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Li X, Chen L, Wang H, Li Y, Wu H, Guo F. Germacrone, isolated from Curcuma wenyujin, inhibits melanin synthesis through the regulation of the MAPK signaling pathway. J Nat Med 2024:10.1007/s11418-024-01818-x. [PMID: 38809333 DOI: 10.1007/s11418-024-01818-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2024] [Accepted: 04/19/2024] [Indexed: 05/30/2024]
Abstract
Abnormal melanin synthesis causes hyperpigmentation disorders, such as chloasma, freckles, and melanoma, which are highly multiple and prevalent. There were few reports on the anti-melanogenic effect of Curcuma wenyujin Y.H. Chen et C. Ling, and the bioactive compound has not been elucidated as well. The study aims to investigate the anti-melanogenic effect of C. wenyujin, and identify the bioactive compound, and further explore its underlying mechanism. Our results showed that the Petroleum ether fraction extracted from C. wenyujin rhizome had a significant anti-melanogenic effect, and germacrone isolated from it was confirmed as the major bioactive compound. To our data, germacrone significantly inhibited tyrosinase (TYR) activity, reduced melanosome synthesis, reduced dendrites formation of B16F10 cells, and melanosome transport to keratinocytes. Moreover, germacrone effectively decreased the hyperpigmentation in zebrafish and the skin of guinea pigs in vivo. Western-blot analysis showed that germacrone down-regulated the expression of TYR, TRP-1, TRP-2, Rab27a, Cdc42, and MITF proteins via the activation of the MAPK signaling pathway. Taken together, germacrone is an effective bioactive compound for melanogenesis inhibition. Our studies suggest that germacrone may be considered a potential candidate for skin whitening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoye Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Lijia Chen
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Hong Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Yiming Li
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China
| | - Huali Wu
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Fujiang Guo
- School of Pharmacy, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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Su J, Chen XM, Xie YL, Li MQ, Shang Q, Zhang DK, Cai XF, Liu H, Huang HZ, Zheng C, Han L. Clinical efficacy, pharmacodynamic components, and molecular mechanisms of antiviral granules in the treatment of influenza: A systematic review. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 318:117011. [PMID: 37567423 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.117011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2023] [Revised: 07/29/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/13/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE The Antiviral Granules (AG) are derived from the classical famous prescription, which is composed of 9 traditional Chinese medicines, namely Radix Isatidis (called Banlangen, BLG in Chinese), Forsythiae Fructus (called Lianqiao, LQ in Chinese), Gypsum fibrosum, Anemarrhenae Rhizoma (called Zhimu, ZM in Chinese), Phragmitis Rhizoma (called Lugen, LG in Chinese), Rehmanniae Radix (called Dihuang, DH in Chinese), Pogostemonis Herba (called Guanghuoxiang, GHX in Chinese), Acori Tatarinowii Rhizoma (called Shichangpu, SCP in Chinese), and Curcumae Radix (called Yujin, YJ in Chinese), and has shown an excellent therapeutic effect in clinical treatment of influenza. However, there are few studies on the anti-influenza mechanism of AG, and the mechanism of action is still unclear. AIM OF THE STUDY The purpose is to provide the latest information about the clinical efficacy, pharmacodynamic composition and mechanism of AG based on scientific literature, so as to enhance the utilization of AG in the treatment of influenza and related diseases, and promote the development and innovation of novel anti-influenza drugs targeting the influenza virus. MATERIALS AND METHODS Enter the data retrieval room, search for Antiviral Granules, as well as the scientific names, common names, and Chinese names of each Chinese medicine. Additionally, search for the relevant clinical applications, pharmacodynamic composition, pharmacological action, and molecular mechanism of both Antiviral Granules and single-ingredient medicines. Keywords includes terms such as "antiviral granules", "influenza", "Isatis indigotica Fort.", "Radix Isatidis", "Banlangeng", "pharmacology", "clinical application", "pharmacologic action", etc. and their combinations. Obtain results from the Web of Science, PubMed, Google Scholar, Sci Finder Scholar, CNKI and other resources. RESULTS AG is effective in the treatment of influenza and is often used in combination with other drugs to treat viral diseases. Its chemical composition is complex, including alkaloids, polysaccharides, volatile oils, steroid saponins, phenylpropanoids, terpenoids and other compounds. These compounds have a variety of pharmacological activities, which can interfere with the replication cycle of the influenza virus, regulate RIG-I-MAVS, JAK/STAT, TLRs/MyD88, NF-κB signaling pathways and related cytokines, regulate intestinal microorganisms, and protect both the lungs and extrapulmonary organs. CONCLUSIONS AG can overcome the limitations of traditional antiviral drug therapy, play a synergistic role in fighting influenza virus with the characteristics of multi-component, multi-pathway and multi-target therapy, and reverse the bodily function damage caused by influenza virus. AG may be a potential drug in the prevention and treatment of influenza and related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juan Su
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Xin-Ming Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Yi-Ling Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Meng-Qi Li
- Pharmacy Department, Sichuan Nursing Vocational College, Chengdu, 610100, China
| | - Qiang Shang
- Sichuan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Antiviral Chinese Medicine Industrialization, Sichuan Guangda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Pengzhou, 611930, China
| | - Ding-Kun Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Sichuan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Innovative Re-development of Famous Classical Formulas, Tianfu TCM Innovation Harbour, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Pengzhou, 611930, China
| | - Xin-Fu Cai
- Sichuan Provincial Engineering Research Center for Antiviral Chinese Medicine Industrialization, Sichuan Guangda Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Pengzhou, 611930, China
| | - Hui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China
| | - Hao-Zhou Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, Innovative Institute of Chinese Medicine and Pharmacy/Academy for Interdiscipline, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China; Meishan Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Meishan, 620010, China.
| | - Chuan Zheng
- Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 610072, China.
| | - Li Han
- State Key Laboratory of Southwestern Chinese Medicine Resources, School of Pharmacy, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, 611137, China.
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Yang Y, Shao J, Zhou Q, Chen Y, Tian J, Hou L. Exploration of the mechanisms of Callicarpa nudiflora Hook. et Arn against influenza A virus (H1N1) infection. PHYTOMEDICINE : INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOTHERAPY AND PHYTOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 123:155240. [PMID: 38056143 DOI: 10.1016/j.phymed.2023.155240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND In our preliminary research on screening traditional Chinese medicine extracts for anti-H1N1 activity, we discovered that the 75 % ethanol extract of Callicarpa nudiflora Hook. & Arn (C. nudiflora) exhibited promising anti-H1N1 infection activity. However, the underlying active components and mechanism of action remain to be elucidated. AIM OF THE STUDY This experiment further explores the potential active components and mechanisms of action of C. nudiflora against H1N1. METHODS In this study, the composition of the C. nudiflora was determined using UPLC-Q-Orbitrap-MS/MS. The inhibitory effect of C. nudiflora on H1N1 was investigated using a Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cell model infected with H1N1, and the protective effect of C. nudiflora on H1N1-infected mice was examined using a Balb/c mouse model infected with H1N1. The potential mechanisms of action were demonstrated at the mRNA and protein levels. RESULTS A total of 21 compounds were detected in C. nudiflora, which was found to act on the replication stages of H1N1. Moreover, C. nudiflora improved the survival rate of H1N1-infected mice, enhanced the organ index, alleviated the trend of weight loss, reduced lung viral load, mitigated lung tissue damage, and regulated CD4/CD8 and Th1/Th2 immune balance. Molecular mechanism studies revealed that C. nudiflora can regulate the expression of key genes in the toll-like receptor and STAT signaling pathway. CONCLUSION C. nudiflora can inhibit H1N1 replication. It also can exert a regulatory effect on the immune response of H1N1-infected mice, and mitigate inflammatory damage by modulating the expression of key genes in the toll-like receptor and STAT signaling pathways, indicating its potential for development as an anti-H1N1 drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China
| | - Junjing Shao
- College of Basic Medical Science, Jining Medical University, Jining 272100, China
| | - Qinqin Zhou
- Qingdao Academy of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao 266041, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Qingdao Academy of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao 266041, China
| | - Jingzhen Tian
- College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China.
| | - Lin Hou
- Qingdao Academy of Chinese Medicinal Sciences, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao 266041, China.
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de Veras BO, Moura GMDM, Barros AVD, Vanusa da Silva M, Assis PACD, Aguiar JCRDOFD, Navarro DMDAF, Ximenes RM, Wanderley AG, Oliveira MBMD, Lopes ACDS. Antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of essential oil of the leaves of Amburana cearensis (Allemão) A.C. Smith. from the semi-arid region of Northeastern Brazil. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2023; 317:116858. [PMID: 37400005 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2023.116858] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2023] [Revised: 06/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/05/2023]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Amburana cearensis (Allemão) A.C. Smith is a medicinal plant with wide distribution in South America, popularly known in Brazil as "cumaru" or "amburana de cheiro". In folk medicine, in the semi-arid region of Northeastern Brazil, infusions, teas and decoctions of leaves of Amburana cearensis have their practical use for treating fever, gastrointestinal disorders, inflammation, and inflammation pain. However, none of the ethnopharmacological properties has been scientifically evaluated using volatile compounds obtained from its leaves (essential oil). AIM OF THE STUDY This study investigated the chemical composition, acute oral toxicity, and antinociceptive and anti-inflammatory activities of the essential oil from the leaves of A. cearensis. MATERIAL AND METHODS The acute toxicity of the essential oil was investigated in mice. The antinociceptive effect was evaluated using the formalin test and, abdominal writhing induced by acetic acid, being investigated the possible mechanisms of action involved in antinociception. The acute anti-inflammatory effect was investigated through models of carrageenan-induced peritonitis, yeast-induced pyrexia, and carrageenan- and histamine-induced paw inflammation. RESULTS No acute toxicity was observed at doses up to 2000 mg/kg; p.o. The antinociceptive effect was statistically equal to morphine. In the formalin assay, the oil showed analgesic activity in the neurogenic and inflammatory phases, having as mechanisms the cholinergic, adenosinergic system, and ATP-sensitive potassium channels (K-ATP). In peritonitis, a reduction in TNF-α and IL-1β levels and leukocyte migration were observed. The antipyretic effect was statistically superior to dipyrone. The reduction in paw edema was statistically superior to the standard in both models. CONCLUSION The results obtained not only support the traditional use of the species in inflammatory conditions and pain in folk medicine but also demonstrate that this is a rich source of phytocomponents such as germacrone, which can be used as a natural and sustainable therapeutic agent with industrial applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Oliveira de Veras
- Post-graduation in Tropical Medicine, Laboratory of Microbiology, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50670-420, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; Post-graduation in Biotechnology - RENORBIO, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50670-420, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil; Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Natural Products, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50670-420, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil.
| | - Geovanna Maria de Medeiros Moura
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory Chemistry and Function of Bioactive Proteins, Federal University of Rio Grande do Norte, 59078-970, Natal, Rio Grande do Norte, Brazil
| | - Amanda Vieira de Barros
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Natural Products, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50670-420, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Márcia Vanusa da Silva
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Natural Products, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50670-420, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Priscilla Anne Castro de Assis
- Department of Physiology and Pathology, Laboratory of Immunology and Cell Biology, Federal University of Paraiba, 58051-900, João Pessoa, Paraiba, Brazil
| | | | | | - Rafael Matos Ximenes
- Post-graduation in Biotechnology - RENORBIO, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50670-420, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Almir Gonçalves Wanderley
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Institute of Environmental, Chemical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of São Paulo, 09913-030, Diadema, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Maria Betânia Melo de Oliveira
- Department of Biochemistry, Laboratory of Natural Products, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50670-420, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
| | - Ana Catarina de Sousa Lopes
- Post-graduation in Tropical Medicine, Laboratory of Microbiology, Federal University of Pernambuco, 50670-420, Recife, Pernambuco, Brazil
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5
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Li Y, Lu Y, Nian M, Sheng Q, Zhang C, Han C, Dou X, Ding Y. Therapeutic potential and mechanism of Chinese herbal medicines in treating fibrotic liver disease. Chin J Nat Med 2023; 21:643-657. [PMID: 37777315 DOI: 10.1016/s1875-5364(23)60443-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 10/02/2023]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a pathological condition characterized by replacement of normal liver tissue with scar tissue, and also the leading cause of liver-related death worldwide. During the treatment of liver fibrosis, in addition to antiviral therapy or removal of inducers, there remains a lack of specific and effective treatment strategies. For thousands of years, Chinese herbal medicines (CHMs) have been widely used to treat liver fibrosis in clinical setting. CHMs are effective for liver fibrosis, though its mechanisms of action are unclear. In recent years, many studies have attempted to determine the possible mechanisms of action of CHMs in treating liver fibrosis. There have been substantial improvements in the experimental investigation of CHMs which have greatly promoted the understanding of anti-liver fibrosis mechanisms. In this review, the role of CHMs in the treatment of liver fibrosis is described, based on studies over the past decade, which has addressed the various mechanisms and signaling pathways that mediate therapeutic efficacy. Among them, inhibition of stellate cell activation is identified as the most common mechanism. This article provides insights into the research direction of CHMs, in order to expand its clinical application range and improve its effectiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanwei Li
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Yunrui Lu
- Liaoning University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Mozuo Nian
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Qiuju Sheng
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Chong Zhang
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Chao Han
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Xiaoguang Dou
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, China
| | - Yang Ding
- Department of Infectious Diseases, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110000, China.
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de Sousa DP, Damasceno ROS, Amorati R, Elshabrawy HA, de Castro RD, Bezerra DP, Nunes VRV, Gomes RC, Lima TC. Essential Oils: Chemistry and Pharmacological Activities. Biomolecules 2023; 13:1144. [PMID: 37509180 PMCID: PMC10377445 DOI: 10.3390/biom13071144] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 07/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/10/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
In this review, we provide an overview of the current understanding of the main mechanisms of pharmacological action of essential oils and their components in various biological systems. A brief introduction on essential oil chemistry is presented to better understand the relationship of chemical aspects with the bioactivity of these products. Next, the antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, antitumor, and antimicrobial activities are discussed. The mechanisms of action against various types of viruses are also addressed. The data show that the multiplicity of pharmacological properties of essential oils occurs due to the chemical diversity in their composition and their ability to interfere with biological processes at cellular and multicellular levels via interaction with various biological targets. Therefore, these natural products can be a promising source for the development of new drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Damião P de Sousa
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Renan Oliveira S Damasceno
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Center of Biosciences, Federal University of Pernambuco, Recife 50670-901, Brazil
| | - Riccardo Amorati
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, Via Gobetti 83, 40129 Bologna, Italy
| | - Hatem A Elshabrawy
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, College of Osteopathic Medicine, Sam Houston State University, Conroe, TX 77304, USA
| | - Ricardo D de Castro
- Department of Clinical and Social Dentistry, Federal University of Paraíba, João Pessoa 58051-970, Brazil
| | - Daniel P Bezerra
- Instituto Gonçalo Moniz, Fundação Oswaldo Cruz (IGM-FIOCRUZ/BA), Salvador 40296-710, Brazil
| | - Vitória Regina V Nunes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Rebeca C Gomes
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Federal University of Paraiba, João Pessoa 58051-900, Brazil
| | - Tamires C Lima
- Department of Pharmacy, Federal University of Sergipe, São Cristóvão 49100-000, Brazil
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Ponticelli M, Bellone ML, Parisi V, Iannuzzi A, Braca A, de Tommasi N, Russo D, Sileo A, Quaranta P, Freer G, Pistello M, Milella L. Specialized metabolites from plants as a source of new multi-target antiviral drugs: a systematic review. PHYTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS : PROCEEDINGS OF THE PHYTOCHEMICAL SOCIETY OF EUROPE 2023; 22:1-79. [PMID: 37359711 PMCID: PMC10008214 DOI: 10.1007/s11101-023-09855-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023]
Abstract
Viral infections have always been the main global health challenge, as several potentially lethal viruses, including the hepatitis virus, herpes virus, and influenza virus, have affected human health for decades. Unfortunately, most licensed antiviral drugs are characterized by many adverse reactions and, in the long-term therapy, also develop viral resistance; for these reasons, researchers have focused their attention on investigating potential antiviral molecules from plants. Natural resources indeed offer a variety of specialized therapeutic metabolites that have been demonstrated to inhibit viral entry into the host cells and replication through the regulation of viral absorption, cell receptor binding, and competition for the activation of intracellular signaling pathways. Many active phytochemicals, including flavonoids, lignans, terpenoids, coumarins, saponins, alkaloids, etc., have been identified as potential candidates for preventing and treating viral infections. Using a systematic approach, this review summarises the knowledge obtained to date on the in vivo antiviral activity of specialized metabolites extracted from plant matrices by focusing on their mechanism of action.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Ponticelli
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale Dell’ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Maria Laura Bellone
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
- Ph.D. Program in Drug Discovery and Development, Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Valentina Parisi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
- Ph.D. Program in Drug Discovery and Development, Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Annamaria Iannuzzi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy
- Retrovirus Center, Virology Section, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Alessandra Braca
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Pisa, Via Bonanno 33, 56126 Pisa, Italy
- Interdepartmental Research Center “Nutraceuticals and Food for Health”, University of Pisa, 56100 Pisa, Italy
- Retrovirus Center, Virology Section, Department of Translational Research and New Technologies in Medicine and Surgery, University of Pisa, Pisa, Italy
| | - Nunziatina de Tommasi
- Department of Pharmacy, University of Salerno, Via Giovanni Paolo II 132, 84084 Fisciano, Salerno, Italy
| | - Daniela Russo
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale Dell’ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | - Annalisa Sileo
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale Dell’ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
| | | | - Giulia Freer
- Virology Unit, Pisa University Hospital, Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Luigi Milella
- Department of Science, University of Basilicata, Viale Dell’ateneo Lucano 10, 85100 Potenza, Italy
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Wu YQ, Tong T. Curcumae Rhizoma: A botanical drug against infectious diseases. Front Pharmacol 2023; 13:1015098. [PMID: 36703758 PMCID: PMC9871392 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.1015098] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Curcumae Rhizoma is the dry rhizome coming from Curcuma longa L. which grow widely in tropical south and southwest Asia. It has been used to treat conditions such as dermatoses, infections, stress, and depression. Moreover, in China, Curcumae Rhizoma and its active constituents have been made into different pharmaceutical preparations. Growing evidence suggests that these preparations can exert antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, and anti-cancer effects, which may play crucial roles in the treatment of various diseases, including cancer, infectious-, autoimmune-, neurological-, and cardiovascular diseases, as well as diabetes. The anti-infective effect of Curcumae Rhizoma has become a popular field of research around the world, including for the treatment of COVID-19, influenza virus, hepatitis B virus, human immunodeficiency virus, and human papilloma virus, among others. In this paper, the basic characteristics of Curcumae Rhizoma and its active constituents are briefly introduced, and we also give an overview on their applications and mechanisms in infectious diseases.
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Phytocompounds as a source for the development of new drugs to treat respiratory viral infections. STUDIES IN NATURAL PRODUCTS CHEMISTRY 2023; 77:187-240. [PMCID: PMC10204935 DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-323-91294-5.00007-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/03/2024]
Abstract
Respiratory viruses have an important history as a threat to global health. However, this problem has been aggravated due to the appearance of new outbreaks caused by a newly discovered virus or variant. Recently, the new coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) has been a major concern for health authorities, and it was classified as a pandemic by the World Health Organization. Secondary metabolites obtained from plants represent an alternative to the discovery of new active molecules and have already shown potential to combat different viruses. In an effort to demonstrate the broad spectrum of antiviral action from these metabolites, this work describes the compounds that were effective against the major viruses that cause respiratory infections in humans. In addition, their mechanisms of action were highlighted as an approach to better understanding the virus-bioactive substance relationship. Finally, this study warns that, although phytocompounds have a broad antiviral action spectrum, the development of products and clinical trials based on these secondary metabolites is still scarce and therefore deserves greater attention from the scientific community.
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Chen Z, Ye SY. Research progress on antiviral constituents in traditional Chinese medicines and their mechanisms of action. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2022; 60:1063-1076. [PMID: 35634712 PMCID: PMC9154771 DOI: 10.1080/13880209.2022.2074053] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/30/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
CONTEXT Viruses have the characteristics of rapid transmission and high mortality. At present, western medicines still lack an ideal antiviral. As natural products, many traditional Chinese medicines (TCM) have certain inhibitory effects on viruses, which has become the hotspot of medical research in recent years. OBJECTIVE The antiviral active ingredients and mechanisms of TCM against viral diseases was studied in combination with the pathogenesis of viral diseases and antiviral effects. MATERIALS AND METHODS English and Chinese literature from 1999 to 2021 was collected from databases including Web of Science, PubMed, Elsevier, Chinese Pharmacopoeia 2020 (CP), and CNKI (Chinese). Traditional Chinese medicines (TCM), active ingredients, antiviral, mechanism of action, and anti-inflammatory effect were used as the key words. RESULTS The antiviral activity of TCM is clarified to put forward a strategy for discovering active compounds against viruses, and provide reference for screening antivirus drugs from TCM. TCM can not only directly kill viruses and inhibit the proliferation of viruses in cells, but also prevent viruses from infecting cells and causing cytophilia. It can also regulate the human immune system, enhance human immunity, and play an indirect antiviral role. DISCUSSION AND CONCLUSION Based on the experimental study and antiviral mechanism of TCM, this paper can provide analytical evidence that supports the effectiveness of TCM in treating virus infections, as well as their mechanisms against viruses. It could be helpful to provide reference for the research and development of innovative TCMs with multiple components, multiple targets and low toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi Chen
- Pharmaceutical College, Shandong University of TCM, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Si-yong Ye
- Department of Pharmacy, Jinan Second People's Hospital, Jinan, People’s Republic of China
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Elsebai MF, Albalawi MA. Essential Oils and COVID-19. Molecules 2022; 27:molecules27227893. [PMID: 36431995 PMCID: PMC9696513 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227893] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Herbal products are a major source of herbal medicines and other medicines. Essential oils have shown various pharmacological activities, such as antiviral activity, and therefore are proposed to have potential activity against SARS-CoV-2. Due to their lipophilicity, essential oils can easily penetrate the viral membrane and cause the viral membrane to rupture. In addition, crude essential oils usually have many active constituents that can act on different parts of the virus including its cell entry, translation, transcription, and assembly. They have further beneficial pharmacological effects on the host's respiratory system, including anti-inflammatory, immune regulation, bronchiectasis, and mucolytics. This review reported potential essential oils which could be promising drugs for COVID-19 eradication. Essential oils have many advantages because they are promising volatile antiviral molecules, making them potential drug targets for the prevention and treatment of COVID-19, whether used alone or in combination with other chemotherapeutic drugs. The aim of the current review is to shed light on the potential essential oils against enveloped viruses and their proposed activity against SARS-CoV-2 which is also an enveloped virus. The objectives were to present all data reflecting the promising activities of diverse essential oils against enveloped viruses and how they could contribute to the eradication of COVID disease, especially in indoor places. The data collected for the current review were obtained through the SciFinder database, Google scholar, PubMed, and Mendeley database. The data of the current review focused on the most common essential oils which are available in the pharmaceutical market and showed noticeable activities against enveloped viruses such as HSV and influenza.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahmoud Fahmi Elsebai
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmacy, Mansoura University, Mansoura 35516, Egypt
- Correspondence: or ; Tel.: +20-1557290900; Fax: +20-50-2247496
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12
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Oriola AO, Oyedeji AO. Essential Oils and Their Compounds as Potential Anti-Influenza Agents. MOLECULES (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 27:molecules27227797. [PMID: 36431899 PMCID: PMC9693178 DOI: 10.3390/molecules27227797] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2022] [Revised: 11/07/2022] [Accepted: 11/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Essential oils (EOs) are chemical substances, mostly produced by aromatic plants in response to stress, that have a history of medicinal use for many diseases. In the last few decades, EOs have continued to gain more attention because of their proven therapeutic applications against the flu and other infectious diseases. Influenza (flu) is an infectious zoonotic disease that affects the lungs and their associated organs. It is a public health problem with a huge health burden, causing a seasonal outbreak every year. Occasionally, it comes as a disease pandemic with unprecedentedly high hospitalization and mortality. Currently, influenza is managed by vaccination and antiviral drugs such as Amantadine, Rimantadine, Oseltamivir, Peramivir, Zanamivir, and Baloxavir. However, the adverse side effects of these drugs, the rapid and unlimited variabilities of influenza viruses, and the emerging resistance of new virus strains to the currently used vaccines and drugs have necessitated the need to obtain more effective anti-influenza agents. In this review, essential oils are discussed in terms of their chemistry, ethnomedicinal values against flu-related illnesses, biological potential as anti-influenza agents, and mechanisms of action. In addition, the structure-activity relationships of lead anti-influenza EO compounds are also examined. This is all to identify leading agents that can be optimized as drug candidates for the management of influenza. Eucalyptol, germacrone, caryophyllene derivatives, eugenol, terpin-4-ol, bisabolene derivatives, and camphecene are among the promising EO compounds identified, based on their reported anti-influenza activities and plausible molecular actions, while nanotechnology may be a new strategy to achieve the efficient delivery of these therapeutically active EOs to the active virus site.
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13
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Zhou M, Abid M, Cao S, Zhu S. Progress of Research into Novel Drugs and Potential Drug Targets against Porcine Pseudorabies Virus. Viruses 2022; 14:v14081753. [PMID: 36016377 PMCID: PMC9416328 DOI: 10.3390/v14081753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2022] [Revised: 08/06/2022] [Accepted: 08/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudorabies virus (PRV) is the causative agent of pseudorabies (PR), infecting most mammals and some birds. It has been prevalent around the world and caused huge economic losses to the swine industry since its discovery. At present, the prevention of PRV is mainly through vaccination; there are few specific antivirals against PRV, but it is possible to treat PRV infection effectively with drugs. In recent years, some drugs have been reported to treat PR; however, the variety of anti-pseudorabies drugs is limited, and the underlying mechanism of the antiviral effect of some drugs is unclear. Therefore, it is necessary to explore new drug targets for PRV and develop economic and efficient drug resources for prevention and control of PRV. This review will focus on the research progress in drugs and drug targets against PRV in recent years, and discuss the future research prospects of anti-PRV drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mo Zhou
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High-Tech Research and Development of Veterinary Biopharmaceuticals, Jiangsu Agri-Animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou 225306, China
| | - Muhammad Abid
- Viral Oncogenesis Group, The Pirbright Institute, Ash Road Pirbright, Woking, Surrey GU24 0NF, UK
| | - Shinuo Cao
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High-Tech Research and Development of Veterinary Biopharmaceuticals, Jiangsu Agri-Animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou 225306, China
- Correspondence: (S.C.); (S.Z.)
| | - Shanyuan Zhu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for High-Tech Research and Development of Veterinary Biopharmaceuticals, Jiangsu Agri-Animal Husbandry Vocational College, Taizhou 225306, China
- Correspondence: (S.C.); (S.Z.)
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14
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Reichling J. Antiviral and Virucidal Properties of Essential Oils and Isolated Compounds - A Scientific Approach. PLANTA MEDICA 2022; 88:587-603. [PMID: 34144626 DOI: 10.1055/a-1382-2898] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Essential oils and isolated essential oil compounds are known to exert various pharmacological effects, such as antibacterial, antifungal, antiviral, anti-inflammatory, anti-immunomodulatory, antioxidant, and wound healing effects. Based on selected articles, this review deals with the potential antiviral and virucidal activities of essential oils and essential oil compounds together with their mechanism of action as well as in silico studies involving viral and host cell-specific target molecules that are indispensable for virus cell adsorption, penetration, and replication. The reported in vitro and in vivo studies highlight the baseline data about the latest findings of essential oils and essential oil compounds antiviral and virucidal effects on enveloped and non-enveloped viruses, taking into account available biochemical and molecular biological tests. The results of many in vitro studies revealed that several essential oils and essential oil compounds from different medicinal and aromatic plants are potent antiviral and virucidal agents that inhibit viral progeny by blocking different steps of the viral infection/replication cycle of DNA and RNA viruses in various host cell lines. Studies in mice infected with viruses causing respiratory diseases showed that different essential oils and essential oil compounds were able to prolong the life of infected animals, reduce virus titers in brain and lung tissues, and significantly inhibit the synthesis of proinflammatory cytokines and chemokines. In addition, some in vitro studies on hydrophilic nano-delivery systems encapsulating essential oils/essential oil compounds exhibited a promising way to improve the chemical stability and enhance the water solubility, bioavailabilty, and antiviral efficacy of essential oils and essential oil compounds.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jürgen Reichling
- Formerly Institute of Pharmacy and Molecular Biotechnology, University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
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Xi Y, Miao Y, Zhou R, Wang M, Zhang F, Li Y, Zhang Y, Yang H, Guo F. Exploration of the Specific Pathology of HXMM Tablet Against Retinal Injury Based on Drug Attack Model to Network Robustness. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:826535. [PMID: 35401181 PMCID: PMC8990835 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.826535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Retinal degenerative diseases are related to retinal injury because of the activation of the complement cascade, oxidative stress-induced cell death mechanisms, dysfunctional mitochondria, chronic neuroinflammation, and production of the vascular endothelial growth factor. Anti-VEGF therapy demonstrates remarkable clinical effects and benefits in retinal degenerative disease patients. Hence, new drug development is necessary to treat patients with severe visual loss. He xue ming mu (HXMM) tablet is a CFDA-approved traditional Chinese medicine (TCM) for retinal degenerative diseases, which can alleviate the symptoms of age-related macular degeneration (AMD) and diabetic retinopathy (DR) alone or in combination with anti-VEGF agents. To elucidate the mechanisms of HXMM, a quantitative evaluation algorithm for the prediction of the effect of multi-target drugs on the disturbance of the disease network has been used for exploring the specific pathology of HXMM and TCM precision positioning. Compared with anti-VEGF agents, the drug disturbance of HXMM on the functional subnetwork shows that HXMM reduces the network robustness on the oxidative stress subnetwork and inflammatory subnetwork to exhibit the anti-oxidation and anti-inflammation activity. HXMM provides better protection to ARPE-19 cells against retinal injury after H2O2 treatment. HXMM can elevate GSH and reduce LDH levels to exhibit antioxidant activity and suppress the expression of IL-6 and TNF-α for anti-inflammatory activity, which is different from the anti-VEGF agent with strong anti-VEGF activity. The experimental result confirmed the accuracy of the computational prediction. The combination of bioinformatics prediction based on the drug attack on network robustness and experimental validation provides a new strategy for precision application of TCM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yujie Xi
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Chinese Medicine Research Institute, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yan Miao
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Xi’an Jiaotong University Health Science Center, Xi’an, China
| | - Rui Zhou
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, China
| | - Maolin Wang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Fangbo Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Li
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Chinese Medicine Research Institute, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
| | - Yi Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Hongjun Yang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- Chinese Medicine Research Institute, Tianjin University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Tianjin, China
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine Basic Research on Prevention and Treatment for Major Diseases, Experimental Research Center, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Feifei Guo, ; Hongjun Yang,
| | - Feifei Guo
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Feifei Guo, ; Hongjun Yang,
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Al-Salihi SAA, Alberti F. Naturally Occurring Terpenes: A Promising Class of Organic Molecules to Address Influenza Pandemics. NATURAL PRODUCTS AND BIOPROSPECTING 2021; 11:405-419. [PMID: 33939136 PMCID: PMC8090910 DOI: 10.1007/s13659-021-00306-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2021] [Accepted: 04/12/2021] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Since the olden times, infectious diseases have largely affected human existence. The newly emerged infections are excessively caused by viruses that are largely associated with mammal reservoirs. The casualties of these emergencies are significantly influenced by the way human beings interact with the reservoirs, especially the animal ones. In our review we will consider the evolutionary and the ecological scales of such infections and their consequences on the public health, with a focus on the pathogenic influenza A virus. The nutraceutical properties of fungal and plant terpene-like molecules will be linked to their ability to lessen the symptoms of viral infections and shed light on their potential use in the development of new drugs. New challenging methods in antiviral discovery will also be discussed in this review. The authors believe that pharmacognosy is the "wave of future pharmaceuticals", as it can be continually produced and scaled up under eco-friendly requirements. Further diagnostic methods and strategies however are required to standardise those naturally occurring resources.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fabrizio Alberti
- School of Life Sciences and Department of Chemistry, University of Warwick, Gibbet Hill Road, Coventry, CV4 7AL, UK.
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Ji D, Zhao Q, Qin Y, Tong H, Wang Q, Yu M, Mao C, Lu T, Qiu J, Jiang C. Germacrone improves liver fibrosis by regulating the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway. Cell Biol Int 2021; 45:1866-1875. [PMID: 33835632 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11607] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2021] [Accepted: 04/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
Liver fibrosis is a primary threat to public health, owing to limited therapeutic options. Germacrone (GM) has been shown to exert various curative effects against human diseases, including liver injury. The aim of this study was to investigate the pharmacological effects of GM in the pathophysiology of hepatic fibrosis and determine its potential mechanisms of action. A liver fibrosis rat model was established via carbon tetrachloride (CCl4 ) treatment, and LX-2 cells were stimulated with TGF-β1. The effects of GM on liver fibrosis and its relationship with the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (AKT)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signalling pathway were investigated. In the CCl4 fibrosis-induced rat model, GM improved histological damage, inhibited the activity of hepatic α-smooth muscle actin and improved serum alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase levels in a dose-dependent manner. GM potently inhibited hepatic stellate cells (HSCs) growth and epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) progression, as reflected by the altered expression of proliferative (Ki-67, PCNA and cleaved caspase-3) and EMT-related (E-cadherin and vimentin) proteins. In TGF-β1-stimulated LX-2 cells, GM significantly inhibited the survival and activation of HSCs and induced cell apoptosis. GM also suppressed the migration ability and reversed the EMT process in HSCs. Following GM treatment, the phosphorylation of the PI3K, AKT and mTOR proteins was reduced in the liver of CCl4 -treated rats and TGF-β1-stimulated LX-2 cells, indicating that GM may attenuate hepatic fibrosis via the PI3K/AKT/mTOR signalling pathway. These outcomes highlight the anti-fibrotic effects of GM and suggest that it is a potential therapeutic agent for the treatment of liver fibrosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- De Ji
- Department of Chinese Medicinal Processing, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qi Zhao
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Chinese Medicinal Resources, Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang, Wenzhou, China
| | - Yuwen Qin
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Chinese Medicinal Resources, Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang, Wenzhou, China
| | - Huangjin Tong
- Department of Chinese Medicinal Processing, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China.,Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Qiaohan Wang
- Department of Chinese Medicinal Processing, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Mengting Yu
- Department of Chinese Medicinal Processing, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Chunqin Mao
- Department of Chinese Medicinal Processing, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Tulin Lu
- Department of Chinese Medicinal Processing, School of Pharmacy, Nanjing University of Chinese Medicine, Nanjing, China
| | - Jinchun Qiu
- Department of Pharmacy, Children's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Chengxi Jiang
- Molecular Pharmacology Research Center, School of Pharmaceutical Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang, China.,Department of Chinese Medicinal Resources, Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang, Wenzhou, China
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18
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Chemical Composition and Immunomodulatory Activity of Essential Oils from Rhododendron albiflorum. Molecules 2021; 26:molecules26123652. [PMID: 34203809 PMCID: PMC8232766 DOI: 10.3390/molecules26123652] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2021] [Revised: 06/01/2021] [Accepted: 06/12/2021] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Rhododendron (Ericaceae) extracts contain flavonoids, chromones, terpenoids, steroids, and essential oils and are used in traditional ethnobotanical medicine. However, little is known about the immunomodulatory activity of essential oils isolated from these plants. Thus, we isolated essential oils from the flowers and leaves of R. albiflorum (cascade azalea) and analyzed their chemical composition and innate immunomodulatory activity. Compositional analysis of flower (REOFl) versus leaf (REOLv) essential oils revealed significant differences. REOFl was comprised mainly of monoterpenes (92%), whereas sesquiterpenes were found in relatively low amounts. In contrast, REOLv was primarily composed of sesquiterpenes (90.9%), with a small number of monoterpenes. REOLv and its primary sesquiterpenes (viridiflorol, spathulenol, curzerene, and germacrone) induced intracellular Ca2+ mobilization in human neutrophils, C20 microglial cells, and HL60 cells transfected with N-formyl peptide receptor 1 (FPR1) or FPR2. On the other hand, pretreatment with these essential oils or component compounds inhibited agonist-induced Ca2+ mobilization and chemotaxis in human neutrophils and agonist-induced Ca2+ mobilization in microglial cells and FPR-transfected HL60 cells, indicating that the direct effect of these compounds on [Ca2+]i desensitized the cells to subsequent agonist activation. Reverse pharmacophore mapping suggested several potential kinase targets for these compounds; however, these targets were not supported by kinase binding assays. Our results provide a cellular and molecular basis to explain at least part of the beneficial immunotherapeutic properties of the R. albiflorum essential oils and suggest that essential oils from leaves of this plant may be effective in modulating some innate immune responses, possibly by inhibition of neutrophil migration.
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Devi AB, Sarala R. Substantial effect of phytochemical constituents against the pandemic disease influenza-a review. FUTURE JOURNAL OF PHARMACEUTICAL SCIENCES 2021; 7:120. [PMID: 34150912 PMCID: PMC8196934 DOI: 10.1186/s43094-021-00269-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Influenza is an acute respiratory tract infection caused by the influenza virus. Vaccination and antiviral drugs are the two methods opted to control the disease. Besides their efficiency, they also cause adverse side effects. Hence, scientists turned their attention to powerful herbal medicines. This review put focus on various proven, scientifically validated anti-influenza compounds produced by the plants suggested for the production of newer drugs for the better treatment of influenza and its related antiviral diseases too. Main body In this review, fifty medicinal herb phytochemical constituents and their anti-influenza activities have been documented. Specifically, this review brings out the accurate and substantiates mechanisms of action of these constituents. This study categorizes the phytochemical constituents into primary and secondary metabolites which provide a source for synthesizing and developing new drugs. Conclusion This article provides a summary of the actions of the herbal constituents. Since the mechanisms of action of the components are elucidated, the pandemic situation arising due to influenza and similar antiviral diseases can be handled promisingly with greater efficiency. However, clinical trials are in great demand. The formulation of usage may be a single drug compound or multi-herbal combination. These, in turn, open up a new arena for the pharmaceutical industries to develop innovative drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Brindha Devi
- Department of Botany, Periyar EVR College (Autonomous), (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Trichy-24), Trichy-620 023, Tamil Nadu, India
| | - R Sarala
- Department of Botany, Periyar EVR College (Autonomous), (Affiliated to Bharathidasan University, Trichy-24), Trichy-620 023, Tamil Nadu, India
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20
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Pushkaran AC, Nath En P, Melge AR, Puthiyedath R, Mohan CG. A phytochemical-based medication search for the SARS-CoV-2 infection by molecular docking models towards spike glycoproteins and main proteases. RSC Adv 2021; 11:12003-12014. [PMID: 35423778 PMCID: PMC8696622 DOI: 10.1039/d0ra10458b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Identifying best bioactive phytochemicals from different medicinal plants using molecular docking techniques demonstrates a potential pre-clinical compound discovery against SARS-CoV-2 viral infection. The in silico screening of bioactive phytochemicals with the two druggable targets of SARS-CoV-2 by simple precision/extra precision molecular docking methods was used to compute binding affinity at its active sites. phyllaemblicin and cinnamtannin class of phytocompounds showed a better binding affinity range (-9.0 to -8.0 kcal mol-1) towards both these SARS-CoV-2 targets; the corresponding active site residues in the spike protein were predicted as: Y453, Q496, Q498, N501, Y449, Q493, G496, T500, Y505, L455, Q493, and K417; and Mpro: Q189, H164, H163, P168, H41, L167, Q192, M165, C145, Y54, M49, and Q189. Molecular dynamics simulation further established the structural and energetic stability of protein-phytocompound complexes and their interactions with their key residues supporting the molecular docking analysis. Protein-protein docking using ZDOCK and Prodigy server predicted the binding pose and affinity (-13.8 kcal mol-1) of the spike glycoprotein towards the human ACE2 enzyme and also showed significant structural variations in the ACE2 recognition site upon the binding of phyllaemblicin C compound at their binding interface. The phyllaemblicin and cinnamtannin class of phytochemicals can be potential inhibitors of both the spike and Mpro proteins of SARS-CoV-2; furthermore, its pharmacology and clinical optimization would lead towards novel COVID-19 small-molecule therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anju Choorakottayil Pushkaran
- Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Lab, Center for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham Kochi 682041 Kerala India +91-484-4001234 ext. 8769
| | - Prajeesh Nath En
- Amrita School of Ayurveda, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham Kollam 690525 Kerala India
| | - Anu R Melge
- Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Lab, Center for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham Kochi 682041 Kerala India +91-484-4001234 ext. 8769
| | | | - C Gopi Mohan
- Computational Biology and Bioinformatics Lab, Center for Nanosciences and Molecular Medicine, Amrita Vishwa Vidyapeetham Kochi 682041 Kerala India +91-484-4001234 ext. 8769
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21
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Umeoguaju FU, Ephraim-Emmanuel BC, Patrick-Iwuanyanwu KC, Zelikoff JT, Orisakwe OE. Plant-Derived Food Grade Substances (PDFGS) Active Against Respiratory Viruses: A Systematic Review of Non-clinical Studies. Front Nutr 2021; 8:606782. [PMID: 33634160 PMCID: PMC7900554 DOI: 10.3389/fnut.2021.606782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2020] [Accepted: 01/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Human diet comprises several classes of phytochemicals some of which are potentially active against human pathogenic viruses. This study examined available evidence that identifies existing food plants or constituents of edible foods that have been reported to inhibit viral pathogenesis of the human respiratory tract. SCOPUS and PUBMED databases were searched with keywords designed to retrieve articles that investigated the effect of plant-derived food grade substances (PDFGS) on the activities of human pathogenic viruses. Eligible studies for this review were those done on viruses that infect the human respiratory tract. Forty six (46) studies met the specified inclusion criteria from the initial 5,734 hits. The selected studies investigated the effects of different PDFGS on the infectivity, proliferation and cytotoxicity of different respiratory viruses including influenza A virus (IAV), influenza B virus (IBV), Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV), human parainfluenza virus (hPIV), Human coronavirus NL63 (HCoV-NL63), and rhinovirus (RV) in cell lines and mouse models. This review reveals that PDFGS inhibits different stages of the pathological pathways of respiratory viruses including cell entry, replication, viral release and viral-induced dysregulation of cellular homeostasis and functions. These alterations eventually lead to the reduction of virus titer, viral-induced cellular damages and improved survival of host cells. Major food constituents active against respiratory viruses include flavonoids, phenolic acids, tannins, lectins, vitamin D, curcumin, and plant glycosides such as glycyrrhizin, acteoside, geniposide, and iridoid glycosides. Herbal teas such as guava tea, green and black tea, adlay tea, cistanche tea, kuding tea, licorice extracts, and edible bird nest extracts were also effective against respiratory viruses in vitro. The authors of this review recommend an increased consumption of foods rich in these PDFGS including legumes, fruits (e.g berries, citrus), tea, fatty fish and curcumin amongst human populations with high prevalence of respiratory viral infections in order to prevent, manage and/or reduce the severity of respiratory virus infections.
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Affiliation(s)
- Francis U. Umeoguaju
- World Bank Africa Centre of Excellence in Public Health and Toxicological Research (ACE-PUTOR), University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
| | - Benson C. Ephraim-Emmanuel
- World Bank Africa Centre of Excellence in Public Health and Toxicological Research (ACE-PUTOR), University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
- Department of Dental Health Sciences, Ogbia, Bayelsa State College of Health Technology, Otakeme, Nigeria
| | - Kingsley C. Patrick-Iwuanyanwu
- World Bank Africa Centre of Excellence in Public Health and Toxicological Research (ACE-PUTOR), University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
| | - Judith T. Zelikoff
- Department of Environmental Medicine, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, United States
| | - Orish Ebere Orisakwe
- World Bank Africa Centre of Excellence in Public Health and Toxicological Research (ACE-PUTOR), University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
- Department of Experimental Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Port Harcourt, Port Harcourt, Nigeria
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22
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Riaz A, Rasul A, Kanwal N, Hussain G, Shah MA, Sarfraz I, Ishfaq R, Batool R, Rukhsar F, Adem Ş. Germacrone: A Potent Secondary Metabolite with Therapeutic Potential in Metabolic Diseases, Cancer and Viral Infections. Curr Drug Metab 2020; 21:1079-1090. [PMID: 32723267 DOI: 10.2174/1389200221999200728144801] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Natural products, an infinite reserve of bioactive molecules, will continue to serve humans as an important source of therapeutic agents. Germacrone is a bioactive natural compound found in the traditional medicinal plants of family Zingiberaceae. This multifaceted chemical entity has become a point of focus during recent years due to its numerous pharmacological applications, e.g., anticancer, anti-inflammatory, antiviral, antioxidant, anti-adipogenic, anti-androgenic, antimicrobial, insecticidal, and neuroprotective. Germacrone is an effective inducer of cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in various cancers (breast, brain, liver, skin, prostate, gastric, and esophageal) via modulation of different cell signaling molecules and pathways involved in cancer proliferation. This is the first report highlighting the wide spectrum of pharmacological activities exhibited by germacrone. The reported data collected from various shreds of evidences recommend that this multifaceted compound could serve as a potential drug candidate in the near future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ammara Riaz
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Azhar Rasul
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Nazia Kanwal
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Ghulam Hussain
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Muhammad Ajmal Shah
- Department of Pharmacognosy, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Iqra Sarfraz
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Rubab Ishfaq
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Rabia Batool
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Fariha Rukhsar
- Department of Zoology, Faculty of Life Sciences, Government College University, Faisalabad 38000, Pakistan
| | - Şevki Adem
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Çankırı Karatekin Üniversitesi Çankırı, 18100, Turkey
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Fang X, Tan T, Gao B, Zhao Y, Liu T, Xia Q. Germacrone Regulates HBXIP-Mediated Cell Cycle, Apoptosis and Promotes the Formation of Autophagosomes to Inhibit the Proliferation of Gastric Cancer Cells. Front Oncol 2020; 10:537322. [PMID: 33244453 PMCID: PMC7683780 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.537322] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Accepted: 10/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Germacrone, a monocyclic sesquiterpene, exerts marked antitumor effects in a variety of cancers, including hepatocellular carcinoma, gastric cancer, and breast cancer. However, the mechanism underlying the effects of germacrone on gastric cancer remains unclear. In this study, we show that germacrone inhibited gastric cancer cell proliferation in a dose-dependent manner, and induced G0/G1-phase cell cycle arrest and apoptosis in these cells. Moreover, germacrone increased the expression of LC3II/LC3I. And LC3II/LC3I was significant increased after germacrone treatment compared with germacrone and bafilomycin A1 (Baf A1) treatment, which suggested germacrone promoted the formation of autophagosomes. Proteomic analysis was then used to identify molecular targets of germacrone in gastric cancer. A total of 596 proteins were screened, and the top hit was identified as late endosomal/lysosomal adaptor and MAPK and MTOR activator 5 (LAMTOR5, also named HBXIP). Overexpression of HBXIP delayed the germacrone-induced cell cycle arrest, induction of apoptosis, and inhibition of autophagy. Combined, our results indicate that germacrone suppresses gastric cancer cell proliferation by inhibiting HBXIP, and this process is related to G0/G1-phase arrest and apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xing Fang
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - TingFei Tan
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - BeiBei Gao
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - YingLi Zhao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Second People's Hospital of Hefei, Hefei, China
| | - TingTing Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Quan Xia
- Department of Pharmacy, The First Affiliated Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China.,Department of Pharmacy, The Grade 3 Pharmaceutical Chemistry Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hefei, China
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Zhu X, Zhang W, Jin L, Zhang G, Yang H, Yu B. Inhibitory activities of curzerenone, curdione, furanodienone, curcumol and germacrone on Ca 2+-activated chloride channels. Fitoterapia 2020; 147:104736. [PMID: 33010370 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2020.104736] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/23/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Calcium-activated chloride channels (CaCCs) as a kind of widely expressed ion channels play crucial roles in a variety of physiological regulation. TMEM16A has been identified as the molecular basis of CaCCs in numerous cell types and is considered a new drug target for many diseases. Regulating the function of TMEM16A through small molecule modulators has become a new strategy to improve respiratory and digestive dysfunction and even tumor therapy. Herein, we obtained 5 sesquiterpenoids, named curzerenone, curdione, furanodienone, curcumol and germacrone with TMEM16A inhibition and revealed their mechanism of action by fluorescent and electrophysiological assays. Cell-based YFP fluorescence data demonstrated that 5 compounds inhibited TMEM16A-mediated I- influx in a dose-dependent manner. To explore the mechanism of 5 compounds on CaCCs, FRT cells with high expression of TMEM16A, HBE, HT-29 and T84 cells and mouse colons were used in short-circuit current assay. Our results showed that 5 compounds inhibited the Ca2+-activated Cl- currents generated by the Eact, ATP and UTP stimulation, and this inhibitory effect was related not only to the direct inhibition of channel opening, but also the inhibition of intracellular Ca2+ concentration and K+ channel activity. In addition to CaCCs, these 5 compounds also had definite inhibitory activities against cystic fibrosis transmembrane regulator (CFTR) at the cellular level. In summary, these compounds have the potential to regulate the activites of TMEM16A/CaCCs and CFTR channels in vitro, providing a new class of lead compounds for the development of drugs for diseases related to chloride channel dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojuan Zhu
- School of Life Sciences, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, PR China
| | - Wanting Zhang
- School of Life Sciences, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, PR China
| | - Lingling Jin
- College of Basic Medical Sciences, Dalian Medical University, Dalian 116044, PR China
| | - Guangping Zhang
- Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100700, PR China
| | - Hong Yang
- School of Life Sciences, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, PR China.
| | - Bo Yu
- School of Life Sciences, Liaoning Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology and Drug Discovery, Liaoning Normal University, Dalian 116081, PR China.
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Burapan S, Kim M, Paisooksantivatana Y, Eser BE, Han J. Thai Curcuma Species: Antioxidant and Bioactive Compounds. Foods 2020; 9:foods9091219. [PMID: 32887356 PMCID: PMC7555267 DOI: 10.3390/foods9091219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2020] [Revised: 08/26/2020] [Accepted: 09/01/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
For the functional food applications, antioxidant properties and the bioactive compounds of the 23 Curcuma species commercially cultivated in Thailand were studied. Total phenolic content and DPPH radical scavenging activity were determined. The concentrations of eight bioactive compounds, including curcumin (1), demethoxycurcumin (2), bisdemethoxycurcumin (3), 1,7-diphenyl-(4E,6E)-4,6-heptadien-3-ol (4), germacrone (5), furanodienone (6), zederone (7), and ar-turmerone (8), were determined from the Curcuma by HPLC. While the total phenolic content of C. longa was highest (22.3 ± 2.4 mg GAE/g, mg of gallic acid equivalents), C. Wan Na-Natong exhibited the highest DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picryl-hydrazyl-hydrate) radical scavenging activity. Twenty-three Curcuma species showed characteristic distributions of the bioactive compounds, which can be utilized for the identification and authentication of the cultivated Curcuma species. C. longa contained the highest content of curcumin (1) (304.9 ± 0.1 mg/g) and C. angustifolia contained the highest content of germacrone (5) (373.9 ± 1.1 mg/g). It was noteworthy that 1,7-diphenyl-(4E,6E)-4,6-heptadien-3-ol (4) was found only from C. comosa at a very high concentration (300.7 ± 1.4 mg/g). It was concluded that Thai Curcuma species have a great potential for the application of functional foods and ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Supawadee Burapan
- Metalloenzyme Research Group and Department of Plant Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea;
| | - Mihyang Kim
- Phytobean, AC. Ltd., Pori 2-gil 16-5, Gamcheon-myeon, Yechon 36810, Korea;
| | | | - Bekir Engin Eser
- Department of Engineering, Aarhus University, Gustav Wieds Vej 10, 8000 Aarhus, Denmark;
| | - Jaehong Han
- Metalloenzyme Research Group and Department of Plant Science and Technology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong 17546, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-31-670-4830
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Ma L, Yao L. Antiviral Effects of Plant-Derived Essential Oils and Their Components: An Updated Review. Molecules 2020; 25:molecules25112627. [PMID: 32516954 PMCID: PMC7321257 DOI: 10.3390/molecules25112627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Revised: 05/26/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
The presence of resistance to available antivirals calls for the development of novel therapeutic agents. Plant-derived essential oils may serve as alternative sources of virus-induced disease therapy. Previous studies have demonstrated essential oils to be excellent candidates to treat antiviral-resistant infection associated with their chemical complexity which confers broad-spectrum mechanisms of action and non-specific antiviral properties. However, almost no comprehensive reviews are updated to generalize knowledge in this regard and disclose the interplay between the components and their antiviral activities. This review provides an up-to-date overview of the antiviral efficacy of essential oils from a wide range of plant species and their characteristic components, as well as their overall mechanisms of action, focusing on the last decade. The roles of individual components relative to the overall antiviral efficacy of essential oils, together with the antiviral activity of essential oils in comparison with commercial drugs are also discussed. Lastly, the inadequacies in current research and future research are put forward. This review will provide references in the design of new drug prototypes and improve our understanding of the proper applications of essential oils in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Ma
- R&D Center for Aromatic Plants, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China;
- Department of Landscape Architecture, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Lei Yao
- R&D Center for Aromatic Plants, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China;
- Department of Landscape Architecture, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-138-0183-7763
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da Silva JKR, Figueiredo PLB, Byler KG, Setzer WN. Essential Oils as Antiviral Agents. Potential of Essential Oils to Treat SARS-CoV-2 Infection: An In-Silico Investigation. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3426. [PMID: 32408699 PMCID: PMC7279430 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 124] [Impact Index Per Article: 31.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2020] [Revised: 05/07/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Essential oils have shown promise as antiviral agents against several pathogenic viruses. In this work we hypothesized that essential oil components may interact with key protein targets of the 2019 severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). A molecular docking analysis was carried out using 171 essential oil components with SARS-CoV-2 main protease (SARS-CoV-2 Mpro), SARS-CoV-2 endoribonucleoase (SARS-CoV-2 Nsp15/NendoU), SARS-CoV-2 ADP-ribose-1″-phosphatase (SARS-CoV-2 ADRP), SARS-CoV-2 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (SARS-CoV-2 RdRp), the binding domain of the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein (SARS-CoV-2 rS), and human angiotensin-converting enzyme (hACE2). The compound with the best normalized docking score to SARS-CoV-2 Mpro was the sesquiterpene hydrocarbon (E)-β-farnesene. The best docking ligands for SARS-CoV Nsp15/NendoU were (E,E)-α-farnesene, (E)-β-farnesene, and (E,E)-farnesol. (E,E)-Farnesol showed the most exothermic docking to SARS-CoV-2 ADRP. Unfortunately, the docking energies of (E,E)-α-farnesene, (E)-β-farnesene, and (E,E)-farnesol with SARS-CoV-2 targets were relatively weak compared to docking energies with other proteins and are, therefore, unlikely to interact with the virus targets. However, essential oil components may act synergistically, essential oils may potentiate other antiviral agents, or they may provide some relief of COVID-19 symptoms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joyce Kelly R. da Silva
- Laboratório de Biotecnologia de Enzimas e Biotransformações, Universidade Federal do Pará, Belém PA 66075-900, Brazil;
| | - Pablo Luis Baia Figueiredo
- Departamento de Ciências Naturais, Centro de Ciências Sociais e Educação, Universidade do Estado do Pará, Belém PA 66050-540, Brazil;
| | - Kendall G. Byler
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA;
| | - William N. Setzer
- Department of Chemistry, University of Alabama in Huntsville, Huntsville, AL 35899, USA
- Aromatic Plant Research Center, 230 N 1200 E, Suite 100, Lehi, UT 84043, USA
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Germacrone protects against oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion injury by inhibiting autophagy processes in PC12 cells. BMC Complement Med Ther 2020; 20:77. [PMID: 32145743 PMCID: PMC7076837 DOI: 10.1186/s12906-020-2865-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Germacrone is an anti-inflammatory ingredient in the Chinese medicine zedoary turmeric. The purpose of this study was to explore the protective mechanism of germacrone against PC12 cells injury caused by oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R). METHODS OGD/R injury model of PC12 cells was established by using OGD/R (2 h/24 h). The cell viability was assessed by MTT assay and LDH release. The ultrastructure of cells was observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). The expression of autophagy related proteins in cells was determined by Western Blot. RESULTS The results of ultrastructural observation showed that PC12 cells damaged by OGD/R showed typical autophagy characteristics. In addition, OGD/R observably up-regulated the expression of autophagy related proteins: the class III type phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K III), light chain 3(LC3), and Beclin-1 in PC12 cells, and inhibited the expression of the class I type phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K I), Protein kinase B (Akt), the mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR), and B-cell lymphoma 2(Bcl-2) proteins. Furthermore, germacrone increased the cell viability of OGD/R-damaged PC12 cells by down-regulating the expression of LC3 protein in cells in a concentration-dependent manner. More importantly, germacrone significantly inhibited the expression of PI3K III, LC3, and Beclin-1 in OGD/R-injured PC12 cells, and up-regulated the expressionof PI3K I, Akt, mTOR, and Bcl-2 proteins in cells, and this inhibited or up-regulated effect was reversed by PI3K I inhibitor (ZSTK474). CONCLUSION The above results indicated that germacrone could inhibit the autophagy effect in OGD/R injury model of PC12 cells, the mechanism of inhibition was regulated by PI3K III/Beclin-1/Bcl-2 and PI3K I/Akt/mTOR pathways, thereby improving the cell viability of PC12 cells and playing a neuroprotective role, which provided a new drug for the treatment of OGD/R.
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An Oleanolic Acid Derivative Inhibits Hemagglutinin-Mediated Entry of Influenza A Virus. Viruses 2020; 12:v12020225. [PMID: 32085430 PMCID: PMC7077228 DOI: 10.3390/v12020225] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2019] [Revised: 01/09/2020] [Accepted: 02/14/2020] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Influenza A viruses (IAV) have been a major public health threat worldwide, and options for antiviral therapy become increasingly limited with the emergence of drug-resisting virus strains. New and effective anti-IAV drugs, especially for highly pathogenic influenza, with different modes of action, are urgently needed. The influenza virus glycoprotein hemagglutinin (HA) plays critical roles in the early stage of virus infection, including receptor binding and membrane fusion, making it a potential target for the development of anti-influenza drugs. In this study, we show that OA-10, a newly synthesized triterpene out of 11 oleanane-type derivatives, exhibited significant antiviral activity against four different subtypes of IAV (H1N1, H5N1, H9N2 and H3N2) replications in A549 cell cultures with EC50 ranging from 6.7 to 19.6 μM and a negligible cytotoxicity (CC50 > 640 μM). It inhibited acid-induced hemolysis in a dose-dependent manner, with an IC50 of 26 µM, and had a weak inhibition on the adsorption of H5 HA to chicken erythrocytes at higher concentrations (≥40 µM). Surface plasmon resonance (SPR) analysis showed that OA-10 interacted with HA in a dose-dependent manner with the equilibrium dissociation constants (KD) of the interaction of 2.98 × 10-12 M. Computer-aided molecular docking analysis suggested that OA-10 might bind to the cavity in HA stem region which is known to undergo significant rearrangement during membrane fusion. Our results demonstrate that OA-10 inhibits H5N1 IAV replication mainly by blocking the conformational changes of HA2 subunit required for virus fusion with endosomal membrane. These findings suggest that OA-10 could serve as a lead for further development of novel virus entry inhibitors to prevent and treat IAV infections.
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Li L, Xie Q, Bian G, Zhang B, Wang M, Wang Y, Chen Z, Li Y. Anti-H1N1 viral activity of three main active ingredients from zedoary oil. Fitoterapia 2020; 142:104489. [PMID: 32004654 DOI: 10.1016/j.fitote.2020.104489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2019] [Revised: 01/23/2020] [Accepted: 01/27/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Influenza virus is one of the most widespread infectious diseases in the world. It poses a serious public health threat to humans. With the emergence of drug-resistant virus strains, antiviral drugs are urgently needed to control virus transmission and disease progression. In this study, three main active substances-curcumol, curdione and germacrone-were isolated from the traditional Chinese medicine zedoary. They inhibited the replication of influenza A (H1N1) virus in a dose-dependent manner. After treatment with these compounds, the expression of viral protein and RNA synthesis were inhibited. In vivo, these compounds also reduced H1N1-induced lung damage and the load of virus in serum as well as whole blood cells. In a proteomic analysis, after treatment with germacrone, the expression of antiviral protein and the amount of intracellular virus were significantly reduced, further proving that germacrone can inhibit viral replication. Our experiments have shown that curcumol, curdione and germacrone can inhibit the replication of H1N1 virus; in particular, germacrone shows potential both in vitro and in vivo as a therapeutic drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Li
- School of Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Qing Xie
- School of Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Gang Bian
- School of Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Biyan Zhang
- School of Basic Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengfei Wang
- School of Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Yanping Wang
- School of Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China
| | - Zijun Chen
- School of Basic Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China.
| | - Yunsen Li
- School of Institutes of Biology and Medical Sciences, Soochow University, Suzhou, China.
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He W, Zhai X, Su J, Ye R, Zheng Y, Su S. Antiviral Activity of Germacrone against Pseudorabies Virus in Vitro. Pathogens 2019; 8:pathogens8040258. [PMID: 31766701 PMCID: PMC6963304 DOI: 10.3390/pathogens8040258] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2019] [Revised: 11/18/2019] [Accepted: 11/19/2019] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Pseudorabies virus (PRV), a member of the Herpesviridae, is the causative agent of an acute infectious disease in a variety of animals. The emergence of a novel variant strain brought huge economic losses to the pig industry since classical vaccine strains were not completely effective against variant strains. Therefore, the development of new anti-pseudorabies virus drugs and vaccines is of great significance for the treatment and prevention of pseudorabies. In this study, we found that germacrone, one of the major components of the essential oils extracted from Rhizoma Curcuma, was able to effectively inhibit PRV replication in a dose-dependent manner in vitro. Germacrone showed antiviral activity against PRV in the early phase of the viral replication cycle. Moreover, we found that germacrone does not directly kill the virus, nor does it affect the expression of the PRV receptor protein nectin-1, nectin-2, and CD155. Our results suggest germacrone could be used as an efficient microbicide or immunomodulatory agent in the control of the emerging variant PRV.
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Hou X, Cao B, He Y, Guo T, Li Z, Liu Y, Zhang Y, Feng N. Improved self-assembled micelles based on supercritical fluid technology as a novel oral delivery system for enhancing germacrone oral bioavailability. Int J Pharm 2019; 569:118586. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpharm.2019.118586] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Revised: 07/27/2019] [Accepted: 07/31/2019] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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Rinkel J, Dickschat JS. Addressing the Chemistry of Germacrene A by Isotope Labeling Experiments. Org Lett 2019; 21:2426-2429. [PMID: 30859837 DOI: 10.1021/acs.orglett.9b00725] [Citation(s) in RCA: 65] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Despite the central role of germacrene A in sesquiterpene biosynthesis and its widespread occurrence in nature, its complete NMR characterization is still pending. This problem was solved through enzymatic preparation of germacrene A isotopomers that allowed for a full signal assignment to all three conformers. The obtained materials gave insights into the stereochemical course of the Cope rearrangement to β-elemene and uncovered the Cope rearrangement as a new EI-MS fragmentation reaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Rinkel
- Kekulé-Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Bonn , Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1 , 53121 Bonn , Germany
| | - Jeroen S Dickschat
- Kekulé-Institute for Organic Chemistry and Biochemistry , University of Bonn , Gerhard-Domagk-Str. 1 , 53121 Bonn , Germany
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Chenodeoxycholic Acid from Bile Inhibits Influenza A Virus Replication via Blocking Nuclear Export of Viral Ribonucleoprotein Complexes. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23123315. [PMID: 30558117 PMCID: PMC6321071 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23123315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2018] [Revised: 12/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/12/2018] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Influenza A virus (IAV) infection is still a major global threat for humans, especially for the risk groups: young children and the elderly. The currently licensed antiviral drugs target viral factors and are prone to viral resistance. In recent years, a few endogenous small molecules from host, such as estradiol and omega-3 polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFA)-derived lipid mediator protection D1 (PD1), were demonstrated to be capable of inhibiting IAV infection. Chenodeoxycholic acid (CDCA), one of the main primary bile acids, is synthesized from cholesterol in the liver and classically functions in emulsification and absorption of dietary fats. Clinically, CDCA has been used in the treatment of patients with cholesterol gallstones for more than five decades. In this study, we showed that CDCA attenuated the replication of three subtypes of influenza A virus, including a highly pathogenic H5N1 strain, in A549 and MDCK cell cultures with IC50 ranging from 5.5 to 11.5 μM. Mechanistically, CDCA effectively restrained the nuclear export of viral ribonucleoprotein (vRNP) complexes. In conclusion, as an endogenous physiological small molecule, CDCA can inhibit IAV replication in vitro, at least in part, by blocking vRNP nuclear export, and affords further studies for development as a potential antiviral agent against IAV infections.
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Sun W, Wang S, Zhao W, Wu C, Guo S, Gao H, Tao H, Lu J, Wang Y, Chen X. Chemical constituents and biological research on plants in the genus Curcuma. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 57:1451-1523. [PMID: 27229295 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2016.1176554] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Curcuma, a valuable genus in the family Zingiberaceae, includes approximately 110 species. These plants are native to Southeast Asia and are extensively cultivated in India, China, Sri Lanka, Indonesia, Peru, Australia, and the West Indies. The plants have long been used in folk medicine to treat stomach ailments, stimulate digestion, and protect the digestive organs, including the intestines, stomach, and liver. In recent years, substantial progress has been achieved in investigations regarding the chemical and pharmacological properties, as well as in clinical trials of certain Curcuma species. This review comprehensively summarizes the current knowledge on the chemistry and briefly discusses the biological activities of Curcuma species. A total of 720 compounds, including 102 diphenylalkanoids, 19 phenylpropene derivatives, 529 terpenoids, 15 flavonoids, 7 steroids, 3 alkaloids, and 44 compounds of other types isolated or identified from 32 species, have been phytochemically investigated. The biological activities of plant extracts and pure compounds are classified into 15 groups in detail, with emphasis on anti-inflammatory and antitumor activities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Sun
- a State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau , Macao , China
| | - Sheng Wang
- b State Key Laboratory Breeding Base of Dao-di Herbs, National Resource Center for Chinese Materia Medica, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences , Beijing , China
| | - Wenwen Zhao
- a State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau , Macao , China
| | - Chuanhong Wu
- a State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau , Macao , China
| | - Shuhui Guo
- a State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau , Macao , China
| | - Hongwei Gao
- a State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau , Macao , China
| | - Hongxun Tao
- a State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau , Macao , China
| | - Jinjian Lu
- a State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau , Macao , China
| | - Yitao Wang
- a State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau , Macao , China
| | - Xiuping Chen
- a State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau , Macao , China
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Peng MH, Dai WP, Liu SJ, Yu LW, Wu YN, Liu R, Chen XL, Lai XP, Li X, Zhao ZX, Li G. Bioactive glycosides from the roots of Ilex asprella. PHARMACEUTICAL BIOLOGY 2016; 54:2127-34. [PMID: 26957139 DOI: 10.3109/13880209.2016.1146779] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Context The roots of Ilex asprella (Hook. et Arn.) Champ. ex Benth. (Aquifoliaceae) are widely used in Chinese medicine to treat influenza, amygdalitis, pertussis, etc. Their mechanism of action is still unknown, which raises the need to identify new bioactive compounds in this plant. Objective In this study, we isolated a novel saponin containing sulphonic groups, namely, asprellcoside A (1) and a known phenolic glycoside compound (2) from the roots of Ilex asprella and evaluated their bioactivities. Materials and methods Molecular structures were elucidated by analysing their spectral and chemical properties. The viability of A549 cells was tested using a MTT assay. Ability of the compounds to inhibit viruses was determined using the neuraminidase activity assay. Their anti-inflammatory effects were tested using the IP-10 activity assay using various concentrations (compound 1: 0.6, 0.2, 0.6, 1.70, 5.00 and 15.00 μM; compound 2: 0.4, 1.2, 3.6, 11.0, 33.0 and 100 μM). Their inhibitory effect on platelet aggregation induced by adenosine diphosphate (ADP) in rabbit plasma was determined at 60 and 80 μM. Results Both compounds inhibit influenza virus strain A/PuertoRico/8/1934 (H1N1) strongly with EC50 values of 4.1 and 1.7 μM, respectively. Both compounds inhibit the secretion of IP-10 with EC50 values of 6.6 and 2.5 μM, respectively. Compound 1 alone inhibited platelet aggregation significantly, with the rate of suppression being 47 ± 8 and 38 ± 3%, at 60 and 80 μM, respectively. Conclusions The results suggest that both compounds may be valid therapeutics against influenza virus infection and that compound 1 may be a novel agent for treating thrombosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min-Hua Peng
- a Department of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou , China
| | - Wei-Ping Dai
- a Department of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou , China
| | - Si-Jun Liu
- a Department of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou , China
| | - Liang-Wen Yu
- a Department of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou , China
| | - Yi-Na Wu
- a Department of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou , China
| | - Rui Liu
- b Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan , China
| | - Xu-Lin Chen
- b Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences , Wuhan , China
| | - Xiao-Ping Lai
- a Department of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou , China
| | - Xiong Li
- c The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou , China
| | - Zhong-Xiang Zhao
- a Department of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou , China
| | - Geng Li
- a Department of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine , Guangzhou , China
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Qu XY, Li QJ, Zhang HM, Zhang XJ, Shi PH, Zhang XJ, Yang J, Zhou Z, Wang SQ. Protective effects of phillyrin against influenza A virus in vivo. Arch Pharm Res 2016; 39:998-1005. [PMID: 27323762 DOI: 10.1007/s12272-016-0775-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2015] [Accepted: 06/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Influenza A virus infection represents a great threat to public health. However, owing to side effects and the emergence of resistant virus strains, the use of currently available anti-influenza drugs may be limited. In order to identify novel anti-influenza drugs, we investigated the antiviral effects of phillyrin against influenza A virus infection in vivo. The mean survival time, lung index, viral titers, influenza hemagglutinin (HA) protein and serum cytokines levels, and histopathological changes in lung tissue were examined. Administration of phillyrin at a dose of 20 mg/kg/day for 3 days significantly prolonged the mean survival time, reduced the lung index, decreased the virus titers and interleukin-6 levels, reduced the expression of HA, and attenuated lung tissue damage in mice infected with influenza A virus. Taken together, these data showed that phillyrin had potential protective effects against infection caused by influenza A virus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin-Yan Qu
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27 Taiping Road, Haidian District, 100850, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Qing-Jun Li
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27 Taiping Road, Haidian District, 100850, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Hui-Min Zhang
- Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan, Shandong, 250355, China
| | - Xiao-Juan Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27 Taiping Road, Haidian District, 100850, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Peng-Hui Shi
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27 Taiping Road, Haidian District, 100850, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiu-Juan Zhang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27 Taiping Road, Haidian District, 100850, Beijing, People's Republic of China
| | - Jing Yang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27 Taiping Road, Haidian District, 100850, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Zhe Zhou
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27 Taiping Road, Haidian District, 100850, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
| | - Sheng-Qi Wang
- Beijing Institute of Radiation Medicine, 27 Taiping Road, Haidian District, 100850, Beijing, People's Republic of China.
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Feng J, Bai X, Cui T, Zhou H, Chen Y, Xie J, Shi Q, Wang H, Zhang G. In Vitro Antiviral Activity of Germacrone Against Porcine Reproductive and Respiratory Syndrome Virus. Curr Microbiol 2016; 73:317-323. [PMID: 27178541 DOI: 10.1007/s00284-016-1042-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2015] [Accepted: 03/08/2016] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRS) is one of the most serious diseases affecting the swine industry worldwide; however, there is no efficient control strategies against PRRSV at present. Therefore, development of new antiviral treatment strategies is urgently needed. As reported, germacrone can efficiently impair influenza virus replication. In this study, we exploited whether germacrone has the potential to inhibit PRRSV infection. Our results showed that the germacrone significantly inhibited replication of PRRSV in vitro and repressed the synthesis of viral RNA and protein. However, it did not block PRRSV binding and entry. Further studies confirmed that germacrone impaired PRRSV replication at an early stage, and inhibited infection of both classic and highly pathogenic type II PRRSV strains. Collectively, our findings imply that the germacrone has the potential to be used as an anti-PRRSV drug.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaping Feng
- College of Veterinary and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Xiaolei Bai
- College of Veterinary and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Tiantian Cui
- College of Veterinary and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Han Zhou
- College of Veterinary and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yao Chen
- College of Veterinary and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jiexiong Xie
- College of Veterinary and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Qingwei Shi
- College of Veterinary and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Heng Wang
- College of Veterinary and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China
| | - Guihong Zhang
- College of Veterinary and National Engineering Research Center for Breeding Swine Industry, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou, China. .,Key Laboratory of Zoonosis Prevention and Control of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou, China.
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Wu H, Liu Y, Zu S, Sun X, Liu C, Liu D, Zhang X, Tian J, Qu L. In vitro antiviral effect of germacrone on feline calicivirus. Arch Virol 2016; 161:1559-67. [PMID: 26997613 PMCID: PMC7087046 DOI: 10.1007/s00705-016-2825-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2015] [Accepted: 03/10/2016] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Feline calicivirus (FCV) often causes respiratory tract and oral disease in cats and is a highly contagious virus. Widespread vaccination does not prevent the spread of FCV. Furthermore, the low fidelity of the RNA-dependent RNA polymerase of FCV leads to the emergence of new variants, some of which show increased virulence. Currently, few effective anti-FCV drugs are available. Here, we found that germacrone, one of the main constituents of volatile oil from rhizoma curcuma, was able to effectively reduce the growth of FCV strain F9 in vitro. This compound exhibited a strong anti-FCV effect mainly in the early phase of the viral life cycle. The antiviral effect depended on the concentration of the drug. In addition, germacrone treatment had a significant inhibitory effect against two other reference strains, 2280 and Bolin, and resulted in a significant reduction in the replication of strains WZ-1 and HRB-SS, which were recently isolated in China. This is the first report of antiviral effects of germacrone against a calicivirus, and extensive in vivo research is needed to evaluate this drug as an antiviral therapeutic agent for FCV.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongxia Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 427 Maduan Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001 People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongxiang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 427 Maduan Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001 People’s Republic of China
| | - Shaopo Zu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 427 Maduan Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001 People’s Republic of China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Xue Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 427 Maduan Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001 People’s Republic of China
- College of Veterinary Medicine, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, People’s Republic of China
| | - Chunguo Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 427 Maduan Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001 People’s Republic of China
| | - Dafei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 427 Maduan Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001 People’s Republic of China
| | - Xiaozhan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 427 Maduan Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001 People’s Republic of China
| | - Jin Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 427 Maduan Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001 People’s Republic of China
| | - Liandong Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology, Harbin Veterinary Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, 427 Maduan Street, Nangang District, Harbin, 150001 People’s Republic of China
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Xu GL, Geng D, Xie M, Teng KY, Tian YX, Liu ZZ, Yan C, Wang Y, Zhang X, Song Y, Yang Y, She GM. Chemical Composition, Antioxidative and Anticancer Activities of the Essential Oil: Curcumae Rhizoma-Sparganii Rhizoma, a Traditional Herb Pair. Molecules 2015; 20:15781-96. [PMID: 26343630 PMCID: PMC6332236 DOI: 10.3390/molecules200915781] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2015] [Revised: 08/20/2015] [Accepted: 08/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
As a classical herb pair in clinics of traditional Chinese medicine, Curcumae Rhizoma-Sparganii Rhizoma (HP CR-SR) is used for activating blood circulation to remove blood stasis. The essential components in HP CR-SR and its single herbs were comparatively analyzed using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry data. 66, 22, and 54 components in volatile oils of Curcumae Rhizoma, Sparganii Rhizoma, and HP CR-SR were identified, and total contents accounted for 75.416%, 91.857%, and 79.553% respectively. The thirty-eight components were found in HP CR-SR, and not detected in single herbs Curcumae Rhizoma and Sparganii Rhizoma. The highest radical trapping action was seen by an essential oil of HP CR-SR (IC50 = 0.59 ± 0.04 mg/mL). Furthermore, the HP CR-SR essential oil showed more remarkable cytotoxicity on tumor cell lines than that of the single herbs Curcumae Rhizoma and Sparganii Rhizoma in a dose-dependent manner: IC50 values showing 32.32 ± 5.31 μg/mL (HeLa), 34.76 ± 1.82 μg/mL (BGC823), 74.84 ± 1.66 μg/mL (MCF-7), 66.12 ± 11.23 μg/mL (SKOV3), and 708.24 ± 943.91 μg/mL (A549), respectively. In summary, the essential oil of HP CR-SR is different from any one of Curcumae Rhizoma and Sparganii Rhizoma, nor simply their superposition, and HP CR-SR oil presented more remarkable anticancer and antioxidant activities compared with Curcumae Rhizoma and Sparganii Rhizoma oils.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guan-Ling Xu
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Di Geng
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Meng Xie
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Kai-Yue Teng
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Yu-Xin Tian
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Zi-Zhen Liu
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Cheng Yan
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Yan Wang
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Xia Zhang
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Yan Song
- Pharmacy College, Ningxia Medical University, Ningxia 750021, China.
| | - Yue Yang
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
| | - Gai-Mei She
- School of Chinese Pharmacy, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100102, China.
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Liu R, An L, Liu G, Li X, Tang W, Chen X. Mouse lung slices: An ex vivo model for the evaluation of antiviral and anti-inflammatory agents against influenza viruses. Antiviral Res 2015; 120:101-11. [PMID: 26022197 PMCID: PMC7125926 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2015.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2015] [Revised: 05/21/2015] [Accepted: 05/25/2015] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Mouse lung slices stay alive for at least 5 days ex vivo. Influenza viruses can replicate in mouse lung slices and trigger robust cytokine and chemokine responses. A positive correlation in cytokine and chemokine responses between ex vivo and in vivo exists. Neuraminidase and IP-10 can serve as readouts for antiviral and anti-inflammation activities, respectively. This ex vivo model may predict efficacy of drug candidates in antiviral and anti-inflammation activities in vivo.
The influenza A virus is notoriously known for its ability to cause recurrent epidemics and global pandemics. Antiviral therapy is effective when treatment is initiated within 48 h of symptom onset, and delaying treatment beyond this time frame is associated with decreased efficacy. Research on anti-inflammatory therapy to ameliorate influenza-induced inflammation is currently underway and seems important to the impact on the clinical outcome. Both antiviral and anti-inflammatory drugs with novel mechanisms of action are urgently needed. Current methods for evaluating the efficacy of anti-influenza drugs rely mostly on transformed cells and animals. Transformed cell models are distantly related to physiological and pathological conditions. Although animals are the best choices for preclinical drug testing, they are not time- or cost-efficient. In this study, we established an ex vivo model using mouse lung slices to evaluate both antiviral and anti-inflammatory agents against influenza virus infection. Both influenza virus PR8 (H1N1) and A/Human/Hubei/3/2005 (H3N2) can replicate efficiently in mouse lung slices and trigger significant cytokine and chemokine responses. The induction of selected cytokines and chemokines were found to have a positive correlation between ex vivo and in vivo experiments, suggesting that the ex vivo cultured lung slices may closely resemble the lung functionally in an in vivo configuration when challenged by influenza virus. Furthermore, a set of agents with known antiviral and/or anti-inflammatory activities were tested to validate the ex vivo model. Our results suggested that mouse lung slices provide a robust, convenient and cost-efficient model for the assessment of both antiviral and anti-inflammatory agents against influenza virus infection in one assay. This ex vivo model may predict the efficacy of drug candidates’ antiviral and anti-inflammatory activities in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 43001, Hubei, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Liwei An
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 43001, Hubei, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China; Department of Anatomy, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China(1)
| | - Ge Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 43001, Hubei, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Xiaoyu Li
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 43001, Hubei, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Wei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 43001, Hubei, China
| | - Xulin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 43001, Hubei, China; University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China.
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Chen Y, Dong Y, Jiao Y, Hou L, Shi Y, Gu T, Zhou P, Shi Z, Xu L, Wang C. In vitro antiviral activity of germacrone against porcine parvovirus. Arch Virol 2015; 160:1415-20. [DOI: 10.1007/s00705-015-2393-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2014] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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43
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An L, Liu R, Tang W, Wu JG, Chen X. Screening and identification of inhibitors against influenza A virus from a US drug collection of 1280 drugs. Antiviral Res 2014; 109:54-63. [PMID: 24971493 DOI: 10.1016/j.antiviral.2014.06.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2014] [Revised: 05/31/2014] [Accepted: 06/13/2014] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Infection with influenza A virus is still a global concern since it causes significant mortality, morbidity and economic loss. New burst pandemics and rapid emergence of drug-resistance strains in recent years call for novel antiviral therapies. One promising way to overcome this problem is searching new inhibitors among thousands of drugs approved in the clinic for the treatment of different diseases or approved to be safe by clinical trials. In the present work, a collection of 1280 compounds, most of which have been clinically used in human or animal, were screened for anti-influenza activity and 41 hits (SI>4.0) were obtained. Next the 18 hit compounds with SI >10.0 were tested for antiviral activity against 7 other influenza virus strains in canine-originated MDCK cells, 9 compounds exhibited broad antiviral spectrum. The antiviral effects of the 9 compounds were also confirmed in human-originated A549 cells and chicken-originated DF1 cells, by infectious virus yield reduction assay and indirect immunofluorescent assay. Results from the time of addition assay showed that the 9 candidates impaired different stages of influenza virus life cycle, indicating they are novel inhibitors with different mechanisms compared with the existing M2 ion-channel blockers or neuraminidase (NA) inhibitors. Taken together, our findings provide 9 novel drug candidates for the treatment of influenza virus infection. Further mechanism of action study of these inhibitors may lead to the discovery of new anti-influenza targets and structure-activity relationship (SAR) study can be initiated to improve the efficacy of these new classes of influenza inhibitors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liwei An
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academic of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Rui Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academic of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Wei Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academic of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Jian-Guo Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China
| | - Xulin Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Virology, Wuhan Institute of Virology, Chinese Academic of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430071, China.
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Rajasekaran D, Palombo EA, Yeo TC, Ley DLS, Tu CL, Malherbe F, Grollo L. Evidence of Synergistic Activity of Medicinal Plant Extracts against Neuraminidase Inhibitor Resistant Strains of Influenza Viruses. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.4236/aim.2014.416136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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