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Ishii D, Kawasaki T, Sato H, Tatsumi K, Imamoto T, Yoshioka K, Abe M, Hasegawa Y, Ohara O, Suzuki T. Effects of Anti-Fibrotic Drugs on Transcriptome of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:3750. [PMID: 38612561 PMCID: PMC11011476 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25073750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 03/25/2024] [Accepted: 03/26/2024] [Indexed: 04/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Two anti-fibrotic drugs, pirfenidone (PFD) and nintedanib (NTD), are currently used to treat idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) are immunocompetent cells that could orchestrate cell-cell interactions associated with IPF pathogenesis. We employed RNA sequencing to examine the transcriptome signature in the bulk PBMCs of patients with IPF and the effects of anti-fibrotic drugs on these signatures. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between "patients with IPF and healthy controls" and "before and after anti-fibrotic treatment" were analyzed. Enrichment analysis suggested that fatty acid elongation interferes with TGF-β/Smad signaling and the production of oxidative stress since treatment with NTD upregulates the fatty acid elongation enzymes ELOVL6. Treatment with PFD downregulates COL1A1, which produces wound-healing collagens because activated monocyte-derived macrophages participate in the production of collagen, type I, and alpha 1 during tissue damage. Plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) regulates wound healing by inhibiting plasmin-mediated matrix metalloproteinase activation, and the inhibition of PAI-1 activity attenuates lung fibrosis. DEG analysis suggested that both the PFD and NTD upregulate SERPINE1, which regulates PAI-1 activity. This study embraces a novel approach by using RNA sequencing to examine PBMCs in IPF, potentially revealing systemic biomarkers or pathways that could be targeted for therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daisuke Ishii
- Department of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Takeshi Kawasaki
- Department of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Hironori Sato
- Department of Pediatrics, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Koichiro Tatsumi
- Department of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Takuro Imamoto
- Department of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Keiichiro Yoshioka
- Department of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Mitsuhiro Abe
- Department of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Hasegawa
- Department of Applied Genomics, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Osamu Ohara
- Department of Applied Genomics, Kazusa DNA Research Institute, Chiba 292-0818, Japan
| | - Takuji Suzuki
- Department of Respirology, Graduate School of Medicine, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
- Synergy Institute for Futuristic Mucosal Vaccine Research and Development, Chiba University, Chiba 260-8670, Japan
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Ha JH, Lee BW, Yi DH, Lee SJ, Kim WI, Pak SW, Kim HY, Kim SH, Shin IS, Kim JC, Lee IC. Particulate matter-mediated oxidative stress induces airway inflammation and pulmonary dysfunction through TXNIP/NF-κB and modulation of the SIRT1-mediated p53 and TGF-β/Smad3 pathways in mice. Food Chem Toxicol 2024; 183:114201. [PMID: 38013002 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2023.114201] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Revised: 11/01/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
Exposure to particulate matter is currently recognized as a serious aggravating factor of respiratory diseases. In this study, we investigated the effects of particulate matter (PM) on the respiratory system in BALB/c mice and NCI-H292 cells. PM (0, 2.5, 5 and 20 mg/kg) was administered to mice by intra-tracheal instillation for 7 days. After a 7 day-repeated treatment of PM, we evaluated inflammatory cytokines/cell counts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and conducted pulmonary histology and functional test. We also investigated the role of TXNIP/NF-κB and SIRT1-mediated p53 and TGF-β/Smad3 pathways in PM-induced airway inflammation and pulmonary dysfunction. PM caused a significant increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines, inflammatory cell counts in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid. PM-mediated oxidative stress down-regulated thioredoxin-1 and up-regulated thioredoxin-interacting protein and activation of nuclear factor-kappa B in the lung tissue and PM-treated NCI-H292 cells. PM suppressed sirtuin1 protein levels and increased p53 acetylation in PM-exposed mice and PM-treated NCI-H292 cells. In addition, PM caused inflammatory cell infiltration and the thickening of alveolar walls by exacerbating the inflammatory response in the lung tissue. PM increased levels of transforming growth factor-β, phosphorylation of Smad3 and activation of α-smooth muscle actin, and collagen type1A2 in PM-exposed mice and PM-treated NCI-H292 cells. In pulmonary function tests, PM exposure impaired pulmonary function resembling pulmonary fibrosis, characterized by increased resistance and elastance of the respiratory system, and resistance, elastance, and damping of lung tissues, whereas decreased compliance of the respiratory system, forced expired volume and forced vital capacity. Overall, PM-mediated oxidative stress caused airway inflammation and pulmonary dysfunction with pulmonary fibrosis via TXNIP pathway/NF-κB activation and modulation of the SIRT1-mediated TGF-β/Smad3 pathways. The results of this study can provide fundamental data on the potential adverse effects and underlying mechanism of pulmonary fibrosis caused by PM exposure as a public health concern. Due to the potential toxicity of PM, people with respiratory disease must be careful with PM exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji-Hye Ha
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup, Republic of Korea; College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Ba-Wool Lee
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup, Republic of Korea; College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Hye Yi
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
| | - Se-Jin Lee
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Woong-Il Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - So-Won Pak
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeon-Young Kim
- Jeonbuk Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
| | - Sung-Hwan Kim
- Jeonbuk Branch Institute, Korea Institute of Toxicology, Jeongeup, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Sik Shin
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-Choon Kim
- College of Veterinary Medicine and BK21 FOUR Program, Chonnam National University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea.
| | - In-Chul Lee
- Functional Biomaterial Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience and Biotechnology, Jeongeup, Republic of Korea.
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Kwon YJ, Kwon TU, Shin S, Lee B, Lee H, Park H, Kim D, Moon A, Chun YJ. Enhancing the invasive traits of breast cancers by CYP1B1 via regulation of p53 to promote uPAR expression. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:166868. [PMID: 37661069 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2023.166868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Human cytochrome P450 1B1 (CYP1B1) catalyzes estrogen metabolism to produce metabolites that promote the progression of breast cancer. Since the invasive properties of cancer cells cause cancer relapse, which dramatically reduces patient survival, we investigated the new pro-invasive mechanism involving CYP1B1 in breast cancer. Exploring clinical data from invasive breast cancer patients revealed that CYP1B1 exhibits a potential correlation with urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR). Interestingly, uPAR mRNA expression was elevated in invasive breast cancer patients carrying TP53 genes with driver mutations, and our results showed that CYP1B1 activates the uPAR pathway following regulation of p53 according to its mutant status. CYP1B1 suppressed wild-type (WT) p53 whereas it induced the oncogenic gain-of-function mutant p53R280K, not only via transcriptional regulation but also the protein stabilization and activation following phosphorylation on Ser15 residue of p53R280K. Intriguingly, results from CYP1B1 polymorphic gene study and 4-hydroxyestradiol (4-OHE2) treatment showed that CYP1B1 regulates p53s and uPAR through its enzymatic activity. Furthermore, effects of DMBA and TMS on uPAR expression disappeared in HCT116p53-/- cells, indicating that p53 is critical for uPAR induction by CYP1B1. Collectively, our results demonstrate that CYP1B1 may reduce the relapse-free survival rate of breast cancer patients by inducing invasive traits in cancer cells via p53 regulation based on the mutation status of TP53 genes and further activation of the uPAR pathway. The elucidation of the previously unknown molecular mechanism of CYP1B1 may provide evidence for the development of effective anti-cancer therapeutic strategies that target the progression of cancer invasion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeo-Jung Kwon
- Center for Metareceptome Research, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, South Korea
| | - Tae-Uk Kwon
- Center for Metareceptome Research, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, South Korea
| | - Sangyun Shin
- Center for Metareceptome Research, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, South Korea
| | - Boyoung Lee
- Center for Metareceptome Research, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, South Korea
| | - Hyein Lee
- Center for Metareceptome Research, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, South Korea
| | - Hyemin Park
- Center for Metareceptome Research, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, South Korea
| | - Donghak Kim
- Department of Biological Sciences, Konkuk University, Seoul 05029, South Korea
| | - Aree Moon
- Duksung Innovative Drug Center, College of Pharmacy, Duksung Women's University, Seoul 01369, South Korea
| | - Young-Jin Chun
- Center for Metareceptome Research, College of Pharmacy, Chung-Ang University, Seoul 06974, South Korea.
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Rana T, Jiang C, Banerjee S, Yi N, Zmijewski JW, Liu G, Liu RM. PAI-1 Regulation of p53 Expression and Senescence in Type II Alveolar Epithelial Cells. Cells 2023; 12:2008. [PMID: 37566086 PMCID: PMC10417428 DOI: 10.3390/cells12152008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/25/2023] [Revised: 07/17/2023] [Accepted: 08/01/2023] [Indexed: 08/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Cellular senescence contributes importantly to aging and aging-related diseases, including idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Alveolar epithelial type II (ATII) cells are progenitors of alveolar epithelium, and ATII cell senescence is evident in IPF. Previous studies from this lab have shown that increased expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), a serine protease inhibitor, promotes ATII cell senescence through inducing p53, a master cell cycle repressor, and activating p53-p21-pRb cell cycle repression pathway. In this study, we further show that PAI-1 binds to proteasome components and inhibits proteasome activity and p53 degradation in human lung epithelial A549 cells and primary mouse ATII cells. This is associated with a senescence phenotype of these cells, manifested as increased p53 and p21 expression, decreased phosphorylated retinoblastoma protein (pRb), and increased senescence-associated beta-galactose (SA-β-gal) activity. Moreover, we find that, although overexpression of wild-type PAI-1 (wtPAI-1) or a secretion-deficient, mature form of PAI-1 (sdPAI-1) alone induces ATII cell senescence (increases SA-β-gal activity), only wtPAI-1 induces p53, suggesting that the premature form of PAI-1 is required for the interaction with the proteasome. In summary, our data indicate that PAI-1 can bind to proteasome components and thus inhibit proteasome activity and p53 degradation in ATII cells. As p53 is a master cell cycle repressor and PAI-1 expression is increased in many senescent cells, the results from this study will have a significant impact not only on ATII cell senescence/lung fibrosis but also on the senescence of other types of cells in different diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tapasi Rana
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Chunsun Jiang
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Sami Banerjee
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Nengjun Yi
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Jaroslaw W. Zmijewski
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Gang Liu
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
| | - Rui-Ming Liu
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, USA
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5
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McElhinney K, Irnaten M, O’Brien C. p53 and Myofibroblast Apoptosis in Organ Fibrosis. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076737. [PMID: 37047710 PMCID: PMC10095465 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2023] [Revised: 03/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Organ fibrosis represents a dysregulated, maladaptive wound repair response that results in progressive disruption of normal tissue architecture leading to detrimental deterioration in physiological function, and significant morbidity/mortality. Fibrosis is thought to contribute to nearly 50% of all deaths in the Western world with current treatment modalities effective in slowing disease progression but not effective in restoring organ function or reversing fibrotic changes. When physiological wound repair is complete, myofibroblasts are programmed to undergo cell death and self-clearance, however, in fibrosis there is a characteristic absence of myofibroblast apoptosis. It has been shown that in fibrosis, myofibroblasts adopt an apoptotic-resistant, highly proliferative phenotype leading to persistent myofibroblast activation and perpetuation of the fibrotic disease process. Recently, this pathological adaptation has been linked to dysregulated expression of tumour suppressor gene p53. In this review, we discuss p53 dysregulation and apoptotic failure in myofibroblasts and demonstrate its consistent link to fibrotic disease development in all types of organ fibrosis. An enhanced understanding of the role of p53 dysregulation and myofibroblast apoptosis may aid in future novel therapeutic and/or diagnostic strategies in organ fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kealan McElhinney
- UCD Clinical Research Centre, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, D07 R2WY Dublin, Ireland
| | - Mustapha Irnaten
- UCD Clinical Research Centre, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, D07 R2WY Dublin, Ireland
| | - Colm O’Brien
- UCD Clinical Research Centre, Mater Misericordiae University Hospital, D07 R2WY Dublin, Ireland
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6
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Wang T, Zhai Y, Xue H, Zhou W, Ding Y, Nie H. Regulation of Epithelial Sodium Transport by SARS-CoV-2 Is Closely Related with Fibrinolytic System-Associated Proteins. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13040578. [PMID: 37189326 DOI: 10.3390/biom13040578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2023] [Accepted: 03/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Dyspnea and progressive hypoxemia are the main clinical features of patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). Pulmonary pathology shows diffuse alveolar damage with edema, hemorrhage, and the deposition of fibrinogens in the alveolar space, which are consistent with the Berlin Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome Criteria. The epithelial sodium channel (ENaC) is a key channel protein in alveolar ion transport and the rate-limiting step for pulmonary edema fluid clearance, the dysregulation of which is associated with acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome. The main protein of the fibrinolysis system, plasmin, can bind to the furin site of γ-ENaC and induce it to an activation state, facilitating pulmonary fluid reabsorption. Intriguingly, the unique feature of SARS-CoV-2 from other β-coronaviruses is that the spike protein of the former has the same furin site (RRAR) with ENaC, suggesting that a potential competition exists between SARS-CoV-2 and ENaC for the cleavage by plasmin. Extensive pulmonary microthrombosis caused by disorders of the coagulation and fibrinolysis system has also been seen in COVID-19 patients. To some extent, high plasmin (ogen) is a common risk factor for SARS-CoV-2 infection since an increased cleavage by plasmin accelerates virus invasion. This review elaborates on the closely related relationship between SARS-CoV-2 and ENaC for fibrinolysis system-related proteins, aiming to clarify the regulation of ENaC under SARS-CoV-2 infection and provide a novel reference for the treatment of COVID-19 from the view of sodium transport regulation in the lung epithelium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tingyu Wang
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Yiman Zhai
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Hao Xue
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Wei Zhou
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Yan Ding
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
| | - Hongguang Nie
- Department of Stem Cells and Regenerative Medicine, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang 110122, China
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Shetty S, Idell S. Caveolin-1-Related Intervention for Fibrotic Lung Diseases. Cells 2023; 12:554. [PMID: 36831221 PMCID: PMC9953971 DOI: 10.3390/cells12040554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2023] [Revised: 02/06/2023] [Accepted: 02/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive and fatal interstitial lung disease (ILD) for which there are no effective treatments. Lung transplantation is the only viable option for patients with end-stage PF but is only available to a minority of patients. Lung lesions in ILDs, including IPF, are characterized by alveolar epithelial cell (AEC) senescence and apoptosis and accumulation of activated myofibroblasts and/or fibrotic lung (fL) fibroblasts (fLfs). These composite populations of fLfs show a high rate of basal proliferation, resist apoptosis and senescence, and have increased migration and invasiveness. They also more readily deposit ECM proteins. These features eventuate in progressive destruction of alveolar architecture and loss of lung function in patients with PF. The identification of new, safer, and more effective therapy is therefore mandatory for patients with IPF or related ILDs. We found that increased caveolin-1 and tumor suppressor protein, p53 expression, and apoptosis in AECs occur prior to and then with the proliferation of fLfs in fibrotic lungs. AECs with elevated p53 typically undergo apoptosis. fLfs alternatively demonstrate strikingly low basal levels of caveolin-1 and p53, while mouse double minute 2 homolog (mdm2) levels and mdm2-mediated degradation of p53 protein are markedly increased. The disparities in the expression of p53 in injured AECs and fLfs appear to be due to increased basal expression of caveolin-1 in apoptotic AECs with a relative paucity of caveolin-1 and increased mdm2 in fLfs. Therefore, targeting caveolin-1 using a caveolin 1 scaffolding domain peptide, CSP7, represents a new and promising approach for patients with IPF, perhaps other forms of progressive ILD or even other forms of organ injury characterized by fibrotic repair. The mechanisms of action differ in the injured AECs and in fLfs, in which differential signaling enables the preservation of AEC viability with concurrent limitation of fLf expansion and collagen secretion. The findings in three models of PF indicate that lung scarring can be nearly abrogated by airway delivery of the peptide. Phase 1 clinical trial testing of this approach in healthy volunteers has been successfully completed; Phase 1b in IPF patients is soon to be initiated and, if successful, will be followed by phase 2 testing in short order. Apart from the treatment of IPF, this intervention may be applicable to other forms of tissue injury characterized by fibrotic repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sreerama Shetty
- Texas Lung Injury Institute, Department of Cellular and Molecular Biology, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, 11937 US Highway 271, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
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Xia S, Vila Ellis L, Winkley K, Menden H, Mabry SM, Venkatraman A, Louiselle D, Gibson M, Grundberg E, Chen J, Sampath V. Neonatal hyperoxia induces activated pulmonary cellular states and sex-dependent transcriptomic changes in a model of experimental bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Am J Physiol Lung Cell Mol Physiol 2023; 324:L123-L140. [PMID: 36537711 PMCID: PMC9902224 DOI: 10.1152/ajplung.00252.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Hyperoxia disrupts lung development in mice and causes bronchopulmonary dysplasia (BPD) in neonates. To investigate sex-dependent molecular and cellular programming involved in hyperoxia, we surveyed the mouse lung using single cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq), and validated our findings in human neonatal lung cells in vitro. Hyperoxia-induced inflammation in alveolar type (AT) 2 cells gave rise to damage-associated transient progenitors (DATPs). It also induced a new subpopulation of AT1 cells with reduced expression of growth factors normally secreted by AT1 cells, but increased mitochondrial gene expression. Female alveolar epithelial cells had less EMT and pulmonary fibrosis signaling in hyperoxia. In the endothelium, expansion of Car4+ EC (Cap2) was seen in hyperoxia along with an emergent subpopulation of Cap2 with repressed VEGF signaling. This regenerative response was increased in females exposed to hyperoxia. Mesenchymal cells had inflammatory signatures in hyperoxia, with a new distal interstitial fibroblast subcluster characterized by repressed lipid biosynthesis and a transcriptomic signature resembling myofibroblasts. Hyperoxia-induced gene expression signatures in human neonatal fibroblasts and alveolar epithelial cells in vitro resembled mouse scRNA-seq data. These findings suggest that neonatal exposure to hyperoxia programs distinct sex-specific stem cell progenitor and cellular reparative responses that underpin lung remodeling in BPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheng Xia
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Lisandra Vila Ellis
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Konner Winkley
- Genomic Medicine Center, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Heather Menden
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Sherry M Mabry
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Aparna Venkatraman
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Daniel Louiselle
- Genomic Medicine Center, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Margaret Gibson
- Genomic Medicine Center, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Elin Grundberg
- Genomic Medicine Center, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri
- Children's Mercy Research Institute, Kansas City, Missouri
| | - Jichao Chen
- Department of Pulmonary Medicine, University of Texas M. D. Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Venkatesh Sampath
- Department of Pediatrics, Children's Mercy Hospital, Kansas City, Missouri
- Children's Mercy Research Institute, Kansas City, Missouri
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9
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Xu H, Pan G, Wang J. Repairing Mechanisms for Distal Airway Injuries and Related Targeted Therapeutics for Chronic Lung Diseases. Cell Transplant 2023; 32:9636897231196489. [PMID: 37698245 PMCID: PMC10498699 DOI: 10.1177/09636897231196489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 08/04/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic lung diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), involve progressive and irreversible destruction and pathogenic remodeling of airways and have become the leading health care burden worldwide. Pulmonary tissue has extensive capacities to launch injury-responsive repairing programs (IRRPs) to replace the damaged or dead cells upon acute lung injuries. However, the IRRPs are frequently compromised in chronic lung diseases. In this review, we aim to provide an overview of somatic stem cell subpopulations within distal airway epithelium and the underlying mechanisms mediating their self-renewal and trans-differentiation under both physiological and pathological circumstances. We also compared the differences between humans and mice on distal airway structure and stem cell composition. At last, we reviewed the current status and future directions for the development of targeted therapeutics on defective distal airway regeneration and repairment in chronic lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huahua Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, National Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou International Bio Island, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guihong Pan
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structural Birth Defect Disease, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Wang
- Department of Pediatric Surgery, Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Research in Structural Birth Defect Disease, Guangdong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Guangzhou Institute of Pediatrics, Guangzhou Women and Children’s Medical Center, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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10
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Li Q, Cheng Y, Zhang Z, Bi Z, Ma X, Wei Y, Wei X. Inhibition of ROCK ameliorates pulmonary fibrosis by suppressing M2 macrophage polarisation through phosphorylation of STAT3. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e1036. [PMID: 36178087 PMCID: PMC9523675 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.1036] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging evidence provides mechanistic insights into the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis (PF), and rare anti-PF therapeutic method has promising effect in its treatment. Rho-associated coiled-coil kinases (ROCK) inhibition significantly ameliorates bleomycin-induced PF and decreases macrophage infiltration, but the mechanism remains unclear. We established bleomycin and radiation-induced PF to identify the activity of WXWH0265, a newly designed unselective ROCK inhibitor in regulating macrophages. METHODS Bleomycin-induced PF was induced by intratracheal instillation and radiation-induced PF was induced by bilateral thoracic irradiation. Histopathological techniques (haematoxylin and eosin, Masson's trichrome and immunohistochemistry) and hydroxyproline were used to evaluate PF severity. Western blot, quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction and flow cytometry were performed to explore the underlying mechanisms. Bone marrow-derived macrophages (BMDMs) were used to verify their therapeutic effect. Clodronate liposomes were applied to deplete macrophages and to identify the therapeutic effect of WXWH0265. RESULTS Therapeutic administration of ROCK inhibitor ameliorates bleomycin-induced PF by inhibiting M2 macrophages polarisation. ROCK inhibitor showed no significant anti-fibrotic effect in macrophages-depleted mice. Treatment with WXWH0265 demonstrated superior protection effect in bleomycin-induced PF compared with positive drugs. In radiation-induced PF, ROCK inhibitor effectively ameliorated PF. Fibroblasts co-cultured with supernatant from various M2 macrophages phenotypes revealed that M2 macrophages stimulated by interleukin-4 promoted extracellular matrix production. Polarisation of M2 macrophages was inhibited by ROCK inhibitor treatment in vitro. The p-signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3) in lung tissue and BMDMs was significantly decreased in PF in vivo and vitro after treated with ROCK inhibitors. CONCLUSION Inhibiting ROCK could significantly attenuate bleomycin- and radiation-induced PF by regulating the macrophages polarisation via phosphorylation of STAT3. WXWH0265 is a kind of efficient unselective ROCK inhibitor in ameliorating PF. Furthermore, the results provide empirical evidence that ROCK inhibitor, WXWH0265 is a potential drug to prevent the development of PF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingfang Li
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanPR China
| | - Yuan Cheng
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanPR China
| | - Zhe Zhang
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanPR China
| | - Zhenfei Bi
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanPR China
| | - Xuelei Ma
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanPR China
| | - Yuquan Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanPR China
| | - Xiawei Wei
- Laboratory of Aging Research and Cancer Drug Target, State Key Laboratory of Biotherapy, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China HospitalSichuan UniversityChengduSichuanPR China
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11
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Ahmad S, Manzoor S, Siddiqui S, Mariappan N, Zafar I, Ahmad A, Ahmad A. Epigenetic underpinnings of inflammation: Connecting the dots between pulmonary diseases, lung cancer and COVID-19. Semin Cancer Biol 2022; 83:384-398. [PMID: 33484868 PMCID: PMC8046427 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcancer.2021.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 23.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/03/2020] [Revised: 12/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is an essential component of several respiratory diseases, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), asthma and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). It is central to lung cancer, the leading cancer in terms of associated mortality that has affected millions of individuals worldwide. Inflammation and pulmonary manifestations are also the major causes of COVID-19 related deaths. Acute hyperinflammation plays an important role in the COVID-19 disease progression and severity, and development of protective immunity against the virus is greatly sought. Further, the severity of COVID-19 is greatly enhanced in lung cancer patients, probably due to the genes such as ACE2, TMPRSS2, PAI-1 and furin that are commonly involved in cancer progression as well as SAR-CoV-2 infection. The importance of inflammation in pulmonary manifestations, cancer and COVID-19 calls for a closer look at the underlying processes, particularly the associated increase in IL-6 and other cytokines, the dysregulation of immune cells and the coagulation pathway. Towards this end, several reports have identified epigenetic regulation of inflammation at different levels. Expression of several key inflammation-related cytokines, chemokines and other genes is affected by methylation and acetylation while non-coding RNAs, including microRNAs as well as long non-coding RNAs, also affect the overall inflammatory responses. Select miRNAs can regulate inflammation in COVID-19 infection, lung cancer as well as other inflammatory lung diseases, and can serve as epigenetic links that can be therapeutically targeted. Furthermore, epigenetic changes also mediate the environmental factors-induced inflammation. Therefore, a better understanding of epigenetic regulation of inflammation can potentially help develop novel strategies to prevent, diagnose and treat chronic pulmonary diseases, lung cancer and COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shama Ahmad
- Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Shajer Manzoor
- Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Simmone Siddiqui
- Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Nithya Mariappan
- Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Iram Zafar
- Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Aamir Ahmad
- Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Aftab Ahmad
- Division of Molecular and Translational Biomedicine, Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
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12
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Werder RB, Liu T, Abo KM, Lindstrom-Vautrin J, Villacorta-Martin C, Huang J, Hinds A, Boyer N, Bullitt E, Liesa M, Silverman EK, Kotton DN, Cho MH, Zhou X, Wilson AA. CRISPR interference interrogation of COPD GWAS genes reveals the functional significance of desmoplakin in iPSC-derived alveolar epithelial cells. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2022; 8:eabo6566. [PMID: 35857525 PMCID: PMC9278866 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.abo6566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) have identified dozens of loci associated with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) susceptibility; however, the function of associated genes in the cell type(s) affected in disease remains poorly understood, partly due to a lack of cell models that recapitulate human alveolar biology. Here, we apply CRISPR interference to interrogate the function of nine genes implicated in COPD by GWAS in induced pluripotent stem cell-derived type 2 alveolar epithelial cells (iAT2s). We find that multiple genes implicated by GWAS affect iAT2 function, including differentiation potential, maturation, and/or proliferation. Detailed characterization of the GWAS gene DSP demonstrates that it regulates iAT2 cell-cell junctions, proliferation, mitochondrial function, and response to cigarette smoke-induced injury. Our approach thus elucidates the biological function, as well as disease-relevant consequences of dysfunction, of genes implicated in COPD by GWAS in type 2 alveolar epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rhiannon B. Werder
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- QIMR Berghofer Medical Research Institute, Herston, QLD 4006, Australia
| | - Tao Liu
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Kristine M. Abo
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | | | - Carlos Villacorta-Martin
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Jessie Huang
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Anne Hinds
- Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Nathan Boyer
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Esther Bullitt
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Marc Liesa
- Department of Medicine, Endocrinology, David Geffen School of Medicine at University of California Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA 90095, USA
- Institut de Biologia Molecular De Barcelona (IBMB-CSIC), Barcelona, Catalonia 08028, Spain
| | - Edwin K. Silverman
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Darrell N. Kotton
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Michael H. Cho
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Xiaobo Zhou
- Channing Division of Network Medicine, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Andrew A. Wilson
- Center for Regenerative Medicine, Boston University and Boston Medical Center, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Pulmonary Center and Department of Medicine, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
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13
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Caveolin-1 scaffolding domain peptide abrogates autophagy dysregulation in pulmonary fibrosis. Sci Rep 2022; 12:11086. [PMID: 35773303 PMCID: PMC9246916 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-14832-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is the most common and fatal form of interstitial lung disease. IPF is characterized by irreversible scarring of the lungs leading to lung function decline. Although the etiology remains poorly understood, dysregulated autophagy in alveolar-epithelial cells (AECs) together with interplay between apoptotic-AECs and proliferative-myofibroblasts have been strongly implicated in IPF pathogenesis. Recent studies have revealed that a caveolin-1-derived 7-mer peptide, CSP7, mitigates established PF at least in part by improving AEC viability. In the present study, we aimed to determine whether and how CSP7 regulates autophagy in fibrotic-lung AECs. We found that p53 and autophagic proteins were markedly upregulated in AECs from mice with single/multi-doses of bleomycin—or silica-induced PF. This was abolished following treatment of PF-mice with CSP7. Further, CSP7 abrogated silica- or bleomycin-induced p53 and autophagy proteins in AECs. Immunoprecipitation further revealed that CSP7 abolishes the interaction of caveolin-1 with LC3BII and p62 in AECs. AEC-specific p53-knockout mice resisted silica- or bleomycin-induced changes in autophagy proteins, or CSP7 treatment. Our findings provide a novel mechanism by which CSP7 inhibits dysregulated autophagy in injured AECs and mitigates existing PF. These results affirm the potential of CSP7 for treating established PF, including IPF and silicosis.
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14
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The Role of Fibrinolytic System in Health and Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095262. [PMID: 35563651 PMCID: PMC9101224 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/06/2022] [Revised: 05/03/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The fibrinolytic system is composed of the protease plasmin, its precursor plasminogen and their respective activators, tissue-type plasminogen activator (tPA) and urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA), counteracted by their inhibitors, plasminogen activator inhibitor type 1 (PAI-1), plasminogen activator inhibitor type 2 (PAI-2), protein C inhibitor (PCI), thrombin activable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI), protease nexin 1 (PN-1) and neuroserpin. The action of plasmin is counteracted by α2-antiplasmin, α2-macroglobulin, TAFI, and other serine protease inhibitors (antithrombin and α2-antitrypsin) and PN-1 (protease nexin 1). These components are essential regulators of many physiologic processes. They are also involved in the pathogenesis of many disorders. Recent advancements in our understanding of these processes enable the opportunity of drug development in treating many of these disorders.
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15
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Hogan TB, Tiwari N, Nagaraja M, Shetty SK, Fan L, Shetty RS, Bhandary YP, Shetty S. Caveolin-1 peptide regulates p53-microRNA-34a feedback in fibrotic lung fibroblasts. iScience 2022; 25:104022. [PMID: 35330685 PMCID: PMC8938287 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.104022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a life-threatening disease resulting from dysregulated repair responses to lung injury. Excessive extracellular matrix deposition by expanding myofibroblasts and fibrotic lung fibroblasts (fLfs) has been implicated in the pathogenesis of PF, including IPF. We explored fLfs' microRNA-34a (miR-34a) expression from IPF tissues. Basal miR-34a levels were decreased with reduced binding of p53 to the promoter DNA and 3'UTR mRNA sequences. Overexpression of miR-34a in fLfs increased p53, PAI-1, and reduced pro-fibrogenic markers. The regulatory effects of miR-34a were altered by modifying the p53 expression. Precursor-miR-34a lung transduction reduced bleomycin-induced PF in wild-type mice. fLfs treated with caveolin-1 scaffolding domain peptide (CSP) or its fragment, CSP7, restored miR-34a, p53, and PAI-1. CSP/CSP7 reduced PDGFR-β and pro-fibrogenic markers, which was abolished in fLfs following blockade of miR-34a expression. These peptides failed to resolve PF in mice lacking miR-34a in fLfs, indicating miR-34a-p53-feedback induction required for anti-fibrotic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taryn B. Hogan
- Texas Lung Injury Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, 11937 US Highway 271, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
| | - Nivedita Tiwari
- Texas Lung Injury Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, 11937 US Highway 271, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
| | - M.R. Nagaraja
- Texas Lung Injury Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, 11937 US Highway 271, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
| | - Shwetha K. Shetty
- Texas Lung Injury Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, 11937 US Highway 271, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
- Biochemistry, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA
| | - Liang Fan
- Texas Lung Injury Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, 11937 US Highway 271, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
| | - Rashmi S. Shetty
- Texas Lung Injury Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, 11937 US Highway 271, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
| | - Yashodhar P. Bhandary
- Texas Lung Injury Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, 11937 US Highway 271, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
| | - Sreerama Shetty
- Texas Lung Injury Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, 11937 US Highway 271, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
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16
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Komatsu S, Fan L, Idell S, Shetty S, Ikebe M. Caveolin-1-Derived Peptide Reduces ER Stress and Enhances Gelatinolytic Activity in IPF Fibroblasts. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23063316. [PMID: 35328736 PMCID: PMC8950460 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23063316] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2022] [Revised: 03/10/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal disease characterized by an excess deposition of extracellular matrix in the pulmonary interstitium. Caveolin-1 scaffolding domain peptide (CSP) has been found to mitigate pulmonary fibrosis in several animal models. However, its pathophysiological role in IPF is obscure, and it remains critical to understand the mechanism by which CSP protects against pulmonary fibrosis. We first studied the delivery of CSP into cells and found that it is internalized and accumulated in the Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER). Furthermore, CSP reduced ER stress via suppression of inositol requiring enzyme1α (IRE1α) in transforming growth factor β (TGFβ)-treated human IPF lung fibroblasts (hIPF-Lfs). Moreover, we found that CSP enhanced the gelatinolytic activity of TGFβ-treated hIPF-Lfs. The IRE1α inhibitor; 4µ8C also augmented the gelatinolytic activity of TGFβ-treated hIPF-Lfs, supporting the concept that CSP induced inhibition of the IRE1α pathway. Furthermore, CSP significantly elevated expression of MMPs in TGFβ-treated hIPF-Lfs, but conversely decreased the secretion of collagen 1. Similar results were observed in two preclinical murine models of PF, bleomycin (BLM)- and adenovirus expressing constitutively active TGFβ (Ad-TGFβ)-induced PF. Our findings provide new insights into the mechanism by which lung fibroblasts contribute to CSP dependent protection against lung fibrosis.
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17
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Multi-omics evaluation of SARS-CoV-2 infected mouse lungs reveals dynamics of host responses. iScience 2022; 25:103967. [PMID: 35224468 PMCID: PMC8863311 DOI: 10.1016/j.isci.2022.103967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2021] [Revised: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 02/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
The outbreak of Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) throughout the world has caused millions of death, while the dynamics of host responses and the underlying regulation mechanisms during SARS-CoV-2 infection are not well depicted. Lung tissues from a mouse model sensitized to SARS-CoV-2 infection were serially collected at different time points for evaluation of transcriptome, proteome, and phosphoproteome. We showed the ebb and flow of several host responses in the lung across the viral infection. The signaling pathways and kinases regulating networks were alternated at different phases of infection. This multiplex evaluation also revealed that many kinases of the CDK and MAPK family were interactive and served as functional hubs in mediating the signal transduction during SARS-CoV-2 infection. Our study not only revealed the dynamics of lung pathophysiology and their underlying molecular mechanisms during SARS-CoV-2 infection, but also highlighted some molecules and signaling pathways that might guide future investigations on COVID-19 therapies. Multi-omics analysis profiles temporal host responses in SARS-CoV-2 infected lungs Signaling pathways and kinase regulating networks are dynamically altered The CDK and MAPK family are interactive and involved in regulating host responses
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18
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Abdel-Bakky MS, Amin E, Ewees MG, Mahmoud NI, Mohammed HA, Altowayan WM, Abdellatif AAH. Coagulation System Activation for Targeting of COVID-19: Insights into Anticoagulants, Vaccine-Loaded Nanoparticles, and Hypercoagulability in COVID-19 Vaccines. Viruses 2022; 14:228. [PMID: 35215822 PMCID: PMC8876839 DOI: 10.3390/v14020228] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 01/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), also known as COVID-19, is currently developing into a rapidly disseminating and an overwhelming worldwide pandemic. In severe COVID-19 cases, hypercoagulability and inflammation are two crucial complications responsible for poor prognosis and mortality. In addition, coagulation system activation and inflammation overlap and produce life-threatening complications, including coagulopathy and cytokine storm, which are associated with overproduction of cytokines and activation of the immune system; they might be a lead cause of organ damage. However, patients with severe COVID-19 who received anticoagulant therapy had lower mortality, especially with elevated D-dimer or fibrin degradation products (FDP). In this regard, the discovery of natural products with anticoagulant potential may help mitigate the numerous side effects of the available synthetic drugs. This review sheds light on blood coagulation and its impact on the complication associated with COVID-19. Furthermore, the sources of natural anticoagulants, the role of nanoparticle formulation in this outbreak, and the prevalence of thrombosis with thrombocytopenia syndrome (TTS) after COVID-19 vaccines are also reviewed. These combined data provide many research ideas related to the possibility of using these anticoagulant agents as a treatment to relieve acute symptoms of COVID-19 infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohamed S. Abdel-Bakky
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim 52471, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Elham Amin
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Beni-Suef University, Beni-Suef 62514, Egypt;
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim 52471, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohamed G. Ewees
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef 11787, Egypt; (M.G.E.); (N.I.M.)
| | - Nesreen I. Mahmoud
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Nahda University, Beni-Suef 11787, Egypt; (M.G.E.); (N.I.M.)
| | - Hamdoon A. Mohammed
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry and Pharmacognosy, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim 52471, Saudi Arabia;
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Cairo 11884, Egypt
| | - Waleed M. Altowayan
- Department of Pharmacy Practice, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qassim 52471, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Ahmed A. H. Abdellatif
- Department of Pharmaceutics, College of Pharmacy, Qassim University, Qasssim 52471, Saudi Arabia
- Department of Pharmaceutics and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Al-Azhar University, Assiut 71524, Egypt
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19
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Yeh CF, Chou C, Yang KC. Mechanotransduction in fibrosis: Mechanisms and treatment targets. CURRENT TOPICS IN MEMBRANES 2021; 87:279-314. [PMID: 34696888 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctm.2021.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/29/2023]
Abstract
To perceive and integrate the environmental cues, cells and tissues sense and interpret various physical forces like shear, tensile, and compression stress. Mechanotransduction involves the sensing and translation of mechanical forces into biochemical and mechanical signals to guide cell fate and achieve tissue homeostasis. Disruption of this mechanical homeostasis by tissue injury elicits multiple cellular responses leading to pathological matrix deposition and tissue stiffening, and consequent evolution toward pro-inflammatory/pro-fibrotic phenotypes, leading to tissue/organ fibrosis. This review focuses on the molecular mechanisms linking mechanotransduction to fibrosis and uncovers the potential therapeutic targets to halt or resolve fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Fan Yeh
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Caroline Chou
- Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Kai-Chien Yang
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiovascular Center, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan; Department and Graduate Institute of Pharmacology, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan; Research Center for Developmental Biology & Regenerative Medicine, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan; Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
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20
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Islam A, Bashir MS, Joyce K, Rashid H, Laher I, Elshazly S. An Update on COVID-19 Vaccine Induced Thrombotic Thrombocytopenia Syndrome and Some Management Recommendations. Molecules 2021; 26:5004. [PMID: 34443589 PMCID: PMC8400504 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26165004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2021] [Revised: 08/08/2021] [Accepted: 08/13/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The thrombotic thrombocytopenia syndrome (TTS), a complication of COVID-19 vaccines, involves thrombosis (often cerebral venous sinus thrombosis) and thrombocytopenia with occasional pulmonary embolism and arterial ischemia. TTS appears to mostly affect females aged between 20 and 50 years old, with no predisposing risk factors conclusively identified so far. Cases are characterized by thrombocytopenia, higher levels of D-dimers than commonly observed in venous thromboembolic events, inexplicably low fibrinogen levels and worsening thrombosis. Hyper fibrinolysis associated with bleeding can also occur. Antibodies that bind platelet factor 4, similar to those associated with heparin-induced thrombocytopenia, have also been identified but in the absence of patient exposure to heparin treatment. A number of countries have now suspended the use of adenovirus-vectored vaccines for younger individuals. The prevailing opinion of most experts is that the risk of developing COVID-19 disease, including thrombosis, far exceeds the extremely low risk of TTS associated with highly efficacious vaccines. Mass vaccination should continue but with caution. Vaccines that are more likely to cause TTS (e.g., Vaxzevria manufactured by AstraZeneca) should be avoided in younger patients for whom an alternative vaccine is available.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amin Islam
- Department of Haematology, Mid & South Essex University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Prittlewell Chase, Westcliff-on-Sea SS0 0RY, UK; (M.S.B.); (K.J.); (S.E.)
- Department of Haematology, Queen Mary University of London, Mile End Road, London E1 3NS, UK
| | - Mohammed Sheraz Bashir
- Department of Haematology, Mid & South Essex University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Prittlewell Chase, Westcliff-on-Sea SS0 0RY, UK; (M.S.B.); (K.J.); (S.E.)
| | - Kevin Joyce
- Department of Haematology, Mid & South Essex University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Prittlewell Chase, Westcliff-on-Sea SS0 0RY, UK; (M.S.B.); (K.J.); (S.E.)
| | - Harunor Rashid
- National Centre for Immunisation Research and Surveillance(NCIRS) Kids Research, The Children’s Hospital at Westmead, Westmead, NSW 2145, Australia;
- The Discipline of Child and Adolescent Health, Faculty of Medicine and Health, The University of Sydney, Camperdown, NSW 2145, Australia
| | - Ismail Laher
- Department of Anesthesiology, Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Faculty of Medicine, The University of British Colombia, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z3, Canada;
| | - Shereen Elshazly
- Department of Haematology, Mid & South Essex University Hospital NHS Foundation Trust, Prittlewell Chase, Westcliff-on-Sea SS0 0RY, UK; (M.S.B.); (K.J.); (S.E.)
- Adult Haemato-Oncology Unit, Faculty of Medicne, Ainshams University, Cairo 11566, Egypt
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21
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A Case Series of Thromboelastography-Guided Anticoagulation in COVID-19 Patients with Inherited and Acquired Hypercoagulable States. Case Rep Med 2021; 2021:5568982. [PMID: 34367290 PMCID: PMC8337149 DOI: 10.1155/2021/5568982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2021] [Revised: 05/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the complications of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is hypercoagulability. For this reason, patients presenting with COVID-19 are often put on therapeutic or intermediate anticoagulation upon hospitalization. A common issue of this anticoagulation is the progression to hypocoagulability resulting in hemorrhage. Therefore, monitoring the hemostatic integrity of critically ill COVID-19 patients is of utmost importance. In this case series, we present the cases of three coagulopathic COVID-19 patients whose anticoagulation was guided by thromboelastography (TEG). In each case, TEG permitted the clinical team to simultaneously prevent thrombotic and hemorrhagic events, a difficult task for COVID-19 patients admitted to the intensive care unit. The first two cases illustrate the utility of TEG to guide anticoagulant dosing for COVID-19 patients when the activated partial thromboplastin time (aPTT) is inaccurate. The first case was a severely ill COVID-19 patient with end-stage renal disease and a falsely elevated aPTT secondary to hypertriglyceridemia. The second case was a severely ill COVID-19 patient with chronic pulmonary disease who demonstrated a falsely elevated aPTT due to polycythemia and hemoconcentration. In both cases, TEG was sensitive to the hypercoagulability caused by the metabolic derangements which enabled the goal-directed titration of anticoagulants. The last case depicts a severely ill COVID-19 patient with an inherited factor V Leiden mutation who required abnormally high dosing to achieve therapeutic anticoagulation, guided by TEG. Hypercoagulopathic COVID-19 patients are difficult to anticoagulate without development of hypocoagulopathy. Treatment of these patients demands goal-directed therapy by diligent laboratory monitoring. This can be accomplished by the use of TEG coupled with aPTT to guide anticoagulation. This case series illustrates the necessity for active hemostatic monitoring of critically ill COVID-19 patients.
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22
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The Mechanism and Effect of Autophagy, Apoptosis, and Pyroptosis on the Progression of Silicosis. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22158110. [PMID: 34360876 PMCID: PMC8348676 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22158110] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 07/27/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Silicosis remains one of the most severe pulmonary fibrotic diseases worldwide, caused by chronic exposure to silica dust. In this review, we have proposed that programmed cell death (PCD), including autophagy, apoptosis, and pyroptosis, is closely associated with silicosis progression. Furthermore, some autophagy, apoptosis, or pyroptosis-related signaling pathways or regulatory proteins have also been summarized to contribute greatly to the formation and development of silicosis. In addition, silicosis pathogenesis depends on the crosstalk among these three ways of PCD to a certain extent. In summary, more profound research on these mechanisms and effects may be expected to become promising targets for intervention or therapeutic methods of silicosis in the future.
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23
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Liu M, Wu K, Lin J, Xie Q, Liu Y, Huang Y, Zeng J, Yang Z, Wang Y, Dong S, Deng W, Yang M, Wu S, Jiang W, Li X. Emerging Biological Functions of IL-17A: A New Target in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease? Front Pharmacol 2021; 12:695957. [PMID: 34305606 PMCID: PMC8294190 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2021.695957] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2021] [Accepted: 06/23/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is a chronic inflammatory disease that causes high rates of disability and mortality worldwide because of severe progressive and irreversible symptoms. During the period of COPD initiation and progression, the immune system triggers the activation of various immune cells, including Regulatory T cells (Tregs), dendritic cells (DCs) and Th17 cells, and also the release of many different cytokines and chemokines, such as IL-17A and TGF-β. In recent years, studies have focused on the role of IL-17A in chronic inflammation process, which was found to play a highly critical role in facilitating COPD. Specially, IL-17A and its downstream regulators are potential therapeutic targets for COPD. We mainly focused on the possibility of IL-17A signaling pathways that involved in the progression of COPD; for instance, how IL-17A promotes airway remodeling in COPD? How IL-17A facilitates neutrophil inflammation in COPD? How IL-17A induces the expression of TSLP to promote the progression of COPD? Whether the mature DCs and Tregs participate in this process and how they cooperate with IL-17A to accelerate the development of COPD? And above associated studies could benefit clinical application of therapeutic targets of the disease. Moreover, four novel efficient therapies targeting IL-17A and other molecules for COPD are also concluded, such as Bufei Yishen formula (BYF), a Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), and curcumin, a natural polyphenol extracted from the root of Curcuma longa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meiling Liu
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kang Wu
- Shenzhen Luohu People's Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,South China Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jinduan Lin
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingqiang Xie
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yuan Liu
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yin Huang
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jun Zeng
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhaogang Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Yifan Wang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Shiyan Dong
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Weiye Deng
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Mingming Yang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX, United States
| | - Song Wu
- Shenzhen Luohu People's Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China.,South China Hospital, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Wen Jiang
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Xuefeng Li
- The Sixth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Qingyuan People's Hospital; State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Sino-French Hoffmann Institute, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China.,Shenzhen Luohu People's Hospital, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, China
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24
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Jiang C, Liu G, Cai L, Deshane J, Antony V, Thannickal VJ, Liu RM. Divergent Regulation of Alveolar Type 2 Cell and Fibroblast Apoptosis by Plasminogen Activator Inhibitor 1 in Lung Fibrosis. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2021; 191:1227-1239. [PMID: 33887217 PMCID: PMC8351125 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2021.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/05/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Increased apoptosis sensitivity of alveolar type 2 (ATII) cells and increased apoptosis resistance of (myo)fibroblasts, the apoptosis paradox, contributes to the pathogenesis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). The mechanism underlying the apoptosis paradox in IPF lungs, however, is unclear. Aging is the greatest risk factor for IPF. In this study, we show, for the first time, that ATII cells from old mice are more sensitive, whereas fibroblasts from old mice are more resistant, to apoptotic challenges, compared with the corresponding cells from young mice. The expression of plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1), an important profibrogenic mediator, was significantly increased in both ATII cells and lung fibroblasts from aged mice. In vitro studies using PAI-1 siRNA and active PAI-1 protein indicated that PAI-1 promoted ATII cell apoptosis but protected fibroblasts from apoptosis, likely through dichotomous regulation of p53 expression. Deletion of PAI-1 in adult mice led to a reduction in p53, p21, and Bax protein expression, as well as apoptosis sensitivity in ATII cells, and their increase in the lung fibroblasts, as indicated by in vivo studies. This increase was associated with an attenuation of lung fibrosis after bleomycin challenge. Since PAI-1 is up-regulated in both ATII cells and fibroblasts in IPF, the results suggest that increased PAI-1 may underlie the apoptosis paradox of ATII cells and fibroblasts in IPF lungs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunsun Jiang
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Gang Liu
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Lu Cai
- Pediatric Research Institute, Department of Pediatrics of the University of Louisville School of Medicine, Louisville, Kentucky
| | - Jessy Deshane
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Veena Antony
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Victor J Thannickal
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama
| | - Rui-Ming Liu
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama.
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25
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Qu J, Yang SZ, Zhu Y, Guo T, Thannickal VJ, Zhou Y. Targeting mechanosensitive MDM4 promotes lung fibrosis resolution in aged mice. J Exp Med 2021; 218:e20202033. [PMID: 33688918 PMCID: PMC7953267 DOI: 10.1084/jem.20202033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2020] [Revised: 12/18/2020] [Accepted: 01/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Aging is a strong risk factor and an independent prognostic factor for progressive human idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF). Aged mice develop nonresolving pulmonary fibrosis following lung injury. In this study, we found that mouse double minute 4 homolog (MDM4) is highly expressed in the fibrotic lesions of human IPF and experimental pulmonary fibrosis in aged mice. We identified MDM4 as a matrix stiffness-regulated endogenous inhibitor of p53. Reducing matrix stiffness down-regulates MDM4 expression, resulting in p53 activation in primary lung myofibroblasts isolated from IPF patients. Gain of p53 function activates a gene program that sensitizes lung myofibroblasts to apoptosis and promotes the clearance of apoptotic myofibroblasts by macrophages. Destiffening of the fibrotic lung matrix by targeting nonenzymatic cross-linking or genetic ablation of Mdm4 in lung (myo)fibroblasts activates the Mdm4-p53 pathway and promotes lung fibrosis resolution in aged mice. These findings suggest that mechanosensitive MDM4 is a molecular target with promising therapeutic potential against persistent lung fibrosis associated with aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Qu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
- Department of Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medicine, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | - Shan-Zhong Yang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Yi Zhu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Ting Guo
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
- The Second Xiangya Hospital, Central-South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Victor J. Thannickal
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
| | - Yong Zhou
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy and Critical Care Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL
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26
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Bunch CM, Thomas AV, Stillson JE, Gillespie L, Lin KP, Speybroeck J, Kwaan HC, Fulkerson DH, Zamlut M, Khan R, Walsh MM. Thromboelastography-Guided Anticoagulant Therapy for the Double Hazard of Thrombohemorrhagic Events in COVID-19: A Report of 3 Cases. AMERICAN JOURNAL OF CASE REPORTS 2021; 22:e931080. [PMID: 33883541 PMCID: PMC8024667 DOI: 10.12659/ajcr.931080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Case series Patients: Female, 72-year-old • Female, 55-year-old • Female, 43-year-old Final Diagnosis: COVID provoked thromboembolism • COVID-19 • pulmonary embolism • rectus sheath hematoma Symptoms: Cough • fever • shortness of breath Medication: — Clinical Procedure: — Specialty: Critical Care Medicine • Diagnostics, Laboratory • Hematology • Infectious Diseases
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Affiliation(s)
- Connor M Bunch
- Indiana University School of Medicine South Bend Campus, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Anthony V Thomas
- Indiana University School of Medicine South Bend Campus, Notre Dame, IN, USA.,Departments of Emergency and Internal Medicine, Saint Joseph Regional Medical Center, Mishawaka, IN, USA
| | - John E Stillson
- Indiana University School of Medicine South Bend Campus, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Laura Gillespie
- Department of Quality and Performance Improvement, Saint Joseph Regional Medical Center, Mishawaka, IN, USA
| | - Kevin P Lin
- Indiana University School of Medicine South Bend Campus, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Jacob Speybroeck
- Indiana University School of Medicine South Bend Campus, Notre Dame, IN, USA
| | - Hau C Kwaan
- Division of Hematology and Oncology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, USA
| | | | - Mahmud Zamlut
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Saint Joseph Regional Medical Center, Mishawaka, IN, USA
| | - Rashid Khan
- Department of Hematology, Michiana Hematology Oncology, Mishawaka, IN, USA
| | - Mark M Walsh
- Indiana University School of Medicine South Bend Campus, Notre Dame, IN, USA.,Departments of Emergency and Internal Medicine, Saint Joseph Regional Medical Center, Mishawaka, IN, USA
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27
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Tao N, Li K, Liu J, Fan G, Sun T. Liproxstatin-1 alleviates bleomycin-induced alveolar epithelial cells injury and mice pulmonary fibrosis via attenuating inflammation, reshaping redox equilibrium, and suppressing ROS/p53/α-SMA pathway. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2021; 551:133-139. [PMID: 33735625 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2021.02.127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2021] [Accepted: 02/25/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
With undetermined etiology and limited treatment option, idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) an age related disease is extremely lethal. Persistent injury of epithelial cells, abnormal activation of fibroblasts/myofibroblasts, and superabundant deposition of extracellular matrix protein pathologically characterize IPF. Redox imbalance is reported to play a vital role in both IPF development and senescence. This study aim to investigate whether and how Liproxstatin-1 (Lip-1), a strong lipid autoxidation inhibitor, regulates bleomycin (BLM) induced pulmonary fibrosis both in vivo and in vitro. It's demonstrated that Lip-1 exerted a potent anti-fibrotic function in BLM-induced mice pulmonary fibrosis via alleviating inflammatory, reshaping redox equilibrium, and ameliorating collagen deposition. Lip-1 reduced the level of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and methane dicarboxylic aldehyde (MDA), promoted the expression of glutathione (GSH), catalase (CAT), and total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD) after BLM treatment. Moreover, in vitro experiments verified that Lip-1 protected A549 cells from BLM-induced injury and fibrosis. Lip-1 seemed to attenuate BLM-induced fibrosis by targeting ROS/p53/α-SMA signaling both in vivo and in vitro. In summary, this study demonstrates that Lip-1 administration performs a protective role in against pulmonary fibrosis and lights up the potential of Lip-1 treatment for patient with IPF in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ningning Tao
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Critical Care, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China; Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China; The MOH Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China
| | - Kang Li
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Critical Care, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China; Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China; The MOH Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China
| | - Jingjing Liu
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Critical Care, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China; Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China; The MOH Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China
| | - Guoqing Fan
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Critical Care, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China; Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China; The MOH Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China
| | - Tieying Sun
- Department of Respiratory Medicine and Critical Care, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Institute of Geriatric Medicine, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences, China; Graduate School of Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, 100730, China; The MOH Key Laboratory of Geriatrics, Beijing Hospital, National Center of Gerontology, Beijing, China.
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28
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Zhang Y, Li Y, Liu P, Gong D, Zhou H, Li W, Zhang H, Zheng W, Xu J, Cheng H, Zhang X, Ke Y. Phosphatase Shp2 regulates biogenesis of small extracellular vesicles by dephosphorylating Syntenin. J Extracell Vesicles 2021; 10:e12078. [PMID: 33732417 PMCID: PMC7944561 DOI: 10.1002/jev2.12078] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2020] [Revised: 01/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
As novel mediators of cell‐to‐cell signalling, small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) play a critical role in physiological and pathophysiological processes. To date, the molecular mechanisms that support sEV generation are incompletely understood. Many kinases are reported for their roles in sEV generation or composition, whereas the involvement of phosphatases remains largely unexplored. Here we reveal that pharmacological inhibition and shRNA‐mediated down‐regulation of tyrosine phosphatase Shp2 significantly increases the formation of sEVs. By Co‐immunoprecipitation (Co‐IP) and in vitro dephosphorylation assays, we identified that Shp2 negatively controlled sEV biogenesis by directly dephosphorylating tyrosine 46 of Syntenin, which has been reported as a molecular switch in sEV biogenesis. More importantly, Shp2 dysfunction led to enhanced epithelial sEV generation in vitro and in vivo. The increase of epithelial sEVs caused by shRNA‐mediated down‐regulation of Shp2 promoted macrophage activation, resulting in strengthened inflammation. Our findings highlight the role of Shp2 in regulating sEV‐mediated epithelial‐macrophage crosstalk by controlling sEV biogenesis through dephosphorylation of Syntenin Y46. The present study determines the strengthened inflammatory characteristics of alveolar macrophages elicited by epithelial sEVs transferred intercellularly. These findings provide a basis for understanding the mechanism of sEV formation and relevant function in epithelial‐macrophage crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuefei Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Department of Respiratory Medicine at Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou Zhejiang 310058 China.,Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems and Precision Medicine Zhejiang University Medical Center Hangzhou 311121 China
| | - Yiqing Li
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Department of Respiratory Medicine at Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou Zhejiang 310058 China
| | - Pan Liu
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Department of Respiratory Medicine at Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou Zhejiang 310058 China
| | - Dacheng Gong
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Department of Respiratory Medicine at Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou Zhejiang 310058 China
| | - Hui Zhou
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Department of Respiratory Medicine at Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou Zhejiang 310058 China
| | - Wenjuan Li
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology Women's hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou Zhejiang 310058 China
| | - Huilun Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Department of Respiratory Medicine at Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou Zhejiang 310058 China
| | - Wenfang Zheng
- Department of Gastroenterology Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou Zhejiang 310058 China
| | - Jiaqi Xu
- Department of Pathology Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou Zhejiang 310058 China
| | - Hongqiang Cheng
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Department of Cardiology at Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou Zhejiang 310058 China
| | - Xue Zhang
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Department of Respiratory Medicine at Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou Zhejiang 310058 China.,Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems and Precision Medicine Zhejiang University Medical Center Hangzhou 311121 China
| | - Yuehai Ke
- Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Department of Respiratory Medicine at Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital Zhejiang University School of Medicine Hangzhou Zhejiang 310058 China.,Zhejiang Laboratory for Systems and Precision Medicine Zhejiang University Medical Center Hangzhou 311121 China
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29
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Tucker TA, Idell S. The Contribution of the Urokinase Plasminogen Activator and the Urokinase Receptor to Pleural and Parenchymal Lung Injury and Repair: A Narrative Review. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22031437. [PMID: 33535429 PMCID: PMC7867090 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2020] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Pleural and parenchymal lung injury have long been characterized by acute inflammation and pathologic tissue reorganization, when severe. Although transitional matrix deposition is a normal part of the injury response, unresolved fibrin deposition can lead to pleural loculation and scarification of affected areas. Within this review, we present a brief discussion of the fibrinolytic pathway, its components, and their contribution to injury progression. We review how local derangements of fibrinolysis, resulting from increased coagulation and reduced plasminogen activator activity, promote extravascular fibrin deposition. Further, we describe how pleural mesothelial cells contribute to lung scarring via the acquisition of a profibrotic phenotype. We also discuss soluble uPAR, a recently identified biomarker of pleural injury, and its diagnostic value in the grading of pleural effusions. Finally, we provide an in-depth discussion on the clinical importance of single-chain urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) for the treatment of loculated pleural collections.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Steven Idell
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-903-877-7556; Fax: +1-903-877-7316
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30
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Kwaan HC, Lindholm PF. The Central Role of Fibrinolytic Response in COVID-19-A Hematologist's Perspective. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:1283. [PMID: 33525440 PMCID: PMC7919196 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22031283] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/01/2021] [Revised: 01/26/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
The novel coronavirus disease (COVID-19) has many characteristics common to those in two other coronavirus acute respiratory diseases, severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and Middle East respiratory syndrome (MERS). They are all highly contagious and have severe pulmonary complications. Clinically, patients with COVID-19 run a rapidly progressive course of an acute respiratory tract infection with fever, sore throat, cough, headache and fatigue, complicated by severe pneumonia often leading to acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS). The infection also involves other organs throughout the body. In all three viral illnesses, the fibrinolytic system plays an active role in each phase of the pathogenesis. During transmission, the renin-aldosterone-angiotensin-system (RAAS) is involved with the spike protein of SARS-CoV-2, attaching to its natural receptor angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE 2) in host cells. Both tissue plasminogen activator (tPA) and plasminogen activator inhibitor 1 (PAI-1) are closely linked to the RAAS. In lesions in the lung, kidney and other organs, the two plasminogen activators urokinase-type plasminogen activator (uPA) and tissue plasminogen activator (tPA), along with their inhibitor, plasminogen activator 1 (PAI-1), are involved. The altered fibrinolytic balance enables the development of a hypercoagulable state. In this article, evidence for the central role of fibrinolysis is reviewed, and the possible drug targets at multiple sites in the fibrinolytic pathways are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hau C. Kwaan
- Division of Hematology/Oncology, Department of Medicine, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA
| | - Paul F. Lindholm
- Department of Pathology, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL 60611, USA;
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31
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Al-Ani B, Alzamil NM, Hewett PW, Al-Hashem F, Bin-Jaliah I, Shatoor AS, Kamar SS, Latif NSA, Haidara MA, Dawood AF. Metformin ameliorates ROS-p53-collagen axis of fibrosis and dyslipidemia in type 2 diabetes mellitus-induced left ventricular injury. Arch Physiol Biochem 2021; 129:734-740. [PMID: 33439743 DOI: 10.1080/13813455.2020.1869265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The link between oxidative stress (ROS), apoptosis (p53) and fibrosis (collagen) in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)-induced cardiac injury in the presence and absence of the antidiabetic drug, metformin has not been investigated before. MATERIAL AND METHODS T2DM was induced in rats by a combination of high carbohydrate and fat diets (HCFD) and streptozotocin (50 mg/kg) injection. The protection group started metformin (200 mg/kg) treatment 14 days prior to the induction of diabetes and continued on metformin and HCFD until being sacrificed at week 12. RESULTS Diabetes significantly induced blood levels of ROS and left ventricular p53 and collagen expression that was inhibited by metformin. Metformin also significantly reduced glycated haemoglobin and dyslipidemia induced by diabetes. In addition, a significant correlation between ROS-p53-collagen axis and glycaemia and hyperlipidaemia was observed. CONCLUSIONS These findings show that metformin provides substantial protection against diabetic cardiomyopathy-induced ROS-p53 mediated fibrosis and dyslipidemia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahjat Al-Ani
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Norah M Alzamil
- Department of Clinical Science, Family Medicine, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
| | - Peter W Hewett
- Institute of Cardiovascular Sciences, College of Medicine and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Fahaid Al-Hashem
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Ismaeel Bin-Jaliah
- Department of Physiology, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Abdullah S Shatoor
- Department of Internal Medicine, College of Medicine, King Khalid University, Abha, Saudi Arabia
| | - Samaa S Kamar
- Departments of Medical Histology, Kasr al-Aini Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Noha S Abdel Latif
- Department of Medical Pharmacology, Kasr al-Aini Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed A Haidara
- Department of Physiology, Kasr al-Aini Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Amal F Dawood
- Department of Physiology, Kasr al-Aini Faculty of Medicine, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
- Department of Basic Medical Sciences, College of Medicine, Princess Nourah Bint Abdulrahman University, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia
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Zeng Z, Chen W, Moshensky A, Shakir Z, Khan R, Crotty Alexander LE, Ware LB, Aldaz CM, Jacobson JR, Dudek SM, Natarajan V, Machado RF, Singla S. Cigarette Smoke and Nicotine-Containing Electronic-Cigarette Vapor Downregulate Lung WWOX Expression, Which Is Associated with Increased Severity of Murine Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2021; 64:89-99. [PMID: 33058734 PMCID: PMC7780991 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2020-0145oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2020] [Accepted: 09/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
A history of chronic cigarette smoking is known to increase risk for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS), but the corresponding risks associated with chronic e-cigarette use are largely unknown. The chromosomal fragile site gene, WWOX, is highly susceptible to genotoxic stress from environmental exposures and thus an interesting candidate gene for the study of exposure-related lung disease. Lungs harvested from current versus former/never-smokers exhibited a 47% decrease in WWOX mRNA levels. Exposure to nicotine-containing e-cigarette vapor resulted in an average 57% decrease in WWOX mRNA levels relative to vehicle-treated controls. In separate studies, endothelial (EC)-specific WWOX knockout (KO) versus WWOX flox control mice were examined under ARDS-producing conditions. EC WWOX KO mice exhibited significantly greater levels of vascular leak and histologic lung injury. ECs were isolated from digested lungs of untreated EC WWOX KO mice using sorting by flow cytometry for CD31+ CD45-cells. These were grown in culture, confirmed to be WWOX deficient by RT-PCR and Western blotting, and analyzed by electric cell impedance sensing as well as an FITC dextran transwell assay for their barrier properties during methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus or LPS exposure. WWOX KO ECs demonstrated significantly greater declines in barrier function relative to cells from WWOX flox controls during either methicillin-resistant S. aureus or LPS treatment as measured by both electric cell impedance sensing and the transwell assay. The increased risk for ARDS observed in chronic smokers may be mechanistically linked, at least in part, to lung WWOX downregulation, and this phenomenon may also manifest in the near future in chronic users of e-cigarettes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenguo Zeng
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, Jiangxi, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weiguo Chen
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | - Zaid Shakir
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Raheel Khan
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois
| | | | | | - C. M. Aldaz
- MD Anderson Cancer Center, University of Texas, Houston, Texas; and
| | - Jeffrey R. Jacobson
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Steven M. Dudek
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Viswanathan Natarajan
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois
| | - Roberto F. Machado
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep, and Occupational Medicine, Indiana University School of Medicine, Indianapolis, Indiana
| | - Sunit Singla
- Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, Sleep and Allergy Medicine, University of Illinois, Chicago, Illinois
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p53: A Key Protein That Regulates Pulmonary Fibrosis. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2020; 2020:6635794. [PMID: 33312337 PMCID: PMC7721501 DOI: 10.1155/2020/6635794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2020] [Revised: 11/05/2020] [Accepted: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Pulmonary fibrosis is a progressively aggravating lethal disease that is a serious public health concern. Although the incidence of this disease is increasing, there is a lack of effective therapies. In recent years, the pathogenesis of pulmonary fibrosis has become a research hotspot. p53 is a tumor suppressor gene with crucial roles in cell cycle, apoptosis, tumorigenesis, and malignant transformation. Previous studies on p53 have predominantly focused on its role in neoplastic disease. Following in-depth investigation, several studies have linked it to pulmonary fibrosis. This review covers the association between p53 and pulmonary fibrosis, with the aim of providing novel ideas to improve the clinical diagnosis, treatment, and prognosis of pulmonary fibrosis.
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Xue H, Li M. Protective effect of pterostilbene on sepsis-induced acute lung injury in a rat model via the JAK2/STAT3 pathway. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:1452. [PMID: 33313197 PMCID: PMC7723647 DOI: 10.21037/atm-20-5814] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Bacterial infection is one of the most common causes of sepsis, with acute lung injury (ALI) being a related complication. Pterostilbene (PTS) is extracted from blueberries, peanuts, and grapes, and has numerous pharmacologic activities. The aim of the present study was to explore the underlying role of PTS protects against sepsis-mediated ALI. Methods We established a sepsis model induced by cecal ligation and puncture (CLP) in rats. The rats were randomly divided into five groups (n=5 each): sham group, CLP group, Dexmedetomidine group (Dex, 50 µg/kg) and PTS groups (25 and 50 mg/kg). Twenty-hours hours after CLP, PTS was intraperitoneally injected for 14 continuous days. The rats were killed, and blood and lung tissue were collected for pathological analysis and mRNA and protein detection. Results Our findings showed that PTS reduced the wet/dry ratio and ameliorated sepsis-induced pulmonary fibrosis (PF), which was associated with improvement of pathological damage in lung tissues. We also observed the inhibitory effect of PTS on apoptosis and release of inflammatory cytokines (i.e., tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-6, and monocyte chemotactic protein 1). In addition, PTS markedly suppressed the phosphorylation levels of Janus kinase-2 (JAK2) and signal transducer and activator of transcription 3 (STAT3). Conclusions Our results indicated that PTS inhibited the PF, apoptosis, and inflammatory response via the JAK2/STAT3 pathway in a sepsis-induced ALI rat model, providing a candidate for drug therapy of sepsis-induced ALI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hua Xue
- Xi'an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi'an, China
| | - Manxiang Li
- Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, China
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Gopu V, Fan L, Shetty RS, Nagaraja M, Shetty S. Caveolin-1 scaffolding domain peptide regulates glucose metabolism in lung fibrosis. JCI Insight 2020; 5:137969. [PMID: 32841217 PMCID: PMC7566714 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.137969] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Increased metabolism distinguishes myofibroblasts or fibrotic lung fibroblasts (fLfs) from the normal lung fibroblasts (nLfs). The mechanism of metabolic activation in fLfs has not been fully elucidated. Furthermore, the antifibrogenic effects of caveolin-1 scaffolding domain peptide CSP/CSP7 involving metabolic reprogramming in fLfs are unclear. We therefore analyzed lactate and succinate levels, as well as the expression of glycolytic enzymes and hypoxia inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α). Lactate and succinate levels, as well as the basal expression of glycolytic enzymes and HIF-1α, were increased in fLfs. These changes were reversed following restoration of p53 or its transcriptional target microRNA-34a (miR-34a) expression in fLfs. Conversely, inhibition of basal p53 or miR-34a increased glucose metabolism, glycolytic enzymes, and HIF-1α in nLfs. Treatment of fLfs or mice having bleomycin- or Ad-TGF-β1-induced lung fibrosis with CSP/CSP7 reduced the expression of glycolytic enzymes and HIF-1α. Furthermore, inhibition of p53 or miR-34a abrogated CSP/CSP7-mediated restoration of glycolytic flux in fLfs in vitro and in mice with pulmonary fibrosis and lacking p53 or miR-34a expression in fibroblasts in vivo. Our data indicate that dysregulation of glucose metabolism in fLfs is causally linked to loss of basal expression of p53 and miR-34a. Treatment with CSP/CSP7 constrains aberrant glucose metabolism through restoration of p53 and miR-34a.
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Marudamuthu AS, Bhandary YP, Fan L, Radhakrishnan V, MacKenzie B, Maier E, Shetty SK, Nagaraja MR, Gopu V, Tiwari N, Zhang Y, Watts AB, Williams RO, Criner GJ, Bolla S, Marchetti N, Idell S, Shetty S. Caveolin-1-derived peptide limits development of pulmonary fibrosis. Sci Transl Med 2020; 11:11/522/eaat2848. [PMID: 31826982 DOI: 10.1126/scitranslmed.aat2848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2018] [Revised: 03/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a fatal fibrotic lung disease with a median 5-year survival of ~20%. Current U.S. Food and Drug Administration-approved pharmacotherapies slow progression of IPF, providing hope that even more effective treatments can be developed. Alveolar epithelial progenitor type II cell (AEC) apoptosis and proliferation, and accumulation of activated myofibroblasts or fibrotic lung fibroblasts (fLfs) contribute to the progression of IPF. Full-length caveolin-1 scaffolding domain peptide (CSP; amino acids 82 to 101 of Cav1: DGIWKASFTTFTVTKYWFYR) inhibits AEC apoptosis and fLf activation and expansion and attenuates PF in bleomycin (BLM)-induced lung injury in mice. Like full-length CSP, a seven-amino acid deletion fragment of CSP, CSP7 (FTTFTVT), demonstrated antifibrotic effects in murine models of lung fibrosis. When CSP7 was administered during the fibrotic phase in three preclinical models [single-dose BLM, repeated-dose BLM, and adenovirus expressing constitutively active transforming growth factor-β1 (Ad-TGF-β1)-induced established PF], CSP7 reduced extracellular matrix (ECM) markers characteristic of PF, increased AEC survival, and improved lung function. CSP7 is amenable to both systemic (intraperitoneal) or direct lung delivery in a nebulized or dry powder form. Furthermore, CSP7 treatment of end-stage human IPF lung tissue explants attenuated ECM production and promoted AEC survival. Ames testing for mutagenicity and in vitro human peripheral blood lymphocyte and in vivo mouse micronucleus transformation assays indicated that CSP7 is not carcinogenic. Together, these findings support the further development of CSP7 as an antifibrotic treatment for patients with IPF or other interstitial lung diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amarnath Satheesh Marudamuthu
- Department of Medicine, Texas Lung Injury Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, 11937 US Highway 271, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
| | - Yashodhar Prabhakar Bhandary
- Department of Medicine, Texas Lung Injury Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, 11937 US Highway 271, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
| | - Liang Fan
- Department of Medicine, Texas Lung Injury Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, 11937 US Highway 271, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
| | - Vijay Radhakrishnan
- Department of Medicine, Texas Lung Injury Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, 11937 US Highway 271, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
| | - BreAnne MacKenzie
- Lung Therapeutics Inc., 2801 Via Fortuna Suite 425 Austin, TX 78746, USA
| | - Esther Maier
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin, 2409 University Avenue, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Shwetha Kumari Shetty
- Department of Medicine, Texas Lung Injury Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, 11937 US Highway 271, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
| | - M R Nagaraja
- Department of Medicine, Texas Lung Injury Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, 11937 US Highway 271, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
| | - Venkadesaperumal Gopu
- Department of Medicine, Texas Lung Injury Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, 11937 US Highway 271, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
| | - Nivedita Tiwari
- Department of Medicine, Texas Lung Injury Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, 11937 US Highway 271, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
| | - Yajie Zhang
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin, 2409 University Avenue, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Alan B Watts
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin, 2409 University Avenue, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Robert O Williams
- Division of Molecular Pharmaceutics and Drug Delivery, College of Pharmacy, University of Texas at Austin, 2409 University Avenue, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Gerald J Criner
- Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, 3401 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Sudhir Bolla
- Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, 3401 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Nathaniel Marchetti
- Department of Thoracic Medicine and Surgery, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, 3401 North Broad Street, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Steven Idell
- Department of Medicine, Texas Lung Injury Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, 11937 US Highway 271, Tyler, TX 75708, USA
| | - Sreerama Shetty
- Department of Medicine, Texas Lung Injury Institute, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, 11937 US Highway 271, Tyler, TX 75708, USA.
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Gouda MM, Rex DAB, ES SP, Modi PK, Chanderasekaran J, Bhandary YP. Proteomics Analysis Revealed the Importance of Inflammation-Mediated Downstream Pathways and the Protective Role of Curcumin in Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis in C57BL/6 Mice. J Proteome Res 2020; 19:2950-2963. [DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.9b00838] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Manjunath Gouda
- Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya University (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore 575018, Karnataka, India
- Comprehensive Pneumology Center, Helmholtz-Zentrum, Max-Lebsche-Platz-31, München 81377, Germany
| | - D. A. B. Rex
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore 575018, India
| | - Sindhu Priya ES
- Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya University (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore 575018, Karnataka, India
- Yenepoya Pharmacy College and Research Center, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Prashant Kumar Modi
- Center for Systems Biology and Molecular Medicine, Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore 575018, India
| | | | - Yashodhar Prabhakar Bhandary
- Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya University (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore 575018, Karnataka, India
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Shaikh SB, Prabhakar Bhandary Y. Effect of curcumin on IL-17A mediated pulmonary AMPK kinase/cyclooxygenase-2 expressions via activation of NFκB in bleomycin-induced acute lung injury in vivo. Int Immunopharmacol 2020; 85:106676. [PMID: 32535538 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2020.106676] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2020] [Revised: 05/20/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) remains to be the major cause of mortality. Bleomycin (BLM) injury activates the pro-inflammatory cytokine Interleukin L-17A which regulates the expression of COX-2 and inhibits P-AMPKα in BLM/IL-17A exposed mice upon activation of NFκB and other inflammatory molecules the actual mechanism behind which remains unclear. The current investigation was carried out to assess the role of IL-17A with COX-2 and P- AMPKα and to highlight the important contribution of adjunctive use of curcumin as a promising preventive strategy for the BLM-induced ALI. Immunofluorescence analysis reveals that the natural spice curcumin blocks the expressions of COX-2, NF-κB-p65, fibronectin (FBN), and expresses P-AMPKα in vivo. Curcumin could also suppress the expressions of NF-κB-p105 in BLM/IL-17A exposed mice. mRNA expressions showed reduced expressions of PDGFA, PDGFB, CTGF, IGF1, NFκB1, NFκB2, MMP-3, MMP-9, and MMP-14 on curcumin treatment. Our study implicates a critical role of AMPKα/COX- 2 in the emergence of pulmonary fibrosis via exerting the potential role of curcumin as an adjuvant anti-inflammatory therapeutic for treating lung injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadiya Bi Shaikh
- Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore 575018, Karnataka, India
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Cong X, Nagre N, Herrera J, Pearson AC, Pepper I, Morehouse R, Ji HL, Jiang D, Hubmayr RD, Zhao X. TRIM72 promotes alveolar epithelial cell membrane repair and ameliorates lung fibrosis. Respir Res 2020; 21:132. [PMID: 32471489 PMCID: PMC7257505 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-020-01384-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Chronic tissue injury was shown to induce progressive scarring in fibrotic diseases such as idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), while an array of repair/regeneration and stress responses come to equilibrium to determine the outcome of injury at the organ level. In the lung, type I alveolar epithelial (ATI) cells constitute the epithelial barrier, while type II alveolar epithelial (ATII) cells play a pivotal role in regenerating the injured distal lungs. It had been demonstrated that eukaryotic cells possess repair machinery that can quickly patch the damaged plasma membrane after injury, and our previous studies discovered the membrane-mending role of Tripartite motif containing 72 (TRIM72) that expresses in a limited number of tissues including the lung. Nevertheless, the role of alveolar epithelial cell (AEC) repair in the pathogenesis of IPF has not been examined yet. Method In this study, we tested the specific roles of TRIM72 in the repair of ATII cells and the development of lung fibrosis. The role of membrane repair was accessed by saponin assay on isolated primary ATII cells and rat ATII cell line. The anti-fibrotic potential of TRIM72 was tested with bleomycin-treated transgenic mice. Results We showed that TRIM72 was upregulated following various injuries and in human IPF lungs. However, TRIM72 expression in ATII cells of the IPF lungs had aberrant subcellular localization. In vitro studies showed that TRIM72 repairs membrane injury of immortalized and primary ATIIs, leading to inhibition of stress-induced p53 activation and reduction in cell apoptosis. In vivo studies demonstrated that TRIM72 protects the integrity of the alveolar epithelial layer and reduces lung fibrosis. Conclusion Our results suggest that TRIM72 protects injured lungs and ameliorates fibrosis through promoting post-injury repair of AECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaofei Cong
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
| | - Nagaraja Nagre
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, USA.
| | - Jeremy Herrera
- Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Andrew C Pearson
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
| | - Ian Pepper
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
| | - Robell Morehouse
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, USA
| | - Hong-Long Ji
- Texas Lung Injury Institute, The University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, TX, USA
| | - Dianhua Jiang
- Department of Medicine, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rolf D Hubmayr
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, MN, USA
| | - Xiaoli Zhao
- Department of Physiological Sciences, Eastern Virginia Medical School, Norfolk, Virginia, USA. .,National Institute of General Medical Sciences, Bethesda, MD, USA.
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Liu RM, Liu G. Cell senescence and fibrotic lung diseases. Exp Gerontol 2020; 132:110836. [PMID: 31958492 PMCID: PMC7036279 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2020.110836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2019] [Revised: 01/08/2020] [Accepted: 01/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive fatal lung disorder with an unknown etiology and very limited therapeutic options. The incidence and severity of IPF increase with advanced age, suggesting that aging is a major risk factor for IPF. The mechanism underlying the aging-related susceptibility to IPF, however, remains unclear. Cellular senescence, a permanent arrest of cell growth, has been increasingly recognized as an important contributor to aging and aging-related diseases, including IPF. Senescent cells have been identified in IPF lungs and in experimental lung fibrosis models. Removal of senescent cells pharmacologically or genetically improves lung function and reverses pulmonary fibrosis induced by different stimuli in experimental fibrosis models. Treatment with senolytic drugs also improves clinical symptoms in IPF patients. These intriguing findings suggest that cellular senescence contributes importantly to the pathogenesis of fibrotic lung diseases and targeting senescent cells may represent a novel approach for the treatment of fibrotic lung disorders. In this mini review, we summarize the recent advance in the field regarding the role of cellular senescence in fibrotic lung diseases, with a focus on IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui-Ming Liu
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA.
| | - Gang Liu
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care, Department of Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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Otoupalova E, Smith S, Cheng G, Thannickal VJ. Oxidative Stress in Pulmonary Fibrosis. Compr Physiol 2020; 10:509-547. [PMID: 32163196 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c190017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 141] [Impact Index Per Article: 35.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Oxidative stress has been linked to various disease states as well as physiological aging. The lungs are uniquely exposed to a highly oxidizing environment and have evolved several mechanisms to attenuate oxidative stress. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive age-related disorder that leads to architectural remodeling, impaired gas exchange, respiratory failure, and death. In this article, we discuss cellular sources of oxidant production, and antioxidant defenses, both enzymatic and nonenzymatic. We outline the current understanding of the pathogenesis of IPF and how oxidative stress contributes to fibrosis. Further, we link oxidative stress to the biology of aging that involves DNA damage responses, loss of proteostasis, and mitochondrial dysfunction. We discuss the recent findings on the role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in specific fibrotic processes such as macrophage polarization and immunosenescence, alveolar epithelial cell apoptosis and senescence, myofibroblast differentiation and senescence, and alterations in the acellular extracellular matrix. Finally, we provide an overview of the current preclinical studies and clinical trials targeting oxidative stress in fibrosis and potential new strategies for future therapeutic interventions. © 2020 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 10:509-547, 2020.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Otoupalova
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Sam Smith
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Guangjie Cheng
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Victor J Thannickal
- Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
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Abstract
Acute lung injury (ALI) is characterized by acute inflammation and tissue injury results in dysfunction of the alveolar epithelial membrane. If the epithelial injury is severe, a fibroproliferative phase of ALI can develop. During this phase, the activated fibroblast and myofibroblasts synthesize excessive collagenous extracellular matrix that leads to a condition called pulmonary fibrosis. Lung injury can be caused by several ways; however, the present review focus on bleomycin (BLM)-mediated changes in the pathology of lungs. BLM is a chemotherapeutic agent and has toxic effects on lungs, which leads to oxidative damage and elaboration of inflammatory cytokines. In response to the injury, the inflammatory cytokines will be activated to defend the system from injury. These cytokines along with growth factors stimulate the proliferation of myofibroblasts and secretion of pathologic extracellular matrix. During BLM injury, the pro-inflammatory cytokine such as IL-17A will be up-regulated and mediates the inflammation in the alveolar epithelial cell and also brings about recruitment of certain inflammatory cells in the alveolar surface. These cytokines probably help in up-regulating the expression of p53 and fibrinolytic system molecules during the alveolar epithelial cells apoptosis. Here, our key concern is to provide the adequate knowledge about IL-17A-mediated p53 fibrinolytic system and their pathogenic progression to pulmonary fibrosis. The present review focuses mainly on IL-17A-mediated p53-fibrinolytic aspects and how curcumin is involved in the regulation of pathogenic progression of ALI and pulmonary fibrosis.
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Formulation Composition and Process Affect Counterion for CSP7 Peptide. Pharmaceutics 2019; 11:pharmaceutics11100498. [PMID: 31569515 PMCID: PMC6835953 DOI: 10.3390/pharmaceutics11100498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2019] [Revised: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Counterions commonly remain with peptides in salt form after peptide purification. In animal and human studies, acetate counterions are a safer and more acceptable choice for peptides than others (e.g., trifluoroacetate counterions). Various salt forms of caveolin-1 scaffolding domain (CSP7) affect counterion volatilization. The development of lyophilized formulations containing volatile compounds is a challenge because these compounds sublimate away during the process. This work aims to investigate the effect of excipients and lyophilization parameters on the preservation of volatile compounds after lyophilization. The peak areas obtained from 1H and 19F NMR spectra were used to calculate the molar ratio of counterions to CSP7. We found that the pH modifier excipient had the greatest impact on the loss of counterions. By optimizing the molar ratio of bulking agent to CSP7, volatile compounds can be preserved after lyophilization. Higher chamber pressure during lyophilization can lower the sublimation rate of volatile compounds. Moreover, the loss of volatile compounds affects the stability of CSP7 due to the pH shift of reconstituted solutions, thereby causing peptide aggregation. The optimization of the formulation and processing helps preserve volatile compounds, thus minimizing the pH change of reconstituted solutions and maintaining the stability of peptide.
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Nagaraja MR, Tiwari N, Shetty SK, Marudamuthu AS, Fan L, Ostrom RS, Fu J, Gopu V, Radhakrishnan V, Idell S, Shetty S. p53 Expression in Lung Fibroblasts Is Linked to Mitigation of Fibrotic Lung Remodeling. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2019; 188:2207-2222. [PMID: 30253845 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2018.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2017] [Revised: 06/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/02/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a debilitating, incurable, and life-threatening disease. A cardinal feature of the pathogenesis of IPF is excessive extracellular matrix deposition attributable to proliferation of activated fibrotic lung fibroblasts (fLfs). To assess the underlying mechanism, we analyzed the status of the tumor suppressor protein p53 in fLfs from the lungs of IPF patients or mice with bleomycin-induced established PF. We report that basal expression of p53 is markedly reduced in fLfs. Forced expression of caveolin-1 in fLfs increased basal p53 and reduced profibrogenic proteins, including collagen-1. Transduction of fLfs with adenovirus expressing p53 reduced expression of these proteins. Conversely, inhibition of baseline p53 in control lung fibroblasts from lung tissues increased profibrogenic protein expression. Lung transduction of adenovirus expressing p53 reduced bleomycin-induced PF in wild-type or caveolin-1-deficient mice. Furthermore, treatment of fLfs or fibrotic lung tissues with caveolin-1 scaffolding domain peptide (CSP) or its fragment, CSP7, restored p53 and reduced profibrogenic proteins. Treatment of wild-type mice with i.p. CSP or CSP7 resolved bleomycin-induced PF. These peptides failed to resolve PF in inducible conditional knockout mice lacking p53 in fLfs, indicating the induction of baseline fLf p53 as the basis of the antifibrotic effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- M R Nagaraja
- Texas Lung Injury Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas
| | - Nivedita Tiwari
- Texas Lung Injury Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas
| | - Shwetha K Shetty
- Texas Lung Injury Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas
| | - Amarnath S Marudamuthu
- Texas Lung Injury Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas
| | - Liang Fan
- Texas Lung Injury Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas
| | - Rennolds S Ostrom
- Department of Pharmacology, Chapman University School of Pharmacy, Irvine, California
| | - Jian Fu
- Center for Research on Environmental Disease and Toxicology, College of Medicine, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky
| | - Venkadesaperumal Gopu
- Texas Lung Injury Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas
| | - Vijay Radhakrishnan
- Texas Lung Injury Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas
| | - Steven Idell
- Texas Lung Injury Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas
| | - Sreerama Shetty
- Texas Lung Injury Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Texas Health Science Center at Tyler, Tyler, Texas.
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Shaikh SB, Prabhu A, Bhandary YP. Targeting anti-aging protein sirtuin (Sirt) in the diagnosis of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. J Cell Biochem 2019; 120:6878-6885. [PMID: 30390331 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.28033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 10/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a severe, incurable, age-associated respiratory disorder that has gained significance because of its unknown etiology and lack of therapeutic approaches. IPF causes maximum damage to the alveolar epithelial cells, thereby leading to lung remodeling and initiating epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT). The actual molecular mechanisms underlying IPF still remain unclear, and knowledge about these mechanisms would be helpful in its diagnosis. Sirtuins (Sirt) are class of NAD+-dependent proteins, widely known to exert positive and protective effects on age-related diseases such as diabetes, cancer, and so on, and are also involved in regulating IPF. The sirtuin family comprises of seven members (Sirt1 to Sirt7), out of which Sirt1, Sirt3, Sirt6, and Sirt7 exert positive effects on IPF. Sirt1 is associated with aging and inhibits cellular senescence and fibrosis. Sirt1 is well recognized in controlling pulmonary fibrosis and is also considered as a prime positive mediator of EMT. The expressions of Sirt3 protein tend to decline in IPF patients; hence it is known as an anti-fibrotic protein. Sirt6 indeed has been proven to reduce EMT during IPF. Decreased levels of Sirt7 during IPF regulate lung fibroblasts. Hence, active levels of Sirt1, Sirt3, Sirt6, and Sirt7 can be attractive target models to elucidate a novel potential therapeutic approach for IPF. In this prospect, we have discussed the role of Sirtuins in pulmonary fibrosis by exploring the recent research evidence that highlight the role of sirtuins and also describes their protective effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sadiya Bi Shaikh
- Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
| | - Ashwini Prabhu
- Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Mangalore, Karnataka, India
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Geng Y, Liu X, Liang J, Habiel DM, Kulur V, Coelho AL, Deng N, Xie T, Wang Y, Liu N, Huang G, Kurkciyan A, Liu Z, Tang J, Hogaboam CM, Jiang D, Noble PW. PD-L1 on invasive fibroblasts drives fibrosis in a humanized model of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis. JCI Insight 2019; 4:125326. [PMID: 30763282 DOI: 10.1172/jci.insight.125326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a progressive disease with unremitting extracellular matrix deposition, leading to a distortion of pulmonary architecture and impaired gas exchange. Fibroblasts from IPF patients acquire an invasive phenotype that is essential for progressive fibrosis. Here, we performed RNA sequencing analysis on invasive and noninvasive fibroblasts and found that the immune checkpoint ligand CD274 (also known as PD-L1) was upregulated on invasive lung fibroblasts and was required for the invasive phenotype of lung fibroblasts, is regulated by p53 and FAK, and drives lung fibrosis in a humanized IPF model in mice. Activating CD274 in IPF fibroblasts promoted invasion in vitro and pulmonary fibrosis in vivo. CD274 knockout in IPF fibroblasts and targeting CD274 by FAK inhibition or CD274-neutralizing antibodies blunted invasion and attenuated fibrosis, suggesting that CD274 may be a novel therapeutic target in IPF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Geng
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.,School of Pharmaceutical Science, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xue Liu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Jiurong Liang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - David M Habiel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Vrishika Kulur
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ana Lucia Coelho
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Nan Deng
- Biostatistics & Bioinformatics Core
| | - Ting Xie
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | - Ningshan Liu
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Guanling Huang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Adrianne Kurkciyan
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | | | | | - Cory M Hogaboam
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Dianhua Jiang
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA.,Department of Biomedical Sciences, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Paul W Noble
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Women's Guild Lung Institute, Cedars-Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Alveolar type 2 progenitor cells for lung injury repair. Cell Death Discov 2019; 5:63. [PMID: 30774991 PMCID: PMC6368612 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-019-0147-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 01/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Alveolar type 2 progenitor cells (AT2) seem closest to clinical translation, specifying the evidence that AT2 may satisfactorily control the immune response to decrease lung injury by stabilizing host immune-competence and a classic and crucial resource for lung regeneration and repair. AT2 establish potential in benefiting injured lungs. However, significant discrepancies linger in our understanding vis-à-vis the mechanisms for AT2 as a regime for stem cell therapy as well as essential guiding information for clinical trials, including effectiveness in appropriate pre-clinical models, safety, mostly specifications for divergent lung injury patients. These important gaps shall be systematically investigated prior to the vast therapeutic perspective of AT2 cells for pulmonary diseases can be considered. This review focused on AT2 cells homeostasis, pathophysiological changes in the pathogenesis of lung injury, physiological function of AT2 cells, apoptosis of AT2 cells in lung diseases, the role of AT2 cells in repairing processes after lung injury, mechanism of AT2 cells activation promote repairing processes after lung injury, and potential therapy of lung disease by utilizing the AT2 progenitor cells. The advancement remains to causally connect the molecular and cellular alteration of AT2 cells to lung injury and repair. Conclusively, it is identified that AT2 cells can convert into AT1 cells; but, the comprehensive cellular mechanisms involved in this transition are unrevealed. Further investigation is mandatory to determine new strategies to prevent lung injury.
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Gouda MM, Shaikh SB, Bhandary YP. Inflammatory and Fibrinolytic System in Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome. Lung 2018; 196:609-616. [PMID: 30121847 DOI: 10.1007/s00408-018-0150-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) is the most advanced form of acute lung injury (ALI). This is characterized by bilateral pulmonary infiltrates and severe hypoxemia. According to Berlin definition of ARDS, this is defined based on the timings, radiographic changes, edema formation, and severity on the PaO2/FiO2 ratio. During ARDS, the loss of integrity of the epithelium causes the septic shock. The degree of epithelial injury is the major prognostic marker of ARDS. In addition to this, inflammatory cell migration, fibro-proliferation, and activation of apoptosis also play an important role in the pathophysiology of ARDS. The alveolar epithelial cell is the prime target during injury where this cell either undergo apoptosis or epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT). Injury to the AECs triggers the changes in the DNA fragmentation and activation of certain apoptotic markers such as caspases at the same time some cells undergo biochemical changes and loses its epithelial morphology as well epithelial biomarkers and gain mesenchymal biomarkers and morphology. In both the cases, the fibrinolytic system plays an important role in maintaining the integrity of the disease process efficiently. This review highlights the research evidence of apoptosis and EMT in lung development, injury and its prognosis in ARDS thereby to develop an effective strategy for the treatment of ARDS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh Manjunath Gouda
- Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka, 575018, India
| | - Sadiya B Shaikh
- Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore, Karnataka, 575018, India
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IL-17A suppresses and curcumin up-regulates Akt expression upon bleomycin exposure. Mol Biol Rep 2018; 45:645-650. [DOI: 10.1007/s11033-018-4199-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2017] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
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50
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Gouda MM, Bhandary YP. Curcumin down-regulates IL-17A mediated p53-fibrinolytic system in bleomycin induced acute lung injury in vivo. J Cell Biochem 2018; 119:7285-7299. [PMID: 29775223 DOI: 10.1002/jcb.27026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Accepted: 04/05/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Bleomycin (BLM) induced cellular damage causes inflammation in the alveolar compartment and impairment of fibrinolytic system leads to alveolar epithelial cell apoptosis. Here, we describe novel inflammatory pathway associated with p53-fibrinolytic system and apoptosis of alveolar epithelial cells and pharmacological efficiency of curcumin against this action. In the present study we used C57BL/6 mice. The specific dose and time interval of curcumin were analyzed to assess the intervention. Experiments were designed to investigate the IL-17A mediated modulation in the alveolar epithelial cell apoptosis and injury. Various techniques such as Western blot, RT-PCR, Immunohistochemistry were used for this study. We observed that the BLM-induced lung injury and its progression were successfully regulated by the effective dose and time intervention of curcumin. There was also decreased expression of chemokines, p53, and fibrinolytic components such as PAI-1 and increased uPA, uPAR expression, and decreased alveolar epithelial cell apoptosis, which indicates the IL-17A mediated novel inflammatory pathway. It is confirmed that the IL-17A involved in the modulation of p53-fibrinolytic system and epithelial cell apoptosis in BLM induced mice. The cross-talk between the inflammatory, fibrinolytic, and apoptotic pathways were resolved by curcumin intervention. This pathway and intervention could serve as a modern therapy to resolve the complications to cure the lung injury and its progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahesh M Gouda
- Yenepoya Research Centre, Yenepoya University, Mangalore, Karnataka, India
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