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Meng Z, Liang B, Wu Y, Liu C, Wang H, Du Y, Gan L, Gao E, Lau WB, Christopher TA, Lopez BL, Koch WJ, Ma X, Zhao F, Wang Y, Zhao J. Hypoadiponectinemia-induced upregulation of microRNA449b downregulating Nrf-1 aggravates cardiac ischemia-reperfusion injury in diabetic mice. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2023; 182:1-14. [PMID: 37437402 PMCID: PMC10566306 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2023.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/25/2023] [Indexed: 07/14/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes enhances myocardial ischemic/reperfusion (MI/R) injury via an incompletely understood mechanism. Adiponectin (APN) is a cardioprotective adipokine suppressed by diabetes. However, how hypoadiponectinemia exacerbates cardiac injury remains incompletely understood. Dysregulation of miRNAs plays a significant role in disease development. However, whether hypoadiponectinemia alters cardiac miRNA profile, contributing to diabetic heart injury, remains unclear. Methods and Results: Wild-type (WT) and APN knockout (APN-KO) mice were subjected to MI/R. A cardiac microRNA profile was determined. Among 23 miRNAs increased in APN-KO mice following MI/R, miR-449b was most significantly upregulated (3.98-fold over WT mice). Administrating miR-449b mimic increased apoptosis, enlarged infarct size, and impaired cardiac function in WT mice. In contrast, anti-miR-449b decreased apoptosis, reduced infarct size, and improved cardiac function in APN-KO mice. Bioinformatic analysis predicted 73 miR-449b targeting genes, and GO analysis revealed oxidative stress as the top pathway regulated by these genes. Venn analysis followed by luciferase assay identified Nrf-1 and Ucp3 as the two most important miR-449b targets. In vivo administration of anti-miR-449b in APN-KO mice attenuated MI/R-stimulated superoxide overproduction. In vitro experiments demonstrated that high glucose/high lipid and simulated ischemia/reperfusion upregulated miR-449b and inhibited Nrf-1 and Ucp3 expression. These pathological effects were attenuated by anti-miR-449b or Nrf-1 overexpression. In a final attempt to validate our finding in a clinically relevant model, high-fat diet (HFD)-induced diabetic mice were subjected to MI/R and treated with anti-miR-449b or APN. Diabetes significantly increased miR-449b expression and downregulated Nrf-1 and Ucp3 expression. Administration of anti-miR-449b or APN preserved cardiac Nrf-1 expression, reduced cardiac oxidative stress, decreased apoptosis and infarct size, and improved cardiac function. Conclusion: We demonstrated for the first time that hypoadiponectinemia upregulates miR-449b and suppresses Nrf-1/Ucp3 expression, promoting oxidative stress and exacerbating MI/R injury in this population. Dysregulated APN/miR-449b/oxidative stress pathway is a potential therapeutic target against diabetic MI/R injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhijun Meng
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States of America
| | - Bin Liang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States of America
| | - Yalin Wu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35294, United States of America
| | - Caihong Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States of America
| | - Han Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States of America
| | - Yunhui Du
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States of America
| | - Lu Gan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States of America
| | - Erhe Gao
- Center of Translational Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States of America
| | - Wayne B Lau
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States of America
| | - Theodore A Christopher
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States of America
| | - Bernard L Lopez
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States of America
| | - Walter J Koch
- Center of Translational Medicine, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, United States of America
| | - Xinliang Ma
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States of America
| | - Fujie Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35294, United States of America
| | - Yajing Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, United States of America; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35294, United States of America.
| | - Jianli Zhao
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Alabama at Birmingham, AL 35294, United States of America.
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Zhu D, Zhang Z, Zhao J, Liu D, Gan L, Lau WB, Xie D, Meng Z, Yao P, Tsukuda J, Christopher TA, Lopez BL, Gao E, Koch WJ, Wang Y, Ma XL. Targeting Adiponectin Receptor 1 Phosphorylation Against Ischemic Heart Failure. Circ Res 2022; 131:e34-e50. [PMID: 35611695 PMCID: PMC9308652 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.121.319976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Despite significantly reduced acute myocardial infarction (MI) mortality in recent years, ischemic heart failure continues to escalate. Therapeutic interventions effectively reversing pathological remodeling are an urgent unmet medical need. We recently demonstrated that AdipoR1 (APN [adiponectin] receptor 1) phosphorylation by GRK2 (G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 2) contributes to maladaptive remodeling in the ischemic heart. The current study clarified the underlying mechanisms leading to AdipoR1 phosphorylative desensitization and investigated whether blocking AdipoR1 phosphorylation may restore its protective signaling, reversing post-MI remodeling. METHODS Specific sites and underlying molecular mechanisms responsible for AdipoR1 phosphorylative desensitization were investigated in vitro (neonatal and adult cardiomyocytes). The effects of AdipoR1 phosphorylation inhibition upon APN post-MI remodeling and heart failure progression were investigated in vivo. RESULTS Among 4 previously identified sites sensitive to GRK2 phosphorylation, alanine substitution of Ser205 (AdipoR1S205A), but not other 3 sites, rescued GRK2-suppressed AdipoR1 functions, restoring APN-induced cell salvage kinase activation and reducing oxidative cell death. The molecular investigation followed by functional determination demonstrated that AdipoR1 phosphorylation promoted clathrin-dependent (not caveolae) endocytosis and lysosomal-mediated (not proteasome) degradation, reducing AdipoR1 protein level and suppressing AdipoR1-mediated cytoprotective action. GRK2-induced AdipoR1 endocytosis and degradation were blocked by AdipoR1S205A overexpression. Moreover, AdipoR1S205E (pseudophosphorylation) phenocopied GRK2 effects, promoted AdipoR1 endocytosis and degradation, and inhibited AdipoR1 biological function. Most importantly, AdipoR1 function was preserved during heart failure development in AdipoR1-KO (AdipoR1 knockout) mice reexpressing hAdipoR1S205A. APN administration in the failing heart reversed post-MI remodeling and improved cardiac function. However, reexpressing hAdipoR1WT in AdipoR1-KO mice failed to restore APN cardioprotection. CONCLUSIONS Ser205 is responsible for AdipoR1 phosphorylative desensitization in the failing heart. Blockade of AdipoR1 phosphorylation followed by pharmacological APN administration is a novel therapy effective in reversing post-MI remodeling and mitigating heart failure progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Di Zhu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Zhen Zhang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Jianli Zhao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Demin Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Lu Gan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Wayne Bond Lau
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Dina Xie
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Zhijun Meng
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Peng Yao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Jumpei Tsukuda
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | | | - Bernard L. Lopez
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
| | - Erhe Gao
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Walter J. Koch
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences, Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19104
| | - Yajing Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
- Corresponding Authors: Xinliang (Xin) Ma, M.D., Ph.D, Department of Medicine and, Department of Emergency Medicine, 1025 Walnut Street, College Building 300, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, Tel: 215-955-4994, Or Yajing Wang, MD,PhD, Department of Emergency Medicine, 1025 Walnut Street, College Building 325, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, Tel: 215-955-8895,
| | - Xin-Liang Ma
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107
- Corresponding Authors: Xinliang (Xin) Ma, M.D., Ph.D, Department of Medicine and, Department of Emergency Medicine, 1025 Walnut Street, College Building 300, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, Tel: 215-955-4994, Or Yajing Wang, MD,PhD, Department of Emergency Medicine, 1025 Walnut Street, College Building 325, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, Tel: 215-955-8895,
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Mitsis A, Kadoglou NPE, Lambadiari V, Alexiou S, Theodoropoulos KC, Avraamides P, Kassimis G. Prognostic role of inflammatory cytokines and novel adipokines in acute myocardial infarction: An updated and comprehensive review. Cytokine 2022; 153:155848. [PMID: 35301174 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2022.155848] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2022] [Revised: 02/23/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Acute myocardial infarction (AMI) is one of the major causes of morbidity and mortality worldwide. The inflammation response during and after AMI is common and seems to play a key role in the peri-AMI period, related with ischaemia-reperfusion injury, adverse cardiac remodelling, infarct size and poor prognosis. In this article, we provide an updated and comprehensive overview of the most important cytokines and adipokines involved in the complex pathophysiology mechanisms in AMI, summarizing their prognostic role post-AMI. Data so far support that elevated levels of the major proinflammatory cytokines TNFα, IL-6 and IL-1 and the adipokines adiponectin, visfatin and resistin, are linked to high mortality and morbidity. In contrary, there is evidence that anti-inflammatory cytokines and adipokines as IL-10, omentin-1 and ghrelin can suppress the AMI-induced inflammatory response and are correlated with better prognosis. Mixed data make unclear the role of the novel adipokines leptin and apelin. After all, imbalance of pro-inflammatory and anti-inflammatory cytokines may result in worst AMI prognosis. The incorporation of these inflammation biomarkers in established prognostic models could further improve their prognostic power improving overall the management of AMI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andreas Mitsis
- Cardiology Department, Nicosia General Hospital, Cyprus.
| | | | - Vaia Lambadiari
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Research Institute and Diabetes Centre, Athens University Medical School, Attikon University General Hospital, Athens, Greece
| | - Sophia Alexiou
- Second Cardiology Department, "Hippokration" Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
| | | | | | - George Kassimis
- Second Cardiology Department, "Hippokration" Hospital, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, Thessaloniki, Greece
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Tagawa N, Fujinami A, Natsume S, Mizuno S, Kato I. Relationship between adiponectin multimer levels and subtypes of cerebral infarction. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0262542. [PMID: 35085298 PMCID: PMC8794129 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0262542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/28/2021] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim Serum adiponectin levels are decreased in patients with cerebral infarction. Adiponectin in circulation exists in three isoforms: high molecular weight (HMW), medium molecular weight (MMW), and low molecular weight (LMW) adiponectin. We measured serum levels of total adiponectin and adiponectin multimers (HMW, MMW, and LMW) in patients with cerebral infarction and compared the serum levels of the three adiponectin multimers in stroke subtypes. We also evaluated the clinical value of adiponectin multimer levels as a biomarker for cerebral infarction. Methods We assessed a total of 132 patients with cerebral infarctions. The serum levels of total and adiponectin multimers were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results The total and HMW adiponectin levels were significantly lower in atherothrombotic infarction (AI) than in cerebral embolism (CE) (total, p < 0.05; HMW, p < 0.05). In male patients, the MMW adiponectin level was significantly lower in the lacunar infarction (LI) group than in the AI group (p < 0.05). The LMW adiponectin level was significantly lower in the AI group than in the LI and CE groups (LI, p < 0.001; CE, p = 0.001). However, there were no significant differences in adiponectin multimer levels among the stroke subtypes in female subjects. Additionally, in female patients with AI and LI, the LMW adiponectin levels were negatively associated with C-reactive protein (CRP; AI, p < 0.05; LI, p < 0.05). Conclusion These findings suggest that a decrease in adiponectin is associated with AI and that serum LMW adiponectin level represents a potential biomarker for AI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noriko Tagawa
- Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, Japan
| | - Aya Fujinami
- Comprehensive Education and Research Center, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, Japan
| | | | - Shigeto Mizuno
- Endoscopy Department, Kindai University Nara Hospital, Ikoma, Japan
| | - Ikuo Kato
- Laboratory of Medical Biochemistry, Kobe Pharmaceutical University, Kobe, Japan
- * E-mail:
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5
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Gan L, Liu D, Xie D, Bond Lau W, Liu J, Christopher TA, Lopez B, Liu L, Hu H, Yao P, He Y, Gao E, Koch WJ, Zhao J, Ma XL, Cao Y, Wang Y. Ischemic Heart-Derived Small Extracellular Vesicles Impair Adipocyte Function. Circ Res 2022; 130:48-66. [PMID: 34763521 DOI: 10.1161/circresaha.121.320157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with acute myocardial infarction suffer systemic metabolic dysfunction via incompletely understood mechanisms. Adipocytes play critical role in metabolic homeostasis. The impact of acute myocardial infarction upon adipocyte function is unclear. Small extracellular vesicles (sEVs) critically contribute to organ-organ communication. Whether and how small extracellular vesicle mediate post-MI cardiomyocyte/adipocyte communication remain unknown. METHODS Plasma sEVs were isolated from sham control (Pla-sEVSham) or 3 hours after myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (Pla-sEVMI/R) and incubated with adipocytes for 24 hours. Compared with Pla-sEVSham, Pla-sEVMI/R significantly altered expression of genes known to be important in adipocyte function, including a well-known metabolic regulatory/cardioprotective adipokine, APN (adiponectin). Pla-sEVMI/R activated 2 (PERK-CHOP and ATF6 [transcription factor 6]-EDEM [ER degradation enhancing alpha-mannosidase like protein 1] pathways) of the 3 endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress pathways in adipocytes. These pathological alterations were also observed in adipocytes treated with sEVs isolated from adult cardiomyocytes subjected to in vivo myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) (Myo-sEVMI/R). Bioinformatic/RT-qPCR analysis demonstrates that the members of miR-23-27-24 cluster are significantly increased in Pla-sEVMI/R, Myo-sEVMI/R, and adipose tissue of MI/R animals. Administration of cardiomyocyte-specific miR-23-27-24 sponges abolished adipocyte miR-23-27-24 elevation in MI/R animals, supporting the cardiomyocyte origin of adipocyte miR-23-27-24 cluster. In similar fashion to Myo-sEVMI/R, a miR-27a mimic activated PERK-CHOP and ATF6-EDEM-mediated ER stress. Conversely, a miR-27a inhibitor significantly attenuated Myo-sEVMI/R-induced ER stress and restored APN production. RESULTS An unbiased approach identified EDEM3 (ER degradation enhancing alpha-mannosidase like protein 3) as a novel downstream target of miR-27a. Adipocyte EDEM3 deficiency phenocopied multiple pathological alterations caused by Myo-sEVMI/R, whereas EDEM3 overexpression attenuated Myo-sEVMI/R-resulted ER stress. Finally, administration of GW4869 or cardiomyocyte-specific miR-23-27-24 cluster sponges attenuated adipocyte ER stress, improved adipocyte endocrine function, and restored plasma APN levels in MI/R animals. CONCLUSIONS We demonstrate for the first time that MI/R causes significant adipocyte ER stress and endocrine dysfunction by releasing miR-23-27-24 cluster-enriched small extracellular vesicle. Targeting small extracellular vesicle-mediated cardiomyocyte-adipocyte pathological communication may be of therapeutic potential to prevent metabolic dysfunction after MI/R.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lu Gan
- Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital (L.G., L.L., H.H., P.Y., Y.H., Y.C.), Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (L.G., D.L., D.X., W.B.L., J.L., T.A.C., B.L., P.Y., J.Z., X.-L.M., Y.W.)
| | - Demin Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (L.G., D.L., D.X., W.B.L., J.L., T.A.C., B.L., P.Y., J.Z., X.-L.M., Y.W.)
- Department of Cardiology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China (D.L.)
| | - Dina Xie
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (L.G., D.L., D.X., W.B.L., J.L., T.A.C., B.L., P.Y., J.Z., X.-L.M., Y.W.)
| | - Wayne Bond Lau
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (L.G., D.L., D.X., W.B.L., J.L., T.A.C., B.L., P.Y., J.Z., X.-L.M., Y.W.)
| | - Jing Liu
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (L.G., D.L., D.X., W.B.L., J.L., T.A.C., B.L., P.Y., J.Z., X.-L.M., Y.W.)
| | - Theodore A Christopher
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (L.G., D.L., D.X., W.B.L., J.L., T.A.C., B.L., P.Y., J.Z., X.-L.M., Y.W.)
| | - Bernard Lopez
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (L.G., D.L., D.X., W.B.L., J.L., T.A.C., B.L., P.Y., J.Z., X.-L.M., Y.W.)
| | - Lian Liu
- Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital (L.G., L.L., H.H., P.Y., Y.H., Y.C.), Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hang Hu
- Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital (L.G., L.L., H.H., P.Y., Y.H., Y.C.), Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Peng Yao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (L.G., D.L., D.X., W.B.L., J.L., T.A.C., B.L., P.Y., J.Z., X.-L.M., Y.W.)
| | - Yarong He
- Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital (L.G., L.L., H.H., P.Y., Y.H., Y.C.), Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Erhe Gao
- Laboratory of Emergency Medicine, Department of Emergency Medicine and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatrics, West China Hospital (L.G., L.L., H.H., P.Y., Y.H., Y.C.), Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
- Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (E.G., W.J.K.)
| | - Walter J Koch
- Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (E.G., W.J.K.)
| | - Jianli Zhao
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (L.G., D.L., D.X., W.B.L., J.L., T.A.C., B.L., P.Y., J.Z., X.-L.M., Y.W.)
| | - Xin-Liang Ma
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (L.G., D.L., D.X., W.B.L., J.L., T.A.C., B.L., P.Y., J.Z., X.-L.M., Y.W.)
| | - Yu Cao
- Disaster Medical Center (Y.C.), Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yajing Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA (L.G., D.L., D.X., W.B.L., J.L., T.A.C., B.L., P.Y., J.Z., X.-L.M., Y.W.)
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Lin Y, Ding S, Chen Y, Xiang M, Xie Y. Cardiac Adipose Tissue Contributes to Cardiac Repair: a Review. Stem Cell Rev Rep 2021; 17:1137-1153. [PMID: 33389679 DOI: 10.1007/s12015-020-10097-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 11/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac adipose tissue is a metabolically active adipose tissue in close proximity to heart. Recent studies emphasized the benefits of cardiac adipose tissue in heart remodeling, such as reducing infarction size, enhancing neovascularization and regulating immune response, through a series of cellular mechanisms. In the present manuscript, we provide a comprehensive review regarding the role of cardiac adipose tissue in cardiac repair. We focus on different cardiac adipose tissues according to their distinguished anatomical structures. This review summarizes the latest evidence on the relationship between cardiac adipose tissue and cardiac repair. Cardiac adipose tissues (CAT) were systematically reviewed in the current manuscript which focused on the components of CAT, debates about cardiac adipose stem cells and their effect on heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Lin
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Siyin Ding
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yuwen Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Meixiang Xiang
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yao Xie
- Department of Cardiology, Cardiovascular Key Laboratory of Zhejiang Province, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, 88 Jiefang Road, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China.
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Du Y, Zhang S, Yu H, Wu Y, Cao N, Wang W, Xu W, Li Y, Liu H. Autoantibodies Against β 1-Adrenoceptor Exaggerated Ventricular Remodeling by Inhibiting CTRP9 Expression. J Am Heart Assoc 2020; 8:e010475. [PMID: 30764693 PMCID: PMC6405676 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.118.010475] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Background Autoantibodies against the second extracellular loop of the β1‐adrenoceptor (β1‐AA) act similarly to agonist of β1‐adrenergic receptor, which plays an important role in the pathophysiological characteristics of ventricular remodeling. Recently, considerable lines of evidence have suggested that CTRP9 (C1q tumor necrosis factor–related protein 9) is a potent cardioprotective cardiokine and protects the heart from ventricular remodeling. The aim of this study was to determine the role of CTRP9 in ventricular remodeling induced by β1‐AA. Methods and Results Blood samples were collected from 131 patients with coronary heart disease and 131 healthy subjects. The serum levels of β1‐AA and CTRP9 were detected using ELISA. The results revealed that CTRP9 levels in β1‐AA–positive patients were lower than those in β1‐AA–negative patients, and serum CTRP9 concentrations were inversely correlated with β1‐AA. β1‐AA monoclonal antibodies (β1‐AAmAbs) were administered in mice with and without rAAV9‐cTnT‐Full Ctrp9‐FLAG virus for 8 weeks. Reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction/Western analysis showed that cardiomyocyte CTRP9 expression was significantly reduced in β1‐AAmAb–treated mice. Moreover, compared with the β1‐AAmAb alone group, cardiac‐specific CTRP9 overexpression improved cardiac function, attenuated adverse remodeling, and ameliorated cardiomyocyte apoptosis and fibrosis. Mechanistic studies demonstrated that CTRP9 overexpression decreased the levels of G‐protein–coupled receptor kinase 2 and promoted the activation of AMP‐dependent kinase pathway. However, cardiac‐specific overexpression of CTRP9 had no effect on the levels of cAMP and protein kinase A activity elevated by β1‐AAmAb. Conclusions This study provides the first evidence that the long‐term existence of β1‐AAmAb suppresses cardiac CTRP9 expression and exaggerates cardiac remodeling, suggesting that CTRP9 may be a novel therapeutic target against pathologic remodeling in β1‐AA–positive patients with coronary heart disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhui Du
- 1 Beijing Anzhen Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing Institute of Heart, Lung and Blood Vessel Diseases Beijing China
| | - Shihan Zhang
- 2 Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology School of Basic Medical Sciences Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Haicun Yu
- 2 Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology School of Basic Medical Sciences Capital Medical University Beijing China.,4 Zhengzhou Central Hospital affiliated of Zhengzhou University Henan Province China
| | - Ye Wu
- 2 Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology School of Basic Medical Sciences Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Ning Cao
- 2 Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology School of Basic Medical Sciences Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Wen Wang
- 2 Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology School of Basic Medical Sciences Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Wenli Xu
- 2 Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology School of Basic Medical Sciences Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Yuming Li
- 3 Department of Basic Medical Sciences Yanjing Medical College Capital Medical University Beijing China
| | - Huirong Liu
- 2 Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology School of Basic Medical Sciences Capital Medical University Beijing China
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Niedziela M, Wojciechowska M, Zarębiński M, Cudnoch-Jędrzejewska A, Mazurek T. Adiponectin promotes ischemic heart preconditioning- PRO and CON. Cytokine 2020; 127:154981. [PMID: 31911263 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2019.154981] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2019] [Revised: 12/07/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Magdalena Niedziela
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Center for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Małgorzata Wojciechowska
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Center for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland; Independent Public Specialist Western Hospital John Paul II in Grodzisk Mazowiecki, Poland.
| | - Maciej Zarębiński
- Independent Public Specialist Western Hospital John Paul II in Grodzisk Mazowiecki, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Cudnoch-Jędrzejewska
- Department of Experimental and Clinical Physiology, Laboratory of Center for Preclinical Research, Medical University of Warsaw, Warsaw, Poland
| | - Tomasz Mazurek
- 1st Chair and Department of Cardiology, Medical University of Warsaw, Poland
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9
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Clausen ES, Frankel C, Palmer SM, Snyder LD, Smith PJ. Pre-transplant weight loss and clinical outcomes after lung transplantation. J Heart Lung Transplant 2018; 37:1443-1447. [PMID: 30228085 PMCID: PMC6653635 DOI: 10.1016/j.healun.2018.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2018] [Revised: 06/20/2018] [Accepted: 07/19/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Patients with greater adiposity before lung transplantation are at an increased risk for worse post-transplant outcomes. Few studies have addressed whether pre-transplant weight loss mitigates this risk. In this study we examined the association between pre-transplant weight loss and post-transplant clinical outcomes. METHODS We conducted a retrospective cohort study of patients who received a lung transplant at the Duke University Hospital from May 1, 2005 to April 30, 2015. The sample included adult transplant recipients with restrictive, obstructive, and vascular diseases. Cox proportional hazards models were used to examine mortality and chronic lung allograft dysfunction (CLAD)-free survival, and negative binomial regression analyses were used to examine length of stay (LOS). Weight loss was assessed from change in body mass index (BMI). RESULTS The cohort consisted of 810 patients. Initially, 403 (50%) were overweight and 109 (13%) were obese by BMI criteria. Greater pre-transplant weight loss was associated with dose-response improvements in survival (hazard ratio [HR] 0.83 [0.72 to 0.97], p = 0.018), with modest (0% to 3%, HR 0.91), moderate (7% to 10%, HR 0.83), and high (>15%, HR 0.71) levels of weight loss conferring longer survival, independent of initial weight (p = 0.533 for interaction). Weight loss was also associated with improved CLAD-free survival (HR 0.84 [0.71 to 0.99], p = 0.034) and shorter LOS (b = ‒0.17, p < 0.001). CONCLUSIONS Weight loss before transplantation was associated with improved short- and long-term clinical outcomes, independent of initial weight. Survival improved proportionally to percentage of weight lost. The mechanisms by which weight loss improve clinical outcomes warrant further exploration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Siu Clausen
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA.
| | - Courtney Frankel
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Scott M Palmer
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Laurie D Snyder
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
| | - Patrick J Smith
- Department of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina, USA
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10
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Piao L, Yu C, Xu W, Inoue A, Shibata R, Li X, Nan Y, Zhao G, Wang H, Meng X, Lei Y, Goto H, Ouchi N, Murohara T, Kuzuya M, Cheng XW. Adiponectin/AdiopR1 signal inactivation contributes to impaired angiogenesis in mice of advanced age. Int J Cardiol 2018; 267:150-155. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2018.05.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2018] [Revised: 05/21/2018] [Accepted: 05/23/2018] [Indexed: 10/16/2022]
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11
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Beaty C, Si MS. Temporary external flow mechanical circulatory support: Going with the flow? J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 2018; 156:166-167. [PMID: 29680715 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtcvs.2018.03.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Claude Beaty
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Section of Pediatric Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich
| | - Ming-Sing Si
- Department of Cardiac Surgery, Section of Pediatric Cardiovascular Surgery, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich.
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12
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Shibata R, Ouchi N, Ohashi K, Murohara T. The role of adipokines in cardiovascular disease. J Cardiol 2017; 70:329-334. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2017.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2017] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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13
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Natsukawa T, Maeda N, Fukuda S, Yamaoka M, Fujishima Y, Nagao H, Sato F, Nishizawa H, Sawano H, Hayashi Y, Funahashi T, Kai T, Shimomura I. Significant Association of Serum Adiponectin and Creatine Kinase-MB Levels in ST-Segment Elevation Myocardial Infarction. J Atheroscler Thromb 2017; 24:793-803. [PMID: 28100880 PMCID: PMC5556187 DOI: 10.5551/jat.38232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Aims: Adiponectin, an adipocyte-specific secretory protein, abundantly exists in the blood stream while its concentration paradoxically decreases in obesity. Hypoadiponectinemia is one of risks of cardiovascular diseases. However, impact of serum adiponectin concentration on acute ischemic myocardial damages has not been fully clarified. The present study investigated the association of serum adiponectin and creatine kinase (CK)-MB levels in subjects with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI). Methods: This study is a physician-initiated observational study and is also registered with the University Hospital Medical Information Network (Number: UMIN 000014418). Patients were admitted to Senri Critical Care Medical Center, given a diagnosis of STEMI, and treated by primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI). Finally, 49 patients were enrolled and the association of serum adiponectin, CK-MB, and clinical features were mainly analyzed. Results: Serum adiponectin levels decreased rapidly and reached the bottom at 24 hours after recanalization. Such reduction of serum adiponectin was inversely correlated with the area under the curve (AUC) of serum CK-MB (p = 0.013). Serum adiponectin concentrations were inversely correlated with AUC of serum CK-MB. In multivariate analysis, serum adiponectin concentration on admission (p = 0.002) and collateral (p = 0.037) were significantly and independently correlated with serum AUC of CK-MB. Conclusion: Serum AUC of CK-MB in STEMI subjects was significantly associated with serum adiponectin concentration on admission and reduction of serum adiponectin levels from baseline to bottom. The present study may provide a possibility that serum adiponectin levels at acute phase are useful in the prediction for prognosis after PCI-treated STEMI subjects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomoaki Natsukawa
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University.,Senri Critical Care Medical Center, Osaka Saiseikai Senri Hospital
| | - Norikazu Maeda
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University.,Department of Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University
| | - Shiro Fukuda
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University
| | - Masaya Yamaoka
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University
| | - Yuya Fujishima
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University
| | - Hirofumi Nagao
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University
| | - Fumi Sato
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University
| | - Hitoshi Nishizawa
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University
| | - Hirotaka Sawano
- Senri Critical Care Medical Center, Osaka Saiseikai Senri Hospital
| | - Yasuyuki Hayashi
- Senri Critical Care Medical Center, Osaka Saiseikai Senri Hospital
| | - Tohru Funahashi
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University.,Department of Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University
| | - Tatsuro Kai
- Senri Critical Care Medical Center, Osaka Saiseikai Senri Hospital
| | - Iichiro Shimomura
- Department of Metabolic Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, Osaka University
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14
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Cao RY, Zheng H, Guo J, Redfearn DP. Prognostic value of plasma biomarkers in patients with acute coronary syndrome: a review of advances in the past decade. Biomark Med 2016; 10:525-35. [PMID: 27089223 DOI: 10.2217/bmm-2015-0029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Acute coronary syndrome (ACS), especially myocardial infarction, commonly known as a heart attack, is a serious life-threatening cardiovascular disease. Despite dramatic therapeutic advances, there have still been more than 20% patients with ACS suffering recurrent adverse cardiovascular events 3 years after disease onset. Therefore, the aim to prevent cardiac death caused by the heart attack remains challenging. Plasma biomarkers, originally developed to complement clinical assessment and electrocardiographic examination for the diagnosis of ACS, have been reported to play important prognostic roles in predicting adverse outcomes. These biomarkers mirror different pathophysiological mechanisms in association with ACS. In this review, we focus on advances of prognostic biomarkers in the past decade for short- and long-term risk assessment and management of patients with ACS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Richard Y Cao
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital/Shanghai Clinical Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongchao Zheng
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital/Shanghai Clinical Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Junjun Guo
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital/Shanghai Clinical Research Center, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, China
| | - Damian P Redfearn
- Department of Biomedical & Molecular Sciences, Queen's University, Kingston, Ontario, Canada.,Department of Medicine, Kingston General Hospital, Kingston, Ontario, Canada
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15
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Wang W, Lau WB, Wang Y, Ma X, Li R. Reduction of CTRP9, a novel anti-platelet adipokine, contributes to abnormal platelet activity in diabetic animals. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2016; 15:6. [PMID: 26754066 PMCID: PMC4709932 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-015-0321-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/23/2015] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Platelet hyper-reactivity is a crucial cause of accelerated atherosclerosis increasing risk of thrombotic vascular events in diabetic patients. The mechanisms leading to abnormal platelet activity during diabetes are complex and not fully defined. The current study attempted to clarify the role of CTRP9, a novel adiponectin paralog, in enhanced platelet activity and determined whether CTRP9 may inhibit platelet activity. Adult male C57BL/6 J mice were randomized to receive high-fat diet (HFD) or normal diet (ND). 8 weeks after HFD, animals were sacrificed, and both plasma CTRP9 and platelet aggregation were determined. HFD-fed animals increased weight gain significantly, and became hyperglycemic and hyperinsulinemic 8 weeks post-HFD. Compared to ND animals, HFD animals exhibited significantly decreased plasma CTRP9 concentration and increased platelet response to ADP, evidenced by augmented aggregation amplitude, steeper aggregation slope, larger area under the curve, and shorter lag time (P < 0.01). A significant negative correlation between plasma CTRP9 concentration and platelet aggregation amplitude was observed. More importantly, in vitro pre-treatment with CTRP9 significantly inhibited ADP-stimulated platelet activation in platelet samples from both ND and HFD animals. Taken together, our results suggest reduced plasma CTRP9 concentration during diabetes plays a causative role in platelet hyper-activity, contributing to platelet-induced cardiovascular damage during this pathologic condition. Enhancing CTRP9 production and/or exogenous supplementation of CTRP9 may protect against diabetic cardiovascular injury via inhibition of abnormal platelet activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Wang
- Department of Hematology, Tangdu Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 710038, Xian, People's Republic of China.
| | - Wayne Bond Lau
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, 1025 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA.
| | - Yajing Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, 1025 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA.
| | - Xinliang Ma
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, 1025 Walnut Street, Philadelphia, PA, 19107, USA.
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Geriatrics, Xijing Hospital, The Fourth Military Medical University, 710032, Xian, People's Republic of China.
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16
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Carbone F, Burger F, Roversi G, Tamborino C, Casetta I, Seraceni S, Trentini A, Padroni M, Bertolotto M, Dallegri F, Mach F, Fainardi E, Montecucco F. Leptin/adiponectin ratio predicts poststroke neurological outcome. Eur J Clin Invest 2015; 45:1184-91. [PMID: 26381386 DOI: 10.1111/eci.12538] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Accepted: 09/13/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS Different adipokines have been associated with atherosclerotic plaque rupture and cardiovascular events, such as acute ischaemic stroke (AIS). However, the potential role of these molecules in postischaemic brain injury remains largely unknown. METHODS AND METHODS We performed a substudy analysis on nonobese patients with first atherothrombotic stroke (n = 35) from a recently published prospective cohort. Primary endpoint was to investigate the predictive value of serum leptin/adiponectin ratio on neurological recovery at 90 days after AIS. The secondary endpoint was the predictive value of serum adipokine levels of clinical and radiological outcomes at a shorter follow-up (at days 1 and 7 after AIS). The radiological evaluation included ischaemic lesion volume and haemorrhagic transformation (HT). The clinical examination was based on National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale (NIHSS) and modified Rankin Scale (mRS). RESULTS At day 1 after AIS, serum leptin and leptin/adiponectin ratio were increased and inversely correlated with both radiological and clinical parameters at all follow-up time points. Once identified the best cut-off points by receiver operating characteristic (ROC) analysis, risk analysis showed that higher circulating leptin improved neurological recovery at day 90. In addition, leptin/adiponectin ratio maintained statistical significance after adjustment for age, gender and thrombolysis, also predicting the occurrence of HT in the first 7 days after AIS (adjusted OR 0·15 [95% CI 0·03-0·83); P = 0·030]). CONCLUSIONS Higher leptin/adiponectin ratio at day 1 predicted better neurological outcomes in patients with atherothrombotic AIS and might be potentially useful as a prognostic biomarker of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Federico Carbone
- Division of Cardiology, Foundation for Medical Researches, Department of Medical Specialties, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Fabienne Burger
- Division of Cardiology, Foundation for Medical Researches, Department of Medical Specialties, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Gloria Roversi
- Department of Biological, Psychiatric and Psychological Science, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria, Arcispedale S. Anna, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Carmine Tamborino
- Department of Biological, Psychiatric and Psychological Science, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria, Arcispedale S. Anna, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Ilaria Casetta
- Department of Biological, Psychiatric and Psychological Science, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria, Arcispedale S. Anna, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Silva Seraceni
- Istitute for Maternal and Child Health "IRCCS Burlo Garofolo", Trieste, Italy
| | - Alessandro Trentini
- Section of Medical Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Genetics, Department of Biomedical and Specialist Surgical Sciences, University of Ferrara, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Marina Padroni
- Department of Biological, Psychiatric and Psychological Science, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria, Arcispedale S. Anna, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Maria Bertolotto
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa - IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino -IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genoa, Italy
| | - Franco Dallegri
- First Clinic of Internal Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Genoa - IRCCS Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria San Martino -IST Istituto Nazionale per la Ricerca sul Cancro, Genoa, Italy
| | - François Mach
- Division of Cardiology, Foundation for Medical Researches, Department of Medical Specialties, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Enrico Fainardi
- Neuroradiology Unit, Department of Neurosciences and Rehabilitation, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria, Arcispedale S. Anna, Ferrara, Italy
| | - Fabrizio Montecucco
- Division of Cardiology, Foundation for Medical Researches, Department of Medical Specialties, Geneva University, Geneva, Switzerland.,Neuroradiology Unit, Department of Neurosciences and Rehabilitation, Azienda Ospedaliera-Universitaria, Arcispedale S. Anna, Ferrara, Italy
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17
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Zhang Y, Zhao J, Li R, Lau WB, Yuan YX, Liang B, Li R, Gao EH, Koch WJ, Ma XL, Wang YJ. AdipoRon, the first orally active adiponectin receptor activator, attenuates postischemic myocardial apoptosis through both AMPK-mediated and AMPK-independent signalings. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2015; 309:E275-82. [PMID: 26037251 PMCID: PMC4525114 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00577.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2014] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Adiponectin (APN) is a cardioprotective molecule. Its reduction in diabetes exacerbates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury. Although APN administration in animals attenuates MI/R injury, multiple factors limit its clinical application. The current study investigated whether AdipoRon, the first orally active molecule that binds APN receptors, may protect the heart against MI/R injury, and if so, to delineate the involved mechanisms. Wild-type (WT), APN knockout (APN-KO), and cardiomyocyte specific-AMPK dominant negative (AMPK-DN) mice were treated with vehicle or AdipoRon (50 mg/kg, 10 min prior to MI) and subjected to MI/R (30 min/3-24 h). Compared with vehicle, oral administration of AdipoRon to WT mice significantly improved cardiac function and attenuated postischemic cardiomyocyte apoptosis, determined by DNA ladder formation, TUNEL staining, and caspase-3 activation (all P < 0.01). MI/R-induced apoptotic cell death was significantly enhanced in mice deficient in either APN (APN-KO) or AMPK (AMPK-DN). In APN-KO mice, AdipoRon attenuated MI/R injury to the same degree as observed in WT mice. In AMPK-DN mice, AdipoRon's antiapoptotic action was partially inhibited but not lost. Finally, AdipoRon significantly attenuated postischemic oxidative stress, as evidenced by reduced NADPH oxidase expression and superoxide production. Collectively, these results demonstrate for the first time that AdipoRon, an orally active APN receptor activator, effectively attenuated postischemic cardiac injury, supporting APN receptor agonists as a promising novel therapeutic approach treating cardiovascular complications caused by obesity-related disorders such as type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanqing Zhang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Jianli Zhao
- Department of Anesthesiology, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Rui Li
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Wayne Bond Lau
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Yue-Xing Yuan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Bin Liang
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China
| | - Rong Li
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Er-He Gao
- Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Walter J Koch
- Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Xin-Liang Ma
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and
| | - Ya-Jing Wang
- Department of Physiology, Key Laboratory of Cellular Physiology, Ministry of Education, Shanxi Medical University, Taiyuan, China; Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and
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18
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Koentges C, König A, Pfeil K, Hölscher ME, Schnick T, Wende AR, Schrepper A, Cimolai MC, Kersting S, Hoffmann MM, Asal J, Osterholt M, Odening KE, Doenst T, Hein L, Abel ED, Bode C, Bugger H. Myocardial mitochondrial dysfunction in mice lacking adiponectin receptor 1. Basic Res Cardiol 2015; 110:37. [DOI: 10.1007/s00395-015-0495-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Revised: 04/25/2015] [Accepted: 05/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
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19
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Yuan Y, Lau WB, Su H, Sun Y, Yi W, Du Y, Christopher T, Lopez B, Wang Y, Ma XL. C1q-TNF-related protein-9, a novel cardioprotetcive cardiokine, requires proteolytic cleavage to generate a biologically active globular domain isoform. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2015; 308:E891-8. [PMID: 25783894 PMCID: PMC4436995 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00450.2014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2014] [Accepted: 03/10/2015] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Prevalence and severity of postmyocardial infarction heart failure continually escalate in type 2 diabetes via incompletely understood mechanisms. The discovery of the cardiac secretomes, collectively known as "cardiokines", has significantly enhanced appreciation of the local microenvironment's influence on disease development. Recent studies demonstrated that C1q-TNF-related protein-9 (CTRP9), a newly discovered adiponectin (APN) paralog, is highly expressed in the heart. However, its relationship with APN (concerning diabetic cardiovascular injury in particular) remains unknown. Plasma CTRP9 levels are elevated in APN knockout and reduced in diabetic mice. In contrast to APN, which circulates as full-length multimers, CTRP9 circulates in the plasma primarily in the globular domain isoform (gCTRP9). Recombinant full-length CTRP9 (fCTRP9) was cleaved when incubated with cardiac tissue extracts, generating gCTRP9, a process inhibited by protease inhibitor cocktail. gCTRP9 rapidly activates cardiac survival kinases, including AMPK, Akt, and endothelial NOS. However, fCTRP9-mediated kinase activation is much less potent and significantly delayed. Kinase activation by fCTRP9, but not gCTRP9, is inhibited by protease inhibitor cocktail. These results demonstrate for the first time that the novel cardiokine CTRP9 undergoes proteolytic cleavage to generate gCTRP9, the dominant circulatory and actively cardioprotective isoform. Enhancing cardiac CTRP9 production and/or its proteolytic posttranslational modification are of therapeutic potential, attenuating diabetic cardiac injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuexing Yuan
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Chinese Traditional Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Wayne Bond Lau
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Hui Su
- Department of Geriatrics, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yang Sun
- Department of Geriatrics, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Wei Yi
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yunhui Du
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Theodore Christopher
- Department of Geriatrics, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Bernard Lopez
- Department of Geriatrics, Xijing Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University, Xi'an, China
| | - Yajing Wang
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania
| | - Xin-Liang Ma
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; Center for Translational Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania; and
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20
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Rohrbach S, Troidl C, Hamm C, Schulz R. Ischemia and reperfusion related myocardial inflammation: A network of cells and mediators targeting the cardiomyocyte. IUBMB Life 2015; 67:110-9. [PMID: 25850820 DOI: 10.1002/iub.1352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2014] [Accepted: 01/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Occlusion of a coronary artery if maintained for longer period of time results in damage of the cardiac tissue. However, restoration of blood flow to previously ischemic tissue can itself induce further cardiac damage, a phenomenon known as myocardial reperfusion injury. Cardiac homoeostasis is supported by a network of direct and indirect interactions between cardiomyocytes and resident cell types such as fibroblasts, adipocytes, and endothelial cells or invading blood cells. This review will discuss the role of the cellular interplay in ischemia-reperfusion injury from a cardiomyocyte-centered view, although we are aware that other cellular interactions are equally important. We will try to work out currently unresolved questions and potential future directions in the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Rohrbach
- Institute of Physiology, Justus Liebig University Giessen, Giessen, Germany
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21
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Amasyali B, Kilic A. The effect of adiponectin on the results of coronary interventions in patients with acute coronary syndromes: Primary phenomenon or epiphenomena? J Cardiol 2015; 65:257-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2014.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2014] [Accepted: 07/30/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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22
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Trifunovic D, Marinkovic J, Beleslin B, Ostojic M. Author's reply. J Cardiol 2015; 65:258. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2014.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2014] [Accepted: 09/03/2014] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
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23
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Wang Y, Gao E, Lau WB, Wang Y, Liu G, Li JJ, Wang X, Yuan Y, Koch WJ, Ma XL. G-protein-coupled receptor kinase 2-mediated desensitization of adiponectin receptor 1 in failing heart. Circulation 2015; 131:1392-404. [PMID: 25696921 DOI: 10.1161/circulationaha.114.015248] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 02/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/23/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Phosphorylative desensitization of G-protein-coupled receptors contributes significantly to post-myocardial infarction (MI) remodeling and heart failure (HF). Here, we determined whether adiponectin receptors (AdipoRs) 1 and 2 (the 7-transmembrane domain-containing receptors mediating adiponectin functions) are phosphorylatively modified and functionally impaired after MI. METHODS AND RESULTS Post-MI HF was induced by coronary artery occlusion. Receptor phosphorylation, kinase expression, and adiponectin function were determined via in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro models. AdipoR1 and AdipoR2 are not phosphorylated in the normal heart. However, AdipoR1 was significantly phosphorylated after MI, peaking at 7 days and remaining significantly phosphorylated thereafter. The extent of post-MI AdipoR1 phosphorylation positively correlated with the expression level of GPCR kinase (GRK) 2, the predominant GRK isoform upregulated in the failing heart. Cardiac-specific GRK2 knockout virtually abolished post-MI AdipoR1 phosphorylation, whereas virus-mediated GRK2 overexpression significantly phosphorylated AdipoR1 and blocked adiponectin metabolic-regulatory/anti-inflammatory signaling. Mass spectrometry identified serine-7, threonine-24, and threonine-53 (residues located in the n-terminal intracellular AdipoR1 region) as the GRK2 phosphorylation sites. Ex vivo experiments demonstrated that adenosine monophosphate-activated protein kinase activation and the anti-tumor necrosis factor-α effect of adiponectin were significantly inhibited in cardiomyocytes isolated from nonischemic area 7 days after MI. In vivo experiments demonstrated that acute adiponectin administration-induced cardiac GLUT4 translocation and endothelial nitric oxide synthase phosphorylation were blunted 7 days after MI. Continuous adiponectin administration beginning 7 days after MI failed to protect the heart from adverse remodeling and HF progression. Finally, cardiac-specific GRK2 knockdown restored the cardioprotective effect of adiponectin. CONCLUSION AdipoR1 is phosphorylatively modified and desensitized by GRK2 in failing cardiomyocytes, contributing to post-MI remodeling and HF progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Wang
- From Department of Emergency Medicine (Y.W., W.B.L., Y.W., G.L., J.-J.L., X.W., Y.Y., X.-L.M.) and Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine (X.-L.M.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; and Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (E.G., W.J.K.).
| | - Erhe Gao
- From Department of Emergency Medicine (Y.W., W.B.L., Y.W., G.L., J.-J.L., X.W., Y.Y., X.-L.M.) and Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine (X.-L.M.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; and Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (E.G., W.J.K.)
| | - Wayne Bond Lau
- From Department of Emergency Medicine (Y.W., W.B.L., Y.W., G.L., J.-J.L., X.W., Y.Y., X.-L.M.) and Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine (X.-L.M.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; and Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (E.G., W.J.K.)
| | - Yang Wang
- From Department of Emergency Medicine (Y.W., W.B.L., Y.W., G.L., J.-J.L., X.W., Y.Y., X.-L.M.) and Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine (X.-L.M.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; and Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (E.G., W.J.K.)
| | - Gaizheng Liu
- From Department of Emergency Medicine (Y.W., W.B.L., Y.W., G.L., J.-J.L., X.W., Y.Y., X.-L.M.) and Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine (X.-L.M.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; and Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (E.G., W.J.K.)
| | - Jing-Jing Li
- From Department of Emergency Medicine (Y.W., W.B.L., Y.W., G.L., J.-J.L., X.W., Y.Y., X.-L.M.) and Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine (X.-L.M.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; and Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (E.G., W.J.K.)
| | - Xiaoliang Wang
- From Department of Emergency Medicine (Y.W., W.B.L., Y.W., G.L., J.-J.L., X.W., Y.Y., X.-L.M.) and Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine (X.-L.M.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; and Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (E.G., W.J.K.)
| | - Yuexing Yuan
- From Department of Emergency Medicine (Y.W., W.B.L., Y.W., G.L., J.-J.L., X.W., Y.Y., X.-L.M.) and Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine (X.-L.M.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; and Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (E.G., W.J.K.)
| | - Walter J Koch
- From Department of Emergency Medicine (Y.W., W.B.L., Y.W., G.L., J.-J.L., X.W., Y.Y., X.-L.M.) and Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine (X.-L.M.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; and Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (E.G., W.J.K.)
| | - Xin-Liang Ma
- From Department of Emergency Medicine (Y.W., W.B.L., Y.W., G.L., J.-J.L., X.W., Y.Y., X.-L.M.) and Center for Translational Medicine, Department of Medicine (X.-L.M.), Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA; and Center for Translational Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA (E.G., W.J.K.).
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Seropian IM, Sonnino C, Van Tassell BW, Biasucci LM, Abbate A. Inflammatory markers in ST-elevation acute myocardial infarction. EUROPEAN HEART JOURNAL-ACUTE CARDIOVASCULAR CARE 2015; 5:382-95. [PMID: 25681486 DOI: 10.1177/2048872615568965] [Citation(s) in RCA: 61] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2014] [Accepted: 01/02/2015] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
After acute myocardial infarction, ventricular remodeling is characterized by changes at the molecular, structural, geometrical and functional level that determine progression to heart failure. Inflammation plays a key role in wound healing and scar formation, affecting ventricular remodeling. Several, rather different, components of the inflammatory response were studied as biomarkers in ST-elevation acute myocardial infarction. Widely available and inexpensive tests, such as leukocyte count at admission, as well as more sophisticated immunoassays provide powerful predictors of adverse outcome in patients with ST-elevation acute myocardial infarction. We review the value of inflammatory markers in ST-elevation acute myocardial infarction and their association with ventricular remodeling, heart failure and sudden death. In conclusion, the use of these biomarkers may identify subjects at greater risk of adverse events and perhaps provide an insight into the mechanisms of disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio M Seropian
- Interventional Cardiology Department, Hospital Italiano de Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Chiara Sonnino
- VCU Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, USA Victoria Johnson Research Laboratory, Virginia Commonwealth University, USA Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Catholic University, Italy
| | - Benjamin W Van Tassell
- VCU Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, USA Victoria Johnson Research Laboratory, Virginia Commonwealth University, USA School of Pharmacy, Virginia Commonwealth University, USA
| | - Luigi M Biasucci
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Catholic University, Italy
| | - Antonio Abbate
- VCU Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, USA Victoria Johnson Research Laboratory, Virginia Commonwealth University, USA
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Shibata R, Ohashi K, Murohara T, Ouchi N. The potential of adipokines as therapeutic agents for cardiovascular disease. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev 2014; 25:483-7. [PMID: 25066649 DOI: 10.1016/j.cytogfr.2014.07.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissue functions as an endocrine organ by producing bioactive secretory proteins, also known as adipokines, that can directly act on nearby or remote organs. Most of the adipokines are upregulated by obese conditions, and typically promote obese complications. In contrast, some adipokines, such as adiponectin, CTRP9 and omentin, are downregulated in obese states. These factors exert salutary actions on obesity-linked cardiovascular disorders. In this review, we focus on the significance of adiponectin, CTRP9 and omentin as therapeutic agents for cardiovascular disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rei Shibata
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
| | - Koji Ohashi
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Toyoaki Murohara
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Noriyuki Ouchi
- Department of Molecular Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan.
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26
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Trifunovic D, Stankovic S, Marinkovic J, Beleslin B, Banovic M, Djukanovic N, Orlic D, Tesic M, Vujisic-Tesic B, Petrovic M, Nedeljkovic I, Stepanovic J, Djordjevic-Dikic A, Giga V, Ostojic M. Time-dependent changes of plasma adiponectin concentration in relation to coronary microcirculatory function in patients with acute myocardial infarction treated by primary percutaneous coronary intervention. J Cardiol 2014; 65:208-15. [PMID: 25012060 DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2014.05.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2014] [Revised: 05/08/2014] [Accepted: 05/26/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE To analyze plasma adiponectin kinetics in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) treated by primary percutaneous coronary intervention (pPCI) and its association with coronary flow reserve (CFR), an index of coronary microcirculatory function. METHODS A total of 96 consecutive patients with the first anterior STEMI treated by pPCI without heart failure were included. CFR was assessed on the 7th day after pPCI. Plasma adiponectin was measured on admission before pPCI, and on the 2nd and 7th day after pPCI. RESULTS Adiponectin concentration was the highest on admission, declined to the lowest level on the 2nd day, and rose on the 7th day remaining below admission values. Impaired coronary microcirculatory function (CFR<2) was observed in 41% of the patients. Adiponectin concentrations significantly positively correlated with CFR, and the strongest correlation was with the 2nd day adiponectin (r=0.489, p<0.001). In multivariate models, adiponectin concentrations were independent predictors of impaired CFR [on admission: odds ratio (OR) 0.175, confidence interval (CI): 0.047-0.654, p=0.010; 2nd day: OR 0.146, 95% CI: 0.044-0.485, p=0.002; 7th day: OR 0.198, CI: 0.064-0.611, p=0.005]. The best power to predict impaired CFR was the 2nd day adiponectin. Delta values of adiponectin (differences between adiponectin concentrations) did not correlate with CFR. CONCLUSIONS In patients with the first anterior STEMI treated by pPCI plasma adiponectin concentrations before and after pPCI are strongly associated with CFR. Our results support the hypothesis that low adiponectin, especially during the early post-pPCI period, carries the risk for impaired coronary microcirculatory function in STEMI patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danijela Trifunovic
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia; School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Sanja Stankovic
- Center for Medical Biochemistry, Clinical Centre of Serbia, School of Pharmacy, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Marinkovic
- Institute of Medical Statistics and Informatics, School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Branko Beleslin
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia; School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marko Banovic
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nina Djukanovic
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Dejan Orlic
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia; School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milorad Tesic
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Bosiljka Vujisic-Tesic
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia; School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milan Petrovic
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia; School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ivana Nedeljkovic
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia; School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Jelena Stepanovic
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia; School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Ana Djordjevic-Dikic
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia; School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vojislav Giga
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical Centre of Serbia, Belgrade, Serbia; School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miodrag Ostojic
- School of Medicine, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia; Serbian Academy of Sciences and Arts, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
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Grossini E, Prodam F, Walker GE, Sigaudo L, Farruggio S, Bellofatto K, Marotta P, Molinari C, Mary D, Bona G, Vacca G. Effect of monomeric adiponectin on cardiac function and perfusion in anesthetized pig. J Endocrinol 2014; 222:137-49. [PMID: 24860147 DOI: 10.1530/joe-14-0170] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Adiponectin, the most abundant adipokine released by adipose tissue, appears to play an important role in the regulation of vascular endothelial and cardiac function. To date, however, the physiological effects of human monomeric adiponectin on the coronary vasculature and myocardial systo-diastolic function, as well as on parasympathetic/sympathetic involvement and nitric oxide (NO) release, have not yet been investigated. Thus, we planned to determine the primary in vivo effects of human monomeric adiponectin on coronary blood flow and cardiac contractility/relaxation and the related role of autonomic nervous system, adiponectin receptors, and NO. In 30 anesthetized pigs, human monomeric adiponectin was infused into the left anterior descending coronary artery at constant heart rate and arterial blood pressure, and the effects on coronary blood flow, left ventricular systo-diastolic function, myocardial oxygen metabolism, and NO release were examined. The mechanisms of the observed hemodynamic responses were also analyzed by repeating the highest dose of human monomeric adiponectin infusion after autonomic nervous system and NO blockade, and after specific adiponectin 1 receptor antagonist administration. Intracoronary human monomeric adiponectin caused dose-related increases of coronary blood flow and cardiac function. Those effects were accompanied by increased coronary NO release and coronary adiponectin levels. Moreover, the vascular effects of the peptide were prevented by blockade of β2-adrenoceptors and NO synthase, whereas all effects of human monomeric adiponectin were prevented by adiponectin 1 receptor inhibitor. In conclusion, human monomeric adiponectin primarily increased coronary blood flow and cardiac systo-diastolic function through the involvement of specific receptors, β2-adrenoceptors, and NO release.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Grossini
- Laboratory of Physiology and Experimental SurgeryDepartment of Translational Medicine, University Eastern Piedmont 'A. Avogadro', Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carita, Corso Mazzini 36, I-28100 Novara, ItalyPediatric UnitDepartment of Health Sciences, University Eastern Piedmont 'A. Avogadro', Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Corso Mazzini 36, I-28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Flavia Prodam
- Laboratory of Physiology and Experimental SurgeryDepartment of Translational Medicine, University Eastern Piedmont 'A. Avogadro', Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carita, Corso Mazzini 36, I-28100 Novara, ItalyPediatric UnitDepartment of Health Sciences, University Eastern Piedmont 'A. Avogadro', Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Corso Mazzini 36, I-28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Gillian Elisabeth Walker
- Laboratory of Physiology and Experimental SurgeryDepartment of Translational Medicine, University Eastern Piedmont 'A. Avogadro', Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carita, Corso Mazzini 36, I-28100 Novara, ItalyPediatric UnitDepartment of Health Sciences, University Eastern Piedmont 'A. Avogadro', Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Corso Mazzini 36, I-28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Lorenzo Sigaudo
- Laboratory of Physiology and Experimental SurgeryDepartment of Translational Medicine, University Eastern Piedmont 'A. Avogadro', Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carita, Corso Mazzini 36, I-28100 Novara, ItalyPediatric UnitDepartment of Health Sciences, University Eastern Piedmont 'A. Avogadro', Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Corso Mazzini 36, I-28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Serena Farruggio
- Laboratory of Physiology and Experimental SurgeryDepartment of Translational Medicine, University Eastern Piedmont 'A. Avogadro', Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carita, Corso Mazzini 36, I-28100 Novara, ItalyPediatric UnitDepartment of Health Sciences, University Eastern Piedmont 'A. Avogadro', Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Corso Mazzini 36, I-28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Kevin Bellofatto
- Laboratory of Physiology and Experimental SurgeryDepartment of Translational Medicine, University Eastern Piedmont 'A. Avogadro', Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carita, Corso Mazzini 36, I-28100 Novara, ItalyPediatric UnitDepartment of Health Sciences, University Eastern Piedmont 'A. Avogadro', Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Corso Mazzini 36, I-28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Patrizia Marotta
- Laboratory of Physiology and Experimental SurgeryDepartment of Translational Medicine, University Eastern Piedmont 'A. Avogadro', Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carita, Corso Mazzini 36, I-28100 Novara, ItalyPediatric UnitDepartment of Health Sciences, University Eastern Piedmont 'A. Avogadro', Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Corso Mazzini 36, I-28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Claudio Molinari
- Laboratory of Physiology and Experimental SurgeryDepartment of Translational Medicine, University Eastern Piedmont 'A. Avogadro', Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carita, Corso Mazzini 36, I-28100 Novara, ItalyPediatric UnitDepartment of Health Sciences, University Eastern Piedmont 'A. Avogadro', Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Corso Mazzini 36, I-28100 Novara, Italy
| | - David Mary
- Laboratory of Physiology and Experimental SurgeryDepartment of Translational Medicine, University Eastern Piedmont 'A. Avogadro', Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carita, Corso Mazzini 36, I-28100 Novara, ItalyPediatric UnitDepartment of Health Sciences, University Eastern Piedmont 'A. Avogadro', Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Corso Mazzini 36, I-28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Gianni Bona
- Laboratory of Physiology and Experimental SurgeryDepartment of Translational Medicine, University Eastern Piedmont 'A. Avogadro', Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carita, Corso Mazzini 36, I-28100 Novara, ItalyPediatric UnitDepartment of Health Sciences, University Eastern Piedmont 'A. Avogadro', Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Corso Mazzini 36, I-28100 Novara, Italy
| | - Giovanni Vacca
- Laboratory of Physiology and Experimental SurgeryDepartment of Translational Medicine, University Eastern Piedmont 'A. Avogadro', Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carita, Corso Mazzini 36, I-28100 Novara, ItalyPediatric UnitDepartment of Health Sciences, University Eastern Piedmont 'A. Avogadro', Via Solaroli 17, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Maggiore della Carità, Corso Mazzini 36, I-28100 Novara, Italy
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Omentin Prevents Myocardial Ischemic Injury Through AMP-Activated Protein Kinase- and Akt-Dependent Mechanisms. J Am Coll Cardiol 2014; 63:2722-33. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2014.03.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Revised: 03/03/2014] [Accepted: 03/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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Funahashi T, Matsuzawa Y. Adiponectin and the cardiometabolic syndrome: an epidemiological perspective. Best Pract Res Clin Endocrinol Metab 2014; 28:93-106. [PMID: 24417949 DOI: 10.1016/j.beem.2013.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Adiponectin is an adipocyte-derived plasma protein with cardio-vasculo-protective and anti-diabetic properties. Plasma adiponectin levels are low in patients with the cardiometabolic syndrome (a cluster of multiple risk factors based on visceral fat accumulation). Routine measurement of plasma adiponectin may be useful to encourage life-style changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tohru Funahashi
- Department of Metabolism and Atherosclerosis, Osaka University Graduate School of Medicine, 2-2 B5 Yamadaoka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan.
| | - Yuji Matsuzawa
- Sumitomo Hospital, 5-3-20 Nakanoshima, Kita-Ku, Osaka 530-0005, Japan.
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Abstract
Over the past two decades, adiponectin has been studied in more than eleven thousand publications. A classical adipokine, adiponectin was among the first factors secreted from adipose tissue that were found to promote metabolic function. Circulating levels of adiponectin consistently decline with increasing body mass index. Clinical and basic science studies have identified adiponectin's cardiovascular-protective actions, providing a mechanistic link to the increased incidence of cardiovascular disease in obese individuals. While progress has been made in identifying receptors essential for the metabolic actions of adiponectin (AdipoR1 and AdipoR2), few studies have examined the receptor-mediated signaling pathways in cardiovascular tissues. T-cadherin, a GPI-anchored adiponectin-binding protein, was recently identified as critical for the cardiac-protective and revascularization actions of adiponectin. Adiponectin is abundantly present on the surfaces of vascular and muscle tissues through a direct interaction with T-cadherin. Consistent with this observation, adiponectin is absent from T-cadherin-deficient tissues. Since T-cadherin lacks an intracellular domain, additional studies would further our understanding of this signaling pathway. Here, we review the diverse cardiometabolic actions of adiponectin.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer L Parker-Duffen
- Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, 715 Albany Street, W611, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
| | - Kenneth Walsh
- Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine, 715 Albany Street, W611, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
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Adiponectin deficiency blunts hypoxia-induced mobilization and homing of circulating angiogenic cells. Stem Cells Int 2013; 2013:260156. [PMID: 24288546 PMCID: PMC3830768 DOI: 10.1155/2013/260156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2013] [Revised: 08/27/2013] [Accepted: 08/28/2013] [Indexed: 01/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Aim. We investigated the effects of adiponectin deficiency on circulating angiogenic cell (CAC) mobilization, homing, and neovascularization in the setting of acute myocardial infarction (AMI). Methods & Results. AMI was induced in wild-type (WT) (n = 10) and adiponectin knockout (Adipoq−/−) mice (n = 7). One week after AMI, bone marrow (BM) concentration and mobilization of Sca-1+ and Lin−Sca-1+ progenitor cells (PCs) were markedly attenuated under Adipoq−/− conditions, as assessed by flow cytometry. The mRNA expression of HIF-1-dependent chemotactic factors, such as Cxcl12 (P = 0.005) and Ccl5 (P = 0.025), and vascular adhesion molecules, such as Icam1 (P = 0.010), and Vcam1 (P = 0.014), was significantly lower in the infarction border zone of Adipoq−/− mice. Histologically, Adipoq−/− mice evidenced a decrease in neovascularization capacity in the infarction border zone (P < 0.001). Overall, capillary density was positively correlated with Sca-1+ PC numbers in BM (P = 0.01) and peripheral blood (PB) (P = 0.005) and with the expression of the homing factors Cxcl12 (P = 0.013), Icam1 (P = 0.034) and Vcam1 (P = 0.014). Conclusions. Adiponectin deficiency reduced the BM reserve and mobilization capacity of CACs, attenuated the expression of hypoxia-induced chemokines and vascular adhesion molecules, and impaired the neovascularization capacity one week after AMI.
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Leonardini A, Avogaro A. Abnormalities of the cardiac stem and progenitor cell compartment in experimental and human diabetes. Arch Physiol Biochem 2013; 119:179-87. [PMID: 23772700 DOI: 10.3109/13813455.2013.798334] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Diabetic cardiomyopathy consists of a series of structural and functional changes. Accumulating evidence supports the concept that a "cardiac stem cell compartment disease" plays an important role in the pathophysiology of diabetic cardiomyopathy. In diabetic hearts, human cardiac stem/progenitor cells (CSPC) are reduced and manifest defective proliferative capacity. Hyperglycaemia, hyperlipidemia, inflammation, and the consequent oxidative stress are enhanced in diabetes: these conditions can induce defects in both growth and survival of these cells with an imbalance between cell death and cell replacement, thus favouring the onset of diabetic cardiomyopathy and its progression towards heart failure. The preservation of CSPC compartment can contribute to counteract the negative impact of diabetes on the myocardium. The recent studies summarized in this review have improved our understanding of the development and stem cell biology within the cardiovascular system. However, several issues remain unsolved before cell therapy can become a clinical therapeutically relevant strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Leonardini
- Department of Emergency and Organ Transplantation - Section of Internal Medicine, Endocrinology, Andrology and Metabolic Diseases, University of Bari Aldo Moro , Bari , Italy and
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Lau WB, Zhang Y, Zhao J, Liu B, Wang X, Yuan Y, Christopher TA, Lopez B, Gao E, Koch WJ, Ma XL, Wang Y. Lymphotoxin-α is a novel adiponectin expression suppressor following myocardial ischemia/reperfusion. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2013; 304:E661-7. [PMID: 23360826 PMCID: PMC3602691 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00012.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Recent clinical observations demonstrate adiponectin (APN), an adipocytokine with potent cardioprotective actions, is significantly reduced following myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R). However, mechanisms responsible for MI/R-induced hypoadiponectinemia remain incompletely understood. Adult male mice were subjected to 30-min MI followed by varying reperfusion periods. Adipocyte APN mRNA and protein expression and plasma APN and TNFα concentrations were determined. APN expression/production began to decline 3 h after reperfusion (reaching nadir 12 h after reperfusion), returning to control levels 7 days after reperfusion. Plasma TNFα levels began to increase 1 h after reperfusion, peaking at 3 h and returning to control levels 24 h after reperfusion. TNFα knockout significantly increased plasma APN levels 12 h after reperfusion but failed to improve APN expression/production 72 h after reperfusion. In contrast, TNF receptor-1 (TNFR1) knockout significantly restored APN expression 12 and 72 h after reperfusion, suggesting that other TNFR1 binding cytokines contribute to MI/R-induced APN suppression. Among many cytokines increased after MI/R, lymphotoxin-α (LTα) was the only cytokine remaining elevated 24-72 h after reperfusion. LTα knockout did not augment APN levels 12 h post-reperfusion, but did so by 72 h. Finally, in vitro treatment of adipocytes with TNFα and LTα at concentrations seen in MI/R plasma additively inhibited APN expression/production in TNFR1-dependent fashion. Our study demonstrates for the first time that LTα is a novel suppressor of APN expression and contributes to the sustained hypoadiponectinemia following MI/R. Combining anti-TNFα with anti-LTα strategies may achieve the best effects restoring APN in MI/R patients.
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MESH Headings
- 3T3-L1 Cells
- Adiponectin/blood
- Adiponectin/deficiency
- Adiponectin/genetics
- Adiponectin/metabolism
- Adipose Tissue, White/immunology
- Adipose Tissue, White/metabolism
- Animals
- Down-Regulation
- Lymphotoxin-alpha/blood
- Lymphotoxin-alpha/genetics
- Lymphotoxin-alpha/metabolism
- Male
- Metabolism, Inborn Errors/etiology
- Mice
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Mice, Knockout
- Myocardial Ischemia/blood
- Myocardial Ischemia/immunology
- Myocardial Ischemia/metabolism
- Myocardial Reperfusion Injury/blood
- Myocardial Reperfusion Injury/immunology
- Myocardial Reperfusion Injury/metabolism
- Myocardial Reperfusion Injury/physiopathology
- RNA Interference
- RNA, Messenger/metabolism
- RNA, Small Interfering
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I/antagonists & inhibitors
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I/genetics
- Receptors, Tumor Necrosis Factor, Type I/metabolism
- Time Factors
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/blood
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/genetics
- Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/metabolism
- Up-Regulation
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne Bond Lau
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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Usefulness of angiotensin-(1-7) to predict myocardial salvage after percutaneous coronary intervention in patients with acute myocardial infarction. Int J Cardiol 2013; 168:614-6. [PMID: 23473823 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.01.206] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2012] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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Differential regulation of TNF receptor 1 and receptor 2 in adiponectin expression following myocardial ischemia. Int J Cardiol 2013; 168:2201-6. [PMID: 23465561 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijcard.2013.01.222] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2012] [Revised: 01/07/2013] [Accepted: 01/18/2013] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In vitro experiments demonstrate that adiponectin, a cardioprotective cytokine, is inhibited by tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNFα). However, the role of TNFα in post-myocardial infarction (post-MI) adiponectin reduction remains unclear. More importantly, the TNF receptor type (TNFR1 or TNFR2) responsible for TNFα-mediated suppression of adiponectin production is unknown. The current study determined the role of TNFα in post-myocardial infarction (post-MI) adiponectin reduction, and identified the receptor type responsible for TNFα-mediated suppression of adiponectin production. METHODS AND RESULTS Adult male wild type (WT) and three knockout variety (TNFα(-/-), TNFR1(-/-), and TNFR2(-/-)) mice were subjected to MI via coronary artery occlusion. Histological and biochemical analyses were performed 3 and 7days post-MI. In WT mice, MI significantly increased plasma TNFα, reduced adipocyte adiponectin mRNA, and decreased plasma adiponectin levels. TNFα deletion had no significant effect upon basal adiponectin level, and partially restored adiponectin expression/production post-MI (P<0.01 vs. WT). Basal adiponectin levels were significantly increased in TNFR1(-/-) (P<0.05 vs. WT), and unchanged in TNFR2(-/-) mice. Importantly, suppressed adiponectin expression/production by MI or TNFα administration was markedly decreased by TNFR1 deletion (P<0.01 vs. WT), but exacerbated by TNFR2 deletion (P<0.05 vs. WT). Mechanistically, TNFR1 knockout significantly inhibited, whereas TNFR2 knockout further enhanced TNFα-induced mRNA and protein expression of ATF3, a transcriptional factor known to significantly inhibit adiponectin expression. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrates that TNFα overproduction is responsible for reduced adiponectin expression/production following MI. Furthermore, we show that TNFR1/TNFR2 exerts opposite effects upon adiponectin expression/production via differential regulation of ATF3.
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Wei CD, Li Y, Zheng HY, Sun KS, Tong YQ, Dai W, Wu W, Bao AY. Globular adiponectin protects H9c2 cells from palmitate-induced apoptosis via Akt and ERK1/2 signaling pathways. Lipids Health Dis 2012; 11:135. [PMID: 23050488 PMCID: PMC3540014 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-11-135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2012] [Accepted: 09/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Cardiomyocytes apoptosis is an important contributor to myocardial dysfunction and heart failure. Adiponectin has cardioprotective effects, potential mechanisms behind it are not clear in cardiomyocytes. The purpose of the study was to investigate whether adiponectin can block palmitate-induced apoptosis and the underlying biochemical mechanism in H9c2 cells. Methods H9c2 cells were treated with palmitate presence or absence of 2.5 μg/mL globular adiponectin. The effect on the cell viability of H9c2 cells was evaluated using MTT assay, and cell apoptosis was determined by Hoechst 33342 staining. Protein expression was measured using the western blot method. Results Our results showed that the palmitate treatment induced apoptosis in H9c2 cells, which was associated with increasing the level of cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved PARP. Meanwhile, palmitate-induced apoptosis increased the protein level of p-ERK1/2, and decreased the protein level of p-Akt significantly. However, levels of both of these proteins were restored to the normal when pretreated with adiponectin, and followed with the decrease of cleaved caspase-3 and cleaved PARP. In line with these results, the protective effect of adiponectin can be blocked by PI3K/Akt inhibitor LY294002, and palmitate-induced apoptosis can be attenuated by ERK1/2 inhibitor U0126. Conclusions Taken together, the present study demonstrated that adiponectin protects H9c2 cells from palmitate-induced apoptosis via PI3K/Akt and ERK1/2 signaling pathways. Our results reveal a link between adiponectin and cardiomyocytes apoptosis, suggesting that adioponectin may be a promising therapeutic for the treatment of lipotoxicity cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuan Dong Wei
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, District of Wuchang, Wuhan, Hubei, China
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Su H, Lau WB, Ma XL. Hypoadiponectinaemia in diabetes mellitus type 2: molecular mechanisms and clinical significance. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol 2012; 38:897-904. [PMID: 21916932 DOI: 10.1111/j.1440-1681.2011.05606.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
1. This review focuses on the regulatory mechanisms of adiponectin (APN) gene expression during physiologic conditions and both the clinical significance and underlying molecular mechanisms of hypoadiponectinaemia during pathologic conditions. 2. Adiponectin is a versatile cardiovascular protective factor. It plays an important role in regulating insulin sensitivity and energy homeostasis, with anti-inflammatory and anti-atherosclerotic properties. 3. Adiponectin gene expression is downregulated in both obesity and diabetes mellitus type 2. Hypoadiponectinaemia is an independent risk factor for coronary artery disease in type 2 diabetic patients. 4. Exogenous supplementation of recombinant APN attenuates insulin resistance, improving metabolic disorders. Therefore, APN-targeted pharmaceutical strategies increasing circulating APN levels may be therapeutic against type 2 diabetes. 5. There is great value in elucidating the regulatory mechanisms of APN gene expression during physiologic and pathologic conditions. APN biosynthesis regulation includes transcriptional expression and post-translational modification, oligomerization, and secretion. Under pathological conditions, including obesity and diabetes mellitus type 2, hypoxia, oxidative stress, and inflammation suppress APN mRNA levels and its secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Su
- Department of Geriatrics, Xijing Hospital, Xi-an, China
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Yi W, Sun Y, Gao E, Wei X, Lau WB, Zheng Q, Wang Y, Yuan Y, Wang X, Tao L, Li R, Koch W, Ma XL. Reduced cardioprotective action of adiponectin in high-fat diet-induced type II diabetic mice and its underlying mechanisms. Antioxid Redox Signal 2011; 15:1779-88. [PMID: 21091073 PMCID: PMC3159116 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2010.3722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes exacerbates ischemic heart disease morbidity and mortality via incompletely understood mechanisms. Although adiponectin (APN) reduces myocardial ischemia/reperfusion (MI/R) injury in nondiabetic animals, whether APN's cardioprotective actions are altered in diabetes, a pathologic condition with endogenously reduced APN, has never been investigated. High-fat diet (HD)-induced diabetic mice and normal diet (ND) controls were subjected to MI via coronary artery ligation, and given vehicle or APN globular domain (gAPN, 2 μg/g) 10 min before reperfusion. Compared to ND mice (where gAPN exerted pronounced cardioprotection), HD mice manifested greater MI/R injury, and a tripled gAPN dose was requisite to achieve cardioprotective extent seen in ND mice (i.e., infarct size, apoptosis, and cardiac function). APN reduces MI/R injury via AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK)-dependent metabolic regulation and AMPK-independent antioxidative/antinitrative pathways. Compared to ND, HD mice manifested significantly blunted gAPN-induced AMPK activation, basally and after MI/R (p<0.05). Although both low- and high-dose gAPN equally attenuated MI/R-induced oxidative stress (i.e., NADPH oxidase expression and superoxide production) and nitrative stress (i.e., inducible nitric oxide synthase expression, nitric oxide production, and peroxynitrite formation) in ND mice, only high-dose gAPN efficaciously did so in HD mice. We demonstrate for the first time that HD-induced diabetes diminished both AMPK-dependent and AMPK-independent APN cardioprotection, suggesting an unreported diabetic heart APN resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Yi
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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Lau WB, Tao L, Wang Y, Li R, Ma XL. Systemic adiponectin malfunction as a risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Antioxid Redox Signal 2011; 15:1863-73. [PMID: 21091079 PMCID: PMC3159112 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2010.3743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
Adiponectin (Ad) is an abundant protein hormone regulatory of numerous metabolic processes. The 30 kDa protein originates from adipose tissue, with full-length and globular domain circulatory forms. A collagenous domain within Ad leads to spontaneous self-assemblage into various oligomeric isoforms, including trimers, hexamers, and high-molecular-weight multimers. Two membrane-spanning receptors for Ad have been identified, with differing concentration distribution in various body tissues. The major intracellular pathway activated by Ad includes phosphorylation of AMP-activated protein kinase, which is responsible for many of Ad's metabolic regulatory, anti-inflammatory, vascular protective, and anti-ischemic properties. Additionally, several AMP-activated protein kinase-independent mechanisms responsible for Ad's anti-inflammatory and anti-ischemic (resulting in cardioprotective) effects have also been discovered. Since its 1995 discovery, Ad has garnered considerable attention for its role in diabetic and cardiovascular pathology. Clinical observations have demonstrated the association of hypoadiponectinemia in patients with obesity, cardiovascular disease, and insulin resistance. In this review, we elaborate currently known information about Ad malfunction and deficiency pertaining to cardiovascular disease risk (including atherosclerosis, endothelial dysfunction, and cardiac injury), as well as review evidence supporting Ad resistance as a novel risk factor for cardiovascular injury, providing insight about the future of Ad research and the protein's potential therapeutic benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wayne Bond Lau
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, 1020 Sansom Street, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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Tomicek NJ, Lancaster TS, Korzick DH. Increased estrogen receptor β in adipose tissue is associated with increased intracellular and reduced circulating adiponectin protein levels in aged female rats. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2011; 8:325-33. [PMID: 21782527 DOI: 10.1016/j.genm.2011.05.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2011] [Revised: 05/19/2011] [Accepted: 05/31/2011] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity and associated metabolic and cardiovascular disease risk are correlated with reduced circulating adiponectin (APN) levels. Metabolic and cardiovascular disease risk is also increased after menopause and may be linked to disturbances in estrogen receptor (ER) signaling in adipose. OBJECTIVE We hypothesized that age-associated estrogen (E(2))-deficiency alters the ERα/β ratio in adipose tissue and increases risk for metabolic disease via APN-ac activated mechanisms. METHODS Visceral adipose was isolated from adult (6 months) and aged (24 months) female Fisher 344 rats (n = 5-6/group) with ovaries intact or removed by surgical ovariectomy (OVX) and subjected to western blotting. RESULTS Notably, weight was greatest in aged OVX rats (P < 0.01) and associated with a 2-fold increase in ERβ protein versus adult intact rats (P < 0.001). ER levels were increased in aged OVX versus adult OVX rats. Intra-adipocyte APN was also increased in aged OVX rats versus all groups (P < 0.01), whereas circulating APN levels decreased in aged OVX versus adult OVX rats (P < 0.05). Endoplasmic reticulum protein of 44 kDa (Erp44) levels remained the same (P = 0.09). Adiponectin receptor-1 (AdipoR1) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPAR-α) were also unchanged. AdipoR2, PPAR-γ, and phosphorylated adenosine monophosphate-dependant kinase (pAMPK) to total AMPK ratio all decreased with age (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS Collectively, these data suggested that age-associated increases in ERβ paired with decreased PPAR-γ levels might predispose E(2)-deficient postmenopausal women for increased adiposity and associated metabolic and cardiovascular disease risk. Reduced circulating APN and AdipoR2 levels might contribute to age and E(2)-deficiency linked disease progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nanette J Tomicek
- Intercollege Program in Physiology, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, USA
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Bigalke B, Schreitmüller B, Sopova K, Paul A, Stransky E, Gawaz M, Stellos K, Laske C. Adipocytokines and CD34 progenitor cells in Alzheimer's disease. PLoS One 2011; 6:e20286. [PMID: 21633502 PMCID: PMC3102092 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0020286] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2011] [Accepted: 04/28/2011] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Alzheimer's disease (AD) and atherosclerosis share common vascular risk
factors such as arterial hypertension and hypercholesterolemia.
Adipocytokines and CD34+ progenitor cells are associated
with the progression and prognosis of atherosclerotic diseases. Their role
in AD is not adequately elucidated. Methods and Findings In the present study, we measured in 41 patients with early AD and 37 age-
and weight-matched healthy controls blood concentrations of adiponectin and
leptin by enzyme linked immunoabsorbent assay and of CD34+
progenitor cells using flow cytometry. We found significantly lower plasma
levels of leptin in AD patients compared with the controls, whereas plasma
levels of adiponectin did not show any significant differences (AD vs.
control (mean±SD): leptin:8.9±5.6 ng/mL vs.16.3±15.5
ng/mL;P = 0.038; adiponectin:18.5±18.1
µg/mL vs.16.7±8.9 µg/mL;P = 0.641).
In contrast, circulating CD34+ cells were significantly
upregulated in AD patients (mean absolute cell count±SD:253±51
vs. 203±37; P = 0.02) and showed an inverse
correlation with plasma levels of leptin
(r = −0.248; P = 0.037). In logistic regression analysis, decreased leptin concentration
(P = 0.021) and increased number of
CD34+ cells (P = 0.036) were both
significantly associated with the presence of AD. According to
multifactorial analysis of covariance, leptin serum levels were a
significant independent predictor for the number of CD34+
cells (P = 0.002). Conclusions Our findings suggest that low plasma levels of leptin and increased numbers
of CD34+ progenitor cells are both associated with AD. In
addition, the results of our study provide first evidence that increased
leptin plasma levels are associated with a reduced number of
CD34+ progenitor cells in AD patients. These findings
point towards a combined involvement of leptin and CD34+
progenitor cells in the pathogenesis of AD. Thus, plasma levels of leptin
and circulating CD34+ progenitor cells could represent an
important molecular link between atherosclerotic diseases and AD. Further
studies should clarify the pathophysiological role of both adipocytokines
and progenitor cells in AD and possible diagnostic and therapeutic
applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Boris Bigalke
- Medizinische Klinik III, Kardiologie und
Kreislauferkrankungen, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen,
Tübingen, Germany
- Division of Imaging Sciences, School of
Medicine, King's College London, The Rayne Institute, London, United
Kingdom
| | | | - Kateryna Sopova
- Medizinische Klinik III, Kardiologie und
Kreislauferkrankungen, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen,
Tübingen, Germany
| | - Angela Paul
- Medizinische Klinik III, Kardiologie und
Kreislauferkrankungen, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen,
Tübingen, Germany
| | - Elke Stransky
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy,
University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
| | - Meinrad Gawaz
- Medizinische Klinik III, Kardiologie und
Kreislauferkrankungen, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen,
Tübingen, Germany
| | - Konstantinos Stellos
- Medizinische Klinik III, Kardiologie und
Kreislauferkrankungen, Eberhard-Karls-Universität Tübingen,
Tübingen, Germany
- * E-mail: (CL);
(KS)
| | - Christoph Laske
- Department of Psychiatry and Psychotherapy,
University of Tübingen, Tübingen, Germany
- * E-mail: (CL);
(KS)
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Ohashi T, Shibata R, Morimoto T, Kanashiro M, Ishii H, Ichimiya S, Hiro T, Miyauchi K, Nakagawa Y, Yamagishi M, Ozaki Y, Kimura T, Daida H, Murohara T, Matsuzaki M. Correlation between circulating adiponectin levels and coronary plaque regression during aggressive lipid-lowering therapy in patients with acute coronary syndrome: Subgroup analysis of JAPAN-ACS study. Atherosclerosis 2010; 212:237-42. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2010.05.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2010] [Revised: 04/09/2010] [Accepted: 05/03/2010] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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Kondo K, Shibata R, Unno K, Shimano M, Ishii M, Kito T, Shintani S, Walsh K, Ouchi N, Murohara T. Impact of a single intracoronary administration of adiponectin on myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury in a pig model. Circ Cardiovasc Interv 2010; 3:166-73. [PMID: 20332381 DOI: 10.1161/circinterventions.109.872044] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adiponectin plays a protective role in the development of obesity-linked disorders. We demonstrated that adiponectin exerts beneficial actions on acute ischemic injury in mice hearts. However, the effects of adiponectin treatment in large animals and its feasibility in clinical practice have not been investigated. This study investigated the effects of intracoronary administration of adiponectin on myocardial ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in pigs. METHODS AND RESULTS The left anterior descending coronary artery was occluded in pigs for 45 minutes and then reperfused for 24 hours. Recombinant adiponectin protein was given as a bolus intracoronary injection during ischemia. Cardiac functional parameters were measured by a manometer-tipped catheter. Apoptosis was evaluated by terminal deoxynucleotidyltransferase-mediated dUTP nick end-labeling staining. Tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-10 transcripts were analyzed by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Serum levels of derivatives of reactive oxygen metabolites and biological antioxidant potential were measured. Adiponectin protein was determined by immunohistochemical and Western blot analyses. Intracoronary administration of adiponectin protein led to a reduction in myocardial infarct size and improvement of left ventricular function in pigs after I/R. Injected adiponectin protein accumulated in the I/R-injured heart. Adiponectin treatment resulted in decreased tumor necrosis factor-alpha and increased interleukin-10 mRNA levels in the myocardium after I/R. Adiponectin-treated pigs had reduced apoptotic activity in the I/R-injured heart and showed increased biological antioxidant potential levels and decreased derivatives of reactive oxygen metabolite levels in the blood stream after I/R. CONCLUSIONS These data suggest that adiponectin protects against I/R injury in a preclinical pig model through its ability to suppress inflammation, apoptosis, and oxidative stress. Administration of intracoronary adiponectin could be a useful adjunctive therapy for acute myocardial infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhisa Kondo
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa-Ku, Nagoya, Japan
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Wang Y, Lau WB, Gao E, Tao L, Yuan Y, Li R, Wang X, Koch WJ, Ma XL. Cardiomyocyte-derived adiponectin is biologically active in protecting against myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2010; 298:E663-70. [PMID: 20028965 PMCID: PMC2838529 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00663.2009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Adiponectin (APN) has traditionally been viewed as an adipocyte-specific endocrine molecule with cardioprotective effects. Recent studies suggest that APN is also expressed in cardiomyocytes. However, biological significances of this locally produced APN remain completely unknown. The aim of this study was to investigate the pathological and pharmacological significance of cardiac-derived APN in cardiomyocyte pathology. Adult cardiomyocytes from wild-type littermates (WT) or gene-deficient mice were pretreated with vehicle (V) or rosiglitazone (RSG) for 6 h followed by simulated ischemia-reperfusion (SI/R, 3 h/12 h). Compared with WT cardiomyocytes, myocytes from APN knockout (APN-KO) mice sustained greater SI/R injury, evidenced by greater oxidative/nitrative stress, caspase-3 activity, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release (P < 0.05). Myocytes from adiponectin receptor 1 knockdown (AdipoR1-KD) or AdipoR1-KD/AdipoR2-KO mice had slightly increased SI/R injury, but the difference was not statistically significant. RSG significantly (P < 0.01) increased APN mRNA and protein expression, upregulated AdipoR1/AdipoR2 expression, reduced SI/R-induced apoptosis, and decreased LDH release in WT cardiomyocytes. However, the anti-oxidative/anti-nitrative and cell protective effects of RSG were completely lost in APN-KO cardiomyocytes (P > 0.05 vs. vehicle group), although a comparable degree of AdipoR1/AdipoR2 upregulation was observed. The upregulatory effect of RSG on APN mRNA and protein expression was significantly potentiated in AdipoR1-KD/AdipoR2-KO cardiomyocytes. However, the cellular protective effects of RSG were significantly blunted, although not completely lost, in these cells. These results demonstrated that cardiomyocyte APN is biologically active in protecting cells against SI/R injury. Moreover, this locally produced APN achieves its protective effect primarily through paracrine/autocrine activation of APN receptors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yajing Wang
- Dept. of Emergency Medicine, Thomas Jefferson University, Philadelphia, PA 19107, USA
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Is adiponectin associated with acute myocardial infarction in Iranian non obese patients? Lipids Health Dis 2009; 8:17. [PMID: 19476644 PMCID: PMC2694800 DOI: 10.1186/1476-511x-8-17] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2009] [Accepted: 05/28/2009] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adiponectin is an adipose tissue-derived mediator with significant anti-atherogenic properties. A few studies were done in acute phase of myocardial infarction especially in non obese patients. We design a study to investigate the association between adiponectin concentration and acute phase of myocardial infarction in non obese patients. METHODS This case-control study was done in Paymaneah Hospital (Jahrom, Iran) from Feb 2007 to May 2008. Plasma adiponectin levels were measured in 43 patients with AMI (mean age: 62.7 +/- 13.3 years, male: 67.4%) at the first 24 hours of admission and 43 normal controls (mean age: 62.1 +/- 12.3 years, male: 55.8%) matched for age, sex and other CAD risk factors. RESULTS Adiponectin levels in patients with AMI (3.36 microg/mL) were significantly lower than that of the control group (5.03 microg/mL) (p < 0.0001). Lower adiponectin were independently associated with higher risk of AMI (odds ratio = 8.97; 95% CIs: 2.3-34.5; p = 0.001). Adiponectin levels negatively correlated with triglyceride (r = -0.46, p = 0.002) and total cholesterol (r = -0.32, p = 0.03) in the case group and with body mass index (BMI) in control subjects. CONCLUSION The present study showed that adiponectin was associated with AMI in non obese patients but it is not related to sex, age and other CAD risk factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Okamoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nishi Sapporo National Hospital (Hokkaido Medical Center)
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Affiliation(s)
- Rei Shibata
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Noriyuki Ouchi
- Molecular Cardiology/Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University School of Medicine
| | - Toyoaki Murohara
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
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Beige J, Heipmann K, Stumvoll M, Körner A, Kratzsch J. Paradoxical role for adiponectin in chronic renal diseases? An example of reverse epidemiology. Expert Opin Ther Targets 2008; 13:163-73. [DOI: 10.1517/14728220802658481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
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Abstract
It is recognized that obesity contributes to cardiovascular and metabolic disorders through alterations in the levels of adipocyte-derived cytokines (adipokines). Adiponectin is an adipokine that is downregulated in obese individuals. It has beneficial actions on the cardiovascular system by directly acting on the heart and blood vessels, and acute administration of adiponectin can minimize the tissue damage resulting from myocardial infarction. More recent research has been aimed at identifying novel adiponectin-like factors involved in metabolic and cardiovascular regulation. Activation of Akt, a protein kinase involved in cell signaling, has been implicated in the control of skeletal muscle hypertrophy. An experimental mouse model demonstrates that substantial increases in muscle fiber hypertrophy, weight and strength occur upon induction of Akt signaling in skeletal muscle. In a mouse model of obesity, the increase in muscle mass caused by myogenic Akt induction results in diminished fat deposition and improvements in whole body metabolism. Based on these findings a protocol to identify novel muscle-secreted proteins (myokines) that confer the phenotypic changes brought on by myogenic Akt induction has been devised. One of these newly discovered factors, referred to as follistatin-like 1, is able to promote revascularization in ischemic limbs and protect the heart from ischemic stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth Walsh
- Molecular Cardiology Unit, Whitaker Cardiovascular Institute, Boston University Medical School, Boston, MA 02118, USA.
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