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Schmitz K, Jimenez ME, Corman H, Noonan K, Reichman NE. Paternal depression in the postpartum year and children's behaviors at age 5 in an urban U.S. birth cohort. PLoS One 2024; 19:e0300018. [PMID: 38635660 PMCID: PMC11025738 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0300018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To investigate associations between postpartum depression in fathers and children's behaviors at age 5 in a national high-risk U.S. sample. STUDY DESIGN A secondary data analysis of 1,796 children in a national birth cohort study that oversampled non-marital births was conducted. Paternal depression was assessed 1 year after the child was born and children's behaviors were assessed by their primary caregivers when the children were 5 years old. Unadjusted and adjusted negative binomial regression models of associations between paternal depression and child behavior scores and logistic regression models of associations between paternal depression and high scores (at least 1.5 or 2.0 standard deviations above the mean) were estimated. RESULTS In negative binomial regression models that adjusted for child, paternal, and family characteristics and maternal depression, paternal depression was associated with a 17% higher total externalizing behavior score (Incidence Rate Ratio (IRR): 1.17; 95% Confidence Interval (CI): 1.07-1.27), a 17% higher aggressive subscale score (IRR: 1.17; 95% CI: 1.08-1.27), and an 18% higher delinquent subscale score (IRR: 1.18; 95% CI: 1.03-1.35). In adjusted logistic regression models for scores ≥2.0 standard deviations above the mean, paternal depression was associated with high total externalizing scores (e.g., Odds Ratio (OR): 3.09; 95% CI: 1.77-5.41), high aggressive behavior scores (OR: 2.40; 95% CI: 1.30-4.43), and high delinquent behavior scores (OR: 2.08; 95% CI: 1.01-4.27). There were suggestive but non-robust associations between paternal depression and attention problems and no associations between paternal depression and internalizing behaviors or social problems. CONCLUSION Fathers' depression at age 1 was associated with children's externalizing behaviors at age 5, an important developmental stage when children transition to school. These findings suggest a need to identify and support fathers with depressive symptoms to promote optimal child development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristine Schmitz
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Population Health, Quality and Implementation, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Manuel E. Jimenez
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Population Health, Quality and Implementation, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Hope Corman
- Department of Economics, Rider University, Lawrenceville, New Jersey, United States of America
- National Bureau of Economic Research, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Kelly Noonan
- Department of Economics, Princeton University, Princeton, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Nancy E. Reichman
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Population Health, Quality and Implementation, Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
- Child Health Institute of New Jersey, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, New Jersey, United States of America
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Romaniuk A, Ward M, Henrikson B, Cochrane K, Theule J. Family Quality of Life Perceived by Mothers of Children with ASD and ADHD. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2024; 55:510-519. [PMID: 36074211 PMCID: PMC9452860 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-022-01422-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 06/07/2022] [Accepted: 08/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022]
Abstract
Existing research has compared Family Quality of Life (FQOL) in autism spectrum disorder (ASD) populations and typically developing populations but has not yet explored differences in FQOL across ASD, attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), and comorbid ASD and ADHD populations (ASD + ADHD). In the present study, 117 North American mothers of 92 sons and 25 daughters (ages 6-11) with ASD, ADHD, or ASD + ADHD completed an online survey exploring FQOL. An ANOVA failed to show group differences in overall FQOL, however, mothers of children with ASD + ADHD reported significantly lower family Emotional Well-being than mothers of children with ASD only. The results of this study provide insight into FQOL in families of children with ASD and/or ADHD. Greater research is needed in this area to understand how mothers of children with ASD, ADHD, or ASD + ADHD experience FQOL. The COVID-19 pandemic, which ran concurrent with this study, potentially influenced results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alyssa Romaniuk
- Department of Psychology, University of Manitoba, P439 Duff Roblin Building, 190 Dysart Road, R3T 2N2, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada.
| | - Michelle Ward
- Department of Psychology, University of Manitoba, P439 Duff Roblin Building, 190 Dysart Road, R3T 2N2, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Brenna Henrikson
- Department of Psychology, University of Manitoba, P439 Duff Roblin Building, 190 Dysart Road, R3T 2N2, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Karis Cochrane
- Department of Psychology, University of Manitoba, P439 Duff Roblin Building, 190 Dysart Road, R3T 2N2, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
| | - Jennifer Theule
- Department of Psychology, University of Manitoba, P439 Duff Roblin Building, 190 Dysart Road, R3T 2N2, Winnipeg, Manitoba, Canada
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3
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Saarinen A, Keltikangas-Järvinen L, Dobewall H, Sormunen E, Lehtimäki T, Kähönen M, Raitakari O, Hietala J. Childhood family environment predicting psychotic disorders over a 37-year follow-up - A general population cohort study. Schizophr Res 2023; 258:9-17. [PMID: 37392583 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2023.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 09/07/2022] [Accepted: 06/19/2023] [Indexed: 07/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Childhood adverse effects and traumatic experiences increase the risk for several psychiatric disorders. We now investigated whether prospectively assessed childhood family environment per se contributes to increased risk for psychotic disorders in adulthood, and whether these family patterns are also relevant in the development of affective disorders. METHODS We used the Young Finns Data (n = 3502). Childhood family environment was assessed in 1980/1983 with previously constructed risk scores: (1) disadvantageous emotional family atmosphere (parenting practices, parents' life satisfaction, parents' mental disorder, parents' alcohol intoxication), (2) adverse socioeconomic environment (overcrowded apartment, home income, parent's employment, occupational status, educational level), and (3) stress-prone life events (home movement, school change, parental divorce, death, or hospitalization, and child's hospitalization). Psychiatric diagnoses (ICD-10 classification) over the lifespan were collected up to 2017 from the national registry of hospital care. Non-affective psychotic disorder and affective disorder groups were formed. RESULTS Frequent stress-prone life events predicted higher likelihood of non-affective psychotic disorders (OR = 2.401, p = 0.001). Adverse socioeconomic environment or emotional family atmosphere did not predict psychotic disorders. Only disadvantageous emotional family atmosphere predicted modestly higher likelihood of affective disorders (OR = 1.583, p = 0.013). CONCLUSIONS Our results suggest that childhood family environment and atmosphere patterns as such contribute to the risk for developing adulthood mental disorders with relative disorder specificity. The results emphasize the importance of both individual and public health preventive initiatives, including family support interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aino Saarinen
- Department of Psychology and Logopedics, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Finland
| | | | | | - Elina Sormunen
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Terho Lehtimäki
- Department of Clinical Chemistry, Fimlab Laboratories, Tampere, Finland; Department of Clinical Chemistry, Finnish Cardiovascular Research Center - Tampere, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Finland
| | - Mika Kähönen
- Department of Clinical Physiology, Tampere University Hospital, Faculty of Medicine and Health Technology, Tampere University, Tampere, Finland
| | - Olli Raitakari
- Centre for Population Health Research, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland; Research Centre of Applied and Preventive Cardiovascular Medicine, University of Turku, Turku, Finland; Department of Clinical Physiology and Nuclear Medicine, Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland
| | - Jarmo Hietala
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Turku and Turku University Hospital, Turku, Finland.
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4
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Unraveling the Bidirectional Associations between Parental Knowledge and Children's Externalizing Behavior. J Youth Adolesc 2023; 52:794-809. [PMID: 36790650 PMCID: PMC9957859 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-023-01743-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 02/16/2023]
Abstract
Although within- and between-family bidirectional associations between parental knowledge and children's externalizing behavior have been theoretically proposed, studies that unravel these associations simultaneously remain scarce. This study examined these bidirectional associations within and between German families. 3611 families participated across one-year intervals between children ages 8 to 15 (50.6% boys, 34.5% fathers, 89.0% German-born, Mwaves = 3.63, SDwaves = 2.00). Random intercept cross-lagged panel models (RI-CLPM) with linear slopes revealed negative between-family associations between parental knowledge and children's externalizing behavior, and a negative association between the random linear slopes. Generally, no within-family cross-lagged effects were found, but there were some correlated slopes across families. When teasing apart paternal and maternal knowledge, father-driven but not mother-driven lagged effects of increased knowledge predicting decreased externalizing behavior were found. The findings illustrate the importance of fathers' knowledge and new directions for within-family studies of parent-child interactions.
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5
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Ruiz‐Ortiz R, Braza P, Carreras R, Muñoz JM. Does surgency moderate the relationship between parenting and children's aggression in middle childhood? INFANT AND CHILD DEVELOPMENT 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/icd.2391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Rosa Ruiz‐Ortiz
- Department of Psychology University of Cadiz. Avda Puerto Real Spain
| | - Paloma Braza
- Department of Psychology University of Cadiz. Avda Puerto Real Spain
| | - Rosario Carreras
- Department of Psychology University of Cadiz. Avda Puerto Real Spain
| | - José Manuel Muñoz
- Department of Psychology University of Cadiz. Avda Puerto Real Spain
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Wiggers M, Paas F. Harsh Physical Discipline and Externalizing Behaviors in Children: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:14385. [PMID: 36361265 PMCID: PMC9656315 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192114385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/01/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
There is growing debate in the parenting literature as to whether using physical punishment to discipline children is an effective strategy or leads to the development of aggressive behaviors and other antisocial attributes. The aim of the current literature review is to examine the association between harsh physical discipline and the development of externalizing behaviors in children, as well as the suggested moderators of this relationship. Secondly, the findings regarding the effects of harsh physical discipline on children's educational outcomes are reviewed. Articles were selected from relevant databases while maintaining an inclusion and exclusion criteria, with a total of 22 articles included in this review. Strong associations between parental corporal punishment and a range of child behaviors were indicated by the literature, and cultural normativeness was implicated as a moderator of these effects. Results regarding the role of parental warmth as a moderator did not provide a firm conclusion. Finally, the findings suggest that when a child is subjected to physical discipline in the home, their life at school may be adversely affected by impaired cognitive performance, peer isolation, and behavioral problems. The primary limitation of the studies reviewed is the use of self-report data and correlational analyses, ruling out the possibility of inferring causal relations. Nonetheless, the results indicate the necessity of encouraging parents and caregivers to avoid physical punishment as a disciplinary tactic while providing them with the tools to explore alternative practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marthe Wiggers
- Department of Psychology, Education & Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, 3062 PA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Fred Paas
- Department of Psychology, Education & Child Studies, Erasmus University Rotterdam, 3062 PA Rotterdam, The Netherlands
- School of Education/Early Start, University of Wollongong, Keiraville, NSW 2522, Australia
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7
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Ostrov JM, Murray-Close D, Perry KJ, Perhamus GR, Memba GV, Rice DR, Nowalis S. Parenting and Adjustment Problems among Preschoolers during COVID-19. JOURNAL OF CHILD AND FAMILY STUDIES 2022; 32:93-109. [PMID: 36157198 PMCID: PMC9488881 DOI: 10.1007/s10826-022-02439-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A critical area of developmental science explores factors that confer risk or protection as young children and their families experience stressful circumstances related to sociohistorical events. This study contributes to this important area by assessing relations between family context and child adjustment as children transitioned from preschool to home learning during COVID-19, and whether children higher in stress levels, indexed by morning basal cortisol, were more strongly affected. Parents of 74 children (M age = 53.56 months, SD age = 3.68 months) completed reports spanning the home learning transition; children's pre-COVID-19 transition salivary cortisol levels were assessed. Path analyses were used to test the preregistered study aims. Significant interactions were decomposed using simple slopes and Preacher's Regions of Significance (ROS) method. Across the COVID-19 transition to home-based school, children with higher morning basal cortisol experienced the sharpest increase in anger when exposed to harsh/inconsistent parenting contexts. Importantly, these effects held when controlling for household chaos, socioeconomic resources, and supportive parenting. Parallel models with supportive parenting were also tested and are discussed. This study is one of the first to test and provide support for biological sensitivity to context theory within the context of a natural experiment like COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie M. Ostrov
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA
| | - Dianna Murray-Close
- Department of Psychological Science, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT USA
| | - Kristin J. Perry
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA
| | - Gretchen R. Perhamus
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA
| | - Gabriela V. Memba
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA
| | - Danielle R. Rice
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA
| | - Sarah Nowalis
- Department of Psychology, University at Buffalo, The State University of New York, Buffalo, NY 14260 USA
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8
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Savell SM, Womack SR, Wilson MN, Lemery-Chalfant K, Shaw DS. Indirect Associations between Middle-Childhood Externalizing Behaviors and Adolescent Substance Use through Late-Childhood Exposure to Violence. J Youth Adolesc 2022; 51:628-642. [PMID: 35107744 PMCID: PMC8994499 DOI: 10.1007/s10964-022-01575-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2022] [Accepted: 01/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Longitudinal research to understand individual risk factors in childhood associated with exposure to violence and substance use is needed to inform prevention efforts. The present study tested indirect associations between age 8.5 externalizing behaviors and age 16 substance use through age 9.5 violence victimization and witnessing. Participants were 650 racially diverse (48.6% European American, 28.1% African American, 13.3% multiracial, and 10.0% other), predominantly socioeconomically disadvantaged youth (49% female). Externalizing behaviors were associated with higher levels of violence victimization and witnessing. The indirect path from externalizing behaviors to substance use was significant through victimization but not witnessing violence. Interventions aimed at reducing early externalizing behaviors may reduce risk for violence victimization, which may, in turn, reduce risk for adolescent substance use.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shannon M Savell
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA.
| | - Sean R Womack
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | - Melvin N Wilson
- Department of Psychology, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, USA
| | | | - Daniel S Shaw
- Department of Psychology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, USA
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9
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Li J, Wang M, Liu X, Zhang H. Developmental Cascades of Preschoolers' Effortful Control, Externalizing Behaviors, and Parental Corporal Punishment in China. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2022; 37:NP1322-NP1347. [PMID: 32524883 DOI: 10.1177/0886260520927498] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
This research examined the interrelations among children's effortful control, externalizing behaviors, and parental corporal punishment in China. Two hundred and five father-mother dyads of preschoolers (initial Mage = 3.73 years, 50% boys) completed measures of children's effortful control, externalizing behaviors, and parental corporal punishment at three time points with 1-year intervals in between. In developmental cascade models, only unidirectional direct relations between variables were found: preschoolers' effortful control negatively predicted externalizing behaviors a year later, and preschoolers' externalizing behaviors positively predicted maternal and paternal corporal punishment a year later. Moreover, although no direct relations between preschoolers' effortful control and parental corporal punishment were found, a potential indirect pathway from effortful control to paternal corporal punishment through externalizing behaviors was observed. The findings are discussed in terms of their cultural basis and highlight the importance of efforts to strengthen children's self-regulation during early childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingya Li
- Shandong Normal University, Jinan, P.R. China
| | | | - Xianqi Liu
- Shandong Normal University, Jinan, P.R. China
| | - Han Zhang
- Suzhou Early Childhood Education College, P.R. China
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10
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Supper W, Guay F, Talbot D. The Relation Between Television Viewing Time and Reading Achievement in Elementary School Children: A Test of Substitution and Inhibition Hypotheses. Front Psychol 2021; 12:580763. [PMID: 34733194 PMCID: PMC8558249 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.580763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2020] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Research has focused on the relations between television (TV) viewing time and children’s reading achievement. Two hypotheses have been proposed to explain this relation. The substitution hypothesis proposes that TV viewing distracts students from activities that are important for their learning. The inhibition hypothesis proposes that watching television inhibits important affective/cognitive skills. In this study, we test both hypotheses by estimating the relation between TV viewing time and reading achievement. We use the frequency of students’ leisure reading and the frequency of interactions between students and their parents as potential mediators to test the substitution hypothesis, whereas for the inhibition one, we use students’ intrinsic motivation to read and their level of inattention. Data come from the Québec Longitudinal Study of Child Development (QLSCD). Designed by the Institut de la statistique du Québec, QLSCD covers a wide range of themes. The QLSCD is representative of children in Québec and contains 2223 participants who were followed from 0 to 21 years old. The four structural models tested are built as follows: the TV viewing time at 6 years old predicts the four mediating variables at 8 years old, which in turn predicts reading achievement at 10 years old. In addition, we have tested models’ gender invariance. Results indicate that TV viewing time is not directly or indirectly associated with reading achievement. Specifically, it is not associated with the mediating variables of child-parent interactions, intrinsic motivation, and inattention. However, the frequency of leisure reading is negatively associated with the time spent watching TV. This association is very small (−0.07) and has no indirect effect on reading achievement. Finally, results do not vary according to the gender of the participants. Our results are in line with those of previous studies in the field and cast some doubts on the potential negative effects of TV viewing time on reading achievement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wilfried Supper
- Département des fondements et pratiques en éducation, Faculté des sciences de l'éducation, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Frédéric Guay
- Département des fondements et pratiques en éducation, Faculté des sciences de l'éducation, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada
| | - Denis Talbot
- Département de médecine sociale et préventive, Faculté de Médecine, Université Laval, Quebec, QC, Canada
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11
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Xing X, Zhang L, Wei Y, Wang Z. Parental Harsh Discipline and Preschooler's Inhibitory Control in China: Bidirectional Relations and Gender Differences. JOURNAL OF INTERPERSONAL VIOLENCE 2021; 36:NP9109-NP9129. [PMID: 31189401 DOI: 10.1177/0886260519854558] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The goals of this study were to examine the bidirectional associations between parental harsh discipline and Chinese preschool children's inhibitory control and to further explore the possible gender differences in these associations. Participants were Chinese preschool children and their parents. At Time 1 (T1) and Time 2 (T2), both fathers and mothers, respectively, reported their use of psychological aggression and corporal punishment, and children's inhibitory control was assessed by laboratory tasks and maternal rating. Structural equation modeling revealed that child inhibitory control significantly predicted both paternal and maternal psychological aggression and corporal punishment 1 year later, but the predictions from both types of parental harsh discipline to child inhibitory control were nonsignificant. Multiple-group analyses further suggested that boys' but not girls' inhibitory control could significantly predict paternal corporal punishment 1 year later, and no child gender differences existed for parental psychological aggression or for maternal corporal punishment. The findings suggest that the longitudinal associations between parental hash discipline and preschool children's inhibitory control in China may differ according to the types of harsh discipline and parental and children's gender.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaopei Xing
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, Research Center for Child Development, School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Linya Zhang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, Research Center for Child Development, School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Yutong Wei
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, Research Center for Child Development, School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, P. R. China
| | - Zhengyan Wang
- Beijing Key Laboratory of Learning and Cognition, Research Center for Child Development, School of Psychology, Capital Normal University, Beijing, P. R. China
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Xu X, Spinrad TL, Eisenberg N, Eggum-Wilkens ND. Longitudinal transactional relations among young children's defiance and committed compliance and maternal assertive control. INFANCY 2021; 26:686-704. [PMID: 34120399 DOI: 10.1111/infa.12416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2020] [Revised: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
The main goal of this study was to more closely understand the direction of relations between maternal behavior and young children's defiance and committed compliance. We examined 256 mother-child dyads to explore developmental transactional relations between maternal assertive control, children's committed compliance, and children's defiance at 18 (T1), 30 (T2), and 42 (T3) months of age. After controlling for maternal gentle control, SES, and child sex, results showed parent effects for children's committed compliance, such that T1 maternal assertive control negatively predicted T3 committed compliance. Furthermore, toddlers' behavior predicted T3 parenting; that is, toddlers' T1 defiance positively predicted T3 maternal assertive control. Results of the present study indicate relatively long-term prediction (to 42 months) from both parent and child behaviors at 18 months of age, and the findings have implications for understanding the bidirectional and complex processes that account for young children's adaptive and maladaptive behaviors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoye Xu
- T. Denny Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Tracy L Spinrad
- T. Denny Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Nancy Eisenberg
- Department of Psychology, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
| | - Natalie D Eggum-Wilkens
- T. Denny Sanford School of Social and Family Dynamics, Arizona State University, Tempe, AZ, USA
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Building a Predictive Model of Social-Emotional Adjustment: Exploring the Relationship between Parenting Self-Efficacy, Parenting Behaviour and Psychological Distress in Mothers of Young Children in Ireland. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18062861. [PMID: 33799661 PMCID: PMC7998115 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18062861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 03/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of this study was to generate greater understanding of social-emotional difficulties in infants and toddlers in an Irish context. This study compared rates of reported social-emotional difficulties in young children in clinical and non-clinical samples and probed a predictive model of social-emotional adjustment. Data were collected from a cross-sectional sample of 72 mothers of young children aged between 12 and 48 months. Mothers were recruited from waiting lists for child Early Intervention services (clinical sample) and community mother-toddler groups (non-clinical sample). Mothers completed a questionnaire battery which assessed parenting self-efficacy, parenting behaviour, psychological distress and child social-emotional adjustment. The results indicated that 55.5% of young children in the clinical sample and 15% in the non-clinical sample had significant social-emotional problems. Similarly, 55.5% of young children in the clinical sample and 30% in the non-clinical sample had significant delays in the acquisition of social-emotional competencies. Two hierarchical multiple regressions were carried out with social-emotional problems and social-emotional competencies as the respective criterion variables. Clinical or non-clinical group membership, parenting satisfaction and maternal psychological distress were found to be significant predictors of child social-emotional problems in a model which explained 59% of the variance. Task-specific self-efficacy was the only significant predictor of child social-emotional competencies in a model which explained 21% of the variance. The significant rates of social-emotional problems in young children in the current study and the potential negative impact on child health and wellbeing, suggest that the early assessment of social-emotional adjustment should be incorporated into routine clinical assessment for young children. For services to effectively meet the needs of children with social-emotional difficulties and their families, consideration of maternal factors is also necessary.
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The Activation Relationship to Father and the Attachment Relationship to Mother in Children with Externalizing Behaviors and Receiving Psychiatric Care. PSYCHIATRY INTERNATIONAL 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/psychiatryint2010005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
The activation relationship refers to the emotional bond a child develops with a parent that helps ensure the regulation of risk-taking during child exploration of the surrounding environment. As a complement to Bowlby’s attachment theory, activation relationship theory provides a greater understanding of the impact of fathering on child development, focusing primarily on parental stimulation of risk-taking and control during child exploration. The overarching objective of this article is to better understand the association between children’s relationship quality with both parents, via the activation to father and the attachment to mother relationships, and child externalizing behaviors in a clinical sample. Fifty two-parent families (40 boys and 10 girls) were recruited at random from a population of children receiving treatment at the perinatal and early childhood psychiatry clinic. Results with 44 children (with complete cases) showed that overactivated preschoolers displayed more externalizing behaviors than did children with either an activated or an under-activated relationship with their father. Results also showed that children with a disorganized-controlling caregiving attachment to their mother marginally presented with higher levels of externalizing behavior.
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The Influence of Mothers’ Parenting Sensitivity on Aggression of Toddlers: The Moderated Mediation Effect of Inhibitory Control and Negative Emotionality. ADONGHAKOEJI 2021. [DOI: 10.5723/kjcs.2021.42.1.105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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16
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Lunkenheimer E, Brown KM, Fuchs A. Differences in mother-child and father-child RSA synchrony: Moderation by child self-regulation and dyadic affect. Dev Psychobiol 2021; 63:1210-1224. [PMID: 33421117 DOI: 10.1002/dev.22080] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2020] [Revised: 12/04/2020] [Accepted: 12/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Parents and preschoolers show respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) synchrony, but it is unclear how child self-regulation and the dyadic affective climate shape RSA synchrony and how synchrony differs for mothers and fathers. We examined child average RSA, externalizing problems, and dyadic positive affect as moderators of the synchrony of dynamic, within-epoch child and parent RSA reactivity during a challenging task. Mothers (N = 82) and fathers (N = 60) oversampled for familial risk participated with their 3-year-olds. For mothers, when children showed either higher externalizing or lower average RSA, negative RSA synchrony was observed as dynamic coupling of maternal RSA augmentation and child RSA withdrawal, suggesting inadequate support of the child during challenge. However, when children showed both higher externalizing and lower average RSA, indicating greater regulatory difficulties overall, positive synchrony was observed as joint RSA withdrawal. The same patterns were found for father-child RSA synchrony but instead with respect to the moderators of higher externalizing and lower dyadic positive affect. Findings suggest moderators of RSA synchrony differ by parent and shared positive affect plays a robust role in fathers' RSA reactivity and synchrony. Mothers may be more attuned to children's regulatory capacities, whereas fathers may be more influenced by the immediate behavioral context.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Kayla M Brown
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Anna Fuchs
- The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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17
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Diemer MC, Gerstein ED. Developmental delay and parenting: The role of behaviour problems in toddlers. INFANT AND CHILD DEVELOPMENT 2020. [DOI: 10.1002/icd.2199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
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18
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Chinese parents' comparisons of siblings and adolescents' internalizing and externalizing problems. Dev Psychopathol 2020; 33:914-921. [PMID: 32436838 DOI: 10.1017/s095457942000022x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
Parents' comparisons of siblings have been understudied among sibling research, especially in Chinese societies where the government recently relaxed its one-child policy. This study, using a two-wave longitudinal design, explored how parents' comparisons of siblings were associated with adolescents' internalizing and externalizing problems. Study participants were 260 Chinese adolescents who had siblings and completed questionnaires that assessed their internalizing and externalizing problems, as well as their perceptions of parents' critical comparisons of siblings. Cross-lagged modeling analysis showed that parents' comparisons of siblings predicted more internalizing and externalizing problems in adolescents 6 months later. Moreover, adolescents' externalizing problems but not internalizing problems predicted more parents' comparisons of siblings over time. These findings underscore the importance of reciprocal relations between parents' comparisons of siblings and adolescents' externalizing problems and the implication of cultural context in understanding associations between parental practices and adolescents' adjustment.
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19
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Changes in the Reciprocal Relationship Between Parenting and Self-Awareness During Adolescence: A Longitudinal Analysis of National Big Data. J Pediatr Nurs 2019; 47:e51-e57. [PMID: 31056354 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2019.04.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2019] [Revised: 04/23/2019] [Accepted: 04/23/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to identify the reciprocal relationship between parenting and self-awareness during adolescence. DESIGN AND METHODS This study analyzed longitudinal data from the Korea Children and Youth Panel Survey at three time points over a four-year period. Individuals (n = 2092; mean age 12.95 years) in their first year of middle school participated at the beginning of the survey. Repeated measurements were performed for the same participants in their third year of middle school and first year of high school between 2010 and 2016. Participants completed 18 self-awareness (self-esteem and self-identity) items and 21 parenting (positive and negative) items at three different time points. The autoregressive cross-lagged model was used to examine the causal relationship between parenting and adolescents' self-awareness. RESULTS Positive parenting and adolescents' self-awareness influenced each other. In terms of the magnitude of the effects of the two variables, the impact of adolescents' self-awareness on positive parenting was greater than that of positive parenting on adolescents' self-awareness. Adolescents' self-awareness at the previous time points negatively predicted negative parenting at the later time points. However, negative parenting at the previous time points was not a significant predictor of adolescents' self-awareness at the later time points. CONCLUSIONS In this study, the impact of adolescents' self-awareness on parenting was greater than was the case vice versa. This result could be regarded as reflecting adolescents' developmental characteristics. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS Intervention programs directly focusing on improving adolescents' self-awareness may be more effective than parenting interventions to improve self-awareness in adolescents.
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20
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Differential physiological sensitivity to child compliance behaviors in abusing, neglectful, and non-maltreating mothers. Dev Psychopathol 2019; 32:531-543. [PMID: 31060634 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579419000270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
We examined time-ordered associations between children's compliance behavior and maternal respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) in a sample of 127 child-maltreating (physical abuse, physical neglect, emotional abuse) and 94 non-maltreating mothers and their preschool-aged children. Child prosocial and aversive compliance behaviors and maternal RSA were continuously collected during a joint challenge task. Child behavior and mother RSA were longitudinally nested within-person and subjected to multilevel modeling (MLM), with between-person child maltreatment subtype and level of inconsistent parenting modeled as moderators. Both child maltreatment type and inconsistent parenting moderated the effects of child compliance on maternal RSA. Increases in children's prosocial compliance behaviors led to decreasing RSA in physically abusive mothers 30s later (i.e., increasing arousal), but predicted increases in non-maltreating mothers' RSA (i.e., increasing calm). Inconsistent parenting (vacillating between autonomy-support and strict control) also moderated the effects of children's compliance behavior on maternal physiology, weakening the effects of child prosocial compliance on subsequent maternal RSA. These findings highlight variations in mothers' physiological sensitivity to their children's prosocial behavior that may play a role in the development of coercive cycles, and underscore the need to consider individual differences in parents' physiological sensitivity to their children to effectively tailor interventions across the spectrum of risk.
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21
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Schulz S, Leijten P, Shaw DS, Overbeek G. Parental Reactivity to Disruptive Behavior in Toddlerhood: An Experimental Study. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2019; 47:779-790. [PMID: 30370463 PMCID: PMC6469638 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-018-0489-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Disruptive child behavior is often exacerbated and maintained by negative and inconsistent parenting behavior that unwittingly reinforces disruptive behavior. One explanation for why parents render it difficult to remain positive and consistent might be the impact of disruptive child behavior on parent self-efficacy and stress. This study investigates how disruptive child behavior in a challenging parenting situation shapes parental momentary thoughts of self-efficacy and feelings of stress (i.e., perceived distress and physiological arousal), and how these in turn predict parenting behavior. We experimentally manipulated a challenging parenting situation that was designed to elicit disruptive child behavior. Specifically, we examined: (1) the effects of the challenging condition compared to a control situation on parental state self-efficacy and stress, (2) whether parents with lower trait self-efficacy and higher trait stress in daily life are most affected, and (3) how state self-efficacy and stress predict parental subsequent use of direct commands and positive affect. Parent-toddler dyads were randomly assigned to a challenging or control situation (N = 110, Mage = 30.9 months). As predicted, parents in the challenging situation, relative to control, reported less self-efficacy and more perceived distress, and showed increased physiological arousal. Self-efficacy was compromised particularly in parents with low trait self-efficacy. Our findings suggest that child disruptive behavior drives parental state self-efficacy and stress, especially momentary self-efficacy in parents who generally feel less self-efficacious.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Schulz
- Child Development and Education and Research Priority Area YIELD, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 15780, 1001 NG Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Research Centre Adolescent Development, Utrecht University, PO Box 80140, 3508 TC Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Patty Leijten
- Child Development and Education and Research Priority Area YIELD, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 15780, 1001 NG Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Daniel S. Shaw
- University of Pittsburgh, 4101 Sennott Square, 210 South Bouquet Street, Pittsburgh, PA 15260 USA
| | - Geertjan Overbeek
- Child Development and Education and Research Priority Area YIELD, University of Amsterdam, PO Box 15780, 1001 NG Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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22
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The Effects of Maternal Parenting Behaviors on Toddlers’ Externalizing Problem Behaviors: The Mediating Effect of Compliance. ADONGHAKOEJI 2019. [DOI: 10.5723/kjcs.2019.40.2.57] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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23
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White L, Delaney R, Pacifici C, Nelson C, Dickinson SL, Golzarri-Arroyo L. Understanding and Parenting Children's Noncompliant Behavior: The Efficacy of an Online Training Workshop for Resource Parents. CHILDREN AND YOUTH SERVICES REVIEW 2019; 99:246-256. [PMID: 31130765 PMCID: PMC6528673 DOI: 10.1016/j.childyouth.2019.01.045] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
The current study examined the effectiveness of an online training program on parenting children's noncompliant behavior. Eighty-two resource parents (foster, adoptive, and kinship) were recruited through Foster Parent College-an online training website-and randomly assigned to a treatment or wait-list control group. Parents in the treatment group participated in an online interactive workshop on noncompliant child behavior. Online assessments occurred before and after a 1-week intervention, and again 3 months later. Group differences at posttest were significant for parents' reports of children's positive behavior and parent knowledge related to children's noncompliant behavior. Only parents in the treatment group showed significant improvement from pre- to posttest on several other outcome measures of parenting noncompliant behavior. Satisfaction with the online workshop at posttest was very high. Results at the 3-month follow-up assessment showed significant group differences only for parents' knowledge about children's noncompliant behavior. Feedback on the workshop remained positive, with treatment group parents indicating that they felt the workshop had beneficially impacted their parenting and their children's behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lee White
- Northwest Media, Inc., 326 West 12 Avenue, Eugene, OR 97401, United States
| | - Richard Delaney
- Northwest Media, Inc., 326 West 12 Avenue, Eugene, OR 97401, United States
| | - Caesar Pacifici
- Northwest Media, Inc., 326 West 12 Avenue, Eugene, OR 97401, United States
| | - Carol Nelson
- Northwest Media, Inc., 326 West 12 Avenue, Eugene, OR 97401, United States
| | - Stephanie L. Dickinson
- Biostatistics Consulting Center, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Indiana University Bloomington, PH C101, 1025 East 7 Street, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States
| | - Lilian Golzarri-Arroyo
- Biostatistics Consulting Center, Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Indiana University Bloomington, PH C101, 1025 East 7 Street, Bloomington, IN 47405, United States
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24
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Reciprocal Relations between the Trajectories of Mothers' Harsh Discipline, Responsiveness and Aggression in Early Childhood. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2019; 46:83-97. [PMID: 28215022 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-017-0280-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Theoretical advances in the study of the development of aggressive behaviors indicate that parenting behaviors and child aggression mutually influence one another. This study contributes to the body of empirical research in this area by examining the development of child aggression, maternal responsiveness, and maternal harsh discipline, using 5-year longitudinal data from a nationally representative sample of Turkish children (n = 1009; 469 girls and 582 boys). Results indicated that: (i) maternal responsiveness and harsh discipline at age 3 were associated with the subsequent linear trajectory of aggression; (ii) reciprocally, aggressive behaviors at age 3 were associated with the subsequent linear trajectories of these two types of parenting behaviors; (iii) deviations from the linear trajectories of the child and mother behaviors tended to be short lived; and, (iv) the deviations of child behaviors from the linear trajectories were associated with the subsequent changes in mother behaviors after age 5. These findings are discussed in the cultural context of this study.
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25
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Rolon-Arroyo B, Arnold DH, Breaux RP, Harvey EA. Reciprocal Relations Between Parenting Behaviors and Conduct Disorder Symptoms in Preschool Children. Child Psychiatry Hum Dev 2018; 49:786-799. [PMID: 29468356 PMCID: PMC6497406 DOI: 10.1007/s10578-018-0794-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
Abstract
Reciprocal relations between children's conduct disorder (CD) symptoms and parenting behaviors were examined across the preschool years. Participants were 199 children (M = 44.26 months, SD = 3.37; 92 girls) and their 199 mothers and 158 fathers. CD symptoms were assessed via structured interviews; parenting was assessed via observational and self-report measures. Fixed effects models were used to assess within-individual changes and traditional cross-lagged models were used to assess between-individual changes; comparisons by sex were also carried out. Increases in maternal overreactivity predicted increases in CD symptoms. During the later preschool years, decreases in maternal warmth predicted increases in CD symptoms and increases in CD symptoms predicted increases in paternal overreactivity. Reciprocal effects were found between girls' CD symptoms and paternal negative affect. Findings suggest maternal and paternal influence on the development of CD symptoms and suggest that CD symptoms influence fathers' parenting during the preschool years.
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Affiliation(s)
- Benjamin Rolon-Arroyo
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 135 Hicks Way Tobin Hall, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - David H Arnold
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 135 Hicks Way Tobin Hall, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Rosanna P Breaux
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 135 Hicks Way Tobin Hall, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA
| | - Elizabeth A Harvey
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, University of Massachusetts Amherst, 135 Hicks Way Tobin Hall, Amherst, MA, 01003, USA.
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26
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Testing the Autoregressive Cross-Lagged Effects Among Paternal Depression, Affective Parenting and Children's Externalizing Behavior Problems. ADONGHAKOEJI 2018. [DOI: 10.5723/kjcs.2018.39.3.73] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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27
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Longitudinal Relationships between Fathers’ Parenting Attitude and Preschoolers’ Externalizing Behavior Problem. ADONGHAKOEJI 2018. [DOI: 10.5723/kjcs.2018.39.1.19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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28
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van Prooijen DL, Hutteman R, Mulder H, van Aken MA, Laceulle OM. Self-control, parenting, and problem behavior in early childhood: A multi-method, multi-informant study. Infant Behav Dev 2018; 50:28-41. [DOI: 10.1016/j.infbeh.2017.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2017] [Revised: 10/30/2017] [Accepted: 11/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
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29
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Mesman J, Groeneveld MG. Gendered Parenting in Early Childhood: Subtle But Unmistakable if You Know Where to Look. CHILD DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVES 2017. [DOI: 10.1111/cdep.12250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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30
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Van Wert M, Mishna F, Trocmé N, Fallon B. Which maltreated children are at greatest risk of aggressive and criminal behavior? An examination of maltreatment dimensions and cumulative risk. CHILD ABUSE & NEGLECT 2017; 69:49-61. [PMID: 28448814 DOI: 10.1016/j.chiabu.2017.04.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 01/01/2017] [Accepted: 04/14/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
This paper explores the well-documented relationship between child maltreatment and aggressive and criminal behavior, specifically examining several dimensions of maltreatment and cumulative child and family risk. Using data from the provincially representative Ontario Incidence Study of Reported Child Abuse and Neglect (OIS-2013), this paper utilizes a developmental lens to examine whether maltreatment dimensions and cumulative risk can differentiate maltreated young people who exhibit aggressive and criminal behaviors and those who do not. A total unweighted sample of 1837 substantiated maltreatment investigations was examined in this analysis using chi-square, t-test, and logistic regression. The findings indicate that 13% of maltreated children and youth served by the Ontario child welfare system exhibited aggression and 6% of maltreated adolescents were involved in the youth justice system. Aggressive children and youth were more likely to experience severe and co-occurring forms of maltreatment and to experience higher levels of cumulative child risk. In adolescence, youth exhibiting aggressive and/or criminal behavior commonly were investigated because of neglect, specifically because their caregivers were no longer willing or able to remain in a caregiving role. Implications for child welfare policy and practice are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melissa Van Wert
- Centre for Research on Children and Families, McGill University, Suite 106, Wilson Hall, 3506 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2A7, Canada.
| | - Faye Mishna
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, 246 Bloor Street West, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1V4, Canada.
| | - Nico Trocmé
- Centre for Research on Children and Families, McGill University, Suite 106, Wilson Hall, 3506 University Street, Montreal, Quebec H3A 2A7, Canada.
| | - Barbara Fallon
- Factor-Inwentash Faculty of Social Work, University of Toronto, 246 Bloor Street West, Toronto, Ontario, M5S 1V4, Canada.
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31
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Camisasca E, Miragoli S, Ionio C, Milani L, Di Blasio P. Post-partum depressive symptoms and child behavior: The mediational role of maternal mind-mindedness. CHILDRENS HEALTH CARE 2017. [DOI: 10.1080/02739615.2017.1318389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Elena Camisasca
- Faculty of Psychology, Università Telematica eCampus, Novedrate, Italy
- Psychology Department, C.R.I.d.e.e., Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Milan, Italy
| | - Sarah Miragoli
- Faculty of Psychology, Università Telematica eCampus, Novedrate, Italy
| | - Chiara Ionio
- Faculty of Psychology, Università Telematica eCampus, Novedrate, Italy
| | - Luca Milani
- Faculty of Psychology, Università Telematica eCampus, Novedrate, Italy
| | - Paola Di Blasio
- Faculty of Psychology, Università Telematica eCampus, Novedrate, Italy
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32
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Janssens A, Van Den Noortgate W, Goossens L, Verschueren K, Colpin H, Claes S, Van Heel M, Van Leeuwen K. Adolescent externalizing behaviour, psychological control, and peer rejection: Transactional links and dopaminergic moderation. BRITISH JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2017; 35:420-438. [PMID: 28338224 DOI: 10.1111/bjdp.12184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2016] [Revised: 02/14/2017] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
This study investigated (1) reciprocal links among parental psychological control, peer rejection, and adolescent externalizing (aggressive and rule-breaking behaviour), and (2) the moderating effect of an adolescent genetic factor (biologically informed polygenic score for dopamine signalling). Three-year longitudinal data from 1,116 adolescents (51% boys; M age = 13.79) and their parents included psychological measures (adolescent-reported psychological control, peer-reported rejection, and parent-reported aggressive and rule-breaking behaviour). Cross-lagged analyses showed bidirectional effects between psychological control and both aggressive and rule-breaking behaviour and a unidirectional effect of peer rejection on both forms of problem behaviour over time. Multigroup structural equation modelling revealed genetic moderation only for rule-breaking behaviour: for adolescents with intermediate levels of dopamine signalling significant environmental effects were present, whereas adolescent effects of rule-breaking behaviour on psychological control were significant for adolescents with both intermediate and high profiles and effects on peer rejection only for adolescents with high dopamine profiles. Statement of contribution What is already known on this subject? Parental psychological control is related to adolescent externalizing problems. Experiencing peer rejection reinforces aggressive and rule-breaking behaviour. Single-gene studies show that dopaminergic genes influence externalizing problems directly or in interaction with the environment. What does this study add? Parental psychological control and adolescent aggressive and rule-breaking behaviour exacerbate one another longitudinally. Longitudinal associations between peer rejection and both subtypes of externalizing behaviour are unidirectional. With a polygenic approach, dopaminergic moderation is present for rule-breaking behaviour only.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annelies Janssens
- Parenting and Special Education Research Group, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Wim Van Den Noortgate
- Methodology of Educational Sciences Research Group, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Luc Goossens
- School Psychology and Development in Context, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karine Verschueren
- School Psychology and Development in Context, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Hilde Colpin
- School Psychology and Development in Context, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Stephan Claes
- Department of Neuroscience, GRASP-Research Group, KU Leuven, Belgium.,University Psychiatric Centre, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Martijn Van Heel
- Parenting and Special Education Research Group, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium
| | - Karla Van Leeuwen
- Parenting and Special Education Research Group, Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Belgium
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33
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Kolijn L, Euser S, van den Bulk BG, Huffmeijer R, van IJzendoorn MH, Bakermans-Kranenburg MJ. Which neural mechanisms mediate the effects of a parenting intervention program on parenting behavior: design of a randomized controlled trial. BMC Psychol 2017; 5:9. [PMID: 28320473 PMCID: PMC5359954 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-017-0177-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/09/2017] [Indexed: 01/28/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The Video-feedback Intervention to promote Positive Parenting and Sensitive Discipline (VIPP-SD) has proven effective in increasing parental sensitivity. However, the mechanisms involved are largely unknown. In a randomized controlled trial we examine parental neurocognitive factors that may mediate the intervention effects on parenting behavior. Our aims are to (1) examine whether the intervention influences parents' neural processing of children's emotional expressions and the neural precursors of response inhibition and to (2) test whether neural changes mediate intervention effects on parenting behavior. METHODS We will test 100 mothers of 4-6 year old same-sex twins. A random half of the mothers will receive the VIPP-SD Twins (i.e. VIPP-SD adapted for twin families), consisting of 5 home visits in a 3-months period; the other half will receive a dummy intervention. Neurocognitive measures are acquired approximately 2 weeks before and 2 weeks after the intervention. Mothers' electroencephalographic (EEG) activity is measured while performing a stop signal task and in response to children's facial expressions. To obtain a complementary behavioral measure, mothers also perform an emotion recognition task. Parenting behavior will be assessed during parent-child interactions at pre and post intervention lab visits. DISCUSSION Our results will shed light on the neurocognitive factors underlying changes in parenting behavior after a parenting support program, which may benefit the development of such programs. TRIAL REGISTRATION Dutch Trial Register: NTR5312 ; Date registered: January 3, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Kolijn
- Centre for Child and Family Studies, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9555, Leiden, 2300 RB Netherlands
- Leiden Consortium on Individual Development, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9555, Leiden, 2300 RB Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, P.O. Box 9600, Leiden, 2300 RC Netherlands
| | - Saskia Euser
- Centre for Child and Family Studies, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9555, Leiden, 2300 RB Netherlands
- Leiden Consortium on Individual Development, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9555, Leiden, 2300 RB Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, P.O. Box 9600, Leiden, 2300 RC Netherlands
| | - Bianca G. van den Bulk
- Centre for Child and Family Studies, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9555, Leiden, 2300 RB Netherlands
- Leiden Consortium on Individual Development, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9555, Leiden, 2300 RB Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, P.O. Box 9600, Leiden, 2300 RC Netherlands
| | - Renske Huffmeijer
- Centre for Child and Family Studies, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9555, Leiden, 2300 RB Netherlands
- Leiden Consortium on Individual Development, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9555, Leiden, 2300 RB Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, P.O. Box 9600, Leiden, 2300 RC Netherlands
| | - Marinus H. van IJzendoorn
- Centre for Child and Family Studies, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9555, Leiden, 2300 RB Netherlands
- Leiden Consortium on Individual Development, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9555, Leiden, 2300 RB Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, P.O. Box 9600, Leiden, 2300 RC Netherlands
| | - Marian J. Bakermans-Kranenburg
- Centre for Child and Family Studies, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9555, Leiden, 2300 RB Netherlands
- Leiden Consortium on Individual Development, Leiden University, P.O. Box 9555, Leiden, 2300 RB Netherlands
- Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, P.O. Box 9600, Leiden, 2300 RC Netherlands
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34
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Hails KA, Reuben JD, Shaw DS, Dishion TJ, Wilson MN. Transactional Associations Among Maternal Depression, Parent-Child Coercion, and Child Conduct Problems During Early Childhood. JOURNAL OF CLINICAL CHILD AND ADOLESCENT PSYCHOLOGY 2017; 47:S291-S305. [PMID: 28278598 DOI: 10.1080/15374416.2017.1280803] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Maternal depression is among the most consistent and well-replicated risk factors for negative child outcomes, particularly in early childhood. Although children of depressed mothers are at an increased risk of adjustment problems, conversely, children with emotional or behavioral problems also have been found to adversely compromise maternal functioning, including increasing maternal depression. The purpose of this investigation was to examine transactional associations among maternal depression, parent-child coercive interaction, and children's conduct and emotional problems in early childhood using a cross-lagged panel model. Participants were 731 toddlers and families that were part of the Early Steps Multisite Study, a sample of diverse ethnic backgrounds and communities (i.e., rural, urban, suburban) recruited from Women, Infants, and Children Nutritional Supplement Centers. Analyses provided support for the existence of some modest transactional relations between parent-child coercion and maternal depression and between maternal depression and child conduct problems. Cross-lagged effects were somewhat stronger between children age 2-3 than age 3-4. Similar patterns were observed in the model with child emotional problems replacing conduct problems, but relations between coercion and maternal depression were attenuated in this model. In addition, the transactional hypothesis was more strongly supported when maternal versus secondary caregiver reports were used for child problem behavior. The findings have implications for the need to support caregivers and reinforce positive parenting practices within family-centered interventions in early childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Daniel S Shaw
- a Department of Psychology , University of Pittsburgh
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Wang M, Liu L. Reciprocal Relations Between Harsh Discipline and Children's Externalizing Behavior in China: A 5-Year Longitudinal Study. Child Dev 2017; 89:174-187. [DOI: 10.1111/cdev.12724] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Li Liu
- Shandong Normal University
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Paschall KW, Mastergeorge AM. A review of 25 years of research in bidirectionality in parent–child relationships. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL DEVELOPMENT 2016. [DOI: 10.1177/0165025415607379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
The concept of bidirectionality represents a process of mutual influence between parent and child, whereby each influences the other as well as the dyadic relationship. Despite the widespread acceptance of bidirectional models of influence, there is still a lack of integration of such models in current research designs. Research on bidirectionality could be strengthened through the adoption of advanced methodologies, including behavioral-genetic research designs and advanced structural equation modeling. The aim of this empirical review is to further advance the study of bidirectionality by evaluating the evidence from 25 years of bidirectionality research in infancy and early childhood. The review indicates significant advancements in the use of methods that address the ecological validity of bidirectional effects, as well as areas that continue to rely on correlational designs to detect bidirectional effects. We describe analytic approaches that may improve the specificity of bidirectionality evidence and highlight gene–environment interaction designs as a promising area for future bidirectionality research.
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Verhoeven M, Deković M, Bodden D, van Baar AL. Development and initial validation of the comprehensive early childhood parenting questionnaire (CECPAQ) for parents of 1–4 year-olds. EUROPEAN JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/17405629.2016.1182017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Abstract
Parent-child coercion typically emerges in toddlerhood with the child's first acts of willful defiance and the parent's first disciplinary attempts. We explored how parents and children may contribute to this process by examining bidirectional and interactive effects between child and maternal negative behavior in 310 low-income, ethnically diverse boys. Using multiple informants and methods, child negative emotionality and maternal negative control were assessed at 18 months and child disruptive behavior and maternal negative control were measured at 24 months. Indicative of parent effects, maternal negative control at 18 months amplified the relation between children's negative emotionality at 18 months and disruptive behavior at 24 months. Child effects were found in an unexpected direction such that children's negative emotionality at 18 months predicted decreases in mothers' negative control at 24 months. Findings are discussed within a transactional framework that emphasizes mutual influence of children and parents over the course of development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hyein Chang
- Department of Psychology, Sungkyunkwan University, Humanities and Social Sciences Campus, 25-2 Sungkyunkwan-Ro, Jongno-Gu, Seoul, South Korea.
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Lunkenheimer E, Lichtwarck-Aschoff A, Hollenstein T, Kemp CJ, Granic I. Breaking Down the Coercive Cycle: How Parent and Child Risk Factors Influence Real-Time Variability in Parental Responses to Child Misbehavior. PARENTING, SCIENCE AND PRACTICE 2016; 16:237-256. [PMID: 28190978 PMCID: PMC5295527 DOI: 10.1080/15295192.2016.1184925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/12/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Parent-child coercive cycles have been associated with both rigidity and inconsistency in parenting behavior. To explain these mixed findings, we examined real-time variability in maternal responses to children's off-task behavior to determine whether this common trigger of the coercive cycle (responding to child misbehavior) is associated with rigidity or inconsistency in parenting. We also examined the effects of risk factors for coercion (maternal hostility, maternal depressive symptoms, child externalizing problems, and dyadic negativity) on patterns of parenting. DESIGN Mother-child dyads (N = 96; M child age = 41 months) completed a difficult puzzle task, and observations were coded continuously for parent (e.g., directive, teaching) and child behavior (e.g., on-task, off-task). RESULTS Multilevel continuous-time survival analyses revealed that parenting behavior is less variable when children are off-task. However, when risk factors are higher, a different profile emerges. Combined maternal and child risk is associated with markedly lower variability in parenting behavior overall (i.e., rigidity) paired with shifts towards higher variability specifically when children are off-task (i.e., inconsistency). Dyadic negativity (i.e., episodes when children are off-task and parents engage in negative behavior) are also associated with higher parenting variability. CONCLUSIONS Risk factors confer rigidity in parenting overall, but in moments when higher-risk parents must respond to child misbehavior, their parenting becomes more variable, suggesting inconsistency and ineffectiveness. This context-dependent shift in parenting behavior may help explain prior mixed findings and offer new directions for family interventions designed to reduce coercive processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erika Lunkenheimer
- Human Development & Family Studies, Colorado State University, 1570 Campus Delivery, Fort Collins, CO, 80523-1570
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Reciprocal Relations between Maternal Parenting Behavior and Preschoolers’ Compliance/Noncompliance during Mother-child Interactions:A Short-term Longitudinal Study. ADONGHAKOEJI 2015. [DOI: 10.5723/kjcs.2015.36.5.75] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
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41
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van Doorn MMEM, Kuijpers RCWM, Lichtwarck-Aschoff A, Bodden D, Jansen M, Granic I. Does Mother-Child Interaction Mediate the Relation Between Maternal Depressive Symptoms and Children's Mental Health Problems? JOURNAL OF CHILD AND FAMILY STUDIES 2015; 25:1257-1268. [PMID: 27004017 PMCID: PMC4779455 DOI: 10.1007/s10826-015-0309-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
The relation between maternal depressive symptoms and children's mental health problems has been well established. However, prior studies have predominantly focused on maternal reports of children's mental health problems and on parenting behavior, as a broad and unilateral concept. This cross-sectional study examined specific observed mother-child interaction behaviors through which maternal depressive symptoms are assumed to affect children's mental health problems. We expected higher rates of maternal depressive symptoms to predict higher rates of children's mental health problems, and we expected this relation to be mediated by low maternal warmth and high maternal psychological control. The sample consisted of 111 mother-child dyads referred for treatment. The mother-child interaction behaviors were coded according to the observed mother-child interaction tasks. Children's mental health problems were assessed using both maternal reports and children's self-reports. As expected, the results showed that maternal depressive symptoms were strongly related to maternal reports of children's internalizing and externalizing mental health problems. Surprisingly, maternal depressive symptoms were unrelated to children's self-reported depressive symptoms. Furthermore, mother-child interactions did not mediate the relation between maternal depressive symptoms and child mental health problems. Maternal depressive symptoms were associated with high maternal warmth, and high psychological control was associated with high levels of mother-reported externalizing mental health problems in children. These results partially replicate previous findings but add to these by using observational methods and multi-informant data. The importance of using a multi-informant and multi-method approach in assessing children's mental health problems in clinical practice and research are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marleen M. E. M. van Doorn
- />Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9104, 6500 HE Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- />Pro Persona Youth (Netherlands Institute of Mental Health), Arnhem, The Netherlands
| | - Rowella C. W. M. Kuijpers
- />Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9104, 6500 HE Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Anna Lichtwarck-Aschoff
- />Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9104, 6500 HE Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Denise Bodden
- />Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9104, 6500 HE Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Mélou Jansen
- />Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9104, 6500 HE Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Isabela Granic
- />Behavioural Science Institute, Radboud University Nijmegen, P.O. Box 9104, 6500 HE Nijmegen, The Netherlands
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Externalizing symptoms, effortful control, and intrusive parenting: A test of bidirectional longitudinal relations during early childhood. Dev Psychopathol 2015; 27:953-68. [DOI: 10.1017/s0954579415000620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
AbstractAt approximately 30, 42, and 54 months of age (N = 231), the relations among children's externalizing symptoms, intrusive maternal parenting, and children's effortful control (EC) were examined. Both intrusive parenting and low EC have been related to psychopathology, but children's externalizing problems and low EC might affect the quality of parenting and one another. Mothers’ intrusive behavior with their children was assessed with observations, children's EC was measured with mothers’ and caregivers’ reports, and children's externalizing symptoms were assessed with mothers’, fathers’, and caregivers’ reports. In a structural equation panel model, bidirectional relations between intrusive parenting and EC were found: EC at 30 and 42 months predicted low levels of intrusive parenting a year later, controlling for prior levels of parenting and vice versa. Moreover, high levels of children's externalizing problems at both 30 and 42 months negatively predicted EC a year later, controlling for prior levels of EC. Although externalizing problems positively predicted high EC over time, this appeared to be a suppression effect because these variables had a strong negative pattern in the zero-order correlations. Moreover, when controlling for the stability of intrusive parenting, EC, and externalizing (all exhibited significant stability across time) and the aforementioned cross-lagged predictive paths, EC and externalizing problems were still negatively related within the 54-month assessment. The findings are consistent with the view that children's externalizing behavior undermines their EC and contributes to intrusive mothering and that relations between intrusive parenting and EC are bidirectional across time. Thus, interventions that focus on modifying children's externalizing problems (as well as the quality of parenting) might affect the quality of parenting they receive and, hence, subsequent problems with adjustment.
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The impact of children's internalizing and externalizing problems on parenting: Transactional processes and reciprocal change over time. Dev Psychopathol 2015; 27:969-86. [DOI: 10.1017/s0954579415000632] [Citation(s) in RCA: 82] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
Abstract
AbstractMost theoretical models of developmental psychopathology involve a transactional, bidirectional relation between parenting and children's behavior problems. The present study utilized a cross-lagged panel, multiple interval design to model change in bidirectional relations between child and parent behavior across successive developmental periods. Two major categories of child behavior problems, internalizing and externalizing, and two aspects of parenting, positive (use of support and structure) and harsh discipline (use of physical punishment), were modeled across three time points spaced 3 years apart. Two successive developmental intervals, from approximately age 7.5 to 10.5 and from 10.5 to 13.5, were included. Mother–child dyads (N =138; 65 boys) from a lower income longitudinal sample of families participated, with standardized measures of mothers rating their own parenting behavior and teachers reporting on child's behavior. Results revealed different types of reciprocal relations between specific aspects of child and parent behavior, with internalizing problems predicting an increase in positive parenting over time, which subsequently led to a reduction in internalizing problems across the successive 3-year interval. In contrast, externalizing predicted reduced levels of positive parenting in a reciprocal sequence that extended across two successive intervals and predicted increased levels of externalizing over time. Implications for prevention and early intervention are discussed.
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Child-evoked maternal negativity from 9 to 27 months: Evidence of gene-environment correlation and its moderation by marital distress. Dev Psychopathol 2014; 27:1251-65. [PMID: 25216383 DOI: 10.1017/s0954579414000868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Past research has documented pervasive genetic influences on emotional and behavioral disturbance across the life span and on liability to adult psychiatric disorder. Increasingly, interest is turning to mechanisms of gene-environment interplay in attempting to understand the earliest manifestations of genetic risk. We report findings from a prospective adoption study, which aimed to test the role of evocative gene-environment correlation in early development. Included in the study were 561 infants adopted at birth and studied between 9 and 27 months, along with their adoptive parents and birth mothers. Birth mother psychiatric diagnoses and symptoms scales were used as indicators of genetic influence, and multiple self-report measures were used to index adoptive mother parental negativity. We hypothesized that birth mother psychopathology would be associated with greater adoptive parent negativity and that such evocative effects would be amplified under conditions of high adoptive family adversity. The findings suggested that genetic factors associated with birth mother externalizing psychopathology may evoke negative reactions in adoptive mothers in the first year of life, but only when the adoptive family environment is characterized by marital problems. Maternal negativity mediated the effects of genetic risk on child adjustment at 27 months. The results underscore the importance of genetically influenced evocative processes in early development.
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Stievenart M, Roskam I, Meunier JC, Van de Moortele G. Stability of young children's attachment representations: Influence of children's and caregiver's characteristics. JOURNAL OF APPLIED DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appdev.2013.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
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Akcinar B, Baydar N. Parental control is not unconditionally detrimental for externalizing behaviors in early childhood. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL DEVELOPMENT 2014. [DOI: 10.1177/0165025413513701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The association of three different strategies of maternal control (behavioral, psychological, and physical), and maternal warmth with children’s externalizing behaviors were analyzed in an observational study of 3-year-old children in Turkey ( N = 123). The results indicated that (i) mothers exercised all three types of control simultaneously; (ii) behavioral control had a curvilinear association with child externalizing behaviors, suggesting the existence of an optimum level of behavioral control; and (iii) the negative effects of behavioral and psychological control could be moderated by parental warmth. These findings highlighted the importance of studying samples from diverse cultural contexts in order to validate and enrich theoretical models of behavioral development.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Nazli Baydar
- Koc University, Turkey
- University of Washington, Seattle, USA
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Kevin C. Runions, Frank Vitaro, Donna Cross, Michel Boivin. Teacher–Child Relationship, Parenting, and Growth in Likelihood and Severity of Physical Aggression in the Early School Years. MERRILL-PALMER QUARTERLY-JOURNAL OF DEVELOPMENTAL PSYCHOLOGY 2014. [DOI: 10.13110/merrpalmquar1982.60.3.0274] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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Shaffer A, Lindhiem O, Kolko DJ, Trentacosta CJ. Bidirectional relations between parenting practices and child externalizing behavior: a cross-lagged panel analysis in the context of a psychosocial treatment and 3-year follow-up. JOURNAL OF ABNORMAL CHILD PSYCHOLOGY 2013; 41:199-210. [PMID: 22821450 DOI: 10.1007/s10802-012-9670-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In the current study, we examined longitudinal changes in, and bidirectional effects between, parenting practices and child behavior problems in the context of a psychosocial treatment and 3-year follow-up period. The sample comprised 139 parent-child dyads (child ages 6-11) who participated in a modular treatment protocol for early-onset ODD or CD. Parenting practices and child behavior problems were assessed at six time-points using multiple measures and multiple reporters. The data were analyzed using cross-lagged panel analyses. Results indicated robust temporal stabilities of parenting practices and child behavior problems, in the context of treatment-related improvements, but bidirectional effects between parenting practices and child behavior were less frequently detected. Our findings suggest that bidirectional effects are relatively smaller than the temporal stability of each construct for school-age children with ODD/CD and their parents, following a multi-modal clinical intervention that is directed at both parents and children. Implications for treatment and intervention are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne Shaffer
- Department of Psychology, University of Georgia, Athens, GA 30602, USA.
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Stone LL, Otten R, Janssens JMAM, Soenens B, Kuntsche E, Engels RCME. Does parental psychological control relate to internalizing and externalizing problems in early childhood? An examination using the Berkeley puppet interview. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF BEHAVIORAL DEVELOPMENT 2013. [DOI: 10.1177/0165025413490865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Parental psychological control has been linked to symptoms of psychopathology in adolescence, yet less is known about its correlates in childhood. The current study is among the first to address whether psychological control is related to internalizing and externalizing problems in early childhood. A community sample of 298 children aged 7.04 ( SD = 1.15) years participated. Along with two other parenting dimensions (i.e., responsiveness and behavioural control), psychological control, internalizing and externalizing problems were assessed by means of the Berkeley Puppet Interview. Psychological control was associated with internalizing and externalizing problems, and this association remained significant while controlling for parental behavioural control and responsiveness. Results suggest that the maladaptive correlates of psychological control also manifest in developmental periods prior to adolescence. Still, it is unknown how psychological control and child psychopathology are related over time in childhood.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Roy Otten
- Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | | | | | - Emmanuel Kuntsche
- Radboud University Nijmegen, The Netherlands
- Addiction Info Switzerland, Research Institute, Lausanne, Switzerland
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Pelsser LM, van Steijn DJ, Frankena K, Toorman J, Buitelaar JK, Rommelse NN. A randomized controlled pilot study into the effects of a restricted elimination diet on family structure in families with ADHD and ODD. Child Adolesc Ment Health 2013; 18:39-45. [PMID: 32847264 DOI: 10.1111/j.1475-3588.2012.00652.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Behavioural improvements of children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) following a restricted elimination diet (RED), may be due to concurrent changes in family environment. METHODS Twenty-four children with ADHD, were randomized to either a 5-week RED intervention, or a control intervention consisting of healthy food advices in a pilot study. RESULTS No differences in family environment were found, neither at baseline nor when comparing the start and end measurements of both groups. CONCLUSIONS In this pilot study, the effects of an RED on ADHD and ODD are not mediated by improvement of family environment in families motivated to follow an RED. Replication of this preliminary study in larger groups of children is advised.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Daphne J van Steijn
- Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands
| | - Klaas Frankena
- Wageningen University, Quantitative Veterinary Epidemiology Group, Wageningen, The Netherlands
| | - Jan Toorman
- Catharina Hospital, Eindhoven, The Netherlands
| | - Jan K Buitelaar
- Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Departments of Psychiatry and Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, The Netherlands
| | - Nanda N Rommelse
- Karakter Child and Adolescent Psychiatry University Centre, Nijmegen, The Netherlands.,Departments of Psychiatry and Cognitive Neuroscience, Radboud University Nijmegen Medical Centre, The Netherlands
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