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Jaitner A, Vaudel M, Tsaneva-Atanasova K, Njølstad PR, Jacobsson B, Bowden J, Johansson S, Freathy RM. Smoking during pregnancy and its effect on placental weight: a Mendelian randomization study. BMC Pregnancy Childbirth 2024; 24:238. [PMID: 38575863 PMCID: PMC10993495 DOI: 10.1186/s12884-024-06431-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/17/2024] [Indexed: 04/06/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The causal relationship between maternal smoking in pregnancy and reduced offspring birth weight is well established and is likely due to impaired placental function. However, observational studies have given conflicting results on the association between smoking and placental weight. We aimed to estimate the causal effect of newly pregnant mothers quitting smoking on their placental weight at the time of delivery. METHODS We used one-sample Mendelian randomization, drawing data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) (N = 690 to 804) and the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) (N = 4267 to 4606). The sample size depends on the smoking definition used for different analyses. The analysis was performed in pre-pregnancy smokers only, due to the specific role of the single-nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) rs1051730 (CHRNA5 - CHRNA3 - CHRNB4) in affecting smoking cessation but not initiation. RESULTS Fixed effect meta-analysis showed a 182 g [95%CI: 29,335] higher placental weight for pre-pregnancy smoking mothers who continued smoking at the beginning of pregnancy, compared with those who stopped smoking. Using the number of cigarettes smoked per day in the first trimester as the exposure, the causal effect on placental weight was 11 g [95%CI: 1,21] per cigarette per day. Similarly, smoking at the end of pregnancy was causally associated with higher placental weight. Using the residuals of birth weight regressed on placental weight as the outcome, we showed evidence of lower offspring birth weight relative to the placental weight, both for continuing smoking at the start of pregnancy as well as continuing smoking throughout pregnancy (change in z-score birth weight adjusted for z-score placental weight: -0.8 [95%CI: -1.6,-0.1]). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that continued smoking during pregnancy causes higher placental weights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Jaitner
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Marc Vaudel
- Mohn Center for Diabetes Precision Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Division of Health Data and Digitalization, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Computational Biology Unit, Department of Informatics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Krasimira Tsaneva-Atanasova
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- EPSRC Hub for Quantitative Modelling in Healthcare University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Pål R Njølstad
- Mohn Center for Diabetes Precision Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Children and Youth Clinic, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Bo Jacobsson
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Division of Health Data and Digitalization, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jack Bowden
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- Novo Nordisk Genetics Centre of Excellence, Oxford, UK
| | - Stefan Johansson
- Mohn Center for Diabetes Precision Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Rachel M Freathy
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK.
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Wang Z, Camm EJ, Nuzzo AM, Spiroski AM, Skeffington KL, Ashmore TJ, Rolfo A, Todros T, Logan A, Ma J, Murphy MP, Niu Y, Giussani DA. In vivo mitochondria-targeted protection against uterine artery vascular dysfunction and remodelling in rodent hypoxic pregnancy. J Physiol 2024; 602:1211-1225. [PMID: 38381050 DOI: 10.1113/jp286178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Gestational hypoxia adversely affects uterine artery function, increasing complications. However, an effective therapy remains unidentified. Here, we show in rodent uterine arteries that hypoxic pregnancy promotes hypertrophic remodelling, increases constrictor reactivity via protein kinase C signalling, and triggers compensatory dilatation via nitric oxide-dependent mechanisms and stimulation of large conductance Ca2+ -activated K+ -channels. Maternal in vivo oral treatment with the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant MitoQ in hypoxic pregnancy normalises uterine artery reactivity and prevents vascular remodelling. From days 6-20 of gestation (term ∼22 days), female Wistar rats were randomly assigned to normoxic or hypoxic (13-14% O2 ) pregnancy ± daily maternal MitoQ treatment (500 µm in drinking water). At 20 days of gestation, maternal, placental and fetal tissue was frozen to determine MitoQ uptake. The uterine arteries were harvested and, in one segment, constrictor and dilator reactivity was determined by wire myography. Another segment was fixed for unbiased stereological analysis of vessel morphology. Maternal administration of MitoQ in both normoxic and hypoxic pregnancy crossed the placenta and was present in all tissues analysed. Hypoxia increased uterine artery constrictor responses to norepinephrine, angiotensin II and the protein kinase C activator, phorbol 12,13-dibutyrate. Hypoxia enhanced dilator reactivity to sodium nitroprusside, the large conductance Ca2+ -activated K+ -channel activator NS1619 and ACh via increased nitric oxide-dependent mechanisms. Uterine arteries from hypoxic pregnancy showed increased wall thickness and MitoQ treatment in hypoxic pregnancy prevented all effects on uterine artery reactivity and remodelling. The data support mitochondria-targeted therapy against adverse changes in uterine artery structure and function in high-risk pregnancy. KEY POINTS: Dysfunction and remodelling of the uterine artery are strongly implicated in many pregnancy complications, including advanced maternal age, maternal hypertension of pregnancy, maternal obesity, gestational diabetes and pregnancy at high altitude. Such complications not only have immediate adverse effects on the growth of the fetus, but also they can also increase the risk of cardiovascular disease in the mother and offspring. Despite this, there is a significant unmet clinical need for therapeutics that treat uterine artery vascular dysfunction in adverse pregnancy. Here, we show in a rodent model of gestational hypoxia that in vivo oral treatment of the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant MitoQ protects against uterine artery vascular dysfunction and remodelling, supporting the use of mitochondria-targeted therapy against adverse changes in uterine artery structure and function in high-risk pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongchao Wang
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Aerospace Physiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
- Department of Congenital Heart Disease, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Emily J Camm
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- The Ritchie Centre, Hudson Institute of Medical Research, Clayton, VIC, Australia
| | - Anna Maria Nuzzo
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Ana-Mishel Spiroski
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Cardiovascular Strategic Research Initiative, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Katie L Skeffington
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Thomas J Ashmore
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Alessandro Rolfo
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Tullia Todros
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, Turin, Italy
| | - Angela Logan
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jin Ma
- Department of Aerospace Physiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Michael P Murphy
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Youguo Niu
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Cardiovascular Strategic Research Initiative, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dino A Giussani
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
- Cambridge Cardiovascular Strategic Research Initiative, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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3
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Opichka MA, Livergood MC, Balapattabi K, Ritter ML, Brozoski DT, Wackman KK, Lu KT, Kozak KN, Wells C, Fogo AB, Gibson-Corley KN, Kwitek AE, Sigmund CD, McIntosh JJ, Grobe JL. Mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant attenuates preeclampsia-like phenotypes induced by syncytiotrophoblast-specific Gαq signaling. SCIENCE ADVANCES 2023; 9:eadg8118. [PMID: 38039359 PMCID: PMC10691776 DOI: 10.1126/sciadv.adg8118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/23/2023] [Accepted: 10/31/2023] [Indexed: 12/03/2023]
Abstract
Syncytiotrophoblast stress is theorized to drive development of preeclampsia, but its molecular causes and consequences remain largely undefined. Multiple hormones implicated in preeclampsia signal via the Gαq cascade, leading to the hypothesis that excess Gαq signaling within the syncytiotrophoblast may contribute. First, we present data supporting increased Gαq signaling and antioxidant responses within villous and syncytiotrophoblast samples of human preeclamptic placenta. Second, Gαq was activated in mouse placenta using Cre-lox and DREADD methodologies. Syncytiotrophoblast-restricted Gαq activation caused hypertension, kidney damage, proteinuria, elevated circulating proinflammatory factors, decreased placental vascularization, diminished spiral artery diameter, and augmented responses to mitochondrial-derived superoxide. Administration of the mitochondrial-targeted antioxidant Mitoquinone attenuated maternal proteinuria, lowered circulating inflammatory and anti-angiogenic mediators, and maintained placental vascularization. These data demonstrate a causal relationship between syncytiotrophoblast stress and the development of preeclampsia and identify elevated Gαq signaling and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species as a cause of this stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Megan A. Opichka
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA
| | | | | | | | | | - Kelsey K. Wackman
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA
| | - Ko-Ting Lu
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA
| | - Kaleigh N. Kozak
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA
| | - Clive Wells
- Electron Microscopy Core Facility, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA
| | - Agnes B. Fogo
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
| | - Katherine N. Gibson-Corley
- Department of Pathology, Microbiology and Immunology, Vanderbilt University Medical Center, Nashville, USA
| | - Anne E. Kwitek
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA
| | - Curt D. Sigmund
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA
- Neuroscience Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA
| | - Jennifer J. McIntosh
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA
| | - Justin L. Grobe
- Department of Physiology, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA
- Cardiovascular Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA
- Neuroscience Research Center, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA
- Comprehensive Rodent Metabolic Phenotyping Core, Medical College of Wisconsin, Milwaukee, USA
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Yan S, Sheak JR, Walker BR, Jernigan NL, Resta TC. Contribution of Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species to Chronic Hypoxia-Induced Pulmonary Hypertension. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:2060. [PMID: 38136180 PMCID: PMC10741244 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12122060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary hypertension (PH) resulting from chronic hypoxia (CH) occurs in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases, sleep apnea, and restrictive lung diseases, as well as in residents at high altitude. Previous studies from our group and others demonstrate a detrimental role of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the pathogenesis of CH-induced PH, although the subcellular sources of ROS are not fully understood. We hypothesized that mitochondria-derived ROS (mtROS) contribute to enhanced vasoconstrictor reactivity and PH following CH. To test the hypothesis, we exposed rats to 4 weeks of hypobaric hypoxia (PB ≈ 380 mmHg), with control rats housed in ambient air (PB ≈ 630 mmHg). Chronic oral administration of the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant MitoQ attenuated CH-induced decreases in pulmonary artery (PA) acceleration time, increases in right ventricular systolic pressure, right ventricular hypertrophy, and pulmonary arterial remodeling. In addition, endothelium-intact PAs from CH rats exhibited a significantly greater basal tone compared to those from control animals, as was eliminated via MitoQ. CH also augmented the basal tone in endothelium-disrupted PAs, a response associated with increased mtROS production in primary PA smooth muscle cells (PASMCs) from CH rats. However, we further uncovered an effect of NO synthase inhibition with Nω-nitro-L-arginine (L-NNA) to unmask a potent endothelial vasoconstrictor influence that accentuates mtROS-dependent vasoconstriction following CH. This basal tone augmentation in the presence of L-NNA disappeared following combined endothelin A and B receptor blockade with BQ123 and BQ788. The effects of using CH to augment vasoconstriction and PASMC mtROS production in exogenous endothelin 1 (ET-1) were similarly prevented by MitoQ. We conclude that mtROS participate in the development of CH-induced PH. Furthermore, mtROS signaling in PASMCs is centrally involved in enhanced pulmonary arterial constriction following CH, a response potentiated by endogenous ET-1.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Thomas C. Resta
- Vascular Physiology Group, Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, University of New Mexico Health Sciences Center, Albuquerque, NM 87131, USA (J.R.S.); (B.R.W.); (N.L.J.)
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5
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Diniz MS, Magalhães CC, Tocantins C, Grilo LF, Teixeira J, Pereira SP. Nurturing through Nutrition: Exploring the Role of Antioxidants in Maternal Diet during Pregnancy to Mitigate Developmental Programming of Chronic Diseases. Nutrients 2023; 15:4623. [PMID: 37960276 PMCID: PMC10649237 DOI: 10.3390/nu15214623] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 10/27/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic diseases represent one of the major causes of death worldwide. It has been suggested that pregnancy-related conditions, such as gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), maternal obesity (MO), and intra-uterine growth restriction (IUGR) induce an adverse intrauterine environment, increasing the offspring's predisposition to chronic diseases later in life. Research has suggested that mitochondrial function and oxidative stress may play a role in the developmental programming of chronic diseases. Having this in mind, in this review, we include evidence that mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress are mechanisms by which GDM, MO, and IUGR program the offspring to chronic diseases. In this specific context, we explore the promising advantages of maternal antioxidant supplementation using compounds such as resveratrol, curcumin, N-acetylcysteine (NAC), and Mitoquinone (MitoQ) in addressing the metabolic dysfunction and oxidative stress associated with GDM, MO, and IUGR in fetoplacental and offspring metabolic health. This approach holds potential to mitigate developmental programming-related risk of chronic diseases, serving as a probable intervention for disease prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mariana S. Diniz
- CNC-UC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (M.S.D.); (C.C.M.); (C.T.); (L.F.G.)
- CIBB—Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
- Doctoral Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine (PDBEB), Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carina C. Magalhães
- CNC-UC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (M.S.D.); (C.C.M.); (C.T.); (L.F.G.)
- CIBB—Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Carolina Tocantins
- CNC-UC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (M.S.D.); (C.C.M.); (C.T.); (L.F.G.)
- CIBB—Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
- Doctoral Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine (PDBEB), Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Luís F. Grilo
- CNC-UC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (M.S.D.); (C.C.M.); (C.T.); (L.F.G.)
- CIBB—Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
- Doctoral Programme in Experimental Biology and Biomedicine (PDBEB), Institute for Interdisciplinary Research, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - José Teixeira
- CNC-UC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (M.S.D.); (C.C.M.); (C.T.); (L.F.G.)
- CIBB—Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
| | - Susana P. Pereira
- CNC-UC—Center for Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Coimbra, 3004-504 Coimbra, Portugal; (M.S.D.); (C.C.M.); (C.T.); (L.F.G.)
- CIBB—Centre for Innovative Biomedicine and Biotechnology, University of Coimbra, 3004-517 Coimbra, Portugal
- Laboratory of Metabolism and Exercise (LaMetEx), Research Centre in Physical Activity, Health and Leisure (CIAFEL), Laboratory for Integrative and Translational Research in Population Health (ITR), Faculty of Sports, University of Porto, 4200-450 Porto, Portugal
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Pan M, Zhou J, Wang J, Cao W, Li L, Wang L. The role of placental aging in adverse pregnancy outcomes: A mitochondrial perspective. Life Sci 2023; 329:121924. [PMID: 37429418 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.121924] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 06/29/2023] [Accepted: 07/07/2023] [Indexed: 07/12/2023]
Abstract
Premature placental aging is associated with placental insufficiency, which reduces the functional capacity of the placenta, leading to adverse pregnancy outcomes. Placental mitochondria are vital organelles that provide energy and play essential roles in placental development and functional maintenance. In response to oxidative stress, damage, and senescence, an adaptive response is induced to selectively remove mitochondria through the mitochondrial equivalent of autophagy. However, adaptation can be disrupted when mitochondrial abnormalities or dysfunctions persist. This review focuses on the adaptation and transformation of mitochondria during pregnancy. These changes modify placental function throughout pregnancy and can cause complications. We discuss the relationship between placental aging and adverse pregnancy outcomes from the perspective of mitochondria and potential approaches to improve abnormal pregnancy outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meijun Pan
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China; The Second Clinical Medical College of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China; The Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-related Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Zhou
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China; The Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-related Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China; The Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-related Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Wenli Cao
- Center for Reproductive Medicine, Zhoushan Women and Children Hospital, Zhejiang, China
| | - Lisha Li
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China; The Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-related Diseases, Shanghai, China
| | - Ling Wang
- Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital of Fudan University, Shanghai, China; The Academy of Integrative Medicine of Fudan University, Shanghai, China; Shanghai Key Laboratory of Female Reproductive Endocrine-related Diseases, Shanghai, China.
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Mishra A, Betancourt A, Vidyadharan VA, Blesson CS, Belfort M, Yallampalli C, Chauhan M. Calcitonin gene-related peptide protects from soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase-1-induced vascular dysfunction in a preeclampsia mouse model. Front Physiol 2023; 14:1221684. [PMID: 37719463 PMCID: PMC10500126 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1221684] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Accepted: 08/07/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Introduction: Preeclampsia (PE) is a hypertensive disorder during pregnancy associated with elevated levels of soluble FMS-like tyrosine kinase (sFLT-1) and increased vascular sensitivity to angiotensin II (ATII). Calcitonin gene-related peptide (CALCA) is a potent vasodilator that inhibits the ATII-induced increase in blood pressure and protects against ATII-induced increases in oxidative stress through a mitochondrial-dependent pathway in male mice. In rodent pregnancy, CALCA facilitates pregnancy-induced vascular adaptation. Most of the vascular effects of CALCA are mediated by vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). We recently reported that CALCA treatment inhibits sFLT-1-induced decreases in cAMP synthesis in omental artery smooth muscle cells (OASMCs) isolated from pregnant women and has relaxant effects in omental arteries (OAs) isolated from pregnant women with preeclamptic (PE) pregnancies. The current study was designed to assess the effects of sFLT-1 on mitochondrial bioenergetics in OASMCs isolated from pregnant women in the presence or absence of CALCA and assess the development of vascular dysfunction in sFLT-1 using a mouse model of PE pregnancy. Methods: OASMCs were isolated from pregnant women to assess the effects of sFLT-1 on mitochondrial bioenergetics and oxidative stress using the Seahorse assay and quantitative PCR. Pregnant mice overexpressing sFLT-1 via adenoviral delivery were used to assess the effects of CALCA infusion on the sFLT-1-induced increase in blood pressure, ATII hypersensitivity, fetal growth restriction, and the elevated albumin-creatinine ratio. Systemic blood pressure was recorded in conscious, freely moving mice using implantable radio telemetry devices. Results: CALCA inhibited the following sFLT-1-induced effects: 1) increased oxidative stress and the decreased oxygen consumption rate (OCR) in response to maximal respiration and ATP synthesis; 2) increases in the expression of mitochondrial enzyme complexes in OASMCs; 3) increased mitochondrial fragmentation in OASMCs; 4) decreased expression of mitophagy-associated PINK1 and DRAM1 mRNA expression in OASMCs; and 5) increased blood pressure, ATII hypersensitivity, fetal growth restriction, and the albumin-creatinine ratio in sFLT-1-overexpressing pregnant mice. Conclusion: CALCA inhibits sFLT-1-induced alterations in mitochondrial bioenergetics in vascular smooth muscle cells and development of maternal vascular dysfunction in a mouse model of PE.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Chandra Yallampalli
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
| | - Madhu Chauhan
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, United States
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Jaitner A, Vaudel M, Tsaneva-Atanasova K, Njølstad PR, Jacobsson B, Bowden J, Johansson S, Freathy RM. Smoking during pregnancy and its effect on placental weight: A Mendelian randomization study. MEDRXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR HEALTH SCIENCES 2023:2023.08.24.23294537. [PMID: 37662288 PMCID: PMC10473803 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.24.23294537] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/05/2023]
Abstract
Background The causal relationship between maternal smoking in pregnancy and reduced offspring birth weight is well established and is likely due to impaired placental function. However, observational studies have given conflicting results on the association between smoking and placental weight. We aimed to estimate the causal effect of newly pregnant mothers quitting smoking on their placental weight at the time of delivery. Methods We used one-sample Mendelian randomization, drawing data from the Avon Longitudinal Study of Parents and Children (ALSPAC) (up to N = 805) and the Norwegian Mother, Father and Child Cohort Study (MoBa) (up to N = 4475). The analysis was performed in pre-pregnancy smokers only, due to the specific role of the genetic instrument SNP rs1051730 (CHRNA5 - CHRNA3 - CHRNB4) in affecting smoking cessation but not initiation. Results Fixed effect meta-analysis showed a 175 g [95%CI: 16, 334] higher placental weight for pre-pregnancy smoking mothers who continued smoking at the beginning of pregnancy, compared with those who stopped smoking. Using the number of cigarettes smoked per day in the first trimester as the exposure, the causal estimate was a 12 g [95%CI: 2,22] higher placental weight per cigarette per day. Results were similar when the smoking exposures were measured at the end of pregnancy. Using the residuals of birth weight regressed on placental weight as the outcome, we showed weak evidence of lower offspring birth weight relative to the placental weight for continuing smoking. Conclusion Our results suggest that continued smoking during pregnancy causes higher placental weights.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Jaitner
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Marc Vaudel
- Mohn Center for Diabetes Precision Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Division of Health Data and Digitalization, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Computational Biology Unit, Department of Informatics, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Krasimira Tsaneva-Atanasova
- Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Faculty of Environment, Science and Economy, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- EPSRC Hub for Quantitative Modelling in Healthcare University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
| | - Pål R. Njølstad
- Mohn Center for Diabetes Precision Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Children and Youth Clinic, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Bo Jacobsson
- Department of Genetics and Bioinformatics, Division of Health Data and Digitalization, Norwegian Institute of Public Health, Oslo, Norway
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Institute of Clinical Sciences, Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Sahlgrenska University Hospital, Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
| | - Jack Bowden
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
- Novo Nordisk Genetics Centre of Excellence, Oxford, UK
| | - Stefan Johansson
- Mohn Center for Diabetes Precision Medicine, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
- Department of Medical Genetics, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen, Norway
| | - Rachel M. Freathy
- Department of Clinical and Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Life Sciences, University of Exeter, Exeter, UK
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Pintye D, Sziva RE, Mastyugin M, Török M, Jacas S, Lo A, Salahuddin S, Zsengellér ZK. Nitroxide-HMP-Protects Human Trophoblast HTR-8/SVneo Cells from H 2O 2-Induced Oxidative Stress by Reducing the HIF1A Signaling Pathway. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:1578. [PMID: 37627573 PMCID: PMC10451835 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12081578] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2023] [Revised: 07/27/2023] [Accepted: 08/02/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy-specific syndrome affecting 5-7% of patients. There is no effective treatment available. Early abnormal placental development is associated with oxidative stress (OS) and a release of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the placenta. This phenomenon leads to downstream signaling, Hypoxia Inducible Factor 1A (HIF1A) stabilization and transcription of the anti-angiogenic factors soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1 (sFLT1) and soluble endoglin (sEng), which are known to cause endothelial and trophoblast dysfunction and cardinal features of PE: hypertension, proteinuria and, in severe cases, eclampsia. We tested whether 3-(Hydroxymethyl)-1-oxy-2,2,5,5-tetramethylpyrrolidine (HMP)-a nitroxide-type antioxidant molecule-can reduce placental OS and mitigate PE symptoms in vitro. We induced OS in human trophoblast (HTR-8/SVneo) cells with hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and assessed whether modulating cell redox function with HMP reduces cell injury, mitochondrial stress and HIF1A and sFLT1 production. Pre-treatment with HMP reduced mitochondrial-derived ROS production, restored LC3B expression and reduced HIF1A and sFLT1 expression in H2O2-exposed HTR-8/SVneo trophoblast cells. HMP improved the mitochondrial electron chain enzyme activity, indicating that a reduction in OS alleviates mitochondrial stress and also reduces anti-angiogenic responses. In reducing placental trophoblast OS, HMP presents a potential novel therapeutic approach for the treatment of PE. Future investigation is warranted regarding the in vivo use of HMP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diana Pintye
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Lahey Health, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (D.P.); (S.J.); (A.L.)
| | - Réka Eszter Sziva
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Lahey Health, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (D.P.); (S.J.); (A.L.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Semmelweis University, 1085 Budapest, Hungary
| | - Maxim Mastyugin
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Boston, MA 02125, USA; (M.M.); (M.T.)
| | - Marianna Török
- Department of Chemistry, University of Massachusetts, Boston, MA 02125, USA; (M.M.); (M.T.)
| | - Sonako Jacas
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Lahey Health, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (D.P.); (S.J.); (A.L.)
| | - Agnes Lo
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Lahey Health, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (D.P.); (S.J.); (A.L.)
| | - Saira Salahuddin
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Beth Israel Lahey Health, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA;
| | - Zsuzsanna K. Zsengellér
- Department of Medicine, Beth Israel Lahey Health, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (D.P.); (S.J.); (A.L.)
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10
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Lock MC, Botting KJ, Allison BJ, Niu Y, Ford SG, Murphy MP, Orgeig S, Giussani DA, Morrison JL. MitoQ as an antenatal antioxidant treatment improves markers of lung maturation in healthy and hypoxic pregnancy. J Physiol 2023; 601:3647-3665. [PMID: 37467062 PMCID: PMC10952154 DOI: 10.1113/jp284786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/04/2023] [Indexed: 07/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic fetal hypoxaemia is a common pregnancy complication that increases the risk of infants experiencing respiratory complications at birth. In turn, chronic fetal hypoxaemia promotes oxidative stress, and maternal antioxidant therapy in animal models of hypoxic pregnancy has proven to be protective with regards to fetal growth and cardiovascular development. However, whether antenatal antioxidant therapy confers any benefit on lung development in complicated pregnancies has not yet been investigated. Here, we tested the hypothesis that maternal antenatal treatment with MitoQ will protect the developing lung in hypoxic pregnancy in sheep, a species with similar fetal lung developmental milestones as humans. Maternal treatment with MitoQ during late gestation promoted fetal pulmonary surfactant maturation and an increase in the expression of lung mitochondrial complexes III and V independent of oxygenation. Maternal treatment with MitoQ in hypoxic pregnancy also increased the expression of genes regulating liquid reabsorption in the fetal lung. These data support the hypothesis tested and suggest that MitoQ as an antenatal targeted antioxidant treatment may improve lung maturation in the late gestation fetus. KEY POINTS: Chronic fetal hypoxaemia promotes oxidative stress, and maternal antioxidant therapy in hypoxic pregnancy has proven to be protective with regards to fetal growth and cardiovascular development. MitoQ is a targeted antioxidant that uses the cell and the mitochondrial membrane potential to accumulate within the mitochondria. Treatment of healthy or hypoxic pregnancy with MitoQ, increases the expression of key molecules involved in surfactant maturation, lung liquid reabsorption and in mitochondrial proteins driving ATP synthesis in the fetal sheep lung. There were no detrimental effects of MitoQ treatment alone on the molecular components measured in the present study, suggesting that maternal antioxidant treatment has no effect on other components of normal maturation of the surfactant system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell C. Lock
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health ScienceUniversity of South AustraliaAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Kimberley J. Botting
- Department of Physiology, Development & NeuroscienceUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Beth J. Allison
- Department of Physiology, Development & NeuroscienceUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Youguo Niu
- Department of Physiology, Development & NeuroscienceUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Sage G. Ford
- Department of Physiology, Development & NeuroscienceUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | | | - Sandra Orgeig
- UniSA: Clinical and Health ScienceUniversity of South AustraliaAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
| | - Dino A. Giussani
- Department of Physiology, Development & NeuroscienceUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Janna L. Morrison
- Early Origins of Adult Health Research Group, Health and Biomedical Innovation, UniSA: Clinical and Health ScienceUniversity of South AustraliaAdelaideSouth AustraliaAustralia
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11
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Ma HZ, Chen Y, Guo HH, Wang J, Xin XL, Li YC, Liu YF. Effect of resveratrol in gestational diabetes mellitus and its complications. World J Diabetes 2023; 14:808-819. [PMID: 37383595 PMCID: PMC10294056 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v14.i6.808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023] Open
Abstract
The incidence rate of diabetes in pregnancy is about 20%, and diabetes in pregnancy will have a long-term impact on the metabolic health of mothers and their offspring. Mothers may have elevated blood glucose, which may lead to blood pressure disease, kidney disease, decreased resistance and secondary infection during pregnancy. The offspring may suffer from abnormal embryonic development, intrauterine growth restriction, obesity, autism, and other adverse consequences. Resveratrol (RSV) is a natural polyphenol compound, which is found in more than 70 plant species and their products, such as Polygonum cuspidatum, seeds of grapes, peanuts, blueberries, bilberries, and cranberries. Previous studies have shown that RSV has a potential beneficial effect on complex pregnancy, including improving the indicators of diabetes and pregnancy diabetes syndrome. This article has reviewed the molecular targets and signaling pathways of RSV, including AMP-activated protein kinase, mitogen-activated protein kinases, silent information regulator sirtuin 1, miR-23a-3p, reactive oxygen species, potassium channels and CX3C chemokine ligand 1, and the effect of RSV on gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) and its complications. RSV improves the indicators of GDM by improving glucose metabolism and insulin tolerance, regulating blood lipids and plasma adipokines, and modulating embryonic oxidative stress and apoptosis. Furthermore, RSV can ameliorate the GDM complications by reducing oxidative stress, reducing the effects on placentation, reducing the adverse effects on embryonic development, reducing offspring's healthy risk, and so on. Thus, this review is of great significance for providing more options and possibilities for further research on medication of gestational diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Zhong Ma
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Yuan Chen
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Hao-Hao Guo
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Jing Wang
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, Liaoning Province, China
| | - Xiu-Lan Xin
- College of Bioengineering, Beijing Polytechnic, Beijing 100176, China
| | - Yan-Cheng Li
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32608, United States
| | - Yu-Feng Liu
- School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Natural Products Pharmaceutical Engineering Technology Research Center of Liaoning Province, Liaoning University, Shenyang 110036, Liaoning Province, China
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12
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Hu XQ, Song R, Dasgupta C, Blood AB, Zhang L. TET2 confers a mechanistic link of microRNA-210 and mtROS in hypoxia-suppressed spontaneous transient outward currents in uterine arteries of pregnant sheep. J Physiol 2023; 601:1501-1514. [PMID: 36856073 PMCID: PMC10106393 DOI: 10.1113/jp284336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia during pregnancy impairs uterine vascular adaptation via microRNA-210 (miR-210)-mediated mitochondrial dysfunction and mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) generation. TET methylcytosine dioxygenase 2 (TET2) participates in regulating inflammation and oxidative stress and its deficiency contributes to the pathogenesis of multiple cardiovascular diseases. Thus, we hypothesize a role of TET2 in hypoxia/miR-210-mediated mtROS suppressing spontaneous transient outward currents (STOCs) in uterine arteries. We found that gestational hypoxia downregulated TET2 in uterine arteries of pregnant sheep and TET2 was a target of miR-210. Knockdown of TET2 with small interfering RNAs suppressed mitochondrial respiration, increased mtROS, inhibited STOCs and elevated myogenic tone. By contrast, overexpression of TET2 negated hypoxia- and miR-210-induced mtROS. The effects of TET2 knockdown in uterine arteries on mtROS, STOCs and myogenic contractions were blocked by the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant MitoQ. In addition, the recovery effects of inhibiting endogenous miR-210 with miR-210-LNA on hypoxia-induced suppression of STOCs and augmentation of myogenic tone were reversed by TET2 knockdown in uterine arteries. Together, our study reveals a novel mechanistic link between the miR-210-TET2-mtROS pathway and inhibition of STOCs and provides new insights into the understanding of uterine vascular maladaptation in pregnancy complications associated with gestational hypoxia. KEY POINTS: Gestational hypoxia downregulates TET methylcytosine dioxygenase 2 (TET2) in uterine arteries of pregnant sheep. TET2 is a downstream target of microRNA-210 (miR-210) and miR-210 mediates hypoxia-induced TET2 downregulation. Knockdown of TET2 in uterine arteries recapitulates the effect of hypoxia and miR-210 and impairs mitochondrial bioenergetics and increases mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) . Overexpression of TET2 negates the effect of hypoxia and miR-210 on increasing mtROS. TET2 knockdown reiterates the effect of hypoxia and miR-210 and suppresses spontaneous transient outward currents (STOCs) and elevates myogenic tone, and these effects are blocked by MitoQ. Knockdown of TET2 reverses the miR-210-LNA-induced reversal of the effects of hypoxia on STOCs and myogenic tone in uterine arteries.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Qun Hu
- Lawrence D. Longo MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Rui Song
- Lawrence D. Longo MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Chiranjib Dasgupta
- Lawrence D. Longo MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Arlin B Blood
- Lawrence D. Longo MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
| | - Lubo Zhang
- Lawrence D. Longo MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, USA
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13
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Sferruzzi‐Perri AN, Lopez‐Tello J, Salazar‐Petres E. Placental adaptations supporting fetal growth during normal and adverse gestational environments. Exp Physiol 2023; 108:371-397. [PMID: 36484327 PMCID: PMC10103877 DOI: 10.1113/ep090442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the topic of this review? How the placenta, which transports nutrients and oxygen to the fetus, may alter its support of fetal growth developmentally and with adverse gestational conditions. What advances does it highlight? Placental formation and function alter with the needs of the fetus for substrates for growth during normal gestation and when there is enhanced competition for substrates in species with multiple gestations or adverse gestational environments, and this is mediated by imprinted genes, signalling pathways, mitochondria and fetal sexomes. ABSTRACT The placenta is vital for mammalian development and a key determinant of life-long health. It is the interface between the mother and fetus and is responsible for transporting the nutrients and oxygen a fetus needs to develop and grow. Alterations in placental formation and function, therefore, have consequences for fetal growth and birthweight, which in turn determine perinatal survival and risk of non-communicable diseases for the offspring in later postnatal life. However, the placenta is not a static organ. As this review summarizes, research from multiple species has demonstrated that placental formation and function alter developmentally to the needs of the fetus for substrates for growth during normal gestation, as well as when there is greater competition for substrates in polytocous species and monotocous species with multiple gestations. The placenta also adapts in response to the gestational environment, integrating information about the ability of the mother to provide nutrients and oxygen with the needs of the fetus in that prevailing environment. In particular, placental structure (e.g. vascularity, surface area, blood flow, diffusion distance) and transport capacity (e.g. nutrient transporter levels and activity) respond to suboptimal gestational environments, namely malnutrition, obesity, hypoxia and maternal ageing. Mechanisms mediating developmentally and environmentally induced homeostatic responses of the placenta that help support normal fetal growth include imprinted genes, signalling pathways, subcellular constituents and fetal sexomes. Identification of these placental strategies may inform the development of therapies for complicated human pregnancies and advance understanding of the pathways underlying poor fetal outcomes and their consequences for health and disease risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Nancy Sferruzzi‐Perri
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and NeuroscienceUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Jorge Lopez‐Tello
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and NeuroscienceUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Esteban Salazar‐Petres
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and NeuroscienceUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
- Facultad de CienciasDepartamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Santo TomásValdiviaChile
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14
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Galli GLJ, Lock MC, Smith KLM, Giussani DA, Crossley DA. Effects of Developmental Hypoxia on the Vertebrate Cardiovascular System. Physiology (Bethesda) 2023; 38:0. [PMID: 36317939 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00022.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2022] [Revised: 10/24/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Developmental hypoxia has profound and persistent effects on the vertebrate cardiovascular system, but the nature, magnitude, and long-term outcome of the hypoxic consequences are species specific. Here we aim to identify common and novel cardiovascular responses among vertebrates that encounter developmental hypoxia, and we discuss the possible medical and ecological implications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gina L J Galli
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Mitchell C Lock
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Kerri L M Smith
- Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester, United Kingdom
| | - Dino A Giussani
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Dane A Crossley
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of North Texas, Denton, Texas
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15
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Smith KLM, Swiderska A, Lock MC, Graham L, Iswari W, Choudhary T, Thomas D, Kowash HM, Desforges M, Cottrell EC, Trafford AW, Giussani DA, Galli GLJ. Chronic developmental hypoxia alters mitochondrial oxidative capacity and reactive oxygen species production in the fetal rat heart in a sex-dependent manner. J Pineal Res 2022; 73:e12821. [PMID: 35941749 PMCID: PMC9540814 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12821] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Insufficient oxygen supply (hypoxia) during fetal development leads to cardiac remodeling and a predisposition to cardiovascular disease in later life. Previous work has shown hypoxia causes oxidative stress in the fetal heart and alters the activity and expression of mitochondrial proteins in a sex-dependent manner. However, the functional effects of these modifications on mitochondrial respiration remain unknown. Furthermore, while maternal antioxidant treatments are emerging as a promising new strategy to protect the hypoxic fetus, whether these treatments convey similar protection to cardiac mitochondria in the male or female fetus has not been investigated. Therefore, using an established rat model, we measured the sex-dependent effects of gestational hypoxia and maternal melatonin treatment on fetal cardiac mitochondrial respiration, reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, and lipid peroxidation. Pregnant Wistar rats were subjected to normoxia or hypoxia (13% oxygen) during gestational days (GDs) 6-20 (term ~22 days) with or without melatonin treatment (5 µg/ml in maternal drinking water). On GD 20, mitochondrial aerobic respiration and H2 O2 production were measured in fetal heart tissue, together with lipid peroxidation and citrate synthase (CS) activity. Gestational hypoxia reduced maternal body weight gain (p < .01) and increased placental weight (p < .05) but had no effect on fetal weight or litter size. Cardiac mitochondria from male but not female fetuses of hypoxic pregnancy had reduced respiratory capacity at Complex II (CII) (p < .05), and an increase in H2 O2 production/O2 consumption (p < .05) without any changes in lipid peroxidation. CS activity was also unchanged in both sexes. Despite maternal melatonin treatment increasing maternal and fetal plasma melatonin concentration (p < .001), melatonin treatment had no effect on any of the mitochondrial parameters investigated. To conclude, we show that gestational hypoxia leads to ROS generation from the mitochondrial electron transport chain and affects fetal cardiac mitochondrial respiration in a sex-dependent manner. We also show that maternal melatonin treatment had no effect on these relationships, which has implications for the development of future therapies for hypoxic pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kerri L. M. Smith
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Agnieszka Swiderska
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Mitchell C. Lock
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Lucia Graham
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Wulan Iswari
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Tashi Choudhary
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Donna Thomas
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Hager M. Kowash
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Michelle Desforges
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Elizabeth C. Cottrell
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Andrew W. Trafford
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
| | - Dino A. Giussani
- Department of Physiology Development and NeuroscienceUniversity of CambridgeCambridgeUK
| | - Gina L. J. Galli
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and HealthUniversity of ManchesterManchesterUK
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16
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Dos Anjos Cordeiro JM, Santos LC, de Oliveira LS, Santos BR, Santos EO, Barbosa EM, de Macêdo IO, de Freitas GJC, Santos DDA, de Lavor MSL, Silva JF. Maternal hypothyroidism causes oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress in the maternal-fetal interface of rats. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 191:24-39. [PMID: 36038036 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2022.08.033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2022] [Revised: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 08/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Maternal hypothyroidism is associated with pre-eclampsia and intrauterine growth restriction, gestational diseases involving oxidative stress (OS) and endoplasmic reticulum stress (ERS) in the placenta. However, it is not known whether hypothyroidism also causes OS and ERS at the maternal-fetal interface. The aim was to evaluate the fetal-placental development and the expression of mediators of OS and of the unfolded protein response (UPR) in the maternal-fetal interface of hypothyroid rats. Hypothyroidism was induced in Wistar rats with propylthiouracil and the fetal-placental development and placental and decidual expression of antioxidant, hypoxia, and UPR mediators were analyzed at 14 and 18 days of gestation (DG), as well the expression of 8-OHdG and MDA, and reactive oxygen species (ROS) and peroxynitrite levels. Hypothyroidism reduced fetal weight at 14 and 18 DG, in addition to increasing the percentage of fetal death and reducing the weight of the uteroplacental unit at 18 DG. At 14 DG, there was greater decidual and/or placental immunostaining of Hif1α, 8-OHdG, MDA, SOD1, GPx1/2, Grp78 and CHOP in hypothyroid rats, while there was a reduction in placental and/or decidual gene expression of Sod1, Gpx1, Atf6, Perk, Ho1, Xbp1, Grp78 and Chop in the same gestational period. At 18 DG, hypothyroidism increased the placental ROS levels and the decidual and/or placental immunostaining of HIF1α, 8-OHdG, MDA, ATF4, GRP78 and CHOP, while it reduced the immunostaining and enzymatic activity of SOD1, CAT, GST. Hypothyroidism increased the placental mRNA expression of Hifα, Nrf2, Sod2, Gpx1, Cat, Perk, Atf6 and Chop at 18 DG, while decreasing the decidual expression of Sod2, Cat and Atf6. These findings demonstrated that fetal-placental restriction in female rats with hypothyroidism is associated with hypoxia and dysregulation in placental and decidual expression of UPR mediators and antioxidant enzymes, and activation of oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum stress at the maternal-fetal interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeane Martinha Dos Anjos Cordeiro
- Centro de Microscopia Eletronica, Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus SoaneNazare de Andrade, 45662-900, Ilheus, Brazil
| | - Luciano Cardoso Santos
- Centro de Microscopia Eletronica, Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus SoaneNazare de Andrade, 45662-900, Ilheus, Brazil
| | - Luciana Santos de Oliveira
- Centro de Microscopia Eletronica, Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus SoaneNazare de Andrade, 45662-900, Ilheus, Brazil
| | - Bianca Reis Santos
- Centro de Microscopia Eletronica, Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus SoaneNazare de Andrade, 45662-900, Ilheus, Brazil
| | - Emilly Oliveira Santos
- Centro de Microscopia Eletronica, Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus SoaneNazare de Andrade, 45662-900, Ilheus, Brazil
| | - Erikles Macêdo Barbosa
- Centro de Microscopia Eletronica, Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus SoaneNazare de Andrade, 45662-900, Ilheus, Brazil
| | - Isabela Oliveira de Macêdo
- Centro de Microscopia Eletronica, Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus SoaneNazare de Andrade, 45662-900, Ilheus, Brazil
| | - Gustavo José Cota de Freitas
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Daniel de Assis Santos
- Departamento de Microbiologia, Instituto de Ciências Biológicas, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo Horizonte, Brazil
| | - Mário Sérgio Lima de Lavor
- Hospital Veterinario, Departamento de Ciencias Agrarias e Ambientais, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus Soane Nazare de Andrade, 45662-900, Ilheus, Brazil
| | - Juneo Freitas Silva
- Centro de Microscopia Eletronica, Departamento de Ciencias Biologicas, Universidade Estadual de Santa Cruz, Campus SoaneNazare de Andrade, 45662-900, Ilheus, Brazil.
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17
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Wilson EN, Mabry S, Bradshaw JL, Gardner JJ, Rybalchenko N, Engelland R, Fadeyibi O, Osikoya O, Cushen SC, Goulopoulou S, Cunningham RL. Gestational hypoxia in late pregnancy differentially programs subcortical brain maturation in male and female rat offspring. Biol Sex Differ 2022; 13:54. [PMID: 36175941 PMCID: PMC9524087 DOI: 10.1186/s13293-022-00463-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 09/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hypoxia is associated with pregnancy complications, such as preeclampsia, placental abruption, and gestational sleep apnea. Hypoxic insults during gestation can impact the brain maturation of cortical and subcortical pathways, such as the nigrostriatal pathway. However, the long-term effects of in utero hypoxic stress exposure on brain maturation in offspring are unclear, especially exposure during late gestation. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of gestational hypoxia in late pregnancy on developmental programming of subcortical brain maturation by focusing on the nigrostriatal pathway. Methods Timed pregnant Long–Evans rats were exposed to chronic intermittent hypoxia or room air normoxia from gestational day (GD) 15–19 (term 22–23 days). Male and female offspring were assessed during two critical periods: puberty from postnatal day (PND) 40–45 or young adulthood (PND 60–65). Brain maturation was quantified by examining (1) the structural development of the nigrostriatal pathway via analysis of locomotor behaviors and the substantia nigra dopaminergic neuronal cell bodies and (2) the refinement of the nigrostriatal pathway by quantifying ultrasonic vocalizations (USVs). Results The major findings of this study are gestational hypoxia has age- and sex-dependent effects on subcortical brain maturation in offspring by adversely impacting the refinement of the nigrostriatal pathway in the absence of any effects on the structural development of the pathway. During puberty, female offspring were impacted more than male offspring, as evidenced by decreased USV call frequency, chirp USV call duration, and simple call frequency. In contrast, male offspring were impacted more than female offspring during young adulthood, as evidenced by increased latency to first USV, decreased simple USV call intensity, and increased harmonic USV call bandwidth. No effects of gestational hypoxia on the structural development of the nigrostriatal pathway were observed. Conclusions These novel findings demonstrate hypoxic insults during pregnancy mediate developmental programming of the cortical and subcortical pathways, in which male offspring exhibit long-term adverse effects compared to female offspring. Impairment of cortical and subcortical pathways maturation, such as the nigrostriatal pathway, may increase risk for neuropsychiatric disorders (e.g., mood disorders, cognitive dysfunction, brain connectivity dysfunction). Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s13293-022-00463-x. Brain maturation of the nigrostriatal pathway is sex- and age- dependent. Exposure to hypoxia in late pregnancy impacts brain maturation of the nigrostriatal pathway that can be observed during puberty and young adulthood. Gestational hypoxia impacted female offspring during puberty more than males, whereas it impacted male offspring during young adulthood more than females. These novel findings demonstrate that hypoxic insults during pregnancy mediate developmental programming of the cortical and subcortical pathways, in which male offspring exhibit long-term adverse effects compared to female offspring. Long-term adverse effects of gestational hypoxia in offspring can occur in the absence of pregnancy complications, especially if they occur within critical embryological developmental periods.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Nicole Wilson
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT System College of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Boulevard, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA
| | - Steve Mabry
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT System College of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Boulevard, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA
| | - Jessica L Bradshaw
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT System College of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Boulevard, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA
| | - Jennifer J Gardner
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT System College of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Boulevard, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA
| | - Nataliya Rybalchenko
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT System College of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Boulevard, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA
| | - Rachel Engelland
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT System College of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Boulevard, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA
| | - Oluwadarasimi Fadeyibi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT System College of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Boulevard, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA
| | - Oluwatobiloba Osikoya
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA
| | - Spencer C Cushen
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA.,Texas College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA
| | - Styliani Goulopoulou
- Department of Physiology and Anatomy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA.,Department of Basic Sciences, Lawrence D. Longo, MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, CA, 92350, USA
| | - Rebecca L Cunningham
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, UNT System College of Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, University of North Texas Health Science Center, 3500 Camp Bowie Boulevard, Fort Worth, TX, 76107, USA.
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18
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Pereira-Carvalho D, Salazar-Petres E, Lopez-Tello J, Sferruzzi-Perri AN. Maternal and Fetal PI3K-p110α Deficiency Induces Sex-Specific Changes in Conceptus Growth and Placental Mitochondrial Bioenergetic Reserve in Mice. Vet Sci 2022; 9:vetsci9090501. [PMID: 36136716 PMCID: PMC9506205 DOI: 10.3390/vetsci9090501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Fetal growth is reliant on placental formation and function, which, in turn, requires the energy produced by the mitochondria. Prior work has shown that both mother and fetus operate via the phosphoinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)-p110α signalling pathway to modify placental development, function, and fetal growth outcomes. This study in mice used genetic inactivation of PI3K-p110α (α/+) in mothers and fetuses and high resolution respirometry to investigate the influence of maternal and fetal PI3K-p110α deficiency on fetal and placental growth, in relation to placental mitochondrial bioenergetics, for each fetal sex. The effect of PI3K-p110α deficiency on maternal body composition was also determined to understand more about the maternal-driven changes in feto-placental development. These data show that male fetuses were more sensitive than females to fetal PI3K-p110α deficiency, as they had greater reductions in fetal and placental weight, when compared to their WT littermates. Placental weight was also altered in males only of α/+ dams. In addition, α/+ male, but not female, fetuses showed an increase in mitochondrial reserve capacity, when compared to their WT littermates in α/+ dams. Finally, α/+ dams exhibited reduced adipose depot masses, compared to wild-type dams. These findings, thus, demonstrate that maternal nutrient reserves and ability to apportion nutrients to the fetus are reduced in α/+ dams. Moreover, maternal and fetal PI3K-p110α deficiency impacts conceptus growth and placental mitochondrial bioenergetic function, in a manner dependent on fetal sex.
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19
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Oxidative and Inflammatory Imbalance in Placenta and Kidney of sFlt1-Induced Early-Onset Preeclampsia Rat Model. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11081608. [PMID: 36009326 PMCID: PMC9405374 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11081608] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/15/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is a pregnancy-specific disorder characterized by the new onset of hypertension plus proteinuria and/or end-organ dysfunction. Here, we investigate the role of the nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase system as a major component of reactive oxygen species generation, in a rodent model of early-onset preeclampsia induced by excess sFlt1 (soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1). Placenta and kidney samples were obtained from normal pregnant and PE rats to measure the sFlt1/PlGF (placental growth factor) ratio in addition to oxidative stress-related parameters, including the activities and expressions of NADPH oxidase isoforms (NOX1, NOX2, and NOX4), components of nitric oxide (NO) metabolism, and antioxidant enzymes. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARα, PPARγ) and cytokines IL1β, IL3, IL6, IL10, and IL18 were also measured to evaluate the inflammation status in our experimental setting. Excessive O2●− production was found in rats that were treated with sFlt1; interestingly, this alteration appears to be mediated mainly by NOX2 in the placenta and by NOX4 in the kidney. Altered NO metabolism and antioxidant defense systems, together with mitochondrial dysfunction, were observed in this model of PE. Preeclamptic animals also exhibited overexpression of proinflammatory biomarkers as well as increased collagen deposition. Our results highlight the role of NADPH oxidase in mediating oxidative stress and possibly inflammatory processes in the placenta and kidney of an sFlt1-based model of early-onset preeclampsia.
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20
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Hu XQ, Song R, Dasgupta C, Romero M, Juarez R, Hanson J, Blood AB, Wilson SM, Zhang L. MicroRNA-210-mediated mitochondrial reactive oxygen species confer hypoxia-induced suppression of spontaneous transient outward currents in ovine uterine arteries. Br J Pharmacol 2022; 179:4640-4654. [PMID: 35776536 PMCID: PMC9474621 DOI: 10.1111/bph.15914] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2022] [Revised: 05/26/2022] [Accepted: 06/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Purpose Hypoxia during pregnancy is associated with increased uterine vascular resistance and elevated blood pressure both in women and female sheep. A previous study demonstrated a causal role of microRNA‐210 (miR‐210) in gestational hypoxia‐induced suppression of Ca2+ sparks/spontaneous transient outward currents (STOCs) in ovine uterine arteries, but the underlying mechanisms remain undetermined. We tested the hypothesis that miR‐210 perturbs mitochondrial metabolism and increases mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (mtROS) that confer hypoxia‐induced suppression of STOCs in uterine arteries. Experimental Approach Resistance‐sized uterine arteries were isolated from near‐term pregnant sheep and were treated ex vivo in normoxia and hypoxia (10.5% O2) for 48 h. Key Results Hypoxia increased mtROS and suppressed mitochondrial respiration in uterine arteries, which were also produced by miR‐210 mimic to normoxic arteries and blocked by antagomir miR‐210‐LNA in hypoxic arteries. Hypoxia or miR‐210 mimic inhibited Ca2+ sparks/STOCs and increased uterine arterial myogenic tone, which were inhibited by the mitochondria‐targeted antioxidant MitoQ. Hypoxia and miR‐210 down‐regulated iron–sulfur cluster scaffold protein (ISCU) in uterine arteries and knockdown of ISCU via siRNAs suppressed mitochondrial respiration, increased mtROS, and inhibited STOCs. In addition, blockade of mitochondrial electron transport chain with antimycin and rotenone inhibited large‐conductance Ca2+‐activated K+ channels, decreased STOCs and increased uterine arterial myogenic tone. Conclusion and Implications This study demonstrates a novel mechanistic role for the miR‐210‐ISCU‐mtROS axis in inhibiting Ca2+ sparks/STOCs in the maladaptation of uterine arteries and provides new insights into the understanding of mitochondrial perturbations in the pathogenesis of pregnancy complications resulted from hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiang-Qun Hu
- Lawrence D. Longo MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Rui Song
- Lawrence D. Longo MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Chiranjib Dasgupta
- Lawrence D. Longo MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Monica Romero
- Lawrence D. Longo MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Rucha Juarez
- Lawrence D. Longo MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Jenna Hanson
- Lawrence D. Longo MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Arlin B Blood
- Lawrence D. Longo MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Sean M Wilson
- Lawrence D. Longo MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, USA
| | - Lubo Zhang
- Lawrence D. Longo MD Center for Perinatal Biology, Department of Basic Sciences, Loma Linda University School of Medicine, Loma Linda, California, USA
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21
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Bînă AM, Aburel OM, Avram VF, Lelcu T, Lința AV, Chiriac DV, Mocanu AG, Bernad E, Borza C, Craina ML, Popa ZL, Muntean DM, Crețu OM. Impairment of mitochondrial respiration in platelets and placentas: a pilot study in preeclamptic pregnancies. Mol Cell Biochem 2022; 477:1987-2000. [PMID: 35389182 PMCID: PMC9206634 DOI: 10.1007/s11010-022-04415-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Preeclampsia (PE) is a major complication of pregnancy with partially elucidated pathophysiology. Placental mitochondrial dysfunction has been increasingly studied as major pathomechanism in both early- and late-onset PE. Impairment of mitochondrial respiration in platelets has recently emerged as a peripheral biomarker that may mirror organ mitochondrial dysfunction in several acute and chronic pathologies. The present study was purported to assess mitochondrial respiratory dys/function in both platelets and placental mitochondria in PE pregnancies. To this aim, a high-resolution respirometry SUIT (Substrate-Uncoupler-Inhibitor-Titration) protocol was adapted to assess complex I (glutamate + malate)- and complex II (succinate)-supported respiration. A decrease in all respiratory parameters (basal, coupled, and maximal uncoupled respiration) in peripheral platelets was found in preeclamptic as compared to healthy pregnancies. At variance, placental mitochondria showed a dichotomous behavior in preeclampsia in relation to the fetal birth weight. PE pregnancies with fetal growth restriction were associated with decreased in coupled respiration (oxidative phosphorylation/OXPHOS capacity) and maximal uncoupled respiration (electron transfer/ET capacity). At variance, these respiratory parameters were increased for both complex I- and II-supported respiration in PE pregnancies with normal weight fetuses. Large randomized controlled clinical studies are needed in order to advance our understanding of mitochondrial adaptive vs. pathological changes in preeclampsia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anca M Bînă
- Department III Functional Sciences - Pathophysiology, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timişoara, Romania, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, Timişoara, Romania
- Center for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timişoara, Romania, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, Timişoara, Romania
| | - Oana M Aburel
- Department III Functional Sciences - Pathophysiology, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timişoara, Romania, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, Timişoara, Romania
- Center for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timişoara, Romania, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, Timişoara, Romania
| | - Vlad F Avram
- Center for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timişoara, Romania, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, Timişoara, Romania
- Department VII Internal Medicine II - Diabetes, Nutrition and Metabolic Diseases, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timişoara, Romania, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, Timişoara, Romania
| | - Theia Lelcu
- Department III Functional Sciences - Pathophysiology, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timişoara, Romania, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, Timişoara, Romania
- Center for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timişoara, Romania, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, Timişoara, Romania
| | - Adina V Lința
- Department III Functional Sciences - Pathophysiology, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timişoara, Romania, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, Timişoara, Romania
- Center for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timişoara, Romania, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, Timişoara, Romania
| | - Daniela V Chiriac
- Department XII Obstetrics and Gynecology - Obstetrics and Gynecology I, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timişoara, Romania, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, Timişoara, Romania
| | - Adelina G Mocanu
- Department XII Obstetrics and Gynecology - Obstetrics and Gynecology III, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timişoara, Romania, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, Timişoara, Romania
| | - Elena Bernad
- Department XII Obstetrics and Gynecology - Obstetrics and Gynecology III, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timişoara, Romania, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, Timişoara, Romania
| | - Claudia Borza
- Department III Functional Sciences - Pathophysiology, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timişoara, Romania, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, Timişoara, Romania
- Center for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timişoara, Romania, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, Timişoara, Romania
| | - Marius L Craina
- Department XII Obstetrics and Gynecology - Obstetrics and Gynecology III, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timişoara, Romania, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, Timişoara, Romania
| | - Zoran L Popa
- Department XII Obstetrics and Gynecology - Obstetrics and Gynecology III, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timişoara, Romania, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, Timişoara, Romania.
| | - Danina M Muntean
- Department III Functional Sciences - Pathophysiology, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timişoara, Romania, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, Timişoara, Romania.
- Center for Translational Research and Systems Medicine, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timişoara, Romania, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, Timişoara, Romania.
| | - Octavian M Crețu
- Department IX Surgery I - Surgical Semiotics I, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timişoara, Romania, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, Timişoara, Romania
- Center for Hepato-Biliary and Pancreatic Surgery, "Victor Babeş" University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Timişoara, Romania, Eftimie Murgu Sq. No. 2, Timişoara, Romania
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22
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Tong W, Allison BJ, Brain KL, Patey OV, Niu Y, Botting KJ, Ford SG, Garrud TA, Wooding PF, Shaw CJ, Lyu Q, Zhang L, Ma J, Cindrova-Davies T, Yung HW, Burton GJ, Giussani DA. Chronic Hypoxia in Ovine Pregnancy Recapitulates Physiological and Molecular Markers of Preeclampsia in the Mother, Placenta, and Offspring. Hypertension 2022; 79:1525-1535. [PMID: 35534925 PMCID: PMC9172902 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.122.19175] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Preeclampsia continues to be a prevalent pregnancy complication and underlying mechanisms remain controversial. A common feature of preeclampsia is utero-placenta hypoxia. In contrast to the impact of hypoxia on the placenta and fetus, comparatively little is known about the maternal physiology. METHODS We adopted an integrative approach to investigate the inter-relationship between chronic hypoxia during pregnancy with maternal, placental, and fetal outcomes, common in preeclampsia. We exploited a novel technique using isobaric hypoxic chambers and in vivo continuous cardiovascular recording technology for measurement of blood pressure in sheep and studied the placental stress in response to hypoxia at cellular and subcellular levels. RESULTS Chronic hypoxia in ovine pregnancy promoted fetal growth restriction (FGR) with evidence of fetal brain-sparing, increased placental hypoxia-mediated oxidative damage, and activated placental stress response pathways. These changes were linked with dilation of the placental endoplasmic reticulum (ER) cisternae and increased placental expression of the antiangiogenic factors sFlt-1 (soluble fms-like tyrosine kinase 1) and sEng (soluble endoglin), combined with a shift towards an angiogenic imbalance in the maternal circulation. Chronic hypoxia further led to an increase in uteroplacental vascular resistance and the fall in maternal blood pressure with advancing gestation measured in normoxic pregnancy did not occur in hypoxic pregnancy. CONCLUSIONS Therefore, we show in an ovine model of sea-level adverse pregnancy that chronic hypoxia recapitulates physiological and molecular features of preeclampsia in the mother, placenta, and offspring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Tong
- Department of Physiology Development & Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (W.T., B.J.A., K.L.B., O.V.P., Y.N., K.J.B., S.G.F., T.A.G., P.F.B.W., T.C.-D., H.W.Y., G.J.B., D.A.G.)
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (W.T., Y.N., K.J.B., T.A.G., P.G.B.W., T.C.-D., H.W.Y., G.J.B., D.A.G.)
| | - Beth J. Allison
- Department of Physiology Development & Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (W.T., B.J.A., K.L.B., O.V.P., Y.N., K.J.B., S.G.F., T.A.G., P.F.B.W., T.C.-D., H.W.Y., G.J.B., D.A.G.)
| | - Kirsty L. Brain
- Department of Physiology Development & Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (W.T., B.J.A., K.L.B., O.V.P., Y.N., K.J.B., S.G.F., T.A.G., P.F.B.W., T.C.-D., H.W.Y., G.J.B., D.A.G.)
| | - Olga V. Patey
- Department of Physiology Development & Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (W.T., B.J.A., K.L.B., O.V.P., Y.N., K.J.B., S.G.F., T.A.G., P.F.B.W., T.C.-D., H.W.Y., G.J.B., D.A.G.)
| | - Youguo Niu
- Department of Physiology Development & Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (W.T., B.J.A., K.L.B., O.V.P., Y.N., K.J.B., S.G.F., T.A.G., P.F.B.W., T.C.-D., H.W.Y., G.J.B., D.A.G.)
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (W.T., Y.N., K.J.B., T.A.G., P.G.B.W., T.C.-D., H.W.Y., G.J.B., D.A.G.)
- BHF Cardiovascular Centre for Research Excellence, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (Y.N., K.J.B., D.A.S.)
- Department of Aerospace Physiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China (Y.N., Q.L., L.Z., J.M., D.A.G.)
| | - Kimberley J. Botting
- Department of Physiology Development & Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (W.T., B.J.A., K.L.B., O.V.P., Y.N., K.J.B., S.G.F., T.A.G., P.F.B.W., T.C.-D., H.W.Y., G.J.B., D.A.G.)
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (W.T., Y.N., K.J.B., T.A.G., P.G.B.W., T.C.-D., H.W.Y., G.J.B., D.A.G.)
- BHF Cardiovascular Centre for Research Excellence, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (Y.N., K.J.B., D.A.S.)
| | - Sage G. Ford
- Department of Physiology Development & Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (W.T., B.J.A., K.L.B., O.V.P., Y.N., K.J.B., S.G.F., T.A.G., P.F.B.W., T.C.-D., H.W.Y., G.J.B., D.A.G.)
| | - Tessa A. Garrud
- Department of Physiology Development & Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (W.T., B.J.A., K.L.B., O.V.P., Y.N., K.J.B., S.G.F., T.A.G., P.F.B.W., T.C.-D., H.W.Y., G.J.B., D.A.G.)
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (W.T., Y.N., K.J.B., T.A.G., P.G.B.W., T.C.-D., H.W.Y., G.J.B., D.A.G.)
| | - Peter F.B. Wooding
- Department of Physiology Development & Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (W.T., B.J.A., K.L.B., O.V.P., Y.N., K.J.B., S.G.F., T.A.G., P.F.B.W., T.C.-D., H.W.Y., G.J.B., D.A.G.)
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (W.T., Y.N., K.J.B., T.A.G., P.G.B.W., T.C.-D., H.W.Y., G.J.B., D.A.G.)
| | - Caroline J. Shaw
- Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, United Kingdom (C.J.S.)
| | - Qiang Lyu
- Department of Aerospace Physiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China (Y.N., Q.L., L.Z., J.M., D.A.G.)
| | - Lin Zhang
- Department of Aerospace Physiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China (Y.N., Q.L., L.Z., J.M., D.A.G.)
| | - Jin Ma
- Department of Aerospace Physiology, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an, China (Y.N., Q.L., L.Z., J.M., D.A.G.)
| | - Tereza Cindrova-Davies
- Department of Physiology Development & Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (W.T., B.J.A., K.L.B., O.V.P., Y.N., K.J.B., S.G.F., T.A.G., P.F.B.W., T.C.-D., H.W.Y., G.J.B., D.A.G.)
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (W.T., Y.N., K.J.B., T.A.G., P.G.B.W., T.C.-D., H.W.Y., G.J.B., D.A.G.)
| | - Hong Wa Yung
- Department of Physiology Development & Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (W.T., B.J.A., K.L.B., O.V.P., Y.N., K.J.B., S.G.F., T.A.G., P.F.B.W., T.C.-D., H.W.Y., G.J.B., D.A.G.)
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (W.T., Y.N., K.J.B., T.A.G., P.G.B.W., T.C.-D., H.W.Y., G.J.B., D.A.G.)
| | - Graham J. Burton
- Department of Physiology Development & Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (W.T., B.J.A., K.L.B., O.V.P., Y.N., K.J.B., S.G.F., T.A.G., P.F.B.W., T.C.-D., H.W.Y., G.J.B., D.A.G.)
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (W.T., Y.N., K.J.B., T.A.G., P.G.B.W., T.C.-D., H.W.Y., G.J.B., D.A.G.)
| | - Dino A. Giussani
- Department of Physiology Development & Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (W.T., B.J.A., K.L.B., O.V.P., Y.N., K.J.B., S.G.F., T.A.G., P.F.B.W., T.C.-D., H.W.Y., G.J.B., D.A.G.)
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (W.T., Y.N., K.J.B., T.A.G., P.G.B.W., T.C.-D., H.W.Y., G.J.B., D.A.G.)
- BHF Cardiovascular Centre for Research Excellence, University of Cambridge, United Kingdom (Y.N., K.J.B., D.A.S.)
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23
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Kostyleva O, Stabayeva L, Tussupbekova M, Mukhammad I, Kotov Y, Kossitsyn D, Zhuravlev SN. Erythroblasts in the Vessels of the Placenta – An Independent Factor of Chronic Hypoxic Damage to the Fetus. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2022. [DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2022.8745] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim is a comparative histological study of the relative number of fetal erythroblasts in the vessels of the placentas from a full term pregnancy with a low and high risk of fetal hypoxic damage.
Material and methods. Based on data on the course of pregnancy, the state of health of the mother and the fetus/newborn, as well as histological examination of the placenta, 388 archived placenta tissue samples were selected in 2 groups: a high risk group for chronic hypoxic damage to the fetus and a group without clinical and laboratory signs of fetal/newborn hypoxia. The relationship between the number of erythroblasts in the vessels of the placenta and chronic hypoxic damage to the fetus was analyzed.
Results: The high risk of chronic hypoxic fetal damage is higher for placentas with ≥8 fetal erythroblasts in chorionic villi vessels (OR=3.175; 95% CI =1.921-5.248, p<0.001), with maternal vascular malperfusion (OR=2.798; 95% CI = 1.506-5.164, p=0.001) and combined (cross) placental lesions (OR=2.245; 95%CI=1.246-4.046, p =0.007) with damage of ≥30% of placental tissue.
Conclusion: 8 or more fetal erythroblasts in the lumen of the vessels of the placenta is an additional independent factor in chronic hypoxic damage to the fetus. These results are of practical importance for identifying a group of newborns with a high risk of chronic hypoxic damage in the perinatal period and stratification of the risk group in the postnatal period in order to reduce infant morbidity and mortality.
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24
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Manna S, Ruano CSM, Hegenbarth JC, Vaiman D, Gupta S, McCarthy FP, Méhats C, McCarthy C, Apicella C, Scheel J. Computational Models on Pathological Redox Signalling Driven by Pregnancy: A Review. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11030585. [PMID: 35326235 PMCID: PMC8945226 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11030585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Revised: 03/15/2022] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is associated with a myriad of diseases including pregnancy pathologies with long-term cardiovascular repercussions for both the mother and baby. Aberrant redox signalling coupled with deficient antioxidant defence leads to chronic molecular impairment. Abnormal placentation has been considered the primary source for reactive species; however, placental dysfunction has been deemed secondary to maternal cardiovascular maladaptation in pregnancy. While various therapeutic interventions, aimed at combating deregulated oxidative stress during pregnancy have shown promise in experimental models, they often result as inconclusive or detrimental in clinical trials, warranting the need for further research to identify candidates. The strengths and limitations of current experimental methods in redox research are discussed. Assessment of redox status and oxidative stress in experimental models and in clinical practice remains challenging; the state-of-the-art of computational models in this field is presented in this review, comparing static and dynamic models which provide functional information such as protein-protein interactions, as well as the impact of changes in molecular species on the redox-status of the system, respectively. Enhanced knowledge of redox biology in during pregnancy through computational modelling such as generation of Systems Biology Markup Language model which integrates existing models to a larger network in the context of placenta physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samprikta Manna
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Cork University Maternity Hospital, University College Cork, T12 YE02 Cork, Ireland;
- Correspondence:
| | - Camino S. M. Ruano
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, UMR8104 CNRS, Université de Paris, 75014 Paris, France; (C.S.M.R.); (D.V.); (C.M.); (C.A.)
| | - Jana-Charlotte Hegenbarth
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Faculty of Science and Engineering, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6211 KH Maastricht, The Netherlands;
- Department of Cardiology, CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases, Faculty of Health, Medicine and Life Sciences, Maastricht University, 6229 ER Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Daniel Vaiman
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, UMR8104 CNRS, Université de Paris, 75014 Paris, France; (C.S.M.R.); (D.V.); (C.M.); (C.A.)
| | - Shailendra Gupta
- Department of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, Rostock University, 18051 Rostock, Germany; (S.G.); (J.S.)
| | - Fergus P. McCarthy
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Cork University Maternity Hospital, University College Cork, T12 YE02 Cork, Ireland;
| | - Céline Méhats
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, UMR8104 CNRS, Université de Paris, 75014 Paris, France; (C.S.M.R.); (D.V.); (C.M.); (C.A.)
| | - Cathal McCarthy
- Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Western Gateway Building, University College Cork, T12 K8AF Cork, Ireland;
| | - Clara Apicella
- Institut Cochin, Inserm U1016, UMR8104 CNRS, Université de Paris, 75014 Paris, France; (C.S.M.R.); (D.V.); (C.M.); (C.A.)
| | - Julia Scheel
- Department of Systems Biology and Bioinformatics, Rostock University, 18051 Rostock, Germany; (S.G.); (J.S.)
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25
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Rolfo A, Cosma S, Nuzzo AM, Salio C, Moretti L, Sassoè-Pognetto M, Carosso AR, Borella F, Cutrin JC, Benedetto C. Increased Placental Anti-Oxidant Response in Asymptomatic and Symptomatic COVID-19 Third-Trimester Pregnancies. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10030634. [PMID: 35327436 PMCID: PMC8945802 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10030634] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2022] [Revised: 03/04/2022] [Accepted: 03/07/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) -induced Oxidative Stress (OxS) being well documented in different organs, the molecular pathways underlying placental OxS in late-pregnancy women with SARS-CoV-2 infection are poorly understood. Herein, we performed an observational study to determine whether placentae of women testing positive for SARS-CoV-2 during the third trimester of pregnancy showed redox-related alterations involving Catalase (CAT) and Superoxide Dismutase (SOD) antioxidant enzymes as well as placenta morphological anomalies relative to a cohort of healthy pregnant women. Next, we evaluated if placental redox-related alterations and mitochondria pathological changes were correlated with the presence of maternal symptoms. We observed ultrastructural alterations of placental mitochondria accompanied by increased levels of oxidative stress markers Thiobarbituric Acid Reactive Substances (TBARS) and Hypoxia Inducible Factor-1 α (HIF-1α) in SARS-CoV-2 women during the third trimester of pregnancy. Importantly, we found an increase in placental CAT and SOD antioxidant enzymes accompanied by physiological neonatal outcomes. Our findings strongly suggest a placenta-mediated OxS inhibition in response to SARS-CoV-2 infection, thus contrasting the cytotoxic profile caused by Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19).
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Affiliation(s)
- Alessandro Rolfo
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (A.R.); (A.M.N.); (L.M.)
| | - Stefano Cosma
- Gynecology and Obstetrics 1, Department of Surgical Sciences, City of Health and Science, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (S.C.); (A.R.C.); (F.B.)
| | - Anna Maria Nuzzo
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (A.R.); (A.M.N.); (L.M.)
| | - Chiara Salio
- Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Turin, 10095 Grugliasco, Italy;
| | - Laura Moretti
- Department of Surgical Sciences, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (A.R.); (A.M.N.); (L.M.)
| | - Marco Sassoè-Pognetto
- Department of Neuroscience “Rita Levi Montalcini”, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy;
| | - Andrea Roberto Carosso
- Gynecology and Obstetrics 1, Department of Surgical Sciences, City of Health and Science, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (S.C.); (A.R.C.); (F.B.)
| | - Fulvio Borella
- Gynecology and Obstetrics 1, Department of Surgical Sciences, City of Health and Science, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (S.C.); (A.R.C.); (F.B.)
| | - Juan Carlos Cutrin
- Center of Imaging Molecular, Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Sciences for the Health, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy
- Correspondence: (J.C.C.); (C.B.)
| | - Chiara Benedetto
- Gynecology and Obstetrics 1, Department of Surgical Sciences, City of Health and Science, University of Turin, 10126 Turin, Italy; (S.C.); (A.R.C.); (F.B.)
- Correspondence: (J.C.C.); (C.B.)
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26
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Shukla V, Soares MJ. Modeling Trophoblast Cell-Guided Uterine Spiral Artery Transformation in the Rat. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23062947. [PMID: 35328368 PMCID: PMC8950824 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23062947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2022] [Revised: 03/03/2022] [Accepted: 03/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
The rat possesses hemochorial placentation with deep intrauterine trophoblast cell invasion and trophoblast-guided uterine spiral artery remodeling, which resembles human placentation. Uterine spiral arteries are extensively remodeled to deliver sufficient supply of maternal blood and nutrients to the developing fetus. Inadequacies in these key processes negatively impact fetal growth and development. Recent innovations in genome editing combined with effective phenotyping strategies have provided new insights into placental development. Application of these research approaches has highlighted both conserved and species-specific features of hemochorial placentation. The review provides foundational information on rat hemochorial placental development and function during physiological and pathological states, especially as related to the invasive trophoblast cell-guided transformation of uterine spiral arteries. Our goal is to showcase the utility of the rat as a model for in vivo mechanistic investigations targeting regulatory events within the uterine-placental interface.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinay Shukla
- Institute for Reproduction and Perinatal Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
- Correspondence: (V.S.); (M.J.S.)
| | - Michael J. Soares
- Institute for Reproduction and Perinatal Research, Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, University of Kansas Medical Center, Kansas City, KS 66160, USA
- Center for Perinatal Research, Children’s Mercy Research Institute, Children’s Mercy, Kansas City, MO 64108, USA
- Correspondence: (V.S.); (M.J.S.)
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27
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Prenatal Hypoxia Affects Foetal Cardiovascular Regulatory Mechanisms in a Sex- and Circadian-Dependent Manner: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052885. [PMID: 35270026 PMCID: PMC8910900 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052885] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2022] [Revised: 02/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Prenatal hypoxia during the prenatal period can interfere with the developmental trajectory and lead to developing hypertension in adulthood. Prenatal hypoxia is often associated with intrauterine growth restriction that interferes with metabolism and can lead to multilevel changes. Therefore, we analysed the effects of prenatal hypoxia predominantly not associated with intrauterine growth restriction using publications up to September 2021. We focused on: (1) The response of cardiovascular regulatory mechanisms, such as the chemoreflex, adenosine, nitric oxide, and angiotensin II on prenatal hypoxia. (2) The role of the placenta in causing and attenuating the effects of hypoxia. (3) Environmental conditions and the mother's health contribution to the development of prenatal hypoxia. (4) The sex-dependent effects of prenatal hypoxia on cardiovascular regulatory mechanisms and the connection between hypoxia-inducible factors and circadian variability. We identified that the possible relationship between the effects of prenatal hypoxia on the cardiovascular regulatory mechanism may vary depending on circadian variability and phase of the days. In summary, even short-term prenatal hypoxia significantly affects cardiovascular regulatory mechanisms and programs hypertension in adulthood, while prenatal programming effects are not only dependent on the critical period, and sensitivity can change within circadian oscillations.
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28
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Is Mitochondrial Oxidative Stress a Viable Therapeutic Target in Preeclampsia? Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020210. [PMID: 35204094 PMCID: PMC8868187 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020210] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2021] [Revised: 01/15/2022] [Accepted: 01/18/2022] [Indexed: 01/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite considerable research efforts over the past few decades, the pathology of preeclampsia (PE) remains poorly understood with no new FDA-approved treatments. There is a substantial amount of work being conducted by investigators around the world to identify targets to develop therapies for PE. Oxidative stress has been identified as one of the crucial players in pathogenesis of PE and has garnered a great deal of attention by several research groups including ours. While antioxidants have shown therapeutic benefit in preclinical models of PE, the clinical trials evaluating antioxidants (vitamin E and vitamin C) were found to be disappointing. Although the idea behind contribution of mitochondrial oxidative stress in PE is not new, recent years have seen an enormous interest in exploring mitochondrial oxidative stress as an important pathological mediator in PE. We and others using animals, cell models, and preeclamptic patient samples have shown the evidence for placental, renal, and endothelial cell mitochondrial oxidative stress, and its significance in PE. These studies offer promising results; however, the important and relevant question is can we translate these results into clinical efficacy in treating PE. Hence, the purpose of this review is to review the existing literature and offer our insights on the potential of mitochondrial antioxidants in treating PE.
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29
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McClements L, Richards C, Patel N, Chen H, Sesperez K, Bubb KJ, Karlstaedt A, Aksentijevic D. Impact of reduced uterine perfusion pressure model of preeclampsia on metabolism of placenta, maternal and fetal hearts. Sci Rep 2022; 12:1111. [PMID: 35064159 PMCID: PMC8782944 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-05120-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Preeclampsia is a cardiovascular pregnancy complication characterised by new onset hypertension and organ damage or intrauterine growth restriction. It is one of the leading causes of maternal and fetal mortality in pregnancy globally. Short of pre-term delivery of the fetus and placenta, treatment options are limited. Consequently, preeclampsia leads to increased cardiovascular disease risk in both mothers and offspring later in life. Here we aim to examine the impact of the reduced uterine perfusion pressure (RUPP) rat model of preeclampsia on the maternal cardiovascular system, placental and fetal heart metabolism. The surgical RUPP model was induced in pregnant rats by applying silver clips around the aorta and uterine arteries on gestational day 14, resulting in ~ 40% uterine blood flow reduction. The experiment was terminated on gestational day 19 and metabolomic profile of placentae, maternal and fetal hearts analysed using high-resolution 1H NMR spectroscopy. Impairment of uterine perfusion in RUPP rats caused placental and cardiac hypoxia and a series of metabolic adaptations: altered energetics, carbohydrate, lipid and amino acid metabolism of placentae and maternal hearts. Comparatively, the fetal metabolic phenotype was mildly affected. Nevertheless, long-term effects of these changes in both mothers and the offspring should be investigated further in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lana McClements
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Claire Richards
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nikayla Patel
- Centre for Biochemical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK
| | - Hao Chen
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kimberly Sesperez
- School of Life Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Technology Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Kristen J Bubb
- Biomedical Discovery Institute, Monash University, Melbourne, Australia
| | - Anja Karlstaedt
- Department of Cardiology, Smidt Heart Institute, Cedars Sinai Medical Center, Los Angeles, CA, USA, 127 San Vincente Blvd, 90048
| | - Dunja Aksentijevic
- Centre for Biochemical Pharmacology, William Harvey Research Institute, Barts and the London School of Medicine and Dentistry, Queen Mary University of London, Charterhouse Square, London, EC1M 6BQ, UK.
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30
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Lakshman R, Spiroski AM, McIver LB, Murphy MP, Giussani DA. Noninvasive Biomarkers for Cardiovascular Dysfunction Programmed in Male Offspring of Adverse Pregnancy. Hypertension 2021; 78:1818-1828. [PMID: 34757774 PMCID: PMC8577293 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.121.17926] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
[Figure: see text].
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Affiliation(s)
- Rama Lakshman
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience (R.L., A.-M.S., L.B.M., D.A.G.), University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Ana-Mishel Spiroski
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience (R.L., A.-M.S., L.B.M., D.A.G.), University of Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Cambridge BHF Centre of Research Excellence (A.-M.S., M.P.M., D.A.G.), University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Lauren B McIver
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience (R.L., A.-M.S., L.B.M., D.A.G.), University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Michael P Murphy
- MRC Mitochondria Biology Unit (M.P.M.), University of Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Cambridge BHF Centre of Research Excellence (A.-M.S., M.P.M., D.A.G.), University of Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Department of Medicine (M.P.M., D.A.G.), University of Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Dino A Giussani
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience (R.L., A.-M.S., L.B.M., D.A.G.), University of Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Cambridge BHF Centre of Research Excellence (A.-M.S., M.P.M., D.A.G.), University of Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Department of Medicine (M.P.M., D.A.G.), University of Cambridge, United Kingdom.,Cambridge Strategic Research Initiative in Reproduction, United Kingdom (D.A.G.)
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31
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Abstract
Heart disease remains one of the greatest killers. In addition to genetics and traditional lifestyle risk factors, we now understand that adverse conditions during pregnancy can also increase susceptibility to cardiovascular disease in the offspring. Therefore, the mechanisms by which this occurs and possible preventative therapies are of significant contemporary interest to the cardiovascular community. A common suboptimal pregnancy condition is a sustained reduction in fetal oxygenation. Chronic fetal hypoxia results from any pregnancy with increased placental vascular resistance, such as in preeclampsia, placental infection, or maternal obesity. Chronic fetal hypoxia may also arise during pregnancy at high altitude or because of maternal respiratory disease. This article reviews the short- and long-term effects of hypoxia on the fetal cardiovascular system, and the importance of chronic fetal hypoxia in triggering a developmental origin of future heart disease in the adult progeny. The work summarizes evidence derived from human studies as well as from rodent, avian, and ovine models. There is a focus on the discovery of the molecular link between prenatal hypoxia, oxidative stress, and increased cardiovascular risk in adult offspring. Discussion of mitochondria-targeted antioxidant therapy offers potential targets for clinical intervention in human pregnancy complicated by chronic fetal hypoxia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dino A Giussani
- Department of Physiology, Development, and Neuroscience; The Barcroft Centre; Cambridge Cardiovascular British Heart Foundation Centre for Research Excellence; and Cambridge Strategic Research Initiative in Reproduction, University of Cambridge, UK
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32
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Effect of Endogenic and Exogenic Oxidative Stress Triggers on Adverse Pregnancy Outcomes: Preeclampsia, Fetal Growth Restriction, Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Preterm Birth. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms221810122. [PMID: 34576285 PMCID: PMC8468091 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221810122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2021] [Revised: 09/10/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Oxidative stress is caused by an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in cells and tissues and the ability of a biological system to detoxify them. During a normal pregnancy, oxidative stress increases the normal systemic inflammatory response and is usually well-controlled by the balanced body mechanism of the detoxification of anti-oxidative products. However, pregnancy is also a condition in which this adaptation and balance can be easily disrupted. Excessive ROS is detrimental and associated with many pregnancy complications, such as preeclampsia (PE), fetal growth restriction (FGR), gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and preterm birth (PTB), by damaging placentation. The placenta is a tissue rich in mitochondria that produces the majority of ROS, so it is important to maintain normal placental function and properly develop its vascular network to ensure a safe and healthy pregnancy. Antioxidants may ameliorate these diseases, and related research is progressing. This review aimed to determine the association between oxidative stress and adverse pregnancy outcomes, especially PE, FGR, GDM, and PTB, and explore how to overcome this oxidative stress in these unfavorable conditions.
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33
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Hypoxia and the integrated stress response promote pulmonary hypertension and preeclampsia: Implications in drug development. Drug Discov Today 2021; 26:2754-2773. [PMID: 34302972 DOI: 10.1016/j.drudis.2021.07.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2020] [Revised: 03/31/2021] [Accepted: 07/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Chronic hypoxia is a common cause of pulmonary hypertension, preeclampsia, and intrauterine growth restriction (IUGR). The molecular mechanisms underlying these diseases are not completely understood. Chronic hypoxia may induce the generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in mitochondria, promote endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, and result in the integrated stress response (ISR) in the pulmonary artery and uteroplacental tissues. Numerous studies have implicated hypoxia-inducible factors (HIFs), oxidative stress, and ER stress/unfolded protein response (UPR) in the development of pulmonary hypertension, preeclampsia and IUGR. This review highlights the roles of HIFs, mitochondria-derived ROS and UPR, as well as their interplay, in the pathogenesis of pulmonary hypertension and preeclampsia, and their implications in drug development.
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34
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Camm EJ, Cross CM, Kane AD, Tarry-Adkins JL, Ozanne SE, Giussani DA. Maternal antioxidant treatment protects adult offspring against memory loss and hippocampal atrophy in a rodent model of developmental hypoxia. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21477. [PMID: 33891326 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002557rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2020] [Revised: 02/11/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Chronic fetal hypoxia is one of the most common outcomes in complicated pregnancy in humans. Despite this, its effects on the long-term health of the brain in offspring are largely unknown. Here, we investigated in rats whether hypoxic pregnancy affects brain structure and function in the adult offspring and explored underlying mechanisms with maternal antioxidant intervention. Pregnant rats were randomly chosen for normoxic or hypoxic (13% oxygen) pregnancy with or without maternal supplementation with vitamin C in their drinking water. In one cohort, the placenta and fetal tissues were collected at the end of gestation. In another, dams were allowed to deliver naturally, and offspring were reared under normoxic conditions until 4 months of age (young adult). Between 3.5 and 4 months, the behavior, cognition and brains of the adult offspring were studied. We demonstrated that prenatal hypoxia reduced neuronal number, as well as vascular and synaptic density, in the hippocampus, significantly impairing memory function in the adult offspring. These adverse effects of prenatal hypoxia were independent of the hypoxic pregnancy inducing fetal growth restriction or elevations in maternal or fetal plasma glucocorticoid levels. Maternal vitamin C supplementation during hypoxic pregnancy protected against oxidative stress in the placenta and prevented the adverse effects of prenatal hypoxia on hippocampal atrophy and memory loss in the adult offspring. Therefore, these data provide a link between prenatal hypoxia, placental oxidative stress, and offspring brain health in later life, providing insight into mechanism and identifying a therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily J Camm
- Department of Physiology, Development & Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Christine M Cross
- Department of Physiology, Development & Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Andrew D Kane
- Department of Physiology, Development & Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Jane L Tarry-Adkins
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Susan E Ozanne
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK.,Cambridge Strategic Initiative in Reproduction, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dino A Giussani
- Department of Physiology, Development & Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Cambridge Strategic Initiative in Reproduction, Cambridge, UK
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35
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Spiroski AM, Niu Y, Nicholas LM, Austin-Williams S, Camm EJ, Sutherland MR, Ashmore TJ, Skeffington KL, Logan A, Ozanne SE, Murphy MP, Giussani DA. Mitochondria antioxidant protection against cardiovascular dysfunction programmed by early-onset gestational hypoxia. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21446. [PMID: 33788974 PMCID: PMC7612077 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002705r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 01/19/2021] [Accepted: 02/01/2021] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria-derived oxidative stress during fetal development increases cardiovascular risk in adult offspring of pregnancies complicated by chronic fetal hypoxia. We investigated the efficacy of the mitochondria-targeted antioxidant MitoQ in preventing cardiovascular dysfunction in adult rat offspring exposed to gestational hypoxia, integrating functional experiments in vivo, with those at the isolated organ and molecular levels. Rats were randomized to normoxic or hypoxic (13%-14% O2 ) pregnancy ± MitoQ (500 μM day-1 ) in the maternal drinking water. At 4 months of age, one cohort of male offspring was chronically instrumented with vascular catheters and flow probes to test in vivo cardiovascular function. In a second cohort, the heart was isolated and mounted onto a Langendorff preparation. To establish mechanisms linking gestational hypoxia with cardiovascular dysfunction and protection by MitoQ, we quantified the expression of antioxidant system, β-adrenergic signaling, and calcium handling genes in the fetus and adult, in frozen tissues from a third cohort. Maternal MitoQ in hypoxic pregnancy protected offspring against increased α1 -adrenergic reactivity of the cardiovascular system, enhanced reactive hyperemia in peripheral vascular beds, and sympathetic dominance, hypercontractility and diastolic dysfunction in the heart. Inhibition of Nfe2l2-mediated oxidative stress in the fetal heart and preservation of calcium regulatory responses in the hearts of fetal and adult offspring link molecular mechanisms to the protective actions of MitoQ treatment of hypoxic pregnancy. Therefore, these data show the efficacy of MitoQ in buffering mitochondrial stress through NADPH-induced oxidative damage and the prevention of programmed cardiovascular disease in adult offspring of hypoxic pregnancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ana-Mishel Spiroski
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Cambridge Cardiovascular Strategic Research Initiative, Cambridge, UK
| | - Youguo Niu
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Cambridge Cardiovascular Strategic Research Initiative, Cambridge, UK
| | - Lisa M Nicholas
- Institute of Metabolic Science-Metabolic Research Laboratories, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK
| | - Shani Austin-Williams
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Emily J Camm
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Megan R Sutherland
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Thomas J Ashmore
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Katie L Skeffington
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Angela Logan
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Susan E Ozanne
- Cambridge Cardiovascular Strategic Research Initiative, Cambridge, UK.,Institute of Metabolic Science-Metabolic Research Laboratories, University of Cambridge, Addenbrooke's Hospital, Cambridge, UK.,Strategic Research Initiative in Reproduction, Cambridge, UK
| | - Michael P Murphy
- Medical Research Council Mitochondrial Biology Unit, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Department of Medicine, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Dino A Giussani
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Cambridge Cardiovascular Strategic Research Initiative, Cambridge, UK.,Strategic Research Initiative in Reproduction, Cambridge, UK
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36
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Angiolini E, Sandovici I, Coan PM, Burton GJ, Sibley CP, Fowden AL, Constância M. Deletion of the Imprinted Phlda2 Gene Increases Placental Passive Permeability in the Mouse. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12050639. [PMID: 33922969 PMCID: PMC8146920 DOI: 10.3390/genes12050639] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2021] [Revised: 04/09/2021] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Genomic imprinting, an epigenetic phenomenon that causes the expression of a small set of genes in a parent-of-origin-specific manner, is thought to have co-evolved with placentation. Many imprinted genes are expressed in the placenta, where they play diverse roles related to development and nutrient supply function. However, only a small number of imprinted genes have been functionally tested for a role in nutrient transfer capacity in relation to the structural characteristics of the exchange labyrinthine zone. Here, we examine the transfer capacity in a mouse model deficient for the maternally expressed Phlda2 gene, which results in placental overgrowth and a transient reduction in fetal growth. Using stereology, we show that the morphology of the labyrinthine zone in Phlda2−/+ mutants is normal at E16 and E19. In vivo placental transfer of radiolabeled solutes 14C-methyl-D-glucose and 14C-MeAIB remains unaffected at both gestational time points. However, placental passive permeability, as measured using two inert hydrophilic solutes (14C-mannitol; 14C-inulin), is significantly higher in mutants. Importantly, this increase in passive permeability is associated with fetal catch-up growth. Our findings uncover a key role played by the imprinted Phlda2 gene in modifying placental passive permeability that may be important for determining fetal growth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Angiolini
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (E.A.); (I.S.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge CB2 0SW, UK
- Epigenetics Programme, The Babraham Institute, Babraham Research Campus, Cambridge CB22 3AT, UK
| | - Ionel Sandovici
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (E.A.); (I.S.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge CB2 0SW, UK
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK; (P.M.C.); (G.J.B.); (A.L.F.)
| | - Philip M. Coan
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK; (P.M.C.); (G.J.B.); (A.L.F.)
| | - Graham J. Burton
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK; (P.M.C.); (G.J.B.); (A.L.F.)
| | - Colin P. Sibley
- Maternal and Fetal Health Research Centre, Division of Developmental Biology and Medicine, School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Biology, Medicine and Health, The University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9WL, UK;
- Manchester Academic Health Science Centre, St. Mary’s Hospital, Manchester University NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M13 9WL, UK
| | - Abigail L. Fowden
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK; (P.M.C.); (G.J.B.); (A.L.F.)
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Miguel Constância
- University of Cambridge Metabolic Research Laboratories and MRC Metabolic Diseases Unit, Institute of Metabolic Science, Addenbrookes Hospital, Cambridge CB2 0QQ, UK; (E.A.); (I.S.)
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, National Institute for Health Research Cambridge Biomedical Research Centre, Cambridge CB2 0SW, UK
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, University of Cambridge, Cambridge CB2 3EG, UK; (P.M.C.); (G.J.B.); (A.L.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +44-1223-336873
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Gestational Diabetes Mellitus and Maternal Immune Dysregulation: What We Know So Far. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22084261. [PMID: 33923959 PMCID: PMC8073796 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22084261] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2021] [Accepted: 04/14/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is an obstetric complication that affects approximately 5-10% of all pregnancies worldwide. GDM is defined as any degree of glucose intolerance with onset or first recognition during pregnancy, and is characterized by exaggerated insulin resistance, a condition which is already pronounced in healthy pregnancies. Maternal hyperglycaemia ensues, instigating a 'glucose stress' response and concurrent systemic inflammation. Previous findings have proposed that both placental and visceral adipose tissue play a part in instigating and mediating this low-grade inflammatory response which involves altered infiltration, differentiation and activation of maternal innate and adaptive immune cells. The resulting maternal immune dysregulation is responsible for exacerbation of the condition and a further reduction in maternal insulin sensitivity. GDM pathology results in maternal and foetal adverse outcomes such as increased susceptibility to diabetes mellitus development and foetal neurological conditions. A clearer understanding of how these pathways originate and evolve will improve therapeutic targeting. In this review, we will explore the existing findings describing maternal immunological adaption in GDM in an attempt to highlight our current understanding of GDM-mediated immune dysregulation and identify areas where further research is required.
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Siragher E, Sferruzzi-Perri AN. Placental hypoxia: What have we learnt from small animal models? Placenta 2021; 113:29-47. [PMID: 34074553 DOI: 10.1016/j.placenta.2021.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2020] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
Intrauterine hypoxia is a feature of pregnancy complications, both at high altitude and sea level. To understand the placental response to reduced oxygen availability, small animal models of maternal inhalation hypoxia (MIH) or reduced uterine perfusion pressure (RUPP) may be utilised. The aim of this review was to compare the findings of those studies to identify the role of oxygen availability in adapting placental structural and functional phenotypes in relation to fetal outcome. It also sought to explore the evidence for the involvement of particular genes and protein signalling pathways in the placenta in mediating hypoxia driven alterations. The data available demonstrate that both MIH and RUPP can induce placental hypoxia, which affects placental structure and vascularity, as well as glucose, amino acid, calcium and possibly lipid transport capacity. In addition, changes have been observed in HIF, VEGF, insulin/IGF2, AMPK, mTOR, PI3K and PPARγ signalling, which may be key in linking together observed phenotypes under conditions of placental hypoxia. Many different manipulations have been examined, with varied outcomes depending on the intensity, timing and duration of the insult. Some manipulations have detrimental effects on placental phenotype, viability and fetal growth, whereas in others, the placenta appears to adapt to uphold fetal growth despite the challenge of low oxygen. Together these data suggest a complex response of the placenta to reduced oxygen availability, which links to changes in fetal outcomes. However, further work is required to explore the role of fetal sex, altered maternal physiology and placental molecular mechanisms to fully understand placental responses to hypoxia and their relevance for pregnancy outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emma Siragher
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Downing Street, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK
| | - Amanda N Sferruzzi-Perri
- Centre for Trophoblast Research, Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Downing Street, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 3EG, UK.
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Hu XQ, Zhang L. Hypoxia and Mitochondrial Dysfunction in Pregnancy Complications. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10030405. [PMID: 33800426 PMCID: PMC7999178 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10030405] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2021] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Hypoxia is a common and severe stress to an organism's homeostatic mechanisms, and hypoxia during gestation is associated with significantly increased incidence of maternal complications of preeclampsia, adversely impacting on the fetal development and subsequent risk for cardiovascular and metabolic disease. Human and animal studies have revealed a causative role of increased uterine vascular resistance and placental hypoxia in preeclampsia and fetal/intrauterine growth restriction (FGR/IUGR) associated with gestational hypoxia. Gestational hypoxia has a major effect on mitochondria of uteroplacental cells to overproduce reactive oxygen species (ROS), leading to oxidative stress. Excess mitochondrial ROS in turn cause uteroplacental dysfunction by damaging cellular macromolecules, which underlies the pathogenesis of preeclampsia and FGR. In this article, we review the current understanding of hypoxia-induced mitochondrial ROS and their role in placental dysfunction and the pathogenesis of pregnancy complications. In addition, therapeutic approaches selectively targeting mitochondrial ROS in the placental cells are discussed.
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40
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Gragasin FS, Ospina MB, Serrano-Lomelin J, Kim SH, Kokotilo M, Woodman AG, Renaud SJ, Bourque SL. Maternal and Cord Blood Hemoglobin as Determinants of Placental Weight: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Clin Med 2021; 10:jcm10050997. [PMID: 33801215 PMCID: PMC7957881 DOI: 10.3390/jcm10050997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Both high and low placental weights are associated with adverse pregnancy outcomes. Maternal hemoglobin levels can influence placental weight, but the evidence is conflicting. Since maternal hemoglobin does not invariably correlate with fetal/neonatal blood hemoglobin levels, we sought to determine whether cord blood hemoglobin or maternal hemoglobin status more closely associates with placental weight in women undergoing elective cesarean section at term. Methods: This was a cross-sectional study conducted at the Royal Alexandra Hospital, Edmonton, Canada, involving 202 women with term singleton pregnancies undergoing elective cesarean section. Maternal blood and mixed cord blood hemoglobin levels were analyzed using a HemoCue Hb201+ system. Birth weight, placental weight, one- and five-minute APGAR scores, American Society of Anesthesiologists physical state classification, maternal age, and maternal height were also recorded. Relationships between maternal and cord blood hemoglobin levels with placental weight, birth weight, and birth weight to placental weight ratio were the main outcome measures. Results: A total of 182 subjects were included in the analysis. Regression analysis showed that cord blood hemoglobin, but not maternal hemoglobin, was inversely related with placental weight (β = −2.4, p = 0.001) and positively related with the birth weight to placental weight ratio (β = 0.015, p = 0.001 and p = 0.63, respectively). Conclusions: Our findings suggest that measuring cord blood hemoglobin levels, rather than maternal hemoglobin levels, may provide important diagnostic information about in utero fetal adaptation to suboptimal placental function and neonatal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ferrante S. Gragasin
- Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G3, Canada; (F.S.G.); (M.K.)
- Women and Children’s Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada; (M.B.O.); (J.S.-L.); (A.G.W.)
| | - Maria B. Ospina
- Women and Children’s Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada; (M.B.O.); (J.S.-L.); (A.G.W.)
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R7, Canada
| | - Jesus Serrano-Lomelin
- Women and Children’s Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada; (M.B.O.); (J.S.-L.); (A.G.W.)
- Department of Obstetrics & Gynecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2R7, Canada
| | - Su Hwan Kim
- Department of Mathematical & Statistical Sciences, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G1, Canada;
| | - Matthew Kokotilo
- Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G3, Canada; (F.S.G.); (M.K.)
| | - Andrew G. Woodman
- Women and Children’s Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada; (M.B.O.); (J.S.-L.); (A.G.W.)
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
| | - Stephen J. Renaud
- Department of Anatomy and Cell Biology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6A 5C1, Canada;
| | - Stephane L. Bourque
- Department of Anesthesiology & Pain Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2G3, Canada; (F.S.G.); (M.K.)
- Women and Children’s Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 1C9, Canada; (M.B.O.); (J.S.-L.); (A.G.W.)
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB T6G 2H7, Canada
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-780-492-6000
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41
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Vangrieken P, Al-Nasiry S, Bast A, Leermakers PA, Tulen CBM, Schiffers PMH, van Schooten FJ, Remels AHV. Placental Mitochondrial Abnormalities in Preeclampsia. Reprod Sci 2021; 28:2186-2199. [PMID: 33523425 PMCID: PMC8289780 DOI: 10.1007/s43032-021-00464-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 01/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Preeclampsia complicates 5–8% of all pregnancies worldwide, and although its pathophysiology remains obscure, placental oxidative stress and mitochondrial abnormalities are considered to play a key role. Mitochondrial abnormalities in preeclamptic placentae have been described, but the extent to which mitochondrial content and the molecular pathways controlling this (mitochondrial biogenesis and mitophagy) are affected in preeclamptic placentae is unknown. Therefore, in preeclamptic (n = 12) and control (n = 11) placentae, we comprehensively assessed multiple indices of placental antioxidant status, mitochondrial content, mitochondrial biogenesis, mitophagy, and mitochondrial fusion and fission. In addition, we also explored gene expression profiles related to inflammation and apoptosis. Preeclamptic placentae were characterized by higher levels of oxidized glutathione, a higher total antioxidant capacity, and higher mRNA levels of the mitochondrial-located antioxidant enzyme manganese-dependent superoxide dismutase 2 compared to controls. Furthermore, mitochondrial content was significantly lower in preeclamptic placentae, which was accompanied by an increased abundance of key constituents of glycolysis. Moreover, mRNA and protein levels of key molecules involved in the regulation of mitochondrial biogenesis were lower in preeclamptic placentae, while the abundance of constituents of the mitophagy, autophagy, and mitochondrial fission machinery was higher compared to controls. In addition, we found evidence for activation of apoptosis and inflammation in preeclamptic placentae. This study is the first to comprehensively demonstrate abnormalities at the level of the mitochondrion and the molecular pathways controlling mitochondrial content/function in preeclamptic placentae. These aberrations may well contribute to the pathophysiology of preeclampsia by upregulating placental inflammation, oxidative stress, and apoptosis. Graphical Abstract ![]()
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Affiliation(s)
- Philippe Vangrieken
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands. .,School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Department of Internal Medicine, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands.
| | - Salwan Al-Nasiry
- School for Oncology and Developmental Biology (GROW), Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Aalt Bast
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Pieter A Leermakers
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Christy B M Tulen
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Paul M H Schiffers
- School for Cardiovascular Diseases (CARIM), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Frederik J van Schooten
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
| | - Alex H V Remels
- School of Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism (NUTRIM), Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Maastricht University Medical Center+, Maastricht, The Netherlands
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42
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Ganguly E, Kirschenman R, Spaans F, Holody CD, Phillips TEJ, Case CP, Cooke CLM, Murphy MP, Lemieux H, Davidge ST. Nanoparticle-encapsulated antioxidant improves placental mitochondrial function in a sexually dimorphic manner in a rat model of prenatal hypoxia. FASEB J 2021; 35:e21338. [PMID: 33428278 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202002193r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2020] [Revised: 12/11/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Pregnancy complications associated with prenatal hypoxia lead to increased placental oxidative stress. Previous studies suggest that prenatal hypoxia can reduce mitochondrial respiratory capacity and mitochondrial fusion, which could lead to placental dysfunction and impaired fetal development. We developed a placenta-targeted treatment strategy using a mitochondrial antioxidant, MitoQ, encapsulated into nanoparticles (nMitoQ) to reduce placental oxidative stress and (indirectly) improve fetal outcomes. We hypothesized that, in a rat model of prenatal hypoxia, nMitoQ improves placental mitochondrial function and promotes mitochondrial fusion in both male and female placentae. Pregnant rats were treated with saline or nMitoQ on gestational day (GD) 15 and exposed to normoxia (21% O2 ) or hypoxia (11% O2 ) from GD15-21. On GD21, male and female placental labyrinth zones were collected for mitochondrial respirometry assessments, mitochondrial content, and markers of mitochondrial biogenesis, fusion and fission. Prenatal hypoxia reduced complex IV activity and fusion in male placentae, while nMitoQ improved complex IV activity in hypoxic male placentae. In female placentae, prenatal hypoxia decreased respiration through the S-pathway (complex II) and increased N-pathway (complex I) respiration, while nMitoQ increased fusion in hypoxic female placentae. No changes in mitochondrial content, biogenesis or fission were found. In conclusion, nMitoQ improved placental mitochondrial function in male and female placentae from fetuses exposed to prenatal hypoxia, which may contribute to improved placental function. However, the mechanisms (ie, changes in mitochondrial respiratory capacity and mitochondrial fusion) were distinct between the sexes. Treatment strategies targeted against placental oxidative stress could improve placental mitochondrial function in complicated pregnancies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esha Ganguly
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Raven Kirschenman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Floor Spaans
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Claudia D Holody
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Paediatrics, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Faculty Saint-Jean, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | | | - C Patrick Case
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Christy-Lynn M Cooke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Michael P Murphy
- MRC Mitochondrial Biology Unit, Keith Peters Building, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
| | - Hélène Lemieux
- Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Faculty Saint-Jean, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Medicine, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
| | - Sandra T Davidge
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada.,Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada
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43
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Working towards precision medicine in developmental programming. Pediatr Res 2021; 89:1606-1607. [PMID: 33753895 PMCID: PMC8249231 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-021-01466-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
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44
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Hebert JF, Myatt L. Placental mitochondrial dysfunction with metabolic diseases: Therapeutic approaches. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2021; 1867:165967. [PMID: 32920120 PMCID: PMC8043619 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2020.165967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Revised: 09/03/2020] [Accepted: 09/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Both obesity and gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) lead to poor maternal and fetal outcomes, including pregnancy complications, fetal growth issues, stillbirth, and developmental programming of adult-onset disease in the offspring. Increased placental oxidative/nitrative stress and reduced placental (trophoblast) mitochondrial respiration occur in association with the altered maternal metabolic milieu of obesity and GDM. The effect is particularly evident when the fetus is male, suggesting a sexually dimorphic influence on the placenta. In addition, obesity and GDM are associated with inflexibility in trophoblast, limiting the ability to switch between usage of glucose, fatty acids, and glutamine as substrates for oxidative phosphorylation, again in a sexually dimorphic manner. Here we review mechanisms underlying placental mitochondrial dysfunction: its relationship to maternal and fetal outcomes and the influence of fetal sex. Prevention of placental oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunction may improve pregnancy outcomes. We outline pathways to ameliorate deficient mitochondrial respiration, particularly the benefits and pitfalls of mitochondria-targeted antioxidants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica F Hebert
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States of America
| | - Leslie Myatt
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Oregon Health & Science University, Portland, OR, United States of America.
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45
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Hellgren KT, Premanandhan H, Quinn CJ, Trafford AW, Galli GLJ. Sex-dependent effects of developmental hypoxia on cardiac mitochondria from adult murine offspring. Free Radic Biol Med 2021; 162:490-499. [PMID: 33186741 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2020.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2020] [Revised: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Insufficient oxygen supply (hypoxia) during fetal and embryonic development can lead to latent phenotypical changes in the adult cardiovascular system, including altered cardiac function and increased susceptibility to ischemia reperfusion injury. While the cellular mechanisms underlying this phenomenon are largely unknown, several studies have pointed towards metabolic disturbances in the heart of offspring from hypoxic pregnancies. To this end, we investigated mitochondrial function in the offspring of a mouse model of prenatal hypoxia. Pregnant C57 mice were subjected to either normoxia (21%) or hypoxia (14%) during gestational days 6-18. Offspring were reared in normoxia for up to 8 months and mitochondrial biology was assessed with electron microscopy (ultrastructure), spectrophotometry (enzymatic activity of electron transport chain complexes), microrespirometry (oxidative phosphorylation and H202 production) and Western Blot (protein expression). Our data showed that male adult offspring from hypoxic pregnancies possessed mitochondria with increased H202 production and lower respiratory capacity that was associated with reduced protein expression of complex I, II and IV. In contrast, females from hypoxic pregnancies had a higher respiratory capacity and lower H202 production that was associated with increased enzymatic activity of complex IV. From these results, we speculate that early exposure to hypoxia has long term, sex-dependent effects on cardiac metabolic function, which may have implications for cardiovascular health and disease in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kim T Hellgren
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, UK
| | - Hajani Premanandhan
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, UK
| | - Callum J Quinn
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, UK
| | - Andrew W Trafford
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, UK
| | - Gina L J Galli
- Division of Cardiovascular Sciences, School of Medical Sciences, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, UK.
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Colson A, Sonveaux P, Debiève F, Sferruzzi-Perri AN. Adaptations of the human placenta to hypoxia: opportunities for interventions in fetal growth restriction. Hum Reprod Update 2020; 27:531-569. [PMID: 33377492 DOI: 10.1093/humupd/dmaa053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2020] [Revised: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The placenta is the functional interface between the mother and the fetus during pregnancy, and a critical determinant of fetal growth and life-long health. In the first trimester, it develops under a low-oxygen environment, which is essential for the conceptus who has little defense against reactive oxygen species produced during oxidative metabolism. However, failure of invasive trophoblasts to sufficiently remodel uterine arteries toward dilated vessels by the end of the first trimester can lead to reduced/intermittent blood flow, persistent hypoxia and oxidative stress in the placenta with consequences for fetal growth. Fetal growth restriction (FGR) is observed in ∼10% of pregnancies and is frequently seen in association with other pregnancy complications, such as preeclampsia (PE). FGR is one of the main challenges for obstetricians and pediatricians, as smaller fetuses have greater perinatal risks of morbidity and mortality and postnatal risks of neurodevelopmental and cardio-metabolic disorders. OBJECTIVE AND RATIONALE The aim of this review was to examine the importance of placental responses to changing oxygen environments during abnormal pregnancy in terms of cellular, molecular and functional changes in order to highlight new therapeutic pathways, and to pinpoint approaches aimed at enhancing oxygen supply and/or mitigating oxidative stress in the placenta as a mean of optimizing fetal growth. SEARCH METHODS An extensive online search of peer-reviewed articles using PubMed was performed with combinations of search terms including pregnancy, placenta, trophoblast, oxygen, hypoxia, high altitude, FGR and PE (last updated in May 2020). OUTCOMES Trophoblast differentiation and placental establishment are governed by oxygen availability/hypoxia in early pregnancy. The placental response to late gestational hypoxia includes changes in syncytialization, mitochondrial functions, endoplasmic reticulum stress, hormone production, nutrient handling and angiogenic factor secretion. The nature of these changes depends on the extent of hypoxia, with some responses appearing adaptive and others appearing detrimental to the placental support of fetal growth. Emerging approaches that aim to increase placental oxygen supply and/or reduce the impacts of excessive oxidative stress are promising for their potential to prevent/treat FGR. WIDER IMPLICATIONS There are many risks and challenges of intervening during pregnancy that must be considered. The establishment of human trophoblast stem cell lines and organoids will allow further mechanistic studies of the effects of hypoxia and may lead to advanced screening of drugs for use in pregnancies complicated by placental insufficiency/hypoxia. Since no treatments are currently available, a better understanding of placental adaptations to hypoxia would help to develop therapies or repurpose drugs to optimize placental function and fetal growth, with life-long benefits to human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arthur Colson
- Pole of Obstetrics, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.,Pole of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Obstetrics, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Pierre Sonveaux
- Pole of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Frédéric Debiève
- Pole of Obstetrics, Institute of Experimental and Clinical Research (IREC), Université catholique de Louvain, Brussels, Belgium.,Department of Obstetrics, Cliniques Universitaires Saint-Luc, Brussels, Belgium
| | - Amanda N Sferruzzi-Perri
- Department of Physiology, Development and Neuroscience, Centre for Trophoblast Research, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK
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Robertson CE, Wilsterman K. Developmental and reproductive physiology of small mammals at high altitude: challenges and evolutionary innovations. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2020; 223:223/24/jeb215350. [PMID: 33443053 DOI: 10.1242/jeb.215350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
High-altitude environments, characterized by low oxygen levels and low ambient temperatures, have been repeatedly colonized by small altricial mammals. These species inhabit mountainous regions year-round, enduring chronic cold and hypoxia. The adaptations that allow small mammals to thrive at altitude have been well studied in non-reproducing adults; however, our knowledge of adaptations specific to earlier life stages and reproductive females is extremely limited. In lowland natives, chronic hypoxia during gestation affects maternal physiology and placental function, ultimately limiting fetal growth. During post-natal development, hypoxia and cold further limit growth both directly by acting on neonatal physiology and indirectly via impacts on maternal milk production and care. Although lowland natives can survive brief sojourns to even extreme high altitude as adults, reproductive success in these environments is very low, and lowland young rarely survive to sexual maturity in chronic cold and hypoxia. Here, we review the limits to maternal and offspring physiology - both pre-natal and post-natal - that highland-adapted species have overcome, with a focus on recent studies on high-altitude populations of the North American deer mouse (Peromyscus maniculatus). We conclude that a combination of maternal and developmental adaptations were likely to have been critical steps in the evolutionary history of high-altitude native mammals.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kathryn Wilsterman
- Division of Biological Sciences, University of Montana, Missoula, MT 59802, USA
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48
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Brand MD. Riding the tiger - physiological and pathological effects of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide generated in the mitochondrial matrix. Crit Rev Biochem Mol Biol 2020; 55:592-661. [PMID: 33148057 DOI: 10.1080/10409238.2020.1828258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Elevated mitochondrial matrix superoxide and/or hydrogen peroxide concentrations drive a wide range of physiological responses and pathologies. Concentrations of superoxide and hydrogen peroxide in the mitochondrial matrix are set mainly by rates of production, the activities of superoxide dismutase-2 (SOD2) and peroxiredoxin-3 (PRDX3), and by diffusion of hydrogen peroxide to the cytosol. These considerations can be used to generate criteria for assessing whether changes in matrix superoxide or hydrogen peroxide are both necessary and sufficient to drive redox signaling and pathology: is a phenotype affected by suppressing superoxide and hydrogen peroxide production; by manipulating the levels of SOD2, PRDX3 or mitochondria-targeted catalase; and by adding mitochondria-targeted SOD/catalase mimetics or mitochondria-targeted antioxidants? Is the pathology associated with variants in SOD2 and PRDX3 genes? Filtering the large literature on mitochondrial redox signaling using these criteria highlights considerable evidence that mitochondrial superoxide and hydrogen peroxide drive physiological responses involved in cellular stress management, including apoptosis, autophagy, propagation of endoplasmic reticulum stress, cellular senescence, HIF1α signaling, and immune responses. They also affect cell proliferation, migration, differentiation, and the cell cycle. Filtering the huge literature on pathologies highlights strong experimental evidence that 30-40 pathologies may be driven by mitochondrial matrix superoxide or hydrogen peroxide. These can be grouped into overlapping and interacting categories: metabolic, cardiovascular, inflammatory, and neurological diseases; cancer; ischemia/reperfusion injury; aging and its diseases; external insults, and genetic diseases. Understanding the involvement of mitochondrial matrix superoxide and hydrogen peroxide concentrations in these diseases can facilitate the rational development of appropriate therapies.
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Itani N, Skeffington KL, Beck C, Niu Y, Katzilieris‐Petras G, Smith N, Giussani DA. Protective effects of pravastatin on the embryonic cardiovascular system during hypoxic development. FASEB J 2020; 34:16504-16515. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001743r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Nozomi Itani
- Department of Physiology, Development & Neuroscience University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
| | - Katie L. Skeffington
- Department of Physiology, Development & Neuroscience University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
| | - Christian Beck
- Department of Physiology, Development & Neuroscience University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
| | - Youguo Niu
- Department of Physiology, Development & Neuroscience University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
| | | | - Nicola Smith
- Department of Physiology, Development & Neuroscience University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
| | - Dino A. Giussani
- Department of Physiology, Development & Neuroscience University of Cambridge Cambridge UK
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50
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Ganguly E, Spaans F, Morton JS, Kirschenman R, Aljunaidy MM, Phillips TEJ, Case CP, Cooke CLM, Davidge ST. Placenta-targeted treatment in hypoxic dams improves maturation and growth of fetal cardiomyocytes in vitro via the release of placental factors. Exp Physiol 2020; 105:1507-1514. [PMID: 32749725 DOI: 10.1113/ep088799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 07/31/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
NEW FINDINGS What is the central question of this study? Does treatment of hypoxic dams with a placenta-targeted antioxidant prevent the release of placenta-derived factors that impair maturation or growth of fetal cardiomyocytes in vitro? What is the main finding and its importance? Factors released from hypoxic placentae impaired fetal cardiomyocyte maturation (induced terminal differentiation) and growth (increased cell size) in vitro, which was prevented by maternal treatment with a placenta-targeted antioxidant (nMitoQ). Moreover, there were no sex differences in the effects of placental factors on fetal cardiomyocyte maturation and growth. Overall, our data suggest that treatment targeted against placental oxidative stress could prevent fetal programming of cardiac diseases via the release of placental factors. ABSTRACT Pregnancy complications associated with placental oxidative stress may impair fetal organ development through the release of placenta-derived factors into the fetal circulation. We assessed the effect of factors secreted from placentae previously exposed to prenatal hypoxia on fetal cardiomyocyte development and developed a treatment strategy that targets placental oxidative stress by encapsulating the antioxidant MitoQ into nanoparticles (nMitoQ). We used a rat model of prenatal hypoxia (gestational day (GD) 15-21), which was treated with saline or nMitoQ on GD15. On GD21, placentae were harvested, placed in culture, and conditioned medium (containing placenta-derived factors) was collected after 24 h. This conditioned medium was then added to cultured cardiomyocytes from control dam fetuses. Conditioned medium from prenatally hypoxic placentae increased the percentage of binucleated cardiomyocytes (marker of terminal differentiation) and the size of mononucleated and binucleated cardiomyocytes (sign of hypertrophy), effects that were prevented by nMitoQ treatment. Our data suggest that factors derived from placentae previously exposed to prenatal hypoxia lead to abnormal fetal cardiomyocyte development, and show that treatment against placental oxidative stress may prevent fetal programming of cardiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esha Ganguly
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Floor Spaans
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Jude S Morton
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Raven Kirschenman
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Mais M Aljunaidy
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | | | - C Patrick Case
- Musculoskeletal Research Unit, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK
| | - Christy-Lynn M Cooke
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sandra T Davidge
- Department of Physiology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada.,Women and Children's Health Research Institute, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Alberta, Canada
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