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Huang J, Wang C, Zhang HB, Zheng H, Huang T, Di JZ. Neuroimaging and neuroendocrine insights into food cravings and appetite interventions in obesity. PSYCHORADIOLOGY 2023; 3:kkad023. [PMID: 38666104 PMCID: PMC10917384 DOI: 10.1093/psyrad/kkad023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 09/30/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
This article reviews the previous studies on the distinction between food cravings and appetite, and how they are regulated by hormones and reflected in brain activity. Based on existing research, food cravings are defined as individual preferences influenced by hormones and psychological factors, which differ from appetite, as they are not necessarily related to hunger or nutritional needs. The article also evaluates the neuroimaging findings about food cravings, and interventions to reduce food cravings, such as mindfulness training, alternative sweeteners, non-invasive brain stimulation techniques, cognitive-behavioral therapy, and imaginal retraining, and points out their advantages, disadvantages, and limitations. Furthermore, the article delves into the potential future directions in the field, emphasizing the need for a neuroendocrine perspective, considerations for associated psychiatric disorders, innovative clinical interventions, and emerging therapeutic frontiers in obesity management. The article outlines the neuro-endocrine basis of food cravings, including ghrelin, leptin, melanocortin, oxytocin, glucagon-like peptide-1, baclofen, and other hormones and their brain regions of action. The article argues that food cravings are an important target for obesity, and more research is needed to explore their complex characteristics and mechanisms, and how to effectively interact with their neuro-endocrine pathways. The article provides a new perspective and approach to the prevention and treatment of obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jin Huang
- Department of Metabolic & Bariatric Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Chen Wang
- Department of Metabolic & Bariatric Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
| | - Hang-Bin Zhang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Brain Health Institute, National Centre for Mental Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Centre, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Hui Zheng
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders, Brain Health Institute, National Centre for Mental Disorders, Shanghai Mental Health Centre, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Tao Huang
- Xuhui Health Care Commission, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Jian-Zhong Di
- Department of Metabolic & Bariatric Surgery, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, Shanghai 200233, China
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Smith KE, Wang WL, Mason TB. Facets of impulsivity and reward in relation to binge-eating disorder course of illness among children: findings from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study. J Child Psychol Psychiatry 2023; 64:1056-1066. [PMID: 36951577 PMCID: PMC10860341 DOI: 10.1111/jcpp.13789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The present study examined facets of impulsivity and reward sensitivity [as measured by the UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scale and Behavioral Activation and Behavioral Inhibition Scales (BIS/BAS)] as multivariable predictors of subsequent binge-eating disorder (BED) course of illness in middle childhood. METHODS The current sample included children aged 9-10 years (N = 9,438) who took part in the baseline and 1-year follow-up assessments of the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development (ABCD) study. BED course was operationalized as those who never developed BED or subthreshold BED (SBED) ('control'), were diagnosed with BED/SBED at year 1 but not baseline ('developers'), were diagnosed with BED/SBED at baseline but not year 1 ('remitters'), or were diagnosed with BED/SBED at both times ('maintainers'). RESULTS Higher baseline BIS/BAS reward responsivity scores were related to the greater likelihood of belonging to the maintainer group relative to the control and remitter groups (ORs1.12-1.19). Regarding covariates, higher baseline body mass index percentile and internalizing symptoms were related to the greater likelihood of BED development, remittance, and maintenance compared to the control group (ORs = 1.04-1.14); no variables were uniquely related to BED development. Exploratory analyses showed that the likelihood of belonging to the maintainer group compared to the control group was greatest at higher levels of negative urgency in combination with high reward responsivity. CONCLUSIONS Heightened reward responsivity may convey risk for poorer BED course in children, while emotional disorder symptomatology may act as a more general risk and maintenance factor for BED.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathryn E Smith
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Wei-Lin Wang
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Tyler B Mason
- Department of Population and Public Health Sciences, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
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Rosenthal A, Chen K, Beck A, Romanczuk-Seiferth N. Modifying Pavlovian-to-instrumental transfer by approach avoidance training in healthy subjects: a proof of concept study. Sci Rep 2023; 13:10074. [PMID: 37344561 PMCID: PMC10284857 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-023-37083-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2022] [Accepted: 06/15/2023] [Indexed: 06/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The modulation of instrumental action by conditioned Pavlovian cues is hypothesized to play a role in the emergence and maintenance of maladaptive behavior. The Pavlovian to Instrumental transfer task (PIT) is designed to examine the magnitude of the influence of cues on behavior and we aim to manipulate the motivational value of Pavlovian cues to reduce their effect on instrumental responding. To this end, we utilized a joystick-based modification of approach and avoidance propensities that has shown success in clinical populations. To examine changes in PIT, we subjected 35 healthy participants to a series of experimental procedures: (1) Instrumental training was followed by (2) Pavlovian conditioning of neutral stimuli that were associated with monetary reward or loss. (3) In a subsequent joystick task, approach and avoidance tendencies toward conditioned cues were assessed. (4) In a transfer test, the PIT effect as the impact of conditioned cues on instrumental behavior was measured. (5) The explicit knowledge of cue-reward contingencies was assessed in a forced-choice phase. (6, 7) systematic joystick training was followed by a posttest (8) the transfer task and forced-choice test were repeated. We found no effect of training on approach-avoidance propensities in the context of this proof of concept study. A higher response rate towards negative stimuli during PIT after systematic training compared to sham training was seen. On the other hand, we saw an increased PIT effect after sham training. These results contribute to the understanding of the strength of the influence of cues on instrumental behavior. Our findings further stress the importance of context, instructions and operationalization of instrumental behavior in the framework of transfer effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Annika Rosenthal
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences|CCM, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany.
| | - Ke Chen
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences|CCM, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
| | - Anne Beck
- Faculty of Health, Health and Medical University, Campus Potsdam, Potsdam, Germany
| | - Nina Romanczuk-Seiferth
- Department of Psychiatry and Neurosciences|CCM, Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin, Corporate Member of Freie Universität Berlin and Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, MSB Medical School Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Neuroanatomical correlates of genetic risk for obesity in children. Transl Psychiatry 2023; 13:1. [PMID: 36596778 PMCID: PMC9810659 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02301-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/22/2022] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity has a strong genetic component, with up to 20% of variance in body mass index (BMI) being accounted for by common polygenic variation. Most genetic polymorphisms associated with BMI are related to genes expressed in the central nervous system. At the same time, higher BMI is associated with neurocognitive changes. However, the direct link between genetics of obesity and neurobehavioral mechanisms related to weight gain is missing. Here, we use a large sample of participants (n > 4000) from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development cohort to investigate how genetic risk for obesity, expressed as polygenic risk score for BMI (BMI-PRS), is related to brain and behavioral measures in adolescents. In a series of analyses, we show that BMI-PRS is related to lower cortical volume and thickness in the frontal and temporal areas, relative to age-expected values. Relatedly, using structural equation modeling, we find that lower overall cortical volume is associated with higher impulsivity, which in turn is related to an increase in BMI 1 year later. In sum, our study shows that obesity might partially stem from genetic risk as expressed in brain changes in the frontal and temporal brain areas, and changes in impulsivity.
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Shields CV, Hultstrand KV, West CE, Gunstad JJ, Sato AF. Disinhibited Eating and Executive Functioning in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:13384. [PMID: 36293963 PMCID: PMC9603143 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192013384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2022] [Revised: 09/12/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
A growing body of research suggests disinhibited eating and weaker executive function (EF) are two risk factors for pediatric obesity. Emerging brain imaging and behavioral findings support the notion that EF skills impact eating regulation. However, a major gap in the current literature is a synthesis of the association between various EF skills and disinhibited eating patterns across child development. To address this gap, a systematic review and meta-analysis was conducted to examine the effect of EF skills on disinhibited eating behaviors among youth ages 3-18 years old. PubMed and PsychINFO databases were utilized and data from 15 studies with a total sample of 4909 youth were included. A random effects meta-analysis revealed a small negative effect of overall EF skills on disinhibited eating behavior, r = -0.14, p < 0.01. Analysis of individual EF skills found working memory had an overall medium negative effect on disinhibited eating behavior, r = -0.25, p < 0.05. Taken together, findings from this meta-analysis support an inverse relationship between EF abilities and disinhibited eating patterns in children and adolescents, such that poorer EF abilities are associated with higher levels of disinhibited eating. Given the effect on eating behavior, future research is needed to assess whether EF difficulties may be a barrier to effective weight management in youth. Specifically, research is needed to examine whether EF skills may be a key target to consider for effective obesity prevention and treatment in children and adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clarissa V. Shields
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
| | - Kara V. Hultstrand
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
| | - Caroline E. West
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
| | - John J. Gunstad
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
- Brain Health Research Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
| | - Amy F. Sato
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
- Brain Health Research Institute, Kent State University, Kent, OH 44242, USA
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Solzbacher J, Czeszumski A, Walter S, König P. Evidence for the embodiment of the automatic approach bias. Front Psychol 2022; 13:797122. [PMID: 36160565 PMCID: PMC9505509 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2022.797122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Tendencies of approach and avoidance seem to be a universal characteristic of humans. Specifically, individuals are faster in avoiding than in approaching negative stimuli and they are faster in approaching than in avoiding positive stimuli. The existence of this automatic approach-avoidance bias has been demonstrated in many studies. Furthermore, this bias is thought to play a key role in psychiatric disorders like drug addiction and phobias. However, its mechanisms are far from clear. Theories of embodied cognition postulate that the nature of gestures plays a key role in this process. To shed light on the role of the involved gesture we employed a 2 × 2 factorial design with two types of stimuli. Participants had either to approach positive and avoid negative stimuli (congruent conditions) or to avoid positive stimuli and approach negative stimuli (incongruent conditions). Further, they responded either with a joystick or a button press on a response pad. Participants reacted faster in congruent conditions, i.e., avoiding negative stimuli and approaching positive stimuli, than in incongruent conditions. This replicates the known approach and avoidance bias. However, direct analysis of the button press condition revealed no reaction time advantage for congruent trials compared to incongruent trials. In contrast, in the joystick condition participants were significantly faster performing congruent reactions than incongruent reactions. This interaction, a significant reaction time advantage, when the response is enacted by moving a joystick towards or away from the body provides evidence that approach-avoidance tendencies have a crucial bodily component.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes Solzbacher
- Institute of Cognitive Science, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
- *Correspondence: Johannes Solzbacher,
| | - Artur Czeszumski
- Institute of Cognitive Science, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
- Department of Clinical Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Sven Walter
- Institute of Cognitive Science, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
| | - Peter König
- Institute of Cognitive Science, Osnabrück University, Osnabrück, Germany
- Department of Neurophysiology and Pathophysiology, University Medical Center Hamburg-Eppendorf, Hamburg, Germany
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Wang D, Huang K, Schulte E, Zhou W, Li H, Hu Y, Fu J. The Association Between Food Addiction and Weight Status in School-Age Children and Adolescents. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:824234. [PMID: 35615452 PMCID: PMC9125319 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.824234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The association between food addiction (FA) and weight status in children and adolescents remains poorly understood. This study aimed to elucidate the association between FA and weight status using the validated Chinese version of the dimensional Yale Food Addiction Scale for Children 2.0 (dYFAS-C 2.0). Methods Participants were enrolled from clinic visitors for regular physical check in a children's hospital. The dYFAS-C 2.0 was translated into Chinese and validated using reliability and validity tests. The participants' body mass index Z score (BMIZ) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) were used to characterize weight status. The FA severity was assessed using the translated dYFAS-C 2.0. Results Among the 903 children and adolescents enrolled, 426 (47.2%) completed the survey [277 (65%) females and 149 (35%) males]. The Cronbach α of translated dYFAS-C 2.0 was 0.934, and confirmatory factor analysis indicated an acceptable model fit. FA correlated positively with BMIZ and WHtR in the whole sample after adjusting for the effect of gender (p < 0.001). Further analyses showed that the correlation remained significant in participants with BMIZ > 1 (p = 0.006) but not in those with BMIZ ≤ 1 (p = 0.220). However, the correlations between FA and WHtR were statistically significant in both participants with or without abdominal obesity (p < 0.05). The FA could explain 12.1 and 15.8% of variance in BMIZ and WHtR, respectively. The corresponding cutoff points of FA for excessive weight risk were 0.7 (BMIZ) and 0.4 (WHtR). Conclusion The dYFAS-C 2.0 has good reliability and validity in the Chinese population. FA is associated with weight status characterized by BMIZ and WHtR, especially in participants with BMIZ > 1 and in those with abdominal obesity. Clinical Trial Registration [www.chictr.org.cn], identifier [ChiCTR2100052239].
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ke Huang
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Erica Schulte
- Center for Weight, Eating, and Lifestyle Science, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Wanying Zhou
- Faculty of Education, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Huiwen Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuzheng Hu
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junfen Fu
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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The roles of implicit approach motivation and explicit reward in excessive and problematic use of social networking sites. PLoS One 2022; 17:e0264738. [PMID: 35294452 PMCID: PMC8926255 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0264738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Despite growing concerns about the addictive potential of social networking sites (SNSs), little is known about the precise neural, cognitive, and emotional processes underpinning compulsive SNS behaviours, such as excessive checking of SNSs. Recent evidence points to the important role of reward in SNS behaviours and one avenue to examine reward processes related to SNSs is the use of behavioural paradigms that allow for the measurement of implicit motivational responses, such as the approach avoidance task (AAT). The AAT has been successfully utilised to capture changes in unconscious reward processes in substance use disorders and other behavioural addictions, with faster approach reactions to addiction-related stimuli reflecting increased wanting/urges to have/consume the reward. In the present study 411 young adults completed an online Visual Approach/Avoidance by the Self Task (VAAST) with social media and control logos as well as other subjective (explicit) measures of reward experience related to SNSs. Our results showed that across participants SNS logos elicited strong approach reactions (compared to control stimuli) and that stronger SNS approach tendencies predicted more frequent SNS checking. Importantly, increased approach motivation was not associated with more problematic use. However, both checking frequency and problematic use were related to alterations of explicit reward processing, including the subjective experience of SNS urges or wanting. We conclude that changes in automatic approach motivation towards SNS stimuli are common in most SNS users, which suggests that implicit imbuement of social media with reward has become pervasive among young adults. Problematic SNS use however may be more reliably indicated by changes in explicit reward processing, such as subjective wanting.
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Galler M, Mikkelsen E, Næs T, Liland KH, Ares G, Varela P. Children’s sweet tooth: Explicit ratings vs. Implicit bias measured by the Approach avoidance task (AAT). Food Qual Prefer 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2021.104416] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/04/2022]
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Awad E, Obeid S, Sacre H, Salameh P, Strahler J, Hallit S. Association between impulsivity and orthorexia nervosa: any moderating role of maladaptive personality traits? Eat Weight Disord 2022; 27:483-493. [PMID: 33840074 DOI: 10.1007/s40519-021-01186-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To explore the possible moderating relation between impulsive behavior and maladaptive personality traits in regards to orthorexia nervosa (ON). METHODS This cross-sectional study was conducted between July and December 2019 and recruited 519 Lebanese adults from seven community pharmacies randomly selected from a list provided by the Lebanese Order of Pharmacists. The Teruel Orthorexia Scale (TOS) was employed to assess orthorexic eating tendencies, the I-8 measured impulsivity and the Personality Inventory for DSM-5 (PID) evaluated maladaptive personality traits. RESULTS Our results showed that, for I-8 subscales, only higher perseverance (B = 0.31) was significantly associated with higher ON. In regard to PID-5 subscales, only higher negative affect (B = - 0.34) was significantly associated with lower ON. Furthermore, significant interactions were found between personality traits and impulsivity to predict TOS-ON. CONCLUSION The current results show that female gender, maladaptive personality traits and impulsivity present contributing factors regarding orthorexic eating. Certain impulsivity dimensions were confirmed to interact with personality traits in the prediction of orthorexic eating thereby highlighting possible risk factors and psychopathological mechanisms. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE Level V, cross-sectional descriptive study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emmanuelle Awad
- Faculty of Social Sciences, Psychology Department, Lund University, Lund, Sweden
| | - Sahar Obeid
- Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon. .,INSPECT-LB, National Institute of Public Health, Clinical Epidemiology and Toxicology, Beirut, Lebanon. .,Research and Psychology Departments, Psychiatric Hospital of the Cross, Jall-Eddib, Lebanon.
| | - Hala Sacre
- INSPECT-LB, National Institute of Public Health, Clinical Epidemiology and Toxicology, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Pascale Salameh
- INSPECT-LB, National Institute of Public Health, Clinical Epidemiology and Toxicology, Beirut, Lebanon.,Faculty of Pharmacy, Lebanese University, Hadat, Lebanon.,University of Nicosia Medical School, Nicosia, Cyprus
| | - Jana Strahler
- Department of Health Psychology and Applied Diagnostics, Faculty of Human-Social Sciences, University of Wuppertal, Wuppertal, Germany.,Department of Psychotherapy and Systems Neuroscience, Faculty of Psychology and Sport Science, University of Giessen, Giessen, Germany
| | - Souheil Hallit
- INSPECT-LB, National Institute of Public Health, Clinical Epidemiology and Toxicology, Beirut, Lebanon. .,Faculty of Medicine and Medical Sciences, Holy Spirit University of Kaslik (USEK), Jounieh, Lebanon.
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Negative Affect and Maladaptive Eating Behavior as a Regulation Strategy in Normal-Weight Individuals: A Narrative Review. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su132413704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Emotions have a powerful influence on eating behavior, and eating behavior can have a powerful effect on emotions. The objective of the present narrative review was to evaluate the relationship between negative affect and maladaptive eating behavior as a regulation strategy in normal-weight individuals. A search of the literature within PubMed®, MEDLINE® and PsycINFO was conducted using a combination of the following terms: “affect”, “negative affect”, “affect regulation” and “maladaptive eating behavior”. A total of 106 papers were identified for full text review and were included in the final set of literature. The manuscript presents an overview of the literature on negative affect and maladaptive eating behavior. It offers a brief overview of restrained, uncontrolled and emotional eating in normal-weight individuals and looks at maladaptive eating behavior used to regulate their affect. Based on the previous research findings, we argue that using more adaptive strategies for emotion regulation (cognitive reappraisal) might result in downregulating integral negative affect to food and in improving eating behavior.
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Shell AL, Oglesby LT, Um M, Stewart JC, Cyders MA. Negative urgency and central adiposity in a community sample: Moderated mediation by depressive symptoms and eating behaviors. Eat Behav 2021; 43:101576. [PMID: 34689078 PMCID: PMC8629961 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2021.101576] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
Negative urgency - acting rashly in response to negative emotions - is a risk factor for central adiposity. We examine whether the relationship between negative urgency and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) is mediated by eating behaviors (emotional eating, external eating, and cognitive restraint) and moderated by depressive symptom severity, factors that could be targeted to reduce risk associated with negative urgency. Using baseline data from the Nathan Kline Institute-Rockland Sample (N = 872; mean age = 42.4 years, SD = 15.3; 65% female; 27% non-White; mean body mass index = 27.9 kg/m2, SD = 5.9), we conducted a series of mediation and moderated mediation analyses controlling for age, sex, race, and socioeconomic status. Overall, there was a positive association between negative urgency and WHtR. Emotional eating (ab = 0.02, SE = 0.003, 95% CI [0.02, 0.03]) and uncontrolled eating (ab = 0.008, SE = 0.002, 95% CI [0.004, 0.01]) were partial mediators of the relationship between negative urgency and WHtR, while cognitive restraint was not. In a parallel mediation model, emotional eating remained significant, while uncontrolled eating did not. Depressive symptom severity moderated the indirect effect of negative urgency on WHtR through emotional eating (bint = -0.08, p < .001) but not the direct effect of negative urgency on WHtR. Our results indicate that emotional eating is a viable potential mechanism explaining the relationship between negative urgency and WHtR, and the indirect effect of negative urgency on WHtR through emotional eating becomes stronger as depressive symptom severity decreases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aubrey L. Shell
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)
| | - Larissa T. Oglesby
- Indiana University-Purdue University Post-Baccaleureate Research Education Program
| | - Miji Um
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)
| | - Jesse C. Stewart
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)
| | - Melissa A. Cyders
- Department of Psychology, Indiana University-Purdue University Indianapolis (IUPUI)
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Vo PT, Fowler N, Rolan EP, Culbert KM, Racine SE, Burt SA, Klump KL. The effects of puberty on associations between mood/personality factors and disordered eating symptoms in girls. Int J Eat Disord 2021; 54:1619-1631. [PMID: 34165208 PMCID: PMC8609476 DOI: 10.1002/eat.23572] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/25/2021] [Revised: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 06/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Negative and positive urgency, anxiety, and depressive symptoms are significant factors of disordered eating (DE) symptoms in early adolescence through young adulthood. However, it is unclear how puberty-a critical developmental milestone that is associated with increased risk for DE symptoms-affects the relationship between these factors and DE symptoms, given that the role of pubertal status has rarely been considered in relation to these associations. Thus, the present study examined whether puberty moderates associations between mood/personality factors and DE in pre-adolescent and adolescent girls. METHOD Participants included 981 girls (aged 8-16 years) from the Michigan State University Twin Registry. Mood/personality factors, pubertal status, and DE were assessed with self-report questionnaires. RESULTS Puberty significantly moderated associations between several factors (negative urgency, positive urgency, trait anxiety, depressive symptoms) and the cognitive symptoms of DE (e.g., shape/weight concerns, body dissatisfaction). Associations between mood/personality factors and cognitive DE were stronger in girls with more advanced pubertal status. By contrast, no significant moderation effects were detected for mood/personality-dysregulated eating (e.g., binge eating, emotional eating) associations. DISCUSSION Findings identify pubertal development as an important moderator of mood/personality-DE symptom associations, especially for cognitive DE symptoms that are known to predict the later onset of clinical pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Phuong T. Vo
- Department of Psychology, Michigan State University
| | | | | | - Kristen M. Culbert
- Department of Family Medicine and Public Health Sciences, Wayne State University
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van Alebeek H, Kahveci S, Blechert J. Improving the touchscreen-based food approach-avoidance task: remediated block-order effects and initial findings regarding validity. OPEN RESEARCH EUROPE 2021; 1:15. [PMID: 37645212 PMCID: PMC10445824 DOI: 10.12688/openreseurope.13241.3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Approach biases to foods may explain why food consumption often diverges from deliberate dietary intentions. Yet, the assessment of behavioural biases with the approach-avoidance tasks (AAT) is often unreliable and validity is partially unclear. The present study continues a series of studies that develop a task based on naturalistic approach and avoidance movements on a touchscreen (hand-AAT). In the hand-AAT, participants are instructed to respond based on the food/non-food distinction, thereby ensuring attention to the stimuli. Yet, this implies the use of instruction switches (i.e., 'approach food - avoid objects' to 'avoid food - approach objects'), which introduce order effects. The present study increased the number of instruction switches to potentially minimize order effects, and re-examined reliability. We additionally included the implicit association task (IAT) and several self-reported eating behaviours to investigate the task's validity. Results replicated the presence of reliable approach biases to foods irrespective of instruction order. Evidence for validity, however, was mixed: biases correlated positively with external eating, increase in food craving and aggregated image valence ratings but not with desire to eat ratings of the individual images considered within participants or the IAT. We conclude that the hand-AAT can reliably assess approach biases to foods that are relevant to self-reported eating patterns.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah van Alebeek
- Department of Psychology, Paris-Lodron-University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Paris-Lodron-University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Sercan Kahveci
- Department of Psychology, Paris-Lodron-University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Paris-Lodron-University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
| | - Jens Blechert
- Department of Psychology, Paris-Lodron-University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
- Center for Cognitive Neuroscience, Paris-Lodron-University of Salzburg, Salzburg, Austria
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15
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Kidd C, Loxton NJ. A narrative review of reward sensitivity, rash impulsivity, and food addiction in adolescents. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2021; 109:110265. [PMID: 33545225 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2021.110265] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 01/10/2021] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Adolescence represents a neurodevelopmental period characterised by heightened reward drive and weaker inhibitory control that may increase vulnerability to compulsive overconsumption of highly-palatable foods and food addiction. This narrative review aimed to summarise research investigating the presence of food addiction in adolescents and establish the role that impulsivity traits (i.e., reward sensitivity and rash impulsivity), previously linked to substance and behavioural addictions, play in contributing to food addiction in this cohort. It was found that the prevalence of food addiction was typically higher in studies that recruited adolescents who were overweight/obese or from clinical populations. Overall, impulsivity was found to be more consistently associated with food addiction, while the relationships between measures of reward sensitivity and food addiction were mixed. Findings of this review suggest trait impulsivity may contribute to food addiction in adolescents, however, further longitudinal and prospective research is recommended to confirm these findings and to investigate the potential interactive effects of reward sensitivity and rash impulsivity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chloe Kidd
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Mt Gravatt Campus, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia
| | - Natalie J Loxton
- School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Mt Gravatt Campus, Brisbane, Queensland, Australia.
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16
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Converging vulnerability factors for compulsive food and drug use. Neuropharmacology 2021; 196:108556. [PMID: 33862029 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2021.108556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Revised: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 04/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Highly palatable foods and substance of abuse have intersecting neurobiological, metabolic and behavioral effects relevant for understanding vulnerability to conditions related to food (e.g., obesity, binge eating disorder) and drug (e.g., substance use disorder) misuse. Here, we review data from animal models, clinical populations and epidemiological evidence in behavioral, genetic, pathophysiologic and therapeutic domains. Results suggest that consumption of highly palatable food and drugs of abuse both impact and conversely are regulated by metabolic hormones and metabolic status. Palatable foods high in fat and/or sugar can elicit adaptation in brain reward and withdrawal circuitry akin to substances of abuse. Intake of or withdrawal from palatable food can impact behavioral sensitivity to drugs of abuse and vice versa. A robust literature suggests common substrates and roles for negative reinforcement, negative affect, negative urgency, and impulse control deficits, with both highly palatable foods and substances of abuse. Candidate genetic risk loci shared by obesity and alcohol use disorders have been identified in molecules classically associated with both metabolic and motivational functions. Finally, certain drugs may have overlapping therapeutic potential to treat obesity, diabetes, binge-related eating disorders and substance use disorders. Taken together, data are consistent with the hypotheses that compulsive food and substance use share overlapping, interacting substrates at neurobiological and metabolic levels and that motivated behavior associated with feeding or substance use might constitute vulnerability factors for one another. This article is part of the special issue on 'Vulnerabilities to Substance Abuse'.
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Van Malderen E, Kemps E, Claes L, Verbeken S, Goossens L. A Dual-Pathway Perspective on Food Choices in Adolescents: The Role of Loss of Control Over Eating. Front Psychol 2021; 12:630000. [PMID: 33868095 PMCID: PMC8044445 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.630000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
Introduction One in three adolescents frequently consume unhealthy snacks, which is associated with negative developmental outcomes. To date, it remains unclear how intrapersonal factors account for food choices in adolescents. Guided by the dual-pathway model, the current study aimed to: (1) examine the joint contribution of inhibitory control and attentional bias in predicting unhealthy food choices in adolescents, and (2) determine whether this mechanism is more pronounced in adolescents who experience loss of control over eating (LOC). Materials and Methods A community sample of 80 adolescents (65% female; 10–17 years old, Mage = 13.28, SD = 1.94) was recruited. Based on a self-report questionnaire, 28.7% of this sample reported at least one episode of LOC over the past month. Food choice was assessed using a computerized food choice task. Both inhibitory control and attentional bias were measured with behavioral tasks (go/no-go and dot probe task, respectively). Binary logistic regressions were conducted to address the research questions. Results Inhibitory control and attentional bias did not significantly interact to predict unhealthy food choices. However, there was a significant three-way interaction between inhibitory control, attentional bias and LOC. For adolescents without LOC, the combination of poor inhibitory control and low attentional bias was significantly associated with unhealthy food choice. Surprisingly, for adolescents with LOC, there was no significant association between unhealthy food choice and inhibitory control or attentional bias. Discussion Dual-pathway processes do not seem to add to the explanation of food choice behavior for adolescents with LOC. For adolescents who do not experience LOC, those with poor inhibitory control combined with low attentional bias might be at particular risk for making unhealthy food choices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Van Malderen
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Eva Kemps
- School of Psychology, Flinders University, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Laurence Claes
- Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences, KU Leuven, Leuven, Belgium.,Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Sandra Verbeken
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Lien Goossens
- Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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Facets of Impulsivity in Relation to Diet Quality and Physical Activity in Adolescence. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:ijerph18020613. [PMID: 33445815 PMCID: PMC7828222 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020613] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/02/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022]
Abstract
Although the construct of impulsivity has generally been found to be associated with obesity and health behaviors in adults, research among adolescents is more limited and studies have yet to elucidate which facets of impulsivity may be most salient with regard to different eating and physical activity behaviors. Therefore, the present cross-sectional study assessed facets of impulsivity, measured by the UPPS-P questionnaire, in relation to health behaviors among adolescents. A sample of 2797 high school students from Los Angeles, California completed self-report measures during the ninth grade. The UPPS-P subscales (i.e., (lack of) premeditation, sensation seeking, (lack of) perseverance, negative urgency, positive urgency) were examined as predictors of unhealthy diet quality (i.e., frequency of consumption of high-fat foods and sweet food and drinks, measured by the National Cancer Institute (NCI) Quick Food Scan) and frequency of vigorous physical activity (measured by the Youth Risk Behavior Surveillance System). Greater sensation seeking, positive urgency, and negative urgency was associated with greater unhealthy diet quality (ps < 0.001). Greater negative urgency and lack of perseverance was associated with less frequent vigorous physical activity, whereas greater sensation seeking, lack of premeditation, and positive urgency was associated with more frequent vigorous physical activity (ps < 0.05). While negative urgency (i.e., impulsivity in the context of negative emotions) was consistently associated with poor health behaviors, other facets of impulsivity may potentiate vigorous physical activity in youth. Together these findings underscore the importance of considering the multidimensional nature of impulsivity in relation to adolescents’ health behaviors and highlight areas for future longitudinal research.
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Minhas M, Murphy CM, Balodis IM, Acuff SF, Buscemi J, Murphy JG, MacKillop J. Multidimensional elements of impulsivity as shared and unique risk factors for food addiction and alcohol misuse. Appetite 2020; 159:105052. [PMID: 33309712 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2020.105052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Revised: 11/15/2020] [Accepted: 11/18/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Food addiction (FA) and alcohol misuse tend to co-occur, which suggests shared factors in the etiology and persistence of these health behaviors. One shared factor that has been linked to both is impulsivity, a multidimensional construct reflecting multiple facets of self-regulatory capacity. However, co-occurrence also raises issues of possible confounding if both domains are not considered concurrently, and the intersection between FA, alcohol misuse, and impulsivity has not been well characterized empirically. Therefore, the current study examined the intersection of FA, alcohol consequences, and multiple indicators of impulsivity. Participants were emerging adults reporting regular heavy episodic drinking recruited from Hamilton, Ontario (N = 730; ages 19.5-23). Participants completed measures of FA, alcohol problems, impulsive personality traits (i.e., Barratt Impulsiveness Scales, UPPS-P Impulsive Behavior Scales), impulsive choice (i.e., delay discounting), impulsive action (i.e., Go/NoGo task). Findings revealed a significant association between FA and alcohol-related consequences and both shared similar associations with specific impulsive personality traits (Positive and Negative Urgency, Lack of Premeditation, Motor and Attentional Impulsivity). However, alcohol-related consequences were uniquely associated with other impulsive personality traits (Lack of Perseverance, Sensation Seeking, Non-planning impulsivity) and impulsive choice, and FA was uniquely associated with impulsive action. Beyond alcohol-related consequences, FA was associated with additional variance in measures of impulsive personality traits (Positive and Negative Urgency, Lack of Premeditation, Motor Impulsivity, and Attentional Impulsivity) and impulsive action, but not impulsive choice. Overall, the current study reveals several common self-regulatory processes associated with both adverse drinking consequences and FA, and that the risk of inadvertent confounding appears to be limited.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meenu Minhas
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, McMaster University & St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Cara M Murphy
- Center for Alcohol and Addiction Studies, Brown University School of Public Health, Providence, RI, USA
| | - Iris M Balodis
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, McMaster University & St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada
| | - Samuel F Acuff
- Department of Psychology, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - Joanna Buscemi
- Department of Psychology, DePaul University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - James G Murphy
- Department of Psychology, The University of Memphis, Memphis, TN, USA
| | - James MacKillop
- Peter Boris Centre for Addictions Research, McMaster University & St. Joseph's Healthcare Hamilton, Hamilton, ON, Canada; Homewood Research Institute, Guelph, ON, Canada.
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20
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Childhood trauma and disordered eating: Exploring the role of alexithymia and beliefs about emotions. Appetite 2020; 154:104802. [PMID: 32717292 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2020.104802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2020] [Revised: 07/04/2020] [Accepted: 07/11/2020] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Although often perceived as non-threatening, disordered eating poses a significant risk to physical and psychological wellbeing. Given the modest effectiveness of current interventions, there is a need to identify specific psychological targets for treatment. One risk factor that has long been liked to eating issues is childhood trauma. The present study aimed to clarify the associations between five distinct forms of trauma and three disordered eating behaviours (Cognitive Restraint, Uncontrolled Eating, and Emotional Eating). In addition, it aimed to determine the role of alexithymia and beliefs about emotions in this association. Three hundred and thirty-two participants from the Australian community completed an online questionnaire measuring alexithymia, beliefs about emotions, disordered eating, and childhood trauma. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses were conducted to examine total effects between independent forms of childhood trauma and eating behaviours, followed by bootstrapped confidence intervals to delineate indirect effects. A significant direct association was evidenced between Childhood Emotional Abuse and Cognitive Restraint, in addition to Childhood Sexual Abuse and Emotional Eating. Numerous indirect effects were detected involving the beliefs that emotions are 'Overwhelming and Uncontrollable' and 'Damaging'. Findings indicated that experiences of childhood trauma were associated with disordered eating behaviours through the detection of significant total and/or indirect effects. However, effect sizes of indirect effects (involving beliefs about emotions) were small, suggesting that there are additional factors involved. Further longitudinal research is necessary to determine the causal direction of these findings.
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21
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Abstract
Objective: It is known that social isolation process has an impact on individuals’ eating behaviours. Continuing nutritional behaviour resulting from emotional eating, uncontrolled eating and cognitive restriction may turn into eating disorders in the future. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the possible effects of Corona Virus Disease-2019 (COVID-19) pandemic and social isolation process on individuals’ nutritional behaviours and body weight changes. Design: Retrospective cohort study. Setting: Nutritional behaviours of the participants before the COVID-19 pandemic and in the social isolation process were evaluated with the Three Factor Nutrition Questionnaire. The changes in individuals’ body weight during this period were also evaluated. Participants: A total of 1036 volunteer individuals (827 women, 209 men) aged 18 years and over participated in the study. Results: During the COVID-19 pandemic and social isolation process, there was an increase in emotional eating and uncontrolled eating behaviours of individuals, but no significant change in cognitive restriction behaviour occurred (P = <0·00; P = <0·00 and P = 0·53, respectively). It was reported that the body weight of 35 % of the individuals who participated in the study increased during this period. Conclusion: Social isolation process practiced as a result of COVID-19 pandemic may lead to changes in some nutritional behaviours. Some precautions should be taken to prevent this situation that occurs in nutritional behaviours from causing negative health problems in the future.
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22
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Czepczor-Bernat K, Brytek-Matera A, Matusik P. The Homeostatic Theory of Obesity: An Empirical Verification of the Circle of Discontent with an Assessment of Its Relationship to Restrained and Uncontrolled Eating among Children and Adolescents. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17176028. [PMID: 32825045 PMCID: PMC7503604 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17176028] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2020] [Revised: 07/13/2020] [Accepted: 08/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
The purpose of the present study was to provide an empirical verification of the Circle of Discontent with an assessment of its relationship to restrained and uncontrolled eating among children and adolescents. This study examined whether our results confirm a new hypothesized model. The total sample comprised 282 children and adolescents (148 girls and 134 boys; 141 participants with normal body weight and 141 with obesity). The mean age was 12.23 years (SD = 2.80), and the average BMI (body mass index) was 23.29 kg/m2 (SD = 6.27). The following were used: Positive and Negative Affect Scale for Children, Children’s Body Image Scale, Figure Rating Scale, Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire and Eating Disorders in Youth. The obtained values of the model fit indices proved the goodness of fit. Our findings show that obesity accompanies body dissatisfaction and uncontrolled and restrictive eating. Moreover, the higher the level of restrictive eating, the lower the level of uncontrolled eating. The relationships between body dissatisfaction, negative affect and restrictive eating, as well as that between uncontrolled eating and high-energy consumption, are significant and positive. Other relationships are non-significant. The above-mentioned relationships established in the Circle of Discontent, as well as relationships of restrained and uncontrolled eating with variables described in the circle, were confirmed. Based on our results, preventive strategies and psychological interventions can be created and may include changes in body image, eating behaviors and emotional functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kamila Czepczor-Bernat
- Faculty of Psychology in Katowice, SWPS University of Social Sciences and Humanities, 40-326 Katowice, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | | | - Paweł Matusik
- School of Medicine in Katowice, Department of Pediatrics and Pediatric Endocrinology, Medical University of Silesia, 40-752 Katowice, Poland;
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23
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Yen JY, Lin HC, Lin PC, Liu TL, Long CY, Ko CH. Leptin and ghrelin concentrations and eating behaviors during the early and late luteal phase in women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder. Psychoneuroendocrinology 2020; 118:104713. [PMID: 32460195 DOI: 10.1016/j.psyneuen.2020.104713] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2019] [Revised: 05/01/2020] [Accepted: 05/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES In this study, we evaluated the changes in leptin and ghrelin concentrations, eating behavior, depression, and impulsivity and their correlations within the luteal phase among women with premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). METHODS In 63 women with PMDD and 53 healthy controls, we prospectively evaluated serum levels of leptin and ghrelin, Body Mass Index(BMI), and self-reported sweet cravings, cognitive restraint, uncontrolled eating, emotional eating, depression, and impulsivity during the early luteal (EL) and late luteal (LL) phases. RESULTS Compared with the controls, the women with PMDD had higher BMI, higher leptin concentrations in the EL and LL phase, and leptin concentrations increased from the EL to the LL phase. However, there is no significant difference in ghrelin. Women with PMDD increased sweet cravings and uncontrolled eating from EL to LL phase. No significant correlation was observed between the EL-LL changes in leptin or ghrelin concentrations and those in eating behaviors. Both depression and impulsivity correlated with sweet craving and uncontrolled eating. Depression mediated the association between PMDD and uncontrolled eating. The BMI of women with PMDD positively correlated with their EL-LL change in leptin, and LL depression levels and emotional eating. CONCLUSION Young women with PMDD had higher leptin concentrations and BMI in the luteal phase. The LL leptin level was not the primary factor responsible for the increased uncontrolled eating of PMDD. Whether the increased eating and depression in the LL phase contribute to the risk of obesity or hyperleptinemia among women with PMDD need to be evaluated in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ju-Yu Yen
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Huang-Chi Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Pai-Cheng Lin
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Municipal Ta-Tung Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Tai-Ling Liu
- Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Cheng-Yu Long
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Hung Ko
- Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung City, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, Kaohsiung Municipal Siaogang Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; Research Center for Substance Addiction and Behavior Addiction, Environmental Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan.
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Naets T, Vervoort L, Tanghe A, De Guchtenaere A, Braet C. Maladaptive Eating in Children and Adolescents With Obesity: Scrutinizing Differences in Inhibition. Front Psychiatry 2020; 11:309. [PMID: 32425824 PMCID: PMC7212434 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2020.00309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/04/2019] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 11/27/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION In order to grasp the complex etiology of childhood obesity, we aim to clarify the relationship between external eating and weight. Based on theory and empirical evidence, we claim that inhibition is an important moderator in this association. In our first research question we expected that high external eating would be related to a higher weight status, especially for those with high inhibition problems. Secondly, we explored the moderating role of inhibition in the association between external eating and weight change after a multidisciplinary obesity treatment. METHOD We investigated n=572 participants (51% boys, aged 7-19) with moderate to extreme obesity recruited in a Belgian inpatient treatment center. At intake, parents reported on inhibition (BRIEF), while the children and adolescents reported on their eating behavior (DEBQ). Weight and length were objectively measured pre and post treatment (ADJUSTED BMI). Two hierarchical linear regression models were built to scrutinize the influence of inhibition on the association between external eating and both baseline weight and weight change. RESULTS First, predicting baseline weight, we found no significant moderating effect of inhibition problems. Second, predicting weight loss, inhibition turned out to be a substantial moderator, specifically in adolescents. Some unexpected gender differences occurred in favor of adolescent boys, in a way that those with high external eating and low inhibition problems lost most weight. CONCLUSION Inhibition problems act as a moderator explaining weight loss, but this only holds for adolescents. This suggests that external eating and inhibition play a complex role in weight loss in certain age and gender categories, and stresses the importance of identifying subgroups for tailoring interventions. For those with high inhibition problems, interventions aimed at increasing inhibition skills might be needed to optimize treatment outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tiffany Naets
- Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology (CCAP) Lab, Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Leentje Vervoort
- Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology (CCAP) Lab, Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
| | - Ann Tanghe
- Obesity Department, Zeepreventorium vzw, De Haan, Belgium
| | | | - Caroline Braet
- Clinical Child and Adolescent Psychology (CCAP) Lab, Department of Developmental, Personality and Social Psychology, Ghent University, Ghent, Belgium
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25
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Mason TB, Dunton GF, Gearhardt AN, Leventhal AM. Emotional disorder symptoms, anhedonia, and negative urgency as predictors of hedonic hunger in adolescents. Eat Behav 2020; 36:101343. [PMID: 31715461 PMCID: PMC7044051 DOI: 10.1016/j.eatbeh.2019.101343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2019] [Revised: 11/05/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
Abstract
Affect and reward are associated with unhealthy eating and weight; however, less research has examined affective predictors of hedonic hunger (i.e., extreme reward responsivity, pleasure toward, and drive for food), particularly among adolescents. Whether symptoms indicative of emotional disturbance increase risk of adverse reward-based eating-related symptoms such as hedonic hunger, is unknown. Such evidence could explain why emotional problems increase risk of eating and weight problems among adolescents, when eating-related health problems often originate. This report examined baseline emotional disorder symptoms, negative urgency (i.e., tendency to act impulsively in response to negative affect), and anhedonia (i.e., loss of interest in activities and decreased pleasure) as prospective predictors of increases in hedonic hunger in adolescents; associations between changes in emotional disturbance problems and hedonic hunger were also examined. Ninth-grade students (N = 2598) from high schools completed paper-and-pencil surveys at baseline and a 1-year follow-up. In a multivariable model controlling for the covariance of emotional problems, higher negative urgency, general anxiety, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms, and lower anhedonia at baseline independently predicted increases in hedonic hunger one year later. Also, increases in negative urgency, general anxiety, and obsessive-compulsive symptoms and decreases in anhedonia independently predicted increases in hedonic hunger. Affect- and reward-related variables may be important contributors to risk of hedonic hunger in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler B Mason
- Deparment of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America.
| | - Genevieve F Dunton
- Deparment of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
| | - Ashley N Gearhardt
- Department of Psychology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, United States of America
| | - Adam M Leventhal
- Deparment of Preventive Medicine, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, United States of America
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26
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Dondzilo L, Rodgers RF, Turnbull G, Bell J. The importance of motivational orientation towards the muscular ideal versus the stigmatised burdensome body in male body dissatisfaction. Body Image 2019; 31:81-87. [PMID: 31476658 DOI: 10.1016/j.bodyim.2019.08.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 08/23/2019] [Accepted: 08/24/2019] [Indexed: 10/26/2022]
Abstract
Internalisation of the muscular ideal is a vulnerability factor for body dissatisfaction in males. It is unclear, however, whether body dissatisfaction results from approach towards the muscular ideal versus fear of the stigmatised burdensome body. The current study sought to address this gap by assessing both approach and avoidance motivation regarding muscular and non-muscular bodies, respectively, and evaluating the unique associations between approach-avoidance tendencies and body dissatisfaction. Eighty-three male undergraduate students completed an implicit measure of approach-avoidance tendencies, the Stimulus Response Compatibility task, and a self-report measure of trait body dissatisfaction. Results revealed that participants were quicker to approach than to avoid muscular bodies; however, there were no differences in approach vs. avoidance tendencies regarding non-muscular bodies. Furthermore, in a multiple regression model comprising motivational bias scores regarding muscular and non-muscular bodies, only an approach bias towards muscular bodies predicted unique variance in body dissatisfaction. These findings are novel in showing an implicit approach motivation towards the muscular ideal in male undergraduates. Furthermore, in this population, motivational orientation towards the muscular ideal, versus the stigmatised burdensome body, seems to be more tightly associated with body dissatisfaction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura Dondzilo
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia.
| | - Rachel F Rodgers
- APPEAR, Department of Applied Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, United States; Department of Psychiatric Emergency & Acute Care, Lapeyronie Hospital, CHRU Montpellier, France
| | - Georgia Turnbull
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Jason Bell
- School of Psychological Science, University of Western Australia, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
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Booth C, Songco A, Parsons S, Heathcote LC, Fox E. The CogBIAS longitudinal study of adolescence: cohort profile and stability and change in measures across three waves. BMC Psychol 2019; 7:73. [PMID: 31730492 PMCID: PMC6858768 DOI: 10.1186/s40359-019-0342-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2019] [Accepted: 10/09/2019] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Adolescence is a time of considerable social, cognitive, and physiological development. It reflects a period of heightened risk for the onset of mental health problems, as well as heightened opportunity for flourishing and resilience. The CogBIAS Longitudinal Study (CogBIAS-L-S) aims to investigate psychological development during adolescence. Methods We present the cohort profile of the sample (N = 504) across three waves of data collection, when participants were approximately 13, 14.5, and 16 years of age. Further, we present descriptive statistics for all of the psychological variables assessed including (a) the self-report mood measures, (b) the other self-report measures, and (c) the behavioural measures. Differential and normative stability were investigated for each variable, in order to assess (i) measurement reliability (internal consistency), (ii) the stability of individual differences (intra-class correlations), and (iii) whether any adolescent-typical developmental changes occurred (multilevel growth curve models). Results Measurement reliability was good for the self-report measures (> .70), but lower for the behavioural measures (between .00 and .78). Differential stability was substantial, as individual differences were largely maintained across waves. Although, stability was lower for the behavioural measures. Some adolescent-typical normative changes were observed, reflected by (i) worsening mood, (ii) increasing impulsivity, and (iii) improvements in executive functions. Conclusions The stability of individual differences was substantial across most variables, supporting classical test theory. Some normative changes were observed that reflected adolescent-typical development. Although, normative changes were relatively small compared to the stability of individual differences. The development of stable psychological characteristics during this period highlights a potential intervention window in early adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Charlotte Booth
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Anna Watts Building Radcliffe Observatory Quarte, Woodstock Road, Oxford, OX2 6GG, UK.
| | - Annabel Songco
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Anna Watts Building Radcliffe Observatory Quarte, Woodstock Road, Oxford, OX2 6GG, UK
| | - Sam Parsons
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Anna Watts Building Radcliffe Observatory Quarte, Woodstock Road, Oxford, OX2 6GG, UK
| | - Lauren Charlotte Heathcote
- Department of Anesthesiology, Perioperative, and Pain Medicine, Stanford University School of Medicine, 1070 Arastradero Road, Palo Alto, CA, 94304, USA
| | - Elaine Fox
- Department of Experimental Psychology, University of Oxford, Anna Watts Building Radcliffe Observatory Quarte, Woodstock Road, Oxford, OX2 6GG, UK
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Aoun C, Nassar L, Soumi S, El Osta N, Papazian T, Rabbaa Khabbaz L. The Cognitive, Behavioral, and Emotional Aspects of Eating Habits and Association With Impulsivity, Chronotype, Anxiety, and Depression: A Cross-Sectional Study. Front Behav Neurosci 2019; 13:204. [PMID: 31555108 PMCID: PMC6742717 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00204] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/09/2019] [Accepted: 08/20/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and objectives: Understanding behavioral issues associated with eating would provide important insight into obesity development and possibly procure ways to prevent its occurrence or to treat it. This study's objectives were to examine links between cognitive, behavioral, and emotional aspects of eating habits and chronotype, impulsivity, anxiety, and depression among university students. Subjects and methods: The following questionnaires were used: TFEQ-R 18, UPPS-short, HADS, and MEQ. All participants gave their informed written consent prior to enrolment. Results: Among females, increased BMI was associated to uncontrolled eating and emotional eating, while in males, BMI was associated to emotional eating only. In males, no associations of BMI with impulsivity were found while in females they were present. Chronotype scores were positively correlated to cognitive restraint and negatively to uncontrolled eating among males. No associations were found for females. CR was lower among females with higher depression scores, while higher anxiety scores were associated to UE among males. Conclusions: This was a cross-sectional study of three cognitive and emotional domains related to eating habits among university students (young adults). Results showed significant correlations between BMI, TFEQ-R18 scores, impulsivity and anxiety or depression. Future studies should replicate findings in samples of individuals with different aspects of eating disorders such as binge eating disorder, food addiction or bulimia nervosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla Aoun
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, Pharmacie Clinique et Contrôle de qualité des médicaments, Faculty of pharmacy, Saint-Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.,Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, Saint-Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Lynn Nassar
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, Pharmacie Clinique et Contrôle de qualité des médicaments, Faculty of pharmacy, Saint-Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.,Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, Saint-Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Stéphanie Soumi
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, Pharmacie Clinique et Contrôle de qualité des médicaments, Faculty of pharmacy, Saint-Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.,Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, Saint-Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Nada El Osta
- Department of Public Health, Faculty of Medicine, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon.,Department of Prosthodontics, Faculty of Dental Medicine, Saint-Joseph University, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Tatiana Papazian
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, Pharmacie Clinique et Contrôle de qualité des médicaments, Faculty of pharmacy, Saint-Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.,Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, Saint-Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Lydia Rabbaa Khabbaz
- Laboratoire de Pharmacologie, Pharmacie Clinique et Contrôle de qualité des médicaments, Faculty of pharmacy, Saint-Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.,Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Pharmacy, Saint-Joseph University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
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Zorrilla EP, Koob GF. Impulsivity Derived From the Dark Side: Neurocircuits That Contribute to Negative Urgency. Front Behav Neurosci 2019; 13:136. [PMID: 31293401 PMCID: PMC6603097 DOI: 10.3389/fnbeh.2019.00136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2019] [Accepted: 06/05/2019] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Negative urgency is a unique dimension of impulsivity that involves acting rashly when in extreme distress and impairments in inhibitory control. It has been hypothesized to derive from stress that is related to negative emotional states that are experienced during the withdrawal/negative affect stage of the addiction cycle. Classically, a transition to compulsive drug use prevents or relieves negative emotional states that result from abstinence or stressful environmental circumstances. Recent work suggests that this shift to the "dark side" is also implicated in impulsive use that derives from negative urgency. Stress and anxious, depressed, and irritable mood have high comorbidity with addiction. They may trigger bouts of drug seeking in humans via both negative reinforcement and negative urgency. The neurocircuitry that has been identified in the "dark side" of addiction involves key neuropeptides in the central extended amygdala, including corticotropin-releasing factor. The present review article summarizes empirical and conceptual advances in the field to understand the role of the "dark side" in driving the risky and detrimental substance use that is associated with negative urgency in addiction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eric P. Zorrilla
- Department of Neuroscience, The Scripps Research Institute, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - George F. Koob
- Neurobiology of Addiction Section, Intramural Research Program, National Institute on Drug Abuse, Baltimore, MD, United States
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30
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Assessment of Automatically Activated Approach–Avoidance Biases Across Appetitive Substances. CURRENT ADDICTION REPORTS 2019. [DOI: 10.1007/s40429-019-00254-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
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31
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Iceta S, Benoit J, Cristini P, Lambert-Porcheron S, Segrestin B, Laville M, Poulet E, Disse E. Attentional bias and response inhibition in severe obesity with food disinhibition: a study of P300 and N200 event-related potential. Int J Obes (Lond) 2019; 44:204-212. [PMID: 30967609 DOI: 10.1038/s41366-019-0360-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2018] [Revised: 02/05/2019] [Accepted: 02/24/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/OBJECTIVE In obesity there is growing evidence for common mechanism between food intake regulation and substance use disorders, especially more attentional bias and less cognitive control. In the present study we investigated whether severely obese subjects with or without disordered eating exhibit electroencephalographic (EEG) event-related potential (ERP) modifications as observed in substance abusers. SUBJECTS/METHODS A total of 90 women were included; 30 in the normal-weight (NW) group (18.5 < BMI < 24.5 kg/m2; no food disinhibition or restriction on the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire) and 60 participants with BMI ≥ 35 kg/m2 were separated into two groups (n = 30): without food disinhibition (disinhibition score ≤8; ObFD- group) and with food disinhibition (score >8; ObFD+). Clinical and metabolic parameters as well as compartmental aspects (Eating Disorders Inventory-2, EDI-2) were assessed. Participants underwent an ERP recording with an auditory oddball paradigm. RESULTS The mean ± SD P300 amplitudes in Pz were significantly (p < 0.05) lower in ObFD- (12.4 ± 4.6) and ObFD+ (12.5 ± 4.4) groups than in the NW group (15.8 ± 5.9). The mean ± SD N200 amplitude in Cz was significantly lower in the ObFD- group (-2.0 ± 5.4) than in the NW group (-5.2 ± 4.2 vs; p = 0.035). N200 Cz amplitude was correlated with EDI-2 Binge eating risk score (ρ = 0.331; p = 0.01), EDI-2 Body Dissatisfaction score (ρ = 0.351; p = 0.007), and Drive for Thinness score (ρ = 0.26; p = 0.05). CONCLUSIONS The present study provides evidence for reduction of P300 and N200 amplitude in obese women and that N200 amplitude may be related to more disordered eating and eating disorder risk. This leads to consider attentional bias and response inhibition as core mechanisms in obesity and as possible targets for new therapeutic strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvain Iceta
- Centre Référent pour l'Anorexie et les Troubles du Comportement Alimentaire (CREATYON), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France. .,INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), Equipe PSYR2 Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, Lyon, France. .,Centre Intégré de l'Obésité Rhône-Alpes; Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire DO-iT, Service Endocrinologie-Diabète-Nutrition, Université de Lyon, Groupement Hospitalier Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.
| | - Julien Benoit
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Rhône-Alpes, Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Hospices Civils de Lyon, CENS, FCRIN/FORCE Network, Pierre Benite, France
| | - Philippe Cristini
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Rhône-Alpes, Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Hospices Civils de Lyon, CENS, FCRIN/FORCE Network, Pierre Benite, France
| | - Stéphanie Lambert-Porcheron
- Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Rhône-Alpes, Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Hospices Civils de Lyon, CENS, FCRIN/FORCE Network, Pierre Benite, France
| | - Bérénice Segrestin
- Centre Référent pour l'Anorexie et les Troubles du Comportement Alimentaire (CREATYON), Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Rhône-Alpes, Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Hospices Civils de Lyon, CENS, FCRIN/FORCE Network, Pierre Benite, France
| | - Martine Laville
- Centre Intégré de l'Obésité Rhône-Alpes; Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire DO-iT, Service Endocrinologie-Diabète-Nutrition, Université de Lyon, Groupement Hospitalier Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Rhône-Alpes, Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Hospices Civils de Lyon, CENS, FCRIN/FORCE Network, Pierre Benite, France
| | - Emmanuel Poulet
- INSERM U1028, CNRS UMR5292, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Centre de Recherche en Neurosciences de Lyon (CRNL), Equipe PSYR2 Centre Hospitalier Le Vinatier, Lyon, France
| | - Emmanuel Disse
- Centre Intégré de l'Obésité Rhône-Alpes; Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire DO-iT, Service Endocrinologie-Diabète-Nutrition, Université de Lyon, Groupement Hospitalier Sud, Hospices Civils de Lyon, Lyon, France.,Centre de Recherche en Nutrition Humaine Rhône-Alpes, Univ-Lyon, CarMeN Laboratory, Université Claude Bernard Lyon1, Hospices Civils de Lyon, CENS, FCRIN/FORCE Network, Pierre Benite, France
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Pérez-Fuentes MDC, Molero Jurado MDM, Simón Márquez MDM, Gázquez Linares JJ. The Reasons for Doing Physical Exercise Mediate the Effect of Self-Esteem on Uncontrolled Eating Amongst Nursing Personnel. Nutrients 2019; 11:E302. [PMID: 30709054 PMCID: PMC6412205 DOI: 10.3390/nu11020302] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2019] [Revised: 01/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/30/2019] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since the beginning of the 20th century, the importance of creating healthy work environments and promoting the health of workers in the healthcare sector to create Healthy and Resilient Organizations has been emphasized. In this context, self-esteem is an essential construct which influences health and healthy life styles, and, therefore, the general wellbeing of nurses. The objective of this study was to analyze the mediating role of reasons for exercising in the effect that self-esteem has on uncontrolled eating by nursing professionals. METHODS The sample was made up of 1094 nurses who were administered the Rosenberg General Self-Esteem Scale, the Goal Content for Exercise Questionnaire, and the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire-R18. RESULTS Bivariate correlation analysis and multiple mediation analysis showed that self-esteem has direct and indirect effects on uncontrolled eating. Moreover, self-esteem determines whether one does physical exercise to improve one's image, recognition, or social affiliation-although the effects on uncontrolled eating were only significant in the case of image. CONCLUSIONS The results have important practical implications in the framework of Positive Occupational Health Psychology (POHP) as they emphasize self-esteem, physical exercise and eating as essential aspects of the health and wellbeing of employees in the healthcare sector, highlighting the importance of creating organizations committed to promoting the psychosocial health of their workers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - José Jesús Gázquez Linares
- Departament of Psychology, University of Almería, 04120 Almería, Spain.
- Departament of Psychology, Universidad Autónoma de Chile, 4780000 Santiago, Chile.
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