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Schleicherová D, Pastorino P, Pappalardo A, Nota A, Gendusa C, Mirone E, Prearo M, Santovito A. Genotoxicological and physiological effects of glyphosate and its metabolite, aminomethylphosphonic acid, on the freshwater invertebrate Lymnaea stagnalis. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2024; 271:106940. [PMID: 38728927 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2024.106940] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Revised: 05/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/03/2024] [Indexed: 05/12/2024]
Abstract
Aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA) is the main metabolite in the degradation of glyphosate, a broad-spectrum herbicide, and it is more toxic and persistent in the environment than the glyphosate itself. Owing to their extensive use, both chemicals pose a serious risk to aquatic ecosystems. Here, we explored the genotoxicological and physiological effects of glyphosate, AMPA, and the mixed solution in the proportion 1:1 in Lymnaea stagnalis, a freshwater gastropod snail. To do this, adult individuals were exposed to increasing nominal concentrations (0.0125, 0.025, 0.050, 0.100, 0.250, 0.500 µg/mL) in all three treatments once a week for four weeks. The genotoxicological effects were estimated as genomic damage, as defined by the number of micronuclei and nuclear buds observed in hemocytes, while the physiological effects were estimated as the effects on somatic growth and egg production. Exposure to glyphosate, AMPA, and the mixed solution caused genomic damage, as measured in increased frequency of micronuclei and nuclear buds and in adverse effects on somatic growth and egg production. Our findings suggest the need for more research into the harmful and synergistic effects of glyphosate and AMPA and of pesticides and their metabolites in general.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dáša Schleicherová
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10124, Torino; Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154, Torino.
| | - Paolo Pastorino
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154, Torino.
| | - Alessia Pappalardo
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10124, Torino.
| | - Alessandro Nota
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10124, Torino.
| | - Claudio Gendusa
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10124, Torino.
| | - Enrico Mirone
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10124, Torino.
| | - Marino Prearo
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale del Piemonte, Liguria e Valle d'Aosta, Via Bologna 148, 10154, Torino.
| | - Alfredo Santovito
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Via Accademia Albertina 13, 10124, Torino.
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Huang R, Oduor AMO, Yan Y, Yu W, Chao C, Dong L, Jin S, Li F. Nutrient enrichment, propagule pressure, and herbivory interactively influence the competitive ability of an invasive alien macrophyte Myriophyllum aquaticum. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2024; 15:1411767. [PMID: 38872881 PMCID: PMC11169793 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2024.1411767] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 05/01/2024] [Indexed: 06/15/2024]
Abstract
Introduction Freshwater ecosystems are susceptible to invasion by alien macrophytes due to their connectivity and various plant dispersal vectors. These ecosystems often experience anthropogenic nutrient enrichment, favouring invasive species that efficiently exploit these resources. Propagule pressure (reflecting the quantity of introduced individuals) and habitat invasibility are key determinants of invasion success. Moreover, the enemy release hypothesis predicts that escape from natural enemies, such as herbivores, allows alien species to invest more resources to growth and reproduction rather than defense, enhancing their invasive potential. Yet, the combined impact of propagule pressure, herbivory, and nutrient enrichment on the competitive dynamics between invasive alien macrophytes and native macrophyte communities is not well understood due to a paucity of studies. Methods We conducted a full factorial mesocosm experiment to explore the individual and combined effects of herbivory, nutrient levels, propagule pressure, and competition on the invasion success of the alien macrophyte Myriophyllum aquaticum into a native macrophyte community comprising Vallisneria natans, Hydrilla verticillata, and Myriophyllum spicatum. This setup included varying M. aquaticum densities (low vs. high, simulating low and high propagule pressures), two levels of herbivory by the native snail Lymnaea stagnalis (herbivory vs no-herbivory), and two nutrient conditions (low vs. high). Myriophyllum aquaticum was also grown separately at both densities without competition from native macrophytes. Results The invasive alien macrophyte M. aquaticum produced the highest shoot and total biomass when simultaneously subjected to conditions of high-density intraspecific competition, no herbivory, and low-nutrient availability treatments. Moreover, a high propagule pressure of M. aquaticum significantly reduced the growth of the native macrophyte community in nutrient-rich conditions, but this effect was not observed in nutrient-poor conditions. Discussion These findings indicate that M. aquaticum has adaptive traits enabling it to flourish in the absence of herbivory (supporting the enemy release hypothesis) and in challenging environments such as intense intraspecific competition and low nutrient availability. Additionally, the findings demonstrate that when present in large numbers, M. aquaticum can significantly inhibit the growth of native macrophyte communities, particularly in nutrient-rich environments. Consequently, reducing the propagule pressure of M. aquaticum could help control its spread and mitigate its ecological impact. Overall, these findings emphasize that the growth and impacts of invasive alien plants can vary across different habitat conditions and is shaped by the interplay of biotic and abiotic factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ru Huang
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Dongting Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of Dongting Lake Wetland Ecosystem in Hunan Province, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, China
| | - Ayub M. O. Oduor
- Department of Applied Biology, Technical University of Kenya, Nairobi, Kenya
| | - Yimin Yan
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Dongting Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of Dongting Lake Wetland Ecosystem in Hunan Province, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Weicheng Yu
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Dongting Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of Dongting Lake Wetland Ecosystem in Hunan Province, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Chuanxin Chao
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Dongting Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of Dongting Lake Wetland Ecosystem in Hunan Province, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Lei Dong
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Dongting Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of Dongting Lake Wetland Ecosystem in Hunan Province, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Shaofei Jin
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Dongting Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of Dongting Lake Wetland Ecosystem in Hunan Province, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Department of Geography and Oceanography, Minjiang University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Feng Li
- Key Laboratory of Agro-Ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Dongting Lake Station for Wetland Ecosystem Research, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
- National Field Scientific Observation and Research Station of Dongting Lake Wetland Ecosystem in Hunan Province, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Technology Innovation Center for Ecological Conservation and Restoration in Dongting Lake Basin, Ministry of Natural Resources, Changsha, Hunan, China
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Ubero-Pascal N, Aboal M. Cyanobacteria and Macroinvertebrate Relationships in Freshwater Benthic Communities beyond Cytotoxicity. Toxins (Basel) 2024; 16:190. [PMID: 38668615 PMCID: PMC11054157 DOI: 10.3390/toxins16040190] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2024] [Revised: 04/01/2024] [Accepted: 04/09/2024] [Indexed: 04/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are harmful algae that are monitored worldwide to prevent the effects of the toxins that they can produce. Most research efforts have focused on direct or indirect effects on human populations, with a view to gain easy accurate detection and quantification methods, mainly in planktic communities, but with increasing interest shown in benthos. However, cyanobacteria have played a fundamental role from the very beginning in both the development of our planet's biodiversity and the construction of new habitats. These organisms have colonized almost every possible planktic or benthic environment on earth, including the most extreme ones, and display a vast number of adaptations. All this explains why they are the most important or the only phototrophs in some habitats. The negative effects of cyanotoxins on macroinvertebrates have been demonstrated, but usually under conditions that are far from natural, and on forms of exposure, toxin concentration, or composition. The cohabitation of cyanobacteria with most invertebrate groups is long-standing and has probably contributed to the development of detoxification means, which would explain the survival of some species inside cyanobacteria colonies. This review focuses on benthic cyanobacteria, their capacity to produce several types of toxins, and their relationships with benthic macroinvertebrates beyond toxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nicolás Ubero-Pascal
- Department of Zoology and Physical Anthropology, Faculty of Biology, Espinardo Campus, University of Murcia, E-30100 Murcia, Spain;
| | - Marina Aboal
- Laboratory of Algology, Faculty of Biology, Espinardo Campus, University of Murcia, E-30100 Murcia, Spain
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Peng Q, Gong X, Jiang R, Yang N, Chen R, Dai B, Wang R. Performance and characterization of snail adhesive mucus as a bioflocculant against toxic Microcystis. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2024; 270:115921. [PMID: 38183749 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.115921] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2023] [Revised: 12/08/2023] [Accepted: 12/29/2023] [Indexed: 01/08/2024]
Abstract
Toxic Microcystis blooms are widespread in aquatic bodies, posing major threats to aquatic and human life. Recently, bioflocculants have attracted considerable attention as a promising biomaterial for Microcystis management. In search of a novel organism that can produce an efficient bioflocculant for controlling harmful algae sustainably, the native gastropod Cipangopaludina chinensis was co-cultured continuously with toxic Microcystis under different initial algal cell densities. The bioflocculation effect of snail mucus on toxic Microcystis, microcystin removal, and toxin accumulation in snails was investigated. In addition, the properties of the adhesive mucus were characterized using microscopic, X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, and polysaccharide and proteome analyses. Microcystis cells were captured and flocculated by the snail mucus; removal efficiencies of up to 89.9% and 84.8% were achieved for microalgae and microcystin-leucine arginine (MC-LR), respectively, when co-cultured with C. chinensis for only one day. After nine-day exposure, less than 5.49 µg/kg DW microcystins accumulated in the snails, indicating safety for human consumption. The snail mucus contained 104.3 µg/mg protein and 72.7 µg/mg carbohydrate, which provide several functional groups beneficial for Microcystis bioflocculation. The main monosaccharide subunits of polysaccharides are galactose, galactosamine, glucosamine, fucose, glucose, and mannose. Most of them are key components of polysaccharides in many bioflocculants. Gene Ontology analysis indicated the protein enrichment in binding processes and catalytic activity, which may account for Microcystis bioflocculation via protein binding or enzymatic reactions. The findings indicate that native C. chinensis secretes adhesive mucus that can act as bioflocculant for toxic Microcystis from ambient water and can be an effective and eco-friendly tool for Microcystis suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qin Peng
- Key Laboratory of Land Resources Evaluation and Monitoring in Southwest (Sichuan Normal University), Ministry of Education, China; College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xinyue Gong
- Key Laboratory of Land Resources Evaluation and Monitoring in Southwest (Sichuan Normal University), Ministry of Education, China; College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ruixin Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Land Resources Evaluation and Monitoring in Southwest (Sichuan Normal University), Ministry of Education, China; College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Na Yang
- Key Laboratory of Land Resources Evaluation and Monitoring in Southwest (Sichuan Normal University), Ministry of Education, China; College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Ruiting Chen
- Key Laboratory of Land Resources Evaluation and Monitoring in Southwest (Sichuan Normal University), Ministry of Education, China; College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Binglin Dai
- Key Laboratory of Land Resources Evaluation and Monitoring in Southwest (Sichuan Normal University), Ministry of Education, China; College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Rui Wang
- Key Laboratory of Land Resources Evaluation and Monitoring in Southwest (Sichuan Normal University), Ministry of Education, China; College of Life Science, Sichuan Normal University, Chengdu 610041, China.
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Wang M, Qiu Y, Zhang Z, Chen Y, Qin W, Guan W, Li G, Yu H, Dai C, Li R, Ma Z. Dual characteristics of Bellamya aeruginosa encountering Microcystis aeruginosa: Algal control and toxin depuration. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2023; 252:114596. [PMID: 36738609 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2023.114596] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 01/17/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
The benthic gastropods Bellamya aeruginosa (B. aeruginosa) is ubiquitous in freshwater in China and neighboring countries with great edible value. It has been recognized as a potential manipulator to control harmful algal blooms due to its filtration on algal cells. In this study, the control effect of B. aeruginosa on toxic and non-toxic Microcystis aeruginosa (M. aeruginosa), and the accumulation and depuration of microcystins (MCs) in the snail were systematically explored. Results indicated that although toxic M. aeruginosa could protect itself via producing MCs, the introduction of B. aeruginosa could still effectively inhibit the algae with cell density below 1 × 106 cells/mL. Hepatopancreas was the primary target of MCs in all tissues of B. aeruginosa, presenting a maximum of 3089.60 ng/g DW when exposed to toxic M. aeruginosa of 1.0 × 107 cells/mL. The enrichment of MCs in other tissues following the order of digestive tract > gonad > mantle > muscle. Interestingly, snail could again excrete previously enriched MCs when transferred to non-toxic M. aeruginosa, giving rise to over 80% reduction of MCs in the body. After depuration, the estimated daily intake (EDI) of free MCs in intact individuals and the edible parts of B. aeruginosa were both lower than the tolerable daily intake (TDI). These results implicated that B. aeruginosa could control low density of M. aeruginosa in spring. Particularly, the snail could be perfectly safe to consume by purifying for a while after using as manipulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Wang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Subtropical Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ecological Treatment Technology for Urban Water Pollution, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yu Qiu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Subtropical Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ecological Treatment Technology for Urban Water Pollution, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Ziyi Zhang
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Subtropical Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ecological Treatment Technology for Urban Water Pollution, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yutao Chen
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Subtropical Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ecological Treatment Technology for Urban Water Pollution, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Wenli Qin
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Subtropical Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ecological Treatment Technology for Urban Water Pollution, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Wanchun Guan
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, School of Laboratory Medicine and Life Science, Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou, Zhejiang 325035, China
| | - Gang Li
- Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Bio-resources and Ecology, South China Sea Institute of Oceanology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangzhou 510301, China
| | - Hengguo Yu
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Subtropical Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ecological Treatment Technology for Urban Water Pollution, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Chuanjun Dai
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Subtropical Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ecological Treatment Technology for Urban Water Pollution, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Renhui Li
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Subtropical Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ecological Treatment Technology for Urban Water Pollution, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Zengling Ma
- Zhejiang Provincial Key Laboratory for Subtropical Water Environment and Marine Biological Resources Protection, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China; National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Ecological Treatment Technology for Urban Water Pollution, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
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Yang X, Zhu J, Hu C, Yang W, Zheng Z. Integration of Transcriptomics and Microbiomics Reveals the Responses of Bellamya aeruginosa to Toxic Cyanobacteria. Toxins (Basel) 2023; 15:toxins15020119. [PMID: 36828433 PMCID: PMC9958990 DOI: 10.3390/toxins15020119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/29/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Frequent outbreaks of harmful cyanobacterial blooms and the cyanotoxins they produce not only seriously jeopardize the health of freshwater ecosystems but also directly affect the survival of aquatic organisms. In this study, the dynamic characteristics and response patterns of transcriptomes and gut microbiomes in gastropod Bellamya aeruginosa were investigated to explore the underlying response mechanisms to toxic cyanobacterial exposure. The results showed that toxic cyanobacteria exposure induced overall hepatopancreatic transcriptome changes. A total of 2128 differentially expressed genes were identified at different exposure stages, which were mainly related to antioxidation, immunity, and metabolism of energy substances. In the early phase (the first 7 days of exposure), the immune system may notably be the primary means of resistance to toxin stress, and it performs apoptosis to kill damaged cells. In the later phase (the last 7 days of exposure), oxidative stress and the degradation activities of exogenous substances play a dominant role, and nutrient substance metabolism provides energy to the body throughout the process. Microbiomic analysis showed that toxic cyanobacteria increased the diversity of gut microbiota, enhanced interactions between gut microbiota, and altered microbiota function. In addition, the changes in gut microbiota were correlated with the expression levels of antioxidant-, immune-, metabolic-related differentially expressed genes. These results provide a comprehensive understanding of gastropods and intestinal microbiota response to toxic cyanobacterial stress.
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Gnatyshyna L, Khoma V, Martinyuk V, Matskiv T, Pedrini-Martha V, Niederwanger M, Stoliar O, Dallinger R. Sublethal cadmium exposure in the freshwater snail Lymnaea stagnalis meets a deficient, poorly responsive metallothionein system while evoking oxidative and cellular stress. Comp Biochem Physiol C Toxicol Pharmacol 2023; 263:109490. [PMID: 36265756 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpc.2022.109490] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Revised: 09/29/2022] [Accepted: 10/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The Great Pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis (Gastropoda, Hygrophila) is a wide-spread freshwater gastropod, being considered as a model organism for research in many fields of biology, including ecotoxicology. The aim of the present study was to explore the Cd sensitivity of L. stagnalis through the measurement of a biomarker battery for oxidative, toxic and cellular stress. The interpretation of biomarker parameters occurred against the background of a truncated metallothionein protein with a limited Cd-binding capacity. Individuals of L. stagnalis were exposed through 14 days to uncontaminated water (controls) or to low (30 μg · L-1) or high (50 μg · L-1) Cd concentrations. The digestive gland of control and low-Cd exposed snails was processed for transcriptional analysis of the Metallothionein (MT) gene expression, and for determination of biomarkers for oxidative stress, toxicity and cellular stress. Digestive gland supernatants of high-Cd exposed snails were subjected to chromatography and subsequent analysis by spectrophotometry. It was shown that the MT system of L. stagnalis is functionally deficient, with a poor Cd responsiveness at both, the transcriptional and the protein expression levels. Instead, L. stagnalis appears to rely on alternative detoxification mechanisms such as Cd binding by phytochelatins and metal inactivation by compartmentalization within the lysosomal system. In spite of this, however, traces of Cd apparently leak out of the pre-determined detoxification pathways, leading to adverse effects, which is clearly indicated by biomarkers of oxidative and cellular stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lesya Gnatyshyna
- I.Ya. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine; Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University, Ternopil, Ukraine.
| | - Vira Khoma
- Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University, Ternopil, Ukraine.
| | - Viktoria Martinyuk
- Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University, Ternopil, Ukraine
| | - Tetyana Matskiv
- I.Ya. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine; Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University, Ternopil, Ukraine.
| | | | - Michael Niederwanger
- Institute of Zoology, University and Center of Molecular Biosciences, Innsbruck, Austria.
| | - Oksana Stoliar
- Ternopil Volodymyr Hnatiuk National Pedagogical University, Ternopil, Ukraine.
| | - Reinhard Dallinger
- Institute of Zoology, University and Center of Molecular Biosciences, Innsbruck, Austria.
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Curren E, Leaw CP, Lim PT, Leong SCY. The toxic cosmopolitan cyanobacteria Moorena producens: insights into distribution, ecophysiology and toxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2022; 29:78178-78206. [PMID: 36190622 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-022-23096-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2022] [Accepted: 09/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Moorena producens is a benthic filamentous cyanobacteria that has been widely documented for its toxicity. This cyanobacterium colonizes both temperate (37%) and tropical (63%) regions, making it a cosmopolitan cyanobacterium with a global distribution. M. producens grows across coral reefs in multiple locations but recurringly blooms in Queensland, Australia. Today, nuisance blooms of M. producens have resulted in major disruptions to recreational activities along coastal areas and are known to cause adverse effects on organism and human health upon contact or ingestion. Specifically, marine organisms such as the green turtle Chelonia mydas and hawksbill turtle Eretmochelys imbricata were fatally poisoned by M. producens after consumption of this cyanobacterium. Reports record a range of effects on human health, from pain and blistering or even death upon ingestion of contaminated seafood. Blooms of M. producens are triggered by influxes of nitrogen, phosphate and iron, from surrounding coastal runoffs or sewage effluents. Additions of these nutrients can result in an increase in growth rate by 4-16 times. Iron bioavailability also plays a crucial role in bloom formation. A total of 231 natural products from 66 groups were identified from M. producens, with the three dominant groups: malyngamides, microcolins and dolastatins. These bioactive secondary metabolites have displayed toxicities against a range of carcinoma cell lines and organisms such as brine shrimp Artemia salina and goldfish Carassius auratus. This review provides a thorough insight to the distribution, ecophysiology and toxicity of M. producens, with reports on bloom events and implications on organism and human health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emily Curren
- St. John's Island National Marine Laboratory, Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, 18 Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119227, Singapore.
| | - Chui Pin Leaw
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, Bachok, Malaysia
| | - Po Teen Lim
- Bachok Marine Research Station, Institute of Ocean and Earth Sciences, University of Malaya, Bachok, Malaysia
| | - Sandric Chee Yew Leong
- St. John's Island National Marine Laboratory, Tropical Marine Science Institute, National University of Singapore, 18 Kent Ridge Road, Singapore, 119227, Singapore
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Parasites and their freshwater snail hosts maintain their nutritional value for essential fatty acids despite altered algal diets. Oecologia 2021; 196:553-564. [PMID: 34003360 DOI: 10.1007/s00442-021-04944-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2020] [Accepted: 05/09/2021] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
Abstract
Despite their ubiquity and considerable biomass, the roles played by parasites in aquatic food webs are still not well understood, especially those of their free-living infectious stages. For instance, cercariae, the motile larvae of parasitic flukes (trematodes) may be a key source of nutrients and energy for consumers. As cercariae clonally reproduce within the digestive-gonadal gland complex of gastropod intermediate hosts that acquire nutritionally important polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) mainly from their diets (e.g., by grazing on primary producers), cercariae could transfer snail-derived PUFA if consumed. Through fatty acid (FA) analysis, we explored whether a change in the diet of parasitized hosts altered the FA profiles of both snail-only and trematode-containing snail tissue, thereby affecting their nutritional values. Freshwater snails (Stagnicola elodes) infected with Plagiorchis sp. were fed three different diets (cyanobacteria, green algae, and diatoms) that differed in nutritional quality with respect to FA profiles. While diet influenced the overall FA composition of both snail-only tissue and snail tissue containing trematodes, levels of certain PUFA (mainly omega-3) were largely unaffected. Trematode-containing snail tissue also generally contained more PUFA relative to snail-only tissue. Notably, both tissue types had far higher levels of PUFA than found in their diets. Our results suggest that freshwater snail hosts, and possibly their associated trematode parasites, could be trophic upgraders of key PUFA despite anthropogenically induced changes in algal communities that may lead to overall diminished PUFA contents. As such, cercariae-mediated trophic transfers of PUFA may play important roles in aquatic food webs.
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10
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Nowruzi B, Porzani SJ. Toxic compounds produced by cyanobacteria belonging to several species of the order Nostocales: A review. J Appl Toxicol 2020; 41:510-548. [PMID: 33289164 DOI: 10.1002/jat.4088] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2020] [Revised: 09/24/2020] [Accepted: 09/28/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are well recognised as producers of a wide range of natural compounds that are in turn recognised as toxins that have potential and useful applications in the future as pharmaceutical agents. The order Nostocales, which is largely overlooked in this regard, has become increasingly recognised as a source of toxin producers including Anabaena, Nostoc, Hapalosiphon, Fischerella, Anabaenopsis, Aphanizomenon, Gloeotrichia, Cylindrospermopsis, Scytonema, Raphidiopsis, Cuspidothrix, Nodularia, Stigonema, Calothrix, Cylindrospermum and Desmonostoc species. The toxin compounds (i.e., microcystins, nodularin, anatoxins, ambiguines, fischerindoles and welwitindolinones) and metabolites are about to have a destructive effect on both inland and aquatic environment aspects. The present review gives an overview of the various toxins that are extracted by the order Nostocales. The current research suggests that these compounds that are produced by cyanobacterial species have promising future considerations as potentially harmful algae and as promising leads for drug discovery.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bahareh Nowruzi
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Samaneh Jafari Porzani
- Department of Biology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
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11
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Fodor I, Hussein AAA, Benjamin PR, Koene JM, Pirger Z. The unlimited potential of the great pond snail, Lymnaea stagnalis. eLife 2020; 9:e56962. [PMID: 32539932 PMCID: PMC7297532 DOI: 10.7554/elife.56962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Only a limited number of animal species lend themselves to becoming model organisms in multiple biological disciplines: one of these is the great pond snail, Lymnaea stagnalis. Extensively used since the 1970s to study fundamental mechanisms in neurobiology, the value of this freshwater snail has been also recognised in fields as diverse as host-parasite interactions, ecotoxicology, evolution, genome editing and 'omics', and human disease modelling. While there is knowledge about the natural history of this species, what is currently lacking is an integration of findings from the laboratory and the field. With this in mind, this article aims to summarise the applicability of L. stagnalis and points out that this multipurpose model organism is an excellent, contemporary choice for addressing a large range of different biological questions, problems and phenomena.
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Affiliation(s)
- István Fodor
- NAP Adaptive Neuroethology, Department of Experimental Zoology, Balaton Limnological Institute, Centre for Ecological ResearchTihanyHungary
| | - Ahmed AA Hussein
- Department of Ecological Sciences, Faculty of Sciences, Vrije UniversiteitAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Paul R Benjamin
- Sussex Neuroscience, School of Life Sciences, University of SussexBrightonUnited Kingdom
| | - Joris M Koene
- Section of Animal Ecology, Department of Ecological Science, Faculty of Earth and Life Sciences, Vrije Universiteit AmsterdamAmsterdamNetherlands
| | - Zsolt Pirger
- NAP Adaptive Neuroethology, Department of Experimental Zoology, Balaton Limnological Institute, Centre for Ecological ResearchTihanyHungary
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12
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Free or Protein-Bound Microcystin Accumulation by Freshwater Bivalves as a Tool to Evaluate Water Contamination by Microcystin-Producing Cyanobacteria? APPLIED SCIENCES-BASEL 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/app10103426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacterial proliferations display rapid spatiotemporal variations that can interfere in the assessment of water contamination levels by microcystins (MC), and make necessary the use of integrative tools. This study evaluates the pertinence of bivalves Anodonta anatina and Dreissena polymorpha as bioindicators of the presence of MC-producing cyanobacteria in water. Ingested MC accumulates into two fractions in bivalve tissues—the cellular free and the protein-bound fractions—both forming the total MC fraction. Mussels were exposed to the cyanobacteria Planktothrix agardhii at densities producing an equivalent of 1, 10 and 100 µg/L of intracellular MC, with the evaluation of: (i) cyanobacterial cells and MC daily intake by mussels, (ii) free and total MC kinetics in whole individuals (using all the tissues) or only in the digestive gland, during and after the exposure, (iii) bioaccumulation factors. For each species, the kinetics of the two accumulation fractions were compared to evaluate which one best reflect levels and dynamics of MC-producing cyanobacteria in water. Results showed that the dynamic of free MC in bivalve tissues better highlight the dynamic of intracellular MC in water. Using whole D. polymorpha may be appropriate to reveal and discriminate the water contamination levels above densities of cyanobacteria producing 1 µg MC/L. Digestive glands of A. anatina appeared more sensitive to reveal low environmental concentration, but without direct correlation with levels of water contamination. Further experimentations in situ are necessary to confirm those results in order to propose the use of freshwater bivalves for a biomonitoring of MC-producing cyanobacteria in fresh waters.
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Amorim J, Abreu I, Rodrigues P, Peixoto D, Pinheiro C, Saraiva A, Carvalho AP, Guimarães L, Oliva-Teles L. Lymnaea stagnalis as a freshwater model invertebrate for ecotoxicological studies. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2019; 669:11-28. [PMID: 30877957 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2019.03.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2018] [Revised: 01/23/2019] [Accepted: 03/03/2019] [Indexed: 05/14/2023]
Abstract
Lymnaea stagnalis, also referred to as great or common pond snail, is an abundant and widespread invertebrate species colonizing temperate limnic systems. Given the species importance, studies involving L. stagnalis have the potential to produce scientifically relevant information, leading to a better understanding of the damage caused by aquatic contamination, as well as the modes of action of toxicants. Lymnaea stagnalis individuals are easily maintained in laboratory conditions, with a lifespan of about two years. The snails are hermaphrodites and sexual maturity occurs about three months after egg laying. Importantly, they can produce a high number of offspring all year round and are considered well suited for use in investigations targeting the identification of developmental and reproductive impairments. The primary aims of this review were two-fold: i) to provide an updated and insightful compilation of established toxicological measures determined in both chronic and acute toxicity assays, as useful tool to the design and development of future research; and ii) to provide a state of the art related to direct toxicant exposure and its potentially negative effects on this species. Relevant and informative studies were analysed and discussed. Knowledge gaps in need to be addressed in the near future were further identified.
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Affiliation(s)
- João Amorim
- Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Departamento de Biologia, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR) da Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
| | - Isabel Abreu
- Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Departamento de Biologia, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR) da Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Pedro Rodrigues
- Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Departamento de Biologia, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR) da Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Diogo Peixoto
- Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Departamento de Biologia, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Carlos Pinheiro
- Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Departamento de Biologia, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Aurélia Saraiva
- Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Departamento de Biologia, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR) da Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - António Paulo Carvalho
- Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Departamento de Biologia, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR) da Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal
| | - Laura Guimarães
- Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR) da Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
| | - Luis Oliva-Teles
- Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto, Departamento de Biologia, Rua do Campo Alegre, s/n, 4169-007 Porto, Portugal; Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigação Marinha e Ambiental (CIIMAR) da Universidade do Porto, Terminal de Cruzeiros do Porto de Leixões, Avenida General Norton de Matos, s/n, 4450-208 Matosinhos, Portugal.
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14
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Qiao F, Lei K, Han X, Wei Z, Zhao X, An L, LeBlanc GA. No impacts of microcystins on wild freshwater snail Bellamya Aeruginosa fecundity from a eutrophic lake. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND PHARMACOLOGY 2018; 60:165-168. [PMID: 29729576 DOI: 10.1016/j.etap.2018.04.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2017] [Revised: 04/07/2018] [Accepted: 04/30/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The preliminary investigation at shoreline along Taihu lake with different degrees of eutrophication status found no significant relationship between the microcystin-LR concentrations and the freshwater snail Bellamya aeruginosa fecundity or the abundance of wild freshwater snails. To further confirm the impact of eutrophication on the reproductive ability of snails, ecological mesocosm experiments were employed at four sites in Taihu lake during the algal blooming period, and no significant relationship was also found between MC-LR concentrations and snail fecundity. These results implied that eutrophication does not negatively or positive affect snail fecundity in Taihu Lake, a typical eutrophication lake in China.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Kun Lei
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Xuemei Han
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Zhanliang Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Xingru Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China
| | - Lihui An
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment, Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences, Beijing 100012, China.
| | - Gerald A LeBlanc
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27606, USA
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15
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Zhang P, Grutters BMC, van Leeuwen CHA, Xu J, Petruzzella A, van den Berg RF, Bakker ES. Effects of Rising Temperature on the Growth, Stoichiometry, and Palatability of Aquatic Plants. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2018; 9:1947. [PMID: 30671079 PMCID: PMC6331454 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Accepted: 12/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Global warming is expected to strengthen herbivore-plant interactions leading to enhanced top-down control of plants. However, latitudinal gradients in plant quality as food for herbivores suggest lower palatability at higher temperatures, but the underlying mechanisms are still unclear. If plant palatability would decline with temperature rise, then this may question the expectation that warming leads to enhanced top-down control. Therefore, experiments that directly test plant palatability and the traits underlying palatability along a temperature gradient are needed. Here we experimentally tested the impact of temperature on aquatic plant growth, plant chemical traits (including stoichiometry) and plant palatability. We cultured three aquatic plant species at three temperatures (15, 20, and 25°C), measured growth parameters, determined chemical traits and performed feeding trial assays using the generalist consumer Lymnaea stagnalis (pond snail). We found that rising temperature significantly increased the growth of all three aquatic plants. Plant nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) content significantly decreased, and carbon (C):N and C:P stoichiometry increased as temperature increased, for both Potamogeton lucens and Vallisneria spiralis, but not for Elodea nuttallii. By performing the palatability test, we found that rising temperatures significantly decreased plant palatability in P. lucens, which could be explained by changes in the underlying chemical plant traits. In contrast, the palatability of E. nuttallii and V. spiralis was not affected by temperature. Overall, P. lucens and V. spiralis were always more palatable than E. nuttallii. We conclude that warming generally stimulates aquatic plant growth, whereas the effects on chemical plant traits and plant palatability are species-specific. These results suggest that the outcome of the impact of temperature rise on macrophyte stoichiometry and palatability from single-species studies may not be broadly applicable. In contrast, the plant species tested consistently differed in palatability, regardless of temperature, suggesting that palatability may be more strongly linked to species identity than to intraspecific variation in plant stoichiometry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peiyu Zhang
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, Netherlands
- *Correspondence: Peiyu Zhang
| | - Bart M. C. Grutters
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Casper H. A. van Leeuwen
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Jun Xu
- Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, China
| | - Antonella Petruzzella
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Reinier F. van den Berg
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, Netherlands
| | - Elisabeth S. Bakker
- Department of Aquatic Ecology, Netherlands Institute of Ecology (NIOO-KNAW), Wageningen, Netherlands
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16
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Bownik A. Harmful algae: Effects of cyanobacterial cyclic peptides on aquatic invertebrates-a short review. Toxicon 2016; 124:S0041-0101(16)30319-1. [PMID: 27984061 DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2016.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2016] [Revised: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 10/27/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Cyanotoxins are secondary metabolites produced by cyanobacteria. Cyclic peptides, microcystins and nodularin commonly detected in water reservoirs of different parts of the world may induce various detrimental effects in a wide range of organisms from bacteria to humans. This paper presents the current state of knowledge on the effects of microcystins and nodularin on aquatic invertebrates: zooplankton, decapods and mollusks. Accumulation of microcystins and nodularin in these organisms and possible transfer of the cyanotoxins through the food web and possible threat to humans as consumers are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adam Bownik
- Department of Biological Basis of Animal Production, University of Life Sciences, Akademicka 13 Str., 20-950 Lublin, Poland.
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17
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Lance E, Desprat J, Holbech BF, Gérard C, Bormans M, Lawton LA, Edwards C, Wiegand C. Accumulation and detoxication responses of the gastropod Lymnaea stagnalis to single and combined exposures to natural (cyanobacteria) and anthropogenic (the herbicide RoundUp(®) Flash) stressors. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 177:116-24. [PMID: 27267390 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2016.05.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2015] [Revised: 05/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/22/2016] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Freshwater gastropods are increasingly exposed to multiple stressors in the field such as the herbicide glyphosate in Roundup formulations and cyanobacterial blooms either producing or not producing microcystins (MCs), potentially leading to interacting effects. Here, the responses of Lymnaea stagnalis to a 21-day exposure to non-MC or MC-producing (33μgL(-1)) Planktothrix agardhii alone or in combination with the commercial formulation RoundUp(®) Flash at a concentration of 1μgL(-1) glyphosate, followed by 14days of depuration, were studied via i) accumulation of free and bound MCs in tissues, and ii) activities of anti-oxidant (catalase CAT) and biotransformation (glutathione-S-transferase GST) enzymes. During the intoxication, the cyanobacterial exposure induced an early increase of CAT activity, independently of the MC content, probably related to the production of secondary cyanobacterial metabolites. The GST activity was induced by RoundUp(®) Flash alone or in combination with non MC-producing cyanobacteria, but was inhibited by MC-producing cyanobacteria with or without RoundUp(®) Flash. Moreover, MC accumulation in L. stagnalis was 3.2 times increased when snails were concomitantly exposed to MC-producing cyanobacteria with RoundUp(®), suggesting interacting effects of MCs on biotransformation processes. The potent inhibition of detoxication systems by MCs and RoundUp(®) Flash was reversible during the depuration, during which CAT and GST activities were significantly higher in snails previously exposed to MC-producing cyanobacteria with or without RoundUp(®) Flash than in other conditions, probably related to the oxidative stress caused by accumulated MCs remaining in tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Lance
- UMR CNRS 6553 Ecobio, University of Rennes 1, 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc, CS 74205, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France; UMR-I 02 SEBIO, Bat 18, Campus du Moulin de la Housse, BP 1039, 51687 Reims cedex, France.
| | - Julia Desprat
- UMR CNRS 6553 Ecobio, University of Rennes 1, 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc, CS 74205, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France; UMR 5023-LEHNA, Université Lyon 1, Laboratoire d'Ecologie des Hydrosystèmes Naturels et Anthropisés, Bâtiment Darwin C, F-69622 Villeurbanne Cedex France, France
| | - Bente Frost Holbech
- IDEAS Research Institute, School of Pharmacy & Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Riverside East, Garthdee Road, Aberdeen AB10 7GJ, UK
| | - Claudia Gérard
- UMR CNRS 6553 Ecobio, University of Rennes 1, 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc, CS 74205, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Myriam Bormans
- UMR CNRS 6553 Ecobio, University of Rennes 1, 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc, CS 74205, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Linda A Lawton
- IDEAS Research Institute, School of Pharmacy & Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Riverside East, Garthdee Road, Aberdeen AB10 7GJ, UK
| | - Christine Edwards
- IDEAS Research Institute, School of Pharmacy & Life Sciences, Robert Gordon University, Riverside East, Garthdee Road, Aberdeen AB10 7GJ, UK
| | - Claudia Wiegand
- UMR CNRS 6553 Ecobio, University of Rennes 1, 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc, CS 74205, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France; University of Southern Denmark, Institute of Biology, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark
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18
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Xue Q, Steinman AD, Su X, Zhao Y, Xie L. Temporal dynamics of microcystins in Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri, a dominant oligochaete of hypereutrophic Lake Taihu, China. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2016; 213:585-593. [PMID: 27016610 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.03.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2015] [Revised: 03/15/2016] [Accepted: 03/15/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
We examined the bioaccumulation of three microcystin (MC) congeners (MC-LR, MC-RR and MC-YR) in the oligochaete Limnodrilus hoffmeisteri from July 2013 through June 2014 in Lake Taihu, China. Environmental parameters and MCs in sediment, phytoplankton and water column also were examined. L. hoffmeisteri accumulated extremely high MC concentrations during the warmest months, with a maximum value of 11.99 μg/g (MC-LR: 1.76 μg/g, MC-RR: 2.51 μg/g, and MC-YR: 7.73 μg/g). Total MC concentrations in L. hoffmeisteri declined after October (2013) and began to increase in May (2014). Between July and October, MC-YR concentration was higher than MC-LR and MC-RR. MC concentrations in L. hoffmeisteri were positively correlated with pH, water temperature, conductivity, chlorophyll a, nitrite and the biomass of Microcystis, and negatively correlated with dissolved oxygen (DO), nitrate, total nitrogen (TN), dissolved total inorganic carbon and the biomass of Bacillariophyta. In addition, MCs in phytoplankton were more strongly correlated with MCs in L. hoffmeisteri than in the water column or sediment. Our results demonstrated that L. hoffmeisteri could accumulate high MC concentrations in the bloom season, which might transfer to the edible zoobenthos and fish through trophic transfer, thereby posing a significant health threat to humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingju Xue
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Alan D Steinman
- Annis Water Resources Institute, Grand Valley State University, 740 West Shoreline Drive, Muskegon, MI 49441, USA
| | - Xiaomei Su
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China; College of Resources and Environment, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China
| | - Yanyan Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China
| | - Liqiang Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Lake Science and Environment, Nanjing Institute of Geography and Limnology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 73 East Beijing Road, Nanjing 210008, China.
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Alonzo F, Hertel-Aas T, Real A, Lance E, Garcia-Sanchez L, Bradshaw C, Vives I Batlle J, Oughton DH, Garnier-Laplace J. Population modelling to compare chronic external radiotoxicity between individual and population endpoints in four taxonomic groups. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RADIOACTIVITY 2016; 152:46-59. [PMID: 26630040 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvrad.2015.11.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/04/2015] [Revised: 11/05/2015] [Accepted: 11/05/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
In this study, we modelled population responses to chronic external gamma radiation in 12 laboratory species (including aquatic and soil invertebrates, fish and terrestrial mammals). Our aim was to compare radiosensitivity between individual and population endpoints and to examine how internationally proposed benchmarks for environmental radioprotection protected species against various risks at the population level. To do so, we used population matrix models, combining life history and chronic radiotoxicity data (derived from laboratory experiments and described in the literature and the FREDERICA database) to simulate changes in population endpoints (net reproductive rate R0, asymptotic population growth rate λ, equilibrium population size Neq) for a range of dose rates. Elasticity analyses of models showed that population responses differed depending on the affected individual endpoint (juvenile or adult survival, delay in maturity or reduction in fecundity), the considered population endpoint (R0, λ or Neq) and the life history of the studied species. Among population endpoints, net reproductive rate R0 showed the lowest EDR10 (effective dose rate inducing 10% effect) in all species, with values ranging from 26 μGy h(-1) in the mouse Mus musculus to 38,000 μGy h(-1) in the fish Oryzias latipes. For several species, EDR10 for population endpoints were lower than the lowest EDR10 for individual endpoints. Various population level risks, differing in severity for the population, were investigated. Population extinction (predicted when radiation effects caused population growth rate λ to decrease below 1, indicating that no population growth in the long term) was predicted for dose rates ranging from 2700 μGy h(-1) in fish to 12,000 μGy h(-1) in soil invertebrates. A milder risk, that population growth rate λ will be reduced by 10% of the reduction causing extinction, was predicted for dose rates ranging from 24 μGy h(-1) in mammals to 1800 μGy h(-1) in soil invertebrates. These predictions suggested that proposed reference benchmarks from the literature for different taxonomic groups protected all simulated species against population extinction. A generic reference benchmark of 10 μGy h(-1) protected all simulated species against 10% of the effect causing population extinction. Finally, a risk of pseudo-extinction was predicted from 2.0 μGy h(-1) in mammals to 970 μGy h(-1) in soil invertebrates, representing a slight but statistically significant population decline, the importance of which remains to be evaluated in natural settings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Frédéric Alonzo
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PRP-ENV/SERIS/LECO, PRP-ENV/SERIS/L2BT, PRP-ENV/SERIS, Cadarache, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, 13115, France.
| | - Turid Hertel-Aas
- Department of Plant and Environmental Science, The Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Box 5003, N-1432, Aas, Norway
| | - Almudena Real
- Centro de Investigaciones Energéticas Medio Ambientales y Tecnológicas (CIEMAT), Av. Complutense 40, Madrid, 28040, Spain
| | - Emilie Lance
- UMR-I 02 SEBIO, Bat 18, Campus du Moulin de la Housse, BP 1039, 51687, Reims Cedex, France
| | - Laurent Garcia-Sanchez
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PRP-ENV/SERIS/LECO, PRP-ENV/SERIS/L2BT, PRP-ENV/SERIS, Cadarache, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, 13115, France
| | - Clare Bradshaw
- Department of Ecology, Environment and Plant Sciences, Stockholm University, 10691, Stockholm, Sweden
| | | | - Deborah H Oughton
- Department of Plant and Environmental Science, The Norwegian University of Life Sciences (NMBU), Box 5003, N-1432, Aas, Norway
| | - Jacqueline Garnier-Laplace
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire (IRSN), PRP-ENV/SERIS/LECO, PRP-ENV/SERIS/L2BT, PRP-ENV/SERIS, Cadarache, Saint-Paul-lez-Durance, 13115, France
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Zhang J, Xie Z, Wang Z. Oxidative stress responses and toxin accumulation in the freshwater snail Radix swinhoei (Gastropoda, Pulmonata) exposed to microcystin-LR. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:1353-1361. [PMID: 26362638 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-5366-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2015] [Accepted: 09/03/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Microcystin-LR (MCLR) is one of the most common toxins in eutrophic freshwater ecosystems. The ecotoxicological effects of MCLR in freshwater ecosystems have been widely documented; however, the physiological effects of MCLR on freshwater snails and the underlying toxicity/detoxification mechanisms have not been well investigated. In this laboratory study, antioxidant system responses in the hepatopancreas and the digestive tract of Radix swinhoei, a typical freshwater snail, exposed to 0.01 mg/L to 2 mg/L MCLR were explored. Antioxidant enzymes, particularly superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and peroxidase (POD), in the digestive tracts were effectively generated at 0.2 and 2 mg/L MCLR. However, SOD and CAT activities in the hepatopancreas were activated only at 0.2 mg/L MCLR. Glutathione (GSH) concentrations in the digestive tracts significantly increased at 0.01 to 0.2 mg/L MCLR; by comparison, GSH concentrations in the hepatopancreas remained stable. No oxidative damage (lipid peroxidations) occurred in the digestive tracts and the hepatopancreas when the snail was exposed to ≤0.2 mg/L MCLR. MCLR accumulation in different snail tissues was also examined. MCLR accumulated in different tissues and showed the following pattern: hepatopancreas > gonads > digestive tracts > muscles. Bioaccumulated concentrations in these four tissues increased as MCLR exposure concentrations increased; by contrast, bioaccumulation factors decreased as MCLR exposure concentrations increased. Our results indicated that R. swinhoei is sensitively responsive to MCLR by changing antioxidant system status to cope with the toxicity. Snails may be vectors of MCs that transfer MCs in eutrophic lakes via food chains or food web.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Zhicai Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Zhi Wang
- Key Laboratory for Environment and Disaster Monitoring and Evaluation, Hubei, Institute of Geodesy and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430077, China.
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21
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Gerphagnon M, Macarthur DJ, Latour D, Gachon CMM, Van Ogtrop F, Gleason FH, Sime-Ngando T. Microbial players involved in the decline of filamentous and colonial cyanobacterial blooms with a focus on fungal parasitism. Environ Microbiol 2015; 17:2573-87. [DOI: 10.1111/1462-2920.12860] [Citation(s) in RCA: 81] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/28/2014] [Revised: 03/01/2015] [Accepted: 03/05/2015] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie Gerphagnon
- LMGE; Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement; UMR CNRS 6023; Clermont Université; Université Blaise Pascal; BP 80026 Aubière CEDEX 63171 France
- Culture Collection for Algae and Protozoa; Scottish Marine Institute; Scottish Association for Marine Science; Oban PA37 1QA UK
| | | | - Delphine Latour
- LMGE; Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement; UMR CNRS 6023; Clermont Université; Université Blaise Pascal; BP 80026 Aubière CEDEX 63171 France
| | - Claire M. M. Gachon
- Culture Collection for Algae and Protozoa; Scottish Marine Institute; Scottish Association for Marine Science; Oban PA37 1QA UK
| | - Floris Van Ogtrop
- School of Biological Sciences; University of Sydney; Sydney Australia
| | - Frank H. Gleason
- School of Biological Sciences; University of Sydney; Sydney Australia
| | - Télesphore Sime-Ngando
- LMGE; Laboratoire Microorganismes: Génome et Environnement; UMR CNRS 6023; Clermont Université; Université Blaise Pascal; BP 80026 Aubière CEDEX 63171 France
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22
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Barda I, Kankaanaää H, Purina I, Balode M, Sjövall O, Meriluoto J. Bioaccumulation of hepatotoxins - a considerable risk in the Latvian environment. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2015; 196:313-320. [PMID: 25463728 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2014.10.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2014] [Revised: 10/01/2014] [Accepted: 10/15/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
The Gulf of Riga, river Daugava and several interconnected lakes around the City of Riga, Latvia, form adynamic brackish-freshwater system favouring occurrence of toxic cyanobacteria. We examined bioaccumulation of microcystins and nodularin-R in aquatic organisms in Latvian lakes, the Gulf of Riga and west coast of open Baltic Sea in 2002-2007. The freshwater unionids accumulated toxins efficiently,followed by snails. In contrast, Dreissena polymorpha and most lake fishes (except roach) accumulated much less hepatotoxins. Significant nodularin-R concentrations were detected also in marine clams and flounders. No transfer of nodularin-R and microcystins between lake and brackish water systems took place. Lake mussels can transfer hepatotoxins to higher organisms, and also effectively remove toxins from the water column. Obvious health risks to aquatic organisms and humans are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ieva Barda
- Latvian Institute of Aquatic Ecology, 8 Daugavgrivas Str., LV-1048 Rıga, Latvia.
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23
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Avila-Poveda OH, Torres-Ariño A, Girón-Cruz DA, Cuevas-Aguirre A. Evidence for accumulation of Synechococcus elongatus (Cyanobacteria: Cyanophyceae) in the tissues of the oyster Crassostrea gigas (Mollusca: Bivalvia). Tissue Cell 2014; 46:379-87. [PMID: 25109761 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2014.07.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2013] [Revised: 06/30/2014] [Accepted: 07/15/2014] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria appear to have direct relations with mollusks in several aspects. This is the first time, distinguishing Gram-negative cyanoprokaryotic Synechococcus elongatus as bright yellow-gold autofluorescence by Lillie's and Hiss' staining methods on paraffin-embedded tissues of Crassostrea gigas. Three diets: cyanoprokaryotes, cyanoprokaryotes with microalgae, and only microalgae were evaluated. Cyanoprokaryotes were intact, densely bundled, and immersed in the cytosol of the digestive gland, connective tissue, mantle, and gonad of C. gigas, revealing an accumulation systemic without tissue damage observed by histology. Unexpectedly, cyanoprokaryotes were slightly most accumulated with microalgae diet by each of the tissues of the C. gigas than with any other diets. Cyanoprokaryotes tend to be in mean slightly higher in the digestive gland than in any other tissues respectively for each diet, although these values are closely similar to connective tissue. A possible order of exposure of the oyster tissues to accumulation of cyanoprokaryotes was digestive gland, connective tissue, mantle, and gonad. Thereby, the digestive gland could be the major target tissue for the accumulation. Our observations provide a valuable insight regarding the ability of cyanoprokaryotes to penetrate, spread, and remain inside the oyster tissues, suggesting for S. elongatus: (1) a pre-accumulation in oyster tissues from the natural environment, (2) a phagocytosis and/or endocytosis process rather than ingestion and extracellular digestion, (3) an apparent cellular division in the cytosol of oyster tissues, (4) an apparent inter-tissue movement, and (5) a possible endosymbiosis between C. gigas and S. elongatus. Hereby, it is possible that S. elongatus have a well-developed host-endobiont relationship with oysters, and thereby support future work toward a description of the escape and spreading mechanisms of S. elongatus inside the tissues of mollusks, and put forward questions as why it is there? and are the cells active or inactive?
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Alejandra Torres-Ariño
- Instituto de Industrias, Universidad del Mar (UMAR), Puerto Ángel, Oaxaca C.P. 70902, Mexico; Laboratorio de Biotecnología de Microalgas (LBM), Universidad del Mar (UMAR), Puerto Ángel, Oaxaca C.P. 70902, Mexico.
| | - Diego Ademir Girón-Cruz
- Licenciatura en Biología Marina, Universidad del Mar (UMAR), Puerto Ángel, Oaxaca C.P. 70902, Mexico
| | - Angel Cuevas-Aguirre
- Instituto de Industrias, Universidad del Mar (UMAR), Puerto Ángel, Oaxaca C.P. 70902, Mexico
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Li L, Liang XF, He S, Li G, Wen Z, Cai W, Shen D. Transcriptional responses of mu-, pi- and omega-class glutathione S-transferase genes in the hepatopancreas of Cipangopaludina cahayensis exposed to microcystin-LR. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014. [DOI: 10.1007/s11434-014-0305-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/25/2022]
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Lance E, Petit A, Sanchez W, Paty C, Gérard C, Bormans M. Evidence of trophic transfer of microcystins from the gastropod Lymnaea stagnalis to the fish Gasterosteus aculeatus. HARMFUL ALGAE 2014; 31:9-17. [PMID: 28040116 DOI: 10.1016/j.hal.2013.09.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2011] [Revised: 09/17/2013] [Accepted: 09/17/2013] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
According to our previous results the gastropod Lymnaea stagnalis exposed to MC-producing cyanobacteria accumulates microcystins (MCs) both as free and covalently bound forms in its tissues, therefore representing a potential risk of MC transfer through the food web. This study demonstrates in a laboratory experiment the transfer of free and bound MCs from L. stagnalis intoxicated by MC-producing Planktothrix agardhii ingestion to the fish Gasterosteus aculeatus. Fish were fed during five days with digestive glands of L. stagnalis containing various concentrations of free and bound MCs, then with toxin-free digestive glands during a 5-day depuration period. MC accumulation was measured in gastropod digestive gland and in various fish organs (liver, muscle, kidney, and gills). The impact on fish was evaluated through detoxification enzyme (glutathion-S-transferase, glutathion peroxydase and superoxyde dismutase) activities, hepatic histopathology, and modifications in gill ventilation, feeding and locomotion. G. aculeatus ingestion rate was similar with intoxicated and toxin-free diet. Fish accumulated MCs (up to 3.96±0.14μgg-1DW) in all organs and in decreasing order in liver, muscle, kidney and gills. Hepatic histopathology was moderate. Glutathion peroxydase was activated in gills during intoxication suggesting a slight reactive oxygen species production, but without any impact on gill ventilation. Intoxication via ingestion of MC-intoxicated snails impacted fish locomotion. Intoxicated fish remained significantly less mobile than controls during the intoxication period possibly due to a lower health condition, whereas they showed a greater mobility during the depuration period that might be related to an acute foraging for food. During depuration, MC elimination was total in gills and kidney, but partial in liver and muscle. Our results assess the MC transfer from gastropods to fish and the potential risk induced by bound MCs in the food web.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Lance
- Unité de Recherche Interactions Animal-Environnement, EA 4689, Bat 18, Campus du Moulin de la Housse, BP 1039, 51687 REIMS Cedex 2, France.
| | - Anais Petit
- UMR CNRS 6553, University of Rennes 1, 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc, CS 74205, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Wilfried Sanchez
- National Institute for Industrial Environnement and Risks, Verneuil sur Halatte, France
| | - Christelle Paty
- UMR INRA Bio3P, Université de Rennes 1, 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc, CS 74205, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Claudia Gérard
- UMR CNRS 6553, University of Rennes 1, 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc, CS 74205, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Myriam Bormans
- UMR CNRS 6553, University of Rennes 1, 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc, CS 74205, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
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Pantelić D, Svirčev Z, Simeunović J, Vidović M, Trajković I. Cyanotoxins: characteristics, production and degradation routes in drinking water treatment with reference to the situation in Serbia. CHEMOSPHERE 2013; 91:421-441. [PMID: 23391374 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2012] [Revised: 12/26/2012] [Accepted: 01/02/2013] [Indexed: 06/01/2023]
Abstract
Cyanobacteria are members of phytoplankton of the surface freshwaters. The accelerated eutrophication of freshwaters, especially reservoirs for drinking water, by human activity has increased the occurrence and intensity of cyanobacterial blooms. They are of concern due to their ability to produce taste and odors compounds, a wide range of toxins, which have a hepatotoxic, neurotoxic, cytotoxic and dermatotoxic behavior, being dangerous to animal and human health. Therefore, the removal of cyanobacteria, without cell lysis, and releasing of intracellular metabolites, would significantly reduce the concentration of these metabolites in the finished drinking water, as a specific aim of the water treatment processes. This review summarizes the existing data on characteristics of the cyanotoxins, their productions in environment and effective treatment processes to remove these toxins from drinking water.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dijana Pantelić
- University of Novi Sad, Department of Biology and Ecology, Faculty of Sciences, Trg Dositeja Obradovića 2, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia.
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Gutiérrez-Praena D, Jos Á, Pichardo S, Moreno IM, Cameán AM. Presence and bioaccumulation of microcystins and cylindrospermopsin in food and the effectiveness of some cooking techniques at decreasing their concentrations: a review. Food Chem Toxicol 2012. [PMID: 23200893 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2012.10.062] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Microcystins (MCs) and cylindrospermopsin (CYN) are among the cyanotoxins which occur naturally, produced by different cyanobacteria species when they grow or proliferate under favorable environmental conditions. From a toxicological point of view, their relevance is due to the deleterious effects that they have been reported to induce in a wide range of organisms, including humans. Cyanotoxins intake from contaminated water and food is an important source of human exposure. Various edible aquatic organisms, plants, and food supplements based on algae, can bioaccumulate these toxins. A thorough review of the scientific data available on this topic is provided, the studies on MCs being much more numerous than those focused on CYN. The scientific literature suggests that these cyanotoxins can be accumulated at concentrations higher than their respective recommended tolerable daily intake (TDI). Finally, the influence of different cooking procedures on their levels in food has been considered. In this regard, again studies on the matter dealing with CYN have been not yet raised. MCs contents have been reported to be reduced in muscle of fish after boiling, or cooking in a microwave-oven, although the effect of other traditional cooking processes such as frying, roasting or grilling have not been demonstrated.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel Gutiérrez-Praena
- Nutrición y Bromatología, Toxicología y Medicina Legal Department, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sevilla, C/Profesor García González 2, 41012 Sevilla, Spain
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28
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Suchy P, Berry J. Detection of total microcystin in fish tissues based on lemieux oxidation, and recovery of 2-methyl-3-methoxy-4-phenylbutanoic acid (MMPB) by solid-phase microextraction gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (SPME-GC/MS). INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL ANALYTICAL CHEMISTRY 2012; 92:1443-1456. [PMID: 23264717 PMCID: PMC3526195 DOI: 10.1080/03067319.2011.620703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Microcystins (MCs) are widespread cyanobacterial toxins in freshwater systems, and have been linked to both acute and chronic health effects. A growing number of studies suggest that MC can bioaccumulate in food webs. Although, several methods (i.e. ELISA, LC-MS) have been developed for analysis of MC in water, extraction (for subsequent analysis) of the toxin from biological matrices (i.e. animal tissues) is impeded owing to covalent binding of toxins and active sites of their cellular targets, i.e. protein phosphatases. As an alternative approach, chromatographic methods for analysis of a unique marker, 2-methyl-3-methoxy-4-phenylbutanoic acid (MMPB), the product of the Lemieux oxidation of MCs, have been previously developed, and shown to measure total (bound and unbound) MC. Application, however, has been limited by poor recovery of the analyte. An improved recovery method is proposed - specifically the use of solidphase microextraction (SPME). The MMPB analogue, 4-phenylbutanoic acid (4PB), and oxidized MC, were used to develop methods, and we specifically investigated several SPME fibres, and post-oxidation steps. Specifically, a method employing post-oxidation methyl esterification, followed by headspace SPME recovery of MMPB, was developed, and subsequently applied to analysis of environmental samples (i.e. fish tissues) previously shown to contain MCs. The method shows high linearity for both water and tissues spiked with MC, and an improved limit of quantitation of approximately 140 ng g(-1). Evaluation of field samples by SPME-GC/MS detected considerably higher levels of MC, than detected by conventional methods (i.e. ELISA), and it is proposed that this technique reveals MC (particularly in the bound form) that is not detected by these methods. These results indicate that the developed method provides improved detection capability for MC in biological matrices, and will enhance our ability to understand bioaccumulation in freshwater food webs, as well as monitor exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Suchy
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry (Marine Science Program), Florida International University, 3000 NE 151st Street, North Miami, FL 33181, USA
| | - John Berry
- Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry (Marine Science Program), Florida International University, 3000 NE 151st Street, North Miami, FL 33181, USA
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Quantitative variations of intracellular microcystin-LR, -RR and -YR in samples collected from four locations in Hartbeespoort Dam in North West Province (South Africa) during the 2010/2011 summer season. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2012. [PMID: 23202758 PMCID: PMC3509467 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph9103484] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The Hartbeespoort (HBP) Dam is a reservoir used for agricultural, domestic supply of raw potable water and recreational activities in South Africa’s North-West Province. Eutrophication and cyanobacterial blooms have long been a cause of water-quality problems in this reservoir. The most prevalent bloom-forming species is Microcystis aeruginosa, often producing the toxin microcystin, a hepatotoxin which can negatively impact aquatic animal and human health, and poses a problem for potable water supply. Algal samples were collected monthly from four pre-determined sites in the dam during the summer months (December 2010–March 2011). Intracellular microcystins (MCs) were extracted using SPE C18 cartridges, followed by separation, identification and quantification using LC-ESI-MS techniques. Quantitative variation studies of MCs were conducted with respect to MC congener isolated, sampling site and month. Three main MC congeners (MC-RR, -LR and-YR) were isolated, identified and quantified. In addition, three minor MCs (MC-WR, MC-(H4)YR and (D-Asp3, Dha7)MC-RR were also identified, but were not quantified. The MC dominance followed the order MC-RR>MC-LR>MC-YR across all sites and time. The maximum and minimum concentrations were 268 µg/g and 0.14 µg/g DW for MC-RR and MC-YR, respectively, of the total MCs quantified from this study. One-way ANOVA showed that there were no significant differences between average MC concentrations recorded across months (P = 0.62), there was, however, a marginally-significant difference in concentrations among MC congeners (P = 0.06). ANCOVA revealed a highly significant interaction between sites and MC congeners on MC concentration (P < 0.001).
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Zhang J, Wang Z, Song Z, Xie Z, Li L, Song L. Bioaccumulation of microcystins in two freshwater gastropods from a cyanobacteria-bloom plateau lake, Lake Dianchi. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2012; 164:227-234. [PMID: 22366482 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2012.01.021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2011] [Revised: 01/08/2012] [Accepted: 01/15/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
To investigate the bioaccumulation patterns of microcystins (MCs) in organs of two gastropods, samples were collected in Lake Dianchi monthly from May to October, 2008, when cyanobacteria typically bloom. The average MCs concentrations for Radix swinhoei (pulmonate) and Margarya melanioides (prosobranch) tended to be similar for the different organs: the highest values in the hepatopancreas (9.33 by 3.74 μg/g DW), followed by digestive tracts (1.66 by 3.03 μg/g DW), gonads (0.45 by 1.34 μg/g DW) and muscles (0.22 by 0.40 μg/g DW). Pulmonate had higher value than prosobranch because of the stronger bioaccumulation ability in hepatopancreas. The levels in organs of R. swinhoei were correlated with environmentally dissolved MCs, but influenced by intracellular MCs for M. melanioides. The estimated MCs concentrations in edible parts of M. melanioides were beyond the WHO's provisional tolerable daily intake (0.04 μg/kg), suggesting the risk of consumption of M. melanioides from the lake.
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Affiliation(s)
- Junqian Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, Hubei 430072, China
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Papadimitriou T, Kagalou I, Stalikas C, Pilidis G, Leonardos ID. Assessment of microcystin distribution and biomagnification in tissues of aquatic food web compartments from a shallow lake and evaluation of potential risks to public health. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2012; 21:1155-1166. [PMID: 22383140 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-012-0870-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/09/2012] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
The objectives of this study were: (1) to examine the distribution and bioaccumulation of microcystins in the main components of the food web (phytoplankton, zooplankton, crayfish, shrimp, mussel, snail, fish, frog) of Lake Pamvotis (NW Greece), (2) to investigate the possibility of microcystin biomagnification and (3) to evaluate the potential threat of the contaminated aquatic organisms to human health. Significant microcystin concentrations were detected in all the aquatic organisms during two different periods, with the higher concentrations observed in phytoplankton and the lower in fish species and frogs. This is the first study reporting microcystin accumulation in the body of the freshwater shrimp Atyaephyra desmsaresti, in the brain of the fish species common carp (Cyprinus carpio) and in the skin of the frog Rana epirotica. Although there was no evidence for microcystin biomagnification, the fact that microcystins were found in lake water and in the tissues of aquatic organisms, suggests that serious risks to animal and public health are possible to occur. In addition, it is likely to be unsafe to consume aquatic species harvested in Lake Pamvotis due to the high-concentrations of accumulated microcystins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodoti Papadimitriou
- Biological Applications and Technology Department, University of Ioannina, Ioannina, Greece
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32
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Martins JC, Machado J, Martins A, Azevedo J, OlivaTeles L, Vasconcelos V. Dynamics of protein phosphatase gene expression in Corbicula fluminea exposed to microcystin-LR and to toxic Microcystis aeruginosa cells. Int J Mol Sci 2011; 12:9172-88. [PMID: 22272126 PMCID: PMC3257123 DOI: 10.3390/ijms12129172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2011] [Revised: 11/21/2011] [Accepted: 11/30/2011] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the in vivo effects of microcystins on gene expression of several phosphoprotein phosphatases (PPP) in the freshwater clam Corbicula fluminea with two different exposure scenarios. Clams were exposed for 96 h to 5 μg L−1 of dissolved microcystin-LR and the relative changes of gene expression of three different types of PPP (PPP1, 2 and 4) were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR. The results showed a significant induction of PPP2 gene expression in the visceral mass. In contrast, the cyanotoxin did not cause any significant changes on PPP1 and PPP4 gene expression. Based on these results, we studied alterations in transcriptional patterns in parallel with enzymatic activity of C. fluminea for PPP2, induced by a Microcystis aeruginosa toxic strain (1 × 105 cells cm−3) during 96 h. The relative changes of gene expression and enzyme activity in visceral mass were analyzed by quantitative real-time PCR and colorimetric assays respectively. The clams exhibited a significant reduction of PPP2 activity with a concomitant enhancement of gene expression. Considering all the results we can conclude that the exposure to an ecologically relevant concentration of pure or intracellular microcystins (-LR) promoted an in vivo effect on PPP2 gene expression in C. fluminea.
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Affiliation(s)
- José Carlos Martins
- CIIMAR/CIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal; E-Mails: (J.C.M.); (J.M.); (A.M.); (J.A.) (L.O.T.)
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4069-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - João Machado
- CIIMAR/CIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal; E-Mails: (J.C.M.); (J.M.); (A.M.); (J.A.) (L.O.T.)
| | - António Martins
- CIIMAR/CIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal; E-Mails: (J.C.M.); (J.M.); (A.M.); (J.A.) (L.O.T.)
| | - Joana Azevedo
- CIIMAR/CIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal; E-Mails: (J.C.M.); (J.M.); (A.M.); (J.A.) (L.O.T.)
| | - Luís OlivaTeles
- CIIMAR/CIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal; E-Mails: (J.C.M.); (J.M.); (A.M.); (J.A.) (L.O.T.)
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4069-007 Porto, Portugal
| | - Vitor Vasconcelos
- CIIMAR/CIMAR, Interdisciplinary Centre of Marine and Environmental Research, University of Porto, Rua dos Bragas 289, 4050-123 Porto, Portugal; E-Mails: (J.C.M.); (J.M.); (A.M.); (J.A.) (L.O.T.)
- Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Porto, Rua do Campo Alegre, 4069-007 Porto, Portugal
- Author to whom correspondence should be addressed; E-Mail: ; Tel.: +351-223401814; Fax: +351-223390608
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Zhu J, Lu K, Zhang C, Liang J, Hu Z. Biochemical and ultrastructural changes in the hepatopancreas of Bellamya aeruginosa (Gastropoda) fed with toxic cyanobacteria. ScientificWorldJournal 2011; 11:2091-105. [PMID: 22125458 PMCID: PMC3217598 DOI: 10.1100/2011/402326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2011] [Accepted: 09/08/2011] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
This study was conducted to investigate ultrastructural alterations and biochemical responses in the hepatopancreas of the freshwater snail Bellamya aeruginosa after exposure to two treatments: toxic cyanobacterium (Microcystis aeruginosa) and toxic cyanobacterial cells mixed with a non-toxic green alga (Scendesmus quadricauda) for a period of 15 days of intoxication, followed by a 15-day detoxification period. The toxic algal suspension induced a very pronounced increase of the activities of acid phosphatases, alkaline phosphatases and glutathione S-transferases (ACP, ALP and GST) in the liver at the later stage of intoxication. During the depuration, enzymatic activity tended to return to the levels close to those in the control. The activity of GST displayed the most pronounced response among different algal suspensions. Severe cytoplasmic vacuolization, condensation and deformation of nucleus, dilation and myeloid-like in mitochondria, disruption of rough endoplasmic reticulum, proliferation of lysosome, telolysosomes and apoptotic body were observed in the tissues. All cellular organelles began recovery after the snails were transferred to the S. quadricauda. The occurrence of a large amount of activated lysosomes and heterolysosomes and augment in activity of detoxification enzyme GST might be an adaptive mechanism to eliminate or lessen cell damage caused by hepatotoxicity to B. aeruginosa.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinyong Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, College of Life Science and Biotechnology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, China
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Lance E, Alonzo F, Tanguy M, Gérard C, Bormans M. Impact of microcystin-producing cyanobacteria on reproductive success of Lymnaea stagnalis (Gastropoda, Pulmonata) and predicted consequences at the population level. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2011; 20:719-730. [PMID: 21340554 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-011-0613-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 02/09/2011] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
Our previous studies showed that microcystin (MC)-accumulation in the gastropod Lymnaea stagnalis and effects on life-history traits (survival, growth, and fecundity) varied according to age, exposure pathway (MC-producing cyanobacteria or dissolved MC), and presence or not of additional non-toxic food. This study investigated effects of exposure to MC-producing cyanobacteria or to dissolved MC of parent and of parent and egg masses of L. stagnalis on hatching success, duration of embryonic development and neonate survival. Secondly, the potential impact of MC-producing cyanobacterial proliferations (blooms) on L. stagnalis population growth, depending on bloom frequencies and recovery duration of life traits after exposure, was evaluated using a modelling approach. Experimental results showed that embryonic development was shortened in case of parent exposure to toxic cyanobacteria. Parent and eggs exposure to dissolved MC extended embryonic development and reduced hatching percentage, suggesting a permeability of egg masses to MC. Whatever exposure, neonate survival was reduced. Neonates exposed to cyanobacteria accumulated MCs 24 h after hatching, suggesting very early cyanobacteria ingestion. Modelling results showed that L. stagnalis population growth was influenced by the recovery time of life-history traits after exposure. When setting the latest at 6 weeks according to previous experiments, a frequency of one to four blooms per year strongly affected population dynamics and induced up to a 80-weeks delay compared to control in time required for populations to grow from 1 to 1000 individuals. Results are discussed in terms of impact of intoxication pathways on parents, eggs and neonates, and on population dynamics of L. stagnalis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Lance
- UMR CNRS 6553 ECOBIO, Université de Rennes 1, 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc CS 74205, 35042, Rennes, France.
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Lance E, Josso C, Dietrich D, Ernst B, Paty C, Senger F, Bormans M, Gérard C. Histopathology and microcystin distribution in Lymnaea stagnalis (Gastropoda) following toxic cyanobacterial or dissolved microcystin-LR exposure. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2010; 98:211-220. [PMID: 20227118 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2010.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2010] [Revised: 02/11/2010] [Accepted: 02/15/2010] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
The accumulation of hepatotoxic microcystins (MCs) in gastropods has been demonstrated to be higher following grazing of toxic cyanobacteria than from MCs dissolved in ambient water. Previous studies, however, did not adequately consider MCs covalently bound to protein phosphatases, which may represent a considerably part of the MC body burden. Thus, using an immunohistochemical method, we examined and compared the histopathology and organ distribution of covalently bound MCs in Lymnaea stagnalis following a 5-week exposure to (i) dmMC-LR, dmMC-RR, and MC-YR-producing Planktothrix agardhii (5 microg MC-LReqL(-1)) and (ii) dissolved MC-LR (33 and 100 microgL(-1)). A subsequent 3-week depuration investigated potential MC elimination and tissue regeneration. Following both exposures, bound MCs were primarily observed in the digestive gland and tract of L. stagnalis. Snails exposed to toxic cyanobacteria showed severe and widespread necrotic changes in the digestive gland co-occurring with a pronounced cytoplasmic presence of MCs in digestive cells and in the lumen of digestive lobules. Snails exposed to dissolved MC-LR showed moderate and negligible pathological changes of the digestive gland co-occurring with a restrained presence of MCs in the apical membrane of digestive cells and in the lumen of digestive lobules. These results confirm lower uptake of dissolved MC-LR and correspondingly lower cytotoxicity in the digestive gland of L. stagnalis. In contrast, after ingestion of MC-containing cyanobacterial filaments, the most likely longer residual time within the digestive gland and/or the MC variant involved (e.g., MC-YR) allowed for increased MC uptake, consequently a higher MC burden in situ and thus a more pronounced ensuing pathology. While no pathological changes were observed in kidney, foot and the genital gland, MCs were detected in spermatozoids and oocytes of all exposed snails, most likely involving a hemolymph transport from the digestive system to the genital gland. The latter results indicate the potential for adverse impact of MCs on gastropod health and reproduction as well as the possible transfer of MCs to higher trophic levels of the food web.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Lance
- UMR CNRS 6553 ECOBIO, Université de Rennes 1, 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc, CS 74205, 35042 Rennes, France.
| | - Celine Josso
- UMR INRA Bio3P, Université de Rennes 1, 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc, CS 74205, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Daniel Dietrich
- Human & Environmental Toxicology Group, University of Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Bernhard Ernst
- Human & Environmental Toxicology Group, University of Konstanz, D-78457 Konstanz, Germany
| | - Chrystelle Paty
- UMR INRA Bio3P, Université de Rennes 1, 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc, CS 74205, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Fabrice Senger
- UMR CNRS 6026, Université de Rennes 1, 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc, CS 74205, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
| | - Myriam Bormans
- UMR CNRS 6553 ECOBIO, Université de Rennes 1, 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc, CS 74205, 35042 Rennes, France
| | - Claudia Gérard
- UMR CNRS 6553 ECOBIO, Université de Rennes 1, 263 Avenue du Général Leclerc, CS 74205, 35042 Rennes, France
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First evidence of “paralytic shellfish toxins” and cylindrospermopsin in a Mexican freshwater system, Lago Catemaco, and apparent bioaccumulation of the toxins in “tegogolo” snails (Pomacea patula catemacensis). Toxicon 2010; 55:930-8. [DOI: 10.1016/j.toxicon.2009.07.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2009] [Revised: 07/07/2009] [Accepted: 07/21/2009] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Kinnear S. Cylindrospermopsin: a decade of progress on bioaccumulation research. Mar Drugs 2010; 8:542-64. [PMID: 20411114 PMCID: PMC2857366 DOI: 10.3390/md8030542] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2010] [Revised: 03/03/2010] [Accepted: 03/08/2010] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cylindrospermopsin (CYN) is rapidly being recognised as one of the most globally important of the freshwater algal toxins. The ever-expanding distribution of CYN producers into temperate zones is heightening concern that this toxin will represent serious human, as well as environmental, health risks across many countries. Since 1999, a number of studies have demonstrated the ability for CYN to bioaccumulate in freshwater organisms. This paper synthesizes the most current information on CYN accumulation, including notes on the global distribution of CYN producers, and a précis of CYN's ecological and human effects. Studies on the bioaccumulation of CYN are systematically reviewed, together with an analysis of patterns of accumulation. A discussion on the factors influencing bioaccumulation rates and potential is also provided, along with notes on detection, monitoring and risk assessments. Finally, key gaps in the existing research are identified for future study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan Kinnear
- Centre for Environmental Management, CQUniversity Australia, Building 7, Bruce Highway, North Rockhampton, Queensland 4702, Australia.
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Lance E, Neffling MR, Gérard C, Meriluoto J, Bormans M. Accumulation of free and covalently bound microcystins in tissues of Lymnaea stagnalis (Gastropoda) following toxic cyanobacteria or dissolved microcystin-LR exposure. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2010; 158:674-80. [PMID: 19906474 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2009.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2009] [Revised: 09/28/2009] [Accepted: 10/15/2009] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Accumulation of free microcystins (MCs) in freshwater gastropods has been demonstrated but accumulation of MCs covalently bound to tissues has never been considered so far. Here, we follow the accumulation of total (free and bound) MCs in Lymnaea stagnalis exposed to i) dissolved MC-LR (33 and 100 microg L(-1)) and ii) Planktothrix agardhii suspensions producing 5 and 33 microg MC-LR equivalents L(-1) over a 5-week period, and after a 3-week depuration period. Snails exposed to dissolved MC-LR accumulated up to 0.26 microg total MCs g(-1) dry weight (DW), with no detection of bound MCs. Snails exposed to MCs producing P. agardhii accumulated up to 69.9 microg total MCs g(-1) DW, of which from 17.7 to 66.7% were bound. After depuration, up to 15.3 microg g(-1) DW of bound MCs were detected in snails previously exposed to toxic cyanobacteria, representing a potential source of MCs transfer through the food web.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Lance
- UMR CNRS Ecobio 6553, University of Rennes 1, Campus de Beaulieu, 265 Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France.
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Brient L, Lengronne M, Bormans M, Fastner J. First occurrence of cylindrospermopsin in freshwater in France. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY 2009; 24:415-20. [PMID: 18825725 DOI: 10.1002/tox.20439] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Eleven waterbodies in Western France dominated by cyanobacteria of the genera Aphanizomenon and Anabaena were analyzed in September 2006 for microcystins (MC) and cylindrospermopsin (CYN). CYN was detected for the first time in France in four of them in the presence of Aphanizomenon flos-aquae and in the presence of Anabaena planctonica in the other. The intracellular concentrations of CYN measured by LC-MS/MS ranged between 1.55 and 1.95 microg/L. The occurrence of CYN represents an additional health hazard to MC especially because Aphanizomenon flos-aquae is the third most common species in freshwaters in France.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luc Brient
- Université de Rennes - U.M.R., CNRS Ecobio - I.F.R. CAREN, France.
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Gérard C, Poullain V, Lance E, Acou A, Brient L, Carpentier A. Influence of toxic cyanobacteria on community structure and microcystin accumulation of freshwater molluscs. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2009; 157:609-617. [PMID: 18938004 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2008.08.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2008] [Revised: 06/13/2008] [Accepted: 08/18/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Community structure and microcystin accumulation of freshwater molluscs were studied before and after cyanobacterial proliferations, in order to assess the impact of toxic blooms on molluscs and the risk of microcystin transfer in food web. Observed decrease in mollusc abundance and changes in species richness in highly contaminated waters were not significant; however, relative abundances of taxa (prosobranchs, pulmonates, bivalves) were significantly different before and after cyanobacterial bloom. Pulmonates constituted the dominant taxon, and bivalves never occurred after bloom. Microcystin accumulation was significantly higher in molluscs from highly (versus lowly) contaminated waters, in adults (versus juveniles) and in pulmonates (versus prosobranchs and bivalves). Results are discussed according to the ecology of molluscs, their sensitivity and their ability to detoxify.
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Affiliation(s)
- Claudia Gérard
- ECOBIO, Université de Rennes 1, CNRS, Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes, France.
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Zhang D, Xie P, Liu Y, Chen J, Wen Z. Spatial and temporal variations of microcystins in hepatopancreas of a freshwater snail from Lake Taihu. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2009; 72:466-472. [PMID: 18635263 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2008.05.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2007] [Revised: 05/02/2008] [Accepted: 05/10/2008] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
In this paper, spatial and temporal variations of three common microcystins (MC-RR, MC-YR, and MC-LR) in the hepatopancreas of a freshwater snail (Bellamya aeruginosa) were studied monthly in two bays of Lake Taihu. Microcystins (MCs) concentration in hepatopancreas was quantified by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS). The MCs concentrations in hepatopancreas were higher at Site 1 than those at other sites, which was in agreement with the changes of intracellular MCs concentrations in the water column. There was a significant correlation between MCs concentrations in the hepatopancreas and that in the seston, suggesting that spatial variances of MCs concentrations in hepatopancreas among the five sites were due to spatial changes of toxic Microcystis cells in the water column. PCCA indicates that in addition to Microcystis, other factors (e.g., water temperature) also substantially affected the accumulation of MCs in hepatopancreas of the snail.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dawen Zhang
- Donghu Experimental Station of Lake Ecosystems, State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology of China, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Donghu South Road 7, Wuhan 430072, People's Republic of China
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Martins JC, Vasconcelos VM. Microcystin dynamics in aquatic organisms. JOURNAL OF TOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH. PART B, CRITICAL REVIEWS 2009; 12:65-82. [PMID: 19117210 DOI: 10.1080/10937400802545151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Eutrophication of surface water has increased significantly during the past decade, resulting in increased occurrences of toxic blooms. Cyanotoxins have become a global health threat to humans, wild animals, or domestic livestock. Hepatotoxic microcystins (MC) are the predominant cyanotoxins, which accumulate in aquatic organisms and are transferred to higher trophic levels. This is an issue of major concern in aquatic toxicology, as it involves the risk for human exposure through the consumption of contaminated fish and other aquatic organisms. The persistence and detoxification of MC in aquatic organisms are important issues for public health and fishery economics. Bioaccumulation of MC depends on the toxicity of the strains, mode of feeding, and detoxication mechanisms. Although mussels, as sessile filter feeders, seem to be organisms that ingest more MC, other molluscs like gastropods, as well as zooplankton and fish, may also retain average similar levels of toxins. Edible animals such as some species of molluscs, crustaceans, and fish present different risk because toxins accumulate in muscle at low levels. Carnivorous fish seem to accumulate high MC concentrations compared to phytophagous or omnivorous fish. This review summarizes the existing data on the distribution and dynamics of MC in contaminated aquatic organisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- José C Martins
- Departamento de Zoologia e Antropologia, Faculdade de Ciencias, Universidade do Porto, Centro Interdisciplinar de Investigacao Marinha e Ambiental, CIIMAR/CIMAR, Porto, Portugal
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Lance E, Paty C, Bormans M, Brient L, Gérard C. Interactions between cyanobacteria and gastropods II. Impact of toxic Planktothrix agardhii on the life-history traits of Lymnaea stagnalis. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2007; 81:389-96. [PMID: 17292488 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2006.12.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2006] [Revised: 12/19/2006] [Accepted: 12/28/2006] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Hepatotoxins are frequently produced by many cyanobacterial species. Microcystins (MCs) are the most frequent and widely studied hepatotoxins, with potentially hazardous repercussions on aquatic organisms. As a ubiquitous herbivore living in eutrophic freshwaters, the snail Lymnaea stagnalis (Gastropoda: Pulmonata) is particularly exposed to cyanobacteria. The toxic filamentous Planktothrix agardhii is common in temperate lakes and is therefore, a potential food resource for gastropods. In the first part of this study, we demonstrated the ingestion of toxic P. agardhii by L. stagnalis during a 5 weeks exposure, with concomitant accumulation of, on average, 60% of total MCs ingested. After 3 weeks of non-toxic food (lettuce), approximately 90% of MCs were eliminated from tissues. Here, we investigate the impact of toxic P. agardhii consumption on the life-history traits (survival, growth and fecundity), locomotion and the structure of digestive and genital glands of juvenile and adult L. stagnalis. We observed a decrease of growth regardless of age, although this was more marked in juveniles, and a reduction of fecundity in adults. Survival and locomotion were not affected. Reduction of growth and fecundity continued to be observed even after feeding of non-toxic food for 3 weeks. The structure of the digestive gland was altered during the intoxication period but not irreversibly as cells tended to recover a normal status after the 3-week detoxification period. No histopathological changes occurred in the genital gland and oocytes, and spermatozoids were present in the gonadic acini. The density of cyanobacterial suspensions used in this study was comparable to those regularly observed in lakes, particularly in eutrophic waters. These results are discussed in terms of the negative impact of toxic cyanobacteria on natural communities of freshwater gastropods, and potential cascading effects on the equilibrium and functioning of the ecosystem.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilie Lance
- Département d'Ecologie Fonctionnelle, UMR 6553, Université de Rennes I, Campus de Beaulieu, Avenue du Général Leclerc, 35042 Rennes Cedex, France
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