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Başkale H, Sert HP. Psychometric properties of the Turkish version of the eating in the absence of hunger in children and adolescents (EAH-C). J Pediatr Nurs 2024; 77:117-124. [PMID: 38518687 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2024.03.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2023] [Revised: 03/08/2024] [Accepted: 03/08/2024] [Indexed: 03/24/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND PURPOSE Eating in the absence of hunger is a risk factor for excessive energy intake and predisposes children to overweight/obesity. The purpose of this study was to test the validity and reliability of the "Eating in the Absence of Hunger Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents (EAH-C)" in Türkiye. METHODS This study was conducted in a total of six schools, with children 8-18 years old between September and December 2022. Factor analysis, item-total score analysis and Cronbach's alpha coefficient were used for the validity and reliability. RESULTS The calculated KMO statistic was >0.60, and the Bartlett's test statistic was <0.05. The three subscales accounted for 65.22% of the total variance. Factor loads ranged from 0.41 to 0.84. The value obtained by dividing χ2 by the number of degrees of freedom was <5; the RMSEA was <0.10; the RMR was <0.08; and the TLI, GFI, AGFI, and CFI were >0.90. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was 0.91 for the total scale. CONCLUSIONS Our study has confirmed that the Turkish-language version of the EAH-C is a valid and reliable tool. PRACTICE IMPLICATIONS In the effort of prevention of childhood obesity, identifying eating behaviors in the absence of hunger in children and adolescents will benefit policymakers to develop intervention and prevention programs, in addition to providing guidance to pediatric nurses, all healthcare professionals, researchers, children, and parents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hatice Başkale
- Pamukkale University, Faculty of Health Scıences, Kinikli, Denizli, Turkey.
| | - Hilal Parlak Sert
- Pamukkale University, Denizli Healthcare Vocational School, Kinikli, Denizli, Turkey.
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2
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Cheon BK, Smith MR, Bittner JMP, Loch LK, Haynes HE, Bloomer BF, Te-Vazquez JA, Bowling AI, Brady SM, Tanofsky-Kraff M, Chen KY, Yanovski JA. Lower subjective social status is associated with increased adiposity and self-reported eating in the absence of hunger due to negative affect among children reporting teasing distress. J Pediatr Psychol 2024; 49:462-472. [PMID: 38637284 PMCID: PMC11258810 DOI: 10.1093/jpepsy/jsae024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2023] [Revised: 03/14/2024] [Accepted: 03/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/20/2024] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Low social standing and teasing are independently associated with increased body mass index (BMI) and overeating in children. However, children with low social status may be vulnerable to teasing. METHODS We tested the statistical interaction of subjective social status (SSS) and subjective socioeconomic status (SSES) and teasing distress on BMI, fat mass index (FMI), and eating in the absence of hunger (EAH) in children (Mage = 13.09 years, SD = 2.50 years; 27.8% overweight/obese). Multiple linear regressions identified the main effects of self-reported SSS (compared to peers in school), distress due to teasing, and their interaction on BMI (n = 115), FMI (n = 114), and child- (n = 100) and parent-reported (n = 97) EAH. RESULTS Teasing distress was associated with greater BMI, FMI, and child-reported EAH due to negative affect (a subscale of EAH) and total EAH scores. There were no associations of SSS with these outcomes. However, there was an interaction between SSS and teasing distress for BMI, FMI, and EAH from negative affect such that lower SSS was associated with higher BMI, FMI, and EAH from negative affect in the presence of teasing distress. However, there were no main effects or interactions (with teasing distress) of SSES on the outcomes. CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that the relationship between lower SSS and increased adiposity and overeating behaviors may be exacerbated by other threats to social standing, such as teasing. Children exposed to multiple social threats may be more susceptible to eating beyond physiological need and obesity than those who experience a single form of perceived social disadvantage.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bobby K Cheon
- Social and Behavioral Sciences Branch, Division of Population Health Research, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Meegan R Smith
- Social and Behavioral Sciences Branch, Division of Population Health Research, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Julia M P Bittner
- Social and Behavioral Sciences Branch, Division of Population Health Research, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Lucy K Loch
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Hannah E Haynes
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Military Cardiovascular Outcomes Research Program, Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Metis Foundation, San Antonio, TX, United States
| | - Bess F Bloomer
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jennifer A Te-Vazquez
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Andrea I Bowling
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Sheila M Brady
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Marian Tanofsky-Kraff
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Military Cardiovascular Outcomes Research Program, Department of Medicine, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
- Department of Medical and Clinical Psychology, Uniformed Services University of the Health Sciences, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Kong Y Chen
- Diabetes, Endocrinology, and Obesity Branch, Division of Intramural Research, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
| | - Jack A Yanovski
- Section on Growth and Obesity, Division of Intramural Research, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States
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Savard C, Bégin S, Robitaille J, Hivert MF, Parent S, Gingras V. Construct validity and reliability of a French-Canadian translation of the eating in the absence of hunger questionnaire for children and adolescents. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2024. [PMID: 38820601 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2023-0609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/02/2024]
Abstract
Eating in the absence of hunger (EAH) has been associated with overweight and obesity during childhood. The gold standard to assess this behavior is a laboratory-based protocol, but a questionnaire to assess EAH more efficiently in children and adolescents has been developed and validated in English. We assessed construct validity (structural and convergent validity) and reliability (internal consistency and temporal stability) of a French translation of the EAH Questionnaire for Children and Adolescents among French-Canadian youths. We recruited participants in Montreal (Canada) aged 7-15 years old, who completed the questionnaire and provided anthropometric data. We asked participants to complete the questionnaire a second time ∼4 weeks later. The questionnaire consists of 14 questions and 3 subscales that assess EAH due to negative affect, fatigue/boredom, and external cues. We performed an exploratory factor analysis to test the factor structure and we calculated Cronbach alpha coefficients and intra-class correlations to assess internal consistency and temporal stability, respectively. We assessed associations between EAH and BMI z-score using Pearson correlations. We included 196 participants (50% girls; mean (SD) 11.9 (2.3) years old) for the first completion and 153 for the second completion. The exploratory factor analysis generated the same three subscales as the original questionnaire: negative affect (α = 0.86; ICC = 0.78), fatigue/boredom (α = 0.75; ICC = 0.70), and external cues (α = 0.68; ICC = 0.54). Participant's BMI z-scores were positively associated with the average scores from the negative affect subscale (r = 0.19; ρ = 0.009). Our results suggest that this questionnaire has an adequate construct validity, internal consistency, and temporal stability.
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Affiliation(s)
- C Savard
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1A8, Canada
- Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - S Bégin
- Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
| | - J Robitaille
- School of Nutrition, Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
- Centre de recherche Nutrition santé et société (NUTRISS), Institut sur la nutrition et les aliments fonctionnels (INAF), Université Laval, Québec, QC G1V 0A6, Canada
| | - M-F Hivert
- Department of Population Medicine, Harvard Pilgrim Health Care Institute and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02215, US
| | - S Parent
- Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
- Department of Surgery, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1J4, Canada
| | - V Gingras
- Department of Nutrition, Université de Montréal, Montreal, QC H3T 1A8, Canada
- Sainte-Justine University Hospital Research Centre, Montreal, QC H3T 1C5, Canada
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Goodman LP, Walsh DW, Kunin-Batson A, Sherwood NE, Arlinghaus KR. Adolescent sources of stress, stress levels, and associations between stress and changes in weight outcomes at the time of COVID-19 related school closure in March 2020. Prev Med Rep 2023; 36:102447. [PMID: 37840589 PMCID: PMC10568412 DOI: 10.1016/j.pmedr.2023.102447] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2022] [Revised: 09/25/2023] [Accepted: 09/27/2023] [Indexed: 10/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective Stress is associated with weight changes, yet how level and sources of stress relate to this association is poorly understood. This mixed methods study examined associations between adolescent stress at the COVID-19 pandemic onset and standardized BMI (BMIz) over a three-month period. Methods: Participants (N = 197, mean age 13.66 ± 1.43 years, 85% Hispanic, 56% female) were recruited from a charter school in Texas to participate in a healthy lifestyle intervention during physical education class. We calculated BMIz using height and weight measurements taken December 2019 and the week of COVID-19 school closures in March 2020. We measured stress in March 2020 with the 4-item Perceived Stress Scale. We ran a multiple linear regression model controlling for baseline BMIz (December 2019), age, sex, intervention condition, and assessed the interaction between baseline BMIz and PSS-4 score on BMIz change. Results Overall, our sample had an average PSS-4 score of seven and mean BMIz decrease of 0.04 over the three-month period. We observed a significant interaction between PSS-4 score and baseline BMIz. At lower baseline BMIz scores, higher PSS-4 scores were associated with decreases in BMIz over time. There was no significant association at higher baseline BMIz scores. COVID-19 pandemic-related concerns and school performance were the two primary stressors reported. Conclusions The relation between stress and weight changes differed based on starting weight status. Future interventions should consider the influence of external stressors on intervention adherence and outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lenora P. Goodman
- University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - David W. Walsh
- University of Houston, Department of Health and Human Performance, TX, USA
| | - Alicia Kunin-Batson
- University of Minnesota Medical School, Department of Pediatrics, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Nancy E. Sherwood
- University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - Katherine R. Arlinghaus
- University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, Minneapolis, MN, USA
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Liu C, Neiderhiser JM, Ram N, Leve LD, Shaw DS, Natsuaki MN, Reiss D, Ganiban JM. Modeling BMI z score lability during childhood as a function of child temperament and genetic risk for obesity. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2023; 31:2593-2602. [PMID: 37724056 PMCID: PMC10846492 DOI: 10.1002/oby.23867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2023] [Revised: 06/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/21/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE This study aimed to examine whether child genetic risk for obesity and temperament (i.e., negative affectivity, effortful control) accounted for stability versus lability in children's weight status (BMI z score) over time. METHODS A total of 561 adopted children (42% female; 56% Caucasian, 13% African American, 11% Latino, and 20% other) and their birth and adoptive parents were followed from birth to age 9 years. The multilevel location-scale model was used to examine whether child genetic risk for obesity and temperament were related to differences in level and lability in child BMI z scores over time. RESULTS For the full sample, higher levels of child negative affectivity were associated with greater BMI z score lability, whereas higher levels of effortful control and children's mean-level BMI z scores were related to less lability across childhood. Additional analyses examined associations within groups of children with healthy versus overweight/obesity weight statuses. Within the healthy weight status group only, better effortful control was associated with more stable BMI z scores, whereas genetic risk for higher BMI was associated with more labile BMI z scores. CONCLUSIONS These findings provide insights into factors that can be harnessed to redirect unhealthy trajectories as well as factors that may challenge redirection or maintain a healthy trajectory.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chang Liu
- Washington State University, Department of Psychology, Pullman, WA, USA
| | - Jenae M. Neiderhiser
- The Pennsylvania State University, Department of Psychology, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Nilam Ram
- Stanford University, Departments of Psychology and Communication, Stanford, CA, USA
| | - Leslie D. Leve
- University of Oregon, Prevention Science Institute, Eugene, OR, USA
| | - Daniel S. Shaw
- University of Pittsburgh, Department of Psychology, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Misaki N. Natsuaki
- University of California, Riverside, Department of Psychology, Riverside, CA, USA
| | - David Reiss
- Yale University, Child Study Center, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Jody M. Ganiban
- George Washington University, Department of Psychological & Brain Sciences, Washington, DC, USA
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Russell A, Jansen E, Burnett AJ, Lee J, Russell CG. Children's eating behaviours and related constructs: conceptual and theoretical foundations and their implications. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2023; 20:19. [PMID: 36793039 PMCID: PMC9933409 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-023-01407-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/24/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is a substantial body of research on children's eating behaviours (e.g., food responsiveness and fussiness) and related constructs (e.g., eating in the absence of hunger, appetite self-regulation). This research provides a foundation for understanding children's dietary intakes and healthy eating behaviours, as well as efforts at intervention, whether in relation to food avoidance, overeating and/or trajectories to excess weight gain. The success of these efforts and their associated outcomes is dependent on the theoretical foundation and conceptual clarity of the behaviours and constructs. This, in turn contributes to the coherence and precision of the definitions and measurement of these behaviours and constructs. Limited clarity in these areas ultimately creates uncertainty around the interpretation of findings from research studies and intervention programs. At present there does not appear to be an overarching theoretical framework of children's eating behaviours and associated constructs, or for separate domains of children's eating behaviours/constructs. The main purpose of the present review was to examine the possible theoretical foundations of some of the main current questionnaire and behavioural measures of children's eating behaviours and related constructs. METHODS We reviewed the literature on the most prominent measures of children's eating behaviours for use with children aged ~ 0-12 years. We focused on the explanations and justifications for the original design of the measures and whether these included theoretical perspectives, as well as current theoretical interpretations (and difficulties) of the behaviours and constructs. RESULTS We found that the most commonly used measures had their foundations in relatively applied or practical concerns rather than theoretical perspectives. CONCLUSIONS We concluded, consistent with Lumeng & Fisher (1), that although existing measures have served the field well, to advance the field as a science, and better contribute to knowledge development, increased attention should be directed to the conceptual and theoretical foundations of children's eating behaviours and related constructs. Suggestions for future directions are outlined.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alan Russell
- grid.1014.40000 0004 0367 2697College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Flinders University, Bedford Park, South Australia Australia
| | - Elena Jansen
- grid.21107.350000 0001 2171 9311Division of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry & Behavioral Sciences, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, USA
| | - Alissa J. Burnett
- grid.1021.20000 0001 0526 7079Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Jookyeong Lee
- grid.1021.20000 0001 0526 7079Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia ,grid.1021.20000 0001 0526 7079CASS Food Research Centre, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
| | - Catherine G. Russell
- grid.1021.20000 0001 0526 7079Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition (IPAN), School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, Geelong, Australia
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Factors Associated with Eating in the Absence of Hunger among Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14224715. [PMID: 36432407 PMCID: PMC9699171 DOI: 10.3390/nu14224715] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Revised: 10/31/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Eating in the absence of hunger (EAH) has been extensively studied over the past two decades and has been associated with excess body weight and the development of obesity. However, determinants of EAH remain uncertain. This systematic review aims to identify individual, familial, and environmental factors associated with EAH among children and adolescents. We included studies with a measure of EAH in participants aged 3-17 years old and including ≥1 factor associated with EAH. Our search identified 1494 articles. Of these, we included 81 studies: 53 cross-sectional, 19 longitudinal and nine intervention studies. In childhood (≤12 years old), EAH increases with age, it is greater in boys compared to girls, and it is positively associated with adiposity. Moreover, EAH development seems to be influenced by genetics. In adolescence, the number of studies is limited; yet, studies show that EAH slightly increases or remains stable with age, is not clearly different between sexes, and findings for overweight or obesity are less consistent across studies in adolescence. For familial factors, parental restrictive feeding practices are positively associated with EAH during childhood, mostly for girls. Studies assessing environmental factors are lacking and robust longitudinal studies spanning from early childhood to adolescence are needed.
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Kidwell KM, Reiter-Purtill J, Decker K, Howarth T, Doland F, Zeller MH. Stress and eating responses in adolescent females predisposed to obesity: A pilot and feasibility study. Appetite 2022; 179:106308. [PMID: 36100044 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.106308] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2022] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To explore how chronic stress, reactivity to acute stress, and obesogenic eating are linked in adolescent females predisposed to obesity. METHODS Participants included 21 adolescent females (mage = 14.57 years) and their biological mothers with obesity (body mass index [BMI] ≥ 30 kg/m2). The pilot and feasibility study involved adolescent self-report of chronic stress, an acute stress-induction paradigm (Trier Social Stress Task, TSST), salivary cortisol collection to assess stress reactivity, and both subjective (self-report) and objective (snack buffet) measures of obesogenic eating. RESULTS Adolescent females reporting high chronic stress were significantly more likely to engage in self-reported emotional and external eating and to have higher food cravings (p's < .05) compared to adolescents with low chronic stress. Effect size estimates suggested a blunting effect of cortisol in the high chronic stress group. Blunted cortisol reactivity significantly predicted higher self-reported food cravings for the high chronic stress group (p = .04). Associations among chronic stress, cortisol, and self-reported and objective obesogenic eating reflected medium to large effect sizes. CONCLUSIONS This study built on limited extant research on stress and eating to demonstrate that chronic stress was associated with self-reported obesogenic eating patterns in adolescent females predisposed to obesity. Different patterns of cortisol reactivity and eating emerged depending on chronic stress group (low versus high). Understanding these eating patterns in the context of chronic stress can inform interventions to reduce obesity risks in adolescence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine M Kidwell
- Division of Behavioral Medicine Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA; Department of Psychology, Syracuse University, 430 Huntington Hall, Syracuse, NY, 13244, USA.
| | - Jennifer Reiter-Purtill
- Division of Behavioral Medicine Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Kristina Decker
- Division of Behavioral Medicine Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Taylor Howarth
- Division of Behavioral Medicine Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Faye Doland
- Division of Behavioral Medicine Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
| | - Meg H Zeller
- Division of Behavioral Medicine Clinical Psychology, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center, 3333 Burnet Ave, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH, 45229, USA
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The Impact of Sport Activity Shut down during the COVID-19 Pandemic on Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults: Was It Worthwhile? INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19137908. [PMID: 35805566 PMCID: PMC9265880 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19137908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2022] [Revised: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 06/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
We conducted a national retrospective survey of 1764 athletes aged ≤25 years to investigate the benefit–risk balance of sport closure during the COVID-19 pandemic peaks in Italy. Univariate and multivariable analyses were carried out to investigate the association between sport practice during the study period and (1) the risk of SARS-CoV-2 infection in athletes and their families and (2) body mass index (BMI) change, and adherence to World Health Organization (WHO) guidelines for physical activity. The percentage of subjects with a positive SARS-CoV-2 test was similar in those participating and not taking part into sport activities (11% vs. 12%, respectively, p = 0.31). Restricting the analysis to subjects who practiced sports within an organized sport society/center, the risk of SARS-CoV-2 positivity was reduced for athletes who had never stopped their training (odds ratio (OR); 95% confidence intervals (CI): 0.62; 0.41–0.93). On the other side, responders who had stopped sport activity showed a 1% increase in BMI. Adherence to WHO guidelines for physical activity was significantly higher for athletes who had continued sport activities. In conclusion, sport closure and limitations had an important negative impact on the overall health of young athletes, being also not effective in reducing the spread of COVID-19.
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A Framework for Developing Translationally Relevant Animal Models of Stress-Induced Changes in Eating Behavior. Biol Psychiatry 2022; 91:888-897. [PMID: 34433512 PMCID: PMC8720907 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopsych.2021.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2021] [Revised: 06/22/2021] [Accepted: 06/24/2021] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Stress often affects eating behaviors, leading to increased eating in some individuals and decreased eating in others. Identifying physiological and psychological factors that determine the direction of eating responses to stress has been a major goal of epidemiological and clinical studies. However, challenges of standardizing the stress exposure in humans hinder efforts to uncover the underlying mechanisms. The issue of what determines the direction of stress-induced feeding responses has not been directly addressed in animal models, but assays that combine stress with a feeding-related task are commonly used as readouts of other behaviors, such as anxiety. Sex, estrous cyclicity, circadian cyclicity, caloric restriction, palatable diets, elevated body weight, and properties of the stressors similarly influence feeding behavior in humans and rodent models. Yet, most rodent studies do not use conditions that are most relevant for studying feeding behavior in humans. This review proposes a conceptual framework for incorporating these influences to develop reproducible and translationally relevant assays to study effects of stress on food intake. Such paradigms have the potential to uncover links between emotional eating and obesity as well as to the etiology of eating disorders.
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Wang D, Huang K, Schulte E, Zhou W, Li H, Hu Y, Fu J. The Association Between Food Addiction and Weight Status in School-Age Children and Adolescents. Front Psychiatry 2022; 13:824234. [PMID: 35615452 PMCID: PMC9125319 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyt.2022.824234] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2021] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The association between food addiction (FA) and weight status in children and adolescents remains poorly understood. This study aimed to elucidate the association between FA and weight status using the validated Chinese version of the dimensional Yale Food Addiction Scale for Children 2.0 (dYFAS-C 2.0). Methods Participants were enrolled from clinic visitors for regular physical check in a children's hospital. The dYFAS-C 2.0 was translated into Chinese and validated using reliability and validity tests. The participants' body mass index Z score (BMIZ) and waist-to-height ratio (WHtR) were used to characterize weight status. The FA severity was assessed using the translated dYFAS-C 2.0. Results Among the 903 children and adolescents enrolled, 426 (47.2%) completed the survey [277 (65%) females and 149 (35%) males]. The Cronbach α of translated dYFAS-C 2.0 was 0.934, and confirmatory factor analysis indicated an acceptable model fit. FA correlated positively with BMIZ and WHtR in the whole sample after adjusting for the effect of gender (p < 0.001). Further analyses showed that the correlation remained significant in participants with BMIZ > 1 (p = 0.006) but not in those with BMIZ ≤ 1 (p = 0.220). However, the correlations between FA and WHtR were statistically significant in both participants with or without abdominal obesity (p < 0.05). The FA could explain 12.1 and 15.8% of variance in BMIZ and WHtR, respectively. The corresponding cutoff points of FA for excessive weight risk were 0.7 (BMIZ) and 0.4 (WHtR). Conclusion The dYFAS-C 2.0 has good reliability and validity in the Chinese population. FA is associated with weight status characterized by BMIZ and WHtR, especially in participants with BMIZ > 1 and in those with abdominal obesity. Clinical Trial Registration [www.chictr.org.cn], identifier [ChiCTR2100052239].
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Wang
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ke Huang
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Erica Schulte
- Center for Weight, Eating, and Lifestyle Science, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, United States
| | - Wanying Zhou
- Faculty of Education, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom
| | - Huiwen Li
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yuzheng Hu
- Department of Psychology and Behavioral Sciences, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Junfen Fu
- National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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12
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Francois M, Canal Delgado I, Shargorodsky N, Leu CS, Zeltser L. Assessing the effects of stress on feeding behaviors in laboratory mice. eLife 2022; 11:e70271. [PMID: 35167441 PMCID: PMC8846584 DOI: 10.7554/elife.70271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2021] [Accepted: 12/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress often affects eating behaviors, increasing caloric intake in some individuals and decreasing it in others. The determinants of feeding responses to stress are unknown, in part because this issue is rarely studied in rodents. We focused our efforts on the novelty-suppressed feeding (NSF) assay, which uses latency to eat as readout of anxiety-like behavior, but rarely assesses feeding per se. We explored how key variables in experimental paradigms - estrous and diurnal cyclicity, age and duration of social isolation, prandial state, diet palatability, and elevated body weight - influence stress-induced anxiety-like behavior and food intake in male and female C57BL/6J mice. Latency to eat in the novel environment is increased in both sexes across most of the conditions tested, while effects on caloric intake are variable. In the common NSF assay (i.e., lean mice in the light cycle), sex-specific effects of the length of social isolation, and not estrous cyclicity, are the main source of variability. Under conditions that are more physiologically relevant for humans (i.e., overweight mice in the active phase), the novel stress now elicits robust hyperphagia in both sexes . This novel model of stress eating can be used to identify underlying neuroendocrine and neuronal substrates. Moreover, these studies can serve as a framework to integrate cross-disciplinary studies of anxiety and feeding related behaviors in rodents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marie Francois
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Division of Molecular Genetics, Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Isabella Canal Delgado
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Division of Molecular Genetics, Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Nikolay Shargorodsky
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Division of Molecular Genetics, Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Cheng-Shiun Leu
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Division of Molecular Genetics, Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
- Department of Biostatistics, Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
| | - Lori Zeltser
- Naomi Berrie Diabetes Center, Division of Molecular Genetics, Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
- Department of Pathology and Cell Biology, Columbia University Irving Medical CenterNew YorkUnited States
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13
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Pietrabissa G, Volpi C, Bottacchi M, Bertuzzi V, Guerrini Usubini A, Löffler-Stastka H, Prevendar T, Rapelli G, Cattivelli R, Castelnuovo G, Molinari E, Sartorio A. The Impact of Social Isolation during the COVID-19 Pandemic on Physical and Mental Health: The Lived Experience of Adolescents with Obesity and Their Caregivers. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:3026. [PMID: 33804231 PMCID: PMC7999166 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18063026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2021] [Revised: 03/07/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Adolescence is a complex developmental phase, made more complex by obesity and the social isolation imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic. The literature related to the impact of social isolation on obesity self-management in adolescents is scant and inconsistent. This paper describes the phenomenon from the perspectives of a sample of adolescents with obesity enrolled in an inpatients' multidisciplinary rehabilitation program for weight-loss and their caregivers, and its impact on different life domains. Individual semi-structured ad hoc interviews were conducted with 10 adolescent-caregiver dyads, and narratives were qualitatively investigated using an interpretative phenomenology approach to data. Twenty participants took part in the study. The major themes that emerged from this study fall into five basic categories: (1) COVID-19 as an opportunity to reconsider what makes a good life; (2) Persistence in life; (3) Empowering relationship; (4) Daily routine in quarantine; (5) Lives on hold. Understandings drawn from this study may assist health care professionals in providing holistic support, and guidance to adolescents with weight-related issues and their caregivers who experience social isolation during the COVID-19 pandemic.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giada Pietrabissa
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Psychology Research Laboratory, 20145, Milan, Italy; (G.P.); (C.V.); (M.B.); (A.G.U.); (G.R.); (R.C.); (G.C.); (E.M.)
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Milan, 20123 Milan, Italy;
| | - Clarissa Volpi
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Psychology Research Laboratory, 20145, Milan, Italy; (G.P.); (C.V.); (M.B.); (A.G.U.); (G.R.); (R.C.); (G.C.); (E.M.)
| | - Michela Bottacchi
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Psychology Research Laboratory, 20145, Milan, Italy; (G.P.); (C.V.); (M.B.); (A.G.U.); (G.R.); (R.C.); (G.C.); (E.M.)
| | - Vanessa Bertuzzi
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Milan, 20123 Milan, Italy;
| | - Anna Guerrini Usubini
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Psychology Research Laboratory, 20145, Milan, Italy; (G.P.); (C.V.); (M.B.); (A.G.U.); (G.R.); (R.C.); (G.C.); (E.M.)
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Milan, 20123 Milan, Italy;
| | | | - Tamara Prevendar
- Psychology Study Programme, Sigmund Freud University Vienna—Ljubljana Branch, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;
| | - Giada Rapelli
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Psychology Research Laboratory, 20145, Milan, Italy; (G.P.); (C.V.); (M.B.); (A.G.U.); (G.R.); (R.C.); (G.C.); (E.M.)
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Milan, 20123 Milan, Italy;
| | - Roberto Cattivelli
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Psychology Research Laboratory, 20145, Milan, Italy; (G.P.); (C.V.); (M.B.); (A.G.U.); (G.R.); (R.C.); (G.C.); (E.M.)
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Milan, 20123 Milan, Italy;
| | - Gianluca Castelnuovo
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Psychology Research Laboratory, 20145, Milan, Italy; (G.P.); (C.V.); (M.B.); (A.G.U.); (G.R.); (R.C.); (G.C.); (E.M.)
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Milan, 20123 Milan, Italy;
| | - Enrico Molinari
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Psychology Research Laboratory, 20145, Milan, Italy; (G.P.); (C.V.); (M.B.); (A.G.U.); (G.R.); (R.C.); (G.C.); (E.M.)
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of Milan, 20123 Milan, Italy;
| | - Alessandro Sartorio
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Experimental Laboratory for Auxo-Endocrinological Research, 28824 Piancavallo (VB), Italy;
- Istituto Auxologico Italiano IRCCS, Division of Auxology, 28824 Piancavallo (VB), Italy
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14
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Appetite self-regulation declines across childhood while general self-regulation improves: A narrative review of the origins and development of appetite self-regulation. Appetite 2021; 162:105178. [PMID: 33639246 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2021.105178] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2020] [Revised: 02/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/21/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
This narrative review discusses the origins and development of appetite self-regulation (ASR) in childhood (from infancy to age 6 or 7 years). The origins, or foundations, are the biological infrastructure associated with appetite regulation and appetite self-regulation. Homeostatic regulation in infancy is examined and then evidence about developmental change in components of ASR. The main ASR-related components covered are: delay-of-gratification, caloric compensation, eating in the absence of hunger, food responsiveness/hedonics and fussy eating. The research included behavioral measures, parent-reports of appetitive traits and fMRI studies. There were two main trends in the evidence: a decline across childhood in the components of ASR associated with food approach (and therefore an increase in disinhibited eating), and wide individual differences. The decline in ASR contrasts with general self-regulation (GSR) where the evidence is of an improvement across childhood. For many children, bottom-up automatic reactive processes via food reward/hedonics or food avoidance as in fussy eating, appear not to be matched by improvements in top-down regulatory capacities. The prominence of bottom-up processes in ASR could be the main factor in possible differences in developmental paths for GSR and ASR. GSR research is situated in developmental science with its focus on developmental processes, theory and methodology. In contrast, the development of ASR at present does not have a strong developmental tradition to access and there is no unifying model of ASR and its development. We concluded (1) outside of mean-level or normative changes in the components of ASR, individual differences are prominent, and (2) there is a need to formulate models of developmental change in ASR together with appropriate measurement, research designs and data analysis strategies.
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Browne NT, Snethen JA, Greenberg CS, Frenn M, Kilanowski JF, Gance-Cleveland B, Burke PJ, Lewandowski L. When Pandemics Collide: The Impact of COVID-19 on Childhood Obesity. J Pediatr Nurs 2021; 56:90-98. [PMID: 33293199 PMCID: PMC7657263 DOI: 10.1016/j.pedn.2020.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 98] [Impact Index Per Article: 32.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2020] [Revised: 10/28/2020] [Accepted: 11/06/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Julia A Snethen
- University of Wisconsin-Milwaukee, College of Nursing, WI 53211, USA..
| | | | - Marilyn Frenn
- Marquette University, College of Nursing, WI 53201, USA.
| | - Jill F Kilanowski
- Department of Food, Agricultural and Biological Engineering, The Ohio State University, OH 43210, USA.
| | - Bonnie Gance-Cleveland
- Loretta C. Ford Professor, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, CO 80045, United States of America.
| | - Pamela J Burke
- Boston Children's Hospital, Division of Adolescent and Young Adult Medicine, MA 02115, United States of America.
| | - Linda Lewandowski
- University of Toledo, College of Nursing, Collier Building, OH 43614-2598, United States of America.
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16
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Pavlyshyn H, Kozak K, Furdela V, Kovalchuk T, Luchyshyn N, Haliyash N. Influence of dietary and activity patterns on weight status of Ukrainian school aged children. Int J Adolesc Med Health 2020; 34:477-486. [PMID: 33155991 DOI: 10.1515/ijamh-2020-0184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2020] [Accepted: 10/06/2020] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Objectives Dietary patterns and physical activity have significant influence on weight status. Despite numerous studies related to this topic, there is no existing research which provides complete population-based studies that identify the most significant predictors of pediatric obesity. Therefore, it has become the major goal of our study. Subjects and methods Three hundred school students between 10 and 17 years of age were participating in our study. All of them are currently attending various schools in city of Ternopil, Ukraine. Anthropometric measurements were performed for all participants. Information about food consumption and physical activity was obtained from distributed questionnaire. Logistic regression was used to identify the significant predictors of obesity. Results Lack of physical activity during week (OR=2.59 [95% CI 1.10-6.08]), long screen time in weekdays (OR=2.94 [95% CI 1.13-7.69]) and weekends (OR=3.63 [95% CI 1.55-8.50]), frequent consumption (OR=2.60 [95% CI 1.30-5.19]) and high amounts (OR=2.52 [95% CI 1.26-5.05]) of sweet beverages, fast-food consumption (OR=30.97 [95% CI 1.46-657.60]) and overeating (OR=3.99 [95% CI 1.26-5.05]) have increased chance to be overweight in children 10-17 years of age (p<0.05). Conclusion Decreased frequency in moderate physical activity per week, increased amount of sugar-sweetened beverages, fast-food consumption per day and food consumption without hunger, appear to be the most significant predictors of overweight and obesity among Ukrainian school-aged children.
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Affiliation(s)
- Halyna Pavlyshyn
- Department of Pediatrics No 2, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine
| | - Kateryna Kozak
- Department of Pediatrics No 2, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine
| | - Victoriya Furdela
- Department of Pediatrics No 2, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine
| | - Tetiana Kovalchuk
- Department of Pediatrics No 2, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine
| | - Nataliia Luchyshyn
- Department of Pediatrics No 2, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine
| | - Nataliya Haliyash
- Department of Pediatrics No 2, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine
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17
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Kral TVE, Moore RH, Chittams J, O'Malley L, Jones E, Quinn RJ, Fisher JO. Does eating in the absence of hunger extend to healthy snacks in children? Pediatr Obes 2020; 15:e12659. [PMID: 32548966 DOI: 10.1111/ijpo.12659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 04/24/2020] [Accepted: 05/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES To assess if eating in the absence of hunger (EAH) extends to healthier snacks and examine the relationship between the home food environment and EAH in children with normal weight (NW) or overweight/obesity (OB) who are at low risk (LR) or high risk (HR) for obesity based on maternal obesity. METHODS EAH was assessed after lunch and dinner when children received either low energy dense fruit snacks or high energy dense sweet/savoury snacks. The availability of obesogenic foods in the home was assessed by the Home Food Inventory. RESULTS Data showed significant main effects of risk group (P=.0003) and snack type (P < .001). EAH was significantly greater in HR-OB (284±8 kcal) than LR-NW (249±9 kcal) or HR-NW (251±8 kcal) children. Serving fruit rather than sweet/savoury snacks reduced energy intake, on average, by 60% (223 kcal) across risk groups. For each unit increase in the obesogenic home food environment, EAH of sweet/savoury snacks decreased by 1.83 calories. CONCLUSIONS Offering low energy dense snacks after a meal can moderate EAH and increase children's intake of healthy foods. Increased access to obesogenic foods in the home may reduce the salience of high energy dense snacks when they become available in other settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tanja V E Kral
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Reneé H Moore
- Department of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Jesse Chittams
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Lauren O'Malley
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Elizabeth Jones
- Department of Psychiatry, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Ryan J Quinn
- Department of Biobehavioral Health Sciences, School of Nursing, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Jennifer O Fisher
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, College of Public Health, Temple University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
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18
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Russell CG, Russell A. "Food" and "non-food" self-regulation in childhood: a review and reciprocal analysis. Int J Behav Nutr Phys Act 2020; 17:33. [PMID: 32151265 PMCID: PMC7063723 DOI: 10.1186/s12966-020-00928-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In developmental science, there is an extensive literature on non-food related self-regulation in childhood, where several domains relating to emotions, actions and cognitions have been identified. There is now growing attention to food related self-regulation in childhood, especially difficulties with ASR, and the consequences for weight gain and adiposity. The aim of this narrative review was to conduct a reciprocal analysis of self-regulation in the food and non-food domains in childhood (referred to as appetite self-regulation (ASR) and general self-regulation (GSR) respectively). The focus was on commonalities and differences in key concepts and underpinning processes. METHODS Databases and major journals were searched using terms such as self-regulation, appetite self-regulation, or self-regulation of energy intake, together with associated constructs (e.g., Executive Function, Effortful Control, delay-of-gratification). This was followed by backward and forward snowballing. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION The scholarship on GSR in childhood has had a focus on the role of the cognitively-oriented Executive Function (EF), the temperamentally-based Effortful Control (EC) and the recursive interplay between bottom-up (reactive, emotion driven, approach or avoidance) and top-down (cognitive, conscious decision-making) processes. "Hot" and "cool/cold" EF and self-regulation situations have been distinguished. There were some parallels between GSR and ASR in these areas, but uncertainty about the contribution of EF and EC to ASR in young children. Possible differences between the contribution to ASR-related outcomes of delay-of-gratification in food and non-food tasks were apparent. Unique elements of ASR were identified; associated with psychological, biological and neurological responses to food and bottom-up processes. A diverse number of situations or elements connected to ASR exist: for example, energy balance homeostasis, caloric compensation, hunger regulation, satiation, satiety, energy density of food, eating in the absence of hunger, emotional eating, etc. CONCLUSIONS: Self-regulation in food and non-food domains are amenable to a reciprocal analysis. We argue that self-regulation of appetite should be added as a domain under the umbrella of self-regulation in childhood along with the other non-food related domains. This could lead to a broader understanding of self-regulation in childhood, and generate novel lines of enquiry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Catherine G Russell
- Faculty of Health, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Deakin University, 221 Burwood Highway, Burwood, VIC, 3125, Australia.
| | - Alan Russell
- College of Education, Psychology and Social Work, Flinders University, Sturt Rd, Bedford Park, South Australia, 5042, Australia
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Hughes SO, Power TG, Beck A, Betz D, Goodell LS, Hopwood V, Jaramillo JA, Lanigan J, Martinez AD, Micheli N, Olivera Y, Overath I, Parker L, Ramos G, Thompson YP, Johnson SL. Short-Term Effects of an Obesity Prevention Program Among Low-Income Hispanic Families With Preschoolers. JOURNAL OF NUTRITION EDUCATION AND BEHAVIOR 2020; 52:224-239. [PMID: 31917129 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneb.2019.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2019] [Revised: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 12/02/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To assess the short-term effects of an obesity prevention program promoting eating self-regulation and healthy food preferences in low-income Hispanic children. DESIGN Randomized controlled trial with pretest, posttest, and 6- and 12-month assessments. SETTING AND PARTICIPANTS Head Start and similar early learning institutions in Houston, TX, and Pasco, WA. A total of 255 families with preschoolers randomized into prevention (n = 136) and control (n = 119) groups. INTERVENTION Multicomponent family-based prevention program. Fourteen waves lasted 7 weeks each with 8-10 mother-child dyads in each group. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Parent assessments included feeding practices, styles, and knowledge. Child assessments included child eating self-regulation, willingness to try new foods, and parent report of child fruit and vegetable preferences. Parent and child heights and weights were measured. ANALYSIS Multilevel analyses were employed to consider the nested nature of the data: time points within families within waves. RESULTS The program had predicted effects on parental feeding practices, styles, and knowledge in the pre- to post-comparisons. Effects on child eating behavior were minimal; only the number of different vegetables tried showed significant pre-post differences. CONCLUSIONS AND IMPLICATIONS Short-term effects of this prevention program highlight the importance of family-focused feeding approaches to combating child overweight and obesity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sheryl O Hughes
- US Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX.
| | - Thomas G Power
- Department of Human Development, Washington State University, Pullman, WA
| | - Ashley Beck
- Department of Human Development, Washington State University, Pullman, WA
| | - Drew Betz
- Department of Human Development, Washington State University, Pullman, WA
| | - L Suzanne Goodell
- Department of Food, Bioprocessing, and Nutritional Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC
| | - Veronica Hopwood
- Department of Human Development, Washington State University, Pullman, WA
| | - J Andrea Jaramillo
- US Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Jane Lanigan
- Department of Human Development, Washington State University, Pullman, WA
| | | | - Nilda Micheli
- US Department of Agriculture/Agricultural Research Service Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX
| | - Yadira Olivera
- Department of Human Development, Washington State University, Pullman, WA
| | - Irene Overath
- Department of Human Development, Washington State University, Pullman, WA
| | - Louise Parker
- Department of Human Development, Washington State University, Pullman, WA
| | - Guadalupe Ramos
- Department of Human Development, Washington State University, Pullman, WA
| | - Yuri Peralta Thompson
- Department of Psychological, Health, and Learning Sciences, University of Houston, Houston, TX
| | - Susan L Johnson
- Department of Pediatrics, Section of Nutrition, University of Colorado School of Medicine, Aurora, CO
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20
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Relationships between observations and parental reports of 3–5 year old children's emotional eating using the Children's Eating Behaviour Questionnaire. Appetite 2019; 141:104323. [DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2019.104323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2019] [Revised: 05/30/2019] [Accepted: 06/16/2019] [Indexed: 01/27/2023]
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