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Kojima I, Koyama S, Terao Y, Tanaka S, Suzuki M, Otobe Y, Kita R, Abe R, Nishizawa K, Yamada M. Association between changes in nutritional status and ability to perform activities of daily living in older patients with heart failure: A stratified analysis by frailty status. Geriatr Nurs 2024; 59:208-214. [PMID: 39043048 DOI: 10.1016/j.gerinurse.2024.06.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Revised: 06/07/2024] [Accepted: 06/27/2024] [Indexed: 07/25/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES We aimed to determine the association between changes in nutritional status and the activities of daily living (ADL) at discharge, considering frailty status of older patients with heart failure (HF). METHODS This study included 491 older inpatients with HF categorized into the following groups based on their clinical frailty scale (CFS) scores: low, intermediate, and high. Changes in nutritional status were assessed using the Controlling Nutritional Status score at admission and discharge. The outcome variable was Barthel Index (BI) at discharge. RESULTS Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated an association between improvement in nutritional status and high BI at discharge in both the low and intermediate CFS groups (odds ratio [OR], 2.18 [95% confidence interval, 1.04-4.58]), (OR, 2.45 [1.21-4.95]), respectively. CONCLUSIONS Improvement in the ADL at discharge in older patients with HF was associated with improved nutritional status during hospitalization in the low and intermediate CFS groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iwao Kojima
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kawasaki Municipal Kawasaki Hospital, 12-1, Shinkawa-dori, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-City, Kanagawa 210-0013, Japan; Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 3-29-1 Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-0012, Japan.
| | - Shingo Koyama
- Faculty of Health Sciences, Tsukuba University of Technology, 4-12-7 Kasuga, Tsukuba-city, Ibaraki 305-8521, Japan
| | - Yusuke Terao
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 3-29-1 Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-0012, Japan
| | - Shu Tanaka
- Major of Physical Therapy, Department of Rehabilitation, School of Health Sciences, Tokyo University of Technology, 5-23-22 Nishikamata, Ota-ku, Tokyo 144-8535, Japan
| | - Mizue Suzuki
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Allied health sciences, Yamato University, 2-5-1, Katayama-cho, Suita-city, Osaka, 564-0082, Japan
| | - Yuhei Otobe
- Graduate School of Rehabilitation Science, Osaka Metropolitan University, 3-7-30 Habikino, Habikino-city, Osaka 583-8555, Japan
| | - Ryosuke Kita
- Graduate School of Comprehensive Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 3-29-1 Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-0012, Japan
| | - Reon Abe
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kawasaki Municipal Kawasaki Hospital, 12-1, Shinkawa-dori, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-City, Kanagawa 210-0013, Japan
| | - Kenya Nishizawa
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kawasaki Municipal Kawasaki Hospital, 12-1, Shinkawa-dori, Kawasaki-ku, Kawasaki-City, Kanagawa 210-0013, Japan
| | - Minoru Yamada
- Faculty of Human Sciences, University of Tsukuba, 3-29-1 Otsuka, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 112-0012, Japan
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Azhar G, Verma A, Robeson MS, Patyal P, Nookaew I, Sharma S, Pangle A, Che Y, Wolfe RR, Wei JY. Short-Term Ingestion of Essential Amino Acid Based Nutritional Supplements or Whey Protein Improves the Physical Function of Older Adults Independently of Gut Microbiome. Mol Nutr Food Res 2024; 68:e2300716. [PMID: 38426663 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202300716] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/02/2024]
Abstract
SCOPE Dietary proteins and essential amino acids (EAAs) are the major nutritional supplements that support the growth and activity of gut microbes contributing to the wellbeing of their host. This study hypothesizes that daily supplementation of the diet with either EAAs or whey protein for 12 weeks would improve the gut microbiome of older adults. METHODS AND RESULTS The stool samples are processed and subjected to Illumina-based 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid (rRNA) gene amplicon sequencing. In both groups, the most abundant families are found in order of relative abundance included: Bacteroidaceae, Lachnospiraceae, Ruminococcaceae, Prevotellaceae, Rikenellaceae, Enterobacteriaceae, Oscillospiraceae, Tannerellaceae, and Akkermansiaceae, which indicate that these subjects are able to maintain a same healthy microbial diversity in their guts. A significant finding is a reduction of proinflammatory cytokine, interleukin-18 (IL-18) in the EAAs group. It also uses the standard 6-min walking test (6MWT) as a measure of cardiopulmonary fitness. At the end of the study, the subjects in the EAAs group perform significantly better in the 6MWT as compared to the whey group. CONCLUSION It seems plausible that the improved physical performance and reduced proinflammatory cytokine, IL-18 seen in the EAAs group, are independent of changes in gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gohar Azhar
- Donald W. Reynolds Department of Geriatrics and Institute on Aging, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Ambika Verma
- Donald W. Reynolds Department of Geriatrics and Institute on Aging, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Michael S Robeson
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Pankaj Patyal
- Donald W. Reynolds Department of Geriatrics and Institute on Aging, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Intawat Nookaew
- Department of Biomedical Informatics, College of Medicine, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Shakshi Sharma
- Donald W. Reynolds Department of Geriatrics and Institute on Aging, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Amanda Pangle
- Donald W. Reynolds Department of Geriatrics and Institute on Aging, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Yingni Che
- Donald W. Reynolds Department of Geriatrics and Institute on Aging, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Robert R Wolfe
- Donald W. Reynolds Department of Geriatrics and Institute on Aging, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
| | - Jeanne Y Wei
- Donald W. Reynolds Department of Geriatrics and Institute on Aging, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, AR, 72205, USA
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Ferrando AA, Wolfe RR, Hirsch KR, Church DD, Kviatkovsky SA, Roberts MD, Stout JR, Gonzalez DE, Sowinski RJ, Kreider RB, Kerksick CM, Burd NA, Pasiakos SM, Ormsbee MJ, Arent SM, Arciero PJ, Campbell BI, VanDusseldorp TA, Jager R, Willoughby DS, Kalman DS, Antonio J. International Society of Sports Nutrition Position Stand: Effects of essential amino acid supplementation on exercise and performance. J Int Soc Sports Nutr 2023; 20:2263409. [PMID: 37800468 PMCID: PMC10561576 DOI: 10.1080/15502783.2023.2263409] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2023] [Accepted: 09/21/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Position Statement: The International Society of Sports Nutrition (ISSN) presents this position based on a critical examination of literature surrounding the effects of essential amino acid (EAA) supplementation on skeletal muscle maintenance and performance. This position stand is intended to provide a scientific foundation to athletes, dietitians, trainers, and other practitioners as to the benefits of supplemental EAA in both healthy and resistant (aging/clinical) populations. EAAs are crucial components of protein intake in humans, as the body cannot synthesize them. The daily recommended intake (DRI) for protein was established to prevent deficiencies due to inadequate EAA consumption. The following conclusions represent the official position of the Society: 1. Initial studies on EAAs' effects on skeletal muscle highlight their primary role in stimulating muscle protein synthesis (MPS) and turnover. Protein turnover is critical for replacing degraded or damaged muscle proteins, laying the metabolic foundation for enhanced functional performance. Consequently, research has shifted to examine the effects of EAA supplementation - with and without the benefits of exercise - on skeletal muscle maintenance and performance. 2. Supplementation with free-form EAAs leads to a quick rise in peripheral EAA concentrations, which in turn stimulates MPS. 3. The safe upper limit of EAA intake (amount), without inborn metabolic disease, can easily accommodate additional supplementation. 4. At rest, stimulation of MPS occurs at relatively small dosages (1.5-3.0 g) and seems to plateau at around 15-18 g. 5. The MPS stimulation by EAAs does not require non-essential amino acids. 6. Free-form EAA ingestion stimulates MPS more than an equivalent amount of intact protein. 7. Repeated EAA-induced MPS stimulation throughout the day does not diminish the anabolic effect of meal intake. 8. Although direct comparisons of various formulas have yet to be investigated, aging requires a greater proportion of leucine to overcome the reduced muscle sensitivity known as "anabolic resistance." 9. Without exercise, EAA supplementation can enhance functional outcomes in anabolic-resistant populations. 10. EAA requirements rise in the face of caloric deficits. During caloric deficit, it's essential to meet whole-body EAA requirements to preserve anabolic sensitivity in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arny A. Ferrando
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Center for Translational Research in Aging and Longevity, Department of Geriatrics, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Robert R. Wolfe
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Center for Translational Research in Aging and Longevity, Department of Geriatrics, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Katie R. Hirsch
- University of South Carolina, Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - David D. Church
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Center for Translational Research in Aging and Longevity, Department of Geriatrics, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | - Shiloah A. Kviatkovsky
- University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Center for Translational Research in Aging and Longevity, Department of Geriatrics, Little Rock, AR, USA
| | | | - Jeffrey R. Stout
- University of Central Florida, School of Kinesiology and Rehabilitation Sciences, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Drew E. Gonzalez
- Texas A&M University, Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab, Department of Kinesiology and Sports Management, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Ryan J. Sowinski
- Texas A&M University, Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab, Department of Kinesiology and Sports Management, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Richard B. Kreider
- Texas A&M University, Exercise & Sport Nutrition Lab, Department of Kinesiology and Sports Management, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Chad M. Kerksick
- Lindenwood University, Exercise and Performance Nutrition Laboratory, College of Science, Technology, and Health, St Charles, MO, USA
| | - Nicholas A. Burd
- University of Illinois Urbana-Champaign, Department of Kinesiology and Community Health, Urbana, IL, USA
| | - Stefan M. Pasiakos
- National Institutes of Health, Office of Dietary Supplements, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Michael J. Ormsbee
- Florida State University, Institute of Sports Sciences and Medicine, Nutrition and Integrative Physiology, Tallahassee, FL, USA
| | - Shawn M. Arent
- University of South Carolina, Department of Exercise Science, Arnold School of Public Health, Columbia, SC, USA
| | - Paul J. Arciero
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Sports Medicine and Nutrition, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Skidmore College, Health and Physiological Sciences, Saratoga Springs, NY, USA
| | - Bill I. Campbell
- University of South Florida, Performance & Physique Enhancement Laboratory, Tampa, FL, USA
| | - Trisha A. VanDusseldorp
- Bonafede Health, LLC, JDS Therapeutics, Harrison, NY, USA
- Jacksonville University, Department of Health and Exercise Sciences, Jacksonville, FL, USA
| | | | - Darryn S. Willoughby
- University of Mary Hardin-Baylor, Human Performance Lab, School of Exercise and Sport Science, Belton, TX, USA
| | - Douglas S. Kalman
- Nova Southeastern University, Dr. Kiran C Patel College of Osteopathic Medicine, Department of Nutrition, Davie, FL, USA
| | - Jose Antonio
- Nova Southeastern University, Department of Health and Human Performance, Davie, FL, USA
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4
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Schenkl C, Heyne E, Doenst T, Schulze PC, Nguyen TD. Targeting Mitochondrial Metabolism to Save the Failing Heart. Life (Basel) 2023; 13:life13041027. [PMID: 37109556 PMCID: PMC10143865 DOI: 10.3390/life13041027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/17/2023] [Revised: 03/28/2023] [Accepted: 04/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Despite considerable progress in treating cardiac disorders, the prevalence of heart failure (HF) keeps growing, making it a global medical and economic burden. HF is characterized by profound metabolic remodeling, which mostly occurs in the mitochondria. Although it is well established that the failing heart is energy-deficient, the role of mitochondria in the pathophysiology of HF extends beyond the energetic aspects. Changes in substrate oxidation, tricarboxylic acid cycle and the respiratory chain have emerged as key players in regulating myocardial energy homeostasis, Ca2+ handling, oxidative stress and inflammation. This work aims to highlight metabolic alterations in the mitochondria and their far-reaching effects on the pathophysiology of HF. Based on this knowledge, we will also discuss potential metabolic approaches to improve cardiac function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Schenkl
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Estelle Heyne
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Torsten Doenst
- Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Paul Christian Schulze
- Department of Medicine I (Cardiology, Angiology, Critical Care Medicine), Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
| | - Tien Dung Nguyen
- Department of Medicine I (Cardiology, Angiology, Critical Care Medicine), Jena University Hospital, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Am Klinikum 1, 07747 Jena, Germany
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5
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Abstract
Chronic kidney disease is associated with an increased risk for the development and progression of cardiovascular disorders including hypertension, dyslipidemia, and coronary artery disease. Chronic kidney disease may also affect the myocardium through complex systemic changes, resulting in structural remodeling such as hypertrophy and fibrosis, as well as impairments in both diastolic and systolic function. These cardiac changes in the setting of chronic kidney disease define a specific cardiomyopathic phenotype known as uremic cardiomyopathy. Cardiac function is tightly linked to its metabolism, and research over the past 3 decades has revealed significant metabolic remodeling in the myocardium during the development of heart failure. Because the concept of uremic cardiomyopathy has only been recognized in recent years, there are limited data on metabolism in the uremic heart. Nonetheless, recent findings suggest overlapping mechanisms with heart failure. This work reviews key features of metabolic remodeling in the failing heart in the general population and extends this to patients with chronic kidney disease. The knowledge of similarities and differences in cardiac metabolism between heart failure and uremic cardiomyopathy may help identify new targets for mechanistic and therapeutic research on uremic cardiomyopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- T Dung Nguyen
- Department of Internal Medicine I, University Hospital Jena, Jena, Germany
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6
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Hardiany NS, Agusta I, Dewi S, Iswanti FC, Paramita R. Protein and Energy Supplements for the Elderly. Subcell Biochem 2023; 103:309-339. [PMID: 37120474 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-031-26576-1_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2023]
Abstract
The proportion of elderly individuals is rising globally, and data have shown that as high as 8% of the elderly community suffer from malnutrition. Protein energy malnutrition has shown to elevate morbidity and mortality risk in the elderly; therefore, protein and energy supplement are needed for the elderly populations to create healthy conditions. This chapter describes about general structure of protein, protein turnover, amino acid metabolism including metabolism in the elderly, protein change in aging, supplementation of amino acid as well as vitamin and mineral for the elderly. The discussion in this section aims to provide a general description of protein, amino acids, changes in amino acid metabolism in the elderly, and the benefits of supplementing amino acids as well as vitamins and minerals for the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Novi Silvia Hardiany
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
- Center of Hypoxia and Oxidative Stress Studies, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
- Molecular Biology and Proteomic Core Facilities, Indonesia Medical Education and Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia.
| | - Istiqomah Agusta
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Center of Hypoxia and Oxidative Stress Studies, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Syarifah Dewi
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Center of Hypoxia and Oxidative Stress Studies, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Febriana Catur Iswanti
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Center of Hypoxia and Oxidative Stress Studies, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Molecular Biology and Proteomic Core Facilities, Indonesia Medical Education and Research Institute, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
| | - Reni Paramita
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
- Center of Hypoxia and Oxidative Stress Studies, Faculty of Medicine Universitas Indonesia, Jakarta, Indonesia
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7
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[Malnutrition management of hospitalized patients with diabetes/hyperglycemia and heart failure]. NUTR HOSP 2022; 39:23-30. [PMID: 36546329 DOI: 10.20960/nh.04508] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction Heart failure (HF) is one of the leading causes of morbidity and mortality among older people, making it a major public health problem. Cardiovascular diseases in general, and HF in particular, are common comorbidities in people with type 2 diabetes (DM2). The concurrence of DM2 and HF is associated with more severe clinical symptoms and signs, and poorer quality of life and prognosis. Furthermore, due to the hypercatabolic state and nutrient absorption disorders, malnutrition is present in many HF cases. This article describes the results of the expert consensus and the responses of the panelists on the nutritional management in routine clinical practice of patients with diabetes/hyperglycemia hospitalized (non-critically ill) with HF.
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8
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Uchiyama H, Kadota K, Tozuka Y. A review of transglycosylated compounds as food additives to enhance the solubility and oral absorption of hydrophobic compounds in nutraceuticals and pharmaceuticals. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 63:11226-11243. [PMID: 35757865 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2092056] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Transglycosylation has been used to modify the physicochemical properties of original compounds. As a result, transglycosylated compounds can form molecular aggregates in size ranges of a few nanometers in an aqueous medium when their concentrations exceed a specific level. Incorporating these hydrophobic compounds has been observed to enhance the solubility of hydrophobic compounds into aggregate structures. Thus, this review introduces four transglycosylated compounds as food additives that can enhance the solubility and oral absorption of hydrophobic compounds. Here, transglycosylated hesperidin, transglycosylated rutin, transglycosylated naringin, and transglycosylated stevia are the focus as representative substances. Significantly, we observed that amorphous formations containing hydrophobic compounds with transglycosylated compounds improved solubility and oral absorption compared to untreated hydrophobic compounds. Moreover, combining transglycosylated compounds with hydrophilic polymers or surfactants enhanced the solubilizing effects on hydrophobic compounds. Furthermore, the enhanced solubility of hydrophobic compounds improved their oral absorption. Transglycosylated compounds also influenced nanoparticle preparation of hydrophobic compounds as a dispersant. This study demonstrated the benefits of transglycosylated compounds in developing supplements and nutraceuticals of hydrophobic compounds with poor aqueous solubility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiromasa Uchiyama
- Department of Formulation Design and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Kazunori Kadota
- Department of Formulation Design and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
| | - Yuichi Tozuka
- Department of Formulation Design and Pharmaceutical Technology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Osaka Medical and Pharmaceutical University, Takatsuki, Osaka, Japan
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Hotta K, Taniguchi R, Nakayama H, Yamaguchi F, Sato Y. The Effects of an Oral Nutritional Supplement with Whey Peptides and Branched-Chain Amino Acids for Cardiac Rehabilitation of Patients with Chronic Heart Failure. Int Heart J 2021; 62:1342-1347. [PMID: 34789638 DOI: 10.1536/ihj.21-102] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The aim of the present study was to determine whether the addition of an oral nutritional supplement with whey peptides and branched-chain amino acids for cardiac rehabilitation improves cardiopulmonary function, skeletal muscle function, and metabolism in CHF patients.In this randomized, parallel-group comparative pilot study, 20 CHF patients were randomly assigned to the nutrition group (n = 10) or the control group (n = 10). At baseline and 12 weeks, we performed physical examinations, motor function evaluation, clinical laboratory tests, nutritional status assessment, and echocardiography. The primary outcome was exercise tolerance, as determined by the cardiopulmonary stress test (CPX), 6-minute walking test (6MWT), and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) levels.During follow-up, body weight, body mass index, total muscle mass, and total lean mass did not change significantly in either group. The total fat mass significantly increased in the nutrition group (14.3 ± 5.4 kg versus 16.1 ± 5.5 kg, P < 0.001) but did not change in the control group, and the difference in the changes in total fat mass between groups was significant (-0.26 ± 0.96 kg versus 1.49 ± 0.63 kg, P < 0.001). The peakVO2 and 6-minute walk test (6 MWT) significantly increased in the nutrition group (14.6 ± 3.4 mL/minute/kg versus 15.8 ± 3.8 mL/minute/kg, P = 0.029; 346.9 ± 103.1 m versus 382.7 ± 102.1 m, P = 0.048; respectively) but did not change in the control group. The changes in peakVO2 and 6MWT did not significantly differ between the groups.The oral nutritional supplement for the treatment of CHF was effective for cardiac rehabilitation in terms of fat mass and exercise capacity.The present study demonstrated that oral nutritional supplements with whey peptides and branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) for cardiac rehabilitation in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) increased fat mass and exercise capacity. We conclude that whey peptides and BCAA supplementation may be a useful treatment for CHF patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kozo Hotta
- Departments of Cardiology, Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center
| | - Ryoji Taniguchi
- Departments of Cardiology, Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center
| | - Hiroyuki Nakayama
- Departments of Cardiology, Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center
| | - Fumitaka Yamaguchi
- Departments of Cardiology, Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center
| | - Yukihito Sato
- Departments of Cardiology, Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center
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10
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Habaybeh D, de Moraes MB, Slee A, Avgerinou C. Nutritional interventions for heart failure patients who are malnourished or at risk of malnutrition or cachexia: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Heart Fail Rev 2021; 26:1103-1118. [PMID: 32124164 PMCID: PMC8310486 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-020-09937-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Malnutrition is common in heart failure (HF), and it is associated with higher hospital readmission and mortality rates. This review aims to answer the question whether nutritional interventions aiming to increase protein and energy intake are effective at improving outcomes for patients with HF who are malnourished or at risk of malnutrition or cachexia. Systematic searches of four databases (Medline, Embase, CINAHL and Cochrane Central Register of Controlled Trials (CENTRAL)) were conducted on 21 June 2019. Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) or other interventional studies using protein or energy supplementation for adult HF patients who are malnourished or at risk of malnutrition or cachexia were included. Two independent reviewers assessed study eligibility and risk of bias. Five studies (four RCTs and one pilot RCT) met the inclusion criteria. The majority of studies were small and of limited quality. The pooled weighted mean difference (WMD) for body weight showed a benefit from the nutritional intervention by 3.83 kg (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.17 to 7.50, P = 0.04) from three trials with no significant benefit for triceps skinfold thickness (WMD = - 2.14 mm, 95% CI - 9.07 to 4.79, P = 0.55) from two trials. The combination of personalized nutrition intervention with conventional treatment led to a decrease in all-cause mortality and hospital readmission in one study. Findings of this review suggest that nutritional interventions could potentially improve outcomes in HF patients who are malnourished or at risk of malnutrition. However, the strength of the evidence is poor, and more robust studies with a larger number of participants are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dina Habaybeh
- Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | | | - Adrian Slee
- Division of Medicine, University College London, London, UK
| | - Christina Avgerinou
- Department of Primary Care and Population Health, University College London, Rowland Hill Street, London, NW3 2PF, UK.
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11
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Fernández-Pombo A, Rodríguez-Carnero G, Castro AI, Cantón-Blanco A, Seoane LM, Casanueva FF, Crujeiras AB, Martínez-Olmos MA. Relevance of nutritional assessment and treatment to counteract cardiac cachexia and sarcopenia in chronic heart failure. Clin Nutr 2021; 40:5141-5155. [PMID: 34461588 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2021.07.027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/15/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Chronic heart failure (CHF) is frequently associated with the involuntary loss of body weight and muscle wasting, which can determine the course of the disease and its prognosis. While there is no gold standard malnutrition screening tool for their detection in the CHF population, several bioelectrical and imaging methods have been used to assess body composition in these patients (such as Dual Energy X-Ray Absorptiometry and muscle ultrasound, among other techniques). In addition, numerous nutritional biomarkers have been found to be useful in the determination of the nutritional status. Nutritional considerations include the slow and progressive supply of nutrients, avoiding high volumes, which could ultimately lead to refeeding syndrome and worsen the clinical picture. If oral feeding is insufficient, hypercaloric and hyperproteic supplementation should be considered. β-Hydroxy-β-methylbutyrate and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid administration prove to be beneficial in certain patients with CHF, and several interventional studies with micronutrient supplementation have also described their possible role in these subjects. Taking into account that CHF is sometimes associated with gastrointestinal dysfunction, parenteral nutritional support may be required in selected cases. In addition, potential therapeutic options regarding nutritional state and muscle wasting have also been tested in clinical studies. This review summarises the scientific evidence that demonstrates the necessity to carry out a careful nutritional evaluation and nutritional treatment to prevent or improve cardiac cachexia and sarcopenia in CHF, as well as improve its course.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antía Fernández-Pombo
- Division of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS/SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Gemma Rodríguez-Carnero
- Division of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS/SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Epigenomics in Endocrinology and Nutrition Group, Epigenomics Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS/SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ana I Castro
- Division of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS/SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBERobn), Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana Cantón-Blanco
- Division of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS/SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Epigenomics in Endocrinology and Nutrition Group, Epigenomics Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS/SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBERobn), Madrid, Spain
| | - Luisa M Seoane
- CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBERobn), Madrid, Spain; Endocrine Physiopathology Group, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS/SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Felipe F Casanueva
- CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBERobn), Madrid, Spain; Laboratory of Molecular and Cellular Endocrinology, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago de Compostela (CHUS/SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain
| | - Ana B Crujeiras
- Epigenomics in Endocrinology and Nutrition Group, Epigenomics Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS/SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBERobn), Madrid, Spain.
| | - Miguel A Martínez-Olmos
- Division of Endocrinology and Nutrition, Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS/SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; Epigenomics in Endocrinology and Nutrition Group, Epigenomics Unit, Instituto de Investigación Sanitaria de Santiago de Compostela (IDIS), Complejo Hospitalario Universitario de Santiago (CHUS/SERGAS), Santiago de Compostela, Spain; CIBER Fisiopatologia de la Obesidad y Nutricion (CIBERobn), Madrid, Spain; Universidade de Santiago de Compostela, Santiago de Compostela, Spain.
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12
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Abstract
Nutrition is the primary source of energy production for myocardial contractility and to maintaining cardiac efficiency. Although many studies provided evidence of the benefits of nutritional intervention in chronic heart failure patients (CHF), these effects are not still completely understood. We searched in PubMed and Embase articles related to the following keywords: "chronic heart failure" with "diet," "nutrition," "insulin resistance," and "caloric restriction." Of the 975 retrieved articles, 20 have been selected. The primary endpoint was the left ventricular (LV) function and the secondary mortality rate in HF patients. Some studies showed that the Mediterranean diet (MedDiet) had a beneficial effect on cardiac function, while others did not find any positive impact. Nutritional supplements and hypercaloric intake had positive effects on underweight HF patients, while hypocaloric diet was beneficial in obese HF patients improving glucose control and cardiac function. The effect of MedDiet in HF patients showed conflicting results. Changes in the dietary pattern can reduce the evolution of HF, considering not only the quality of food but also the caloric intake. The discriminant factor to prescribe a diet regime in HF patients is represented by body mass index (BMI). A well-balanced caloric diet represents an effective therapy in overweight HF patients to reduce the mortality rate. Long-term studies evaluating cause-effect of energy and macronutrients intake on cardiac function in HF patients are necessary.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vittorio Emanuele Bianchi
- Endocrinology and Metabolism, Clinical Center Stella Maris, Strada Rovereta, 42-47891 Falciano, Falciano, San Marino.
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13
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How Can Malnutrition Affect Autophagy in Chronic Heart Failure? Focus and Perspectives. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22073332. [PMID: 33805128 PMCID: PMC8036550 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22073332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Revised: 03/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic heart failure (CHF) is a disease with important clinical and socio-economic ramifications. Malnutrition and severe alteration of the protein components of the body (protein disarrangements), common conditions in CHF patients, are independent correlates of heart dysfunction, disease progression, and mortality. Autophagy, a prominent occurrence in the heart of patients with advanced CHF, is a self-digestive process that prolongs myocardial cell lifespan by the removal of cytosolic components, such as aging organelles and proteins, and recycles the constituent elements for new protein synthesis. However, in specific conditions, excessive activation of autophagy can lead to the destruction of molecules and organelles essential to cell survival, ultimately leading to organ failure and patient death. In this review, we aim to describe the experimental and clinical evidence supporting a pathophysiological role of nutrition and autophagy in the progression of CHF. The understanding of the mechanisms underlying the interplay between nutrition and autophagy may have important clinical implications by providing molecular targets for innovative therapeutic strategies in CHF patients.
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14
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Hiraiwa H, Okumura T, Kondo T, Kato T, Kazama S, Kimura Y, Ishihara T, Iwata E, Shimojo M, Kondo S, Aoki S, Kanzaki Y, Tanimura D, Sano H, Awaji Y, Yamada S, Murohara T. Prognostic value of leucine/phenylalanine ratio as an amino acid profile of heart failure. Heart Vessels 2021; 36:965-977. [PMID: 33481086 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-020-01765-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) causes a hypercatabolic state that enhances the catabolic activity of branched-chain amino acids (BCAA; leucine, isoleucine, and valine) in the heart and skeletal muscles and reduces protein synthesis in the liver. Consequently, free plasma aromatic amino acids (AAA, tyrosine and phenylalanine) are increased. To date, we have reported the prognostic value of the BCAA/AAA ratio (Fischer's ratio) in patients with HF. However, the leucine/phenylalanine ratio, which is a simpler index than the Fischer's ratio, has not been examined. Therefore, the prognostic value of the leucine/phenylalanine ratio in patients with HF was investigated. Overall 157 consecutive patients hospitalized for worsening HF (81 men, median age 78 years) were enrolled in the study. Plasma amino acid levels were measured when the patients were stabilized at discharge. Cardiac events were defined as a composite of cardiac death and hospitalization for worsening HF. A total of 46 cardiac events occurred during the median follow-up period of 238 (interquartile range 93-365) days. The median leucine/phenylalanine ratio was significantly lower in patients with cardiac events than in those without cardiac events (1.4 vs. 1.8, P < 0.001). The best cutoff value of the leucine/phenylalanine ratio was determined as 1.7 in the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve for cardiac events. Following a Kaplan-Meier survival analysis, the low group (leucine/phenylalanine ratio < 1.7, n = 72) had more cardiac events than the high group (leucine/phenylalanine ratio ≥ 1.7, n = 85) (log-rank, P < 0.001). Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression analysis showed that the leucine/phenylalanine ratio was an independent predictor of cardiac events. Furthermore, on comparing the prognostic values for cardiac events based on ROC curves of leucine levels, BCAA levels, Fischer's ratio, and leucine/phenylalanine ratio, the leucine/phenylalanine ratio was the most accurate in predicting future cardiac events (area under the curve 0.763,; sensitivity 0.783,; specificity 0.676,; P < 0.001). The leucine/phenylalanine ratio could be a useful predictor of future cardiac events in patients with HF, reflecting an imbalance in amino acid metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Hiraiwa
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya Ekisaikai Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Takahiro Okumura
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan.
| | - Toru Kondo
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Toshiaki Kato
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya Ekisaikai Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Shingo Kazama
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Yuki Kimura
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Ishihara
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Etsuo Iwata
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Masafumi Shimojo
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
| | - Sayano Kondo
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya Ekisaikai Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Soichiro Aoki
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya Ekisaikai Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yasunori Kanzaki
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya Ekisaikai Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Daisuke Tanimura
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya Ekisaikai Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Sano
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya Ekisaikai Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Yoshifumi Awaji
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya Ekisaikai Hospital, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Sumio Yamada
- Department of Health Sciences, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, Nagoya, Japan
| | - Toyoaki Murohara
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine, 65 Tsurumai, Showa, Nagoya, 466-8550, Japan
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15
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Azhar G, Wei JY, Schutzler SE, Coker K, Gibson RV, Kirby MF, Ferrando AA, Wolfe RR. Daily Consumption of a Specially Formulated Essential Amino Acid-Based Dietary Supplement Improves Physical Performance in Older Adults With Low Physical Functioning. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 76:1184-1191. [PMID: 33475727 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glab019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
We have investigated the hypothesis that nutritional supplementation of the diet in low-physical-functioning older individuals with a specially formulated composition based on essential amino acids (EAAs) would improve physical function as compared to supplementation with the same amount of whey protein. A third group of comparable volunteers were given nutrition education but no supplementation of the diet. After 6 weeks of whey protein supplementation (n = 32), there was no effect on the distance walked in 6 minutes, but the distance walked improved significantly from the pre-value after 12 weeks of whey supplementation. EAA consumption (n = 28) significantly improved walking distance at both 6 and 12 weeks. The distance walked at 12 weeks (419.0 ± 25.0 m) was 35.4 m greater than the pre-value of 384.0 ± 23.0 m (p < .001). The increase in distance walked by the EAA group was also significantly greater than that in the whey group at both 6 and 12 weeks (p < .01). In contrast, a decrease in distance walked was observed in the control group (n = 32) (not statistically significant, NS). EAA supplementation also improved grip strength and leg strength, and decreased body weight and fat mass. Plasma low-density lipoprotein concentration was significantly reduced in the EAA group, as well as the concentration of macrophage migration inhibitory factor. There were no adverse responses in any groups, and compliance was greater than 95% in all individuals consuming supplements. We conclude that dietary supplementation with an EAA-based composition may be a beneficial therapy in older individuals with low physical functional capacity. Clinical Trials Registration Number: This study was registered with ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT03424265-"Nutritional interventions in heart failure."
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Affiliation(s)
- Gohar Azhar
- Department of Geriatrics, Donald W. Reynolds Institute on Aging, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, USA
| | - Jeanne Y Wei
- Department of Geriatrics, Donald W. Reynolds Institute on Aging, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, USA
| | - Scott E Schutzler
- Department of Geriatrics, Donald W. Reynolds Institute on Aging, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, USA
| | - Karen Coker
- Department of Geriatrics, Donald W. Reynolds Institute on Aging, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, USA
| | - Regina V Gibson
- Department of Geriatrics, Donald W. Reynolds Institute on Aging, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, USA
| | - Mitchell F Kirby
- Department of Dietetics and Nutrition, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, USA
| | - Arny A Ferrando
- Department of Geriatrics, Donald W. Reynolds Institute on Aging, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, USA
| | - Robert R Wolfe
- Department of Geriatrics, Donald W. Reynolds Institute on Aging, University of Arkansas for Medical Sciences, Little Rock, USA
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16
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Energy intake during hospital stay predicts all-cause mortality after discharge independently of nutritional status in elderly heart failure patients. Clin Res Cardiol 2021; 110:1202-1220. [PMID: 33399954 PMCID: PMC8318973 DOI: 10.1007/s00392-020-01774-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Accepted: 10/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Objective Malnutrition is associated with an increased risk of mortality in heart failure (HF) patients. Here, we examined the hypothesis that assessment of energy intake in addition to nutritional status improves the stratification of mortality risk in elderly HF patients. Methods We retrospectively examined 419 HF patients aged ≥ 65 years (median 78 years, 49% female). Nutritional status was assessed by the Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form (MNA-SF), and daily energy intake was calculated from intake during 3 consecutive days before discharge. Results During a median 1.52-year period (IQR 0.96–2.94 years), 110 patients (26%) died. Kaplan–Meier survival curves showed that patients with low tertile of daily energy intake had a higher mortality rate than did patients with high or middle tertile of daily energy intake. In multivariate Cox regression analyses, low daily energy intake was independently associated with higher mortality after adjustment for the model including age, sex, BNP, Charlson Comorbidity Index, history of HF hospitalization, and cachexia in addition to MNA-SF. Inclusion of both MNA-SF and energy intake into the adjustment model improved the accuracy of prediction of the mortality after discharge (continuous net reclassification improvement, 0.355, p = 0.003; integrated discrimination improvement, 0.029, p = 0.003). Results of a fully adjusted dose-dependent association analysis showed that risk of all-cause mortality was lowest among HF patients who consumed 31.5 kcal/kg/day of energy. Conclusions Energy intake during hospital stay is an independent predictor of the mortality in elderly HF patients, and its assessment together with established predictors improves the mortality risk stratification. Graphic abstract ![]()
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17
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von Haehling S, Garfias Macedo T, Valentova M, Anker MS, Ebner N, Bekfani T, Haarmann H, Schefold JC, Lainscak M, Cleland JGF, Doehner W, Hasenfuss G, Anker SD. Muscle wasting as an independent predictor of survival in patients with chronic heart failure. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2020; 11:1242-1249. [PMID: 32767518 PMCID: PMC7567155 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skeletal muscle wasting is an extremely common feature in patients with heart failure, affecting approximately 20% of ambulatory patients with even higher values during acute decompensation. Its occurrence is associated with reduced exercise capacity, muscle strength, and quality of life. We sought to investigate if the presence of muscle wasting carries prognostic information. METHODS Two hundred sixty-eight ambulatory patients with heart failure (age 67.1 ± 10.9 years, New York Heart Association class 2.3 ± 0.6, left ventricular ejection fraction 39 ± 13.3%, and 21% female) were prospectively enrolled as part of the Studies Investigating Co-morbidities Aggravating Heart Failure. Muscle wasting as assessed using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry was present in 47 patients (17.5%). RESULTS During a mean follow-up of 67.2 ± 28.02 months, 95 patients (35.4%) died from any cause. After adjusting for age, New York Heart Association class, left ventricular ejection fraction, creatinine, N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, and iron deficiency, muscle wasting remained an independent predictor of death (hazard ratio 1.80, 95% confidence interval 1.01-3.19, P = 0.04). This effect was more pronounced in patients with heart failure with reduced than in heart failure with preserved ejection fraction. CONCLUSIONS Muscle wasting is an independent predictor of death in ambulatory patients with heart failure. Clinical trials are needed to identify treatment approaches to this co-morbidity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan von Haehling
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University of Göttingen Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tania Garfias Macedo
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University of Göttingen Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Miroslava Valentova
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University of Göttingen Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Markus S Anker
- Division of Cardiology and Metabolism, Department of Cardiology and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (CVK), Berlin, Germany.,Department of Cardiology, Charité Campus Benjamin Franklin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Nicole Ebner
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University of Göttingen Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Tarek Bekfani
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Cardiology and Angiology, Magdeburg University, Magdeburg, Germany
| | - Helge Haarmann
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University of Göttingen Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Joerg C Schefold
- Department of Intensive Care Medicine, Inselspital, Bern University Hospital, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mitja Lainscak
- Division of Cardiology, General Hospital Murska Sobota, Murska Sobota, Slovenia.,Faculty of Medicine, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - John G F Cleland
- Robertson Centre for Biostatistics and Clinical Trials, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, UK.,National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College London, London, UK
| | - Wolfram Doehner
- Division of Cardiology and Metabolism, Department of Cardiology and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (CVK), Berlin, Germany.,BCRT-Berlin Institute of Health Center for Regenerative Therapies, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Gerd Hasenfuss
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University of Göttingen Medical Center, Göttingen, Germany.,German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Göttingen, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan D Anker
- Division of Cardiology and Metabolism, Department of Cardiology and Berlin-Brandenburg Center for Regenerative Therapies (BCRT), German Centre for Cardiovascular Research (DZHK), Partner Site Berlin, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin (CVK), Berlin, Germany
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18
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Wernicke C, Apostolopoulou K, Hornemann S, Efthymiou A, Machann J, Schmidt S, Primessnig U, Bergmann MM, Grune T, Gerbracht C, Herber K, Pohrt A, Pfeiffer AF, Spranger J, Mai K. Long-term effects of a food pattern on cardiovascular risk factors and age-related changes of muscular and cognitive function. Medicine (Baltimore) 2020; 99:e22381. [PMID: 32991458 PMCID: PMC7523819 DOI: 10.1097/md.0000000000022381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The mean age of the German population increased over the last years, which resulted in a higher prevalence of cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, cognitive impairment, sarcopenia and bone fractures. Current evidence indicates a preservation of human wellbeing in the elderly by a healthy diet, although the recommended macronutrient composition and quality remains unclear and needs further long-term investigation. In this context we investigate the effect of a specific dietary pattern on age-related disorders in a randomized controlled multi-center trial (RCT). METHODS We assess the effect of a specific dietary pattern (NutriAct) with a high proportion of unsaturated fat, plant proteins and fibres (fat 35%-40% of total energy (%E) of which 15%E-20%E monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) and 10%E-15%E polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA), 15%E-25%E proteins, ≥30 g fibres per day and 35%E-45%E carbohydrates) on age-related impairment of health within a 36-months RCT conducted in the region of Berlin and Potsdam. 502 eligible men (n = 183) and women (n = 319), aged 50 to 80 years, with an increased risk to develop age-related diseases were randomly assigned to either an intervention group focusing on NutriAct dietary pattern or a control group focusing on usual care and dietary recommendations in accordance to the German Nutrition Society (DGE). In the intervention group, 21 nutrition counsellings as well as supplementation of rapeseed oil, oil cake and specific designed foods are used to achieve the intended NutriAct dietary pattern.The primary outcome is a composite endpoint of age-related disorders, including cardiovascular morbidity, decline of cognitive function as well as clinical features of sarcopenia. Secondary outcomes include diet-induced effects on quality of life, depression, frailty, cardiovascular function, bone density, fat distribution pattern, glucose, lipid and energy metabolism, as well as the identification of biomarkers linked with age-related disorders. DISCUSSION The findings of this trial will provide clinically relevant information regarding dietary effects on age-related impairment of health and will contribute to the definition of the optimal macronutrient composition in the context of healthy aging in the German population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Wernicke
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 10117 Berlin
- NutriAct-Competence Cluster Nutrition Research, Berlin-Potsdam
| | - Konstantina Apostolopoulou
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 10117 Berlin
- NutriAct-Competence Cluster Nutrition Research, Berlin-Potsdam
| | - Silke Hornemann
- NutriAct-Competence Cluster Nutrition Research, Berlin-Potsdam
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal
- German Center for Diabetes Research, München-Neuherberg
| | - Andriana Efthymiou
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 10117 Berlin
- NutriAct-Competence Cluster Nutrition Research, Berlin-Potsdam
| | - Jürgen Machann
- Institute for Diabetes Research and Metabolic Diseases (IDM) of the Helmholtz Center Munich at the University of Tübingen, Tübingen
- German Center for Diabetes Research, München-Neuherberg
- Section on Experimental Radiology, Department of Diagnostic and Interventional Radiology, University Hospital Tübingen, Tübingen
| | - Sein Schmidt
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Clinical Research Unit, 10117 Berlin
| | - Uwe Primessnig
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin
| | - Manuela M. Bergmann
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal
| | - Tilman Grune
- NutriAct-Competence Cluster Nutrition Research, Berlin-Potsdam
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal
| | - Christiana Gerbracht
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal
| | - Katharina Herber
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 10117 Berlin
- NutriAct-Competence Cluster Nutrition Research, Berlin-Potsdam
| | - Anne Pohrt
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Institute of Biometry and Clinical Epidemiology, Berlin, Germany
| | - Andreas F.H. Pfeiffer
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 10117 Berlin
- NutriAct-Competence Cluster Nutrition Research, Berlin-Potsdam
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, German Institute of Human Nutrition, Potsdam-Rehbruecke, Nuthetal
- German Center for Diabetes Research, München-Neuherberg
| | - Joachim Spranger
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 10117 Berlin
- NutriAct-Competence Cluster Nutrition Research, Berlin-Potsdam
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin
| | - Knut Mai
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, 10117 Berlin
- NutriAct-Competence Cluster Nutrition Research, Berlin-Potsdam
- Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, Clinical Research Unit, 10117 Berlin
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, Berlin
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Malnutrition, sarcopenia, and cachexia are areas of increasing interest in the management of patients with heart failure (HF). This review aims to examine the serological markers useful in guiding the physician in identification of these patients. RECENT FINDINGS Traditional nutritional biomarkers including albumin/prealbumin, iron, and vitamin D deficiencies predict poor prognosis in malnutrition and HF. Novel biomarkers including ghrelin, myostatin, C-terminal agrin fragment, and adiponectin have been identified as possible substrates and/or therapeutic targets in cardiac patients with sarcopenia and cachexia, though clinical trial data is limited to date. Increased focus on nutritional deficiency syndromes in heart failure has led to the use of established markers of malnutrition as well as the identification of novel biomarkers in the management of these patients, though to date, their usage has been confined to the academic domain and further research is required to establish their role in the clinical setting.
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20
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Nguyen TD, Schulze PC. Lipid in the midst of metabolic remodeling - Therapeutic implications for the failing heart. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2020; 159:120-132. [PMID: 32791076 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2020.08.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 08/07/2020] [Accepted: 08/07/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
A healthy heart relies on an intact cardiac lipid metabolism. Fatty acids represent the major source for ATP production in the heart. Not less importantly, lipids are directly involved in critical processes such as cell growth, proliferation, and cell death by functioning as building blocks or signaling molecules. In the development of heart failure, perturbations in fatty acid utilization impair cardiac energetics. Furthermore, they may affect glucose and amino acid metabolism and induce the synthesis of several lipid intermediates, whose biological functions are still poorly understood. This work outlines the pivotal role of lipid metabolism in the heart and provides a lipocentric view of metabolic remodeling in heart failure. We will also critically revisit therapeutic attempts targeting cardiac lipid metabolism in heart failure and propose specific strategies for future investigations in this regard.
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21
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Kimura Y, Okumura T, Kazama S, Shibata N, Oishi H, Arao Y, Kuwayama T, Kato H, Yamaguchi S, Hiraiwa H, Kondo T, Morimoto R, Murohara T. Usefulness of Plasma Branched-Chain Amino Acid Analysis in Predicting Outcomes of Patients with Nonischemic Dilated Cardiomyopathy. Int Heart J 2020; 61:739-747. [DOI: 10.1536/ihj.20-010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Yuki Kimura
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Takahiro Okumura
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Shingo Kazama
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Naoki Shibata
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Hideo Oishi
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Yoshihito Arao
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Tasuku Kuwayama
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Hiroo Kato
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Shogo Yamaguchi
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Hiroaki Hiraiwa
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Toru Kondo
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Ryota Morimoto
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Toyoaki Murohara
- Department of Cardiology, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
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22
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Yamamoto K, Tsuchihashi-Makaya M, Kinugasa Y, Iida Y, Kamiya K, Kihara Y, Kono Y, Sato Y, Suzuki N, Takeuchi H, Higo T, Miyazawa Y, Miyajima I, Yamashina A, Yoshita K, Washida K, Kuzuya M, Takahashi T, Nakaya Y, Hasebe N, Tsutsui H. Japanese Heart Failure Society 2018 Scientific Statement on Nutritional Assessment and Management in Heart Failure Patients. Circ J 2020; 84:1408-1444. [PMID: 32655089 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-20-0322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiro Yamamoto
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University
| | | | - Yoshiharu Kinugasa
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Endocrinology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, Tottori University
| | - Yuki Iida
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kainan Hospital
| | | | - Yasuki Kihara
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hiroshima University Graduate School of Biomedical & Health Sciences
| | - Yuji Kono
- Department of Rehabilitation, Fujita Health University Bantane Hospital
| | - Yukihito Sato
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center
| | - Norio Suzuki
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine, St. Marianna University School of Medicine Yokohama City Seibu Hospital
| | - Harumi Takeuchi
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Nagoya University Hospital
| | - Taiki Higo
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences
| | - Yasushi Miyazawa
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Tokyo Medical University Hospital
| | - Isao Miyajima
- Department of Clinical Nutrition, Chikamori Hospital
| | | | - Katsushi Yoshita
- Department of Food and Human Health Science, Osaka City University Graduate School of Human Life Science
| | - Koichi Washida
- Faculty of Nursing, Kobe Women's University.,Department of Nursing, Hyogo Prefectural Amagasaki General Medical Center
| | - Masafumi Kuzuya
- Department of Community Healthcare & Geriatrics, Nagoya University Graduate School of Medicine
| | - Tetsuya Takahashi
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Science, Juntendo University.,Department of Rehabilitation, Juntendo University Hospital
| | - Yutaka Nakaya
- Department of Internal Medicine, Touto Kasukabe Hospital
| | - Naoyuki Hasebe
- Division of Cardiology, Nephrology, Pulmonology and Neurology, Department of Internal Medicine, Asahikawa Medical University
| | - Hiroyuki Tsutsui
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Kyushu University Graduate School of Medical Sciences
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23
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Usefulness of the plasma branched-chain amino acid/aromatic amino acid ratio for predicting future cardiac events in patients with heart failure. J Cardiol 2020; 75:689-696. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jjcc.2019.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2019] [Revised: 12/14/2019] [Accepted: 12/29/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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24
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Del Buono MG, Arena R, Borlaug BA, Carbone S, Canada JM, Kirkman DL, Garten R, Rodriguez-Miguelez P, Guazzi M, Lavie CJ, Abbate A. Exercise Intolerance in Patients With Heart Failure: JACC State-of-the-Art Review. J Am Coll Cardiol 2020; 73:2209-2225. [PMID: 31047010 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2019.01.072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 236] [Impact Index Per Article: 59.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Exercise intolerance is the cardinal symptom of heart failure (HF) and is of crucial relevance, because it is associated with a poor quality of life and increased mortality. While impaired cardiac reserve is considered to be central in HF, reduced exercise and functional capacity are the result of key patient characteristics and multisystem dysfunction, including aging, impaired pulmonary reserve, as well as peripheral and respiratory skeletal muscle dysfunction. We herein review the different modalities to quantify exercise intolerance, the pathophysiology of HF, and comorbid conditions as they lead to reductions in exercise and functional capacity, highlighting the fact that distinct causes may coexist and variably contribute to exercise intolerance in patients with HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marco Giuseppe Del Buono
- VCU Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia; Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Rome, Italy
| | - Ross Arena
- Department of Physical Therapy, College of Applied Health Sciences, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, Illinois; Total Cardiology Research Network, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Barry A Borlaug
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester, Minnesota
| | - Salvatore Carbone
- VCU Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Justin M Canada
- VCU Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Danielle L Kirkman
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Ryan Garten
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Paula Rodriguez-Miguelez
- Department of Kinesiology and Health Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia
| | - Marco Guazzi
- Cardiology University Department, Heart Failure Unit, University of Milan, IRCCS Policlinico San Donato, San Donato Milanese, Milan, Italy
| | - Carl J Lavie
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Ochsner Clinical School, New Orleans, Louisiana
| | - Antonio Abbate
- VCU Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, Virginia.
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25
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Billingsley HE, Rodriguez-Miguelez P, Del Buono MG, Abbate A, Lavie CJ, Carbone S. Lifestyle Interventions with a Focus on Nutritional Strategies to Increase Cardiorespiratory Fitness in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, Heart Failure, Obesity, Sarcopenia, and Frailty. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11122849. [PMID: 31766324 PMCID: PMC6950118 DOI: 10.3390/nu11122849] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 11/03/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF) is an independent predictor for all-cause and disease-specific morbidity and mortality. CRF is a modifiable risk factor, and exercise training and increased physical activity, as well as targeted medical therapies, can improve CRF. Although nutrition is a modifiable risk factor for chronic noncommunicable diseases, little is known about the effect of dietary patterns and specific nutrients on modifying CRF. This review focuses specifically on trials that implemented dietary supplementation, modified dietary pattern, or enacted caloric restriction, with and without exercise training interventions, and subsequently measured the effect on peak oxygen consumption (VO2) or surrogate measures of CRF and functional capacity. Populations selected for this review are those recognized to have a reduced CRF, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, heart failure, obesity, sarcopenia, and frailty. We then summarize the state of existing knowledge and explore future directions of study in disease states recently recognized to have an abnormal CRF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hayley E. Billingsley
- Department of Internal Medicine, VCU Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA; (H.E.B.); (A.A.)
- Department of Kinesiology & Health Sciences, College of Humanities & Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA;
| | - Paula Rodriguez-Miguelez
- Department of Kinesiology & Health Sciences, College of Humanities & Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA;
| | - Marco Giuseppe Del Buono
- Department of Cardiovascular and Thoracic Sciences, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00168 Rome, Italy;
| | - Antonio Abbate
- Department of Internal Medicine, VCU Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA; (H.E.B.); (A.A.)
| | - Carl J. Lavie
- Department of Cardiovascular Diseases, Ochsner Clinical School, New Orleans, LA 70121, USA;
| | - Salvatore Carbone
- Department of Internal Medicine, VCU Pauley Heart Center, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA; (H.E.B.); (A.A.)
- Department of Kinesiology & Health Sciences, College of Humanities & Sciences, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA 23284, USA;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-804-628-3980
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26
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Shirakabe A, Asai K, Kobayashi N, Okazaki H, Matsushita M, Shibata Y, Goda H, Shigihara S, Asano K, Tani K, Kiuchi K, Hata N, Shimizu W. Prognostic Value of Both Plasma Volume Status and Nutritional Status in Patients With Severely Decompensated Acute Heart Failure. CJC Open 2019; 1:305-315. [PMID: 32159125 PMCID: PMC7063636 DOI: 10.1016/j.cjco.2019.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2019] [Accepted: 10/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Plasma volume status (PVS) has been evaluated recently as a prognostic marker of acute heart failure (AHF). However, whether evaluating PVS alone is sufficient remains unclear. METHODS Of 675 patients with AHF screened, 601 were enrolled. The PVS, prognostic nutritional index (PNI) (lower = worse), and Controlling Nutritional Status (CONUT) score (higher = worse) were evaluated. Patients were divided into 2 groups according to PVS value (low- or high-PVS group) and were further subdivided into 4 groups (low- or high-PVS/CONUT group and low- or high-PVS/PNI group). RESULTS A Kaplan-Meier curve showed a significantly lower survival rate in the high-PVS group than in the low-PVS group, the high-PVS/high-CONUT group than in the high-PVS/low-CONUT group, and the high-PVS/low-PNI group than in the high-PVS/high-PNI group. A multivariate Cox regression model showed that high PVS (hazard ratio [HR], 1.642; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.049-2.570) and high PVS/high CONUT (HR, 2.076; 95% CI, 1.147-3.757) and high PVS/low PNI (HR, 2.094; 95% CI, 1.166-3.761) were independent predictors of 365-day mortality. CONCLUSIONS An adverse outcome was predicted by the evaluation of PVS; furthermore, a malnutrition status with a high PVS leads to an adverse outcome. The simultaneous evaluation of nutrition status and PVS is essential to predict an AHF outcome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Akihiro Shirakabe
- Division of Intensive Care Unit, Nippon Medical School Chiba Hokusoh Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kuniya Asai
- Division of Intensive Care Unit, Nippon Medical School Chiba Hokusoh Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Nobuaki Kobayashi
- Division of Intensive Care Unit, Nippon Medical School Chiba Hokusoh Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hirotake Okazaki
- Division of Intensive Care Unit, Nippon Medical School Chiba Hokusoh Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Masato Matsushita
- Division of Intensive Care Unit, Nippon Medical School Chiba Hokusoh Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Yusaku Shibata
- Division of Intensive Care Unit, Nippon Medical School Chiba Hokusoh Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Hiroki Goda
- Division of Intensive Care Unit, Nippon Medical School Chiba Hokusoh Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Shota Shigihara
- Division of Intensive Care Unit, Nippon Medical School Chiba Hokusoh Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Asano
- Division of Intensive Care Unit, Nippon Medical School Chiba Hokusoh Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kenichi Tani
- Division of Intensive Care Unit, Nippon Medical School Chiba Hokusoh Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Kazutaka Kiuchi
- Division of Intensive Care Unit, Nippon Medical School Chiba Hokusoh Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Noritake Hata
- Division of Intensive Care Unit, Nippon Medical School Chiba Hokusoh Hospital, Chiba, Japan
| | - Wataru Shimizu
- Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo, Japan
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27
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Tucker WJ, Haykowsky MJ, Seo Y, Stehling E, Forman DE. Impaired Exercise Tolerance in Heart Failure: Role of Skeletal Muscle Morphology and Function. Curr Heart Fail Rep 2019; 15:323-331. [PMID: 30178183 DOI: 10.1007/s11897-018-0408-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW To discuss the impact of deleterious changes in skeletal muscle morphology and function on exercise intolerance in patients with heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) and heart failure with preserved ejection fraction (HFpEF), as well as the utility of exercise training and the potential of novel treatment strategies to preserve or improve skeletal muscle morphology and function. RECENT FINDINGS Both HFrEF and HFpEF patients exhibit a reduction in percent of type I (oxidative) muscle fibers and oxidative enzymes coupled with abnormal mitochondrial respiration. These skeletal muscle abnormalities contribute to impaired oxidative metabolism with an earlier shift towards glycolytic metabolism during exercise that is strongly associated with exercise intolerance. In both HFrEF and HFpEF patients, peripheral "non-cardiac" factors are important determinants of the improvement in exercise tolerance following aerobic exercise training. Adjunctive strategies that include nutritional supplementation with amino acids and/or anabolic drugs to stimulate anabolic molecular pathways in skeletal muscle show great promise for improving exercise tolerance and treating heart failure-associated sarcopenia, but these efforts remain early in their evolution, with no immediate clinical applications. There is consistent evidence that heart failure is associated with multiple skeletal muscle abnormalities which impair oxygen uptake and utilization and contribute greatly to exercise intolerance. Exercise training induces favorable adaptations in skeletal muscle morphology and function that contribute to improvements in exercise tolerance in patients with HFrEF. The contribution of skeletal muscle adaptations to improved exercise tolerance following exercise training in HFpEF remains unknown and warrants further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yaewon Seo
- The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Elisa Stehling
- The University of Texas at Arlington, Arlington, TX, USA
| | - Daniel E Forman
- Department of Medicine, Section of Geriatric Cardiology, Veterans Affairs Geriatric Research Education, and Clinical Center, University of Pittsburgh, 3471 Fifth Avenue, Suite 500, Pittsburgh, PA, 15213, USA.
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28
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Ogawa M, Izawa KP, Satomi-Kobayashi S, Tsuboi Y, Komaki K, Gotake Y, Yoshida N, Wakida K, Uchida J, Sakai Y, Okita Y. Effects of postoperative dietary intake on functional recovery of patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Nutr Metab Cardiovasc Dis 2019; 29:90-96. [PMID: 30522928 DOI: 10.1016/j.numecd.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2018] [Revised: 09/20/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIM Among elderly patients undergoing cardiac surgery, malnutrition is very common and related to muscle wasting known as sarcopenia. Cardiac surgery causes a further decline of nutritional status due to reduced dietary intake (DI); however, the impact of postoperative DI on functional recovery is unclear. METHODS AND RESULTS We enrolled 250 consecutive patients undergoing cardiac surgery. Daily DI was measured between postoperative days 3 and 7. Patients were categorized as having sufficient or insufficient DI based on whether their DI met or was less than estimated total energy requirements. Functional capacity was measured using the 6-minute walking distance (6MWD) preoperatively and at discharge. Mean postoperative DI was 22.4 ± 3.0 kcal/kg/day, and postoperative DI was insufficient in 92 patients (36.8%). The prevalence of sarcopenia was not different by postoperative DI. Although there was no significant difference in preoperative 6MWD results (P = 0.65), the sufficient DI group had longer 6MWD at discharge than the insufficient DI group (P = 0.04). In multivariate regression analysis, preoperative poor nutritional status (β = -0.29), duration of surgery (β = -0.18), and postoperative DI (β = 0.40) remained statistically significant predictors for improvement of 6MWD (P < 0.0001, adjusted R2 = 0.41). CONCLUSIONS Postoperative DI was independently associated with functional recovery, but preoperative sarcopenia was not. Regardless of preoperative nutritional status or the presence of sarcopenia, aggressive nutritional intervention in the early stage after surgery helps support functional recovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Ogawa
- Division of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe, Japan; Department of Public Health, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan
| | - K P Izawa
- Department of Public Health, Kobe University Graduate School of Health Sciences, Kobe, Japan.
| | - S Satomi-Kobayashi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Y Tsuboi
- Division of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - K Komaki
- Division of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Y Gotake
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - N Yoshida
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - K Wakida
- Department of Nutrition, Kobe University Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - J Uchida
- Nutrition Management Department, Kobe City Medical Center General Hospital, Kobe, Japan
| | - Y Sakai
- Division of Rehabilitation Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
| | - Y Okita
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, Department of Surgery, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe, Japan
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29
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Katano S, Hashimoto A, Ohori K, Watanabe A, Honma R, Yanase R, Ishigo T, Fujito T, Ohnishi H, Tsuchihashi K, Ishiai S, Miura T. Nutritional Status and Energy Intake as Predictors of Functional Status After Cardiac Rehabilitation in Elderly Inpatients With Heart Failure - A Retrospective Cohort Study. Circ J 2018; 82:1584-1591. [PMID: 29628459 DOI: 10.1253/circj.cj-17-1202] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Whether the short-term effect of cardiac rehabilitation (CR) in elderly patients with heart failure (HF) is influenced by nutritional status is uncertain, so the present study investigated the effect of nutritional status on functional recovery after CR in elderly HF inpatients.Methods and Results:We enrolled 145 patients admitted for treatment of HF who were aged ≥65 years and had a low functional status defined as a Barthel index (BI) score ≤85 points at the commencement of CR. Nutritional status was assessed by the Mini Nutritional Assessment Short Form (MNA-SF) and total energy intake per day. The primary endpoint was functional status determined by the BI score at discharge. The median CR period was 20 days (interquartile range: 14-34 days), and 87 patients (60%) were functionally dependent (BI score ≤85) at discharge. Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that MNA-SF score (odds ratio [OR]: 0.76, P=0.02) and total energy intake at the commencement of CR (OR: 0.91, P=0.02) were independent predictors of functional dependence after CR. MNA-SF score ≤7 and total energy intake ≤24.5 kcal/kg/day predicted functional dependence at discharge with moderate sensitivity and specificity. CONCLUSIONS MNA-SF score and total energy intake at the commencement of CR are novel predictors of the extent of functional recovery of elderly HF inpatients after in-hospital CR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Satoshi Katano
- Division of Rehabilitation, Sapporo Medical University Hospital
| | - Akiyoshi Hashimoto
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine.,Division of Health Care Administration and Management, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Katsuhiko Ohori
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine.,Department of Cardiology, Hokkaido Cardiovascular Hospital
| | - Ayako Watanabe
- Division of Nursing, Sapporo Medical University Hospital
| | - Remi Honma
- Division of Nursing, Sapporo Medical University Hospital
| | - Rimi Yanase
- Division of Nursing, Sapporo Medical University Hospital
| | - Tomoyuki Ishigo
- Department of Hospital Pharmacy, Sapporo Medical University Hospital
| | - Takefumi Fujito
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Hirofumi Ohnishi
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine.,Department of Public Health, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Kazufumi Tsuchihashi
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine.,Division of Health Care Administration and Management, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Sumio Ishiai
- Department of Rehabilitation, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine
| | - Tetsuji Miura
- Department of Cardiovascular, Renal and Metabolic Medicine, Sapporo Medical University School of Medicine
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30
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Protein-Amino Acid Metabolism Disarrangements: The Hidden Enemy of Chronic Age-Related Conditions. Nutrients 2018. [PMID: 29565819 DOI: 10.3390/nu10040391.] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteins are macro-molecules crucial for cell life, which are made up of amino acids (AAs). In healthy people, protein synthesis and degradation are well balanced. However, in the presence of hypercatabolic stimulation (i.e., inflammation), protein breakdown increases as the resulting AAs are consumed for metabolic proposes. Indeed, AAs are biochemical totipotent molecules which, when deaminated, can be transformed into energy, lipids, carbohydrates, and/or biochemical intermediates of fundamental cycles, such as the Krebs' cycle. The biochemical consequence of hyper-catabolism is protein disarrangement, clinically evident with signs such as sarcopenia, hypalbuminemia, anaemia, infection, and altered fluid compartmentation, etc. Hypercatabolic protein disarrangement (HPD) is often underestimated by clinicians, despite correlating with increased mortality, hospitalization, and morbidity quite independent of the primary disease. Simple, cheap, repeatable measurements can be used to identify HPD. Therefore, identification and treatment of proteins' metabolic impairment with appropriate measurements and therapy is a clinical strategy that could improve the prognosis of patients with acute/chronic hypercatabolic inflammatory disease. Here, we describe the metabolism of protein and AAs in hypercatabolic syndrome, illustrating the clinical impact of protein disarrangement. We also illustrate simple, cheap, repeatable, and worldwide available measurements to identify these conditions. Finally, we provide scientific evidence for HPD nutritional treatment.
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31
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Pasini E, Corsetti G, Aquilani R, Romano C, Picca A, Calvani R, Dioguardi FS. Protein-Amino Acid Metabolism Disarrangements: The Hidden Enemy of Chronic Age-Related Conditions. Nutrients 2018; 10:nu10040391. [PMID: 29565819 PMCID: PMC5946176 DOI: 10.3390/nu10040391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2018] [Revised: 03/15/2018] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Proteins are macro-molecules crucial for cell life, which are made up of amino acids (AAs). In healthy people, protein synthesis and degradation are well balanced. However, in the presence of hypercatabolic stimulation (i.e., inflammation), protein breakdown increases as the resulting AAs are consumed for metabolic proposes. Indeed, AAs are biochemical totipotent molecules which, when deaminated, can be transformed into energy, lipids, carbohydrates, and/or biochemical intermediates of fundamental cycles, such as the Krebs’ cycle. The biochemical consequence of hyper-catabolism is protein disarrangement, clinically evident with signs such as sarcopenia, hypalbuminemia, anaemia, infection, and altered fluid compartmentation, etc. Hypercatabolic protein disarrangement (HPD) is often underestimated by clinicians, despite correlating with increased mortality, hospitalization, and morbidity quite independent of the primary disease. Simple, cheap, repeatable measurements can be used to identify HPD. Therefore, identification and treatment of proteins’ metabolic impairment with appropriate measurements and therapy is a clinical strategy that could improve the prognosis of patients with acute/chronic hypercatabolic inflammatory disease. Here, we describe the metabolism of protein and AAs in hypercatabolic syndrome, illustrating the clinical impact of protein disarrangement. We also illustrate simple, cheap, repeatable, and worldwide available measurements to identify these conditions. Finally, we provide scientific evidence for HPD nutritional treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evasio Pasini
- Scientific Clinical Institutes Maugeri, IRCCS Lumezzane, Cardiac Rehabilitation Division, 25065 Lumezzane (Brescia), Italy.
| | - Giovanni Corsetti
- Division of Human Anatomy and Physiopathology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa, 11-25124 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Roberto Aquilani
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy.
| | - Claudia Romano
- Division of Human Anatomy and Physiopathology, Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, University of Brescia, Viale Europa, 11-25124 Brescia, Italy.
| | - Anna Picca
- Department of Geriatrics, Neurosciences and Orthopaedics, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00198 Rome, Italy.
| | - Riccardo Calvani
- Department of Geriatrics, Neurosciences and Orthopaedics, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, 00198 Rome, Italy.
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32
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Protein and Peptides for Elderly Health. ADVANCES IN PROTEIN CHEMISTRY AND STRUCTURAL BIOLOGY 2018; 112:265-308. [DOI: 10.1016/bs.apcsb.2018.03.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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33
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Abstract
For more than half a century, metabolic perturbations have been explored in the failing myocardium, highlighting a reversion to a more fetal-like metabolic profile (characterized by depressed fatty acid oxidation and concomitant increased reliance on use of glucose). More recently, alterations in ketone body and amino acid/protein metabolism have been described during heart failure, as well as mitochondrial dysfunction and perturbed metabolic signaling (e.g., acetylation, O-GlcNAcylation). Although numerous mechanisms are likely involved, the current review provides recent advances regarding the metabolic origins of heart failure, and their potential contribution toward contractile dysfunction of the heart.
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Gracia-Marco L, Bel-Serrat S, Cuenca-Garcia M, Gonzalez-Gross M, Pedrero-Chamizo R, Manios Y, Marcos A, Molnar D, Widhalm K, Polito A, Vanhelst J, Hagströmer M, Sjöström M, Kafatos A, de Henauw S, Gutierrez Á, Castillo MJ, Moreno LA. Amino acids intake and physical fitness among adolescents. Amino Acids 2017; 49:1041-1052. [PMID: 28314994 PMCID: PMC5437182 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-017-2393-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/03/2017] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The aim was to investigate whether there was an association between amino acid (AA) intake and physical fitness and if so, to assess whether this association was independent of carbohydrates intake. European adolescents (n = 1481, 12.5-17.5 years) were measured. Intake was assessed via two non-consecutive 24-h dietary recalls. Lower and upper limbs muscular fitness was assessed by standing long jump and handgrip strength tests, respectively. Cardiorespiratory fitness was assessed by the 20-m shuttle run test. Physical activity was objectively measured. Socioeconomic status was obtained via questionnaires. Lower limbs muscular fitness seems to be positively associated with tryptophan, histidine and methionine intake in boys, regardless of centre, age, socioeconomic status, physical activity and total energy intake (model 1). However, these associations disappeared once carbohydrates intake was controlled for (model 2). In girls, only proline intake seems to be positively associated with lower limbs muscular fitness (model 2) while cardiorespiratory fitness seems to be positively associated with leucine (model 1) and proline intake (models 1 and 2). None of the observed significant associations remained significant once multiple testing was controlled for. In conclusion, we failed to detect any associations between any of the evaluated AAs and physical fitness after taking into account the effect of multiple testing.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luis Gracia-Marco
- CHERC (Children's Health and Exercise Research Centre), College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Sport and Health Sciences, St. Luke's Campus, University of Exeter, Heavitree Road, Exeter, EX1 2LU, Devon, UK.
- GENUD "Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development" Research Group, University of Zaragoza, Saragossa, Spain.
| | - Silvia Bel-Serrat
- GENUD "Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development" Research Group, University of Zaragoza, Saragossa, Spain
- School of Public Health, Physiotherapy and Sports Science, National Nutrition Surveillance Centre, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Magdalena Cuenca-Garcia
- Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
- Department of Physical Education, Faculty of Education, Cádiz University, Cádiz, Spain
| | - Marcela Gonzalez-Gross
- ImFine Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences (INEF), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
- CIBER: CB12/03/30038 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, CIBERobn, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
| | - Raquel Pedrero-Chamizo
- ImFine Research Group, Department of Health and Human Performance, Faculty of Physical Activity and Sport Sciences (INEF), Universidad Politécnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain
| | - Yannis Manios
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Harokopio University, Athens, Greece
| | - Ascensión Marcos
- Immunonutrition Group, Institute of Food Science and Technology and Nutrition, ICTAN-CSIC, Madrid, Spain
| | - Denes Molnar
- Department of Paediatrics, University of Pécs, Pécs, Hungary
| | - Kurt Widhalm
- Division of Clinical Nutrition, Department of Paediatrics and Adolescents Medicine, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
- Department of Pediatrics, Private Medical University Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Angela Polito
- Council for Agricultural Research and Economics, Research Centre for Food and Nutrition, Rome, Italy
| | - Jeremy Vanhelst
- LIRIC, Lille Inflammation Research International Center, University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, UMR995, 59000, Lille, France
- Centre d'investigation clinique, University of Lille, Inserm, CHU Lille, CIC 1403, 59000, Lille, France
| | - Maria Hagströmer
- Department of Bioscience and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Michael Sjöström
- Department of Bioscience and Nutrition, Karolinska Institutet, Solna, Sweden
| | - Anthony Kafatos
- Department of Social Medicine, Preventive Medicine and Nutrition Clinic, School of Medicine, University of Crete, Crete, Greece
| | | | - Ángel Gutierrez
- Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Manuel J Castillo
- Department of Medical Physiology, School of Medicine, University of Granada, Granada, Spain
| | - Luis A Moreno
- GENUD "Growth, Exercise, NUtrition and Development" Research Group, University of Zaragoza, Saragossa, Spain
- CIBER: CB12/03/30038 Fisiopatología de la Obesidad y la Nutrición, CIBERobn, Instituto de Salud Carlos III (ISCIII), Madrid, Spain
- Facultad de Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad de Zaragoza, Saragossa, Spain
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von Haehling S, Ebner N, Dos Santos MR, Springer J, Anker SD. Muscle wasting and cachexia in heart failure: mechanisms and therapies. Nat Rev Cardiol 2017; 14:323-341. [PMID: 28436486 DOI: 10.1038/nrcardio.2017.51] [Citation(s) in RCA: 215] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Body wasting is a serious complication that affects a large proportion of patients with heart failure. Muscle wasting, also known as sarcopenia, is the loss of muscle mass and strength, whereas cachexia describes loss of weight. After reaching guideline-recommended doses of heart failure therapies, the most promising approach to treating body wasting seems to be combined therapy that includes exercise, nutritional counselling, and drug treatment. Nutritional considerations include avoiding excessive salt and fluid intake, and replenishment of deficiencies in trace elements. Administration of omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids is beneficial in selected patients. High-calorific nutritional supplements can also be useful. The prescription of aerobic exercise training that provokes mild or moderate breathlessness has good scientific support. Drugs with potential benefit in the treatment of body wasting that have been tested in clinical studies in patients with heart failure include testosterone, ghrelin, recombinant human growth hormone, essential amino acids, and β2-adrenergic receptor agonists. In this Review, we summarize the pathophysiological mechanisms of muscle wasting and cachexia in heart failure, and highlight the potential treatment strategies. We aim to provide clinicians with the relevant information on body wasting to understand and treat these conditions in patients with heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephan von Haehling
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University of Göttingen Medical Centre and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Nicole Ebner
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University of Göttingen Medical Centre and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Marcelo R Dos Santos
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University of Göttingen Medical Centre and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany.,Heart Institute (InCor), University of Sao Paulo Medical School, Dr. Arnaldo Avenue, 455 Cerqueira César, 01246903 Sao Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jochen Springer
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University of Göttingen Medical Centre and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan D Anker
- Department of Cardiology and Pneumology, University of Göttingen Medical Centre and DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Robert-Koch-Strasse 40, D-37075 Göttingen, Germany.,Division of Cardiology and Metabolism: Heart Failure, Cachexia and Sarcopenia, Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Berlin-Brandenburg Centre for Regenerative Therapies, Charité Medical School, Augustenburger Platz 1, 13353 Berlin, Germany
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D'Antona G, Tedesco L, Ruocco C, Corsetti G, Ragni M, Fossati A, Saba E, Fenaroli F, Montinaro M, Carruba MO, Valerio A, Nisoli E. A Peculiar Formula of Essential Amino Acids Prevents Rosuvastatin Myopathy in Mice. Antioxid Redox Signal 2016; 25:595-608. [PMID: 27245589 PMCID: PMC5065032 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2015.6582] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
AIMS Myopathy, characterized by mitochondrial oxidative stress, occurs in ∼10% of statin-treated patients, and a major risk exists with potent statins such as rosuvastatin (Rvs). We sought to determine whether a peculiar branched-chain amino acid-enriched mixture (BCAAem), found to improve mitochondrial function and reduce oxidative stress in muscle of middle-aged mice, was able to prevent Rvs myopathy. RESULTS Dietary supplementation of BCAAem was able to prevent the structural and functional alterations of muscle induced by Rvs in young mice. Rvs-increased plasma 3-methylhistidine (a marker of muscular protein degradation) was prevented by BCAAem. This was obtained without changes of Rvs ability to reduce cholesterol and triglyceride levels in blood. Rather, BCAAem promotes de novo protein synthesis and reduces proteolysis in cultured myotubes. Morphological alterations of C2C12 cells induced by statin were counteracted by amino acids, as were the Rvs-increased atrogin-1 mRNA and protein levels. Moreover, BCAAem maintained mitochondrial mass and density and citrate synthase activity in skeletal muscle of Rvs-treated mice beside oxygen consumption and ATP levels in C2C12 cells exposed to statin. Notably, BCAAem assisted Rvs to reduce oxidative stress and to increase the anti-reactive oxygen species (ROS) defense system in skeletal muscle. Innovation and Conclusions: The complex interplay between proteostasis and antioxidant properties may underlie the mechanism by which a specific amino acid formula preserves mitochondrial efficiency and muscle health in Rvs-treated mice. Strategies aimed at promoting protein balance and controlling mitochondrial ROS level may be used as therapeutics for the treatment of muscular diseases involving mitochondrial dysfunction, such as statin myopathy. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 25, 595-608.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giuseppe D'Antona
- 1 Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, Pavia University , Pavia, Italy
| | - Laura Tedesco
- 2 Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Center for Study and Research on Obesity, Milan University , Milan, Italy
| | - Chiara Ruocco
- 2 Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Center for Study and Research on Obesity, Milan University , Milan, Italy
| | - Giovanni Corsetti
- 3 Department of Clinical and Experimental Sciences, Brescia University , Brescia, Italy
| | - Maurizio Ragni
- 2 Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Center for Study and Research on Obesity, Milan University , Milan, Italy
| | - Andrea Fossati
- 2 Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Center for Study and Research on Obesity, Milan University , Milan, Italy
| | - Elisa Saba
- 4 Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Brescia University , Brescia, Italy
| | - Francesca Fenaroli
- 4 Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Brescia University , Brescia, Italy
| | - Mery Montinaro
- 4 Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Brescia University , Brescia, Italy
| | - Michele O Carruba
- 2 Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Center for Study and Research on Obesity, Milan University , Milan, Italy
| | - Alessandra Valerio
- 4 Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, Brescia University , Brescia, Italy
| | - Enzo Nisoli
- 2 Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Center for Study and Research on Obesity, Milan University , Milan, Italy
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37
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Free amino acids: an innovative treatment for ocular surface disease. Eur J Pharmacol 2016; 787:9-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ejphar.2016.04.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/18/2015] [Revised: 04/01/2016] [Accepted: 04/14/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
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Sciatti E, Lombardi C, Ravera A, Vizzardi E, Bonadei I, Carubelli V, Gorga E, Metra M. Nutritional Deficiency in Patients with Heart Failure. Nutrients 2016; 8:E442. [PMID: 27455314 PMCID: PMC4963918 DOI: 10.3390/nu8070442] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2016] [Revised: 07/13/2016] [Accepted: 07/15/2016] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Heart failure (HF) is the main cause of mortality and morbidity in Western countries. Although evidence-based treatments have substantially improved outcomes, prognosis remains poor with high costs for health care systems. In patients with HF, poor dietary behaviors are associated with unsatisfactory quality of life and adverse outcome. The HF guidelines have not recommended a specific nutritional strategy. Despite the role of micronutrient deficiency, it has been extensively studied, and data about the efficacy of supplementation therapy in HF are not supported by large randomized trials and there is limited evidence regarding the outcomes. The aim of the present review is to analyze the state-of-the-art of nutritional deficiencies in HF, focusing on the physiological role and the prognostic impact of micronutrient supplementation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Edoardo Sciatti
- Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, Brescia 25123, Italy.
| | - Carlo Lombardi
- Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, Brescia 25123, Italy.
| | - Alice Ravera
- Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, Brescia 25123, Italy.
| | - Enrico Vizzardi
- Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, Brescia 25123, Italy.
| | - Ivano Bonadei
- Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, Brescia 25123, Italy.
| | - Valentina Carubelli
- Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, Brescia 25123, Italy.
| | - Elio Gorga
- Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, Brescia 25123, Italy.
| | - Marco Metra
- Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences and Public Health, University of Brescia, Piazzale Spedali Civili 1, Brescia 25123, Italy.
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39
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Anker SD, Morley JE. Cachexia: a nutritional syndrome? J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2015; 6:269-71. [PMID: 26675043 PMCID: PMC4670732 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 10/02/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cachexia leads to nutritional deficits including anorexia and loss of fat and muscle mass. In persons with precachexia or early cachexia, for example, old persons with weight loss and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, there is strong evidence that nutritional support improves outcomes. Limited evidence suggests that this may be true for heart failure and chronic kidney disease. The evidence for nutritional support in refractory cachexia is, not surprisingly, less dramatic. It would appear that early in the cachectic process, nutrition, coupled with exercise, may be an important therapeutic approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan D Anker
- Applied Cachexia Research, Department of Cardiology, Charité Medical School Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Berlin, Germany ; Department of Innovative Clinical Trials, University Medical Centre Göttingen Göttingen, Germany
| | - John E Morley
- Divisions of Geriatric Medicine and Endocrinology, Saint Louis University School of Medicine St. Louis, MO, USA
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40
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Carubelli V, Castrini AI, Lazzarini V, Gheorghiade M, Metra M, Lombardi C. Amino acids and derivatives, a new treatment of chronic heart failure? Heart Fail Rev 2015; 20:39-51. [PMID: 24925377 DOI: 10.1007/s10741-014-9436-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Amino acids play a key role in multiple cellular processes. Amino acids availability is reduced in patients with heart failure (HF) with deleterious consequences on cardiac and whole-body metabolism. Several metabolic abnormalities have been identified in the failing heart, and many of them lead to an increased need of amino acids. Recently, several clinical trials have been conducted to demonstrate the benefits of amino acids supplementation in patients with HF. Although they have shown an improvement of exercise tolerance and, in some cases, of left ventricular function, they have many limitations, namely small sample size, differences in patients' characteristics and nutritional supplementations, and lack of data regarding outcomes. Moreover recent data suggest that a multi-nutritional approach, including also antioxidants, vitamins, and metals, may be more effective. Larger trials are needed to ascertain safety, efficacy, and impact on prognosis of such an approach in HF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentina Carubelli
- Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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41
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Wu C, Kato TS, Ji R, Zizola C, Brunjes DL, Deng Y, Akashi H, Armstrong HF, Kennel PJ, Thomas T, Forman DE, Hall J, Chokshi A, Bartels MN, Mancini D, Seres D, Schulze PC. Supplementation of l-Alanyl-l-Glutamine and Fish Oil Improves Body Composition and Quality of Life in Patients With Chronic Heart Failure. Circ Heart Fail 2015; 8:1077-87. [PMID: 26269566 DOI: 10.1161/circheartfailure.115.002073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2015] [Accepted: 08/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Skeletal muscle dysfunction and exercise intolerance are clinical hallmarks of patients with heart failure. These have been linked to a progressive catabolic state, skeletal muscle inflammation, and impaired oxidative metabolism. Previous studies suggest beneficial effects of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and glutamine on exercise performance and muscle protein balance. METHODS AND RESULTS In a randomized double-blind, placebo-controlled trial, 31 patients with heart failure were randomized to either l-alanyl-l-glutamine (8 g/d) and polyunsaturated fatty acid (6.5 g/d) or placebo (safflower oil and milk powder) for 3 months. Cardiopulmonary exercise testing, dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, 6-minute walk test, hand grip strength, functional muscle testing, echocardiography, and quality of life and lateral quadriceps muscle biopsy were performed at baseline and at follow-up. Oxidative capacity and metabolic gene expression were analyzed on muscle biopsies. No differences in muscle function, echocardiography, 6-minute walk test, or hand grip strength and a nonsignificant increase in peak VO2 in the treatment group were found. Lean body mass increased and quality of life improved in the active treatment group. Molecular analysis revealed no differences in muscle fiber composition, fiber cross-sectional area, gene expression of metabolic marker genes (PGC1α, CPT1, PDK4, and GLUT4), and skeletal muscle oxidative capacity. CONCLUSIONS The combined supplementation of l-alanyl-l-glutamine and polyunsaturated fatty acid did not improve exercise performance or muscle function but increased lean body mass and quality of life in patients with chronic stable heart failure. These findings suggest potentially beneficial effects of high-dose nutritional polyunsaturated fatty acids and amino acid supplementations in patients with chronic stable heart failure. CLINICAL TRIAL REGISTRATION URL: http://www.clinicaltrials.gov. Unique identifier: NCT01534663.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christina Wu
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (C.W., R.J., C.Z., D.L.B., Y.D., H.F.A., P.J.K., T.T., D.E.F., J.H., A.C., M.N.B., D.M., D.S., P.C.S.) and Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery (H.F.A.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Organ Transplantation, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan (T.S.K.)
| | - Tomoko S Kato
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (C.W., R.J., C.Z., D.L.B., Y.D., H.F.A., P.J.K., T.T., D.E.F., J.H., A.C., M.N.B., D.M., D.S., P.C.S.) and Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery (H.F.A.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Organ Transplantation, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan (T.S.K.)
| | - Ruiping Ji
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (C.W., R.J., C.Z., D.L.B., Y.D., H.F.A., P.J.K., T.T., D.E.F., J.H., A.C., M.N.B., D.M., D.S., P.C.S.) and Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery (H.F.A.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Organ Transplantation, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan (T.S.K.)
| | - Cynthia Zizola
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (C.W., R.J., C.Z., D.L.B., Y.D., H.F.A., P.J.K., T.T., D.E.F., J.H., A.C., M.N.B., D.M., D.S., P.C.S.) and Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery (H.F.A.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Organ Transplantation, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan (T.S.K.)
| | - Danielle L Brunjes
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (C.W., R.J., C.Z., D.L.B., Y.D., H.F.A., P.J.K., T.T., D.E.F., J.H., A.C., M.N.B., D.M., D.S., P.C.S.) and Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery (H.F.A.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Organ Transplantation, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan (T.S.K.)
| | - Yue Deng
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (C.W., R.J., C.Z., D.L.B., Y.D., H.F.A., P.J.K., T.T., D.E.F., J.H., A.C., M.N.B., D.M., D.S., P.C.S.) and Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery (H.F.A.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Organ Transplantation, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan (T.S.K.)
| | - Hirokazu Akashi
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (C.W., R.J., C.Z., D.L.B., Y.D., H.F.A., P.J.K., T.T., D.E.F., J.H., A.C., M.N.B., D.M., D.S., P.C.S.) and Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery (H.F.A.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Organ Transplantation, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan (T.S.K.)
| | - Hilary F Armstrong
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (C.W., R.J., C.Z., D.L.B., Y.D., H.F.A., P.J.K., T.T., D.E.F., J.H., A.C., M.N.B., D.M., D.S., P.C.S.) and Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery (H.F.A.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Organ Transplantation, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan (T.S.K.)
| | - Peter J Kennel
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (C.W., R.J., C.Z., D.L.B., Y.D., H.F.A., P.J.K., T.T., D.E.F., J.H., A.C., M.N.B., D.M., D.S., P.C.S.) and Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery (H.F.A.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Organ Transplantation, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan (T.S.K.)
| | - Tiffany Thomas
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (C.W., R.J., C.Z., D.L.B., Y.D., H.F.A., P.J.K., T.T., D.E.F., J.H., A.C., M.N.B., D.M., D.S., P.C.S.) and Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery (H.F.A.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Organ Transplantation, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan (T.S.K.)
| | - Daniel E Forman
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (C.W., R.J., C.Z., D.L.B., Y.D., H.F.A., P.J.K., T.T., D.E.F., J.H., A.C., M.N.B., D.M., D.S., P.C.S.) and Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery (H.F.A.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Organ Transplantation, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan (T.S.K.)
| | - Jennifer Hall
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (C.W., R.J., C.Z., D.L.B., Y.D., H.F.A., P.J.K., T.T., D.E.F., J.H., A.C., M.N.B., D.M., D.S., P.C.S.) and Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery (H.F.A.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Organ Transplantation, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan (T.S.K.)
| | - Aalap Chokshi
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (C.W., R.J., C.Z., D.L.B., Y.D., H.F.A., P.J.K., T.T., D.E.F., J.H., A.C., M.N.B., D.M., D.S., P.C.S.) and Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery (H.F.A.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Organ Transplantation, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan (T.S.K.)
| | - Matthew N Bartels
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (C.W., R.J., C.Z., D.L.B., Y.D., H.F.A., P.J.K., T.T., D.E.F., J.H., A.C., M.N.B., D.M., D.S., P.C.S.) and Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery (H.F.A.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Organ Transplantation, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan (T.S.K.)
| | - Donna Mancini
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (C.W., R.J., C.Z., D.L.B., Y.D., H.F.A., P.J.K., T.T., D.E.F., J.H., A.C., M.N.B., D.M., D.S., P.C.S.) and Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery (H.F.A.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Organ Transplantation, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan (T.S.K.)
| | - David Seres
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (C.W., R.J., C.Z., D.L.B., Y.D., H.F.A., P.J.K., T.T., D.E.F., J.H., A.C., M.N.B., D.M., D.S., P.C.S.) and Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery (H.F.A.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Organ Transplantation, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan (T.S.K.)
| | - P Christian Schulze
- From the Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine (C.W., R.J., C.Z., D.L.B., Y.D., H.F.A., P.J.K., T.T., D.E.F., J.H., A.C., M.N.B., D.M., D.S., P.C.S.) and Division of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Department of Surgery (H.F.A.), Columbia University Medical Center, New York, NY; and Department of Cardiovascular Medicine and Organ Transplantation, National Cerebral and Cardiovascular Center, Osaka, Japan (T.S.K.).
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Changes in body composition in heart failure patients after a resistance exercise program and branched chain amino acid supplementation. Clin Nutr 2015; 35:41-47. [PMID: 25726428 DOI: 10.1016/j.clnu.2015.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2014] [Revised: 01/23/2015] [Accepted: 02/08/2015] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND & AIMS Heart Failure (HF) is a complex syndrome, which can include the physiological, neural hormonal and metabolic complications known as "Cardiac Cachexia" (CC). In the development of CC there is a release of catabolic cytokines (Tumor Necrosis Factor-α, interleukins 1 and 6) that cause a decrease of fat free mass and fat mass. These changes in body composition might be reversed with a therapeutic combination of resistance exercise and branched chain amino acid supplementation (BCAA). AIM Evaluate changes in body composition after a resistance exercise program and BCAA supplementation in patients with HF. METHODS In a randomized clinical trial with 3 month of follow-up anthropometric body composition analysis and stress tests were evaluated at the beginning and in the end of the study. Patients were divided into two groups; the experimental group performed the resistance exercise program and received 10 g/day BCAA supplementation, and the control group only performed the resistance exercise program. Both groups were provided with individualized diets and conventional medical treatment. RESULTS Changes were found in hip circumference between the groups (p = 0.02), and muscle strength was increased in the experimental group (8%) and the control group (11.4%) with no difference between them. METS and VO2Max also increased in experimental and control groups (16.6% and 50.1% respectively). Regarding changes in symptoms, improvements in fatigue (45.4%), decubitus intolerance (21.8%) and dyspnea (25.4%) were observed in the overall sample. CONCLUSION Improvements in physical and functional capacities are attributed to resistance exercise program but not to the BCAA supplementation. CLINICAL TRIALS IDENTIFIER NCT02240511.
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Essential amino acids and exercise tolerance in elderly muscle-depleted subjects with chronic diseases: a rehabilitation without rehabilitation? BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:341603. [PMID: 25009815 PMCID: PMC4070286 DOI: 10.1155/2014/341603] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 05/20/2014] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
Exercise intolerance remains problematic in subjects with chronic heart failure (CHF) and/or chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Recent studies show that supplemented essential amino acids (EAAs) may exert beneficial effects on CHF/COPD physical capacity. The results from 3 investigations (2 conducted on CHF and 1 on COPD subjects) served as the basis for this paper. The 3 studies consistently showed that elderly CHF and COPD improved exercise intolerance after 1–3 months of EAA supplementation (8 g/d). In CHF exercise capacity increased 18.7% to 23% (watts; bicycle test), and 12% to 22% (meters) in 6 min walking test. Moreover, patients reduced their resting plasma lactate levels (by 25%) and improved tissue insulin sensitivity by 16% (HOMA index). COPD subjects enjoyed similar benefits as CHF ones. They increased physical autonomy by 78.6% steps/day and decreased resting plasma lactate concentrations by 23%. EAA mechanisms explaining improved exercise intolerance could be increases in muscle aerobic metabolism, mass and function, and improvement of tissue insulin sensitivity (the latter only for the CHF population). These mechanisms could be accounted for by EAA's intrinsic physiological activity which increases myofibrils and mitochondria genesis in skeletal muscle and myocardium and glucose control. Supplemented EAAs can improve the physical autonomy of subjects with CHF/COPD.
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Lombardi C, Carubelli V, Lazzarini V, Vizzardi E, Quinzani F, Guidetti F, Rovetta R, Nodari S, Gheorghiade M, Metra M. Effects of oral amino Acid supplements on functional capacity in patients with chronic heart failure. CLINICAL MEDICINE INSIGHTS-CARDIOLOGY 2014; 8:39-44. [PMID: 24899826 PMCID: PMC4039212 DOI: 10.4137/cmc.s14016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2014] [Revised: 02/11/2014] [Accepted: 02/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Abstract
Amino acids (AAs) availability is reduced in patients with heart failure (HF) leading to abnormalities in cardiac and skeletal muscle metabolism, and eventually to a reduction in functional capacity and quality of life. In this study, we investigate the effects of oral supplementation with essential and semi-essential AAs for three months in patients with stable chronic HF. The primary endpoints were the effects of AA’s supplementation on exercise tolerance (evaluated by cardiopulmonary stress test and six minutes walking test (6MWT)), whether the secondary endpoints were change in quality of life (evaluated by Minnesota Living with Heart Failure Questionnaire—MLHFQ) and N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) levels. We enrolled 13 patients with chronic stable HF on optimal therapy, symptomatic in New York Heart Association (NYHA) class II/III, with an ejection fraction (EF) <45%. The mean age was 59 ± 14 years, and 11 (84.6%) patients were male. After three months, peak VO2 (baseline 14.8 ± 3.9 mL/minute/kg vs follow-up 16.8 ± 5.1 mL/minute/kg; P = 0.008) and VO2 at anaerobic threshold improved significantly (baseline 9.0 ± 3.8 mL/minute/kg vs follow-up 12.4 ± 3.9 mL/minute/kg; P = 0.002), as the 6MWT distance (baseline 439.1 ± 64.3 m vs follow-up 474.2 ± 89.0 m; P = 0.006). However, the quality of life did not change significantly (baseline 21 ± 14 vs follow-up 25 ± 13; P = 0.321). A non-significant trend in the reduction of NT-proBNP levels was observed (baseline 1502 ± 1900 ng/L vs follow-up 1040 ± 1345 ng/L; P = 0.052). AAs treatment resulted safe and was well tolerated by all patients. In our study, AAs supplementation in patients with chronic HF improved exercise tolerance but did not change quality of life.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Lombardi
- Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University and Civil Hospital of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Valentina Carubelli
- Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University and Civil Hospital of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Valentina Lazzarini
- Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University and Civil Hospital of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Enrico Vizzardi
- Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University and Civil Hospital of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Filippo Quinzani
- Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University and Civil Hospital of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Federica Guidetti
- Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University and Civil Hospital of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Riccardo Rovetta
- Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University and Civil Hospital of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Savina Nodari
- Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University and Civil Hospital of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Mihai Gheorghiade
- Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University and Civil Hospital of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marco Metra
- Cardiology, Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health, University and Civil Hospital of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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Lombardi C, Carubelli V, Lazzarini V, Vizzardi E, Bordonali T, Ciccarese C, Castrini AI, Dei Cas A, Nodari S, Metra M. Effects of oral administration of orodispersible levo-carnosine on quality of life and exercise performance in patients with chronic heart failure. Nutrition 2014; 31:72-8. [PMID: 25287762 DOI: 10.1016/j.nut.2014.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2013] [Revised: 03/01/2014] [Accepted: 04/24/2014] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Chronic heart failure (CHF) is characterized by several micronutrient deficits. Amino acid supplementation may have a positive effect on nutritional and metabolic status in patients with CHF. Levo-carnosine (β-alanyl-L-histidine) is expressed at a high concentration in myocardium and muscle. Preliminary studies with L-carnosine in healthy individuals have suggested a potential role in improving exercise performance. To our knowledge, no study has been conducted in patients with heart failure. The aim of this study was to test the oral supplementation of L-carnosine and its effects on quality of life and exercise performance in patients with stable CHF. METHODS Fifty patients with stable CHF and severe left-ventricular systolic dysfunction on optimal medical therapy were randomized 1:1 to receive oral orodispersible L-carnosine (500 mg OD) or standard treatment. Left-ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) was measured by echocardiography. Cardiopulmonary stress test, 6-minute walking test (6 MWT) and quality-of-life (visual analog scale score and the EuroQOL five dimensions questionnaire [EQ-5D]) were performed at baseline and after 6 mo. RESULTS Patients receiving orodispersible L-carnosine had an improvement in 6 MWT distance (P = 0.014) and in quality-of-life (VAS score) (P = 0.039) between baseline and follow-up. Compared with controls, diet supplementation with orodispersible L-carnosine was associated with an improvement in peakVO2 (P < 0.0001), VO2 at anaerobic threshold, peak exercise workload, 6 MWT and quality-of-life assessed by the EQ-5D test and the VAS score. CONCLUSION This study suggests that L-carnosine, added to conventional therapy, has beneficial effects on exercise performance and quality of life in stable CHF. More data are necessary to evaluate its effects on left-ventricular ejection fraction and prognosis in CHF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlo Lombardi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health University and Civil Hospital of Brescia, Brescia, Italy.
| | - Valentina Carubelli
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health University and Civil Hospital of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Valentina Lazzarini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health University and Civil Hospital of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Enrico Vizzardi
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health University and Civil Hospital of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Tania Bordonali
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health University and Civil Hospital of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Camilla Ciccarese
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health University and Civil Hospital of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Anna Isotta Castrini
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health University and Civil Hospital of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Alessandra Dei Cas
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health University and Civil Hospital of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Savina Nodari
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health University and Civil Hospital of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
| | - Marco Metra
- Department of Medical and Surgical Specialties, Radiological Sciences, and Public Health University and Civil Hospital of Brescia, Brescia, Italy
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Abstract
The detrimental pathophysiology of heart failure (HF) leaves room for physiologic and metabolomic concepts that include supplementation of micronutrients and macronutrients in these patients. Hence myocardial energetics and nutrient metabolism may represent relevant treatment targets in HF. This review focuses on the role of nutritive compounds such as lipids, amino acids, antioxidants, and other trace elements in the setting of HF. Supplementation of ferric carboxymaltose improves iron status, functional capacity, and quality of life in HF patients. To close the current gap in evidence further interventional studies investigating the role of micro- and macronutrients are needed in this setting.
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Lu Z, Xu X, Fassett J, Kwak D, Liu X, Hu X, Wang H, Guo H, Xu D, Yan S, McFalls EO, Lu F, Bache RJ, Chen Y. Loss of the eukaryotic initiation factor 2α kinase general control nonderepressible 2 protects mice from pressure overload-induced congestive heart failure without affecting ventricular hypertrophy. Hypertension 2013; 63:128-35. [PMID: 24166753 DOI: 10.1161/hypertensionaha.113.02313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
In response to several stresses, including nutrient deprivation, general control nonderepressible 2 kinase (GCN2) attenuates mRNA translation by phosphorylating eukaryotic initiation factor 2α(Ser51). Energy starvation is known to exacerbate congestive heart failure, and eukaryotic initiation factor 2α(Ser51) phosphorylation is increased in the failing heart. However, the effect of GCN2 during the evolution of congestive heart failure has not been tested. In this study, we examined the influence of GCN2 expression in response to a cardiac stress by inducing chronic pressure overload with transverse aortic constriction in wild-type and GCN2 knockout mice. Under basal conditions, GCN2 knockout mice had normal left ventricular structure and function, but after transverse aortic constriction, they demonstrated less contractile dysfunction, less increase in lung weight, less increase in lung inflammation and vascular remodeling, and less myocardial apoptosis and fibrosis compared with wild-type mice, despite an equivalent degree of left ventricular hypertrophy. As expected, GCN2 knockout attenuated transverse aortic constriction-induced cardiac eukaryotic initiation factor 2α(Ser51) phosphorylation and preserved sarcoplasmic reticulum Ca(2+) ATPase expression compared with wild-type mice. Interestingly, the expression of the antiapoptotic protein Bcl-2 was significantly elevated in GCN2 knockout hearts, whereas in isolated neonatal cardiomyocytes, selective knockdown of GCN2 increased Bcl-2 protein expression and enhanced myocyte resistance to an apoptotic stress. Collectively, our data support the notion that GCN2 impairs the ventricular adaptation to chronic pressure overload by reducing Bcl-2 expression and increasing cardiomyocyte susceptibility to apoptotic stimuli. Our findings suggest that strategies to reduce GCN2 activity in cardiac tissue may be a novel approach to attenuate congestive heart failure development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongbing Lu
- Cardiovascular Division and Lillehei Heart Institute, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN.
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Aragona P, Rania L, Roszkowska AM, Spinella R, Postorino E, Puzzolo D, Micali A. Effects of amino acids enriched tears substitutes on the cornea of patients with dysfunctional tear syndrome. Acta Ophthalmol 2013; 91:e437-44. [PMID: 23617248 DOI: 10.1111/aos.12134] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the effect of aminoacid enriched artificial tears on the ocular surface of patients with dysfunctional tear syndrome (DTS). METHODS Forty patients were divided into two groups: group 1 treated for 90 days with sodium hyaluronate (SH) 0.15% 1 drop × 5 times/day; group 2 treated for 90 days with SH 0.15% + aminoacids mixture 1 drop × 5 times/day. Symptom score questionnaire, tear break-up time (TBUT), corneal fluorescein stain, Shirmer's I test and confocal microscopy were performed at baseline and after 30 and 90 days. Confocal images underwent morphometric analysis. RESULTS Both treatments improved symptoms after 1 month. Group 2 patients showed at 1 month an improvement of TBUT and corneal stain, maintained throughout the study. Also Shirmer's I test improved after 3 months. In group 1, an improvement of TBUT and corneal stain was observed after 3 months. The morphometric analysis of confocal images demonstrated at month 1 an improvement of nerve tortuosity in group 2; after 3 months both groups showed a significant improvement versus baseline. The epithelium showed, in both groups, a reduction in hyperreflective large cells starting from 1 month; the area of the cells was significantly reduced after 3 months, with a significant higher reduction in group 2. The perineural stromal opacity was significantly increased after 3 months, particularly in group 2. CONCLUSION This is the first study addressing corneal changes after amino acids administration in a DTS population. The treatment with amino acids enriched SH can be considered a useful tool in the treatment of DTS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Aragona
- Department of Experimental Medical-Surgical Sciences, Ocular Surface Diseases Unit, University of Messina, Italy.
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Bauer J, Biolo G, Cederholm T, Cesari M, Cruz-Jentoft AJ, Morley JE, Phillips S, Sieber C, Stehle P, Teta D, Visvanathan R, Volpi E, Boirie Y. Evidence-Based Recommendations for Optimal Dietary Protein Intake in Older People: A Position Paper From the PROT-AGE Study Group. J Am Med Dir Assoc 2013; 14:542-59. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jamda.2013.05.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1068] [Impact Index Per Article: 97.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2013] [Accepted: 05/29/2013] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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Pasini E, Aquilani R, Dioguardi FS. "The enemy within". How to identify chronic diseases induced-protein metabolism impairment and its possible pharmacological treatment. Pharmacol Res 2013; 76:28-33. [PMID: 23827158 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2013.06.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2013] [Accepted: 06/24/2013] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Recent clinical and experimental data show that considerable impairment of protein metabolism occurs in patients with chronic diseases such as heart failure. However, too often the extent of impairment is under-estimated or ignored by most clinicians and no therapy is considered leading to progressive loss of body proteins, increase morbidity, hospital stay and mortality. This paper illustrates the possible biological markers to evaluate general protein metabolism, including quantification of related damage and possible improvement of the metabolism using specific therapeutical metabolic strategies recently studied in a clinical setting.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evasio Pasini
- Foundation "Salvatore Maugeri", IRCCS, Scientific Institute of Lumezzane, via Mazzini 129, 25066 Lumezzane (BS), Italy.
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