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Peng W, McKinnon-Crowley J, Huang Q, Mao B. Assessing Fear, Embarrassment, and Disgust in Colonoscopy: The Development of Measurement Instruments and Psychometric Evidence. HEALTH EDUCATION & BEHAVIOR 2024; 51:601-612. [PMID: 37293778 DOI: 10.1177/10901981231177075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Avoidance of colonoscopy is often associated with fear, embarrassment, and disgust aroused in screening procedures. However, each emotion can be linked to different challenges faced by patients. More research is needed to evaluate and address the causes of these respective emotions. AIM The purpose of this study was to develop and assess the scales of three negative emotions (i.e., fear, embarrassment, and disgust) caused by specific issues in colonoscopy screening. METHOD The measurement items were developed based on multiple common barriers in colonoscopy screening procedures. An online sample of 232 adults aged 45-75 was recruited from Amazon Mechanical Turk to test the scales. Explorative and confirmatory factor analyses were conducted to validate the measurement models. RESULTS Psychometric evidence demonstrated the factor structures of three negative emotions. Each emotional factor was caused by unique combinations of barriers in the preparation, screening, and recovery stages of colonoscopy. Most of the emotional factors were associated with attitudes and screening intention. CONCLUSION This study showed different dimensions of negative emotions and their underlying causes in colonoscopy. These findings will help assess specific causes of negative emotions in colonoscopy and develop effective interventions to improve screening uptake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Peng
- Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| | | | | | - Bingjing Mao
- University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK, USA
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2
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Hu Z, Li J. Associations of Workplace Violence With Cardiovascular Disease Among United States Workers: Findings From a National Survey. J Prev Med Public Health 2023; 56:368-376. [PMID: 37551075 PMCID: PMC10415653 DOI: 10.3961/jpmph.23.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2023] [Accepted: 06/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/09/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVES Recent research indicates a potential association between workplace violence and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD) in the working-age population. However, the relevant evidence in the United States is sparse. Thus, this study was conducted to explore the possible relationship between workplace violence and CVD among United States workers. METHODS We utilized cross-sectional data from the 2015 National Health Interview Survey, which included a representative sample of 18 380 workers, to investigate the associations between workplace violence and the prevalence of CVD using logistic regression. Workplace violence was determined based on self-reported threats, bullying, or harassment at work over the past 12 months, supplemented with additional information regarding frequency. CVD included all forms of heart disease and stroke. RESULTS A total of 1334 workers reported experiences of workplace violence, and 1336 workers were diagnosed with CVD. After adjustment for covariates, participants who reported any instance of workplace violence had significantly higher odds of having CVD (odds ratio [OR], 1.76; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.35 to 2.30) than those who reported no such violence. Furthermore, the highest odds of CVD (OR, 1.80; 95% CI, 1.23 to 2.63) were observed among those frequently exposed to workplace violence. Even occasional exposure to workplace violence was associated with 74% excess odds of CVD. CONCLUSIONS Our study indicates an association between workplace violence and CVD in United States workers, exhibiting a dose-response pattern.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zheyu Hu
- Conestoga High School, Berwyn, PA,
USA
| | - Jian Li
- Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Fielding School of Public Health, School of Nursing, University of California, Los Angeles, CA,
USA
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3
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Lin L, Zhang X, Yu M, Bernardo B, Adeyanju T, Paskett ED. The relationship between family history of cancer and cancer attitudes & beliefs within the Community Initiative Towards Improving Equity and Health Status (CITIES) cohort. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0287629. [PMID: 37368880 PMCID: PMC10298770 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0287629] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/02/2022] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE To determine the relationship between family history of cancer with cancer attitudes and beliefs (CABs) and cancer screening knowledge. METHODS This study used data collected for the Community Initiative Towards Improving Equity and Health Status (CITIES) project which surveyed Ohioans ages 21-74. In the current analysis, we included data on age, gender, race, marital status, education, income, financial security, health insurance, CABs, knowledge about the correct age to begin cancer screenings, and presence of a first-degree relative with cancer. Multivariable logistic regression was used to examine the association of family history of cancer with CABs and knowledge about the correct age to begin cancer screening. RESULTS Participants were predominantly over the age of 41, female, and white. Out of 603 participants, 295 (48.92%) reported not having a first-degree relative with cancer and 308 (51.08%) reported having a first-degree relative with cancer. Overall, 109 (18.08%) participants reported negative CABs, 378 (62.69%) reported moderate CABs, and 116 (19.24%) reported positive CABs. Participants who reported a first-degree relative with cancer were more likely to report positive CABs, but the association was not significant (p = .11). We observed that older, more educated, and married participants were more likely to have positive CABs (all p < 0.05). Family history of cancer was not associated with differences in knowledge about the correct age for beginning colorectal cancer screening (p = .85) and mammography (p = .88). CONCLUSIONS Having a first-degree relative with cancer was not found to be associated with CABs or knowledge about cancer screening. However, age and socioeconomic status were associated with more positive CABs and increased knowledge about cancer screening. Future research should focus on standardizing a CABs scale and expanding the generalizability of our findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Lin
- College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Xiaochen Zhang
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Mengda Yu
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Brittany Bernardo
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Toyin Adeyanju
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
| | - Electra D. Paskett
- College of Medicine, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
- Comprehensive Cancer Center, The Ohio State University, Columbus, Ohio, United States of America
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Scaglioni G, Guidetti M, Cavazza N. The role of disgust as an emotional barrier to colorectal cancer screening participation: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Psychol Health 2023; 38:389-408. [PMID: 34433347 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2021.1967351] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Worldwide colorectal cancer (CRC) screening rates are suboptimal. This systematic review and meta-analysis examine the role of disgust in CRC screening avoidance. DESIGN A systematic literature search was conducted. In all, 46 studies were included in the review. Among these, 16 studies were compared with a meta-analytical approach in order to 1) estimate the effect size of state disgust on screening intention and attendance; 2) examine whether methodological characteristics moderate the effect of state disgust on screening behaviour; 3) estimate the effect sizes of trait disgust and type of exam kit on state disgust. RESULTS In the reviewed studies, state disgust was often associated with CRC screening and especially with CRC screening avoidance. The meta-analysis confirmed low-to-moderate negative effects of state disgust on screening intention and attendance. Population sampling strategy was the only significant moderator of the effect of state disgust on screening attendance, i.e. studies that used convenience (versus random/representative) samples found a significantly lower effect size. Trait disgust and type of exam kit exerted a large and a moderate-to-large positive effect, respectively, on state disgust. CONCLUSIONS Disgust can boost CRC screening avoidance. Further studies and interventions must be designed to help patients in overcoming this emotional barrier.
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Affiliation(s)
- Giulia Scaglioni
- Department of Humanities, Social Sciences, and Cultural Industries, University of Parma, Parma, Italy
| | - Margherita Guidetti
- Department of Communication and Economics, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
| | - Nicoletta Cavazza
- Department of Communication and Economics, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Reggio Emilia, Italy
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Schubert E, Bode S. Positive emotions and their upregulation increase willingness to consume healthy foods. Appetite 2023; 181:106420. [PMID: 36513297 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.106420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
While highly relevant for everyday life, it is unclear whether experiencing incidental positive or negative emotional states, and active emotion regulation, influence the weighting of perceived taste and health in food choices. In Experiment 1, we examined two emotion regulation strategies, reappraisal and distraction, used to decrease negative emotions. Participants were cued to experience or decrease their emotional response for either neutral or negative incidental emotion-inducing images. They subsequently rated their willingness to consume foods, which varied in their taste and health attributes. Mixed-effects model analysis showed that compared to neutral, negative emotions decreased willingness to consume, regardless of perceived taste and health, but neither emotion regulation strategy had a significant effect. Experiment 2 used images inducing incidental positive emotions in combination with three emotion regulation strategies: reappraisal, distraction, and increasing positive emotions. Experiencing positive emotions generally increased willingness to consume, with stronger effects for tasty and healthy foods. Decreasing positive emotions via reappraisal decreased willingness to consume, particularly for healthy foods. Increasing positive emotion intensity further increased willingness to consume, with stronger effects for healthy foods. The results suggest that experiencing positive emotions increases desire particularly strongly for healthy foods, which can additionally be modulated via emotion regulation. This has important implications for designing health-related interventions targeting mood improvement.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elektra Schubert
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Australia
| | - Stefan Bode
- Melbourne School of Psychological Sciences, The University of Melbourne, Australia.
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Chon MG, Kim S. Combating COVID-19 Vaccine Hesitancy: A Synthetic Public Segmentation Approach for Predicting Vaccine Acceptance. Disaster Med Public Health Prep 2022; 17:e314. [PMID: 36540930 PMCID: PMC9947049 DOI: 10.1017/dmp.2022.282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Vaccine hesitancy impacts the ability to cope with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) effectively in the United States. It is important for health organizations to increase vaccine acceptance. Addressing this issue, this study aimed to predict citizens' acceptance of the COVID-19 vaccine through a synthetic approach of public segmentation including cross-situational and situational variables. Controlling for demographics, we examined institutional trust, negative attitudes toward, and low levels of knowledge about vaccines (ie, lacuna public characteristics), and fear of COVID-19 during the pandemic. Our study provides a useful framework for public segmentation and contributes to risk and health campaigns by identifying significant predictors of COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. METHOD We conducted an online survey on October 10, 2020 (N = 499), and performed hierarchical regression analyses to predict citizens' COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. RESULTS This study demonstrated that trust in the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) and federal government, vaccine attitude, problem recognition, constraint recognition, involvement recognition, and fear positively predicted COVID-19 vaccine acceptance. CONCLUSIONS This study outlines a useful synthetic public segmentation framework and extends the concept of lacuna public to the pandemic context, helping to predict vaccine acceptance. Importantly, the findings could be useful in designing health campaign messages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myoung-Gi Chon
- School of Communication & Journalism, Auburn University, Auburn, Alabama, USA
| | - Sungsu Kim
- School of Communication, Kookmin University, Seoul, South Korea
- Corresponding author: Sungsu Kim,
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Zhu H. Interplay between Discrete Emotions and Preventive Behavior in Health Crises: Big Data Analysis of COVID-19. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:16407. [PMID: 36554288 PMCID: PMC9778743 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph192416407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2022] [Revised: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/06/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the interplay between discrete emotions and COVID-19 prevention behaviors will help healthcare professionals and providers to implement effective risk communication and effective risk decision making. This study analyzes data related to COVID-19 posted by the American public on Twitter and identifies three discrete negative emotions (anger, anxiety, and sadness) of the public from massive text data. Next, econometric analyses (i.e., the Granger causality test and impulse response functions) are performed to evaluate the interplay between discrete emotions and preventive behavior based on emotional time series and Google Shopping Trends time series, representing public preventive behavior. Based on the textual analysis of tweets from the United States, the following conclusions are drawn: Anger is a Granger cause of preventive behavior and has a slightly negative effect on the public's preventive behavior. Anxiety is a Granger cause of preventive behavior and has a positive effect on preventive behavior. Furthermore, preventive behavior is a Granger cause of anxiety and has a negative and lagging effect on anxiety. Exploring how discrete emotions, such as anger and anxiety, affect preventive behaviors will effectively demonstrate how discrete emotions play qualitatively different roles in promoting preventive behaviors. Moreover, understanding the impact of preventive behaviors on discrete emotions is useful for better risk communication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiyun Zhu
- School of Management Science and Engineering, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China
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Davis M, Oaten M, Tapp C, Occhipinti S. Development and psychometric evaluation of the Aversion to Bowel Cancer Screening Scale. Eur J Cancer Care (Engl) 2022; 31:e13661. [PMID: 35851704 PMCID: PMC9788280 DOI: 10.1111/ecc.13661] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Revised: 06/17/2022] [Accepted: 07/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Avoidance of colorectal cancer (CRC) screening is well documented with emotional barriers deterring screening intention and uptake. However, the assessment of such aversion is limited by the available instruments focusing on siloed emotions or screening procedures, limiting relevance to the complete process of decision-making in the CRC context. METHODS To address this gap, psychometric properties of the newly developed Aversion to Bowel Cancer Screening Scale (ABCSS) were assessed using data from 640 CRC screening eligible asymptomatic community members. Item review and piloting reduced 179 items to the initial 29-item scale. Using a holdout sample technique, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, reliability and validity checks were conducted. RESULTS A three-factor model (Fecal Occult Blood Test [FOBT] Aversion, Colonoscopy Aversion and Health Conscientiousness) with 21 items was identified. Analyses of the 21-item ABCSS indicated excellent reliabilities for the scale and subscales (α = .91 to .95). Correlations with relevant existing measures, intention and behaviour indicated good construct validity. CONCLUSION The ABCSS is a valid measure of aversion to CRC screening for asymptomatic community members facing the decision to undertake CRC screening. This instrument may provide a more comprehensive understanding of the decision-making process for CRC screening.
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Affiliation(s)
- Melanie Davis
- School of Applied PsychologyGriffith UniversityGold CoastQueenslandAustralia
| | - Megan Oaten
- School of Applied PsychologyGriffith UniversityGold CoastQueenslandAustralia
| | - Caley Tapp
- School of Applied PsychologyGriffith UniversityGold CoastQueenslandAustralia,School of Public HealthUniversity of QueenslandBrisbaneQueenslandAustralia
| | - Stefano Occhipinti
- School of Applied PsychologyGriffith UniversityGold CoastQueenslandAustralia,Department of English and CommunicationThe Hong Kong Polytechnic UniversityHong Kong
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Fortenberry JD, Hensel DJ. Sexual Modesty in Sexual Expression and Experience: A Scoping Review, 2000 - 2021. JOURNAL OF SEX RESEARCH 2022; 59:1000-1014. [PMID: 35138961 DOI: 10.1080/00224499.2021.2016571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Sexual modesty is the social, cultural, interpersonal, and psychological systems - defined by the tenets of Script Theory - that regulate individuals' sexual expression and experience at the social, legal, and interpersonal boundaries of acceptable/not-acceptable, private/public, and personal/social. Almost all aspects of sexual expression and experience are touched by the pervasive modesty standards for sexual communication, sexual display, sexual relations, and sexual behaviors. Sexual modesty influences an array of sexual and reproductive health outcomes. Many aspects of sexual modesty are enforced by legal as well as social, cultural, and religious proscriptions, including social shaming and ostracism as well as corporal and capital punishments. The purpose of this paper is to summarize a diverse literature related to sexual modesty from the years 2000 to 2021 in order to clarify its role in sexual health and sexual wellbeing and to identify directions for new research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Devon J Hensel
- Department of Pediatrics, Indiana University School of Medicine
- Department of Sociology, Indiana University/Purdue University at Indianapolis
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10
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Kim E, Sarge MA. Modeling Electronic-Cigarette Users' Risk Information Avoidance. JOURNAL OF HEALTH COMMUNICATION 2022; 27:603-613. [PMID: 36354006 DOI: 10.1080/10810730.2022.2140366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
The current study examined e-cigarette users' risk information avoidance (i.e., RIA), which is a significant challenge to e-cigarette risk communication. Applying and extending previous RIA studies and the risk information seeking and processing (RISP) model, this study identified the predictors of e-cigarette users' RIA with a comprehensive model that incorporated new roles for scientific uncertainty and relevant channel beliefs. Responses collected from an online survey were analyzed (N = 593) and support was found for two pathways that explain e-cigarette users' motivation for RIA. One suggests heightened risk perceptions were associated with strong negative affective responses that include fear, anger, sadness, and guilt. These affective responses, in turn, were positively associated with RIA intentions. The second was a direct, positive association between scientific uncertainty and RIA as well as an indirect path mediated by relevant channel beliefs. More specifically, scientific uncertainty was negatively associated with quality perceptions of e-cigarette information making it more likely e-cigarette users would avoid it. Suggestions for how to prevent or mitigate these processes that result in e-cigarette users' maladaptive response of RIA are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eugene Kim
- The Media School, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
| | - Melanie A Sarge
- The Media School, Indiana University Bloomington, Bloomington, Indiana, USA
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Ahlich E, Rancourt D. Boredom proneness, interoception, and emotional eating. Appetite 2022; 178:106167. [PMID: 35843373 DOI: 10.1016/j.appet.2022.106167] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Emotional eating is associated with weight gain and difficulty losing weight during weight loss interventions. Theoretical and empirical work suggest boredom may be an important predictor of problematic eating behaviors. Yet, little work has examined the role of boredom in emotional eating. Further, individual differences in the ability to recognize internal cues (i.e., interoception) may alter the impact of boredom on emotional eating. This study hypothesized that boredom proneness would predict unique variance in emotional eating after accounting for negative and positive affect, and that the association between boredom proneness and emotional eating would be stronger among those with poorer interoceptive ability compared to those with better interoceptive ability. Hypotheses were tested in two large samples using multiple linear regression. Participants aged 18-65 were recruited from MTurk (n = 365; 59.2% female) and an undergraduate research pool (n = 461; 52.9% female). Participants completed self-report measures: Boredom Proneness Scale; Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire- Emotional Eating; Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness-2; Intuitive Eating Scale-2- Reliance on Hunger and Satiety Cues; and Positive and Negative Affect Schedule. Boredom proneness was a significant predictor of emotional eating in both samples, even accounting for the broad dimensions of negative and positive affect (ps < .001). Interoception did not moderate the association between boredom proneness and emotional eating in either sample (ps > .05), but was an independent predictor of emotional eating (ps < .001). Boredom proneness and interoceptive ability may warrant attention as targets in the prevention and treatment of emotional eating. Future work should continue exploring different emotion categories and different facets of interoception in emotional eating, as well as examine novel mechanisms that could inform intervention efforts.
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Garfin DR, Holman EA, Fischhoff B, Wong-Parodi G, Silver RC. Media exposure, risk perceptions, and fear: Americans' behavioral responses to the Ebola public health crisis. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF DISASTER RISK REDUCTION : IJDRR 2022; 77:103059. [PMID: 37275557 PMCID: PMC10237114 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijdrr.2022.103059] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
We examined media exposure, psychological fear and worry, perceptions of risk, and health protective behaviors surrounding the 2014 Ebola virus outbreak in a probability-based, representative, national sample of Americans (N = 3447). Structural equation models examined relationships between amount (hours/day) and content (e.g., graphic images of dead bodies) of media exposure and counts of self-reported health protective behaviors that participants performed or would perform if Ebola spread to their community. Ebola-related risk perceptions and fear and worry were potential mediators. Greater total hours and more graphic media exposure positively correlated with more fear and worry; greater total hours of media exposure also positively correlated with higher perceived risk. Higher risk perceptions were associated with more health protective behaviors performed and intended. Greater fear and worry were associated with more behaviors performed. Amount and content of media exposure exhibited indirect effects on behaviors performed; amount of media exposure had indirect effects on intentions. Media may help promote health protective behaviors during public health threats; the amount and content should be congruent with threat to minimize distress and maximize resources.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dana Rose Garfin
- Sue & Bill Gross School of Nursing, University of California, Irvine, USA
- Program in Public Health, University of California, Irvine, USA
| | - E. Alison Holman
- Sue & Bill Gross School of Nursing, University of California, Irvine, USA
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, USA
| | - Baruch Fischhoff
- Department of Engineering and Public Policy and Institute for Politics and Strategy, Carnegie Mellon University, USA
| | - Gabrielle Wong-Parodi
- Department of Earth System Science and Stanford Woods Institute for the Environment, Stanford University, USA
| | - Roxane Cohen Silver
- Program in Public Health, University of California, Irvine, USA
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, USA
- School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, USA
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Choi J, Kim KH. The Differential Consequences of Fear, Anger, and Depression in Response to COVID-19 in South Korea. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph19116723. [PMID: 35682335 PMCID: PMC9180341 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph19116723] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 05/25/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Studies on previous outbreaks of contagious diseases suggest that the impact of the emotions associated with an epidemic can be greater than that of the epidemic in terms of the number of people affected. This study explores the relationships between the three most commonly expressed emotional responses to the COVID-19 pandemic (fear, anger, and depression) and two outcome variables (compliance with the social-distancing policy and the stigmatization of those infected by COVID-19). A large online, public opinion survey was conducted in South Korea (n = 1000) between 4 and 11 June 2020, which was between the first and the second waves of COVID-19. A series of regression analyses suggest that the emotional response was accompanied by differential behavioral and perceptual consequences. Fear was consistently positively related to all indicators of compliance with social-distancing policies (the voluntary practice of social distancing, support for the “routine-life-distancing” policy, and support for stronger social-distancing policies). Anger was positively related to both stigmatization indicators (responsibility attribution and stigmatizing attitude toward people infected with COVID-19). Finally, depression showed negative relationships with support for the “routine-life-distancing” policy and for stronger social-distancing policies but a positive relationship with the voluntary practice of social distancing. By examining whether and how certain types of emotional responses are more or less related to compliance with social distancing and stigmatization, the present study provides practical implications for effective public communication during an epidemic such as COVID-19.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jounghwa Choi
- Department of Advertising and Public Relations, Hallym University, Chuncheon-si 24252, Korea
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-33-262-4631
| | - Kyung-Hee Kim
- The Media School, Hallym University, Chuncheon-si 24252, Korea;
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Malekzad F, Jais M, Hernandez G, Kehr H, Quirin M. Not self-aware? Psychological antecedents and consequences of alienating from one’s actual motives, emotions, and goals. THEORY & PSYCHOLOGY 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/09593543221086598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Philosophers and scientists have been puzzling over the potential antecedents and consequences of self-awareness or its relative absence since time immemorial. One major reason is the difficulty of identifying individuals’ actual needs, emotions, or goals and thus making statements about their level of self-awareness. Drawing on a “duality of mind” approach, we review our research that quantified discrepancies between first-person perspective and third-person perspective assessments of motives (“needs”), emotions, and goals as indicators of relative self-awareness. Also, we expand on their proximal causes related to personality–situation interactions and their emotional and motivational consequences. We discuss similarities among the three branches of research on motives, emotions, and goals and, lastly, provide an outlook for future research.
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Seah THS, Almahmoud S, Coifman KG. Feel to Heal: Negative Emotion Differentiation Promotes Medication Adherence in Multiple Sclerosis. Front Psychol 2022; 12:687497. [PMID: 35082708 PMCID: PMC8784965 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2021.687497] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Accepted: 12/08/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple Sclerosis (MS) is a debilitating chronic autoimmune disease of the central nervous system that results in lower quality of life. Medication adherence is important for reducing relapse, disease progression, and MS-related symptoms, particularly during the early stages of MS. However, adherence may be impacted by negative emotional states. Therefore, it is important to identify protective factors. Past research suggests that the ability to discriminate between negative emotional states, also known as negative emotion differentiation (NED), may be protective against enactment of maladaptive risk-related behaviors. However, less is known as to how NED may promote adaptive health behaviors such as medication adherence. Utilizing weekly diaries, we investigated whether NED moderates the association between negative affect and medication adherence rates across 58 weeks among patients (n = 27) newly diagnosed with MS (following McDonald criteria). Results revealed that NED significantly moderated the relationship between negative affect and medication adherence. Specifically, greater negative affect was associated with lower adherence only for individuals reporting low NED. However, this link disappeared for those reporting moderate to high NED. Building upon past research, our findings suggest that NED may promote adaptive health behaviors and have important clinical implications for the treatment and management of chronic illness.
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Affiliation(s)
- T. H. Stanley Seah
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, OH, United States
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16
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Cheng G, He S, He Q, Xie X, Tian G, Jiang N, Li C, Min X, Li R, Shi Y, Zhou T, Yan Y. Gender and residence differences in the association between social support and subjective well-being among Chinese oldest-old: A national longitudinal study. Arch Gerontol Geriatr 2022; 98:104545. [DOI: 10.1016/j.archger.2021.104545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2021] [Revised: 09/20/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
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17
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Jenkins BN, Cross MP, Donaldson CD, Pressman SD, Fortier MA, Kain ZN, Cohen S, Martin LT, Farkas G. The subcomponents of affect scale (SAS): validating a widely used affect scale. Psychol Health 2021:1-19. [PMID: 34846253 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2021.2000612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE There is a need for a brief affect scale that also encompasses different components of affect relevant for researchers interested in physiological and health outcomes. The Subcomponents of Affect Scale (SAS) meets this need. This 18-item scale has nine positive and nine negative affect items encompassing six subscales (calm, well-being, vigour, depression, anxiety, anger). Previous research using the SAS has demonstrated its predictive validity, but no work has tested its subscale structure or longitudinal validity. DESIGN Data from the Common Cold Project in which individuals (N = 610) completed the SAS over the course of seven days were used. RESULTS Confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated the reliability of the subscale structure of the SAS across seven days (positive affect subscale structure: CFIs ≥ 0.98; negative affect subscale structure: CFIs ≥ 0.94 with day 6 CFI = 0.91) and tests of factorial invariance showed the scale is valid to use over time. CONCLUSIONS These results confirm the psychometric validity of the subscale structure of the SAS and imply that the subscales can be used longitudinally, allowing for its use in health research as well as non-health research that can benefit from its subscale structure and longitudinal capabilities.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brooke N Jenkins
- Department of Psychology, Chapman University, Orange, CA, USA.,Center on Stress & Health, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Marie P Cross
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Candice D Donaldson
- Department of Psychology, Chapman University, Orange, CA, USA.,Center on Stress & Health, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Sarah D Pressman
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Michelle A Fortier
- Center on Stress & Health, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.,Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.,Sue & Bill Gross School of Nursing, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.,Department of Pediatric Psychology, CHOC Children's, Orange, CA, USA
| | - Zeev N Kain
- Center on Stress & Health, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.,Department of Anesthesiology and Perioperative Care, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA.,Department of Pediatrics, CHOC Children's, Orange, CA, USA.,Child Study Center, Yale University School of Medicine, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Sheldon Cohen
- Department of Psychology, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Logan T Martin
- Department of Psychological Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - George Farkas
- School of Education, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
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18
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McKenna B, Mekawi Y, Katrinli S, Carter S, Stevens JS, Powers A, Smith AK, Michopoulos V. When Anger Remains Unspoken: Anger and Accelerated Epigenetic Aging Among Stress-Exposed Black Americans. Psychosom Med 2021; 83:949-958. [PMID: 34747582 PMCID: PMC8580214 DOI: 10.1097/psy.0000000000001007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Race-related lifetime stress exposure (LSE) including racial discrimination, trauma, and stressful life events have been shown to contribute to racial health disparities. However, little is known about associations between race-related stressors and premature biological aging that confer the risk of adverse health outcomes. Even less is known about the mechanisms through which race-related stressors may be associated with accelerated aging. Early evidence suggests psychological processes such as anger, and particularly the internalization of anger, may play a role. METHODS In a community sample of predominantly low-income Black adults (n = 219; age = 45.91 [12.33] years; 64% female), the present study examined the association of race-related LSE (as defined by exposure to racial discrimination, trauma, and stressful life events) and epigenetic age acceleration through anger expression. RESULTS Internalized and externalized anger expression were each significantly associated with LSE and age acceleration. Although LSE was not directly associated with age acceleration (ΔR2 = 0.001, p = .64), we found that greater LSE was indirectly associated with age acceleration through increases in internalized, but not externalized, anger (indirect effect: β = 0.03, standard error = 0.02, 95% confidence interval = 0.003 to 0.08; total effect: β = 0.02, 95% confidence interval = -0.25 to 0.31). CONCLUSIONS These results suggest race-related LSE may elicit the internalization of anger, which, along with the externalization of anger, may initiate detrimental epigenetic alterations that confer the risk of adverse health outcomes. These findings lay the groundwork for longitudinal studies of the association between race-related stress and racial health disparities.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yara Mekawi
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Seyma Katrinli
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Sierra Carter
- Department of Psychology, Georgia State University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Jennifer S. Stevens
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Abigail Powers
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
| | - Alicia K. Smith
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA
| | - Vasiliki Michopoulos
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA
- Yerkes National Primate Research Center, Atlanta, GA
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19
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Coifman KG, Disabato DJ, Aurora P, Seah THS, Mitchell B, Simonovic N, Foust JL, Sidney PG, Thompson CA, Taber JM. What Drives Preventive Health Behavior During a Global Pandemic? Emotion and Worry. Ann Behav Med 2021; 55:791-804. [PMID: 34165145 PMCID: PMC8344868 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kaab048] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Background & Purpose Primary prevention of COVID-19 has focused on encouraging compliance with specific behaviors that restrict contagion. This investigation sought to characterize engagement in these behaviors in U.S. adults early during the pandemic and to build explanatory models of the psychological processes that drive them. Methods US adults were recruited through Qualtrics Research Panels (N = 324; 55% female; Mage = 50.91, SD = 15.98) and completed 10 days of online reports of emotion, COVID-19 perceived susceptibility and worry, and recommended behaviors (social distancing, hand washing, etc.). Factor analysis revealed behaviors loaded on two factors suggesting distinct motivational orientations: approach and avoidance. Results Changes in approach and avoidance behaviors over the 10 days indicated large individual differences consistent with three types of participants. Discrete emotions, including fear, guilt/shame, and happiness were associated with more recommended behaviors. Fear and COVID-19 worry indirectly influenced each other to facilitate more behavioral engagement. While emotions and worry strongly predicted individual differences in behavior across the 10 days, they did not predict as well why behaviors occurred on one day versus another. Conclusions These findings suggest how daily affective processes motivate behavior, improving the understanding of compliance and efforts to target behaviors as primary prevention of disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Karin G Coifman
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, USA
| | - David J Disabato
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, USA
| | - Pallavi Aurora
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, USA
| | - T H Stanley Seah
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, USA
| | - Benjamin Mitchell
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, USA
| | - Nicolle Simonovic
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, USA
| | - Jeremy L Foust
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, USA
| | - Pooja Gupta Sidney
- Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, Kentucky, USA
| | - Clarissa A Thompson
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, USA
| | - Jennifer M Taber
- Department of Psychological Sciences, Kent State University, Kent, Ohio, USA
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20
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Abstract
Social robots may become an innovative means to improve the well-being of individuals. Earlier research has shown that people easily self-disclose to a social robot, even in cases where it was unintended by the designers. We report on an experiment considering self-disclosing in a diary journal or to a social robot after negative mood induction. An off-the-shelf robot was complemented with our in-house developed AI chatbot, which could talk about ‘hot topics’ after training it with thousands of entries on a complaint website. We found that people who felt strongly negative after being exposed to shocking video footage benefited the most from talking to our robot, rather than writing down their feelings. For people less affected by the treatment, a confidential robot chat or writing a journal page did not differ significantly. We discuss emotion theory in relation to robotics and possibilities for an application in design (the emoji-enriched ‘talking stress ball’). We also underline the importance of otherwise disregarded outliers in a data set of therapeutic nature.
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21
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Tan L, Xia T. Predictors on workplace suicidal ideation: from a social interaction perspective. CURRENT PSYCHOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1007/s12144-021-01928-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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22
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Powell PA, Roberts J, Gabbay M, Consedine NS. Care Starts at Home: Emotional State and Appeals to Altruism may Reduce Demand for Overused Health Services in the UK. Ann Behav Med 2021; 55:356-368. [PMID: 32964915 DOI: 10.1093/abm/kaaa058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Overuse of unnecessary services, screening tests, and treatments is an ongoing problem for national health care systems. Overuse is at least partly driven by patient demand. PURPOSE This study examined whether altering patients' emotional state and appealing to patient altruism would reduce demand for three commonly overused UK health services. METHODS In an online experiment, 1,267 UK volunteers were randomized to anxiety, compassion, or neutral conditions before viewing three overuse vignettes. In each vignette, use of the health service was recommended against by the doctor and participants were further randomized to one of three altruism frames, emphasizing the impact of overuse on the self, the self and others locally, or the self and others nationally. Participants rated the likelihood that they would pursue the health service and, assuming that they did not, how long they would be willing-to-wait for it. RESULTS Altruism frame had a small effect on intentions to use the health service. Those in the local or national (vs. self) frame were 4.7 and 6.1 percentage points, respectively, less likely to ask for the service. Emotion induction had no direct effect on outcomes. However, self-reporting higher levels of anxiety or compassion post-induction was associated with a small, greater likelihood in intentions to ask for the health service or willingness-to-wait, respectively. No interactions between frame and emotion were observed. CONCLUSIONS As a low-cost initiative, emphasizing the benefits to the self and local or national communities could be embedded in appeals designed to appropriately reduce health care overuse in the UK.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philip A Powell
- School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield, Sheffield, UK
| | | | - Mark Gabbay
- Institute of Psychology, Health and Society, University of Liverpool, Liverpool, UK
| | - Nathan S Consedine
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Auckland, Auckland, New Zealand
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23
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Kim M, Wang Z. Factor Structure of the PANAS With Bayesian Structural Equation Modeling in a Chinese Sample. Eval Health Prof 2021; 45:157-167. [PMID: 33657889 DOI: 10.1177/0163278721996794] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
The Positive and Negative Affect Schedule (PANAS) is the most widely used self-report instrument for assessing affect. However, there are inconsistent findings regarding the factor structure of the PANAS. In this study, we applied Bayesian structural equation modeling (BSEM) to investigate the structure of the PANAS using data from a sample of 893 Chinese middle and high school students. Four models, the orthogonal two-, the oblique two-, the three-, and the bi-factor models were tested with prior specifications including approximately zero cross-loadings and residual covariances. The results indicated that the orthogonal two-factor model specified with informative priors for both cross-loadings and residual correlations has the best model fit. Confirmatory factor analysis with the maximum likelihood estimator (ML-CFA) based on modifications from BSEM analysis showed improved model fit compared to ML-CFA based on frequentist analysis, which is the evidence for the merit of BSEM for addressing misspecifications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minsun Kim
- Department of Educational, School and Counseling Psychology, 14716University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
| | - Ze Wang
- Department of Educational, School and Counseling Psychology, 14716University of Missouri, Columbia, MO, USA
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24
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Cheng G, Yan Y. Sociodemographic, health-related, and social predictors of subjective well-being among Chinese oldest-old: a national community-based cohort study. BMC Geriatr 2021; 21:124. [PMID: 33593298 PMCID: PMC7885581 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-021-02071-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There is still a lack of systematic investigation of comprehensive contextual factors of subjective well-being (SWB) among Chinese oldest-old. This study aimed to explore sociodemographic, health-related, and social predictors of SWB among Chinese oldest-old using a large and representative sample. METHODS The study included 49,069 individuals aged 80 and older from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey, a prospective, nationwide, community-based study conducted from 1998 to 2014. SWB was measured by eight items covering life satisfaction, positive affect (optimism, happiness, personal control, and conscientiousness), and negative affect (anxiety, loneliness, and uselessness). Generalized estimating equation models were used to explore the predictors of SWB. RESULTS We found that age, gender, ethnic group, education, primary occupation before retirement, current marital status, and place of residence were sociodemographic predictors of SWB among the Chinese oldest-old. The health-related predictors included self-rated health, visual function, hearing function, diet quality, smoking status, drinking status, and exercise status. SWB was influenced by some social factors, such as the number of biological siblings, the number of children, leisure activities, financial independence, and access to adequate medical service. In particular, self-rated health, access to adequate medical services, exercise status, and place of residence exert a stronger effect than other factors. CONCLUSIONS SWB in the oldest-old is influenced by a large number of complex sociodemographic, health-related, and social factors. Special attention should be paid to the mental health of centenarians, women, rural residents, widowed, physically disabled, and childless oldest-old people. Relevant agencies can improve physical activities, leisure activities, financial support, and medical services to promote the well-being of the oldest-old.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gang Cheng
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Yan Yan
- Department of Epidemiology and Health Statistics, Xiangya School of Public Health, Central South University, Changsha, Hunan, China.
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25
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So W, Bogucka EP, Scepanovic S, Joglekar S, Zhou K, Quercia D. Humane Visual AI: Telling the Stories Behind a Medical Condition. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON VISUALIZATION AND COMPUTER GRAPHICS 2021; 27:678-688. [PMID: 33048711 DOI: 10.1109/tvcg.2020.3030391] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/11/2023]
Abstract
A biological understanding is key for managing medical conditions, yet psychological and social aspects matter too. The main problem is that these two aspects are hard to quantify and inherently difficult to communicate. To quantify psychological aspects, this work mined around half a million Reddit posts in the sub-communities specialised in 14 medical conditions, and it did so with a new deep-learning framework. In so doing, it was able to associate mentions of medical conditions with those of emotions. To then quantify social aspects, this work designed a probabilistic approach that mines open prescription data from the National Health Service in England to compute the prevalence of drug prescriptions, and to relate such a prevalence to census data. To finally visually communicate each medical condition's biological, psychological, and social aspects through storytelling, we designed a narrative-style layered Martini Glass visualization. In a user study involving 52 participants, after interacting with our visualization, a considerable number of them changed their mind on previously held opinions: 10% gave more importance to the psychological aspects of medical conditions, and 27% were more favourable to the use of social media data in healthcare, suggesting the importance of persuasive elements in interactive visualizations.
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26
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Haider F, Pollak S, Albert P, Luz S. Emotion recognition in low-resource settings: An evaluation of automatic feature selection methods. COMPUT SPEECH LANG 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.csl.2020.101119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
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27
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Geers AL, Faasse K, Guevarra DA, Clemens KS, Helfer SG, Colagiuri B. Affect and emotions in placebo and nocebo effects: What do we know so far? SOCIAL AND PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY COMPASS 2020. [DOI: 10.1111/spc3.12575] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Andrew L. Geers
- Department of Psychology University of Toledo Toledo Ohio USA
| | - Kate Faasse
- School of Psychology University of New South Wales Sydney New South Wales Australia
| | - Darwin A. Guevarra
- Department of Psychology Michigan State University East Lansing Michigan USA
| | | | | | - Ben Colagiuri
- School of Psychology University of Sydney Sydney New South Wales Australia
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28
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Wake S, Wormwood J, Satpute AB. The influence of fear on risk taking: a meta-analysis. Cogn Emot 2020; 34:1143-1159. [PMID: 32116122 PMCID: PMC7423744 DOI: 10.1080/02699931.2020.1731428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
A common finding in the study of emotion and decision making is the tendency for fear and anxiety to decrease risk taking. The current meta-analysis summarises the strength and variability of this effect in the extant empirical literature. Our analysis of 136 effect sizes, derived from 68 independent samples and 9,544 participants, included studies that experimentally manipulated fear or measured naturally varying levels of fear or anxiety in both clinical and non-clinical samples, and studies measuring risky decision making and risk estimation. A multilevel random effects model estimated a small to moderate average effect size (r = 0.22), such that fear was related to decreased risky decision making and increased risk estimation. There was also high heterogeneity in the effect sizes. Moderator analyses showed that effect sizes were greater when risk tasks used tangible (e.g. monetary) outcomes and when studies used clinically anxious participants. However, there also remained considerable variability in effect sizes, the sources of which remain unknown. We posit several potential factors that may contribute to observed variability in this effect for future study, including factors concerning both the nature of fear experience and the risk taking context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sean Wake
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jolie Wormwood
- Department of Psychology, University of New Hampshire, Durham, NH, USA
| | - Ajay B. Satpute
- Department of Psychology, Northeastern University, Boston, MA, USA
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29
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Dev V, Consedine NS, Reynolds LM. The “Ick” Factor: An Unrecognized Affective Predictor of Physical Symptoms During Chemotherapy. Ann Behav Med 2020; 55:345-355. [DOI: 10.1093/abm/kaaa055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Patients undergoing chemotherapy experience a range of aversive symptoms. These symptoms vary across individuals and at least some of this variation can be predicted by psychological factors, such as distress. However, while psychological distress predicts some of the symptoms, it is limited in important ways.
Purpose
To (a) assess the viability of disgust—a discrete emotion that specifically evolved for health-related reasons—as a predictor of chemotherapy-related symptoms (particularly, taste- and smell-related changes) and (b) compare the predictive utility of disgust sensitivity and propensity against the most commonly used affective predictor, that is, psychological distress.
Methods
Patients with cancer (N = 63) about to initiate chemotherapy were recruited in a prospective observational study. Psychosocial predictor variables were assessed at baseline, and outcomes (i.e., physical symptoms, body mass index [BMI], and food-based sensory-processing changes) were assessed at both baseline and 6 week follow-up.
Results
Psychological distress did not predict any of the outcomes. Both disgust sensitivity (β = .53, p = .003) and propensity (β = −.56, p = .002) predicted greater food-based sensory-processing changes, while disgust sensitivity marginally predicted greater chemotherapy-related physical symptoms (β = .34, p = .060); neither of these two forms of disgust predicted BMI.
Conclusions
The study provides first evidence showing (a) associations between trait disgust and food sensory-processing changes that arise during chemotherapy and (b) disgust as being a more useful predictor of food- and digestion-related symptoms than psychological distress. In doing so, it opens new doors for better care to be provided to patients undergoing chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vinayak Dev
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Auckland, Grafton, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Nathan S Consedine
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Auckland, Grafton, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Lisa M Reynolds
- Department of Psychological Medicine, University of Auckland, Grafton, Auckland, New Zealand
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30
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Multimodal Emotion Evaluation: A Physiological Model for Cost-Effective Emotion Classification. SENSORS 2020; 20:s20123510. [PMID: 32575894 PMCID: PMC7349550 DOI: 10.3390/s20123510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2020] [Revised: 06/17/2020] [Accepted: 06/19/2020] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Emotional responses are associated with distinct body alterations and are crucial to foster adaptive responses, well-being, and survival. Emotion identification may improve peoples’ emotion regulation strategies and interaction with multiple life contexts. Several studies have investigated emotion classification systems, but most of them are based on the analysis of only one, a few, or isolated physiological signals. Understanding how informative the individual signals are and how their combination works would allow to develop more cost-effective, informative, and objective systems for emotion detection, processing, and interpretation. In the present work, electrocardiogram, electromyogram, and electrodermal activity were processed in order to find a physiological model of emotions. Both a unimodal and a multimodal approach were used to analyze what signal, or combination of signals, may better describe an emotional response, using a sample of 55 healthy subjects. The method was divided in: (1) signal preprocessing; (2) feature extraction; (3) classification using random forest and neural networks. Results suggest that the electrocardiogram (ECG) signal is the most effective for emotion classification. Yet, the combination of all signals provides the best emotion identification performance, with all signals providing crucial information for the system. This physiological model of emotions has important research and clinical implications, by providing valuable information about the value and weight of physiological signals for emotional classification, which can critically drive effective evaluation, monitoring and intervention, regarding emotional processing and regulation, considering multiple contexts.
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31
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Slavish DC, Jones DR, Smyth JM, Engeland CG, Song S, McCormick NM, Graham-Engeland JE. Positive and Negative Affect and Salivary Markers of Inflammation Among Young Adults. Int J Behav Med 2020; 27:282-293. [PMID: 31222631 PMCID: PMC8374836 DOI: 10.1007/s12529-019-09795-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Emerging evidence suggests that higher circulating levels of inflammatory biomarkers in blood are associated with higher negative affect (NA) and lower positive affect (PA). To our knowledge, the unique associations between NA and PA in daily life and salivary biomarkers of inflammation have not been examined. This study examined these associations in young adults. METHODS Measures of NA and PA were created from aggregated daily measures of affect (morning and evening ratings averaged across 14 days). We investigated associations between these measures and salivary C-reactive protein (CRP) and interleukin (IL)-6 in a sample of 108 young adults (60% female, mean age = 20.45 ± 1.47), a subset of whom had self-reported chronic back pain (n = 49). CRP and IL-6 were determined from saliva obtained at the end of the daily diary period. RESULTS After covarying for age, gender, body mass index, chronic pain status, salivary flow rate, and NA, higher PA was associated with lower salivary CRP (β = - 0.02, 95% CI (- 0.03, - 0.00) sr2 = .06, p = .01) but not IL-6; removing NA from this model did not change results. In a model with the same covariates (and PA), NA was not significantly related to CRP or IL-6. Chronic back pain status and gender did not moderate results. CONCLUSIONS Findings suggest that higher PA may be associated with lower salivary CRP in young adults, even after accounting for NA and demographic characteristics. Findings highlight the utility of assessing emotional states in relation to salivary markers of inflammation in future biobehavioral research.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danica C Slavish
- Department of Psychology, University of North Texas, Denton, TX, USA.
| | - Dusti R Jones
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Center for Healthy Aging, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Joshua M Smyth
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Center for Healthy Aging, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Department of Medicine, The Pennsylvania State University, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Christopher G Engeland
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Center for Healthy Aging, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- College of Nursing, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Sunmi Song
- Department of Public Health Sciences, BK21PLUS Program in Embodiment: Health-Society Interaction, Graduate School, Korea University, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Nolan M McCormick
- Department of Biobehavioral Health, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
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32
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Montana JI, Matamala-Gomez M, Maisto M, Mavrodiev PA, Cavalera CM, Diana B, Mantovani F, Realdon O. The Benefits of emotion Regulation Interventions in Virtual Reality for the Improvement of Wellbeing in Adults and Older Adults: A Systematic Review. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9020500. [PMID: 32059514 PMCID: PMC7073752 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9020500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 02/04/2020] [Accepted: 02/05/2020] [Indexed: 01/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The impact of emotion regulation interventions on wellbeing has been extensively documented in literature, although only in recent years virtual reality (VR) technologies have been incorporated in the design of such interventions, in both clinical and non-clinical settings. A systematic search, following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analysis (PRISMA) guidelines, was therefore carried out to explore the state of the art in emotion regulation interventions for wellbeing using virtual reality. The literature on this topic was queried, 414 papers were screened, and 11 studies were included, covering adults and older adults. Our findings offer an overview of the current use of VR technologies for the enhancement of emotion regulation (ER) and wellbeing. The results are promising and suggest that VR-based emotion regulation training can facilitate the promotion of wellbeing. An overview of VR-based training interventions is crucial for better understanding how to use these tools in the clinical settings. This review offers a critical debate on the structure of such intervention protocols. It also analyzes and highlights the crucial role played by the selection of the objective and subjective wellbeing assessment measures of said intervention protocols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Isbely Montana
- Department of Human Sciences for Education, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza dell’Ateneo Nuovo 1, 20126 Milano, Italy; (M.M.-G.); (M.M.); (P.A.M.); (B.D.); (F.M.); (O.R.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Marta Matamala-Gomez
- Department of Human Sciences for Education, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza dell’Ateneo Nuovo 1, 20126 Milano, Italy; (M.M.-G.); (M.M.); (P.A.M.); (B.D.); (F.M.); (O.R.)
| | - Marta Maisto
- Department of Human Sciences for Education, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza dell’Ateneo Nuovo 1, 20126 Milano, Italy; (M.M.-G.); (M.M.); (P.A.M.); (B.D.); (F.M.); (O.R.)
| | - Petar Aleksandrov Mavrodiev
- Department of Human Sciences for Education, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza dell’Ateneo Nuovo 1, 20126 Milano, Italy; (M.M.-G.); (M.M.); (P.A.M.); (B.D.); (F.M.); (O.R.)
| | - Cesare Massimo Cavalera
- Department of Psychology, Catholic University of the Sacred Heart, Largo Gemelli 1, 20100 Milan, Italy;
| | - Barbara Diana
- Department of Human Sciences for Education, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza dell’Ateneo Nuovo 1, 20126 Milano, Italy; (M.M.-G.); (M.M.); (P.A.M.); (B.D.); (F.M.); (O.R.)
| | - Fabrizia Mantovani
- Department of Human Sciences for Education, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza dell’Ateneo Nuovo 1, 20126 Milano, Italy; (M.M.-G.); (M.M.); (P.A.M.); (B.D.); (F.M.); (O.R.)
| | - Olivia Realdon
- Department of Human Sciences for Education, University of Milano-Bicocca, Piazza dell’Ateneo Nuovo 1, 20126 Milano, Italy; (M.M.-G.); (M.M.); (P.A.M.); (B.D.); (F.M.); (O.R.)
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Abstract
OBJECTIVE Positive mood has been associated with enhanced immune function. Interventions that improve mood could therefore provide a mechanism for optimizing immune-related health outcomes. Brief interventions that improve mood, also known as mood inductions, potentially offer a pragmatic approach to enhancing immune function for finite periods where this would be beneficial to health (e.g., in advance of vaccination or surgery). This review sought to systematically examine the evidence regarding the effects of brief, single-session positive mood interventions on immunity. METHODS Systematic searches of electronic databases were performed from earliest records to July 25, 2018. We identified 42 interventions suitable for inclusion, 6 of which were tested in multiple subpopulations. Random-effects meta-analyses were performed for pre-post experimental group immune outcomes measured in at least five intervention studies. RESULTS Although interventions were heterogeneous, 81% resulted in a statistically significant change in at least one immune parameter after the positive mood intervention for one or more of the subpopulations examined. However, studies were, in general, of low-to-moderate quality with small sample sizes (median n = 32) and did not examine the persistence or clinical relevance of the immune changes observed. Random-effects meta-analyses showed a significant medium-sized effect of interventions on increasing secretory IgA concentration (g = 0.65), a small but statistically significant effect for increased Interleukin-6 production (g = 0.12), and nonsignificant effects on natural killer cell activity (g = 0.15). CONCLUSIONS The current literature suggests that improvements in mood resulting from brief interventions can influence some immune parameters in ways indicative of enhanced immune function. However, there is a need for higher-quality research in this area that focuses on clinically relevant immune outcomes and mechanisms.
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Disgust propensity has a causal link to the stigmatization of people with cancer. J Behav Med 2019; 43:377-390. [DOI: 10.1007/s10865-019-00130-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2019] [Accepted: 12/14/2019] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Powell PA, Jones CR, Consedine NS. It’s not queasy being green: The role of disgust in willingness-to-pay for more sustainable product alternatives. Food Qual Prefer 2019. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodqual.2019.103737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Laferton JAC, Fischer S, Ebert DD, Stenzel NM, Zimmermann J. The Effects of Stress Beliefs on Daily Affective Stress Responses. Ann Behav Med 2019; 54:258-267. [DOI: 10.1093/abm/kaz046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Abstract
Background
Negative beliefs about the effects of stress have been associated with poorer health and increased mortality. However, evidence on the psychological mechanisms linking stress beliefs to health is scarce, especially regarding real-life stress.
Purpose
The aim of the current study was to investigate the effects of stress beliefs on affect in the daily stress process in a population prone to health-impairing effects of stress: university students.
Methods
Using daily diaries, 98 university students reported on daily perceived social and work-related stressors as well as positive and negative affect for 10 consecutive days. Stress beliefs, depressive and anxiety symptoms, neuroticism, and demographic variables were assessed prior to the daily diary phase.
Results
Hierarchical linear models revealed a significant cross-level interaction between negative stress beliefs and the association of daily social stressors with negative affect (B = 0.24; 99% confidence interval [CI] = 0.08–0.41, p < .001). When experiencing social stress, participants who held high negative stress beliefs had higher daily negative affect (simple slope = 4.09; p < .001); however, for participants who held low negative stress beliefs the association between daily social stress and daily negative affect was considerably smaller (simple slope = 2.12; p < .001). Moreover, individuals believing stress to be controllable showed higher positive affect throughout the 10-day daily diary phase.
Conclusions
Negative stress beliefs were found to moderate the affective response to daily real-life stressors. Given the established relationship between affect and health, this study provides initial evidence of psychological mechanisms linking stress beliefs to health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johannes A C Laferton
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Psychologische Hochschule Berlin, Berlin, Germany
- Department of Psychology, Clinical Psychology, Philipps University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
| | - Susanne Fischer
- Institute of Psychology, Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, University of Zurich, Zurich, Switzerland
| | - David D Ebert
- Faculty of Behavioural and Movement Sciences, Clinical, Neuro- & Developmental Psychology, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Nikola M Stenzel
- Division of Clinical Psychology and Psychotherapy, Psychologische Hochschule Berlin, Berlin, Germany
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Williams DM, Rhodes RE, Conner MT. Conceptualizing and intervening on affective determinants of health behaviour. Psychol Health 2019; 34:1267-1281. [PMID: 31617431 DOI: 10.1080/08870446.2019.1675659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- David M Williams
- Behavioral and Social Sciences, Brown University School of Public Health , Providence , RI , USA
| | - Ryan E Rhodes
- Exercise Science, Health and Physical Education, University of Victoria , Victoria , British Columbia , Canada
| | - Mark T Conner
- Psychology, Institute of Psychological Sciences, University of Leeds , Leeds , UK
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Psychological well-being and mortality: longitudinal findings from Lithuanian middle-aged and older adults study. Soc Psychiatry Psychiatr Epidemiol 2019; 54:803-811. [PMID: 30627758 PMCID: PMC6656792 DOI: 10.1007/s00127-019-01657-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2017] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The study aimed to examine whether after confounding by possible socio-demographic and other risk factors, psychological well-being is independently associated with reduced all-cause and cardiovascular mortality. METHODS Initial data were collected within the framework of the international project HAPIEE in 2006-2008. A random sample of 7115 individuals aged 45-72 years was screened. Deaths were evaluated by death register of Kaunas city (Lithuania) in a follow-up study till 2016. Psychological well-being was evaluated by a CASP-12 questionnaire. Socio-demographic, lifestyle, biologic factors and depressive symptoms were evaluated. RESULTS Age-adjusted survival curves revealed that psychological well-being predicts longevity in men and women (p < 0.001). After adjustment for many possible confounders psychological well-being was independently associated with all-cause mortality in men (HR 0.77; 95% CI 0.62-0.94) and women (HR 0.73; 95% CI 0.56-0.96). However, psychological well-being association with cardiovascular mortality attained statistical significance only in the women's group (HR 0.53; 95% CI 0.33-0.87), but not in men (HR 0.98; 95% CI 0.72-1.33). CONCLUSIONS Psychological well-being is an important predictor of longevity, controlling well-recognized risk factors such as age, education, cardiovascular diseases, social status, marital status, lifestyle and biological factors and depressive symptoms. Positive psychological well-being should be taken into account when screening older people to prevent negative health outcomes.
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Abstract
BACKGROUND Surgeons present patients with complex information at the perioperative appointment. Emotions likely play a role in surgical decision-making, and disgust is an emotion of revulsion at a stimulus that can lead to avoidance. OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of disgust on intention to undergo surgical resection for colorectal cancer and recall of perioperative instructions. DESIGN This was a cross-sectional observational study conducted online using hypothetical scenarios with nonpatient subjects. SETTINGS The study was conducted using Amazon's Mechanical Turk. PATIENTS Survey respondents were living in the United States. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Surgery intention and recall of perioperative instructions were measured. RESULTS A total of 319 participants met the inclusion criteria. Participants in the experimental condition, who were provided with detailed information and pictures about stoma care, had significantly lower surgery intentions (mean ± SD, 4.60 ± 1.15) compared with the control condition with no stoma prompt (mean ± SD, 5.14 ± 0.91; p = 0.05) and significantly lower recall for preoperative instructions (mean ± SD, 13.75 ± 2.38) compared with the control condition (mean ± SD, 14.36 ± 2.19; p = 0.03). Those within the experimental conditions also reported significantly higher state levels of disgust (mean ± SD, 4.08 ± 1.74) compared with a control condition (mean ± SD, 2.35 ± 1.38; p < 0.001). State-level disgust was found to fully mediate the relationship between condition and recall (b = -0.31) and to partially mediate the effect of condition on surgery intentions (b = 0.17). LIMITATIONS It is unknown whether these results will replicate with patients and the impact of competing emotions in clinical settings. CONCLUSIONS Intentions to undergo colorectal surgery and recall of preoperative instructions are diminished in patients who experience disgust when presented with stoma information. Surgeons and care teams must account for this as they perform perioperative counseling to minimize interference with recall of important perioperative information. See Video Abstract at http://links.lww.com/DCR/A776.
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41
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The psychological wellbeing benefits of place engagement during walking in urban environments: A qualitative photo-elicitation study. Health Place 2018; 53:228-236. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2018.08.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2018] [Revised: 08/16/2018] [Accepted: 08/23/2018] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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42
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Farrell AK, Imami L, Stanton SC, Slatcher RB. Affective processes as mediators of links between close relationships and physical health. SOCIAL AND PERSONALITY PSYCHOLOGY COMPASS 2018. [DOI: 10.1111/spc3.12408] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
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43
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Barbaranelli C, Fida R, Paciello M, Tramontano C. ‘Possunt, quia posse videntur’: They can because they think they can. Development and validation of the Work Self-Efficacy scale: Evidence from two studies. JOURNAL OF VOCATIONAL BEHAVIOR 2018. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jvb.2018.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
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Fida R, Tramontano C, Paciello M, Guglielmetti C, Gilardi S, Probst TM, Barbaranelli C. 'First, Do No Harm': The Role of Negative Emotions and Moral Disengagement in Understanding the Relationship Between Workplace Aggression and Misbehavior. Front Psychol 2018; 9:671. [PMID: 29867649 PMCID: PMC5958226 DOI: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.00671] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 04/18/2018] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Workplace aggression is a critical phenomenon particularly in the healthcare sector, where nurses are especially at risk of bullying and third-party aggression. While workplace aggression has been frequently examined in relation to health problems, less is known about the possible negative impact such aggression may have on the (un)ethical behavior of victims. Our research aims to fill this gap. Drawing on literature on counterproductive work behavior (CWB) and the social-cognitive literature on aggression we investigated in two independent studies (NStudy1 = 439; NStudy2 = 416), the role of negative emotions - in particular anger, fear, and sadness, - and of moral disengagement (MD) in the paths between workplace aggression, CWB and health symptoms. The focus on these relationships is rooted in two reasons. First, misbehavior at work is a pervasive phenomenon worldwide and second, little research has been conducted in the healthcare sector on this type of behavior despite the potential importance of the issue in this context. We empirically tested our hypotheses considering a specific form of workplace aggression in each study: workplace bullying or third-party aggression. Results from the two empirical studies confirm the hypotheses that being target of workplace aggression (bullying or third-party aggression) is not only associated with health symptoms but also with misbehavior. In addition, the results of structural equation modeling attest the importance of examining specific discrete negative emotions and MD for better understanding misbehavior at work. In particular, this research shows for the first time that anger, fear, and sadness, generally aggregated into a single dimension, are indeed differently associated with MD, misbehavior and health symptoms. Specifically, in line with the literature on discrete emotions, while sadness is only associated with health symptoms, anger and fear are related to both health and misbehavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roberta Fida
- Norwich Business School, University of East Anglia, Norwich, United Kingdom
| | - Carlo Tramontano
- Centre for Advances in Behavioural Science, Coventry University, Coventry, United Kingdom
| | - Marinella Paciello
- Faculty of Psychology, Università Telematica Internazionale Uninettuno, Rome, Italy
| | - Chiara Guglielmetti
- Dipartimento di Economia, Management e Metodi Quantitativi, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Silvia Gilardi
- Dipartimento di Economia, Management e Metodi Quantitativi, Università degli Studi di Milano, Milan, Italy
| | - Tahira M. Probst
- Department of Psychology, Washington State University Vancouver, Vancouver, WA, United States
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Reynolds LM, Bissett IP, Consedine NS. Emotional predictors of bowel screening: the avoidance-promoting role of fear, embarrassment, and disgust. BMC Cancer 2018; 18:518. [PMID: 29720112 PMCID: PMC5932793 DOI: 10.1186/s12885-018-4423-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2017] [Accepted: 04/23/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Despite considerable efforts to address practical barriers, colorectal cancer screening numbers are often low. People do not always act rationally, and investigating emotions may offer insight into the avoidance of screening. The current work assessed whether fear, embarrassment, and disgust predicted colorectal cancer screening avoidance. Methods A community sample (N = 306) aged 45+ completed a questionnaire assessing colorectal cancer screening history and the extent that perceptions of cancer risk, colorectal cancer knowledge, doctor discussions, and a specifically developed scale, the Emotional Barriers to Bowel Screening (EBBS), were associated with previous screening behaviours and anticipated bowel health decision-making. Results Step-wise logistic regression models revealed that a decision to delay seeking healthcare in the hypothetical presence of bowel symptoms was less likely in people who had discussed risk with their doctor, whereas greater colorectal cancer knowledge and greater fear of a negative outcome predicted greater likelihood of delay. Having previously provided a faecal sample was predicted by discussions about risk with a doctor, older age, and greater embarrassment, whereas perceptions of lower risk predicted a lower likelihood. Likewise, greater insertion disgust predicted a lower likelihood of having had an invasive bowel screening test in the previous 5 years. Conclusions Alongside medical and demographic factors, fear, embarrassment and disgust are worthy of consideration in colorectal cancer screening. Understanding how specific emotions impact screening decisions and behaviour is an important direction for future work and has potential to inform screening development and communications in bowel health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Reynolds
- Department of Psychological Medicine, The University of Auckland, Private bag 92019, Victoria Street West, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Ian P Bissett
- Department of Surgery, The University of Auckland, Private Bag 92019, Victoria Street West, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - Nathan S Consedine
- Department of Psychological Medicine, The University of Auckland, Private bag 92019, Victoria Street West, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
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Curiosity in old age: A possible key to achieving adaptive aging. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2018; 88:106-116. [PMID: 29545165 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2018.03.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2017] [Revised: 01/11/2018] [Accepted: 03/07/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Curiosity is a fundamental part of human motivation that supports a variety of human intellectual behaviors ranging from early learning in children to scientific discovery. However, there has been little attention paid to the role of curiosity in aging populations. By bringing together broad but sparse neuroscientific and psychological literature on curiosity and related concepts (e.g., novelty seeking in older adults), we propose that curiosity, although it declines with age, plays an important role in maintaining cognitive function, mental health, and physical health in older adults. We identify the dopaminergic reward system and the noradrenergic system as the key brain systems implicated in curiosity processing and discuss how these brain systems contribute to the relationship between curiosity and adaptive aging.
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Kunzmann U, Wrosch C. Comment: The Emotion–Health Link: Perspectives From a Lifespan Theory of Discrete Emotions. EMOTION REVIEW 2018. [DOI: 10.1177/1754073917719332] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Suls provides a useful review of research interested in the contribution of chronic negative emotions to coronary heart disease (CHD). Despite widespread support for a link between negative emotions and the etiology of disease, it is largely unknown if discrete negative emotions, particularly anger, sadness, and anxiety contribute to the development of physical disease in different ways. In this comment, we argue that answering this question will require a more comprehensive analysis of the unique characteristics of discrete emotions as well as conceptually refined assumptions about how discrete emotions develop and change across the adult lifespan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ute Kunzmann
- Institute of Psychology, University of Leipzig, Germany
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48
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Morowatisharifabad MA, Rahimi T, Farajkhoda T, Fallahzadeh H, Mohebi S. Exploring the feelings of Iranian women of reproductive age about health care seeking behavior: a qualitative study. Health Promot Perspect 2018; 8:71-78. [PMID: 29423365 PMCID: PMC5797311 DOI: 10.15171/hpp.2018.09] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2017] [Accepted: 12/12/2017] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Despite the important role of feelings in health care seeking behavior (HCSB), this subject has not yet been adequately investigated. HCSB-related feelings begin with the onset of disease symptoms and persist in different forms after treatment. The aim of current study was to explore the feelings that women of reproductive age experience when they seek health care. Methods: In this deductive, qualitative content analysis, participants were selected by purposeful sampling. Semi-structured, in-depth interviews with 17 women of reproductive age and 5 health care staffs in Qom, Iran were carried out until data saturation was achieved. Qualitative data were concurrently analyzed by deductive content analysis, using the Health Promotion Model (HPM). The MAXQDA10 software was used to manage qualitative data analysis. Results: Three main categories were drawn from data to explain the HCSB-related feelings of participants consisting of (1) feeling of inner satisfaction with the treatment with 2 subcategories including "peace of mind" and "feeling alive", (2) multiple roles of fear with 5 subcategories including "fear about the consequences of delay", "fear of having hidden diseases", "fear of unknown experiences", "fear of hearing bad news" and "fear of medical errors" and (3)uncomfortable feelings with 3 subcategories including "feeling uneasy when attending health facility", "feeling embarrassed" and "feeling worthless due to dealing the doctor". Conclusion: This study revealed that the inner feelings of women varied widely, ranging from positive or motivating feelings to negative or inhibitory ones, given their experiences with the formal health care system and the current situation of medical and health services. Highlighting patients' perceived inner satisfaction and reducing fear and uncomfortable feelings by adopting culture-based practical strategies can enhance women's HCSB.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Tahereh Rahimi
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Tahmineh Farajkhoda
- Research Center for Nursing and Midwifery Care, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Hossein Fallahzadeh
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Research Center of Prevention and Epidemiology of Non-Communicable Disease, School of Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Siamak Mohebi
- Department of Health Education and Promotion, School of Health, Qom University of Medical Sciences, Qom, Iran
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Reynolds LM, Bissett IP, Porter D, Consedine NS. The "ick" Factor Matters: Disgust Prospectively Predicts Avoidance in Chemotherapy Patients. Ann Behav Med 2017; 50:935-945. [PMID: 27411331 DOI: 10.1007/s12160-016-9820-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Chemotherapy can be physically and psychologically demanding. Avoidance and withdrawal are common among patients coping with these demands. PURPOSE This report compares established emotional predictors of avoidance during chemotherapy (embarrassment; distress) with an emotion (disgust) that has been unstudied in this context. METHODS This report outlines secondary analyses of an RCT where 68 cancer patients undergoing chemotherapy were randomized to mindfulness or relaxation interventions. Self-reported baseline disgust (DS-R), embarrassment (SES-SF), and distress (Distress Thermometer) were used to prospectively predict multiple classes of avoidance post-intervention and at 3 months follow-up. Measures assessed social avoidance, cognitive and emotional avoidance (IES Avoidance), as well as information seeking and treatment adherence (General Adherence Scale). RESULTS Repeated-measures ANOVAs evaluated possible longitudinal changes in disgust and forward entry regression models contrasted the ability of the affective variables to predict avoidance. Although disgust did not change over time or vary between groups, greater disgust predicted greater social, cognitive, and emotional avoidance, as well as greater information seeking. Social avoidance was predicted by trait embarrassment and distress predicted non-adherence. CONCLUSIONS This report represents the first investigation of disgust's ability to prospectively predict avoidance in people undergoing chemotherapy. Compared to embarrassment and distress, disgust was a more consistent predictor across avoidance domains and its predictive ability was evident across a longer period of time. Findings highlight disgust's role as an indicator of likely avoidance in this health context. Early identification of cancer patients at risk of deleterious avoidance may enable timely interventions and has important clinical implications (ACTRN12613000238774).
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Affiliation(s)
- Lisa M Reynolds
- Department of Psychological Medicine, The University of Auckland, Private bag 92019, Victoria Street West, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand.
| | - Ian P Bissett
- Department of Surgery, The University of Auckland, Private bag 92019, Victoria Street West, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
| | - David Porter
- Auckland Regional Cancer and Blood Service, Auckland, New Zealand
| | - Nathan S Consedine
- Department of Psychological Medicine, The University of Auckland, Private bag 92019, Victoria Street West, Auckland, 1142, New Zealand
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50
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Myrick JG, Willoughby JF. Educated but anxious: How emotional states and education levels combine to influence online health information seeking. Health Informatics J 2017; 25:649-660. [DOI: 10.1177/1460458217719561] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
Abstract
This study combined conceptual frameworks from health information seeking, appraisal theory of emotions, and social determinants of health literatures to examine how emotional states and education predict online health information seeking. Nationally representative data from the Health Information National Trends Survey (HINTS 4, Cycle 3) were used to test the roles of education, anxiety, anger, sadness, hope, happiness, and an education by anxiety interaction in predicting online health information seeking. Results suggest that women, tablet owners, smartphone owners, the college educated, those who are sad some or all of the time, and those who are anxious most of the time were significantly more likely to seek online health information. Conversely, being angry all of the time decreased the likelihood of seeking. Furthermore, two significant interactions emerged between anxiety and education levels. Discrete psychological states and demographic factors (gender and education) individually and jointly impact information seeking tendencies.
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