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Schmid SM, Hoffman JM, Prescott J, Ernst H, Promislow DEL, Creevy KE. The companion dog as a model for inflammaging: a cross-sectional pilot study. GeroScience 2024:10.1007/s11357-024-01217-w. [PMID: 38822125 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-024-01217-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Inflammaging, the chronic, progressive proinflammatory state associated with aging, has been associated with multiple negative health outcomes in humans. The pathophysiology of inflammaging is complex; however, it is often characterized by high serum concentrations of inflammatory mediators such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-6, and C-reactive protein (CRP). Few studies have evaluated the effects of age on inflammatory cytokines in companion dogs, and most of these studies included dogs of a single breed. In this cross-sectional study, we measured multiple circulating inflammatory markers and hematological parameters in banked serum samples from 47 healthy companion dogs of various breeds enrolled in the Dog Aging Project. Using univariate linear models, we investigated the association of each of these markers with age, sex, body weight, and body condition score (BCS), a measure of obesity in the dog. Serum IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α concentrations were all positively associated with age. Lymphocyte count was negatively associated with age. Platelet count had a negative association with body weight. IL-2, albumin, cholesterol, triglyceride, bilirubin, S100A12, and NMH concentrations were not associated with age, weight, BCS, or sex after adjustment for multiple comparisons. Our findings replicate previous findings in humans, including increases in IL-6 and TNF-α with age, giving more evidence to the strength of the companion dog as a model for human aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah M Schmid
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN, USA.
| | - Jessica M Hoffman
- Department of Biological Sciences, College of Science and Mathematics, Augusta University, Augusta, GA, USA
| | - Jena Prescott
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Holley Ernst
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Daniel E L Promislow
- Department of Laboratory Medicine & Pathology, University of Washington School of Medicine, Seattle, WA, USA
- Department of Biology, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA
- Jean Mayer USDA Human Nutrition Research Center On Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kate E Creevy
- Department of Small Animal Clinical Sciences, School of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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Herbst AC, Coleman MC, Macon EL, Brokman A, Stromberg AJ, Harris PA, Adams AA. Retirement risk factors, exercise management and muscle mass in US senior horses. Equine Vet J 2024; 56:522-534. [PMID: 37341387 DOI: 10.1111/evj.13958] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Accepted: 05/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/22/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Information on the management and health of US senior horses (≥15 years of age) is currently limited. OBJECTIVES Provide information on (1) primary use of US senior horses, (2) reasons and risk factors for horse retirement, (3) exercise management, (4) prevalence of low muscle mass and (5) risk factors for, and owner-perceived consequences of, low muscle mass. STUDY DESIGN Online survey. METHODS Survey responses from 2717 owners of U.S.-resident senior horses (≥15 years of age) were analysed descriptively and inferentially, using ordered and binomial logistic regression, ANOVA and the Kruskal-Wallis test. RESULTS The most frequently reported primary uses were pleasure riding/driving (38.5%) and full retirement (39.8%). Most horses (61.5%) were retired between 15 and 24 years of age, with health problems being the main reason. Age, female sex, Thoroughbred breed and various medical conditions were identified as risk factors for retirement. In working horses (i.e., those not retired or semi-retired), exercise intensity was negatively associated with age. The owner-reported prevalence of low muscle mass in all horses was 17.2% (95%CI = 15.7-18.7). In those affected by low muscle mass, the ability to work and welfare-related aspects were commonly perceived to be impaired. Increasing age, sex (gelding), pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction, osteoarthritis, laminitis and primary use (retired and semi-retired vs. use for competition) were identified as risk factors for owner-reported low muscle mass. MAIN LIMITATIONS Potential response, recall and sampling bias. Causal relationships cannot be established. CONCLUSIONS Although structured exercise into old age may provide health benefits (as seen in elderly people), a large proportion of horses were fully retired in the current study. Senior horses were mainly retired for health problems and characterising these problems may aid in extending their work/active life. Low muscle mass was perceived to affect horses' welfare and ability to work, and identification of prevention and treatment strategies is therefore warranted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alisa C Herbst
- M. H. Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Michelle C Coleman
- Department of Large Animal Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine & Biomedical Sciences, Texas A&M University, College Station, Texas, USA
| | - Erica L Macon
- M. H. Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Aviv Brokman
- Department of Statistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Arnold J Stromberg
- Department of Statistics, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Pat A Harris
- Equine Studies Group, Waltham Petcare Science Institute, Leicestershire, UK
| | - Amanda A Adams
- MARS EQUESTRIAN™ Research Fellow, M. H. Gluck Equine Research Center, Department of Veterinary Science, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
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Cho HJ, Lee HS, Kang J. Varying clinical relevance of sarcopenia and myosteatosis according to age among patients with postoperative colorectal cancer. J Nutr Health Aging 2024; 28:100243. [PMID: 38643603 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnha.2024.100243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2024] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/14/2024] [Indexed: 04/23/2024]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES The present retrospective study reviewed the association among sarcopenia, myosteatosis, and overall survival (OS) in patients with postoperative colorectal cancer (CRC) with regard to age. DESIGN A retrospective study was conducted with a five-year follow-up. SETTING Data from all patients with CRC, who underwent surgery between February 2005 and April 2014, were reviewed. PARTICIPANTS Data from 1053 patients (622 male [59.1%], 431 female [40.9%]; mean [± SD] age, 62.8 ± 11.8 years) were analyzed. MEASUREMENTS Patients were divided into three groups according to age: ≤50, 51-74, and ≥75 years. Data, including perioperative parameters, and the presence of sarcopenia and myosteatosis according to skeletal muscle index (SMI) and skeletal muscle radiodensity (SMD), respectively, were collected. Sarcopenia was evaluated using CT by calculating the SMI at the L3 level by dividing the area of the skeletal muscle by height squared (cm2/m2). SMD was also calculated using CT at the L3 level, but by evaluating fat attenuation according to Hounsfield units (HU). RESULTS Patient allocation according to age group was as follows: ≤50 years, n = 147 (14.0%); 51-74 years, n = 742 (70.5%); and ≥75 years, n = 164 (15.5%). The presence of sarcopenia and myosteatosis were statistically significant with increasing age (P = 0.004 and P < 0.001, respectively). The 51-74 years age group exhibited a significant association in OS for myosteatosis (P < 0.001) while the ≥75 years group was significantly associated with sarcopenia (P = 0.04) with regard to OS. Multivariable analysis also revealed a statistically significant association between myosteatosis in the 51-74 years age group (P = 0.033) and sarcopenia in the ≥75 years age group (P = 0.005) even when adjusted for recurrence status. CONCLUSION Different age groups exhibited significantly variable skeletal muscle indices. Although an abundance of irrefutable results demonstrated a correlation between CT-defined sarcopenia, myosteatosis, and clinical prognosis, data regarding age-dependent correlations are scarce. Results of this study demonstrated that sarcopenia and myosteatosis did not influence the prognosis of young patients with postoperative CRC (≤50 years of age), inferring the existence of significantly different skeletal muscle-related parameters according to age. Patients over 75 years of age showed significant association with sarcopenia while those in the 51-74 age group displayed significant link to myosteatosis. Clinicians should consider the impact of sarcopenia and myosteatosis on patient prognosis and should also be aware that the effect may differ according to patient age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hye Jung Cho
- Department of Surgery, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Hye Sun Lee
- Biostatistics Collaboration Unit, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeonghyun Kang
- Department of Surgery, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea.
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Zhang X, Sanders JL, Boudreau RM, Arnold AM, Justice JN, Espeland MA, Kuchel GA, Barzilai N, Kuller LH, Lopez OL, Kritchevsky SB, Newman AB. Association of a Blood-Based Aging Biomarker Index With Death and Chronic Disease: Cardiovascular Health Study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2024; 79:glad172. [PMID: 37464278 PMCID: PMC10799760 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glad172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2022] [Indexed: 07/20/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A goal of gerontology is to discover phenotypes that reflect biological aging distinct from disease pathogenesis. Biomarkers that are strongly associated with mortality could be used to define such a phenotype. However, the relation of such an index with multiple chronic conditions warrants further exploration. METHODS A biomarker index (BI) was constructed in the Cardiovascular Health Study (N = 3 197), with a mean age of 74 years. The BI incorporated circulating levels of new biomarkers, including insulin-like growth factor-1, interleukin-6, amino-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, cystatin-C, C-reactive protein, tumor necrosis factor-alpha soluble receptor 1, fasting insulin, and fasting glucose, and was built based on their relationships with mortality. Cox proportional hazards models predicting a composite of death and chronic disease involving cardiovascular disease, dementia, and cancer were calculated with 6 years of follow-up. RESULTS The hazard ratio (HR, 95% CI) for the composite outcome of death or chronic disease per category of BI was 1.65 (1.52, 1.80) and 1.75 (1.58, 1.94) in women and men, respectively. The HR (95% CI) per 5 years of age was 1.57 (1.48, 1.67) and 1.55 (1.44, 1.67) in women and men, respectively. Moreover, BI could attenuate the effect of age on the composite outcome by 16.7% and 22.0% in women and men, respectively. CONCLUSIONS Biomarker index was significantly and independently associated with a composite outcome of death and chronic disease, and attenuated the effect of age. The BI that is composed of plasma biomarkers may be a practical intermediate phenotype for interventions aiming to modify the course of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
- Vanke School of Public Health, Tsinghua University, Beijing, China
| | | | - Robert M Boudreau
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Alice M Arnold
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA
| | - Jamie N Justice
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Mark A Espeland
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - George A Kuchel
- UConn Center on Aging, UConn Health, Farmington, Connecticut, USA
| | - Nir Barzilai
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, Bronx, New York, USA
| | - Lewis H Kuller
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Oscar L Lopez
- Department of Neurology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Stephen B Kritchevsky
- Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest University School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina, USA
| | - Anne B Newman
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania, USA
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Fahmy DM. Might sarcopenia be patient-oriented evidence that matters in CNS lymphomas? A glance out of the neuraxis. Eur Radiol 2024; 34:788-789. [PMID: 38123692 DOI: 10.1007/s00330-023-10512-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Revised: 11/25/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023]
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Meier HCS, Mitchell C, Karadimas T, Faul JD. Systemic inflammation and biological aging in the Health and Retirement Study. GeroScience 2023; 45:3257-3265. [PMID: 37501048 PMCID: PMC10643484 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-023-00880-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/16/2023] [Indexed: 07/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic, low-level systemic inflammation associated with aging, or inflammaging, is a risk factor for several chronic diseases and mortality. Using data from the Health and Retirement Study, we generated a continuous latent variable for systemic inflammation from seven measured indicators of inflammation and examined associations with another biomarker of biological aging, DNA methylation age acceleration measured by epigenetic clocks, and 4-year mortality (N = 3,113). We found that greater systemic inflammation was positively associated with DNA methylation age acceleration for 10 of the 13 epigenetic clocks, after adjustment for sociodemographics and chronic disease risk factors. The latent variable for systemic inflammation was associated with 4-year mortality independent of DNA methylation age acceleration and was a better predictor of 4-year mortality than any of the epigenetic clocks examined, as well as mortality risk factors, including obesity and multimorbidity. Inflammaging and DNA methylation age acceleration may represent different biological processes contributing to mortality risk. Leveraging multiple measured inflammation markers to capture inflammaging is important for biology of aging research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen C S Meier
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, 426 Thompson Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48106-1248, USA.
| | - Colter Mitchell
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, 426 Thompson Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48106-1248, USA
| | - Thomas Karadimas
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, 426 Thompson Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48106-1248, USA
| | - Jessica D Faul
- Survey Research Center, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, 426 Thompson Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48106-1248, USA
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Lee SR, Directo D. Fish Oil Supplementation with Resistance Exercise Training Enhances Physical Function and Cardiometabolic Health in Postmenopausal Women. Nutrients 2023; 15:4516. [PMID: 37960168 PMCID: PMC10650161 DOI: 10.3390/nu15214516] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Revised: 10/15/2023] [Accepted: 10/23/2023] [Indexed: 11/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Menopause is a condition associated with an increased risk of dysregulation in cardiovascular and metabolic health among older women. While fish oil (FO) has garnered great attention for its health-enhancing properties, its potential for enhancing cardiometabolic health in this demographic remains to be established. The purpose of this study was to determine the clinical efficacy of an 8 wk administration of FO combined with programmed resistance exercise training (RET) on physical function and risk factors associated with cardiometabolic health in healthy older women. Twenty, healthy, older women were randomly assigned to one of the two experimental groups: resistance training with placebo (RET-PL) or RET with fish oil (RET-FO). Physical function, blood pressure (BP), triglyceride (TG), and systemic inflammation and oxidative stress biomarkers were assessed before and after the intervention. Statistical significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. Physical function was greatly enhanced in both RET and RET-FO. Handgrip strength substantially increased only in RET-FO. RET-FO exhibited significant decreases in BP, TG, inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α and IL-6), and oxidative stress (MDA and 8-OHdG) levels, while no detectable changes were found in RET-PL. Our findings indicate that FO administration during 8 wks of RET appears to enhance muscle function and lower risk factors linked to cardiometabolic disorders in postmenopausal women.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang-Rok Lee
- Department of Kinesiology, New Mexico State University, Las Cruces, NM 88003, USA;
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8
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Kang Y, Kim N, Lee Y, An X, Chung YS, Park YK. Muscle Mass Changes After Daily Consumption of Protein Mix Supplemented With Vitamin D in Adults Over 50 Years of Age: Subgroup Analysis According to the Serum 25(OH)D Levels of a Randomized Controlled Trial. Clin Nutr Res 2023; 12:184-198. [PMID: 37593214 PMCID: PMC10432158 DOI: 10.7762/cnr.2023.12.3.184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 05/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Early prevention of sarcopenia can be an important strategy for muscle maintenance, but most studies target subjects at slightly pre-sarcopenic state. Our previous paper describes the effect of protein supplements rich in leucine and vitamin D on muscle condition, and in this paper, we performed a sub-analysis to evaluate who benefitted the most in terms of improvement in muscle health. A 12-week randomized clinical trial of 120 healthy adults (aged 50 to 80) assigned to an intervention group (n = 60) or control group (n = 60) were analyzed. Subjects in the intervention group received, twice per day, a protein supplement containing (per serving) 800 IU of vitamin D, 20 g of protein (3 g of total leucine), 300 mg of calcium, 1.1 g of fat, and 2.5 g of carbohydrate. The subjects were classified into 'insufficient' and 'sufficient' groups at 25-hydroxyvitamin D (25[OH]D) value of 30 ng/mL. The skeletal muscle mass index normalized to the square of the skeletal muscle mass (SMM) height (kg/m2) increased significantly in the 'insufficient group' difference value of change between weeks 0 and 12 (Δ1.07 ± 2.20; p = 0.037). The SMM normalized by body weight (kg/kg, %) was higher, but not significantly, in the insufficient group (Δ0.38 ± 0.69; p = 0.050). For people with insufficient (serum 25[OH]D), supplemental intake of protein and vitamin D, calcium, and leucine and adequate energy intake increases muscle mass in middle-aged and older adults and would be likely to exert a beneficial effect on muscle health. Trial Registration Clinical Research Information Service Identifier: KCT0005111.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yeji Kang
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea
| | - Namhee Kim
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea
| | - Yunhwan Lee
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Public Health, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Xiangxue An
- R&D Group, Maeil Health Nutrition Co., Ltd., Pyeongtaek 17714, Korea
| | - Yoon-Sok Chung
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Ajou University School of Medicine, Suwon 16499, Korea
| | - Yoo Kyoung Park
- Department of Medical Nutrition, Kyung Hee University, Yongin 17104, Korea
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Shan S, Cao J, Tang K, Cheng S, Ren Z, Li S, Sun W, Hou L, Yi Q, Chen D, Song P. Self-rated health, interviewer-rated health, and objective health, their changes and trajectories over time, and the risk of mortality in Chinese adults. Front Public Health 2023; 11:1137527. [PMID: 37408749 PMCID: PMC10318337 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2023.1137527] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Self-rated health (SRH), interviewer-rated health (IRH), and objective health reflect the overall health status from different aspects. This study aimed to investigate the associations of SRH, IRH, and objective health with mortality among Chinese older adults. Methods This study used data from the 2008 (baseline), 2011, 2014 and 2018 waves of the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey. SRH and IRH were evaluated by questionnaire. Objective health was evaluated by the Chinese multimorbidity-weighted index (CMWI), which incorporated 14 diagnosed chronic diseases. SRH, IRH, and CMWI were assessed as: (1) baseline levels; (2) longitudinal changes by subtracting the values obtained in 2008 from the corresponding values in 2014; (3) trajectories by Group-Based Trajectory Modeling, respectively. The Cox proportional hazards model was used to explore the associations of baseline SRH, IRH, and CMWI, their changes, and trajectories with mortality. Results A total of 13,800 participants were included at baseline (2008). The baseline SRH ([hazard ratio] 0.93, [95% confidence interval] 0.91-0.96), IRH (0.84, 0.81-0.87), and CMWI (0.99, 0.98-1.00) in 2008 were significantly associated with 10-year mortality (2008 to 2018). Among 3,610 participants, the changes of SRH (0.93, 0.87-0.98), IRH (0.77, 0.71-0.83), and CMWI (0.97, 0.95-0.99) from 2008 to 2014 were significantly associated with 4-year mortality (2014-2018). The trajectories were divided into "high SRH/IRH/CMWI" and "low and declining SRH/IRH/CMWI." Compared with "low and declining SRH/IRH/CMWI," "high SRH" (0.58, 0.48-0.70), "high IRH" (0.66, 0.55-0.80), and "high CMWI" (0.74, 0.61-0.89) from 2008 to 2014 were significantly associated with 4-year mortality (2014-2018). Conclusion Baseline SRH, IRH, and CMWI, their changes and trajectories are all associated with mortality in Chinese older adults. It is possibly necessary to promote the use of cost-effective indicators in primary medical institutions to improve the health management of the older adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shiyi Shan
- School of Public Health and Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Jin Cao
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ke Tang
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Siqing Cheng
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Forth Affiliated Hospital, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, Zhejiang, China
| | - Ziyang Ren
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shuting Li
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Weidi Sun
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Leying Hou
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qian Yi
- School of Public Health, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Dingwan Chen
- School of Public Health, Hangzhou Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Peige Song
- School of Public Health and Women’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
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Kuo MH, Tseng CW, Hsu CS, Chen YC, Kao IT, Wu CY, Shao SC. Prevalence and Effect of Low Skeletal Muscle Mass among Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients Undergoing Systemic Therapy: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:cancers15092426. [PMID: 37173893 PMCID: PMC10177136 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15092426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2023] [Revised: 04/17/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Low skeletal muscle mass (LSMM) is associated with poor outcomes in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) patients. With the emergence of new systemic therapeutics, understanding the effect of LSMM on HCC treatment outcomes is critically important. This systematic review and meta-analysis investigates the prevalence and effect of LSMM among HCC patients undergoing systemic therapy as reported in studies identified in searches of the PubMed and Embase databases published through 5 April 2023. The included studies (n = 20; 2377 HCC patients undergoing systemic therapy) reported the prevalence of LSMM assessed by computer tomography (CT) and compared the survival outcomes [overall survival (OS) or progression-free survival (PFS)] between HCC patients with and without LSMM. The pooled prevalence of LSMM was 43.4% (95% CI, 37.0-50.0%). A random-effects meta-analysis showed that HCC patients receiving systemic therapy with comorbid LSMM had a lower OS (HR, 1.70; 95% CI, 1.46-1.97) and PFS (HR, 1.32; 95% CI, 1.16-1.51) than did those without. Subgroup analysis according to systemic therapy type (sorafenib, lenvatinib, or immunotherapy) yielded similar results. In conclusion, LSMM is prevalent among HCC patients undergoing systemic therapy and is associated with poorer survival. Early intervention or prevention strategies to improve muscle mass may be necessary for this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meng-Hsuan Kuo
- Department of Pharmacy, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chia-Yi 62247, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wei Tseng
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chia-Yi 62247, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Sheng Hsu
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chia-Yi 62247, Taiwan
- School of Post-Baccalaureate Chinese Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
| | - Yen-Chun Chen
- School of Medicine, Tzu Chi University, Hualien 97004, Taiwan
- Division of Gastroenterology, Department of Internal Medicine, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chia-Yi 62247, Taiwan
| | - I-Ting Kao
- Department of Pharmacy, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chia-Yi 62247, Taiwan
| | - Chen-Yi Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, Dalin Tzu Chi Hospital, Buddhist Tzu Chi Medical Foundation, Chia-Yi 62247, Taiwan
| | - Shih-Chieh Shao
- Department of Pharmacy, Keelung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital, Keelung 20401, Taiwan
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Fan D, Wang Y, Liu B, Yin F. Hypoglycemic drug liraglutide alleviates low muscle mass by inhibiting the expression of MuRF1 and MAFbx in diabetic muscle atrophy. J Chin Med Assoc 2023; 86:166-175. [PMID: 36279106 DOI: 10.1097/jcma.0000000000000807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low muscle mass, that is, muscular atrophy, is an independent risk factor for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Few studies investigated whether hypoglycemic drugs can alleviate low muscle mass and related mechanisms. METHODS This study recruited 51 type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients, who were divided into two groups based on skeletal muscle index (SMI) evaluated by Dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA): the experiment group (n = 25, SMI < 7 kg/m 2 ) and the control group (n = 26, SMI≥7 kg/m 2 ). GLP-1 levels were measured by ELISA. In vitro, 10 KK-A y mice (11- to 12-week-old) were assigned into two groups: liraglutide group (n = 5) and saline group (n = 5). Real-time PCR and Western blot were used to determine the expression levels of muscle specific ubiquitin protease E3, MuRF1, and MAFbx. RESULTS T2DM patients with a higher SMI had significantly higher GLP-1 levels (t = 3.77, p < 0.001). SMI were positively associated with GLP-1 levels (β = 0.435, p = 0.001) and inversely associated with age (β = 0.299, p = 0.015). The incidence of low muscle mass at below the second quartiles was 10.55 times that of above the second quartiles (odds ratio = 10.556, p < 0.001). Liraglutide-treatment mice showed significant decrease in food intake, final body weight, fasting blood glucose, and significant increase in skeletal muscle mass, which coincided with the significant decrease in the expression levels of ubiquitin protease E3 MuRF1 and MAFbx. In vitro studies showed that liraglutide promoted myogenic differentiation and attenuated dexamethasone (DEX)-induced myotube atrophy. Ectopic expression of MuRF1 and MAFbx antagonized the beneficial effects of liraglutide on DEX-induced myotube atrophy. CONCLUSION T2DM patients have muscular atrophy, and liraglutide alleviates muscular atrophy at least in part by inhibiting the expression of MuRF1 and MAFbx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongmei Fan
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
| | - Yue Wang
- Department of Immunology, School of Medicine, Nankai University, Tianjin, China
| | - Bowei Liu
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, China
| | - Fuzai Yin
- Department of Internal Medicine, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, China
- Department of Endocrinology, The First Hospital of Qinhuangdao, Qinhuangdao, China
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12
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Mammalian Target of Rapamycin (mTOR) Signaling at the Crossroad of Muscle Fiber Fate in Sarcopenia. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232213823. [PMID: 36430301 PMCID: PMC9696247 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232213823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is a major regulator of skeletal myocyte viability. The signaling pathways triggered by mTOR vary according to the type of endogenous and exogenous factors (e.g., redox balance, nutrient availability, physical activity) as well as organismal age. Here, we provide an overview of mTOR signaling in skeletal muscle, with a special focus on the role played by mTOR in the development of sarcopenia. Intervention strategies targeting mTOR in sarcopenia (e.g., supplementation of plant extracts, hormones, inorganic ions, calorie restriction, and exercise) have also been discussed.
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13
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Zhu F, Wang W, Wu L, Han S, Wu X. Weight loss and all-cause mortality: A propensity score matching cohort study. Obes Res Clin Pract 2022; 16:476-483. [PMID: 36198567 DOI: 10.1016/j.orcp.2022.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/26/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Weight loss was supposed to help with decreasing risk of premature mortality. However, results on this topic remain debatable and limited by study design. OBJECTIVE The present study aimed to investigate the association between weight loss and all-cause mortality among US adults with overweight or obesity in a national cohort study by using propensity score matching (PSM) analysis. METHODS A total of 5486 pairs of participants were matched in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES, 2003-2015) after PSM. Hazard ratios (95% confidence intervals) (HRs (95% CIs)) were employed to evaluate the association between weight loss indicated by long-term weight loss (LTWL) and all-cause mortality by using Cox proportional hazards regression models. RESULTS During a median follow-up of 6.8 years, 674 participants died from all-cause mortality. In each PSM match, compared with participants with LTWL < 5%, the HRs (95% CIs) for participants with LTWL of 5-9.9% (2877 pairs), 10-14.9% (1315 pairs), and ≥ 15% (1294 pairs) were 1.18 (0.83-1.68) (P = 0.366), 1.65 (1.17-2.34) (P = 0.005), and 1.91 (1.21-3.00) (P = 0.006), respectively. The significant increased risk of all-cause mortality for LTWL ≥ 15% remained among male, female, participants aged ≥ 65 years, without weight loss intention, with non-communicable diseases, and without exceeding estimated energy requirement. CONCLUSION Weight loss especially for being ≥ 15% should be cautious for US adults with overweight or obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fangzhou Zhu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, the National Key Discipline, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Wenjie Wang
- Chronic Disease Research Institute, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Lanlan Wu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, the National Key Discipline, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Shan Han
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, the National Key Discipline, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China
| | - Xiaoyan Wu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Guilin Medical University, Guilin, China; Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, the National Key Discipline, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, China.
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14
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Fish oil administration combined with resistance exercise training improves strength, resting metabolic rate, and inflammation in older adults. Aging Clin Exp Res 2022; 34:3073-3081. [PMID: 36136236 DOI: 10.1007/s40520-022-02250-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Accepted: 09/05/2022] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND While fish oil (FO) has attracted great attention due to their health-enhancing properties, its potential to enhance benefits from resistance exercise training (RET) has not been fully elucidated yet. AIMS The aim of this study was to investigate effects of FO administration during 12 weeks of programmed RET on muscular strength, resting metabolic rate (RMR), and systemic inflammation in healthy older adults. METHODS Twenty-eight healthy older adults were randomly assigned to three experimental groups: sedentary control (CON), resistance exercise training (RET), or RET combined with FO (RET-FO). A one-repetition (1RM) of maximum muscle strength, RMR, substrate oxidation, and blood inflammatory biomarkers were assessed before and after the intervention. Statistical significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. RESULTS 1RM muscle strength was significantly increased in RET and RET-FO while substantially decreased in CON. RMR greatly increased in RET and RET-FO with no change in CON. RET-FO exhibited significantly increased fatty acid oxidation, but no change was found in CON and RET. Systemic interleukin 6 (IL-6) and C-reactive protein (CRP) were significantly decreased from baseline in RET-FO while no change was observed in CON and RET. CONCLUSION Our data indicate chronic RET reversed aging-induced loss of muscle strength and improved RMR, while FO administration combined with RET appears to enhance fat metabolism and mildly reduce some indicators of systemic inflammation.
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15
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Effect of Pre-Existent Sarcopenia on Oncological Outcome of Advanced Thyroid Cancer Patients Treated with Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors. Cancers (Basel) 2022; 14:cancers14194569. [PMID: 36230491 PMCID: PMC9559209 DOI: 10.3390/cancers14194569] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2022] [Revised: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Sarcopenia is associated with poor survival and treatment outcomes in several human cancers. The aim of the study was to investigate the prevalence of sarcopenia in a cohort of 58 Caucasian patients with advanced thyroid cancer before and during TKI treatment. The impact of this condition on the outcome of patients was also evaluated. (2) Methods: Sarcopenia was evaluated using the Skeletal Muscle Index (SMI). (3) Results: Pre-treatment sarcopenia was found in 20.7% of patients and this condition significantly affected treatment outcome, emerging as the parameter that has the greatest impact on Progression Free Survival (PFS) (HR 4.29; 95% CI, 1.21−15.11, p = 0.02). A significant reduction in SMI values was observed 3 (p = 0.002) and 12 months (p < 0.0001) after TKI treatment. At a 12-month follow-up, sarcopenia prevalence increased up to 38.5%. Here, 12-month sarcopenia was predicted by a lower SMI (p = 0.029), BMI (p = 0.02) and weight (p = 0.04) and by the presence of bone metastases (p = 0.02). (4) Conclusions: This is the first study that evaluated sarcopenia prevalence and its change over time in Caucasian patients with advanced thyroid cancer under TKI therapy. Sarcopenia seems to be a prognostic factor of TKI treatment outcome, suggesting the importance of the assessment of the nutritional status and body composition in advanced thyroid cancer patients.
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16
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Iwase H, Murata S, Nakano H, Shiraiwa K, Abiko T, Goda A, Nonaka K, Anami K, Horie J. Relationship Between Age-Related Changes in Skeletal Muscle Mass and Physical Function: A Cross-Sectional Study of an Elderly Japanese Population. Cureus 2022; 14:e24260. [PMID: 35607534 PMCID: PMC9123344 DOI: 10.7759/cureus.24260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 04/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Skeletal muscle mass and muscle strength are positively correlated, but the relationship between grip strength and global muscle strength is controversial. This study aimed to clarify the changes in site-specific skeletal muscle mass by age group and determine the relationship between site-specific, age-related changes in skeletal muscle mass and physical function in community-dwelling elderly people in Japan. The participants were divided into age groups of five-year intervals (65-69 years, 70-74 years, 75-79 years, and ≥80 years) and were also categorized by sex. The skeletal muscle mass of the upper limbs, lower limbs, and trunk was measured using multifrequency bioelectrical impedance analyzers (InBody 430 (Biospace Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea) and InBody 470 (InBody Japan Inc., Tokyo, Japan)). For physical function assessment, we measured grip strength, quadriceps strength, sit-up count, sit-and-reach distance, and standing time on one leg with eyes open and performed the timed up and go (TUG) test. The results showed that skeletal muscle mass decreased with age regardless of sex at all measured sites. Furthermore, a partial correlation analysis adjusted for age, physical constitution, and the presence/absence of exercise habits revealed that the highest correlation was between skeletal muscle mass in all sites and grip strength. Thus, monitoring grip strength may be used as a representative of systemic skeletal mass even in Japanese people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroaki Iwase
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Rehabilitation Science, Kobe International University, Kobe, JPN
| | - Shin Murata
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyoto Tachibana University, Kyoto, JPN
| | - Hideki Nakano
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyoto Tachibana University, Kyoto, JPN
| | - Kayoko Shiraiwa
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyoto Tachibana University, Kyoto, JPN
| | - Teppei Abiko
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyoto Tachibana University, Kyoto, JPN
| | - Akio Goda
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyoto Tachibana University, Kyoto, JPN
| | - Koji Nonaka
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Naragakuen University, Nara, JPN
| | - Kunihiko Anami
- Department of Rehabilitation, Faculty of Health Sciences, Naragakuen University, Nara, JPN
| | - Jun Horie
- Department of Physical Therapy, Faculty of Health Sciences, Kyoto Tachibana University, Kyoto, JPN
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17
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Kim Y, Chang Y, Ryu S, Cho IY, Kwon MJ, Wild SH, Byrne CD. Serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D and the risk of low muscle mass in young and middle-aged Korean adults. Eur J Endocrinol 2022; 186:477-487. [PMID: 35147511 PMCID: PMC8942330 DOI: 10.1530/eje-21-1229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Despite the known benefit of vitamin D in reducing sarcopenia risk in older adults, its effect against muscle loss in the young population is unknown. We aimed to examine the association of serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D [25(OH)D] level and its changes over time with the risk of incident low muscle mass (LMM) in young and middle-aged adults. DESIGN This study is a cohort study. METHODS The study included Korean adults (median age: 36.9 years) without LMM at baseline followed up for a median of 3.9 years (maximum: 7.3 years). LMM was defined as the appendicular skeletal muscle (ASM) mass by body weight (ASM/weight) of 1 s.d. below the sex-specific mean for the young reference group. Cox proportional hazard models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HRs) with 95% CIs. RESULTS Of the 192,908 individuals without LMM at baseline, 19,526 developed LMM. After adjusting for potential confounders, the multivariable-adjusted HRs (95% CIs) for incident LMM comparing 25(OH)D levels of 25-<50, 50-<75, and ≥75 nmol/L to 25(OH)D <25 nmol/L were 0.93 (0.90-0.97), 0.85 (0.81-0.89), and 0.77 (0.71-0.83), respectively. The inverse association of 25(OH)D with incident LMM was consistently observed in young (aged <40 years) and older individuals (aged ≥40 years). Individuals with increased 25(OH)D levels (<50-≥50 nmol/L) or persistently adequate 25(OH)D levels (≥50 nmol/L) between baseline and follow-up visit had a lower risk of incident LMM than those with persistently low 25(OH)D levels. CONCLUSIONS Maintaining sufficient serum 25(OH)D could prevent unfavourable changes in muscle mass in both young and middle-aged Korean adults.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yejin Kim
- Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center
| | - Yoosoo Chang
- Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Clinical Research Design & Evaluation, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence should be addressed to Y Chang or S Ryu or S H Wild; or or
| | - Seungho Ryu
- Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center
- Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Department of Clinical Research Design & Evaluation, SAIHST, Sungkyunkwan University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Correspondence should be addressed to Y Chang or S Ryu or S H Wild; or or
| | - In Young Cho
- Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center
- Department of Family Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Min-Jung Kwon
- Center for Cohort Studies, Total Healthcare Center
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Kangbuk Samsung Hospital, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sarah H Wild
- Usher Institute, University of Edinburgh, Edinburgh, UK
- Correspondence should be addressed to Y Chang or S Ryu or S H Wild; or or
| | - Christopher D Byrne
- Nutrition and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK
- National Institute for Health Research Southampton Biomedical Research Centre, University Hospital Southampton, Southampton, UK
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18
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Meyer GA, Shen KC. A unique sarcopenic progression in the mouse rotator cuff. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2022; 13:561-573. [PMID: 34708577 PMCID: PMC8818692 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12808] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2021] [Revised: 08/04/2021] [Accepted: 08/23/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In response to chronic injury, the muscles of the rotator cuff (RC) experience a unique degeneration characterized by extensive fatty infiltration and loss of contractile function. Human studies suggest this degeneration is also a feature of RC sarcopenia and may precede RC injury. In this study, we investigated whether RC muscles exhibit a similar unique sarcopenia in the mouse. METHODS Male and female mice were subdivided into four age groups: 3, 9, 18, and 24 months. The supraspinatus (SS) and infraspinatus muscles of the RC and the tibialis anterior (TA) muscle of the hindlimb were assessed. Muscle mass, contractile function, fibre cross-sectional areas and numbers, fatty infiltration, and fibrosis were assessed at each time point. Targeted transcriptional analyses were performed to assess the role of metabolic and inflammatory derangement in the pathology. RESULTS The 24-month-aged female mice exhibited decreased mass (25% lower than at 9 and 18 months, P < 0.01) in all muscles tested. However, only RC muscles also exhibited decreased contractile tension at this time point (20% lower than at 18 months, P < 0.005). Similarly, only female RC muscles exhibited increased fatty infiltration at 24 months (20% higher than 9 months, P < 0.05) and had elevated transcriptional markers of adipogenesis (2.4-fold higher Pparg and 3.8-fold higher Adipoq expression compared with 9 months, P < 0.001). Unbiased metabolic transcriptional profiling identified up-regulation of the antigen presentation (Z scores of 2.3 and 1.9 for SS and TA, respectively) and cytokine and chemokine signalling (Z scores of 3.1 and 2.4 for SS and TA, respectively) pathways in 24 month female muscle compared with 9. Further transcriptional analysis supported increased expression of pro-adipogenic inflammatory signals (6.3-fold increase in Il6 and 5.0-fold increase in Anxa2, P < 0.01) and increased presence of fibro-adipogenic progenitors (2.5-fold) in the 24-month-aged female RC compared with 9 months that together exacerbate fatty infiltration. CONCLUSIONS These data indicate that female mice replicate the unique sarcopenic pathology in the ageing human RC. Furthermore, they suggest that the exacerbated fatty infiltration is due to an interaction between higher resident fibro-adipogenic progenitor numbers and an elevated systemic inflammation in aged female mice. We conclude that female mouse RC muscle is a novel system to study both human RC degeneration and the signals that regulate sarcopenic fatty infiltration in general, which is prevalent in humans but largely absent from the rodent hindlimb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gretchen A Meyer
- Program in Physical Therapy, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA.,Departments of Orthopaedic Surgery, Neurology and Biomedical Engineering, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Karen C Shen
- Program in Physical Therapy, Washington University, St. Louis, MO, USA
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19
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Ilyas Z, Perna S, A. Alalwan T, Zahid MN, Spadaccini D, Gasparri C, Peroni G, Faragli A, Alogna A, La Porta E, Ali Redha A, Negro M, Cerullo G, D’Antona G, Rondanelli M. The Ketogenic Diet: Is It an Answer for Sarcopenic Obesity? Nutrients 2022; 14:620. [PMID: 35276979 PMCID: PMC8838342 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2021] [Revised: 01/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
This review aims to define the effectiveness of the ketogenic diet (KD) for the management of sarcopenic obesity. As the combination of sarcopenia and obesity appears to have multiple negative metabolic effects, this narrative review discusses the effects of the ketogenic diet as a possible synergic intervention to decrease visceral adipose tissue (VAT) and fatty infiltration of the liver as well as modulate and improve the gut microbiota, inflammation and body composition. The results of this review support the evidence that the KD improves metabolic health and expands adipose tissue γδ T cells that are important for glycaemia control during obesity. The KD is also a therapeutic option for individuals with sarcopenic obesity due to its positive effect on VAT, adipose tissue, cytokines such as blood biochemistry, gut microbiota, and body composition. However, the long-term effect of a KD on these outcomes requires further investigations before general recommendations can be made.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zahra Ilyas
- Department of Laboratory, Bahrain Specialist Hospital, Juffair P.O. Box 10588, Bahrain
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Sakhir Campus, University of Bahrain, Zallaq P.O. Box 32038, Bahrain; (S.P.); (T.A.A.); (M.N.Z.)
| | - Simone Perna
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Sakhir Campus, University of Bahrain, Zallaq P.O. Box 32038, Bahrain; (S.P.); (T.A.A.); (M.N.Z.)
| | - Tariq A. Alalwan
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Sakhir Campus, University of Bahrain, Zallaq P.O. Box 32038, Bahrain; (S.P.); (T.A.A.); (M.N.Z.)
| | - Muhammad Nauman Zahid
- Department of Biology, College of Science, Sakhir Campus, University of Bahrain, Zallaq P.O. Box 32038, Bahrain; (S.P.); (T.A.A.); (M.N.Z.)
| | - Daniele Spadaccini
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona “Istituto Santa Margherita”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (D.S.); (C.G.); (G.P.)
| | - Clara Gasparri
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona “Istituto Santa Margherita”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (D.S.); (C.G.); (G.P.)
| | - Gabriella Peroni
- Endocrinology and Nutrition Unit, Azienda di Servizi alla Persona “Istituto Santa Margherita”, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy; (D.S.); (C.G.); (G.P.)
| | - Alessandro Faragli
- Department of Internal Medicine/Cardiology, Deutsches Herzzentrum Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany;
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany;
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 10785 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), 10178 Berlin, Germany
| | - Alessio Alogna
- Department of Internal Medicine and Cardiology, Campus Virchow-Klinikum, Charité—Universitätsmedizin Berlin, 13353 Berlin, Germany;
- DZHK (German Centre for Cardiovascular Research), Partner Site Berlin, 10785 Berlin, Germany
- Berlin Institute of Health (BIH), 10178 Berlin, Germany
| | - Edoardo La Porta
- Department of Cardionephrology, Istituto Clinico Ligure Di Alta Specialità (ICLAS), GVM Care and Research, 16035 Rapallo, Italy;
- Department of Internal Medicine (DiMi), University of Genova, 16121 Genova, Italy
| | - Ali Ali Redha
- Department of Chemistry, College of Science, Sakhir Campus, University of Bahrain, Zallaq P.O. Box 32038, Bahrain;
- Chemistry Department, School of Science, Loughborough University, Loughborough LE11 3TU, UK
| | - Massimo Negro
- CRIAMS-Sport Medicine Centre, 27058 Voghera, Italy; (M.N.); (G.D.)
| | - Giuseppe Cerullo
- Department of Movement and Wellbeing Sciences, University of Naples “Parthenope”, 80133 Napoli, Italy;
| | - Giuseppe D’Antona
- CRIAMS-Sport Medicine Centre, 27058 Voghera, Italy; (M.N.); (G.D.)
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
| | - Mariangela Rondanelli
- Department of Public Health, Experimental and Forensic Medicine, University of Pavia, 27100 Pavia, Italy;
- IRCCS Mondino Foundation, 27100 Pavia, Italy
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20
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Kang YK, Min B, Eom J, Park JS. Different phases of aging in mouse old skeletal muscle. Aging (Albany NY) 2022; 14:143-160. [PMID: 35017317 PMCID: PMC8791220 DOI: 10.18632/aging.203812] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
With a graying population and increasing longevity, it is essential to identify life transition in later years and discern heterogeneity among older people. Subclassifying the elderly population to inspect the subdivisions for pathophysiological differences is particularly important for the investigation of age-related illnesses. For this purpose, using 24- and 28-month-old mice to represent the "young-old" and "old-old", respectively, we compared their skeletal muscle transcriptomes and found each in a distinct stage: early/gradual (E-aging) and late/accelerated aging phase (L-aging). Principal component analysis showed that the old-old transcriptomes were largely disengaged from the forward transcriptomic trajectory generated in the younger-aged group, indicating a substantial change in gene expression profiles during L-aging. By calculating the transcriptomic distance, it was found that the 28-month group was closer to the two-month group than to the 24-month group. The divergence rate per month for the transcriptomes was the highest in L-aging, twice as fast as the rate in E-aging. Indeed, many of the L-aging genes were significantly altered in transcription, although the changes did not seem random but rather coordinated in a variety of functional gene sets. Of 2,707 genes transcriptionally altered during E-aging, two-thirds were also significantly changed during L-aging, to either downturning or upturning way. The downturn genes were related to mitochondrial function and translational gene sets, while the upturn genes were linked to inflammation-associated gene sets. Our results provide a transcriptomic muscle signature that distinguishes old-old mice from young-old mice. This can help to methodically examine muscle disorders in the elderly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yong-Kook Kang
- Development and Differentiation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience Biotechnology (KRIBB), Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea.,Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 34113, South Korea
| | - Byungkuk Min
- Development and Differentiation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience Biotechnology (KRIBB), Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
| | - Jaemin Eom
- Development and Differentiation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience Biotechnology (KRIBB), Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea.,Department of Functional Genomics, Korea University of Science and Technology (UST), Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 34113, South Korea
| | - Jung Sun Park
- Development and Differentiation Research Center, Korea Research Institute of Bioscience Biotechnology (KRIBB), Yuseong-Gu, Daejeon 34141, South Korea
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21
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Intra Articular Ozone Modulates Inflammation and Has Anabolic Effect on Knee Osteoarthritis: IL-6 and IGF-1 as Pro-Inflammatory and Anabolic Biomarkers. Processes (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/pr10010138] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives: (1) to demonstrate the anti-inflammatory and anabolic effect of Ozone by determining in serum samples the biochemical levels of IL-6 and IGF-1 in knee osteoarthritis (OA) patients in a real world rehabilitation setting; (2) to differentiate Ozone effect in diabetic (DM)/obese and non-DM/non-obese patients; (3) to evaluate clinical effectiveness by visual analog scale (VAS) and WOMAC scale, and biochemical effect by C-reactive protein (CRP), uric acid and erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR). Material and methods: 65 patients with knee OA Kellgren Lawrence (KL) grade 2 or more were analyzed in a retrospective observational study. The study ran from January 2018 to September 2021. Inclusion criteria: (a) patients 18 years or older; (b) with knee OA KL 2° or more; (c) biochemical analysis before-and-after treatment; (d) pain more than 3 on VAS. Exclusion Criteria: (a) previous knee surgery; (b) favism; (c) pregnancy; (d) any other disease that originates lack of collaboration for infiltration. Primary Outcome variables: (a) IL-6; (b) IGF-1 in diabetes mellitus (DM)/obese and non-DM/non-obese patients; both before-and-after Ozone treatment. Secondary Outcome variables: (a) CRP, (b) ESR, (c) uric acid, (d) VAS pain, (e) WOMAC pain, function and stiffness. Ozone protocol consisted of four sessions (once a week) of an intra-articular infiltration of 20 mL (20 µg/mL concentration) of a gas mixture of Oxygen-Ozone 95-5% (produced by Ozone generator Ozonosan-α Plus®). For biochemical evaluation, SNIBE MAGLUMI ™ IL-6 (CLIA) and SNIBE MAGLUMI ™ IGF-1 (CLIA) kits were used. CRP and uric acid were analyzed by a Abbott Alinity c kit; and ESR was evaluated by DIESSE VES MATIC CUBE 30. Results: There is a linear correlation between age and OA severity. IL-6 decreased both in DM and non-DM patients and in all OA KL grades (from 2.70 to 1.59 pg/mL). IGF-1 decreased in total group (OA + DM + obesity) from 112.09 to 107.19 ng/mL. When only non-DM/non-obese knee OA patients were analyzed, Ozone improved IGF-1 levels (from 100.17 to 102.03 ng/mL). Ozone decreased CRP, ESR, uric acid, and improved VAS pain, WOMAC pain, function and stiffness (p < 0.05). Conclusions: Ozone is a valid option for the management of knee osteoarthritis in a real world rehabilitation setting, because of its anti-inflammatory, metabolic and anabolic properties. Ozone tends to downregulate pro-inflammatory IL-6 cytokine. Ozone has a metabolic/hypoglycemic effect on obese/diabetic knee osteoarthritis patients by reducing IGF-1. Ozone has an anabolic effect on non-diabetic/non-obese patients by improving IGF-1. Ozone reduces other biomarkers of inflammation (CRP, ESR and uric acid) and improves, pain, function and quality of life.
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22
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Salivary IL-6 Concentration Is Associated with Frailty Syndrome in Older Individuals. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12010117. [PMID: 35054284 PMCID: PMC8775035 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12010117] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 12/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/31/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: One of the physiological changes that is most closely associated with frailty is the increase in pro-inflammatory cytokines, and IL-6 in particular. Most studies have demonstrated this association using blood samples. We analyzed the relationship between frailty syndrome, individual frailty criteria, and IL-6 levels obtained by saliva tests. Methods: A cross-sectional pilot study was performed among women institutionalized in nursing homes. Frailty was defined as having three or more of the following components: low lean mass, weakness, self-reported exhaustion, low activity level, and slow walking speed; prefrailty was defined as having one or two of those components. Results: There was a significant and positive correlation between the frailty score and salivary IL-6 concentration. Regarding the associations between IL-6 and individual dichotomized frailty criteria, there were significant differences in salivary IL-6 concentration in two frailty criteria: weight loss (p = 0.002) and low physical activity (p = 0.007). Receiver operating characteristic curve analysis showed that IL-6 concentration significantly (p < 0.05) (although moderately) discriminated patients that progressed in the frailty syndrome (the area under the curve value was 0.697 with 95% CI 0.566–0.827). Conclusions: Salivary IL-6 concentration can be used as potential biomarker of frailty syndrome and as a tool to monitor the effects of interventions in frail individuals.
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23
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Dhaliwal A, Williams FR, Quinlan JI, Allen SL, Greig C, Filer A, Raza K, Ghosh S, Lavery GG, Newsome PN, Choudhary S, Breen L, Armstrong MJ, Elsharkawy AM, Lord JM. Evaluation of the mechanisms of sarcopenia in chronic inflammatory disease: protocol for a prospective cohort study. Skelet Muscle 2021; 11:27. [PMID: 34895316 PMCID: PMC8665319 DOI: 10.1186/s13395-021-00282-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Several chronic inflammatory diseases co-exist with and accelerate sarcopenia (reduction in muscle strength, function and mass) and negatively impact on both morbidity and mortality. There is currently limited research on the extent of sarcopenia in such conditions, how to accurately assess it and whether there are generic or disease-specific mechanisms driving sarcopenia. Therefore, this study aims to identify potential mechanisms driving sarcopenia within chronic inflammatory disease via a multi-modal approach; in an attempt to help define potential interventions for future use. Methods This prospective cohort study will consist of a multi-modal assessment of sarcopenia and its underlying mechanisms. Recruitment will target three chronic inflammatory diseases: chronic liver disease (CLD) (n=50), with a subset of NAFLD (n=20), inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) (n=50) and rheumatoid arthritis (RA) (n=50) both before and after therapeutic intervention. In addition, 20 age and sex matched healthy individuals will be recruited for comparison. Participants will undergo 4 assessment visits at weeks 0, 2, 12 and 24. Visits will consist of the following assessments: blood tests, anthropometrics, functional assessment, quadriceps muscle imaging, actigraphy, quality of life questionnaires, food diary collection and muscle biopsy of the vastus lateralis (at weeks 2 and 24 only). In addition, stool and urine samples will be collected for future microbiome and metabolomics analysis. Discussion This is the first study to use a multi-modal assessment model to phenotype sarcopenia in these chronic inflammatory diseases. We hope to identify generic as well as disease-specific mechanisms driving sarcopenia. We appreciate that these cohorts do require separate standards of care treatments which limit comparison between groups. Ethics and dissemination The study is approved by the Health Research Authority - West Midlands Solihull Research Ethics Service Committee Authority (REC reference: 18/WM/0167). Recruitment commenced in January 2019 and will continue until July 2021. The study was halted in March 2020 and again in January 2021 with the COVID-19 pandemic. The findings will be disseminated through peer-reviewed publications and conference presentations. All data will be stored on a secure server. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04734496
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Affiliation(s)
- Amritpal Dhaliwal
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.,University of Hospitals of Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), University Hospitals Birmingham and University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Felicity R Williams
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.,University of Hospitals of Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), University Hospitals Birmingham and University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Jonathan I Quinlan
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), University Hospitals Birmingham and University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Sophie L Allen
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), University Hospitals Birmingham and University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Carolyn Greig
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), University Hospitals Birmingham and University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Andrew Filer
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.,University of Hospitals of Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Karim Raza
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK.,Sandwell and West Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK
| | - Subrata Ghosh
- University of Hospitals of Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), University Hospitals Birmingham and University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Gareth G Lavery
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), University Hospitals Birmingham and University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,Institute of Metabolism and Systems Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Philip N Newsome
- University of Hospitals of Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), University Hospitals Birmingham and University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Surabhi Choudhary
- NIHR Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), University Hospitals Birmingham and University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Leigh Breen
- School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Science, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.,MRC-Versus Arthritis Centre for Musculoskeletal Research, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Matthew J Armstrong
- University of Hospitals of Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), University Hospitals Birmingham and University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Ahmed M Elsharkawy
- University of Hospitals of Birmingham NHS Trust, Birmingham, UK.,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), University Hospitals Birmingham and University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK
| | - Janet M Lord
- Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, B15 2TT, UK. .,NIHR Biomedical Research Centre (BRC), University Hospitals Birmingham and University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UK.
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24
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Kamper RS, Alcazar J, Andersen LL, Haddock B, Jørgensen NR, Hovind P, Suetta C. Associations between inflammatory markers, body composition, and physical function: the Copenhagen Sarcopenia Study. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2021; 12:1641-1652. [PMID: 34708570 PMCID: PMC8718077 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12832] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2021] [Revised: 09/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/21/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chronic low-grade inflammation has been suggested as one of the key elements in the development of sarcopenia, but in contrast to disease-related loss of muscle mass, the role of chronic low-grade inflammation in age-related (primary) sarcopenia is still not clear. The aim of this study was to investigate low-grade inflammation in relation to age and the potential association between inflammatory biomarkers and body composition, muscle strength and physical performance in a healthy Danish cohort. METHODS There were 1160 generally healthy men and women (range: 22-93 years) included. Appendicular lean mass (ALM) and visceral fat normalized to height (kg/m2 ) was assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry (iDXA, GE Lunar). Muscle strength and physical performance were evaluated by handgrip strength (HGS), 30 s sit-to-stand performance, and maximal gait speed (GS). Systemic levels of TNF-α, IL-6, IL-1β, IL-4, IL-13, and IFN-γ were measured using multiplex bead-based immunoassays (Bio-Rad). hsCRP was assessed using latex particle-enhanced immunoturbidimetric assays (Roche Diagnostics). RESULTS With age, ALM/h2 , HGS, sit-to-stand performance and GS decreased, whereas visceral fat/h2 increased in both men and women (P < 0.05). Systemic levels of hsCRP, TNF-α, IL-4, and IFN-γ increased with age in men and women (P < 0.05), while IL-1β increased in women only (P < 0.01). Higher levels of hsCRP were associated with lower ALM/h2 in elderly (≥65 years) men and women (P < 0.001). Higher levels of hsCRP were associated with lower handgrip strength in elderly women (P < 0.05) whereas higher levels of hsCRP was not associated with lower HGS in elderly men (P = 0.056). Higher levels of hsCRP were associated with lower GS (P < 0.05), whereas IFN-γ was positively associated with GS in elderly women (P < 0.05), but not elderly men. Visceral fat index was positively associated with hsCRP in elderly men and women (P < 0.001). Compared with elderly with normal HGS, elderly men and women with low HGS displayed higher levels of TNF-α and hsCRP (P < 0.05). CONCLUSIONS With age, systemic levels of hsCRP, TNF-α, IL-4, and IFN-γ increased, with hsCRP and TNF-α being especially elevated in more physically frail elderly supporting the association between low-grade systemic inflammation and poor physical function. In contrast, only high levels of hsCRP were weakly associated with low muscle mass and positively associated with visceral fat and low physical function, suggesting that chronic low-grade inflammation is not the main driver of age-related loss of muscle mass as previously suggested.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikke S Kamper
- Geriatric Research Unit, Department of Geriatric and Palliative Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark.,CopenAge-Copenhagen Center for Clinical Age Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Julian Alcazar
- Geriatric Research Unit, Department of Geriatric and Palliative Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark.,GENUD Toledo Research Group, Universidad de Castilla-La Mancha, Toledo, Spain.,CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging (CIBERFES), Madrid, Spain
| | - Lars L Andersen
- The National Research Centre for the Working Environment (NFA), Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Bryan Haddock
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark
| | - Niklas Rye Jørgensen
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Rigshospitalet, Glostrup, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Sciences, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Peter Hovind
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark
| | - Charlotte Suetta
- Geriatric Research Unit, Department of Geriatric and Palliative Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Bispebjerg and Frederiksberg, Copenhagen, Denmark.,Department of Clinical Physiology, Nuclear Medicine and PET, Rigshospitalet Glostrup, Glostrup, Denmark.,Geriatric Research Unit, Department of Medicine, Copenhagen University Hospital, Herlev and Gentofte, Herlev, Denmark.,CopenAge-Copenhagen Center for Clinical Age Research, University of Copenhagen, Copenhagen, Denmark
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25
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Disparate effects of ankle-brachial index on mortality in the 'very old' and 'younger old' populations-the PolSenior survey. Heart Vessels 2021; 37:665-672. [PMID: 34643792 PMCID: PMC8917102 DOI: 10.1007/s00380-021-01949-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 09/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
To assess the relationship between ankle-brachial index (ABI) and up to 10-year mortality in older individuals below and above the age of 80 years. In a multicenter survey of health status in the community dwelling subjects aged 55-59 and 65 + years in Poland, we assessed baseline medical history including risk-factors. We measured ABI, and serum creatinine, cholesterol, NT-proBNP, and interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentrations. We assessed mortality based on public registry. Between 2009 and 2019, 27.3% of 561 participants < 80 years, and 79.4% of 291 participants ≥ 80 years, died (p < 0.001); 67.8, 41.5, and 40.3% in the ABI groups < 0.9, 0.9-1.4, and > 1.4, respectively (p < 0.01). In the unadjusted Cox models, ABI was associated with mortality in the entire group, and < 80 years. In the entire group, analysis adjusted for age and sex showed mortality risk increased by 11% per year, and 50% with male sex. Mortality decreased by 37% per 1 unit ABI increase. In the group of people ≥ 80 years, only age was significantly associated with mortality (p < 0.001). In stepwise regression ABI < 0.9, male sex, active smoking, and NT-proBNP level were associated with risk of death < 80 years. In the ≥ 80 years old, mortality risk was associated with older age, and higher levels of IL-6, but not ABI. The ABI < 0.9 is associated with higher mortality in older people, but not among the oldest-old. In the oldest age group, age is the strongest predictor of death. In this age group, inflammageing is of importance.
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Development and Evaluation of a Muscle Atrophy Scoring System (MASS) for Horses. J Equine Vet Sci 2021; 110:103771. [PMID: 34973594 DOI: 10.1016/j.jevs.2021.103771] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2021] [Revised: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Loss of skeletal muscle mass likely compromises performance and welfare in horses and thus routine monitoring would be valuable. Currently available methods to assess muscle mass require expert knowledge and are often expensive. To provide a simple method, a muscle atrophy scoring system (MASS) was created and tested by three evaluators (raters) in 38 horses of varying age, breed, and health status. Inter-rater agreement on atrophy scores was in the good-to-excellent range for ratings of the neck (ICC = 0.62), back (ICC = 0.62) and hind (ICC = 0.76) regions but was poor for the abdominal region (ICC = 0.29). Due to this low agreement, the abdominal region was excluded from further analysis. Associations between muscle atrophy scores and age, pituitary pars intermedia dysfunction (PPID) status, and body composition indicators, including weight and estimated fat-free mass (FFM), were examined. Weight was inversely associated with neck, back and hind muscle atrophy scores (β = -0.008, β = -0.008, β = -0.009, respectively; all P <0.001), but estimated FFM was not associated with muscle atrophy scores at any region (P >0.05). Age was positively related to neck (β = 0.030, P <0.01), back (β = 0.037, P <0.001) and hind (β = 0.040, P <0.001) muscle atrophy scores. PPID-positive horses (n = 4) had higher muscle atrophy scores than PPID-negative horses (n = 23), even after adjusting for age (P <0.05). This data suggests that neck, back and hind region evaluations by individual raters likely have acceptable reliability. In addition, these findings support further evaluation of the potential benefits of the MASS to identify and monitor muscle atrophy in horses.
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Langer K, Cohen RA, Porges EC, Williamson JB, Woods AJ. Circulating Cytokines Predict 1H-Proton MRS Cerebral Metabolites in Healthy Older Adults. Front Aging Neurosci 2021; 13:690923. [PMID: 34489672 PMCID: PMC8416992 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2021.690923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Changes in both circulating cytokines and neurochemical concentrations have been observed in aging. Patterns of change across these factors are associated with age-related pathologies, including neurodegenerative disease. More evidence to define patterns of change that are characteristic of healthy aging is needed, as is an investigation into how age-related changes in blood cytokines and brain neurochemicals may relate to one another in a healthy older adult population. Methods: Single voxel 1H-proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy was collected in medial frontal and medial parietal regions. Phosphocholine and glycerophosphocholine (Cho), myo-inositol (MI), N-acetylaspertate and N-acetylasperglutamate (NAA), creatine and phosphocreatine (Cr), and glutamate and glutamine (Glx) were measured in a sample of 83 healthy, cognitively normal adults aged 52–89. Blood data were collected to quantify 12 cytokines: interleukins (IL-) 2, 5, 6, 7, 8, 10, 12, 13, IL-1 β, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), interferon γ (IFN-γ), and IL-17 α. Correlation analyses were performed to assess age relationships between each of these factors. Backward linear regressions were performed. Cytokine data and age were used as predictors of each cerebrospinal fluid (CSF)-corrected metabolite concentration in both voxels. Results: Associations were identified between a variety of cytokines and concentrations of frontal NAA, Cr, and Glx, and of parietal MI, Cho, NAA, and Cr. In the frontal voxel, NAA was predicted by more IL-1B and less TNF-α, Cr by less TNF-α and more IL-5, and Glx by less TNF-α. In the parietal voxel, MI was predicted by more IL-10 and IL-8 and less IL-2, Cho by more TNF-α and less IL-2, NAA by more IL-1B and TNF-α and less IL-13, IL-2, and IL-7, and Cr by more IL-10 and less IL-2. Conclusions: Associations were identified between circulating cytokines and neurometabolite concentrations in this sample of older adults. The present results serve as the initial evidence of relationships between circulating cytokines and neurophysiology. Findings invite further investigation to understand the physiological consequences of aging, and how peripheral inflammatory markers may relate to neurochemical concentrations in healthy aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kailey Langer
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, Clinical Translational Research Program, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.,Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Ronald A Cohen
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, Clinical Translational Research Program, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.,Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Eric C Porges
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, Clinical Translational Research Program, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.,Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - John B Williamson
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, Clinical Translational Research Program, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.,Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
| | - Adam J Woods
- Center for Cognitive Aging and Memory, Clinical Translational Research Program, College of Medicine, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States.,Department of Clinical and Health Psychology, College of Public Health and Health Professions, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, United States
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Abstract
Since emerging into the human population in late 2019, the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has reached across the globe to infect >80 million people. The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by SARS-CoV-2 can range in severity from mild and asymptomatic to severe and fatal. Identifying risk factors for adverse outcomes in COVID-19 is a major challenge. In the context of the existing HIV-1 pandemic, whether COVID-19 disproportionately burdens people living with HIV-1 infection (PLWH) is unclear. The following discussion highlights pressing questions and challenges in the HIV-1 and SARS-CoV-2 syndemic, including (i) age, sex, and race as drivers of COVID-19 severity; (ii) whether chronic inflammation common in PLWH influences immune response; (iii) whether disease severity and trajectory models for COVID-19 ought to be calibrated for PLWH; (iv) vaccine considerations, and finally, (v) long-term health outcomes in PLWH that are further burdened by coinfection with SARS-CoV-2.
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Affiliation(s)
- Monty Montano
- Boston Claude D. Pepper Older Americans Independence Center, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
- Harvard University Center for AIDS Research, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
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29
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Pietri P, Stefanadis C. Cardiovascular Aging and Longevity: JACC State-of-the-Art Review. J Am Coll Cardiol 2021; 77:189-204. [PMID: 33446313 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacc.2020.11.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2020] [Revised: 11/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular aging and longevity are interrelated through many pathophysiological mechanisms. Many factors that promote atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease are also implicated in the aging process and vice versa. Indeed, cardiometabolic disorders such as hyperglycemia, insulin resistance, dyslipidemia, and arterial hypertension share common pathophysiological mechanisms with aging and longevity. Moreover, genetic modulators of longevity have a significant impact on cardiovascular aging. The current knowledge of genetic, molecular, and biochemical pathways of aging may serve as a substrate to introduce interventions that might delay cardiovascular aging, thus approaching the goal of longevity. In the present review, the authors describe pathophysiological links between cardiovascular aging and longevity and translate these mechanisms into clinical data by reporting genetic, dietary, and environmental characteristics from long-living populations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Panagiota Pietri
- Athens Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Research Institute for Longevity and Aging-related diseases, Athens, Greece
| | - Christodoulos Stefanadis
- Athens Medical School, University of Athens, Athens, Greece; Research Institute for Longevity and Aging-related diseases, Athens, Greece.
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30
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Koito Y, Yanishi M, Kimura Y, Tsukaguchi H, Kinoshita H, Matsuda T. Serum Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor and Myostatin Levels Are Associated With Skeletal Muscle Mass in Kidney Transplant Recipients. Transplant Proc 2021; 53:1939-1944. [PMID: 34253381 DOI: 10.1016/j.transproceed.2021.04.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2020] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sarcopenia, or reduced muscle mass, can be an important complication in kidney transplant recipients. The skeletal muscles were recently reported to secrete various myokines, such as brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and myostatin, to regulate their mass, function, or both. The aim of the present study was to analyze the interrelationship between myokines (BDNF and myostatin) and skeletal muscle mass in kidney transplant recipients. METHODS The study population comprised 40 patients who underwent kidney transplantation at Kansai Medical University Hospital. Twenty patients had low skeletal muscle mass index (SMI) values, as measured on dual-energy x-ray absorptiometry, and were categorized into 2 groups (low SMI and normal). RESULTS Mean serum BDNF levels were 15.7 ng/mL in the low SMI group and 17.8 ng/mL in the normal group (P = .013). Mean serum myostatin levels were 362 pg/mL in the low SMI and 267 pg/mL in the normal group (P = .024). There was a significant positive correlation among metabolic equivalents and serum BDNF levels (r = 0.817; P < .001) and a significant negative correlation among metabolic equivalents and serum myostatin levels (r = -0.541; P < .001). Receiver operating characteristic analysis showed that serum BDNF and level of area under curve was 0.712, and serum myostatin level of area under the curve was 0.690. Serum BDNF and myostatin levels showed no significant difference. CONCLUSION These results suggest that BDNF and myostatin are potential biomarkers of reduced muscle mass in kidney transplant recipients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Koito
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Masaaki Yanishi
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan.
| | - Yutaka Kimura
- Health Science Center, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hiroyasu Tsukaguchi
- Second Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Nephrology, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Hidefumi Kinoshita
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
| | - Tadashi Matsuda
- Department of Urology and Andrology, Kansai Medical University, Osaka, Japan
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31
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Bioelectrical Impedance Analysis and Manual Measurements of Neck Circumference Are Interchangeable, and Declining Neck Circumference Is Related to Presarcopenia. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:6622398. [PMID: 33860044 PMCID: PMC8024069 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6622398] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 02/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/20/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Purpose Preventive medicine is important in an aging society. Presarcopenia is the preliminary stage of sarcopenia. Recent advances in bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA) devices have enabled automatic estimation of neck circumference (NC). However, the agreement between and interchangeability of NC measured manually and that calculated with BIA have not been evaluated. We performed these analyses in the context of health checkups and investigated their associations with presarcopenia. Methods We enrolled 318 participants who underwent anthropometric measurements, including NC measured manually and by BIA; assessment of physical function; and blood testing. We used Bland-Altman analysis to calculate the agreement between and interchangeability of NC measurements by BIA and by the manual method. We then statistically compared normal participants and those with presarcopenia. Using multivariable analysis, we subsequently investigated significant risk factors for presarcopenia. We defined presarcopenia according to the appendicular skeletal muscle index (aSMI; the ratio of arm and leg skeletal muscle mass to height2). Results Bland-Altman analysis showed that bias (BIA-manual) was negative overall (−1.07), for male participants (−1.23), and for female participants (−0.96). This finding suggests that BIA measurement is an underestimate in comparison with manual measurement. NC measurement by BIA was found to be interchangeable with that by manual methods, inasmuch as the percentage error was less than 5% overall (4.38%), for male participants (3.81%), and for female participants (4.58%). Univariable analysis revealed that NC was significantly smaller in the participants with presarcopenia than in those without. Multivariable analysis, adjusted for confounding factors, revealed that a decrease in NC was significantly correlated with presarcopenia. Conclusions BIA measurements of NC are interchangeable within about 95% with manual measurements. The decrease in NC measured by BIA was significantly associated with presarcopenia in both genders. NC measurement can be used for early detection of presarcopenia.
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Purdy F, Luo Z, Gardiner JC, Pinto JM, Shiroma EJ, Simonsick EM, Harris TB, Chen H. Olfaction and Changes in Body Composition in a Large Cohort of Older U.S. Adults. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2021; 75:2434-2440. [PMID: 32267924 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/glaa085] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Poor sense of smell in older adults may lead to weight loss, which may further contribute to various adverse health outcomes. However, empirical prospective evidence is lacking. We aimed to longitudinally assess whether poor olfaction is associated with changes in body composition among older adults. METHODS A total of 2,390 participants from the Health ABC Study had their olfaction assessed using the Brief Smell Identification Test in 1999-2000. Based on the test score, olfaction was defined as poor (0-8), moderate (9-10), or good (11-12). Total body mass, lean mass, and fat mass were measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry annually or biennially from 1999 to 2007. RESULTS At baseline, compared to participants with good olfaction, those with poor olfaction weighed on average 1.67 kg less (95% CI: -2.92, -0.42) in total mass, 0.53 kg less (95% CI: -1.08, 0.02) in lean mass, and 1.14 kg less (95% CI: -1.96, -0.31) in fat mass. In longitudinal analyses, compared to participants with good olfaction, those with poor olfaction had a greater annual decline in both total mass (-234 g, 95% CI: -442, -26) and lean mass (-139 g, 95% CI: -236, -43). They also tended to have a greater annual loss of fat mass (-113 g, 95% CI: -285, 59), but the difference was not statistically significant. CONCLUSIONS Our results indicate poor olfaction is associated with lower body weight and greater weight loss in older adults. It is imperative for future studies to investigate potential underlying mechanisms and associated adverse health consequences.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frank Purdy
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing
| | - Zhehui Luo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing
| | - Joseph C Gardiner
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing
| | - Jayant M Pinto
- Section of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Department of Surgery, The University of Chicago Medicine and Biological Sciences, Illinois
| | - Eric J Shiroma
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Science, Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Eleanor M Simonsick
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Science, Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Tamara B Harris
- Laboratory of Epidemiology and Population Science, Intramural Research Program of the National Institutes of Health, National Institute on Aging, Bethesda, Maryland
| | - Honglei Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, College of Human Medicine, Michigan State University, East Lansing
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Börsch A, Ham DJ, Mittal N, Tintignac LA, Migliavacca E, Feige JN, Rüegg MA, Zavolan M. Molecular and phenotypic analysis of rodent models reveals conserved and species-specific modulators of human sarcopenia. Commun Biol 2021; 4:194. [PMID: 33580198 PMCID: PMC7881157 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-021-01723-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia, the age-related loss of skeletal muscle mass and function, affects 5-13% of individuals aged over 60 years. While rodents are widely-used model organisms, which aspects of sarcopenia are recapitulated in different animal models is unknown. Here we generated a time series of phenotypic measurements and RNA sequencing data in mouse gastrocnemius muscle and analyzed them alongside analogous data from rats and humans. We found that rodents recapitulate mitochondrial changes observed in human sarcopenia, while inflammatory responses are conserved at pathway but not gene level. Perturbations in the extracellular matrix are shared by rats, while mice recapitulate changes in RNA processing and autophagy. We inferred transcription regulators of early and late transcriptome changes, which could be targeted therapeutically. Our study demonstrates that phenotypic measurements, such as muscle mass, are better indicators of muscle health than chronological age and should be considered when analyzing aging-related molecular data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anastasiya Börsch
- Biozentrum, University of Basel and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Daniel J Ham
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Nitish Mittal
- Biozentrum, University of Basel and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lionel A Tintignac
- Department of Biomedicine, Pharmazentrum, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | | | - Jérôme N Feige
- Nestlé Research, EPFL Innovation Park, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | | | - Mihaela Zavolan
- Biozentrum, University of Basel and Swiss Institute of Bioinformatics, Basel, Switzerland.
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Anjanappa M, Corden M, Green A, Roberts D, Hoskin P, McWilliam A, Choudhury A. Sarcopenia in cancer: Risking more than muscle loss. Tech Innov Patient Support Radiat Oncol 2020; 16:50-57. [PMID: 33385074 PMCID: PMC7769854 DOI: 10.1016/j.tipsro.2020.10.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 10/03/2020] [Accepted: 10/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is characterised by progressive and extensive skeletal muscle degeneration and is associated with functional decline. Sarcopenia has primary and secondary aetiology, arising as a result of the ageing process or through chronic cytokine-mediated inflammation (associated with health conditions including cancer), respectively. Diagnosis of sarcopenia is dependent upon detection of reduced skeletal muscle strength, mass and performance. A combination of non-radiological and radiological methods can be used to assess each of these in turn to accurately diagnose sarcopenia. Sarcopenia is known to adversely affect outcomes of patients with various forms of cancer. Early identification of sarcopenia is imperative in improving patient care and overall prognosis. Various interventions, such as resistance exercise, nutritional support, and amino acid and vitamin supplementation have shown promise in the management of sarcopenia. However, further insight into novel interventions and indeed, assessment of the benefits of management of sarcopenia in terms of survival, are required to better support cancer patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milan Anjanappa
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Michael Corden
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Andrew Green
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Darren Roberts
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Peter Hoskin
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
- Mount Vernon Cancer Centre, Northwood HA6 2RN, UK
| | - Alan McWilliam
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
- Department of Medical Physics and Engineering, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
| | - Ananya Choudhury
- Department of Clinical Oncology, The Christie NHS Foundation Trust, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
- Division of Cancer Sciences, Faculty of Biology Medicine and Health, University of Manchester, Manchester M20 4BX, UK
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35
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Huang ST, Tange C, Otsuka R, Nishita Y, Peng LN, Hsiao FY, Tomida M, Shimokata H, Arai H, Chen LK. Subtypes of physical frailty and their long-term outcomes: a longitudinal cohort study. J Cachexia Sarcopenia Muscle 2020; 11:1223-1231. [PMID: 32558267 PMCID: PMC7567152 DOI: 10.1002/jcsm.12577] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Components of physical frailty cluster into subtypes, but it remains unknown how these might be associated with age-related functional declines and multimorbidities. This study aims to investigated associations of physical frailty subtypes with functional declines and multimorbidity in a 10 year longitudinal cohort survey. METHODS Complementary longitudinal cohort study used group-based multitrajectory modelling to verify whether frailty subtypes discovered in Taiwan are presented in another aging cohort, then investigated associations of these subtypes with cognitive decline and multimorbidity. Participants aged ≥50 years were recruited from the third to sixth waves (May 2002 to July 2010) of the National Institute for Longevity Sciences-Longitudinal Study of Aging, in Japan. People with incomplete data, pre-frail/frail status before their index wave, and those with incomplete data or who died during follow-up, were excluded. Group-based trajectory analysis denoted five established physical frailty criteria as time-varying binary variables in each wave during follow-up. Incident frailty was classified as mobility subtype (weakness/slowness), non-mobility subtype (weight loss/exhaustion), or low physical activity subtype. General linear modelling investigated associations of these frailty subtypes with activities of daily living, digit symbol substitution test (DSST) and Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) at 2 year follow-up. RESULTS We identified four longitudinal trajectories of physical frailty, which corroborated the distinct subtypes we discovered previously. Among 940 eligible participants, 38.0% were robust, 18.4% had mobility subtype frailty, 20.7% non-mobility subtype, and 20.1% low physical activity subtype. People with mobility subtype frailty were older than those with other frailty subtypes or robust status and had higher prevalence of hypertension, diabetes, and heart failure. In the multivariable-adjusted general linear models, mobility-subtype frailty was associated with a significantly lower DSST score (point estimate -2.28, P = 0.03) and higher CCI (point estimate 0.82, P < 0.01) than the other groups. CONCLUSIONS Mobility-subtype frailty was associated with functional declines and progression of multimorbidity; the long-term effects of physical frailty subtypes deserve further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shih-Tsung Huang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chikako Tange
- Section of NILS-LSA, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Rei Otsuka
- Section of NILS-LSA, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Yukiko Nishita
- Department of Epidemiology of Aging, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Li-Ning Peng
- Department of Geriatrics, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Aging and Health Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Fei-Yuan Hsiao
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Pharmacy, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,School of Pharmacy, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Pharmacy, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Makiko Tomida
- Section of NILS-LSA, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Shimokata
- Graduate School of Nutritional Sciences, Nagoya University of Arts and Sciences, Nisshin, Japan
| | - Hidenori Arai
- National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Obu, Japan
| | - Liang-Kung Chen
- Department of Geriatrics, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Aging and Health Research Center, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
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36
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Marcos-Pérez D, Sánchez-Flores M, Proietti S, Bonassi S, Costa S, Teixeira JP, Fernández-Tajes J, Pásaro E, Laffon B, Valdiglesias V. Association of inflammatory mediators with frailty status in older adults: results from a systematic review and meta-analysis. GeroScience 2020; 42:1451-1473. [PMID: 32803650 DOI: 10.1007/s11357-020-00247-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 07/30/2020] [Indexed: 10/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Frailty is a geriatric syndrome defined as a status of extreme vulnerability to stressors, leading to a higher risk of negative health-related outcomes. "Inflammaging", an age-related state of low-grade chronic inflammation, is characterized by an increased concentration of pro-inflammatory cytokines and acute phase proteins. Inflammaging has been postulated as an underlying mechanism of frailty, and several studies tested the relationship between frailty and concentration of inflammatory mediators. The aim of this systematic review and meta-analysis was to test whether inflammatory mediators are overproduced in frail older adults. Among the 758 articles identified in the literature search, 50 were included in the systematic review, and 39 in the three meta-analyses, i.e., C-reactive protein (CRP), interleukin 6 (IL6), and tumor necrosis factor α. To reduce heterogeneity, meta-analyses were restricted to studies identifying frailty by the Fried et al. [1] [J. Gerontol. A. Biol. Sci. Med. Sci. 56, M146-56] phenotypic criteria. Quantitative analyses measuring the association between frailty and biomarker concentrations showed significant differences when frail subjects were compared to non-frail and pre-frail subjects for CRP and IL6. This work established strong association between inflammatory biomarkers and frailty, confirming the role of age-related chronic inflammation in frailty development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Diego Marcos-Pérez
- Universidade da Coruña, Grupo DICOMOSA, Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Departamento de Psicología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación, Campus Elviña s/n, 15071, A Coruña, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), AE CICA-INIBIC, Oza, 15071, A Coruña, Spain
| | - María Sánchez-Flores
- Universidade da Coruña, Grupo DICOMOSA, Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Departamento de Psicología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación, Campus Elviña s/n, 15071, A Coruña, Spain.,Environmental Health Department, National Health Institute, Rua Alexandre Herculano 321, 4000-055, Porto, Portugal.,EPIUnit -Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, no 135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal
| | - Stefania Proietti
- Scientific Direction, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Via di Val Cannuta, 247, 00166, Rome, Italy
| | - Stefano Bonassi
- Unit of Clinical and Molecular Epidemiology, IRCCS San Raffaele Pisana, Via di Val Cannuta, 247, 00166, Rome, Italy.,Department of Human Sciences and Quality of Life Promotion, San Raffaele University, Via di Val Cannuta, 247, 00166, Rome, Italy
| | - Solange Costa
- Environmental Health Department, National Health Institute, Rua Alexandre Herculano 321, 4000-055, Porto, Portugal.,EPIUnit -Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, no 135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joao Paulo Teixeira
- Environmental Health Department, National Health Institute, Rua Alexandre Herculano 321, 4000-055, Porto, Portugal.,EPIUnit -Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, no 135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal
| | - Juan Fernández-Tajes
- Wellcome Centre for Human Genetics, McCarthy's group, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Headington, Oxford, OX3 7BN, UK.,Genetic and Molecular Epidemiology Unit, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, CRC, SUS Malmö, Jan Waldenströms gata 35, House 91:12, SE-214 28, Malmö, Sweden
| | - Eduardo Pásaro
- Universidade da Coruña, Grupo DICOMOSA, Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Departamento de Psicología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación, Campus Elviña s/n, 15071, A Coruña, Spain.,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), AE CICA-INIBIC, Oza, 15071, A Coruña, Spain
| | - Blanca Laffon
- Universidade da Coruña, Grupo DICOMOSA, Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Departamento de Psicología, Facultad de Ciencias de la Educación, Campus Elviña s/n, 15071, A Coruña, Spain. .,Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), AE CICA-INIBIC, Oza, 15071, A Coruña, Spain.
| | - Vanessa Valdiglesias
- Instituto de Investigación Biomédica de A Coruña (INIBIC), AE CICA-INIBIC, Oza, 15071, A Coruña, Spain.,EPIUnit -Instituto de Saúde Pública, Universidade do Porto, Rua das Taipas, no 135, 4050-600, Porto, Portugal.,Universidade da Coruña, Grupo DICOMOSA, Centro de Investigaciones Científicas Avanzadas (CICA), Departamento de Biología, Facultad de Ciencias, Campus A Zapateira s/n, 15071, A Coruña, Spain
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Piggott DA, Tuddenham S. The gut microbiome and frailty. Transl Res 2020; 221:23-43. [PMID: 32360945 PMCID: PMC8487348 DOI: 10.1016/j.trsl.2020.03.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2020] [Revised: 03/26/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
The human microbiome is constituted by an extensive network of organisms that lie at the host/environment interface and transduce signals that play vital roles in human health and disease across the lifespan. Frailty is a critical aging-related syndrome marked by diminished physiological reserve and heightened vulnerability to stress, predictive of major adverse clinical outcomes including death. While recent studies suggest the microbiome may impact key pathways critical to frailty pathophysiology, direct evaluation of the microbiome-frailty relationship remains limited. In this article, we review the complex interplay of biological, behavioral, and environmental factors that may influence shifts in gut microbiome composition and function in aging populations and the putative implications of such shifts for progression to frailty. We discuss HIV infection as a key prototype for elucidating the complex pathways via which the microbiome may precipitate frailty. Finally, we review considerations for future research efforts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damani A Piggott
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland; Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins University School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland.
| | - Susan Tuddenham
- Department of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland
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38
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Sebastian-Valverde M, Pasinetti GM. The NLRP3 Inflammasome as a Critical Actor in the Inflammaging Process. Cells 2020; 9:cells9061552. [PMID: 32604771 PMCID: PMC7348816 DOI: 10.3390/cells9061552] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2020] [Revised: 06/12/2020] [Accepted: 06/23/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
As a consequence of the considerable increase in the human lifespan over the last century, we are experiencing the appearance and impact of new age-related diseases. The causal relationships between aging and an enhanced susceptibility of suffering from a broad spectrum of diseases need to be better understood. However, one specific shared feature seems to be of capital relevance for most of these conditions: the low-grade chronic inflammatory state inherently associated with aging, i.e., inflammaging. Here, we review the molecular and cellular mechanisms that link aging and inflammaging, focusing on the role of the innate immunity and more concretely on the nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor family pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasome, as well as how the chronic activation of this inflammasome has a detrimental effect on different age-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Giulio M. Pasinetti
- Department of Neurology, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, New York, NY 10029, USA;
- James J. Peters Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Bronx, New York, NY 10468, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-212-241-1952
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39
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The Systemic Effects of Exercise on Regulators of Muscle and Bone in Girls and Women. Pediatr Exerc Sci 2020; 32:117-123. [PMID: 32531761 DOI: 10.1123/pes.2019-0179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/14/2019] [Revised: 12/17/2019] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To assess the systemic effects of an acute bout of moderate-intensity exercise on factors that are known to regulate muscle and bone growth in prepubertal girls and women. METHODS A total of 12 prepubertal girls (8-10 y) and 12 women (20-30 y) cycled at 60% maximal oxygen uptake for 1 hour followed by 1 hour recovery. Blood samples were collected at rest, mid-exercise, end of exercise, mid-recovery, and end of recovery. Plasma was analyzed for interleukin-6, chemokine ligand 1, fibroblast growth factor-2, total insulin growth factor-1 (IGF-1), and free IGF-1 using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays assays. RESULTS Both groups had similar concentrations of systemic factors at baseline with the exception of free IGF-1, which was higher in girls (P = .001). Interleukin-6 response was lower in girls versus women (P = .04), with a difference of +105.1% at end of exercise (P < .001), +113.5% at mid-recovery (P = .001), and +93.2% at end of recovery (P = .02). Girls and women exhibited significant declines in chemokine ligand 1, fibroblast growth factor-2, and total IGF-1 during recovery. CONCLUSION Compared with women, an acute bout of moderate-intensity exercise in girls elicits a lower inflammatory response, suggesting that other mechanisms may be more important for driving the anabolic effects of exercise on muscle and bone in girls.
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40
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Seesen M, Semmarath W, Yodkeeree S, Sapbamrer R, Ayood P, Malasao R, Ongprasert K, Chittrakul J, Siviroj P, Limtrakul (Dejkriengkraikul) P. Combined Black Rice Germ, Bran Supplement and Exercise Intervention Modulate Aging Biomarkers and Improve Physical Performance and Lower-Body Muscle Strength Parameters in Aging Population. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:E2931. [PMID: 32340343 PMCID: PMC7215642 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17082931] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2020] [Revised: 04/15/2020] [Accepted: 04/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Aging is a time-dependent functional decline in muscle mass and strength, which is reflected in poor physical performances, hormonal imbalance, and development of chronic low-grade inflammation. This study aimed to assess the effectiveness of black rice germ, bran supplement, and exercise program either alone or in combination for 24 weeks on the aging biomarkers (C-reactive protein, Interleukin-6, Insulin-like growth factor-1, and CD4:CD8 T cell ratio) physical performance, muscle strength parameters (walking speed, sit-to-stand time, grip strength) among Thai aging population. A total of 120 healthy volunteers aged 65-74 years were assigned to the exercise group (EX), black rice germ, and bran supplement (BR) group or the combination of BR and EX group (BR + EX). Over the course of the 24-week intervention, compared with baseline data (T0), the combined BR + EX intervention significantly decreased the inflammatory biomarkers (C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 levels, both p < 0.05 vs. T0) and significantly increased the insulin-like growth factor-1 levels (p < 0.001 vs. T0). Significant improvement in physical performance and muscle strength were also observed in the combined BR + EX group (decrease in sit-to-stand time and gait speed over the 24-week intervention, both p < 0.05 vs. T0, and trend toward grip strength improvement at p = 0.088 vs. T0). Overall, our results indicated a synergistic effect towards the combined intervention with the sustainable improvement in physical performances, lower-body muscle strength, and the modulation of both inflammatory and endocrine biomarkers. This study could encourage older adults to change their lifestyles to improve healthy aging and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mathuramat Seesen
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (M.S.); (R.S.); (P.A.); (R.M.); (K.O.); (J.C.)
| | - Warathit Semmarath
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (W.S.); (S.Y.)
- Center for Research and Development of Natural Products for Health, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Supachai Yodkeeree
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (W.S.); (S.Y.)
- Center for Research and Development of Natural Products for Health, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
| | - Ratana Sapbamrer
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (M.S.); (R.S.); (P.A.); (R.M.); (K.O.); (J.C.)
| | - Pisittawoot Ayood
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (M.S.); (R.S.); (P.A.); (R.M.); (K.O.); (J.C.)
| | - Rungnapa Malasao
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (M.S.); (R.S.); (P.A.); (R.M.); (K.O.); (J.C.)
| | - Krongporn Ongprasert
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (M.S.); (R.S.); (P.A.); (R.M.); (K.O.); (J.C.)
| | - Jiraporn Chittrakul
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (M.S.); (R.S.); (P.A.); (R.M.); (K.O.); (J.C.)
| | - Penprapa Siviroj
- Department of Community Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (M.S.); (R.S.); (P.A.); (R.M.); (K.O.); (J.C.)
| | - Pornngarm Limtrakul (Dejkriengkraikul)
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand; (W.S.); (S.Y.)
- Center for Research and Development of Natural Products for Health, Chiang Mai University, Chiang Mai 50200, Thailand
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Pavuk M, Serio TC, Cusack C, Cave M, Rosenbaum PF, Birnbaum LS. Hypertension in Relation to Dioxins and Polychlorinated Biphenyls from the Anniston Community Health Survey Follow-Up. ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH PERSPECTIVES 2019; 127:127007. [PMID: 31858832 PMCID: PMC6957279 DOI: 10.1289/ehp5272] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2019] [Revised: 11/15/2019] [Accepted: 11/21/2019] [Indexed: 05/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In 2014, we conducted a longitudinal study [Anniston Community Health Survey (ACHS II)] 8 y after the baseline (ACHS I). OBJECTIVES We investigated the relationship between persistent chlorinated compounds and hypertension in residents living around the former polychlorinated biphenyl (PCB) production plant in Anniston, Alabama. We also examined the potential role of inflammatory cytokines in those with hypertension. METHODS A total of 338 participants had their blood pressure measured and medications recorded, gave a blood sample, and completed a questionnaire. Prevalent hypertension was defined as taking antihypertensive medication or having systolic blood pressure >140 mmHg and/or diastolic pressure >90 mmHg; incident hypertension used similar criteria in those who developed hypertension since the baseline in 2005-2007. PCB congeners were categorized into structure-activity groups, and toxic equivalencies (TEQs) were calculated for dioxin-like compounds. Descriptive statistics, logistic and linear regressions, as well as Cox proportional hazard models, were used to analyze the associations between exposures and hypertension. RESULTS Prevalent hypertension (78%) in ACHS II showed statistically significant adjusted odds ratios (ORs) for PCBs 74, 99, 138, 153, 167, 177, 183, and 187, ranging from 2.18 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.10, 4.33] to 2.76 (95% CI: 1.14, 6.73), as well as for two estrogenic-like PCB groups, and the thyroid-like group [ORs ranging from 2.25 (95% CI: 1.07, 4.75) to 2.54 (95% CI: 1.13, 5.74)]. Furthermore, analysis of quartiles demonstrated a monotonic relationship for dioxin-like non-ortho (non-o)-PCB TEQs [fourth vs. first quartile: 3.66 (95% CI: 1.40, 9.56)]. Longitudinal analyses of incident hypertension supported those positive associations. The results were strongest for the di-o-PCBs [hazard ratio (HR)=1.93 (95% CI: 0.93, 4.00)] and estrogenic II PCB group [HR=1.90 (95% CI: 0.96, 3.78)] but were weaker for the dioxin TEQs. DISCUSSION Findings supportive of positive associations were reported for dioxin-like mono-o- and non-o-PCBs as well as for nondioxin-like estrogenic and thyroid-like congeners with prevalent and incident hypertension, suggesting that multiple pathways may be involved in hypertension development. https://doi.org/10.1289/EHP5272.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marian Pavuk
- Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Tara C. Serio
- Oak Ridge Institute for Science and Education (ORISE), ATSDR, CDC, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Caroline Cusack
- Agency for Toxic Substances and Disease Registry (ATSDR), Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Matt Cave
- University of Louisville, Louisville, Kentucky, USA
| | - Paula F. Rosenbaum
- State University of New York (SUNY) Upstate Medical University, Syracuse, New York, USA
| | - Linda S. Birnbaum
- National Cancer Institute at National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences (NIEHS), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
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Biomarkers in the path from cellular senescence to frailty. Exp Gerontol 2019; 129:110750. [PMID: 31678465 DOI: 10.1016/j.exger.2019.110750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2019] [Revised: 09/26/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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43
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Sanders JL, Arnold AM, Boudreau RM, Hirsch CH, Kizer JR, Kaplan RC, Cappola AR, Cushman M, Jacob ME, Kritchevsky SB, Newman AB. Association of Biomarker and Physiologic Indices With Mortality in Older Adults: Cardiovascular Health Study. J Gerontol A Biol Sci Med Sci 2019; 74:114-120. [PMID: 29659743 DOI: 10.1093/gerona/gly075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/09/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Background A goal of gerontology is discovering aging phenotypes that reflect biological aging distinct from disease pathogenesis. Biomarkers that strongly and independently associated with mortality and that statistically attenuated chronologic age could be used to define such a phenotype. We determined the association of a Biomarker Index (BI) with mortality and compared it with a validated Physiologic Index (PI) in older adults. Methods The indices were constructed in the Cardiovascular Health Study, mean (SD) age 74.5 (5.1) years. The BI incorporated circulating levels of new biomarkers, including insulin-like growth factor-1, insulin-like growth factor-binding protein 3, amino-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide, dehydroepiandrosterone sulfate, and interleukin-6, and was built in test (N = 2,197) and validation (N = 1,124) samples. The PI included carotid intima-media thickness, pulmonary capacity, brain white matter grade, cystatin-C, and fasting glucose. Multivariable Cox proportional hazards models predicting death were calculated with 10 years of follow-up. Results In separate age-adjusted models, the hazard ratio for mortality per point of the BI was 1.30 (95% confidence interval 1.25, 1.34) and the BI attenuated age by 25%. The hazard ratio for the PI was 1.28 (1.24, 1.33; 29% age attenuation). In the same model, the hazard ratio for the BI was 1.23 (1.18, 1.28) and for the PI was 1.22 (1.17, 1.26), and age was attenuated 42.5%. Associations persisted after further adjustment. Conclusions The BI and PI were significantly and independently associated with mortality. Both attenuated the age effect on mortality substantially. The indices may be feasible phenotypes for developing interventions hoping to alter the trajectory of aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jason L Sanders
- Department of Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston
| | - Alice M Arnold
- Department of Biostatistics, University of Washington, Seattle
| | | | - Calvin H Hirsch
- Department of Medicine, University of California-Davis, Sacramento
| | - Jorge R Kizer
- Department of Medicine, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Robert C Kaplan
- Department of Epidemiology and Population Health, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Bronx, New York
| | - Anne R Cappola
- Department of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia
| | - Mary Cushman
- Departments of Medicine and Pathology, University of Vermont, Burlington
| | - Mini E Jacob
- New England GRECC, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, Massachusetts.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Stephen B Kritchevsky
- Department of Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, North Carolina
| | - Anne B Newman
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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44
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Moon JH, Kim YJ, Oh YH, Kong MH, Kim HJ. Association between Colorectal Adenoma and Hand Grip Strength in the Elderly. J Bone Metab 2019; 26:161-167. [PMID: 31555613 PMCID: PMC6746666 DOI: 10.11005/jbm.2019.26.3.161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2019] [Revised: 07/17/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Obesity is known as an important risk factor for colorectal adenoma. However, for the elderly with changes in body composition, reduced muscle, and increased fat, the body mass index (BMI), one of the most commonly used indicators of obesity, is limited in predicting a link to colorectal cancer. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between colorectal adenoma and grip strength that can predict muscle reduction in the elderly. Methods This study included 262 participants aged ≥65 years who underwent medical examination between June 2015 and August 2018. The control group comprised participants with normal findings or hyperplasia and other benign lesions, except adenoma on colonoscopy, whereas the adenoma group consisted of participants with more than one adenoma. Grip strength was alternately measured twice for each hand using a hydraulic dynamometer. Results The grip strength was statistically lower in the adenoma group than in the control group among women (P=0.042). For both sexes, grip strength was significantly lower in participants with ≥5 adenomas than in those with <5 adenomas (P=0.021, P=0.007). Similarly, men with large adenomas (≥7 mm) exhibited significantly lower grip strength than did those with small adenomas (<7 mm) (P=0.004). Even after correction for age, BMI, smoking status, alcohol consumption, exercise, insulin resistance, hypertension, and diabetes, the negative correlation between grip strength and number of adenomas among men and women remained (P=0.034, P=0.019). Conclusions A significant relationship between hand grip strength and number of colorectal adenomas was noted.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Hyun Moon
- Department of Family Medicine, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju, Korea.,Department of Family Medicine, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Korea
| | - Ye Ji Kim
- Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Korea
| | - Yun Hwan Oh
- Department of Family Medicine, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju, Korea
| | - Mi Hee Kong
- Department of Family Medicine, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju, Korea.,Department of Family Medicine, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Korea
| | - Hyeon Ju Kim
- Department of Family Medicine, Jeju National University Hospital, Jeju, Korea.,Department of Family Medicine, Jeju National University School of Medicine, Jeju, Korea
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Pansarasa O, Pistono C, Davin A, Bordoni M, Mimmi MC, Guaita A, Cereda C. Altered immune system in frailty: Genetics and diet may influence inflammation. Ageing Res Rev 2019; 54:100935. [PMID: 31326616 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2019.100935] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2018] [Revised: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 07/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Frailty is a complex geriatric syndrome associated with biological vulnerability to stressors and decreased physiological reserve. Its etiology and pathogenesis are not completely understood, although various causes and complex pathways have been proposed. Immune system alterations (immunosenescence and "InflammAging") have been suggested to contribute to frailty, but a precise causative role of such alterations remains to be determined. Genetic studies support the suggestion of immune system involvement in frailty: genetic variants in genes involved in immune system function have been associated with the syndrome. Interestingly, nutritional status, through its effects on cellular metabolism, may also influence the immune system, i.e. hormone and cytokine (mainly adipocytokine) levels, and immune cell populations and function, increasing inflammation and contributing to frailty. This review aims to discuss the role of immune system alterations in frailty, analyzing the role of genetic factors in frailty onset and the impact of diet on inflammation and, in turn, on frailty.
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46
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Sarcopenia is Associated with Malnutrition but Not with Systemic Inflammation in Older Persons with Advanced CKD. Nutrients 2019; 11:nu11061378. [PMID: 31248132 PMCID: PMC6628018 DOI: 10.3390/nu11061378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2019] [Accepted: 06/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: In patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD), sarcopenia can be determined by a wide spectrum of risk factors. We evaluated the association of sarcopenia with nutritional, behavioral and inflammatory patterns in older patients with advanced CKD. Methods: we cross-sectionally evaluated 113 patients with CKD stages 3b-5. Sarcopenia was defined according to the EWGSOP2 criteria. We assessed: anthropometry, bioelectrical impedance analysis, physical, and psychological performance. Nutritional status was assessed using the Malnutrition Inflammation Score (MIS) and by verifying the eventual presence Protein Energy Wasting syndrome (PEW). Systemic inflammation was assessed by dosing: CRP, IL6, TNFα, MCP1, IL10, IL17, fetuin, IL12. Results: 24% of patients were sarcopenic. Sarcopenic individuals had lower creatinine clearance (18 ± 11 vs. 23 ± 19 mL/min; p = 0.0087) as well as lower BMI (24.8 ± 3.0 vs. 28.4 ± 5.5 Kg/m2; p < 0.0001) and a lower FTI (11.6 ± 3.9 vs. 14.4 ± 5.1 kg/m2, p = 0.023). Sarcopenic persons had higher prevalence of PEW (52 vs. 20%, p < 0.0001) and a tendency to have higher MIS (6.6 ± 6.5 vs. 4.5 ± 4.0, p = 0.09); however, they did not show any difference in systemic inflammation compared to non-sarcopenic individuals. Conclusions: CKD sarcopenic patients were more malnourished than non-sarcopenic ones, but the two groups did not show any difference in systemic inflammation.
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47
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Lindsey LP, Daphney CM, Oppong-Damoah A, Uchakin PN, Abney SE, Uchakina ON, Khusial RD, Akil A, Murnane KS. The cannabinoid receptor 2 agonist, β-caryophyllene, improves working memory and reduces circulating levels of specific proinflammatory cytokines in aged male mice. Behav Brain Res 2019; 372:112012. [PMID: 31173795 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2019.112012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/18/2019] [Revised: 05/31/2019] [Accepted: 06/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
Age-related cognitive decline has been associated with proinflammatory cytokines, yet the precise relationship between cognitive decline and cytokine load remains to be elucidated. β-caryophyllene (BCP) is a cannabinoid receptor 2 (CB2) agonist with established anti-inflammatory effects that is known to improve memory and increase lifespan. It is of interest to explore the potential of BCP to reduce age-related cognitive decline and proinflammatory cytokine load. In this study, we assessed changes in circulating cytokines across the lifespan, memory performance in young and aged mice, and the effects of BCP on memory function and cytokine load. The plasma levels of 12 cytokines were assessed in male Swiss-Webster mice at 3, 12, and 18 months of age using multiplexed flow cytometry. Working memory was compared in 3 and 12 month-old mice using spontaneous alternations. A dose-response function (100-300 mg/kg, subchronic administration) for BCP-induced memory restoration was determined in 3- and 12- month-old mice. Finally, the effects on cytokine levels of the peak memory enhancing dose of BCP were assessed in 18- month-old mice. Circulating levels of several cytokines significantly increased with age. Multilinear regression analysis showed that IL-23 levels were most strongly associated with age. Aged mice showed deficits in working memory and higher levels of IL-23, both of which were reversed by BCP treatment. BCP appears to reverse age-associated impairments in memory and modulates cytokine production. IL-23 may play a significant role in the aging process, and future research should determine whether it has utility as a biomarker for novel anti-aging therapeutics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lindsey Phillips Lindsey
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mercer University College of Pharmacy, Mercer University Health Sciences Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Cedrick Maceo Daphney
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mercer University College of Pharmacy, Mercer University Health Sciences Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Aboagyewaah Oppong-Damoah
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mercer University College of Pharmacy, Mercer University Health Sciences Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Peter Nikolaevich Uchakin
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Mercer University Health Sciences Center, Macon, GA, USA
| | - Sarah E Abney
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Mercer University Health Sciences Center, Macon, GA, USA
| | - Olga N Uchakina
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Mercer University School of Medicine, Mercer University Health Sciences Center, Macon, GA, USA
| | - Richard Darien Khusial
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mercer University College of Pharmacy, Mercer University Health Sciences Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Ayman Akil
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mercer University College of Pharmacy, Mercer University Health Sciences Center, Atlanta, GA, USA
| | - Kevin Sean Murnane
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Mercer University College of Pharmacy, Mercer University Health Sciences Center, Atlanta, GA, USA.
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Prognostic Impact of Low Skeletal Muscle Mass on Major Adverse Cardiovascular Events in Coronary Artery Disease: A Propensity Score-Matched Analysis of a Single Center All-Comer Cohort. J Clin Med 2019; 8:jcm8050712. [PMID: 31109123 PMCID: PMC6571815 DOI: 10.3390/jcm8050712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2019] [Revised: 05/12/2019] [Accepted: 05/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The impact of sarcopenia on atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease remains unclear. We aimed to investigate the prognostic impact of sarcopenia on coronary artery disease (CAD). A total of 475 patients with CAD who underwent successful percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) and computed tomography (CT) were enrolled. The cross-sectional area of skeletal muscle at the first lumbar (L1) vertebral level was measured, and sex-specific cut-off values of L1 skeletal muscle index (L1 SMI; male <31.00 cm2/m2, female <25.00 cm2/m2) were obtained. The primary outcome was 3-year all-cause mortality and the secondary outcome was 3-year major adverse cardiovascular events (MACEs). Low L1 SMI was present in 141 (29.7%) of 475 patients. The incidence of all-cause mortality (23.7% vs. 5.9%, p < 0.001) and MACEs (39.6% vs. 11.8%, p < 0.001) was significantly higher in patients with low L1 SMI than in those with high L1 SMI. In multivariate analysis, low L1 SMI was an independent predictor of higher risk of all-cause mortality (hazard ratio (HR): 4.07; 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.95–8.45; p < 0.001) and MACEs (HR: 3.76; 95% CI: 2.27–6.23; p < 0.001). These findings remained consistent after propensity score-matched analysis with 91 patient pairs (C-statistic = 0.848). CT-diagnosed low skeletal muscle mass is a powerful predictor of adverse outcomes in patients with CAD undergoing PCI.
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Shrestha P, Haugen CE, Chu NM, Shaffer A, Garonzik-Wang J, Norman SP, Walston JD, Segev DL, McAdams-DeMarco MA. Racial differences in inflammation and outcomes of aging among kidney transplant candidates. BMC Nephrol 2019; 20:176. [PMID: 31101015 PMCID: PMC6524264 DOI: 10.1186/s12882-019-1360-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2019] [Accepted: 04/29/2019] [Indexed: 01/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammation is more common among African Americans (AAs), and it is associated with frailty, poor physical performance, and mortality in community-dwelling older adults. Given the elevated inflammation levels among end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients, inflammation may be associated with adverse health outcomes such as frailty, physical impairment, and poor health-related quality of life (HRQOL), and these associations may differ between AA and non-AA ESRD patients. Methods One thousand three ESRD participants were recruited at kidney transplant evaluation (4/2014–5/2017), and inflammatory markers (interleukin-6 [IL-6], tumor necrosis factor-a receptor-1 [TNFR1], C-reactive protein [CRP]) were measured. We quantified the association with frailty (Fried phenotype), physical impairment (Short Physical Performance Battery [SPPB]), and fair/poor HRQOL at evaluation using adjusted modified Poisson regression and tested whether these associations differed by race (AA vs. non-AA). Results Non-AAs had lower levels of TNFR1 (9.7 ng/ml vs 14.0 ng/ml, p < 0.001) and inflammatory index (6.7 vs 6.8, p < 0.001) compared to AAs, but similar levels of IL-6 (4.5 pg/ml vs 4.3 pg/ml, p > 0.9) and CRP (4.7 μg/ml vs 4.9 μg/ml, p = 0.4). Non-AAs had an increased risk of frailty with elevated IL-6 (RR = 1.58, 95% CI:1.27–1.96, p < 0.001), TNFR1 (RR = 1.60, 95% CI:1.25–2.05, p < 0.001), CRP (RR = 1.41, 95% CI:1.10–1.82, p < 0.01), and inflammatory index (RR = 1.82, 95% CI:1.44–2.31, p < 0.001). The associations between elevated inflammatory markers and frailty were not present among AAs. Similar results were seen with SPPB impairment and poor/fair HRQOL. Conclusions Non-AAs with elevated inflammatory markers may need closer follow-up and may benefit from prehabilitation to improve physical function, reduce frailty burden, and improve quality of life prior to transplant.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prakriti Shrestha
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Christine E Haugen
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Nadia M Chu
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, 615, N. Wolfe St, W6033, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Ashton Shaffer
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | | | - Silas P Norman
- Department of Medicine, Division of Nephrology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | - Jeremy D Walston
- Department of Medicine, Division of Geriatrics, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - Dorry L Segev
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA.,Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, 615, N. Wolfe St, W6033, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA
| | - Mara A McAdams-DeMarco
- Department of Surgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA. .,Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins School of Public Health, 615, N. Wolfe St, W6033, Baltimore, MD, 21205, USA.
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50
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Kim SH, Shin MJ, Shin YB, Kim KU. Sarcopenia Associated with Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease. J Bone Metab 2019; 26:65-74. [PMID: 31223602 PMCID: PMC6561852 DOI: 10.11005/jbm.2019.26.2.65] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/11/2019] [Revised: 04/03/2019] [Accepted: 04/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Sarcopenia is frequently associated with chronic diseases such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and cancer. COPD, which is characterized by an irreversible airflow limitation, exacerbates respiratory distress as the disease progresses. The prevalence of sarcopenia in stable COPD was reported to be 15% to 25% in previous foreign studies and 25% in a Korean study. As the amount of activity decreases, muscle mass decreases and eventually oxygen cannot be used effectively, resulting in a vicious cycle of deterioration of exercise capacity. Deconditioning due to decreased activity is a major cause of limb muscle dysfunction in patients with COPD. In these patients, the factors that decrease muscle strength and endurance include chronic inflammation, oxidative stress, inactivity, hypoxemia, hormone abnormality, deficits of nutrients such as protein and vitamin D, and the use of systemic corticosteroid. Therefore, treatment and management should either inhibit this process or should be directed toward supplementing the deficiency, such as with exercise, nutritional support, and medications and supplements. The relationship between sarcopenia and COPD is increasingly being reported, with some overlap in clinical features and treatments. We are fascinated to be able to diagnose 2 diseases through similar physical performance tests and to improve both diseases using the same treatment such as exercise. Therefore, this review summarizes the clinical relevance and integrative management of the 2 diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sang Hun Kim
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Myung Jun Shin
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Yong Beom Shin
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Biomedical Research Institute, Pusan National University Hospital, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
| | - Ki Uk Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Pusan National University School of Medicine, Busan, Korea
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