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Levine JA. The Fidget Factor and the obesity paradox. How small movements have big impact. Front Sports Act Living 2023; 5:1122938. [PMID: 37077429 PMCID: PMC10106700 DOI: 10.3389/fspor.2023.1122938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The hypothesis is that the Fidget Factor is the innate neurological pulse that propels humans and other species to move to support their health. Fidgets, previously thought to be spontaneous, are neurologically regulated and highly ordered (non-random). Modern societies being chair-based overwhelm Fidget Factor pulses and consequently inflict chair-based living for transportation, labor, and leisure. Despite impulses firing through the nervous system, people sit because environmental design overwhelms the biology. Urbanization and chair-based societies were designed after the industrial revolution to promote productivity; however, the consequence has been opposite. Crushing the natural urge to move—the Fidget Factor—is a public health calamity. Excess sitting is associated with a myriad of detrimental health consequences and impairs productivity. Fidgeting may reduce all-cause mortality associated with excessive sitting. The Fidget Factor offers hope; data demonstrate that workplaces and schools can be designed to promote activity and free people's Fidget Factors. Evidence shows that people are happier, healthier, wealthier, and more successful if their Fidget Factors are freed.
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Rizzato A, Marcolin G, Paoli A. Non-exercise activity thermogenesis in the workplace: The office is on fire. Front Public Health 2022; 10:1024856. [PMID: 36388282 PMCID: PMC9650196 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.1024856] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 10/05/2022] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
From the second half of the previous century, there has been a shift toward occupations largely composed of desk-based behaviors. This, inevitably, has led to a workload reduction and a consequent lower energy expenditure. On this point, small increments of the non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT) could be the rationale to reach health benefits over a prolonged period. Different published researches suggest solutions to reverse sitting time and new alternative workstations have been thought to increase total physical activity. Therefore, the purpose of this narrative review is to summarize the current state of the research regarding the "NEAT approach" to weight-gain prevention in work environments. This review analyzes the main evidence regarding new alternative workstations such as standing, walking workstations, seated pedal, and gymnastic balls to replace a standard office chair.
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Feasibility Study Comparing Physical Activity Classifications from Accelerometers with Wearable Camera Data. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17249323. [PMID: 33322117 PMCID: PMC7764508 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17249323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2020] [Revised: 12/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/11/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Device-based assessments are frequently used to measure physical activity (PA) but contextual measures are often lacking. There is a need for new methods, and one under-explored option is the use of wearable cameras. This study tested the use of wearable cameras in PA measurement by comparing intensity classifications from accelerometers with wearable camera data. Seventy-eight 18–30-year-olds wore an Actigraph GT9X link accelerometer and Autographer wearable camera for three consecutive days. An image coding schedule was designed to assess activity categories and activity sub-categories defined by the 2011 Compendium of Physical Activities (Compendium). Accelerometer hourly detailed files processed using the Montoye (2020) cut-points were linked to camera data using date and time stamps. Agreement was examined using equivalence testing, intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC) and Spearman’s correlation coefficient (rho). Fifty-three participants contributing 636 person-hours were included. Reliability was moderate to good for sedentary behavior (rho = 0.77), light intensity activities (rho = 0.59) and moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) (rho = 0.51). The estimates of sedentary behavior, light activity and MVPA from the two methods were similar, but not equivalent. Wearable cameras are a potential complementary tool for PA measurement, but practical challenges and limitations exist. While wearable cameras may not be feasible for use in large scale studies, they may be feasible in small scale studies where context is important.
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Abstract
Obesity is known to be growing worldwide. The World Health Organization (WHO) reports that obesity has tripled since 1975. In 2016, 39% of adults over 18 years old were overweight, and 13% were obese. Obesity is mostly preventable by adopting lifestyle improvements, enhancing diet quality, and doing physical exercise. The workload of the physical exercises should be proportionate to the patient’s capabilities. However, it must be considered that obese people are not used to training; they may not endure physical exertion and, even more critically, they could have some psychological impediments to the workouts. Physical exercises and equipment must, therefore, guarantee comfort and prevent situations in which the bariatric individual may feel inadequate. For these reasons, this study aims to design an innovative system to approach simple physical activities, like leg and arm exercises, to bariatric users to enable them to recover mobility and muscle tone gradually. The leading feature of this architecture is the design of hidden exercise mechanisms to overcome the psychological barriers of the users toward these kinds of machines. This paper proposes the initial design of the main sub-systems composing the rehabilitation machine, namely the leg curl and leg extension mechanism and its control architecture, the upper body exercises system, and a series of regulation mechanisms required to accommodate a wide range of users. The proposed functional design will then lead to the development of a prototype to validate the machine.
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Loh R, Stamatakis E, Folkerts D, Allgrove JE, Moir HJ. Effects of Interrupting Prolonged Sitting with Physical Activity Breaks on Blood Glucose, Insulin and Triacylglycerol Measures: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. Sports Med 2020; 50:295-330. [PMID: 31552570 PMCID: PMC6985064 DOI: 10.1007/s40279-019-01183-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 125] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Physical activity (PA) breaks in sitting time might attenuate metabolic markers relevant to the prevention of type 2 diabetes. OBJECTIVES The primary aim of this paper was to systematically review and meta-analyse trials that compared the effects of breaking up prolonged sitting with bouts of PA throughout the day (INT) versus continuous sitting (SIT) on glucose, insulin and triacylglycerol (TAG) measures. A second aim was to compare the effects of INT versus continuous exercise (EX) on glucose, insulin and TAG measures. METHODS The review followed the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) recommendations. Eligibility criteria consisted of trials comparing INT vs. SIT or INT vs. one bout of EX before or after sitting, in participants aged 18 or above, who were classified as either metabolically healthy or impaired, but not with other major health conditions such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease or peripheral arterial disease. RESULTS A total of 42 studies were included in the overall review, whereas a total of 37 studies were included in the meta-analysis. There was a standardised mean difference (SMD) of - 0.54 (95% CI - 0.70, - 0.37, p = 0.00001) in favour of INT compared to SIT for glucose. With respect to insulin, there was an SMD of - 0.56 (95% CI - 0.74, - 0.38, p = 0.00001) in favour of INT. For TAG, there was an SMD of - 0.26 (95% CI - 0.44, - 0.09, p = 0.002) in favour of INT. Body mass index (BMI) was associated with glucose responses (β = - 0.05, 95% CI - 0.09, - 0.01, p = 0.01), and insulin (β = - 0.05, 95% CI - 0.10, - 0.006, p = 0.03), but not TAG (β = 0.02, 95% CI - 0.02, 0.06, p = 0.37). When energy expenditure was matched, there was an SMD of - 0.26 (95% CI - 0.50, - 0.02, p = 0.03) in favour of INT for glucose, but no statistically significant SMDs for insulin, i.e. 0.35 (95% CI - 0.37, 1.07, p = 0.35), or TAG i.e. 0.08 (95% CI - 0.22, 0.37, p = 0.62). It is worth noting that there was possible publication bias for TAG outcomes when PA breaks were compared with sitting. CONCLUSION The use of PA breaks during sitting moderately attenuated post-prandial glucose, insulin, and TAG, with greater glycaemic attenuation in people with higher BMI. There was a statistically significant small advantage for PA breaks over continuous exercise for attenuating glucose measures when exercise protocols were energy matched, but no statistically significant differences for insulin and TAG. PROSPERO Registration: CRD42017080982. PROSPERO REGISTRATION CRD42017080982.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roland Loh
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Computing, Kingston University, Penrhyn Road, Kingston upon Thames, Surrey, London, KT1 2EE, UK.
| | - Emmanuel Stamatakis
- Charles Perkins Centre, Prevention Research Collaboration, School of Public Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Dirk Folkerts
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Computing, Kingston University, Penrhyn Road, Kingston upon Thames, Surrey, London, KT1 2EE, UK.,Faculty of Sport and Exercise Sciences, University of Muenster, Münster, Germany
| | - Judith E Allgrove
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Computing, Kingston University, Penrhyn Road, Kingston upon Thames, Surrey, London, KT1 2EE, UK
| | - Hannah J Moir
- School of Life Sciences, Pharmacy and Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Engineering and Computing, Kingston University, Penrhyn Road, Kingston upon Thames, Surrey, London, KT1 2EE, UK.
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Beale C, Rauff EL, O’Brien WJ, Shultz SP, Fink PW, Kruger R. Are all Sedentary Behaviors Equal? An Examination of Sedentary Behavior and Associations with Indicators of Disease Risk Factors in Women. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17082643. [PMID: 32290586 PMCID: PMC7216008 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17082643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2020] [Revised: 04/06/2020] [Accepted: 04/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Sedentary behavior increases risk for non-communicable diseases; associations may differ within different contexts (e.g., leisure time, occupational). This study examined associations between different types of sedentary behavior and disease risk factors in women, using objectively measured accelerometer-derived sedentary data. A validation study (n = 20 women) classified sedentary behavior into four categories: lying down; sitting (non-active); sitting (active); standing. A cross-sectional study (n = 348 women) examined associations between these classifications and disease risk factors (body composition, metabolic, inflammatory, blood lipid variables). Participants spent an average of 7 h 42 min per day in sedentary behavior; 58% of that time was classified as non-active sitting and 26% as active sitting. Non-active sitting showed significant (p ≤ 0.001) positive correlations with BMI (r = 0.244), body fat percent (r = 0.216), body mass (r = 0.236), fat mass (r = 0.241), leptin (r = 0.237), and negative correlations with HDL-cholesterol (r = −0.117, p = 0.031). Conversely, active sitting was significantly (p ≤ 0.001) negatively correlated with BMI (r = −0.300), body fat percent (r = −0.249), body mass (r = −0.305), fat mass (r = −0.320), leptin (r = −0.259), and positively correlated with HDL-cholesterol (r = 0.115, p = 0.035). In summary, sedentary behavior can be stratified using objectively measured accelerometer-derived activity data. Subsequently, different types of sedentary behaviors may differentially influence disease risk factors. Public health initiatives should account for sedentary classifications when developing sedentary behavior recommendations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claire Beale
- School of Sport, Exercise, and Nutrition, Massey University, 4442 Palmerston North, New Zealand; (C.B.); (W.J.O.); (P.W.F.); (R.K.)
| | - Erica L. Rauff
- Kinesiology Department, Seattle University, Seattle, WA 98122, USA;
| | - Wendy J. O’Brien
- School of Sport, Exercise, and Nutrition, Massey University, 4442 Palmerston North, New Zealand; (C.B.); (W.J.O.); (P.W.F.); (R.K.)
| | - Sarah P. Shultz
- School of Sport, Exercise, and Nutrition, Massey University, 4442 Palmerston North, New Zealand; (C.B.); (W.J.O.); (P.W.F.); (R.K.)
- Kinesiology Department, Seattle University, Seattle, WA 98122, USA;
- Correspondence:
| | - Philip W. Fink
- School of Sport, Exercise, and Nutrition, Massey University, 4442 Palmerston North, New Zealand; (C.B.); (W.J.O.); (P.W.F.); (R.K.)
| | - Rozanne Kruger
- School of Sport, Exercise, and Nutrition, Massey University, 4442 Palmerston North, New Zealand; (C.B.); (W.J.O.); (P.W.F.); (R.K.)
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Zhao R, Bu W, Chen Y, Chen X. The Dose-Response Associations of Sedentary Time with Chronic Diseases and the Risk for All-Cause Mortality Affected by Different Health Status: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. J Nutr Health Aging 2020; 24:63-70. [PMID: 31886810 DOI: 10.1007/s12603-019-1298-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE To determine the dose-response associations of sedentary behaviour with cardiovascular diseases (CVD), cancer, and all-cause mortality, and to examine whether the sedentary-associated all-cause mortality risk was affected by appearance of diabetes and hypertension, physical activity, and body mass index (BMI). DESIGN We carried out a systematic review and meta-analysis to search Medline, SportDiscus, and Web of Science for eligible studies. SETTINGS Prospective cohort studies that reported sedentary time and CVD, cancer, and mortality incidents. MEASUREMENTS Two authors independently extracted data based on predefined criteria. The effect estimates were evaluated by hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% confidences (CIs). RESULTS Twenty-four studies met the inclusion criteria. Sitting time showed dose-response associations with CVD, cancer, and all-cause mortality, with each 1-hour increment of sitting time daily accounting for HRs 1.04 (95% CIs 1.02-1.07), 1.01 (1.00-1.02), and 1.03 (1.02-1.03), respectively. The link between sitting time and CVD and all-cause mortality was non-linear (pnon-linear < 0.0001). The relationship between TV viewing and CVD and all-cause mortality was dose-dependent, with HRs 1.07 (1.06-1.09) and 1.04 (1.01-1.06) for per 1-hour increment of TV time every day, respectively. The regression was curved (pnon-linear < 0.0001). When the analysis was stratified by the percentage of diabetes and hypertension, BMI values, and physical activity levels, we found that higher BMI and a greater percentage of diabetes and hypertension further increased all-cause mortality risk in the most sedentary populations, whereas higher physical activity levels decreased it. CONCLUSION Sitting time and TV viewing significantly increased cardiovascular, cancer, and mortality risk; the associations were dose-dependent. More importantly, sedentary behaviour in combination with chronic diseases or high BMI increased all-cause mortality risk whereas physical activity was likely to alleviate the adverse associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- R Zhao
- Renqing Zhao, Yangzhou University, College of Physical Education, 88 Daxue South Road, Yangzhou, Jiangsu 225009, China. Tel: 8651487972015.
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Energy expenditure associated with posture transitions in preschool children. PLoS One 2019; 14:e0215169. [PMID: 30986277 PMCID: PMC6464188 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0215169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2018] [Accepted: 03/27/2019] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite growing scientific interest in the benefits of breaking up sedentary time with intermittent standing or walking, few studies have investigated the energy cost of posture transitions. This study aimed to determine whether posture transitions are associated with increased energy expenditure in preschool children. METHODS Forty children (mean age 5.3 ± 1.0y) completed a ~150-min room calorimeter protocol involving sedentary, light, and moderate- to vigorous-intensity activities. This study utilised data from ~65-min of the protocol, during which children were undertaking sedentary behaviours (TV viewing, drawing/colouring in, and playing with toys on the floor). Posture was coded as sit/lie, stand, walk, or other using direct observation; posture transitions were classified as sit/lie to stand/walk, sit/lie to other, stand/walk to other, or vice versa. Energy expenditure was calculated using the Weir equation and used to calculate individualised MET and activity energy expenditure (AEE) values. Spearman's rank correlations were used to compare the number of posture transitions, in the individual activities separately and combined, with corresponding MET and AEE values. Participants were divided into tertiles based on the number of posture transitions; MET and AEE values of children in the lowest and highest tertiles of posture transitions were compared using unpaired t-tests. Effect sizes (Cohen's d) were calculated. RESULTS There was a positive correlation between the total number of posture transitions and average METs (rs = 0.42, p = 0.02) and AEE (rs = 0.43, p = 0.02). MET differences between the lowest and highest tertiles of posture transitions resulted in a small effect size for playing with toys (d = 0.27), and moderate effect sizes for TV viewing, drawing and all three activities combined (d = 0.61, 0.50 and 0.64 respectively). Similar results were found for AEE. CONCLUSIONS Results from this study showed that variation in posture transitions may be associated with variation in energy expenditure in preschool children. The findings suggest that the concept that variation in posture transitions may have meaningful biological or health effects in early childhood is worth investigating further.
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Chen X, Zhang L, Zhang Q, Zhao R. The effects of cigarette smoking on the associations between sitting time and all-cause mortality: a meta-analysis. Eur J Public Health 2019; 29:315-319. [PMID: 29982348 DOI: 10.1093/eurpub/cky121] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sedentary behavior is recognized as an independent risk factor for mortality, but it remains unclear whether cigarette smoking will aggravate the detrimental effects of prolonged sitting on mortality. This study examined the impact of cigarette smoking on the relationship between sitting time and all-cause mortality in adults. METHODS Electronic database searches were conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, and the EMBASE up to 1 June 2017. Prospective studies that reported sitting time, percent of current smokers, and all-cause mortality were included. Data were extracted independently by two authors. RESULTS Ten prospective studies met the inclusion criteria. These studies included 850990 adults who were followed up for 2-15.7 years, during which 64 781 died (7.6%). Generally, during follow-up sitting time showed a dose-response relationship with all-cause mortality, with each 1 h increment of sitting time per day accounting for hazard ratio (HR) of mortality 1.02 (95%CI, 1.02-1.03). The relationship remained significant when stratified by the quartiles of smoking populations (≤8.4%, 8.5%-12.6%, 12.7%-27.9%, and ≥28.0%), and the risk of sitting time-related mortality increased parallel to the increment of the percent of smoking populations, with HRs 1.02 (95%CI, 1.02-1.03), 1.03 (95%CI, 1.02-1.03), 1.04 (95%CI, 1.03-1.04) and 1.06 (95%CI, 1.06-1.06), respectively. The associations between the risk of prolonged sitting-related mortality and the percent of smoking populations were linear (P = 0.032). CONCLUSIONS Cigarette smoking significantly aggravated the detrimental effects of sitting time on all-cause mortality. Our findings provided further evidence on the harmful effects of smoking combing prolonged sitting on adult health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xianguo Chen
- Department of Cardio-Thoracic Surgery, Jinhua Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Liuji Zhang
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China.,Jiangdong Middle School, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qi Zhang
- College of Physical Education and Health Sciences, Zhejiang Normal University, Jinhua, Zhejiang, China
| | - Renqing Zhao
- College of Physical Education, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou, Jiangsu, China
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van der Berg JD, Stehouwer CDA, Bosma H, Caserotti P, Eiriksdottir G, Arnardottir NY, Van Domelen DR, Brychta RJ, Chen KY, Sveinsson T, Johannsson E, Launer LJ, Gudnason V, Jonsson PV, Harris TB, Koster A. Dynamic sitting: Measurement and associations with metabolic health. J Sports Sci 2019; 37:1746-1754. [PMID: 30929574 DOI: 10.1080/02640414.2019.1592800] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
Dynamic sitting, such as fidgeting and desk work, might be associated with health, but remains difficult to identify out of accelerometry data. We examined, in a laboratory study, whether dynamic sitting can be identified out of triaxial activity counts. Among 18 participants (56% men, 27.3 ± 6.5 years), up to 236 counts per minute were recorded in the anteroposterior and mediolateral axes during dynamic sitting using a hip-worn accelerometer. Subsequently, we examined in 621 participants (38% men, 80.0 ± 4.7 years) from the AGES-Reykjavik Study whether dynamic sitting was associated with cardio-metabolic health. Compared to participants who recorded the fewest dynamic sitting minutes (Q1), those with more dynamic sitting minutes had a lower BMI (Q2 = -1.39 (95%CI = -2.33;-0.46); Q3 = -1.87 (-2.82;-0.92); Q4 = -3.38 (-4.32;-2.45)), a smaller waist circumference (Q2 = -2.95 (-5.44;-0.46); Q3 = -3.47 (-6.01;-0.93); Q4 = -8.21 (-10.72;-5.71)), and a lower odds for the metabolic syndrome (Q2 = 0.74 [0.45;1.20] Q3 = 0.58 [0.36;0.95]; Q4 = 0.36 [0.22;0.59]). Our findings suggest that dynamic sitting might be identified using accelerometry and that this behaviour was associated with health. This might be important given the large amounts of time people spend sitting. Future studies with a focus on validation, causation and physiological pathways are needed to further examine the possible relevance of dynamic sitting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julianne D van der Berg
- a Department of Social Medicine/CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute , Maastricht University , Maastricht , The Netherlands
| | - Coen D A Stehouwer
- b Department of Internal Medicine/CARIM School for Cardiovascular Diseases , Maastricht University Medical Centre , Maastricht , The Netherlands
| | - Hans Bosma
- a Department of Social Medicine/CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute , Maastricht University , Maastricht , The Netherlands
| | - Paolo Caserotti
- c Institute of Sports Science and Clinical Biomechanics , University of Southern Denmark , Odense , Denmark
| | | | - Nanna Y Arnardottir
- d Icelandic Heart Association , Kopavogur , Iceland.,e Faculty of Education , University of Akureyri , Akureyri , Iceland
| | - Dane R Van Domelen
- f Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics , Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University , Atlanta , GA , USA
| | - Robert J Brychta
- g Diabetes Endocrinology and Obesity Branch , National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Kong Y Chen
- g Diabetes Endocrinology and Obesity Branch , National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Thorarinn Sveinsson
- h Research Centre of Movement Science , University of Iceland , Reykjavik , Iceland
| | - Erlingur Johannsson
- i Centre for Research in Sport and Health Sciences, School of Education , University of Iceland , 101 Reykjavik , Iceland.,j Department of Sport and Physical Activity , Western Norway University of Applied Sciences , Bergen , Norway
| | - Lenore J Launer
- k Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Intramural Research Program , National Institute on Aging , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | | | - Palmi V Jonsson
- l Faculty of Medicine , University of Iceland , Reykjavik , Iceland.,m Department of Geriatrics , Landspitali National University Hospital , Reykjavik , Iceland
| | - Tamara B Harris
- k Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Sciences, Intramural Research Program , National Institute on Aging , Bethesda , MD , USA
| | - Annemarie Koster
- a Department of Social Medicine/CAPHRI Care and Public Health Research Institute , Maastricht University , Maastricht , The Netherlands
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Who Shake Their Legs and Bite Their Nails? Self-Reported Repetitive Behaviors and Big Five Personality Traits. PSYCHOLOGICAL STUDIES 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/s12646-018-0462-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
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12
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Chung N, Park MY, Kim J, Park HY, Hwang H, Lee CH, Han JS, So J, Park J, Lim K. Non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT): a component of total daily energy expenditure. J Exerc Nutrition Biochem 2018; 22:23-30. [PMID: 30149423 PMCID: PMC6058072 DOI: 10.20463/jenb.2018.0013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2018] [Accepted: 06/12/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
[Purpose] The purpose of this review is to promote awareness of non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT) as a new strategy to increase energy expenditure, and to manage obesity. [Methods] The content of this review is based on a literature search of PubMed and the Google Scholar search engine, using the search terms obesity, energy expenditure, non-exercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT), and sitting disease. [Results] Daily energy expenditure is of great interest because most obese individuals have no exercise activity-related thermogenesis (EAT); thus their physical activity-related energy expenditure (PEE) is comprised almost entirely of NEAT. Consequently, NEAT represents the main variable component of daily total energy expenditure (TEE); this varies considerably, both within among individuals. These somewhat unplanned and unstructured low level physical activities are associated with energy expenditure in excess of the resting metabolic rate (RMR). They may therefore have the potential to stimulate greater energy expenditure over time with a higher rate of adherence. [Conclusion] In conclusion, NEAT is a highly variable component of daily TEE and a low level of NEAT is associated with obesity. NEAT enhances lifestyle, and variations in individual and environmental factors can significantly affect daily energy expenditure. Therefore, well designed longitudinal studies that focus on personal behavioral approaches and re-engineered environments to increase NEAT should be conducted in the future.
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Ku PW, Steptoe A, Liao Y, Hsueh MC, Chen LJ. A cut-off of daily sedentary time and all-cause mortality in adults: a meta-regression analysis involving more than 1 million participants. BMC Med 2018; 16:74. [PMID: 29793552 PMCID: PMC5998593 DOI: 10.1186/s12916-018-1062-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 133] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2018] [Accepted: 04/25/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The appropriate limit to the amount of daily sedentary time (ST) required to minimize mortality is uncertain. This meta-analysis aimed to quantify the dose-response association between daily ST and all-cause mortality and to explore the cut-off point above which health is impaired in adults aged 18-64 years old. We also examined whether there are differences between studies using self-report ST and those with device-based ST. METHODS Prospective cohort studies providing effect estimates of daily ST (exposure) on all-cause mortality (outcome) were identified via MEDLINE, PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar databases until January 2018. Dose-response relationships between daily ST and all-cause mortality were examined using random-effects meta-regression models. RESULTS Based on the pooled data for more than 1 million participants from 19 studies, the results showed a log-linear dose-response association between daily ST and all-cause mortality. Overall, more time spent in sedentary behaviors is associated with increased mortality risks. However, the method of measuring ST moderated the association between daily ST and mortality risk (p < 0.05). The cut-off of daily ST in studies with self-report ST was 7 h/day in comparison with 9 h/day for those with device-based ST. CONCLUSIONS Higher amounts of daily ST are log-linearly associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality in adults. On the basis of a limited number of studies using device-based measures, the findings suggest that it may be appropriate to encourage adults to engage in less sedentary behaviors, with fewer than 9 h a day being relevant for all-cause mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Po-Wen Ku
- Graduate Institute of Sports and Health, National Changhua University of Education, Changhua City, Taiwan
| | - Andrew Steptoe
- Department of Behavioural Science and Health, University College London, London, UK
| | - Yung Liao
- Department of Health Promotion and Health Education, National Taiwan Normal University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ming-Chun Hsueh
- Department of Physical Education, National Taiwan Normal University, NO.162, He-ping East Road, Section 1, Taipei, 106, Taiwan.
| | - Li-Jung Chen
- Department of Exercise Health Science, National Taiwan University of Sport, No. 16, Section 1, Shuang-Shih Rd., Taichung, 404, Taiwan.
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Park HJ, Park CH, Chang Y, Ryu S. Sitting time, physical activity and the risk of lower urinary tract symptoms: a cohort study. BJU Int 2018; 122:293-299. [PMID: 29557554 DOI: 10.1111/bju.14147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To examine the association of sitting time and physical activity level with the incidence of lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) in a large sample of Korean men. MATERIALS AND METHODS A cohort study was performed in 69 795 Korean men, free of LUTS at baseline, who were followed up annually or biennially for a mean of 2.6 years. Physical activity level and sitting time were assessed using the validated Korean version of the International Physical Activity Questionnaire Short Form. LUTS were assessed using the International Prostate Symptom Score (IPSS) and clinically significant LUTS were defined as an IPSS score ≥8. RESULTS Over 175 810.4 person-years, 9 217 people developed significant LUTS (incidence rate, 39.0 per 1 000 person-years). In a multivariable-adjusted model, both low physical activity level and prolonged sitting time were independently associated with the incidence of LUTS. The hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals [CIs]) for incident LUTS comparing minimally active and health-enhancing physically active groups vs the inactive group were 0.94 (95% CI 0.89-0.99) and 0.93 (95% CI 0.87-0.99), respectively (P for trend 0.011). The hazard ratios (95% CIs) for LUTS comparing 5-9 and ≥10 h/day sitting time vs <5 h/day were 1.08 (95% CI 1.00-1.24) and 1.15 (95% CI 1.06-1.24), respectively (P for trend <0.001). CONCLUSIONS Prolonged sitting time and low physical activity levels were positively associated with the development of LUTS in a large sample of middle-aged Korean men. This result supports the importance of both reducing sitting time and promoting physical activity for preventing LUTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Heung Jae Park
- Department of Urology, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Chang Hoo Park
- Department of Urology, School of Medicine, Gangneung Asan Hospital, Ulsan University, Gangneung, South Korea
| | - Yoosoo Chang
- Centre for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Centre, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Clinical Research Design & Evaluation, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seungho Ryu
- Centre for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Centre, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.,Department of Clinical Research Design & Evaluation, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, South Korea
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15
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Shoval A, Armstrong HF, Vakhrusheva J, Ballon JS, Bartels MN, Kimhy D. The Impact of Hypomania on Aerobic Capacity and Cardiopulmonary Functioning-A Case Report. Front Psychiatry 2018; 9:729. [PMID: 30622490 PMCID: PMC6308140 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2018.00729] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Hypomanic episodes are characterized by increased goal-directed behavior and psychomotor agitation. While the affective, cognitive, and behavioral manifestations of such episodes are well-documented, their physiological influence on aerobic capacity and cardiopulmonary functioning are unknown. Methods: We describe a case report of an individual with schizophrenia who experienced a hypomanic episode while serving as a control participant (wait list) in a single-blind, randomized clinical trial examining the impact of aerobic exercise (AE) on neurocognition in people schizophrenia. As part of the trial, participants completed two scheduled clinical assessments and cardiopulmonary exercise tests (VO2max) at baseline and 12 weeks later at end of study. All participants received standard psychiatric care during the trial. Following a baseline assessment in which he displayed no evidence of mood lability, the subject returned on Week-12 for his scheduled follow-up assessment displaying symptoms of hypomania. He was able to complete the follow-up assessment, as well as third assessment 2 weeks later (Week-14) when his hypomanic symptoms ebbed. Results: While not engaging in AE, the subject's aerobic capacity, as indexed by VO2max, increased by 33% from baseline to Week-12. In comparison, participants engaged in the aerobic exercise training increased their aerobic capacity on average by 18%. In contrast, participants in the control group displayed a small decline (-0.5%) in their VO2max scores. Moreover, the subject's aerobic capacity increased even further by Week-14 (49% increase from baseline), despite the ebbing of his hypomania symptoms at that time. These changes were accompanied by increases in markers of aerobic fitness including peak heart rate, respiratory exchange rate, peak minute ventilation, watts, and peak systolic blood pressure. Resting systolic and diastolic blood pressure, and peak diastolic blood pressure remained unchanged. Conclusions: Our findings suggest that hypomania produce substantial increase in aerobic capacity and that such elevations may remain sustained following the ebbing of hypomanic symptoms. Such elevations may be attributed to increased mobility and goal-directed behavior associated with hypomania, as individuals in hypomanic states may ambulate more frequently, for longer duration, and/or at higher intensity. Our results provide a first and unique view into the impact of hypomania on aerobic capacity and cardiopulmonary functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aura Shoval
- Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Hilary F Armstrong
- Department of Rehabilitation and Regenerative Medicine, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Julia Vakhrusheva
- Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY, United States
| | - Jacob S Ballon
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Science, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, United States
| | - Matthew N Bartels
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, NY, United States
| | - David Kimhy
- Department of Psychiatry, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY, United States
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16
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Shaw RJ, Čukić I, Deary IJ, Gale CR, Chastin SFM, Dall PM, Skelton DA, Der G. Relationships between socioeconomic position and objectively measured sedentary behaviour in older adults in three prospective cohorts. BMJ Open 2017; 7:e016436. [PMID: 28619784 PMCID: PMC5541575 DOI: 10.1136/bmjopen-2017-016436] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2017] [Revised: 05/03/2017] [Accepted: 05/17/2017] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To investigate whether sedentary behaviour in older adults is associated with a systematic and comprehensive range of socioeconomic position (SEP) measures across the life course. SEP measures included prospective measures of social class, income, educational qualifications and parental social class and contemporaneous measures of area deprivation. SETTING Glasgow and the surrounding (West of Scotland) combined with Edinburgh and the surrounding area (the Lothians). PARTICIPANTS Community-dwelling adults aged around 79, 83, and 64 years from, respectively, the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 (LBC1936) (n=271) and the 1930s (n=119) and 1950s (n=310) cohorts of the West of Scotland Twenty-07 study. PRIMARY OUTCOME MEASURE Sedentary behaviour was measured objectively using an activPAL activity monitor worn continuously for 7 days and used to calculate percentage of waking time spent sedentary. RESULTS Among retired participants, for most cohort and SEP combinations, greater social disadvantage was associated with increased sedentary time. For example, in the Twenty-07 1930s cohort, those most deprived on the Carstairs measure spent 6.5% (95% CI 0.3 to 12.7) more of their waking time sedentary than the least deprived. However, for employed people, the relationship between SEP and sedentary behaviour was much weaker. For example, in terms of social class differences, among the retired, the most disadvantaged spent 5.7% more waking time sedentary (95% CI 2.6% to 87%), whereas among the employed, there was effectively no difference (-0.5%; 95% CI -9.0 to 8.0). CONCLUSIONS Diverse SEP measures were associated with increased sedentary behaviour among retired people. There was little evidence for a relationship between SEP measures and sedentary behaviour among employed older adults. Prior to retirement, the constraints of the workplace may be masking effects that are only apparent at weekends.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard John Shaw
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
| | - Iva Čukić
- Department of Psychology Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Ian J Deary
- Department of Psychology Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
| | - Catharine R Gale
- Department of Psychology Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
| | - Sebastien FM Chastin
- Institute for Applied Health Research, School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Philippa M Dall
- Institute for Applied Health Research, School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
| | - Dawn A Skelton
- Institute for Applied Health Research, School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow, UK
| | - Geoff Der
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK
- Department of Psychology Centre for Cognitive Ageing and Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
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17
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Shaw RJ, Čukić I, Deary IJ, Gale CR, Chastin SFM, Dall PM, Dontje ML, Skelton DA, Macdonald L, Der G. The Influence of Neighbourhoods and the Social Environment on Sedentary Behaviour in Older Adults in Three Prospective Cohorts. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2017; 14:E557. [PMID: 28538672 PMCID: PMC5486243 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph14060557] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2017] [Revised: 05/09/2017] [Accepted: 05/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Sedentary behaviour is an emerging risk factor for poor health. This study aimed to identify ecological determinants of sedentary behaviour, for which evidence is currently scarce. The study participants were community dwelling adults from, respectively, the Lothian Birth Cohort 1936 (n = 271, mean age 79) and the 1930s (n = 119, mean age 83) and 1950s (n = 310, mean age 64) cohorts of the West of Scotland Twenty-07 study. The outcome measure, percentage of waking time spent sedentary (sedentary time), was measured using an activPAL activity monitor worn continuously for seven days. Potential determinants included objective and subjective neighbourhood measures such as natural space, crime, social cohesion and fear of crime. Other determinants included measures of social participation such as social support, social group membership and providing care. Results from multivariable regression analyses indicated that providing care was associated with reduced sedentary time in retired participants in all cohorts. Fear of crime and perceived absence of services were associated with increased sedentary time for retired 1950s cohort members. Higher crime rates were associated with increased sedentary time in all cohorts but this was not significant after adjustment for socio-demographic characteristics. Most other neighbourhood and social participation measures showed no association with sedentary time.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard J Shaw
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G2 3QB, UK.
| | - Iva Čukić
- Department of Psychology Centre for Cognitive Ageing & Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK.
| | - Ian J Deary
- Department of Psychology Centre for Cognitive Ageing & Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK.
| | - Catharine R Gale
- Department of Psychology Centre for Cognitive Ageing & Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK.
- MRC Lifecourse Epidemiology Unit, University of Southampton, Southampton S016 6YD, UK.
| | - Sebastien F M Chastin
- Institute for Applied Health Research, School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK.
- Department of Movement and Sports Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health Science, Ghent University, Ghent 9000, Belgium.
| | - Philippa M Dall
- Institute for Applied Health Research, School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK.
| | - Manon L Dontje
- Institute for Applied Health Research, School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK.
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Western Australia, Perth 6009, Australia.
| | - Dawn A Skelton
- Institute for Applied Health Research, School of Health and Life Sciences, Glasgow Caledonian University, Glasgow G4 0BA, UK.
| | - Laura Macdonald
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G2 3QB, UK.
| | - Geoff Der
- MRC/CSO Social and Public Health Sciences Unit, University of Glasgow, Glasgow G2 3QB, UK.
- Department of Psychology Centre for Cognitive Ageing & Cognitive Epidemiology, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh EH8 9JZ, UK.
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18
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Something is definitely better than nothing: simple strategies to prevent vascular dysfunction. Clin Sci (Lond) 2017; 131:1055-1058. [PMID: 28490600 DOI: 10.1042/cs20170130] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2017] [Revised: 04/10/2017] [Accepted: 04/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the negative health consequences of a physical inactivity has been the topic of much investigation as an alarming number of adults have adopted a sedentary lifestyle. With the rise in sedentarism the field of inactivity physiology has emerged. The goal of inactivity physiology is to identify the impact in inactivity on health and develop strategies that effectively minimize the risk of a sedentary lifestyle. Arising from this field is the finding that excessive sitting is linked to increased cardiovascular and metabolic disease and all-cause mortality. Most importantly, these relationships exist even in individuals that are physically active. Clearly, excessive sitting is an occupational hazard with significant health consequences. Through a series of investigations, including research published this issue of Clinical Science, Padilla and colleagues have identified that prolonged sitting evokes vascular dysfunction and that this dysfunction is caused by reduced shear stress. This commentary highlights this series of investigations and culminates with an overview of how prior exercise and standing are effective strategies to circumvent vascular dysfunction that is caused by excessive sitting.
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Grooten WJA, Äng BO, Hagströmer M, Conradsson D, Nero H, Franzén E. Does a dynamic chair increase office workers' movements? - Results from a combined laboratory and field study. APPLIED ERGONOMICS 2017; 60:1-11. [PMID: 28166867 DOI: 10.1016/j.apergo.2016.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 10/08/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE Dynamic chairs have the potential to facilitate movements that could counteract health problems associated with sedentary office work. This study aimed to evaluate whether a dynamic chair can increase movements during desk-based office work. METHODS Fifteen healthy subjects performed desk-based office work using a dynamic office chair and compared to three other conditions in a movement laboratory. In a field study, the dynamic office chair was studied during three working days using accelerometry. RESULTS Equivocal results showed that the dynamic chair increased upper body and chair movements as compared to the conventional chair, but lesser movements were found compared to standing. No differences were found between the conditions in the field study. CONCLUSIONS A dynamic chair may facilitate movements in static desk-based office tasks, but the results were not consistent for all outcome measures. Validation of measuring protocols for assessing movements during desk-based office work is warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilhelmus J A Grooten
- Karolinska Institute, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Physiotherapy, Stockholm, Sweden; Functional Area Occupational Therapy & Physiotherapy, Allied Health Professionals Function, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Björn O Äng
- Karolinska Institute, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Physiotherapy, Stockholm, Sweden; Functional Area Occupational Therapy & Physiotherapy, Allied Health Professionals Function, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden; Center for Clinical Research Dalarna, Falun, Sweden
| | - Maria Hagströmer
- Karolinska Institute, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Physiotherapy, Stockholm, Sweden; Functional Area Occupational Therapy & Physiotherapy, Allied Health Professionals Function, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - David Conradsson
- Karolinska Institute, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Physiotherapy, Stockholm, Sweden; Functional Area Occupational Therapy & Physiotherapy, Allied Health Professionals Function, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Håkan Nero
- Karolinska Institute, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Physiotherapy, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Erika Franzén
- Karolinska Institute, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Division of Physiotherapy, Stockholm, Sweden; Functional Area Occupational Therapy & Physiotherapy, Allied Health Professionals Function, Karolinska University Hospital, Stockholm, Sweden
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21
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Rezende LFM, Sá TH, Mielke GI, Viscondi JYK, Rey-López JP, Garcia LMT. All-Cause Mortality Attributable to Sitting Time: Analysis of 54 Countries Worldwide. Am J Prev Med 2016; 51:253-263. [PMID: 27017420 DOI: 10.1016/j.amepre.2016.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 115] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2015] [Revised: 01/14/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Recent studies have shown that sitting time is associated with increased risk of all-cause mortality, independent of moderate to vigorous physical activity. Less is known about the population-attributable fraction for all-cause mortality associated with sitting time, and the gains in life expectancy related to the elimination of this risk factor. METHODS In November 2015, data were gathered from one published meta-analysis, 54 adult surveys on sitting time distribution (from 2002 to 2011), in conjunction with national statistics on population size, life table, and overall deaths. Population-attributable fraction for all-cause mortality associated with sitting time >3 hours/day was estimated for each country, WHO regions, and worldwide. Gains in life expectancy related to the elimination of sitting time >3 hours/day was estimated using life table analysis. RESULTS Sitting time was responsible for 3.8% of all-cause mortality (about 433,000 deaths/year) among those 54 countries. All-cause mortality due to sitting time was higher in the countries from the Western Pacific region, followed by European, Eastern Mediterranean, American, and Southeast Asian countries. Eliminating sitting time would increase life expectancy by 0.20 years in those countries. CONCLUSIONS Assuming that the effect of sitting time on all-cause mortality risk is independent of physical activity, reducing sitting time plays an important role in active lifestyle promotion, which is an important aspect of premature mortality prevention worldwide.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Thiago Hérick Sá
- Department of Nutrition, University of Sao Paulo School of Public Health, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Grégore Iven Mielke
- Federal University of Pelotas, Postgraduate Program in Epidemiology, Pelotas, Brazil
| | - Juliana Yukari Kodaira Viscondi
- Department of Preventive Medicine, University of Sao Paulo School of Medicine, São Paulo, Brazil; Medical Investigation Laboratories (LIM38), Clinics Hospital of Faculty of Medicine, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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Hamasaki H. Daily physical activity and type 2 diabetes: A review. World J Diabetes 2016; 7:243-51. [PMID: 27350847 PMCID: PMC4914832 DOI: 10.4239/wjd.v7.i12.243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2016] [Revised: 04/05/2016] [Accepted: 05/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Physical activity improves glycemic control and reduces the risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Moderate to vigorous physical activity is recommended to manage T2D; however, patients with T2D can be physically weak, making it difficult to engage in the recommended levels of physical activity. Daily physical activity includes various activities performed during both occupational and leisure time such as walking, gardening, and housework that type 2 diabetic patients should be able to perform without considerable physical burden. This review focuses on the association between daily physical activity and T2D. Walking was the most common form of daily physical activity, with numerous studies demonstrating its beneficial effects on reducing the risk of T2D, CVD, and mortality. Walking for at least 30 min per day was shown to reduce the risk of T2D by approximately 50%. Additionally, walking was associated with a reduction in mortality. In contrast, evidence was extremely limited regarding other daily physical activities such as gardening and housework in patients with T2D. Recent studies have suggested daily physical activity, including non-exercise activity thermogenesis, to be favorably associated with metabolic risks and mortality. However, well-designed longitudinal studies are warranted to elucidate its effects on overall health.
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Combating the Health Risks of Sedentary Behavior in the Contemporary Radiology Reading Room. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2016; 206:1135-40. [PMID: 27057784 DOI: 10.2214/ajr.15.15496] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE We detail the association of sedentary behavior with a variety of health problems and provide the radiologist with a number of simple activities and techniques that can improve overall health while still meeting the productivity demands of a high-volume practice. Although these techniques are well known and recognized in the fitness and nutrition literature, they are not widely used in the radiology reading room. The computer- and workstation-based work routinely performed by diagnostic radiologists typically occurs in the seated position, leading to more than 8 hours per day of sitting. Studies have found that even for those who exercise regularly, spending increased time sitting can negate the healthful effects of exercise. Time spent in a seated or sedentary position leads to slowing of one's metabolism, with negative resultant effects. CONCLUSION The concept of nonexercise activity thermogenesis (NEAT) will be described, with examples given of how to burn more calories while at work and, therefore, improve the health of the diagnostic radiologist. NEAT refers to the energy expended during activities of daily living, excluding sportlike or intentional exercise. The concept of NEAT must be understood by radiologists, because it allows the development of multiple strategies to combat the ill effects of sitting while working. Adding intermittent movement and stretching exercises throughout the day can stimulate metabolism. An understanding of the association of sedentary work behavior with a number of health risks is crucial for radiologists so that they can implement basic changes into their work routine, allowing them to increase activity to address and avoid these potential health hazards.
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Affiliation(s)
- E E van der Wall
- Netherlands Society of Cardiology/Holland Heart House, Moreelsepark 1, 3511 EP, Utrecht, The Netherlands.
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