Sylakowski
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,R&D Service, Pittsburgh, VA Health System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Mintai Peter Hwang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Amritha Justin
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Diana Whaley
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,R&D Service, Pittsburgh, VA Health System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Yadong Wang
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, USA
| | - Alan Wells
- Department of Pathology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,McGowan Institute for Regenerative Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,R&D Service, Pittsburgh, VA Health System, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Bioengineering, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA.,Department of Computational & Systems Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Gao R, Tang J, Dong Y, Ming B, Yu Z, Zhong J, Dong L. The Aberrant Levels of Decorin Induce Damages of Human Salivary Gland Epithelial Cells and Polarization of Macrophages. Mod Rheumatol 2022; 33:557-565. [PMID: 35438773 DOI: 10.1093/mr/roac034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2021] [Revised: 03/31/2022] [Accepted: 04/14/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to preliminarily address the levels of decorin (DCN, a critical component of extracellular matrix), and its potential roles in primary sjögren's syndrome (pSS). METHODS DCN levels were determined in the salivary glands of experimental SS (ESS) mice and pSS patients by RNA sequencing, bioinformatics analysis, or immunohistochemical (IHC) staining. Its correlation with interested genes and co-localization with a putative receptor was studied in pSS patients. In addition, its potential roles on salivary gland epithelium and macrophages were tested by exogenous administration to corresponding cell lines, followed by the evaluation of apoptosis using flow cytometry or cytokines expression using quantitative real time PCR. RESULTS Our data revealed a significant elevation of DCN in the salivary glands of experimental SS (ESS) mice model and pSS patients. In addition, the bioinformatics analysis of DCN in GSE40611 (RNA-seq, parotid glands) dataset displayed an elevation of DCN level in the parotid glands of pSS patients that positively correlated with several chemokines (CXCL13, CXCL9, CCL20), IL-1ß, and caspase3 but negatively correlated with the proliferation relative gene MKI67. The stimulatory effects of DCN on the salivary gland epithelial cells (A253 cell line) and macrophages have been determined as they are considered active participants in the progression of SS. The data showed that DCN induced apoptosis of A253 cells and polarization of macrophages toward the M1 phenotype, characterized by the expression of pro-inflammatory cytokines. CONCLUSION Our study provided preliminary evidence to understand the clinical significance of DCN in pSS and broadened our horizons in understanding the mechanism of pSS.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rongfen Gao
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunolog, Tongji Hospitaly, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jungen Tang
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunolog, Tongji Hospitaly, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Yuanji Dong
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunolog, Tongji Hospitaly, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Bingxia Ming
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunolog, Tongji Hospitaly, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhihua Yu
- Department of Pathology, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Jixin Zhong
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunolog, Tongji Hospitaly, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| | - Lingli Dong
- Department of Rheumatology and Immunolog, Tongji Hospitaly, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
| |
Collapse
|
33
|
Zhang Y, Liu C, Wang T, Kong F, Zhang H, Yi J, Dong X, Duan H, Tao N, Yang Y, Wang H. Therapeutic effects of mesenchymal stem cells loaded with oncolytic adenovirus carrying decorin on a breast cancer lung metastatic mouse model. Mol Ther Oncolytics 2022; 24:486-496. [PMID: 35229027 PMCID: PMC8850566 DOI: 10.1016/j.omto.2022.01.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic adenoviruses (OAds) are alternative immune therapeutic strategies for tumors. However, liver uptake and antibody neutralization are two major barriers for systemic delivery during the treatment of tumor metastasis. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) have emerged as potential vehicles to improve delivery. In this study, we loaded umbilical-cord-derived MSCs (UC-MSCs) with OAds expressing decorin (rAd.DCN) or without foreign genes (rAd.Null) to treat breast cancer lung metastasis. In vivo, rAd.Null, MSCs.Null, and rAd.DCN exhibited antitumor effects compared with other groups in a mouse model. Unexpectedly, MSCs.Null showed much greater antitumor responses than MSCs.DCN, including improved survival and reduced tumor burden. Compared with rAd.Null, both MSCs.Null and MSCs.DCN could improve the viral spread and distribution in metastatic tumor lesions in the lung. MSCs.DCN produced much more decorin in lungs than rAd.DCN; however, rAd.DCN reduced the downstream target genes of decorin much more strongly than MSCs.DCN, which was consistent with in vitro findings. In addition, rAd.DCN, MSCs.Null, and MSCs.DCN could reduce The cytokine levels in the lung. In conclusion, MSCs improved oncolytic adenoviral delivery and spread in tumor tissues and enhanced therapeutic effects. However, MSCs.DCN reduced OAd-evoked antitumor responses, possibly via a contact-dependent mechanism.
Collapse
|
34
|
De Kinderen P, Meester J, Loeys B, Peeters S, Gouze E, Woods S, Mortier G, Verstraeten A. Differentiation of Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells Into Chondrocytes: Methods and Applications for Disease Modeling and Drug Discovery. J Bone Miner Res 2022; 37:397-410. [PMID: 35124831 DOI: 10.1002/jbmr.4524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 01/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
Induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology allows pathomechanistic and therapeutic investigation of human heritable disorders affecting tissue types whose collection from patients is difficult or even impossible. Among them are cartilage diseases. Over the past decade, iPSC-chondrocyte disease models have been shown to exhibit several key aspects of known disease mechanisms. Concurrently, an increasing number of protocols to differentiate iPSCs into chondrocytes have been published, each with its respective (dis)advantages. In this review we provide a comprehensive overview of the different differentiation approaches, the hitherto described iPSC-chondrocyte disease models and mechanistic and/or therapeutic insights that have been derived from their investigation, and the current model limitations. Key lessons are that the most appropriate differentiation approach is dependent upon the cartilage disease under investigation and that further optimization is still required to recapitulate the in vivo cartilage. © 2022 American Society for Bone and Mineral Research (ASBMR).
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pauline De Kinderen
- Centre of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Josephina Meester
- Centre of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Bart Loeys
- Centre of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium.,Department of Human Genetics, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Center, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Silke Peeters
- Centre of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Elvire Gouze
- Université Côte d'Azur, CNRS, Inserm, iBV, Nice, France
| | - Steven Woods
- Division of Cell Matrix Biology and Regenerative Medicine, School of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester, UK
| | - Geert Mortier
- Centre of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Aline Verstraeten
- Centre of Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp and Antwerp University Hospital, Antwerp, Belgium
| |
Collapse
|
35
|
Xie C, Mondal DK, Ulas M, Neill T, Iozzo RV. Oncosuppressive roles of decorin through regulation of multiple receptors and diverse signaling pathways. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 322:C554-C566. [PMID: 35171698 PMCID: PMC8917911 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00016.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Decorin is a stromal-derived prototype member of the small leucine-rich proteoglycan gene family. In addition to its functions as a regulator of collagen fibrillogenesis and TGF-β activity soluble decorin acts as a pan-receptor tyrosine kinase (RTK) inhibitor. Decorin binds to various RTKs including EGFR HER2 HGFR/Met VEGFR2 TLR and IGFR. Although the molecular mechanism for the action of decorin on these receptors is not entirely elucidated overall decorin evokes transient activation of these receptors with suppression of downstream signaling cascades culminating in growth inhibition followed by their physical downregulation via caveosomal internalization and degradation. In the case of Met decorin leads to decreased β-catenin signaling pathway and growth suppression. As most of these RTKs are responsible for providing a growth advantage to cancer cells the result of decorin treatment is oncosuppression. Another decorin-driven mechanism to restrict cancer growth and dissemination is by impeding angiogenesis via vascular endothelial growth factor receptor 2 (VEGFR2) and the concurrent activation of protracted endothelial cell autophagy. In this review we will dissect the multiple roles of decorin in cancer biology and its potential use as a next-generation protein-based adjuvant therapy to combat cancer.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Christopher Xie
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology and the Translational Cellular Oncology Program, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Dipon K. Mondal
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology and the Translational Cellular Oncology Program, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Mikdat Ulas
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology and the Translational Cellular Oncology Program, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Thomas Neill
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology and the Translational Cellular Oncology Program, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Renato V. Iozzo
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology and the Translational Cellular Oncology Program, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Neill T, Iozzo RV. The Role of Decorin Proteoglycan in Mitophagy. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14030804. [PMID: 35159071 PMCID: PMC8834502 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14030804] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 02/02/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary The eminent rise of extracellular matrix constituents, chiefly hailing from the proteoglycan gene family, has revolutionized our understanding of how intracellular catabolism is regulated at the intersection of autophagy and breast cancer. In this review, we examine the mechanisms of decorin, a small leucine-rich proteoglycan, as it relates to autophagy and mitochondrial autophagy (mitophagy). In each case, decorin signals via a unique cell surface receptor tyrosine kinase to evoke autophagy (VEGFR2) or mitophagy (MET receptor) that converges on a novel tumor suppressor gene. The downstream function of either Peg3 or mitostatin in response to decorin manifests as potent means to subdue breast cancer development and progression. Abstract Proteoglycans are emerging as critical regulators of intracellular catabolism. This rise in prominence has transformed our basic understanding and alerted us to the existence of non-canonical pathways, independent of nutrient deprivation, that potently control the autophagy downstream of a cell surface receptor. As a member of the small leucine-rich proteoglycan gene family, decorin has single-handedly pioneered the connection between extracellular matrix signaling and autophagy regulation. Soluble decorin evokes protracted endothelial cell autophagy via Peg3 and breast carcinoma cell mitophagy via mitostatin by interacting with VEGFR2 or the MET receptor tyrosine kinase, respectively. In this paper, we give a mechanistic perspective of the vital factors underlying the nutrient-independent, SLRP-dependent programs utilized for autophagic and/or mitophagic progression in breast cancer. Future protein therapies based on decorin (or fellow proteoglycan members) will represent a quantum leap forward in transforming autophagic progression into a powerful tool to control intracellular cell catabolism from the outside.
Collapse
|
37
|
The Proteolysis of ECM in Intervertebral Disc Degeneration. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23031715. [PMID: 35163637 PMCID: PMC8835917 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23031715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2021] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 01/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Intervertebral disc (IVD) degeneration (IDD) is a pathological process that commonly occurs throughout the human life span and is a major cause of lower back pain. Better elucidation of the molecular mechanisms involved in disc degeneration could provide a theoretical basis for the development of lumbar disc intervention strategies. In recent years, extracellular matrix (ECM) homeostasis has received much attention due to its relevance to the mechanical properties of IVDs. ECM proteolysis mediated by a variety of proteases is involved in the pathological process of disc degeneration. Here, we discuss in detail the relationship between the IVD as well as the ECM and the role of ECM proteolysis in the degenerative process of the IVD. Targeting ECM proteolysis-associated proteases may be an effective means of intervention in IDD.
Collapse
|
38
|
Cristi F, Gutiérrez T, Hitt MM, Shmulevitz M. Genetic Modifications That Expand Oncolytic Virus Potency. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:831091. [PMID: 35155581 PMCID: PMC8826539 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.831091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are a promising type of cancer therapy since they selectively replicate in tumor cells without damaging healthy cells. Many oncolytic viruses have progressed to human clinical trials, however, their performance as monotherapy has not been as successful as expected. Importantly, recent literature suggests that the oncolytic potential of these viruses can be further increased by genetically modifying the viruses. In this review, we describe genetic modifications to OVs that improve their ability to kill tumor cells directly, to dismantle the tumor microenvironment, or to alter tumor cell signaling and enhance anti-tumor immunity. These advances are particularly important to increase virus spread and reduce metastasis, as demonstrated in animal models. Since metastasis is the principal cause of mortality in cancer patients, having OVs designed to target metastases could transform cancer therapy. The genetic alterations reported to date are only the beginning of all possible improvements to OVs. Modifications described here could be combined together, targeting multiple processes, or with other non-viral therapies with potential to provide a strong and lasting anti-tumor response in cancer patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Francisca Cristi
- Shmulevitz Laboratory, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Tomás Gutiérrez
- Goping Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Mary M. Hitt
- Hitt Laboratory, Department of Oncology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- *Correspondence: Mary M. Hitt, ; Maya Shmulevitz,
| | - Maya Shmulevitz
- Shmulevitz Laboratory, Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
- *Correspondence: Mary M. Hitt, ; Maya Shmulevitz,
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Fibroblast-derived prolargin is a tumor suppressor in hepatocellular carcinoma. Oncogene 2022; 41:1410-1420. [PMID: 35031773 DOI: 10.1038/s41388-021-02171-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2021] [Revised: 12/13/2021] [Accepted: 12/23/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Cancer-associated fibroblasts (CAF) are important constituents of the tumor microenvironment (TME) and are major drivers of tumorigenesis. Yet, therapies aiming at eliminating CAF have failed to cure patients. This setback has raised questions regarding whether CAF exclusively favour cancer progression, or if they may also assume tumor-suppressor functions. In the present study, we used proteomics and single cell RNA-sequencing analysis to examine the CAF landscape in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We thereby unveil three major CAF populations in HCC, one of which specifically expressing the prolargin protein. This CAF subpopulation (further termed as CAF_Port) shared a strong transcriptomic signature with portal liver fibroblasts. We further show that CAF_Port deposit prolargin in the TME and that its levels are lower in tumors as compared to the peritumoral region. Mechanistically, aggressive cancer cells degraded prolargin using matrix metalloprotease activity. Survival analysis of 188 patients revealed that high prolargin protein levels correlate with good patient outcome (HR = 0.37; p = 0.01). In vivo, co-injection of cancer cells with fibroblasts silenced for prolargin, led to faster tumor development (5-fold; p = 0.01), mainly due to stronger angiogenesis. Using protein-protein interaction study and structural modelling, we further demonstrate that prolargin binds and inhibits the activity of several pro-agiogenic proteins, including hepatocyte and fibroblast growth factors. In conclusion, prolargin is angiogenesis modulator and CAF-derived tumor suppressor in HCC. Stabilizing prolargin levels in the CAF_Port subpopulation may revert their tumor-antagonizing properties, warranting exploration in further pre-clinical studies.
Collapse
|
40
|
Žlajpah M, Urh K, Grosek J, Zidar N, Boštjančič E. Differential Expression of Decorin in Metastasising Colorectal Carcinoma Is Regulated by miR-200c and Long Non-Coding RNAs. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10010142. [PMID: 35052821 PMCID: PMC8773424 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10010142] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Decorin (DCN) is one of the matricellular proteins that participate in normal cells’ function as well as in cancerogenesis. While its expression in primary tumours is well known, there is limited data about its expression in metastases. Furthermore, the post-transcriptional regulation of DCN is still questionable, although it is well accepted that it is an important mechanism of developing metastatic cancer. The aim of our study was to analyse the expression of DCN and its potential regulatory ncRNAs in metastatic colorectal carcinoma (CRC). Nineteen patients with metastatic CRC were included. Using qPCR, we analysed the expression of DCN, miR-200c and five lncRNAs (LUCAT1, MALAT1, lncTCF7, XIST, and ZFAS1) in lymph node and liver metastases in comparison to the invasive front and central part of a primary tumour. Our results showed insignificant upregulation of DCN and significant upregulation for miR-200c, MALAT1, lncTCF7 and ZFAS1 in metastases compared to the primary tumour. miR-200c showed a positive correlation with DCN, and the aforementioned lncRNAs exhibited a significant positive correlation with miR-200c expression in metastatic CRC. Our results suggest that DCN as well as miR-200c, MALAT1, lncTCF7 and ZFAS1 contribute to the development of metastases in CRC and that regulation of DCN expression in CRC by ncRNAs is accomplished in an indirect manner.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Margareta Žlajpah
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.Ž.); (K.U.); (N.Z.)
| | - Kristian Urh
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.Ž.); (K.U.); (N.Z.)
| | - Jan Grosek
- Department of Abdominal Surgery, University Medical Centre Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
- Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Nina Zidar
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.Ž.); (K.U.); (N.Z.)
| | - Emanuela Boštjančič
- Institute of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia; (M.Ž.); (K.U.); (N.Z.)
- Correspondence:
| |
Collapse
|
41
|
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) exists as a dynamic network of biophysical and biochemical factors that maintain tissue homeostasis. Given its sensitivity to changes in the intra- and extracellular space, the plasticity of the ECM can be pathological in driving disease through aberrant matrix remodelling. In particular, cancer uses the matrix for its proliferation, angiogenesis, cellular reprogramming and metastatic spread. An emerging field of matrix biology focuses on proteoglycans that regulate autophagy, an intracellular process that plays both critical and contextual roles in cancer. Here, we review the most prominent autophagic modulators from the matrix and the current understanding of the cellular pathways and signalling cascades that mechanistically drive their autophagic function. We then critically assess how their autophagic functions influence tumorigenesis, emphasizing the complexities and stage-dependent nature of this relationship in cancer. We highlight novel emerging data on immunoglobulin-containing and proline-rich receptor-1, heparanase and thrombospondin 1 in autophagy and cancer. Finally, we further discuss the pro- and anti-autophagic modulators originating from the ECM, as well as how these proteoglycans and other matrix constituents specifically influence cancer progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn G. Chen
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology and the Translational Cellular Oncology Program, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| | - Renato V. Iozzo
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology and the Translational Cellular Oncology Program, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Diehl V, Huber LS, Trebicka J, Wygrecka M, Iozzo RV, Schaefer L. The Role of Decorin and Biglycan Signaling in Tumorigenesis. Front Oncol 2021; 11:801801. [PMID: 34917515 PMCID: PMC8668865 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.801801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The complex and adaptive nature of malignant neoplasm constitute a major challenge for the development of effective anti-oncogenic therapies. Emerging evidence has uncovered the pivotal functions exerted by the small leucine-rich proteoglycans, decorin and biglycan, in affecting tumor growth and progression. In their soluble forms, decorin and biglycan act as powerful signaling molecules. By receptor-mediated signal transduction, both proteoglycans modulate key processes vital for tumor initiation and progression, such as autophagy, inflammation, cell-cycle, apoptosis, and angiogenesis. Despite of their structural homology, these two proteoglycans interact with distinct cell surface receptors and thus modulate distinct signaling pathways that ultimately affect cancer development. In this review, we summarize growing evidence for the complex roles of decorin and biglycan signaling in tumor biology and address potential novel therapeutic implications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Diehl
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Lisa Sophie Huber
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Jonel Trebicka
- Department of Internal Medicine I, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| | - Malgorzata Wygrecka
- Center for Infection and Genomics of the Lung, Member of the German Center for Lung Research, University of Giessen and Marburg Lung Center, Giessen, Germany
| | - Renato V. Iozzo
- Department of Pathology, Anatomy and Cell Biology and the Translational Cellular Oncology Program, Sidney Kimmel Cancer Center, Sidney Kimmel Medical College at Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Liliana Schaefer
- Institute of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Goethe University, Frankfurt, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Halari CD, Renaud SJ, Lala PK. Molecular mechanisms in IL-1β-mediated decorin production by decidual cells. Mol Hum Reprod 2021; 27:6463501. [PMID: 34915564 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaab068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Decorin, a small leucine-rich proteoglycan produced by decidual cells restrains trophoblast differentiation, migration and invasiveness of extra-villous trophoblast cells. Decidual overproduction of decorin is associated with preeclampsia, and elevated decorin levels in maternal plasma are a predictive biomarker of preeclampsia. Furthermore, decorin plays an autocrine role in maturation of human endometrial stromal cells into decidual cells. Thus, a balanced decorin production by the decidua is critical for healthy pregnancy. However, the molecular mechanisms regulating decorin production by the decidua are unclear. Interleukin-1 beta is an inflammation-associated multi-functional cytokine, and is reported to induce decidualization in primates. Hence, the present study was designed: (i) to test if exogenous Interleukin-1 beta stimulated decorin production by human endometrial stromal cells; and if so, (ii) to identify the cellular source of Interleukin-1 beta in first trimester decidual tissue; (iii) to identify the downstream molecular partners in Interleukin-1 beta mediated decorin production by human endometrial stromal cells. Results revealed that (i) amongst multiple pro-inflammatory cytokines tested, Interleukin-1 beta alone stimulated decorin production by these cells; (ii) both macrophages and decidual cells in first trimester decidua produced Interleukin-1 beta; (iii) Interleukin-1 beta mediated decorin production was dependent on Interleukin-1 receptor activation, followed by activation and nuclear translocation of nuclear factor kappa B and its binding to the decorin promoter. These results reveal that Interleukin-1 beta plays a novel role in inducing decorin production by human endometrial stromal cells by activating nuclear factor kappa B.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C D Halari
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - S J Renaud
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Children's Health Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - P K Lala
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Children's Health Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Zhu J, Yang G. H 2S signaling and extracellular matrix remodeling in cardiovascular diseases: A tale of tense relationship. Nitric Oxide 2021; 116:14-26. [PMID: 34428564 DOI: 10.1016/j.niox.2021.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Revised: 08/16/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Extracellular matrix (ECM) is a non-cellular three-dimensional macromolecular network that not only provides mechanical support but also transduces essential molecular signals in organ functions. ECM is constantly remodeled to control tissue homeostasis, responsible for cell adhesion, cell migration, cell-to-cell communication, and cell differentiation, etc. The dysregulation of ECM components contributes to various diseases, including cardiovascular diseases, fibrosis, cancer, and neurodegenerative diseases, etc. Aberrant ECM remodeling is initiated by various stress, such as oxidative stress, inflammation, ischemia, and mechanical stress, etc. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) is a gasotransmitter that exhibits a wide variety of cytoprotective and physiological functions through its anti-oxidative and anti-inflammatory actions. Amounting research shows that H2S can attenuate aberrant ECM remodeling. In this review, we discussed the implications and mechanisms of H2S in the regulation of ECM remodeling in cardiovascular diseases, and highlighted the potential of H2S in the prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases through attenuating adverse ECM remodeling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jiechun Zhu
- School of Biological, Chemical & Forensic Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada; Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research Unit, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada
| | - Guangdong Yang
- School of Biological, Chemical & Forensic Sciences, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada; Cardiovascular and Metabolic Research Unit, Laurentian University, Sudbury, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Nyström A, Bruckner-Tuderman L, Kiritsi D. Dystrophic Epidermolysis Bullosa: Secondary Disease Mechanisms and Disease Modifiers. Front Genet 2021; 12:737272. [PMID: 34650598 PMCID: PMC8505774 DOI: 10.3389/fgene.2021.737272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/25/2021] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The phenotypic presentation of monogenetic diseases is determined not only by the nature of the causative mutations but also is influenced by manifold cellular, microenvironmental, and external factors. Here, heritable extracellular matrix diseases, including dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa (DEB), are no exceptions. Dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa is caused by mutations in the COL7A1 gene encoding collagen VII. Deficiency of collagen VII leads to skin and mucosal fragility, which progresses from skin blistering to severe fibrosis and cancer. Clinical and pre-clinical studies suggest that targeting of secondary disease mechanisms or employment of natural disease modifiers can alleviate DEB severity and progression. However, since many of these mechanisms are needed for tissue homeostasis, informed, selective targeting is essential for safe and efficacious treatment. Here, we discuss a selection of key disease modifiers and modifying processes active in DEB, summarize the still scattered knowledge of them, and reflect on ways forward toward their utilization for symptom-relief or enhancement of curative therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alexander Nyström
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Faculty, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Freiburg Institute for Advanced Studies, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Leena Bruckner-Tuderman
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Faculty, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Dimitra Kiritsi
- Department of Dermatology, Medical Faculty, Medical Center - University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
46
|
Roles of Two Small Leucine-Rich Proteoglycans Decorin and Biglycan in Pregnancy and Pregnancy-Associated Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221910584. [PMID: 34638928 PMCID: PMC8509074 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910584] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 09/21/2021] [Accepted: 09/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Two small leucine-rich proteoglycans (SLRP), decorin and biglycan, play important roles in structural–functional integrity of the placenta and fetal membranes, and their alterations can result in several pregnancy-associated diseases. In this review, we briefly discuss normal placental structure and functions, define and classify SLRPs, and then focus on two SLRPs, decorin (DCN) and biglycan (BGN). We discuss the consequences of deletions/mutations of DCN and BGN. We then summarize DCN and BGN expression in the pregnant uterus, myometrium, decidua, placenta, and fetal membranes. Actions of these SLRPs as ligands are then discussed in the context of multiple binding partners in the extracellular matrix and cell surface (receptors), as well as their alterations in pathological pregnancies, such as preeclampsia, fetal growth restriction, and preterm premature rupture of membranes. Lastly, we raise some unanswered questions as food for thought.
Collapse
|
47
|
Geyik A, Koc B, Micili SC, Kiray M, Vayvada H, Guler S. Effect of decorin protein administration on rat sciatic nerve injury: an experimental study. Neurol Res 2021; 44:252-261. [PMID: 34581256 DOI: 10.1080/01616412.2021.1975226] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Peripheral nerve traumas are common injuries in young adult population. The myriad of techniques and medications have been defined to obtain better recovery but none of them was proved to have superior effect. This study aims to determine the anti-fibrotic effect of the decorin on sciatic nerve injury in order to enhance functional outcome. MATERIALS AND METHODS 24 12-week-old male Sprague-Dawley rats (350-400 gr) were divided into four groups. The sciatic nerve was dissected and exposed; a full-thickness laceration was created 1.5 cm proximal to the bifurcation point and 1.5 cm distal to where it originated from the lumbosacral plexus. Motor and sensory tests were conducted before and after the operations for evaluating the nerve healing. RESULTS There was a statistically significant difference between DCN bolus and PBS bolus group. (p<0.0001, p<0.05) in neuromotor tests. Increase of the latency was significantly lower in DCN bolus and infusion group when compared with the PBS bolus group. (p<0,001). All operated gastrocnemius muscles were atrophic compared with the contralateral side. The differences between the averages in the sciatic functional index, the improvement of the DCN infusion group was 8.6 units better than the PBS group and 4.4 units better than the DCN bolus group. When the amount of stimulation was 10 mV at the proximal segment in electromyography, there was no significant difference between the DCN bolus and sham groups. (p> 0.05, p = 0.6623). CONCLUSION Decorin protein reduces the fibrosis and enhances the motor and sensory recovery both clinically and histologically. Despite the high cost, short half-life and production issues, this protein could be administered after the microsurgical repair but more studies are required to overcome the limitations.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alper Geyik
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Basar Koc
- Department of Physiology, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | | | - Müge Kiray
- Department of Physiology, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Haluk Vayvada
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Selin Guler
- Department of Plastic, Reconstructive, and Aesthetic Surgery, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir, Turkey
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Halari CD, Nandi P, Jeyarajah MJ, Renaud SJ, Lala PK. Decorin production by the human decidua: role in decidual cell maturation. Mol Hum Reprod 2021; 26:784-796. [PMID: 32866233 DOI: 10.1093/molehr/gaaa058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2020] [Revised: 08/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Decidualization involves the proliferation and differentiation of fibroblast-like endometrial stromal cells into epithelioid-shaped and secretory 'decidual' cells in response to steroid hormones. Human decidual cells produce insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1 and prolactin (PRL), two well-recognized markers of decidual cell maturation and a proteoglycan decorin (DCN). We reported that DCN restrains the human trophoblast renewal, migration, invasion and endovascular differentiation needed for uterine arterial remodeling during normal pregnancy. DCN overproduction by the decidua is associated with a hypo-invasive placenta and a serious pregnancy disorder, pre-eclampsia (PE). Furthermore, elevated maternal plasma DCN levels during the second trimester is a predictive biomarker of PE. While these paracrine roles of decidua-derived DCN on trophoblast physiology and pathology have been well-defined, it remains unknown whether DCN plays any autocrine role in decidual cell development. The objectives of this study were to examine: the kinetics of DCN production during decidualization of human endometrial stromal cells; gestational age-related changes in DCN production by the first trimester decidua; and a possible autocrine role of DCN on decidual cell maturation. We found that DCN production is enhanced during decidualization of both primary and immortalized human endometrial stromal cells in vitro and during early gestation in decidual samples tested ex vivo, and that it is important for endometrial stromal cell maturation into a decidual phenotype. Decorin-depleted human endometrial stromal cells exposed to decidualizing stimuli failed to mature fully, as evidenced by fibroblastoid morphology, reduced insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1 and PRL expression, and reduction in cellular ploidy. We identified heart and neural crest derivatives-expressed protein 2, and progesterone receptor as potential downstream mediators of DCN effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- C D Halari
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - P Nandi
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - M J Jeyarajah
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - S J Renaud
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Children's Health Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| | - P K Lala
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Children's Health Research Institute, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada.,Department of Oncology, Schulich School of Medicine and Dentistry, The University of Western Ontario, London, ON, Canada
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Basak D, Jamal Z, Ghosh A, Mondal PK, Dey Talukdar P, Ghosh S, Ghosh Roy B, Ghosh R, Halder A, Chowdhury A, Dhali GK, Chattopadhyay BK, Saha ML, Basu A, Roy S, Mukherjee C, Biswas NK, Chatterji U, Datta S. Reciprocal interplay between asporin and decorin: Implications in gastric cancer prognosis. PLoS One 2021; 16:e0255915. [PMID: 34379688 PMCID: PMC8357146 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0255915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 07/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Effective patient prognosis necessitates identification of novel tumor promoting drivers of gastric cancer (GC) which contribute to worsened conditions by analysing TCGA-gastric adenocarcinoma dataset. Small leucine-rich proteoglycans, asporin (ASPN) and decorin (DCN), play overlapping roles in development and diseases; however, the mechanisms underlying their interplay remain elusive. Here, we investigated the complex interplay of asporin, decorin and their interaction with TGFβ in GC tumor and corresponding normal tissues. The mRNA levels, protein expressions and cellular localizations of ASPN and DCN were analyzed using real-time PCR, western blot and immunohistochemistry, respectively. The protein-protein interaction was predicted by in-silico interaction analysis and validated by co-immunoprecipitation assay. The correlations between ASPN and EMT proteins, VEGF and collagen were achieved using western blot analysis. A significant increase in expression of ASPN in tumor tissue vs. normal tissue was observed in both TCGA and our patient cohort. DCN, an effective inhibitor of the TGFβ pathway, was negatively correlated with stages of GC. Co-immunoprecipitation demonstrated that DCN binds with TGFβ, in normal gastric epithelium, whereas in GC, ASPN preferentially binds TGFβ. Possible activation of the canonical TGFβ pathway by phosphorylation of SMAD2 in tumor tissues suggests its role as an intracellular tumor promoter. Furthermore, tissues expressing ASPN showed unregulated EMT signalling. Our study uncovers ASPN as a GC-promoting gene and DCN as tumor suppressor, suggesting that ASPN can act as a prognostic marker in GC. For the first time, we describe the physical interaction of TGFβ with ASPN in GC and DCN with TGFβ in GC and normal gastric epithelium respectively. This study suggests that prevention of ASPN-TGFβ interaction or overexpression of DCN could serve as promising therapeutic strategies for GC patients.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dipjit Basak
- Human Genetics Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, India
| | - Zarqua Jamal
- Cancer Research Lab, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Arnab Ghosh
- National Institute of Biomedical Genomics, Kalyani, India
| | | | | | - Semanti Ghosh
- Crystallography and Molecular Biology Division, Saha Institute of Nuclear Physics, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Ranajoy Ghosh
- The School of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Aniket Halder
- The School of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Abhijit Chowdhury
- The School of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Gopal Krishna Dhali
- The School of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
| | | | - Makhan Lal Saha
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Abhimanyu Basu
- Department of Surgery, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Sukanta Roy
- The School of Digestive and Liver Diseases, Institute of Post Graduate Medical Education and Research, Kolkata, India
| | | | | | - Urmi Chatterji
- Cancer Research Lab, Department of Zoology, University of Calcutta, Kolkata, India
| | - Shalini Datta
- Human Genetics Unit, Indian Statistical Institute, Kolkata, India
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
50
|
Hayes AJ, Melrose J. Neural Tissue Homeostasis and Repair Is Regulated via CS and DS Proteoglycan Motifs. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:696640. [PMID: 34409033 PMCID: PMC8365427 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.696640] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/13/2021] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is the most abundant and widely distributed glycosaminoglycan (GAG) in the human body. As a component of proteoglycans (PGs) it has numerous roles in matrix stabilization and cellular regulation. This chapter highlights the roles of CS and CS-PGs in the central and peripheral nervous systems (CNS/PNS). CS has specific cell regulatory roles that control tissue function and homeostasis. The CNS/PNS contains a diverse range of CS-PGs which direct the development of embryonic neural axonal networks, and the responses of neural cell populations in mature tissues to traumatic injury. Following brain trauma and spinal cord injury, a stabilizing CS-PG-rich scar tissue is laid down at the defect site to protect neural tissues, which are amongst the softest tissues of the human body. Unfortunately, the CS concentrated in gliotic scars also inhibits neural outgrowth and functional recovery. CS has well known inhibitory properties over neural behavior, and animal models of CNS/PNS injury have demonstrated that selective degradation of CS using chondroitinase improves neuronal functional recovery. CS-PGs are present diffusely in the CNS but also form denser regions of extracellular matrix termed perineuronal nets which surround neurons. Hyaluronan is immobilized in hyalectan CS-PG aggregates in these perineural structures, which provide neural protection, synapse, and neural plasticity, and have roles in memory and cognitive learning. Despite the generally inhibitory cues delivered by CS-A and CS-C, some CS-PGs containing highly charged CS disaccharides (CS-D, CS-E) or dermatan sulfate (DS) disaccharides that promote neural outgrowth and functional recovery. CS/DS thus has varied cell regulatory properties and structural ECM supportive roles in the CNS/PNS depending on the glycoform present and its location in tissue niches and specific cellular contexts. Studies on the fruit fly, Drosophila melanogaster and the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans have provided insightful information on neural interconnectivity and the role of the ECM and its PGs in neural development and in tissue morphogenesis in a whole organism environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anthony J. Hayes
- Bioimaging Research Hub, Cardiff School of Biosciences, Cardiff University, Wales, United Kingdom
| | - James Melrose
- Graduate School of Biomedical Engineering, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
- Raymond Purves Bone and Joint Research Laboratories, Kolling Institute of Medical Research, Royal North Shore Hospital and The Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, St. Leonard’s, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|