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Esch T, Stefano GB, Michaelsen MM. The foundations of mind-body medicine: Love, good relationships, and happiness modulate stress and promote health. Stress Health 2024; 40:e3387. [PMID: 38442034 DOI: 10.1002/smi.3387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2024] [Indexed: 03/07/2024]
Abstract
Although stress is an everyday fact of life, it can lead to poor health outcomes, particularly when intense or prolonged. However, humans have unique cognitive abilities and thus may be able to combat stress by engaging critical psychological defence mechanisms. In this review, we discuss the field of mind-body medicine, which focuses on improving our understanding of the mechanisms underlying this response and developing interventions that might be used to limit the effects of chronic stress. We review the findings of past and current research in this field that has focused on the impact of psychological, emotional, and behavioural factors, including love, social connectedness, and happiness on human health and the amelioration of pain as well as other signs and symptoms of disease. While these studies have not yet led to confirmed, quantifiable conclusions, the overall weight of evidence suggests that happiness (defined as a personal sense of well-being) may be directly associated with improved health parameters and reductions in debilitating symptoms. Collectively, these findings suggest that interventions designed to promote stress mitigation, notably those that encourage social activity, may lead to significant improvements in human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tobias Esch
- Institute for Integrative Health Care and Health Promotion, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
| | - George B Stefano
- Institute for Integrative Health Care and Health Promotion, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
- First Faculty of Medicine, Department of Psychiatry of the First Faculty of Medicine and General Teaching Hospital, Charles University in Prague, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Maren M Michaelsen
- Institute for Integrative Health Care and Health Promotion, Witten/Herdecke University, Witten, Germany
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Smith GSE, Moyle W, Burton NW. Frequency of Physical Activity Done with a Companion: Changes Over Seven Years in Adults Aged 60+ Living in an Australian Capital City. J Aging Health 2023; 35:736-748. [PMID: 36852746 PMCID: PMC10478325 DOI: 10.1177/08982643231158424] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/01/2023]
Abstract
Objectives:This study examined how often adults 60+ years were physically active with a partner, close family, friends, and neighbors, over 7 years. Methods: Data from 2062 adults living in an Australian capital city were collected using a mail survey at four time points and analyzed using multinomial logistic regression. Results: A partner was the most frequent companion at all time points. From baseline to 7 years, the greatest decline was activity with family 1-4x/month (.79 [.64-.98]) and ≥5x/month (.54 [.36-.80]). There were also decreases in activity 1-4x/month with a partner (OR = .75, [.62-.92]), friends (.55 [.44-.68]), and neighbors (.79 [.64-.98]). Physical activity with friends or neighbors ≥5x/month did not decline. Discussion: Findings extend understanding of physical activity and activity companions among older adults. More research is needed to understand factors contributing to changes in activity done with companions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genevieve S. E. Smith
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Mental Health, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Wendy Moyle
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- School of Nursing and Midwifery, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
| | - Nicola W. Burton
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Menzies Health Institute Queensland, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
- Centre for Mental Health, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD, Australia, Brisbane, QLD, Australia
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Ren J, Xiao H. Exercise for Mental Well-Being: Exploring Neurobiological Advances and Intervention Effects in Depression. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:1505. [PMID: 37511879 PMCID: PMC10381534 DOI: 10.3390/life13071505] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2023] [Revised: 06/30/2023] [Accepted: 07/03/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Depression is a common mental disorder in which patients often experience feelings of sadness, fatigue, loss of interest, and pleasure. Exercise is a widely used intervention for managing depression, but the specific molecular mechanisms underlying its antidepressant effect are unclear. In this narrative review, we aim to synthesize current knowledge on the molecular, neural, and physiological mechanisms through which exercise exerts its antidepressant effect and discuss the various exercise interventions used for managing depression. We conducted a narrative review of the literature on the topic of exercise and depression. Our review suggests that exercise impacts peripheral tryptophan metabolism, central inflammation, and brain-derived neurotrophic factors through the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ activating factor 1α (PGC-1α) in skeletal muscles. The uncarboxylated osteocalcin facilitates "bone-brain crosstalk", and exercise corrects atypical expression of brain-gut peptides, modulates cytokine production and neurotransmitter release, and regulates inflammatory pathways and microRNA expression. Aerobic exercise is recommended at frequencies of 3 to 5 times per week with medium to high intensity. Here we highlight the significant potential of exercise therapy in managing depression, supported by the molecular, neural, and physiological mechanisms underlying its antidepressant effect. Understanding the molecular pathways and neural mechanisms involved in exercise's antidepressant effect opens new avenues for developing novel therapies for managing depression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianchang Ren
- Institute of Sport and Health, Guangdong Provincial Kay Laboratory of Development and Education for Special Needs Children, Lingnan Normal University, Zhanjiang 524037, China;
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James SN, Chiou YJ, Fatih N, Needham LP, Schott JM, Richards M. Timing of physical activity across adulthood on later-life cognition: 30 years follow-up in the 1946 British birth cohort. J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry 2023; 94:349-356. [PMID: 36810321 PMCID: PMC10176405 DOI: 10.1136/jnnp-2022-329955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To assess how timing, frequency and maintenance of being physically active, spanning over 30 years in adulthood, is associated with later-life cognitive function. METHODS Participants (n=1417, 53% female) were from the prospective longitudinal cohort study, 1946 British birth cohort. Participation in leisure time physical activity was reported five times between ages 36 and 69, categorised into: not active (no participation in physical activity/month); moderately active (participated 1-4 times/month); most active (participated 5 or more times/month). Cognition at age 69 was assessed by tests of cognitive state (Addenbrooke's Cognitive Examination-III), verbal memory (word learning test) and processing speed (visual search speed). RESULTS Being physically active, at all assessments in adulthood, was associated with higher cognition at age 69. For cognitive state and verbal memory, the effect sizes were similar across all adult ages, and between those who were moderately and most physically active. The strongest association was between sustained cumulative physical activity and later-life cognitive state, in a dose-response manner. Adjusting for childhood cognition, childhood socioeconomic position and education largely attenuated these associations but results mainly remained significant at the 5% level. CONCLUSIONS Being physically active at any time in adulthood, and to any extent, is linked with higher later-life cognitive state, but lifelong maintenance of physical activity was most optimal. These relationships were partly explained by childhood cognition and education, but independent of cardiovascular and mental health and APOE-E4, suggestive of the importance of education on the lifelong impacts of physical activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah-Naomi James
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, University College London, London, UK
| | - Yu-Jie Chiou
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, University College London, London, UK
- Department of Psychiatry, Chang Gung Memorial Hospital Kaohsiung Branch, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Nuffield Department of Population Health, University of Oxford, Oxford, UK
| | - Nasri Fatih
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, University College London, London, UK
| | - Louisa P Needham
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, University College London, London, UK
| | - Jonathan M Schott
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, University College London, London, UK
- Dementia Research Centre, UCL Queen Square Institute of Neurology, London, UK
| | - Marcus Richards
- MRC Unit for Lifelong Health and Ageing at UCL, University College London, London, UK
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The Parallel Mediation Effects of Depression, Well-Being, and Social Activity on Physical Performance and Frailty in Community-Dwelling Middle-Aged and Older People. Curr Gerontol Geriatr Res 2022; 2022:7979006. [PMID: 36545342 PMCID: PMC9763010 DOI: 10.1155/2022/7979006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Revised: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Frailty refers to a decline in an elderly person's physical, psychological, and social functioning, making them sensitive to stressors. Because frailty is caused by a variety of factors, including certain demographic characteristics, understanding the mediating factors that affect frailty in the elderly is critical. Purpose To provide evidence about the relationship between depression, well-being, social activity, physical performance, and frailty among older adults. Materials and Methods The study used secondary data from Taiwan's Long-term Study of Aging (n = 7,622), excluding people with severe dementia. The chi-square test and Spearmen's coefficient correlation were used to assess the relationship between the demographic variables and frailty. Nonparametric bootstrapping analysis was used to test whether depression, well-being, and social activity are parallel mediators of the relationship between physical performance and frailty. This study was approved by Fu Jen Catholic University (FJU-IRB No. C110040). Results The overall frailty prevalence was 13.9%. We calculated a mean score and standard deviation for each measurement in this study. The correlation found low-to-moderate positive and negative statistically significant correlations between the variables. A significant, moderately negative relationship was found between physical performance and frailty that correlated with three potential mediating factors. The path indicated that lower physical performance scores and higher depression scores are more likely to be associated with frailty. Conclusion Older adults who are depressed are more likely to become frail. Adults who are more socially active and report greater well-being are less likely to become frail. Therefore, further research should design and test a comprehensive intervention for older adults in community settings that addresses all three factors, aimed at increasing well-being and social activity while also treating depression.
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Penton H, Dayson C, Hulme C, Young T. A Qualitative Investigation of Older Adults' Conceptualization of Quality of Life and a Think-Aloud Content Validation of the EQ-5D-5L, SF-12v2, Warwick Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale, and Office of National Statistics-4. VALUE IN HEALTH : THE JOURNAL OF THE INTERNATIONAL SOCIETY FOR PHARMACOECONOMICS AND OUTCOMES RESEARCH 2022; 25:2017-2027. [PMID: 35760713 DOI: 10.1016/j.jval.2022.04.1735] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2021] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Old age is characterized by declining health, comorbidities, and increasing health and social care service use. Traditionally, patient-reported outcome measures (PROMs) including the EQ-5D-5L and SF-12v2 have focused on health. Nevertheless, aged care often aims to improve broader elements of quality of life (QoL), captured by well-being measures, such as the Warwick Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale (WEMWBS) and Office of National Statistics-4 (ONS-4). This study investigates older adults' conceptualization of QoL and the content validity of the EQ-5D-5L, SF-12v2, WEMWBS, and ONS-4 in measuring their QoL. METHODS Qualitative cognitive think-aloud interviews were undertaken with older adults aged 75+, exploring their views on what was important to QoL and, for each measure, the relevance, acceptability, and interpretation of items; suitability of response options; and the comprehensiveness of the measure. Conceptualization of QoL was analyzed thematically and content validity using framework analysis. RESULTS Twenty interviews were undertaken. Older adults' conceptualization of QoL centered on health, ability to perform usual activities, social contact, and emotional functioning. Possible response shift was observed, as older adults assessed their health relative to lower health expectations at their age or to people in worse states. Participants questioned the relevance of negatively phrased mental items and often preferred the functioning-focused EQ-5D-5L to more subjective ONS-4 and WEMWBS items. Domains suggested to improve comprehensiveness included social contact, coping, security, dignity, and control. CONCLUSIONS These findings are useful to researchers developing new PROMs for older adults or for the developers of included PROMs considering permanently adapting or bolting-on domains to improve content validity in older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Penton
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, England, UK.
| | - Christopher Dayson
- Centre for Regional Economic and Social Research, Advanced Wellbeing Research Centre, Sheffield, England, UK
| | - Claire Hulme
- Institute of Health Research, South Cloisters, University of Exeter, Exeter, England, UK
| | - Tracey Young
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, England, UK
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Bann D, Wright L, Cole TJ. Risk factors relate to the variability of health outcomes as well as the mean: A GAMLSS tutorial. eLife 2022; 11:72357. [PMID: 34985412 PMCID: PMC8791632 DOI: 10.7554/elife.72357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 01/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: Risk factors or interventions may affect the variability as well as the mean of health outcomes. Understanding this can aid aetiological understanding and public health translation, in that interventions which shift the outcome mean and reduce variability are typically preferable to those which affect only the mean. However, most commonly used statistical tools do not test for differences in variability. Tools that do have few epidemiological applications to date, and fewer applications still have attempted to explain their resulting findings. We thus provide a tutorial for investigating this using GAMLSS (Generalised Additive Models for Location, Scale and Shape). Methods: The 1970 British birth cohort study was used, with body mass index (BMI; N = 6007) and mental wellbeing (Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale; N = 7104) measured in midlife (42–46 years) as outcomes. We used GAMLSS to investigate how multiple risk factors (sex, childhood social class, and midlife physical inactivity) related to differences in health outcome mean and variability. Results: Risk factors were related to sizable differences in outcome variability—for example males had marginally higher mean BMI yet 28% lower variability; lower social class and physical inactivity were each associated with higher mean and higher variability (6.1% and 13.5% higher variability, respectively). For mental wellbeing, gender was not associated with the mean while males had lower variability (–3.9%); lower social class and physical inactivity were each associated with lower mean yet higher variability (7.2% and 10.9% higher variability, respectively). Conclusions: The results highlight how GAMLSS can be used to investigate how risk factors or interventions may influence the variability in health outcomes. This underutilised approach to the analysis of continuously distributed outcomes may have broader utility in epidemiologic, medical, and psychological sciences. A tutorial and replication syntax is provided online to facilitate this (https://osf.io/5tvz6/). Funding: DB is supported by the Economic and Social Research Council (grant number ES/M001660/1), The Academy of Medical Sciences / Wellcome Trust (“Springboard Health of the Public in 2040” award: HOP001/1025); DB and LW are supported by the Medical Research Council (MR/V002147/1). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.
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Affiliation(s)
- David Bann
- Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Social Research Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Liam Wright
- Centre for Longitudinal Studies, Social Research Institute, University College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Tim J Cole
- Great Ormond Street Institute of Child Health, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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Lee YJ, Braun KL, Wu YY, Burrage R, Muneoka S, Browne C, Mokuau NK, Terada TM, Hossain MD. Physical Activity and Health Among Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander Older Adults. J Aging Health 2021; 34:120-129. [PMID: 34376094 DOI: 10.1177/08982643211032468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Native Hawaiian and other Pacific Islander (NHPI) older adults often experience social disadvantages and poor health outcomes. Physical activity has been associated with better health in other racial groups, but limited studies have examined these associations in NHPI older adults. Methods: Using data from the 2014 Native Hawaiian and Pacific Islander National Health Interview Survey (n = 1,045), logistic regression models examined associations between physical activity and memory/psychological distress/self-rated health. Results: Sufficient levels of physical activity were associated with lower odds of memory problems, serious psychological distress, and poor/fair self-rated health. Unfortunately, only half of the sample reported sufficient physical activity and approximately 30% reported none. Also, 78% of the sample was estimated to be overweight/obese, and 29% had diabetes. Discussion: Culturally-appropriate interventions are recommended to increase physical activity in this population, which could also help reduce high rates of overweight/obesity and diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeonjung J Lee
- Thompson School of Social Work & Public Health, 3939University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Kathryn L Braun
- Thompson School of Social Work & Public Health, 3939University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Yan Yan Wu
- Thompson School of Social Work & Public Health, 3939University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Rachel Burrage
- Thompson School of Social Work & Public Health, 3939University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Shelley Muneoka
- Thompson School of Social Work & Public Health, 3939University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Colette Browne
- Thompson School of Social Work & Public Health, 3939University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Noreen K Mokuau
- Thompson School of Social Work & Public Health, 3939University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Tyran M Terada
- Thompson School of Social Work & Public Health, 3939University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
| | - Mohammad D Hossain
- Thompson School of Social Work & Public Health, 3939University of Hawai'i at Mānoa, Honolulu, HI, USA
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Chen ST, Stevinson C, Yang CH, Sun WJ, Chen LJ, Ku PW. Cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of outdoor walking with overall mental health in later life. Exp Gerontol 2021; 151:111428. [PMID: 34052347 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2021.111428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2021] [Revised: 05/25/2021] [Accepted: 05/26/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to examine the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations of three walking parameters (frequency, duration, and intensity) with overall mental health in older adults. METHODS A cross-sectional survey was conducted in 2014 with 1255 community-dwelling older adults aged 65 years and older in Taipei, Taiwan. Among them, 408 participants completed the one-year follow-up survey in 2015. Self-reported outdoor walking during the past 7 days was measured by asking the frequency, duration, and intensity. Metabolic equivalent (MET) values (<2.5, 2.5-<3.5, 3.5-<4.5, and ≥4.5 MET) were assigned to the four levels of speed (slow pace, average, brisk, and fast pace) based on the average walking distance per minute. Overall mental health was assessed using the Five-item Brief Symptom Rating Scale (BSRS-5). Multivariable linear regression models were conducted to explore the cross-sectional and longitudinal associations between outdoor walking and overall mental health, adjusting for socio-demographic factors, lifestyle behaviors, comorbidity and health status. RESULTS Among the walking parameters, only walking intensity emerged as a significant predictor of subsequent overall mental health. Multivariable regression analysis showed that light-to-moderate intensity (approximately 2.5-<4.5 METs) was significantly associated with better overall mental health at 12-month follow-up. CONCLUSIONS Outdoor walking at light-to-moderate intensity is prospectively associated with better overall mental health in later life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-Ti Chen
- Department of Tourism, Recreation, and Leisure Studies, National Dong Hwa University, Hualien, Taiwan
| | - Clare Stevinson
- School of Sport, Exercise, and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Leicestershire, United Kingdom
| | - Chih-Hsiang Yang
- Arnold School of Public Health, Department of Exercise Science, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Wen-Jun Sun
- Family Medicine Department, Taipei City, Hospital Zhongxing Branch, Taiwan
| | - Li-Jung Chen
- Department of Exercise Health Science, National Taiwan University of Sport, Taichung, Taiwan.
| | - Po-Wen Ku
- Graduate Institute of Sports and Health, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua, Taiwan; Department of Kinesiology, National Tsing Hua University, Taiwan.
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Trabelsi K, Ammar A, Masmoudi L, Boukhris O, Chtourou H, Bouaziz B, Brach M, Bentlage E, How D, Ahmed M, Mueller P, Mueller N, Hsouna H, Elghoul Y, Romdhani M, Hammouda O, Paineiras-Domingos LL, Braakman-Jansen A, Wrede C, Bastoni S, Pernambuco CS, Mataruna-Dos-Santos LJ, Taheri M, Irandoust K, Bragazzi NL, Strahler J, Washif JA, Andreeva A, Bailey SJ, Acton J, Mitchell E, Bott NT, Gargouri F, Chaari L, Batatia H, Khoshnami SC, Samara E, Zisi V, Sankar P, Ahmed WN, Ali GM, Abdelkarim O, Jarraya M, Abed KE, Moalla W, Souissi N, Aloui A, Souissi N, Gemert-Pijnen LV, Riemann BL, Riemann L, Delhey J, Gómez-Raja J, Epstein M, Sanderman R, Schulz S, Jerg A, Al-Horani R, Mansi T, Dergaa I, Jmail M, Barbosa F, Ferreira-Santos F, Šimunič B, Pišot R, Pišot S, Gaggioli A, Steinacker J, Zmijewski P, Apfelbacher C, Glenn JM, Khacharem A, Clark CC, Saad HB, Chamari K, Driss T, Hoekelmann A. Sleep Quality and Physical Activity as Predictors of Mental Wellbeing Variance in Older Adults during COVID-19 Lockdown: ECLB COVID-19 International Online Survey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:4329. [PMID: 33921852 PMCID: PMC8073845 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18084329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 84] [Impact Index Per Article: 28.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2021] [Revised: 04/15/2021] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The COVID-19 lockdown could engender disruption to lifestyle behaviors, thus impairing mental wellbeing in the general population. This study investigated whether sociodemographic variables, changes in physical activity, and sleep quality from pre- to during lockdown were predictors of change in mental wellbeing in quarantined older adults. METHODS A 12-week international online survey was launched in 14 languages on 6 April 2020. Forty-one research institutions from Europe, Western-Asia, North-Africa, and the Americas, promoted the survey. The survey was presented in a differential format with questions related to responses "pre" and "during" the lockdown period. Participants responded to the Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale, the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) questionnaire, and the short form of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. RESULTS Replies from older adults (aged >55 years, n = 517), mainly from Europe (50.1%), Western-Asia (6.8%), America (30%), and North-Africa (9.3%) were analyzed. The COVID-19 lockdown led to significantly decreased mental wellbeing, sleep quality, and total physical activity energy expenditure levels (all p < 0.001). Regression analysis showed that the change in total PSQI score and total physical activity energy expenditure (F(2, 514) = 66.41 p < 0.001) were significant predictors of the decrease in mental wellbeing from pre- to during lockdown (p < 0.001, R2: 0.20). CONCLUSION COVID-19 lockdown deleteriously affected physical activity and sleep patterns. Furthermore, change in the total PSQI score and total physical activity energy expenditure were significant predictors for the decrease in mental wellbeing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Khaled Trabelsi
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia; (K.T.); (L.M.); (O.B.); (H.C.); (H.H.); (Y.E.); (O.H.); (M.J.); (K.E.A.); (W.M.); (N.S.)
- Research Laboratory: Education, Motricity, Sport and Health, EM2S, LR19JS01, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
| | - Achraf Ammar
- Institute of Sport Science, Otto-Von-Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany;
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neurosciences, Physiology and Psychology: Physical Activity, Health and Learning (LINP2), UFR STAPS, UPL, Paris Nanterre University, 92000 Nanterre, France;
| | - Liwa Masmoudi
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia; (K.T.); (L.M.); (O.B.); (H.C.); (H.H.); (Y.E.); (O.H.); (M.J.); (K.E.A.); (W.M.); (N.S.)
- Research Laboratory: Education, Motricity, Sport and Health, EM2S, LR19JS01, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
| | - Omar Boukhris
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia; (K.T.); (L.M.); (O.B.); (H.C.); (H.H.); (Y.E.); (O.H.); (M.J.); (K.E.A.); (W.M.); (N.S.)
- Physical Activity, Sport, and Health, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sport, Tunis 1003, Tunisia; (M.R.); (A.A.); (N.S.)
| | - Hamdi Chtourou
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia; (K.T.); (L.M.); (O.B.); (H.C.); (H.H.); (Y.E.); (O.H.); (M.J.); (K.E.A.); (W.M.); (N.S.)
- Physical Activity, Sport, and Health, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sport, Tunis 1003, Tunisia; (M.R.); (A.A.); (N.S.)
| | - Bassem Bouaziz
- Multimedia InfoRmation Systems and Advanced Computing Laboratory (MIRACL), Higher Institute of Computer Science and Multimedia of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia; (B.B.); (F.G.)
| | - Michael Brach
- Institute of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (M.B.); (E.B.); (D.H.); (M.A.)
| | - Ellen Bentlage
- Institute of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (M.B.); (E.B.); (D.H.); (M.A.)
| | - Daniella How
- Institute of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (M.B.); (E.B.); (D.H.); (M.A.)
| | - Mona Ahmed
- Institute of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Münster, 48149 Münster, Germany; (M.B.); (E.B.); (D.H.); (M.A.)
| | - Patrick Mueller
- Research Group Neuroprotection, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (P.M.); (N.M.)
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Otto-Von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Notger Mueller
- Research Group Neuroprotection, German Center for Neurodegenerative Diseases (DZNE), 39120 Magdeburg, Germany; (P.M.); (N.M.)
- Department of Neurology, Medical Faculty, Otto-Von-Guericke University, 39120 Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Hsen Hsouna
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia; (K.T.); (L.M.); (O.B.); (H.C.); (H.H.); (Y.E.); (O.H.); (M.J.); (K.E.A.); (W.M.); (N.S.)
- Physical Activity, Sport, and Health, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sport, Tunis 1003, Tunisia; (M.R.); (A.A.); (N.S.)
| | - Yousri Elghoul
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia; (K.T.); (L.M.); (O.B.); (H.C.); (H.H.); (Y.E.); (O.H.); (M.J.); (K.E.A.); (W.M.); (N.S.)
- Research Laboratory: Education, Motricity, Sport and Health, EM2S, LR19JS01, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia
| | - Mohamed Romdhani
- Physical Activity, Sport, and Health, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sport, Tunis 1003, Tunisia; (M.R.); (A.A.); (N.S.)
| | - Omar Hammouda
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia; (K.T.); (L.M.); (O.B.); (H.C.); (H.H.); (Y.E.); (O.H.); (M.J.); (K.E.A.); (W.M.); (N.S.)
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neurosciences, Physiology and Psychology: Physical Activity, Health and Learning (LINP2), UFR STAPS, UPL, Paris Nanterre University, 92000 Nanterre, France;
| | - Laisa Liane Paineiras-Domingos
- Programa de Pós-graduação em Ciências Médicas, Faculdade de Ciências Médicas, Universidade do Estado do Rio de Janeiro, Rio de Janeiro 20550-170, Brazil;
- Departamento de Fisioterapia, Faculdade Bezerra de Araújo, Rio de Janeiro 23052-180, Brazil
| | - Annemarie Braakman-Jansen
- Department of Psychology, Health & Technology, University of Twente, 7522 Enschede, The Netherlands; (A.B.-J.); (C.W.); (S.B.); (L.V.G.-P.)
| | - Christian Wrede
- Department of Psychology, Health & Technology, University of Twente, 7522 Enschede, The Netherlands; (A.B.-J.); (C.W.); (S.B.); (L.V.G.-P.)
| | - Sofia Bastoni
- Department of Psychology, Health & Technology, University of Twente, 7522 Enschede, The Netherlands; (A.B.-J.); (C.W.); (S.B.); (L.V.G.-P.)
- Department of Psychology, Università Cattolica del Sacro Cuore, 20123 Milano, Italy
| | - Carlos Soares Pernambuco
- Laboratório de Fisiologia do Exercício, Estácio de Sá University, Rio de Janeiro 20261-063, Brasil;
| | | | - Morteza Taheri
- Faculty of Social Science, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin 34148-96818, Iran; (M.T.); (K.I.)
| | - Khadijeh Irandoust
- Faculty of Social Science, Imam Khomeini International University, Qazvin 34148-96818, Iran; (M.T.); (K.I.)
| | - Nicola L. Bragazzi
- Department of Health Sciences, Postgraduate School of Public Health, University of Genoa, 16132 Genoa, Italy;
- Laboratory for Industrial and Applied Mathematics, Department of Mathematics and Statistics, York University, 4700 Keele Street, Toronto, ON M3J 1P3, Canada
| | - Jana Strahler
- Department of Psychology and Sport Science, University of Gießen, 35394 Gießen, Germany;
| | - Jad Adrian Washif
- Sports Performance Division, National Sports Institute of Malaysia, Kuala Lumpur 57000, Malaysia;
| | - Albina Andreeva
- Department of Sports Biomechanics, Moscow Center of Advanced Sport Technologies, 129272 Moscow, Russia;
| | - Stephen J. Bailey
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough E11 3TU, UK; (S.J.B.); (J.A.); (E.M.)
| | - Jarred Acton
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough E11 3TU, UK; (S.J.B.); (J.A.); (E.M.)
| | - Emma Mitchell
- School of Sport, Exercise and Health Sciences, Loughborough University, Loughborough E11 3TU, UK; (S.J.B.); (J.A.); (E.M.)
| | - Nicholas T. Bott
- Clinical Excellence Research Center, Department of Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, Stanford, CA 94305, USA;
| | - Faiez Gargouri
- Multimedia InfoRmation Systems and Advanced Computing Laboratory (MIRACL), Higher Institute of Computer Science and Multimedia of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia; (B.B.); (F.G.)
| | - Lotfi Chaari
- Computer Science Department, University of Toulouse, IRIT-INP-ENSEEIHT (UMR 5505), BP 7122 Toulouse, France; (L.C.); (H.B.)
| | - Hadj Batatia
- Computer Science Department, University of Toulouse, IRIT-INP-ENSEEIHT (UMR 5505), BP 7122 Toulouse, France; (L.C.); (H.B.)
| | | | | | - Vasiliki Zisi
- Department of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, University of Thessaly, 421 00 Trikala, Greece;
| | - Parasanth Sankar
- Consultant in Internal Medicine and Diabetes, MGM Muthoot Hospitals Pathanamthitta, Kerala 689645, India;
| | - Waseem N. Ahmed
- Consultant Family Physician, CRAFT Hospital and Research Centre, Kodungallur, Kerala 680664, India;
| | - Gamal Mohamed Ali
- Faculty of Physical Education, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt; (G.M.A.); (O.A.)
| | - Osama Abdelkarim
- Faculty of Physical Education, Assiut University, Assiut 71515, Egypt; (G.M.A.); (O.A.)
- Institute for Sports and Sports Science, Karlsruher Institut für Technologie, 76131 Karlsruher, Germany
| | - Mohamed Jarraya
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia; (K.T.); (L.M.); (O.B.); (H.C.); (H.H.); (Y.E.); (O.H.); (M.J.); (K.E.A.); (W.M.); (N.S.)
| | - Kais El Abed
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia; (K.T.); (L.M.); (O.B.); (H.C.); (H.H.); (Y.E.); (O.H.); (M.J.); (K.E.A.); (W.M.); (N.S.)
| | - Wassim Moalla
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia; (K.T.); (L.M.); (O.B.); (H.C.); (H.H.); (Y.E.); (O.H.); (M.J.); (K.E.A.); (W.M.); (N.S.)
| | - Nafaa Souissi
- High Institute of Sport and Physical Education of Sfax, University of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia; (K.T.); (L.M.); (O.B.); (H.C.); (H.H.); (Y.E.); (O.H.); (M.J.); (K.E.A.); (W.M.); (N.S.)
| | - Asma Aloui
- Physical Activity, Sport, and Health, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sport, Tunis 1003, Tunisia; (M.R.); (A.A.); (N.S.)
| | - Nizar Souissi
- Physical Activity, Sport, and Health, UR18JS01, National Observatory of Sport, Tunis 1003, Tunisia; (M.R.); (A.A.); (N.S.)
| | - Lisette Van Gemert-Pijnen
- Department of Psychology, Health & Technology, University of Twente, 7522 Enschede, The Netherlands; (A.B.-J.); (C.W.); (S.B.); (L.V.G.-P.)
| | - Bryan L. Riemann
- Department of Health Sciences and Kinesiology, Georgia Southern University, Statesboro, GA 30458, USA;
| | | | - Jan Delhey
- Institute of Social Science, Otto-Von-Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany;
| | - Jonathan Gómez-Raja
- FundeSalud, Department of Health and Social Services, Government of Extremadura, 06800 Merida, Spain;
| | | | - Robbert Sanderman
- Department of Health Psychology, University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, 9712 Groningen, The Netherlands;
| | - Sebastian Schulz
- Sports- and Rehabilitation Medicine, Ulm University Hospital, Leimgrubenweg 14, 89075 Ulm, Germany; (S.S.); (A.J.); (J.S.)
| | - Achim Jerg
- Sports- and Rehabilitation Medicine, Ulm University Hospital, Leimgrubenweg 14, 89075 Ulm, Germany; (S.S.); (A.J.); (J.S.)
| | - Ramzi Al-Horani
- Department of Exercise Science, Yarmouk University, Irbid 21163, Jordan;
| | - Taysir Mansi
- Faculty of Physical Education, The University of Jordan, Amman 11942, Jordan;
| | - Ismail Dergaa
- PHCC, Primary Health Care Corporation, Doha 3050, Qatar;
| | - Mohamed Jmail
- Digital Research Centre of Sfax, Sfax 3000, Tunisia;
| | - Fernando Barbosa
- Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (F.B.); (F.F.-S.)
| | - Fernando Ferreira-Santos
- Laboratory of Neuropsychophysiology, Faculty of Psychology and Education Sciences, University of Porto, 4200-135 Porto, Portugal; (F.B.); (F.F.-S.)
| | - Boštjan Šimunič
- Institute for Kinesiology Research, Science and Research Centre Koper, Garibaldijeva 1, 6000 Koper, Slovenia; (B.Š.); (R.P.); (S.P.)
| | - Rado Pišot
- Institute for Kinesiology Research, Science and Research Centre Koper, Garibaldijeva 1, 6000 Koper, Slovenia; (B.Š.); (R.P.); (S.P.)
| | - Saša Pišot
- Institute for Kinesiology Research, Science and Research Centre Koper, Garibaldijeva 1, 6000 Koper, Slovenia; (B.Š.); (R.P.); (S.P.)
| | - Andrea Gaggioli
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart I UNICATT, 20123 Milano, Italy;
| | - Jürgen Steinacker
- Sports- and Rehabilitation Medicine, Ulm University Hospital, Leimgrubenweg 14, 89075 Ulm, Germany; (S.S.); (A.J.); (J.S.)
| | - Piotr Zmijewski
- Faculty of Physical Education, Jozef Pilsudski University of Physical Education in Warsaw, 00-809 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Christian Apfelbacher
- Institute for Social Medicine and Health Economy, Otto-Von-Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany;
| | - Jordan M. Glenn
- Exercise Science Research Center, Department of Health, Human Performance and Recreation, University of Arkansas, Fayetteville, AR 72701, USA;
| | - Aïmen Khacharem
- UVHC, DeVisu, Valenciennes, LIRTES-EA 7313, Université Paris Est Créteil Val de Marne, 94000 Creteil, France;
| | - Cain C.T. Clark
- Centre for Intelligent Healthcare, Coventry University, Coventry CV1 5FB, UK;
| | - Helmi Ben Saad
- Hôpital Farhat HACHED de Sousse, Laboratoire de Recherche “Insuffisance Cardiaque”, Université de Sousse, Sousse LR12SP09, Tunisie;
| | - Karim Chamari
- ASPETAR, Qatar Orthopaedic and Sports Medicine Hospital, Doha 29222, Qatar;
- Laboratory “Sport Performance Optimization”, (CNMSS), ISSEP Ksar-Said, Manouba University, Manouba 2010, Tunisia
| | - Tarak Driss
- Interdisciplinary Laboratory in Neurosciences, Physiology and Psychology: Physical Activity, Health and Learning (LINP2), UFR STAPS, UPL, Paris Nanterre University, 92000 Nanterre, France;
| | - Anita Hoekelmann
- Institute of Sport Science, Otto-Von-Guericke University, 39106 Magdeburg, Germany;
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11
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Liao YH, Kao TW, Peng TC, Chang YW. Gender differences in the association between physical activity and health-related quality of life among community-dwelling elders. Aging Clin Exp Res 2021; 33:901-908. [PMID: 32462499 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-020-01597-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2019] [Accepted: 05/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity can improve health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in older adults. However, the differential effects of gender on quality of life are unclear. AIMS To determine the association between physical activity and HRQoL in men and women. METHODS This was a cross-sectional study conducted from March to August 2011. Community-dwelling older people aged 65 years or older were eligible. Physical activity in kcal per week was measured with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ)-Taiwan version. HRQoL was measured with the 36-Item Short Form Survey (SF-36) questionnaire. Cognitive function and depression were assessed using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) and Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9). The relationship between physical activity and HRQoL in men and women was investigated by a multiple linear regression model. RESULTS A total of 188 older people (M: 50.5%) participated in this study. The mean ages of men and women were 71.9 ± 5.3 and 77.1 ± 6.4 years, respectively (p < 0.001). Older women had higher physical activity levels than men (4786.1 ± 1065.6 vs 4422.2 ± 1114.3 kcal/week, p = 0.023). After adjusting for covariates, multiple linear regression analysis showed that older men with higher physical activity levels had better scores on both the physical component summary (PCS) (p = 0.031) and mental component summary (MCS) (p = 0.007) than men with lower levels. Furthermore, older men with higher moderate-vigorous physical activity levels had better scores on the PCS than older men with lower activity levels, and older men with higher walking physical activity levels had better scores on the MCS than older men with lower activity levels. CONCLUSIONS In this study, older women were more physically active than older men. However, older men (but not older women) with higher physical activity had better HRQoL. The association between physical activity and HRQoL differed between men and women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Hsueh Liao
- Department of Family Medicine, Shuang Ho Hospital, Taipei Medical University, New Taipei City, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
- School of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Tung-Wei Kao
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Tao-Chun Peng
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan (R.O.C.)
| | - Yaw-Wen Chang
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, Taipei City, Taiwan (R.O.C.).
- School of Medicine, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei City, Taiwan (R.O.C.).
- Division of Geriatric Medicine, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, Number 325, Section 2, Chang-Gong Rd, Nei-Hu District, 114, Taipei City, Taiwan (R.O.C.).
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12
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Castells-Sánchez A, Roig-Coll F, Dacosta-Aguayo R, Lamonja-Vicente N, Sawicka AK, Torán-Monserrat P, Pera G, Montero-Alía P, Heras-Tebar A, Domènech S, Via M, Erickson KI, Mataró M. Exercise and Fitness Neuroprotective Effects: Molecular, Brain Volume and Psychological Correlates and Their Mediating Role in Healthy Late-Middle-Aged Women and Men. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:615247. [PMID: 33776741 PMCID: PMC7989549 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.615247] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Although exercise is known to have a neuroprotective effect in aging, the mediators underlying the exercise-cognition association remain poorly understood. In this paper we aimed to study the molecular, brain, and behavioral changes related to physical activity and their potential role as mediators. Methods: We obtained demographic, physical activity outcomes [sportive physical activity and cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF)], plasma biomarkers (TNF-α, ICAM-1, HGF, SDF1-α, and BDNF), structural-MRI (brain volume areas), psychological and sleep health (mood, depressive and distress symptoms, and sleep quality), and multi-domain cognitive data from 115 adults aged 50-70 years. We conducted linear regression models and mediation analyses stratifying results by sex in a final sample of 104 individuals [65 women (age = 56.75 ± 4.96) and 39 men (age = 58.59 ± 5.86)]. Results: Women engaging in greater amounts of exercising showed lower TNF-α levels and greater dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and temporal lobe volumes. Men engaging in greater amounts of exercise showed greater temporal lobe volumes. CRF levels were not related to any of the analyzed outcomes in women but in men higher CRF was associated with lower TNF-α, HGF and ventricle volumes, greater volume of temporal and parietal lobes and fewer depressive symptoms and better mood. In men, reduced TNF-α and HGF levels mediated brain and cognitive CRF-related benefits. Conclusion: Our results show that exercise is a promising approach for influencing inflammation and brain volume and also contributes to ongoing discussions about the physiological mediators for the association between CRF and cognition in men.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alba Castells-Sánchez
- Departament of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Francesca Roig-Coll
- Departament of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Rosalia Dacosta-Aguayo
- Departament of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Noemí Lamonja-Vicente
- Departament of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Recerca Pediàtrica Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Angelika K Sawicka
- Applied Cognitive Neuroscience Lab, Department of Human Physiology, Medical University of Gdansk, Gdansk, Poland
| | - Pere Torán-Monserrat
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Metropolitana Nord, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP Jordi Gol), Mataró, Spain
| | - Guillem Pera
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Metropolitana Nord, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP Jordi Gol), Mataró, Spain
| | - Pilar Montero-Alía
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Metropolitana Nord, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP Jordi Gol), Mataró, Spain
| | - Antonio Heras-Tebar
- Unitat de Suport a la Recerca Metropolitana Nord, Institut Universitari d'Investigació en Atenció Primària Jordi Gol (IDIAP Jordi Gol), Mataró, Spain
| | - Sira Domènech
- Institut de Diagnòstic per la Imatge, Hospital Universitari Germans Trias i Pujol, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marc Via
- Departament of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Recerca Pediàtrica Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
| | - Kirk I Erickson
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, United States
| | - Maria Mataró
- Departament of Clinical Psychology and Psychobiology, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Neurociències, University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.,Institut de Recerca Pediàtrica Hospital Sant Joan de Déu, Esplugues de Llobregat, Spain
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13
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Pandya SP. Meditation program mitigates loneliness and promotes wellbeing, life satisfaction and contentment among retired older adults: a two-year follow-up study in four South Asian cities. Aging Ment Health 2021; 25:286-298. [PMID: 31755300 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2019.1691143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the impact of a meditation program in mitigating loneliness and promoting wellbeing, life satisfaction and contentment among retired South Asian older adults. METHOD Intervention group older adults (IN2 =166) underwent weekly classes of the customized meditation program for 2 years as compared to the control group (CN2 =157) who underwent no intervention. Four scales were used to measure the outcomes: De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale (six-items), Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale, Satisfaction with Life Scale and Contentment with Life Assessment Scale. RESULTS There were significant mean differences in the post-test scores on loneliness, wellbeing, life satisfaction and contentment outcomes of the intervention group, with high observed effect sizes (Cohen's d range = 2.43-8.78, p≤.01). The intervention group older adults reported that they were less lonely and experienced greater wellbeing, life satisfaction and contentment post-test (ηp2 =.71-.78, p≤.01). Within the intervention cohort, post-test scores were higher for men, Hindus, middle class, married, living with spouse/children/kin, with acquired treatable lifestyle ailments, who attended 76-100 meditation lessons and regularly practiced at home. Results of the hierarchical regression models indicated that home practice was the strongest predictor explaining 17% (±.82%) variation in the outcomes. The structural equation models indicated that meditation lessons attended and home practice mediated the relationship between demographic variables and outcomes. CONCLUSION The customized meditation program is an effective loneliness-mitigating intervention for retired older adults. Identifying social cognition as a function of loneliness, this intervention addresses negative thoughts and feelings associated with a mental perception of loneliness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samta P Pandya
- School of Social Work, Tata Institute of Social Sciences, Deonar, Mumbai, India
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14
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Relationship between different domains of physical activity and positive mental health among young adult men. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1116. [PMID: 32677931 PMCID: PMC7364501 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09175-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 06/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background There is growing evidence on positive effects of physical activity (PA) on mental health. However, the focus of previous research on this relationship has typically been on mental health from the perspective of mental health problems rather than from the perspective of mental wellbeing. Further, previous research has commonly focused rather on leisure time PA without evidence on the role of other domains of PA. The aim of the present cross-sectional study was to investigate the relationship between positive mental health (PMH) and different domains of PA in young Finnish men. The secondary aim was to examine the reasons for physical inactivity among individuals with a low level of PMH. Methods Positive mental health (measured with Short Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Scale, SWEMWBS), self-reported leisure time, occupational and commuting PA as well as reasons for physical inactivity were measured using questionnaires (n = 456, mean age 29 years) among young Finnish males. Logistic regression modelling was used to generate odds for low and high levels of positive mental health for different levels of PA and sociodemographic variables. Results A weak positive association between leisure time PA and PMH was found in men with a low level of PMH (OR = 0.33, 95% CI 0.13–0.86). No association was found in the domains of commuting and occupational PA. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed lower level of leisure time PA, unemployment and being single independently predicting low level of PMH. No associations were found between any domains of PA and high level of PMH. The most common reasons for physical inactivity among men with a low level of PMH were lack of interest (28%) and unwillingness to practise sports alone (27%). Conclusions The relationship between physical activity and positive mental health seems to vary between different domains of physical activity. The findings highlight the important role of leisure time physical activity, particularly in men with a low level of positive mental health. Strategies aimed at increasing physical activity for mental health benefits should focus particularly on providing opportunities for leisure time physical activity involving social interactions for men with lower mental wellbeing.
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15
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The Impact of Health Consciousness on the Association Between Walking Durations and Mental Health Conditions After a Disaster: a Cross-Sectional Study. SPORTS MEDICINE-OPEN 2020; 6:30. [PMID: 32676856 PMCID: PMC7366311 DOI: 10.1186/s40798-020-00259-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2020] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Background In communities affected by a disaster, walking can be a feasible form of physical exercise to improve physical and mental health conditions. However, there is limited evidence to support relationships between walking habits and mental health conditions in post-disaster settings. Cross-sectional epidemiological data obtained from a questionnaire survey (conducted in October 2017) of a community affected by the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake (GEJE) was analyzed to evaluate the relationships. Methods Participants included individuals over 20 years of age (N = 718) from Shichigahama town in Miyagi prefecture, whose houses were significantly damaged by the GEJE. Their mental health conditions were assessed by the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (K6), the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D), and the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R). Additionally, the questionnaire asked the participants spent duration walking on average and their walking purpose by the following items: (1) longer than 60 min per day, (2) between 30 and 60 min per day, or (3) less than 30 min per day, and whether they walked to maintain healthy living habits (health-conscious walkers) or merely for transportation without considering health consequences (non-health-conscious walkers). These information and mental health indicators were analyzed using analysis of covariance (ANCOVA). Results Among the three walking duration groups of health-conscious walkers, there were significant differences in CES-D and K6 scores (p = 0.01 and p = 0.04), but not in IES-R scores, considering age, gender, and alcohol drinking habits as covariates. CES-D score was significantly higher among short walkers (p = 0.004). Among the three walking duration groups of non-health-conscious walkers, there were significant differences in avoidance symptoms, the subdomain of IES-R (p = 0.01), but not in CES-D, K6, and total IES-R scores, considering the variants. Conclusion Our study suggests that walking durations may positively affect mood, but not PTSR, only when walking is performed with the purpose of maintaining healthy living habits. Walking durations were negatively associated with avoidance symptoms among non-health-conscious walkers in the community affected by the GEJE, indicating that the disaster may have had a long-lasting impact on walking habits.
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16
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Difference in the risk of depressive symptoms associated with physical activity in persons with diabetes: Across age, gender, and race/ethnicity. J Affect Disord 2020; 269:108-116. [PMID: 32250863 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2020.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2019] [Revised: 03/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/18/2020] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND To investigate the link between depressive symptoms and physical activity (PA) by examining their association across genders, age, and race/ethnicity. METHODS Data of the cross-sectional study were from the 2011 and 2015 Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System. The Patient Health Questionnaire-8, a well-validated instrument to measure depressive symptoms was used. PA was categorized as active, moderately active, and inactive. A generalized linear model specified with a Poisson distribution and log link was performed to investigate the association between depressive symptoms and PA across population characteristics. RESULTS No significant association between PA and depressive symptoms between genders and across racial/ethnic groups was found. Persons aged 65 years or older showed a significantly lower risk of depressive symptoms than those below 45 years when physically active (Adjusted Prevalence Ratio (APR) 0.36, 95% CI = 0.16-0.82) and moderately active (APR 0.39, 95% CI = 0.16-0.98). LIMITATIONS The study included only leisure-time PA. Well-designed surveys that reflect a wider scope of PA are needed to strengthen the analysis. CONCLUSIONS Compared to younger adults, older adults may gain further health benefits in reducing the risk of depressive symptoms by being physically active. Similar health benefits may be gained from PA between genders and between racial/ethnic groups. The different association between PA and depressive symptoms provides practical implications for the effective management of depressive symptoms in persons with diabetes.
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Tweed LM, Rogers EN, Kinnafick FE. Literature on peer-based community physical activity programmes for mental health service users: a scoping review. Health Psychol Rev 2020; 15:287-313. [PMID: 31937185 DOI: 10.1080/17437199.2020.1715812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Physical activity is a key determinant of mental health; community programmes aim to increase health and well-being on a community wide scale with emphasis on social interaction. Regular physical activity participation in community settings yields additional social benefits, such as peer support. This scoping review aimed to explore existing literature that has included peer support as a component of community-based physical activity programmes for MHSU. Published literature was examined using electronic databases (SportDiscus, Web of Science, MEDLINE, and PsycINFO), reference lists, and hand searching of journals. Thirteen eligible articles included; adults aged 18 and over, a peer support component, physical activity and/or sport, participants with mental health diagnoses and were community-based. Research published between 2007 and 2019, peer-reviewed and written in English was included. Nine studies found a significant increase in perceived social support, seven studies reported increased mental wellbeing and five studies reported increased physical activity levels. Effectiveness of reviewed programmes were categorised as; overall improvements in physical activity levels, improvements to mental health, exercise related psychosocial benefits, knowledge relating to self-care, and improved social connections. Community-based physical activity programmes produced psychosocial benefits and positive behaviour change for MHSU, warranting greater focus towards implementing effective peer support into community programmes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lorna M Tweed
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Eva N Rogers
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
| | - Florence-E Kinnafick
- School of Sport and Exercise Sciences, National Centre for Sport and Exercise Medicine, Loughborough University, Loughborough, UK
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18
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Font-Jutglà C, Mur Gimeno E, Bort Roig J, Gomes da Silva M, Milà Villarroel R. [Effects of mild intensity physical activity on the physical condition of older adults: A systematic review]. Rev Esp Geriatr Gerontol 2019; 55:98-106. [PMID: 31883638 DOI: 10.1016/j.regg.2019.10.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2019] [Revised: 09/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/21/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Physical activity can improve function in people over 65. The aim of the study was to evaluate the efficacy of mild intensity exercise interventions on the functional health and quality of life of this population. A systematic review was conducted using WOS (n=20), Scopus (n=235), PubMed (n=15), and PEDro (n=20) databases. Eight studies met the inclusion criteria. Six hundred and nineteen subjects with an age range of 60-103 years were evaluated. Interventions included endurance, aerobic, and vibration exercises. Those who used pedometers, telephone calls and follow-up controls showed positive effects in increasing physical activity. Five studies evaluated strength and showed that increasing strength also improved balance and walking speed. The results indicate that applying mild intensity physical activity interventions is a way of ensuring improved functional health and quality of life in older people.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Esther Mur Gimeno
- Escola Superior de Ciències de la Salut, TecnoCampus Mataró-Maresme, Mataró, Barcelona, España
| | - Judit Bort Roig
- Universitat de Vic-Universitat Central de Catalunya, Vic, Barcelona, España
| | | | - Raimon Milà Villarroel
- Facultat de Ciències de la Salut Blanquerna, Universitat Ramon Llull (URL), Barcelona, España.
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19
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Do Older Adults with Multimorbidity Meet the Recommended Levels of Physical Activity? An Analysis of Scottish Health Survey. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16193748. [PMID: 31590293 PMCID: PMC6801591 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16193748] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Revised: 09/25/2019] [Accepted: 09/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
There is a positive association between physical activity (PA) and improved health in older adults. The objective of this study was to assess the prevalence and determinants of meeting recommended levels of PA among older adults with multimorbidity. Data has been derived from the nationally representative Scottish Health Surveys (2014–2017). A sub-sample of 2230 older adults (aged 65+) with multimorbidity were the study participants. Physical activity was evaluated using current recommended guidelines. Overall, 32.3% of the participants met the recommended levels of PA. Independent predictors of meeting the recommended levels of PA include male gender [odds ratio (OR) 2.00 (95% confidence interval (CI) 1.58–2.54)], living in the least deprived areas [OR 1.79 (95% CI 1.20–2.69)]; being a non-smoker [OR 2.22 (95% CI 1.48–3. 34)]. Also, meeting recommended PA decreased with age [OR 0.92 (95% CI 0.90–0.94)] and body mass index [OR 0.93 (95% CI 0.91–0.95]; but increased per additional portion of fruit and vegetables taken [OR 1.19 (95% CI 1.12–1.25)] and with increase in well-being scale score [OR 1.05 (95% CI 1.03 to 1.06)]. Adherence to PA guidelines seems to be more related to age, BMI, gender (i.e. higher PA adherence in men vs. women), social support (i.e. social deprivation), dietary habits (i.e. fruit and vegetable intake) and social isolation among the elderly. In the one-third of older population, adherence to PA was associated to better mental health. Therefore, adaptation of PA guideline to suit theses determinants factors would reduce the gap difference among older adults with multimorbidity and enhance their mental well-being.
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20
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Daily Bicycle and Pedestrian Activity as an Indicator of Disaster Recovery: A Hurricane Harvey Case Study. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 16:ijerph16162836. [PMID: 31398907 PMCID: PMC6721727 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph16162836] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2019] [Revised: 07/24/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Changes in levels and patterns of physical activity might be a mechanism to assess and inform disaster recovery through the lens of wellbeing. However, few studies have examined disaster impacts on physical activity or the potential for physical activity to serve as an indicator of disaster recovery. In this exploratory study, we examined daily bicycle and pedestrian counts from four public bicycle/pedestrian trails in Houston, before and after Hurricane Harvey landfall, to assess if physical activity returned to pre-Harvey levels. An interrupted time series analysis was conducted to examine the immediate impact of Harvey landfall on physical activity; t-tests were performed to assess if trail usage returned to pre-Harvey levels. Hurricane Harvey was found to have a significant negative impact on daily pedestrian and bicycle counts for three of the four trails. Daily pedestrian and bicycle counts were found to return to pre-Harvey or higher levels at 6 weeks post-landfall at all locations studied. We discuss the potential for further research to examine the trends, feasibility, validity, and limitations of using bicycle and pedestrian use levels as a proxy for disaster recovery and wellbeing among affected populations.
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Holahan CK, Holahan CJ, Chen YT, Li X. Leisure-time physical activity and affective experience in middle-aged and older women. J Women Aging 2019; 32:672-683. [DOI: 10.1080/08952841.2019.1607680] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Carole K. Holahan
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Charles J. Holahan
- Department of Psychology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Yen T. Chen
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Xiaoyin Li
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Education, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
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Zhong BL, Xu YM, Xie WX, Liu XJ. Quality of life of older Chinese adults receiving primary care in Wuhan, China: a multi-center study. PeerJ 2019; 7:e6860. [PMID: 31106067 PMCID: PMC6499053 DOI: 10.7717/peerj.6860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Quality of life (QOL) is an important primary care outcome, but the QOL of older adults treated in primary care is understudied in China. This study examined QOL and its associated factors in older adults treated in Chinese primary care. Methods A total of 752 older patients (65+ years) were consecutively recruited from 13 primary care centers in Wuhan, China, and interviewed with a standardized questionnaire, concerning socio-demographics, major medical conditions, loneliness, and depression. QOL and depression were measured with the Chinese six-item QOL questionnaire and the shortened Geriatric Depression Scale, respectively. Multiple linear regression was used to identify factors associated with poor QOL. Results The average QOL score of primary care older adults was (20.7 ± 2.5), significantly lower than that of the Chinese general population. Factors significantly associated with poor QOL of Chinese primary care older adults included engaging in manual labor before older adulthood (unstandardized coefficient [β]: −0.702, P < 0.001), no living adult children (β: −1.720, P = 0.001), physical inactivity (β: −0.696, P < 0.001), having ≥ four major medical conditions (β: −1.813, P < 0.001), hearing problem (β: −1.004, P = 0.017), depression (β: −1.153, P < 0.001), and loneliness (β: −1.396, P < 0.001). Conclusions Older adults treated in Chinese primary care have poorer QOL than the general population. Addressing psychosocial problems at Chinese primary care settings could be helpful in improving QOL in Chinese older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bao-Liang Zhong
- Research Center for Psychological and Health Sciences, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China.,Affiliated Wuhan Mental Health Center, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Yan-Min Xu
- Affiliated Wuhan Mental Health Center, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
| | - Wu-Xiang Xie
- Peking University Clinical Research Institute, Peking University Health Science Center, Beijing, China
| | - Xiu-Jun Liu
- Affiliated Wuhan Mental Health Center, Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science & Technology, Wuhan, Hubei Province, China
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23
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Dong A, Zhang X, Zhou H, Chen S, Zhao W, Wu M, Guo J, Guo W. Applicability and cross-cultural validation of the Chinese version of the Warwick-Edinburgh mental well-being scale in patients with chronic heart failure. Health Qual Life Outcomes 2019; 17:55. [PMID: 30922342 PMCID: PMC6440095 DOI: 10.1186/s12955-019-1120-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The mental well-being of patients with chronic heart failure is likely to influence their health-related quality of life and decrease the utilization of public health resources. This study assessed the mental well-being of patients with chronic heart failure and evaluated the reliability and validity of the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional survey from July 2016 to July 2017 among 191 patients with chronic heart failure, and examined psychometric properties of the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale, such as internal consistency, reliability, test-retest reliability, and factorial validity of the Chinese version of the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale. Results One-dimensional construct validity was demonstrated by confirmatory factor analysis. The psychometric properties of the Chinese version of the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale were satisfactory in our sample of patients with chronic heart failure. The internal consistency reliability was .948 and the test-retest reliability .925. The item-total correlations ranged from .405 to .872. There was a strong correlation (r = .79) between the Chinese version of the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale and the five-item World Health Organization Well-Being Index. The Chinese version of the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale appears acceptable for use in patients with chronic heart failure, and we were able to verify its reliability and validity with our sample. Conclusions The Chinese version of the Warwick-Edinburgh Mental Well-Being Scale is a reliable quantitative tool for evaluating mental well-being in patients with chronic heart failure in clinical settings, and this has important implications for overall assessments of mental well-being in patients with chronic heart failure. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12955-019-1120-2) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aishu Dong
- Emergency Department, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, College West Road 109, 0577, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiuxia Zhang
- Emergency Department, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, College West Road 109, 0577, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Haitao Zhou
- Cardiac Department, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, College West Road 109, 0577, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Siyi Chen
- Cardiac Department, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, College West Road 109, 0577, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Zhao
- Cardiac Department, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, College West Road 109, 0577, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Minmin Wu
- Cardiac Department, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, College West Road 109, 0577, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Junyi Guo
- Chemoradiotherapy Department, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, College West Road 109, 0577, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjian Guo
- Hematology Department, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, College West Road 109, 0577, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, People's Republic of China.
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24
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Briki W, Majed L. Adaptive Effects of Seeing Green Environment on Psychophysiological Parameters When Walking or Running. Front Psychol 2019; 10:252. [PMID: 30809177 PMCID: PMC6379348 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2019.00252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/25/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Several studies have investigated the influence of perceiving colors on affective outcomes and/or performance. However, the effects of seeing colors on self-selected behaviors have received little attention from physiologists and psychologists. Therefore, the present study aimed at examining whether exposure to green and red environments could influence affective judgments, perception of effort, heart rate, and gait speeds when walking and running at a self-selected pace. Participants were randomly assigned to one of the three experimental conditions: Green, red, or white (neutral) environment. The experimental task consisted in a 20-min trial of either walking (Study 1) or running (Study 2) at the most comfortable speed on a treadmill surrounded by three large HD TV screens displaying specific properties of the studied colors. Study 1 revealed that walking in a green environment induced a significant reduction in heart rate values as compared to the red and white conditions although no differences in gait speed were found. This corroborates the calming and relaxing effect of green on the human organism. Study 2 showed that running in a green environment was associated with an increased level of perceived exertion at similar speeds (compared to other color conditions), while exposure to red induced a significant decrease in the level of tension. In both studies, the preferred gait speed was not affected by the colored environment which is discussed in relation to the energy-conservation principle. Furthermore, both studies showed that performing a 20-min walk or run at preferred pace presented beneficial mood changes. Implications of the effects of self-selected exercise under colored environments on human functioning are addressed in the discussion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Walid Briki
- Sport Science Program, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
| | - Lina Majed
- Sport Science Program, College of Arts and Sciences, Qatar University, Doha, Qatar
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25
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Abstract
Research into the relationship between happiness and health is developing rapidly, exploring the possibility that impaired happiness is not only a consequence of ill-health but also a potential contributor to disease risk. Happiness encompasses several constructs, including affective well-being (feelings of joy and pleasure), eudaimonic well-being (sense of meaning and purpose in life), and evaluative well-being (life satisfaction). Happiness is generally associated with reduced mortality in prospective observational studies, albeit with several discrepant results. Confounding and reverse causation are major concerns. Associations with morbidity and disease prognosis have also been identified for a limited range of health conditions. The mechanisms potentially linking happiness with health include lifestyle factors, such as physical activity and dietary choice, and biological processes, involving neuroendocrine, inflammatory, and metabolic pathways. Interventions have yet to demonstrate substantial, sustained improvements in subjective well-being or direct impact on physical health outcomes. Nevertheless, this field shows great potential, with the promise of establishing a favorable effect on population health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew Steptoe
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, United Kingdom;
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26
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Gyasi RM. Social support, physical activity and psychological distress among community-dwelling older Ghanaians. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2018; 81:142-148. [PMID: 30590228 DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2018.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2018] [Revised: 11/03/2018] [Accepted: 11/18/2018] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Physical activity (PA) has often been linked with improved mental health outcomes among older people but the subject has received limited attention in sub-Saharan African context. This paper examines the moderating effect of social support (SS) on the association between PA and psychological distress (PD) among community-dwelling older persons in Ghana. METHODS Individuals 50 years or older (N = 1200) who participated in a 2016/2017 Aging, Health, Psychological Wellbeing and Health-seeking Behavior Study (AHPWHB) were included. PD outcome, measured by the Kessler Psychological Distress Scale (KPDS-K10) was regressed on PA levels, SS and the interaction term. RESULTS Findings suggest that regular PA (OR = 0.824; 95%CI: 0.610-0.913) and higher levels of SS (OR = 0.475; 95%CI: 0.360-0.626) were associated with reduced PD outcomes after adjusting for theoretically relevant confounding variables. More importantly, the inclusion of the interaction term (PA × SS) showed a significant negative relationship of regular PA with the PD outcome as SS levels increased (OR = 0.651; 95%CI: 0.376-0.727). CONCLUSIONS Although regular PA potentially contributes to reducing PD among older persons, the relationship is even stronger for those embedded in a higher constellation of SS. Policy and practical interventions seeking to improve regular PA engagement such as old-age friendly environment and psychological resources for socially isolated older persons are warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Razak M Gyasi
- African Population and Health Research Center (APHRC), Nairobi, Kenya; Center for Social Policy and Social Change, Lingnan University, Hong Kong.
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27
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Yang CH, Conroy DE. Feasibility of an Outdoor Mindful Walking Program for Reducing Negative Affect in Older Adults. J Aging Phys Act 2018; 27:1-10. [PMID: 29485332 DOI: 10.1123/japa.2017-0390] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Mindful walking has emerged as a potential intervention strategy to improve mental health and promote well-being in adult and clinical populations. This strategy has not been implemented specifically with older adults to date. This study evaluated the feasibility, acceptability, sustainability, and preliminary efficacy of a mindful walking program for reducing negative affect in older adults. Community-dwelling older adults (n = 29) completed a 1-month, outdoor mindful walking program distributed across eight 30-min sessions. Responses from postprogram and follow-up questionnaires revealed that mindful walking was well-accepted, highly valued, and maintained after the program ended. Analysis from the pre- and postwalk surveys also suggested the preliminary efficacy of a mindful walking program for reducing negative affect. Positive results identified in the current feasibility study indicate readiness for randomized controlled trials to further examine the efficacy and effectiveness of a mindful walking intervention for promoting health and well-being in older populations.
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28
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Eftekhari MB, Mirabzadeh A, Falahat K, Sajjadi H, Vameghi M, Harouni GG. Priorities of positive mental health promotion in the Iranian community: a qualitative study. Electron Physician 2018; 10:7120-7131. [PMID: 30128105 PMCID: PMC6092136 DOI: 10.19082/7120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Accepted: 05/03/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Positive Mental Health (PMH) enables people to cope with the common stresses of life and adversity to achieve their full potential and humanity. In many communities, promoting PMH via prioritized interventions has been considered as a key component of public health policies to optimize mental well-being. OBJECTIVE To set the priorities of interventional programs of Iranian PMH promotion according to the World Health Organization (WHO) Priority Public Health Condition (PPHC) analytical framework. METHODS This qualitative study was implemented in 2017 in Tehran, Iran and had two main phases. In a qualitative needs-assessment phase, needs of the community's PMH were collected through eight focus group discussions with a general population aged 30 to 60 years-old. In a priority-setting phase, the priorities of PMH were extracted through an expert panel consisting of mental health professionals and policy makers. Data gathering was implemented based on purposeful sampling according to inclusion criteria. Data were analyzed based on directional content analysis using Dedoose software version 7.6.6. RESULTS Fifty-one people and ten mental health professionals and policymakers participated in this study. The process of data analyzing, categorized PMH needs in 4 main categories, 15 subcategories and 46 codes. The four categories were financial security, social security, healthy lifestyle and promoting psychological factors. In the expert panel, first, the indicators of PMH priority setting were determined and then based on the priority public health condition analytical framework of the World Health Organization, the most important of PMH priority in each level was indicated as "creating job positions" in socioeconomic level, "providing proper working conditions" in differential exposure, "promoting practical life skills training" in the differential vulnerability, "easy and affordable access to mental health services" in differential healthcare outcome. CONCLUSION Appropriate policymaking and regulation at national level regarding employment, promoting working conditions, and reducing unemployment, promote community PMH as well as expanding accessible and affordable mental health services in the national healthcare system and empowering the community through providing practical life skill courses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monir Baradaran Eftekhari
- Ph.D. of Social Determinants of Health, Assistant Professor, Deputy for Research and Technology, Ministry of Health and Medical Education, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arash Mirabzadeh
- M.D., Psychiatrist, Professor, Social Determinants of Health Research Center and Department of Psychiatry, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Katayoun Falahat
- Ph.D. Student of Social Determinants of Health, Social Determinants of Health Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Homeira Sajjadi
- M.D., National Board in Community Medicine, Associate Professor, Social Welfare Management Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Meroe Vameghi
- M.D., Psychiatrist, Associate Professor, Social Welfare Management Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Gholamreza Ghaedamini Harouni
- Ph.D. of Social Welfare, Assistant Professor, Social Welfare Management Research Center, University of Social Welfare and Rehabilitation Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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29
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Kelly P, Williamson C, Niven AG, Hunter R, Mutrie N, Richards J. Walking on sunshine: scoping review of the evidence for walking and mental health. Br J Sports Med 2018; 52:800-806. [PMID: 29858467 DOI: 10.1136/bjsports-2017-098827] [Citation(s) in RCA: 95] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2017] [Revised: 03/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVES Walking has well-established positive relationships with, and effects on, physical health. In contrast, while poor mental health contributes substantially to global health burden, an overview of the benefits from walking has not previously been published. We aimed to scope the literature and present what is known, and highlight what is not known, about walking and mental health. METHODS Design: Scoping review. DATA SOURCES Ovid (Medline), ProQuest, Web of Science.Screening and reporting: 13 014 records were identified and screened by a team of researchers. Included full texts were analysed and reported according to mental health outcome. RESULTS For the 8 mental health outcomes (identified a priori), there were a total of 5 systematic reviews and 50 individual papers included. Depression had the most evidence and existing systematic reviews were reported. Evidence for anxiety, psychological stress, psychological well-being, subjective well-being and social isolation and loneliness varied in volume and effectiveness, but no harmful effects were identified. There were no studies for walking and resilience. The setting and context of walking seems to be important variables. CONCLUSION The evidence base that suggests walking benefits mental health is growing, but remains fragmented and incomplete for some important outcomes. Policy and national guidelines should promote the known mental health benefits of increased walking and future research should directly address the gaps we have identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul Kelly
- Physical Activity for Health Research Centre, Institute for Sport, Physical Education and Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Chloë Williamson
- Physical Activity for Health Research Centre, Institute for Sport, Physical Education and Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ailsa G Niven
- Physical Activity for Health Research Centre, Institute for Sport, Physical Education and Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | | | - Nanette Mutrie
- Physical Activity for Health Research Centre, Institute for Sport, Physical Education and Health Sciences, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Justin Richards
- Charles Perkins Centre & School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
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Zayed KN, Ahmed MD, Van Niekerk RL, Ho WKY. The mediating role of exercise behaviour on satisfaction with life, mental well-being and BMI among university employees. COGENT PSYCHOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1080/23311908.2018.1430716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Kashef N. Zayed
- Department of Physical Education, Sultan Qaboos University, Muscat, Oman
| | | | - Rudolph Leon Van Niekerk
- Department of Human Movement Sciences, College of Education, University of Fort Hare, Alice, South Africa
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31
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Herghelegiu AM, Moser A, Prada GI, Born S, Wilhelm M, Stuck AE. Effects of health risk assessment and counselling on physical activity in older people: A pragmatic randomised trial. PLoS One 2017; 12:e0181371. [PMID: 28727796 PMCID: PMC5519086 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0181371] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2017] [Accepted: 06/26/2017] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Interventions to increase physical activity (PA) among older community-dwelling adults may be enhanced by using multidimensional health risk assessment (HRA) as a basis for PA counselling. METHODS The study was conducted among nondisabled but mostly frail persons 65 years of age and older at an ambulatory geriatric clinic in Bucharest, Romania. From May to July 2014, 200 participants were randomly allocated to intervention and control groups. Intervention group participants completed an initial HRA questionnaire and then had monthly counselling sessions with a geriatrician over a period of six months that were aimed at increasing low or maintaining higher PA. Counselling also addressed the older persons' concomitant health risks and problems. The primary outcome was PA at six months (November 2014 to February 2015) evaluated with the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. RESULTS At baseline, PA levels were similar in intervention and control groups (median 1089.0, and 1053.0 MET [metabolic equivalent of task] minutes per week, interquartile ranges 606.0-1401.7, and 544.5-1512.7 MET minutes per week, respectively). Persons in the intervention group had an average of 11.2 concomitant health problems and risks (e.g., pain, depressive mood, hypertension). At six months, PA increased in the intervention group by a median of 180.0 MET minutes per week (95% confidence interval (CI) 43.4-316.6, p = 0.01) to 1248.8 MET minutes per week. In the control group, PA decreased by a median of 346.5 MET minutes per week (95% CI 178.4-514.6, p<0.001) to 693.0 MET minutes per week due to a seasonal effect, resulting in a difference of 420.0 MET minutes per week (95% CI 212.7-627.3, p< 0.001) between groups. CONCLUSION The use of HRA to inform individualized PA counselling is a promising method for achieving improvements in PA, and ultimately health and longevity among large groups of community-dwelling older persons. TRIAL REGISTRATION International Standard Randomized Controlled Trial Number: ISRCTN11166046.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Marie Herghelegiu
- National Institute of Gerontology and Geriatrics “Ana Aslan”, Bucharest, Romania
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, Geriatrics and Gerontology Department, Bucharest, Romania
| | - André Moser
- Department of Geriatrics, Inselspital, University Hospital, and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Institute of Social and Preventive Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Gabriel Ioan Prada
- National Institute of Gerontology and Geriatrics “Ana Aslan”, Bucharest, Romania
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy “Carol Davila”, Geriatrics and Gerontology Department, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Stephan Born
- Department of Geriatrics, Inselspital, University Hospital, and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Matthias Wilhelm
- Department of Cardiology, Interdisciplinary Center for Sports Medicine, University Hospital Bern, and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andreas E. Stuck
- Department of Geriatrics, Inselspital, University Hospital, and University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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van Uffelen JGZ, Khan A, Burton NW. Gender differences in physical activity motivators and context preferences: a population-based study in people in their sixties. BMC Public Health 2017; 17:624. [PMID: 28676081 PMCID: PMC5496591 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-017-4540-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 123] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2017] [Accepted: 06/23/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Although regular participation in physical activity (PA) has health benefits across the life span, the proportion of people doing sufficient activity for these benefits decreases with age. The aim of this study was to identify motivating factors and context preferences for PA in people in their sixties, and to examine gender differences in these factors. METHODS Data were used from people aged 60-67 years who responded to a mail survey in Brisbane, Australia, in 2009. Respondents indicated their agreement/disagreement with seven PA motivators and 14 PA context preferences. Data were analyzed using multi-level multinomial logistic regression, adjusted for sociodemographic and health variables, and PA level. RESULTS Of the 1845 respondents, 59% was female. Based on self-reported PA, one in three respondents (35%) did not meet the PA guidelines of at least 150 min of moderate intensity PA per week. The three leading motivating factors for both women and men were to prevent health problems, to feel good and to lose weight. Women were more likely than men to be motivated by improving appearance (OR 2.93, 95%CI 2.07-4.15), spending time with others (1.76, 1.31-2.37), meeting friends (1.76, 1.31-2.36) or losing weight (1.74, 1.12-2.71). The three leading context preferences for both women and men were for activities close to home, at low cost and that could be done alone. Women were more likely than men to prefer activities that are with people of the same sex (OR 4.67, 95%CI 3.14-6.94), supervised (2.79, 1.94-4.02), with people the same age (2.00, 1.43-2.78) and at a fixed time (1.42, 1.06-1.91). Women were less likely than men to prefer activities that are competitive (OR 0.32, 95%CI 0.22-0.46), are vigorous (0.33, 0.24-0.47), require skill and practice (0.40, 0.29-0.55) and done outdoors (0.51, 0.30-0.86). CONCLUSION Although there was overlap in motivating factors and context preferences for PA in women and men aged 60-67 years, there were also marked gender differences. These results suggest that PA options for people in their sixties should be tailored to meet gender specific interests in order to promote PA participation in this rapidly growing population group.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jannique G. Z. van Uffelen
- Victoria University, Institute of Sport, Exercise and Active Living (ISEAL) (office PB140), PO Box 14428, Melbourne, VIC 8001 Australia
- The University of Queensland, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, QLD, Brisbane, 4072 Australia
- Department of Kinesiology, Physical Activity, Sports and Health Research Group, KU Leuven - University of Leuven, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium
| | - Asaduzzaman Khan
- The University of Queensland, School of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, QLD, Brisbane, 4072 Australia
| | - Nicola W. Burton
- The University of Queensland, School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences, QLD, Brisbane, 4072 Australia
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Zhou L, Watzlaf V, Abernathy P, Abdelhak M. A Health Information System for Scalable and Comprehensive Assessment of Well-Being: A Multidisciplinary Team Solution. PERSPECTIVES IN HEALTH INFORMATION MANAGEMENT 2017; 14:1d. [PMID: 28855857 PMCID: PMC5559692] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
To improve the health and well-being of the medically underserved in a free clinic in Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, a multidisciplinary team representing several health information management and information technology (IT) professionals, including faculty, students, researchers, and clinicians, created a novel IT system called imHealthy. The imHealthy system includes four critical components: a multidomain well-being questionnaire, a mobile app for data collection and tracking, a customization of an open-source electronic health record (EHR), and a data integration and well-being evaluation program leading to recommendations for personalized interventions to caregivers serving the medically underserved. This multidisciplinary team has worked closely on this project and finished critical components of the imHealthy system. Evaluations of these components will be conducted, and factors facilitating the design and adoption of the imHealthy system will be presented. The results from this research can serve as a model for free clinics with similar needs that identified by the research team in Cleveland, Indianapolis, Minnesota, Motor City, Orange County, San Diego, and St. Louis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leming Zhou
- Department of Health Information Management at the University of Pittsburgh in Pittsburgh, PA
| | - Valerie Watzlaf
- Department of Health Information Management at the University of Pittsburgh in Pittsburgh, PA
| | | | - Mervat Abdelhak
- Department of Health Information Management at the University of Pittsburgh in Pittsburgh, PA
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Comparison of Different Physical Activity Measurement Methods in Adults Aged 45 to 64 Years Under Free-Living Conditions. Clin J Sport Med 2017; 27:400-408. [PMID: 27379661 DOI: 10.1097/jsm.0000000000000362] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To compare physical activity (PA) measured by 4 methods in adults under free-living conditions in relation to selected demographic and anthropometric variables. DESIGN Cohort study. SETTING Department of Sports Medicine. PARTICIPANTS Clinically healthy men (81) and women (69) aged 45 to 64 years. INTERVENTIONS Physical activity monitoring for 7 consecutive days under free-living conditions by pedometer (P) and accelerometer (A) simultaneously and PA questionnaires: International Physical Activity Questionnaire (IPAQ) and Seven-Day Physical Activity Questionnaire Recall (SDPAR) completed after the 7-day PA. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Comparison of PA measured by pedometer, IPAQ, and SDPAR with accelerometer with regard to age, body mass, gender, and obesity type. RESULTS Total energy expenditure (EE) by IPAQ was higher than A (P < 0.001) in both groups regardless of age, body mass, or obesity type. Mean EE value by P was greater than A (P < 0.001) in central-obesity males and lower than A (P < 0.001) in central-obesity females. There were differences in step counts in women, unnoticed in men. SDPAR overestimated total EE in gynoid-obesity males and in central-obesity females compared with A. Ninety-five percent CI was the largest around IPAQ compared with P and SDPAR, with SDPAR showing the best agreement with A. CONCLUSIONS Body mass and obesity type influenced PA measurements. To monitor PA, it is recommended to use pedometer in normal bodyweight and overweight groups while accelerometer is advisable in obese subjects. A combined approach of objective and subjective PA monitoring tools is preferable.
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Zaninotto P, Wardle J, Steptoe A. Sustained enjoyment of life and mortality at older ages: analysis of the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing. BMJ 2016; 355:i6267. [PMID: 27965194 PMCID: PMC5154976 DOI: 10.1136/bmj.i6267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To test whether the number of reports of enjoyment of life over a four year period is quantitatively associated with all cause mortality, and with death from cardiovascular disease and from other causes. DESIGN AND SETTING Longitudinal observational population study using the English Longitudinal Study of Ageing (ELSA), a nationally representative sample of older men and women living in England. PARTICIPANTS 9365 men and women aged 50 years or older (mean 63, standard deviation 9.3) at recruitment. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Time to death, based on mortality between the third phase of data collection (wave 3 in 2006) and March 2013 (up to seven years). RESULTS Subjective wellbeing with measures of enjoyment of life were assessed in 2002 (wave 1), 2004 (wave 2), and 2006 (wave 3). 2264 (24%) respondents reported no enjoyment of life on any assessment, with 1833 (20%) reporting high enjoyment on one report of high enjoyment of life, 2063 (22%) on two reports, and 3205 (34%) on all three occasions. 1310 deaths were recorded during follow-up. Mortality was inversely associated with the number of occasions on which participants reported high enjoyment of life. Compared with the no high enjoyment group, the hazard ratio for all cause mortality was 0.83 (95% confidence interval 0.70 to 0.99) for two reports of enjoyment of life, and 0.76 (0.64 to 0.89) for three reports, after adjustment for demographic factors, baseline health, mobility impairment, and depressive symptoms. The same association was observed after deaths occurring within two years of the third enjoyment measure were excluded (0.90 (0.85 to 0.95) for every additional report of enjoyment), and in the complete case analysis (0.90 (0.83 to 0.96)). CONCLUSIONS This is an observational study, so causal conclusions cannot be drawn. Nonetheless, the results add a new dimension to understanding the significance of subjective wellbeing for health outcomes by documenting the importance of sustained wellbeing over time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Zaninotto
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Jane Wardle
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
| | - Andrew Steptoe
- Department of Epidemiology and Public Health, University College London, London WC1E 6BT, UK
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Smith TO, Penny F, Fleetcroft R. Medical morbidities in people following hip and knee arthroplasty: data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF ORTHOPAEDIC SURGERY AND TRAUMATOLOGY 2016; 26:99-106. [PMID: 26474996 DOI: 10.1007/s00590-015-1713-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/05/2015] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Total hip (THA) and knee (TKA) arthroplasty are common orthopaedic procedures most frequently for older people. Whilst it is known that this older population frequently present with medical morbidities, no studies have previously documented the prevalence of such morbidities in people who have undergone THA or TKA.The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence and what factors are in association with the presentation of medical morbidities in these populations. METHODS Data from the Osteoarthritis Initiative, a population-based observational study, was assessed. In total 419 people who had undergone a THA or TKA were assessed to determine the prevalence of recorded morbidities within 12 months post-arthroplasty. All medical morbidities were then assessed using univariate and then multivariate logistic regression analysis to identify factors influencing the presentation of specific morbidities at 12 months following THA or TKA. RESULTS The most common medical morbidities included: osteoporosis (16 %), mild-to-moderate depression (8 %), cancer (8 %), diabetes (6 %), history of stroke or TIA (6 %) and asthma (5 %). The medical morbidities demonstrated are similar between those who undergo THA and TKA. Only gender and ethnic origin were identified as statistically significant predictors of medical morbidities in these populations. Gender was a predictor of history of heart failure, whilst ethnic origin significantly predicted depression. CONCLUSIONS People who undergo THA or TKA may present with a variety of medical morbidities. Accordingly consideration should be made on how to encourage the adoption and maintenance of physical activity and healthy lifestyle choices for this population.
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Tkatch R, Musich S, MacLeod S, Alsgaard K, Hawkins K, Yeh CS. Population Health Management for Older Adults: Review of Interventions for Promoting Successful Aging Across the Health Continuum. Gerontol Geriatr Med 2016; 2:2333721416667877. [PMID: 28680938 PMCID: PMC5486489 DOI: 10.1177/2333721416667877] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2015] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/09/2016] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: The older adult population is expanding, living longer, with multiple chronic conditions. Understanding and managing their needs over time is an integral part of defining successful aging. Population health is used to describe the measurement and health outcomes of a population. Objectives: To define population health as applied to older adults, summarize lessons learned from current research, and identify potential interventions designed to promote successful aging and improved health for this population. Method: Online search engines were utilized to identify research on population health and health interventions for older adults. Results: Population health management (PHM) is one strategy to promote the health and well-being of target populations. Interventions promoting health across a continuum tend to be disease, risk, or health behavior specific rather than encompassing a global concept of health. Conclusion: Many existing interventions for older adults are simply research based with limited generalizability; as such, further work in this area is warranted.
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