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Wang Z, Chen Z, Wu Y, Mu M, Jiang J, Nie W, Zhao S, Cui G, Yin X. Genome-wide identification and characterization of NAC transcription factor family members in Trifolium pratense and expression analysis under lead stress. BMC Genomics 2024; 25:128. [PMID: 38297198 PMCID: PMC10829316 DOI: 10.1186/s12864-023-09944-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The NAC TF family is widely involved in plant responses to various types of stress. Red clover (Trifolium pratense) is a high-quality legume, and the study of NAC genes in red clover has not been comprehensive. The aim of this study was to analyze the NAC gene family of red clover at the whole-genome level and explore its potential role in the Pb stress response. RESULTS In this study, 72 TpNAC genes were identified from red clover; collinearity analysis showed that there were 5 pairs of large fragment replicators of TpNAC genes, and red clover was found to be closely related to Medicago truncatula. Interestingly, the TpNAC genes have more homologs in Arabidopsis thaliana than in soybean (Glycine max). There are many elements in the TpNAC genes promoters that respond to stress. Gene expression analysis showed that all the TpNAC genes responded to Pb stress. qRT-PCR showed that the expression levels of TpNAC29 and TpNAC42 were significantly decreased after Pb stress. Protein interaction network analysis showed that 21 TpNACs and 23 other genes participated in the interaction. In addition, the TpNAC proteins had three possible 3D structures, and the secondary structure of these proteins were mainly of other types. These results indicated that most TpNAC members were involved in the regulation of Pb stress in red clover. CONCLUSION These results suggest that most TpNAC members are involved in the regulation of Pb stress in red clover. TpNAC members play an important role in the response of red clover to Pb stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zicheng Wang
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Zirui Chen
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Yuchen Wu
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Meiqi Mu
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Jingwen Jiang
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Wanting Nie
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Siwen Zhao
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Guowen Cui
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China
| | - Xiujie Yin
- Department of Grassland Science, College of Animal Science and Technology, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin, 150030, China.
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Chen S, Qiu G. Overexpression of Zostera japonica J protein gene ZjDjB1 in Arabidopsis enhanced the tolerance to lead stress. Mol Biol Rep 2023; 50:5117-5124. [PMID: 37106211 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-023-08470-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Accepted: 04/18/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Among the heavy metal pollution in soil, lead pollution is particularly prominent. The lead in contaminated soil will not only cause damage to plants, animals and microorganisms, but also seriously affect the progress of the entire ecosystem. Under lead stress, the abundance of DnaJ protein in plants will increase. However, little is known about the role of DnaJ in lead stress. METHODS AND RESULTS We used transgenic Arabidopsis that overexpressed DnaJ gene ZjDjB1 of Zostera japonica as material to study the role of DnaJ in the mechanism of lead induced stress response. Under lead stress, the seedlings and adult plants of transgenic ZjDjB1 Arabidopsis have higher tolerance to lead stress than wild type. Under lead stress, the content of NO and O2·- free radicals in transgenic ZjDjB1 Arabidopsis was lower than that of wild type. The negative effect of catalase in transgenic ZjDjB1 Arabidopsis under lead stress was weaker than that of wild type. The expression of ABC transporter of mitochondrion 3 (ATM3; systematic name: ABCB25) in transgenic ZjDjB1 Arabidopsis under lead stress was higher than that in wild type. CONCLUSIONS These results confirmed that ZjDjB1, the DnaJ gene of Z. japonica, was involved in the reaction mechanism to lead pollution, which might improve the tolerance of plants to lead stress by maintaining catalase activity and increasing the expression level of ATM3 under lead stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siting Chen
- Guangxi Key Lab of Mangrove Conservation and Utilization, Guangxi Academy of Marine Sciences (Guangxi Mangrove Research Center), Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Beihai, 536007, Guangxi, China.
| | - Guanglong Qiu
- Guangxi Key Lab of Mangrove Conservation and Utilization, Guangxi Academy of Marine Sciences (Guangxi Mangrove Research Center), Guangxi Academy of Sciences, Beihai, 536007, Guangxi, China.
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Cabañas-Mendoza MDR, Andrade JL, Sauri-Duch E, Hernández-Terrones L, Fuentes G, Santamaría JM. Lead tolerance of Laguncularia racemosa is associated to high proline accumulation and high antioxidant capacities. Biometals 2023:10.1007/s10534-023-00488-8. [PMID: 36658453 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-023-00488-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Mangrove forests are threatened by the continuous discharge of inorganic pollutants and studies show that coasts receive high levels of heavy metals, from which lead (Pb) is one of the most persistent and toxic. In the present study, lead accumulation capacity, as well as its toxicological effects and tolerance mechanisms, such as proline accumulation and increased antioxidant capacity were evaluated in two contrasting mangrove species: Avicennia germinans and Laguncularia racemosa. Six-month-old plants were exposed to different concentrations of lead nitrate (0, 75, 150, and 300 µM) and samples of roots and leaves were taken from all treatments at different times during a 30d exposure period. Both species accumulated Pb in their tissues mainly in the roots, but L. racemosa had a greater capacity to accumulate Pb than A. germinans. Nevertheless, lead exposure caused less leaf chlorosis, lower reduction in the efficiency of photosystem II, lower reduction of daily photosynthetic rates, and lower electrolyte leakage in L. racemosa than in A. germinans. In line with those results, L. racemosa, in response to Pb exposure, accumulated more proline and showed higher antioxidant capacity than A. germinans, in both roots and leaves. Altogether, L. racemosa might be more suitable for restoration purposes, as it is not only capable of accumulating more Pb in its tissues but also shows greater tolerance to the stress caused by lead.
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Affiliation(s)
- María Del Refugio Cabañas-Mendoza
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C., Unidad de Recursos Naturales, Calle 43, 130. Chuburná de Hidalgo, 97205, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - José Luis Andrade
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C., Unidad de Recursos Naturales, Calle 43, 130. Chuburná de Hidalgo, 97205, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Enrique Sauri-Duch
- Departamento de Instrumentación Analítica, Tecnólogico Nacional de México, Avenida Tecnológico Km 4.5 S/N, 97118, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Laura Hernández-Terrones
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas e Ingenierías, Universidad del Caribe, Esquina Fraccionamiento Tabachines, SM78 L1, 77528, Cancún, Quintana Roo, México
| | - Gabriela Fuentes
- , Calle 6a 279a Jardines de Vista Alegre, 97138, Mérida, Yucatán, México
| | - Jorge M Santamaría
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, A.C., Unidad de Biotecnología, Calle 43, 130. Chuburná de Hidalgo, 97205, Mérida, Yucatán, México.
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Copper accumulation in the aquatic fern Salvinia minima causes more severe physiological stress than zinc. Biometals 2022; 35:1043-1057. [PMID: 35913688 DOI: 10.1007/s10534-022-00423-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/17/2022] [Indexed: 11/02/2022]
Abstract
Copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) have a high demand in the industry. However, these ions, at high concentrations, can cause severe damage to both fauna and flora. Phytoremediation has gained international importance because its relatively low cost and it is environmentally friendly. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the capacity of Salvinia minima of accumulating Cu and Zn from aqueous solutions of various external concentrations (20, 40 and 80 µmol L-1 of CuSO4 and ZnSO4, separately). In addition, to estimate the effect of exposure of S. minima plants to those metals, on various physiological parameters (growth potential, maximum quantum efficiency of PSII, electrolyte leakage: as a cell membrane integrity index). S. minima was able of accumulating more Zn than Cu in its tissues, reaching values of 6.96 mg Cu g-1 dry weight (DW) and 19.6 mg Zn g-1 DW when exposed to 80 μM of each metal during 96 h, that were stored mainly at roots. Despite accumulating less Cu in its tissues, Cu had more severe reductions in various physiological parameters than Zn (in maximum quantum efficiency, integrity of cell membranes, and growth). We conclude that this species can be useful in the phytoremediation for copper and zinc in relatively short time, as maximum accumulation occurred within the first 24 h. However, in the long term, the accumulation of such metals is accompanied by a negative impact in the appearance, physiology, and growth of this plant species, which was more severe for copper exposure than for zinc.
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Emiliani J, Oyarce WGL, Salvatierra LM, Novo LAB, Pérez LM. Evaluation of Cadmium Bioaccumulation-Related Physiological Effects in Salvinia biloba: An Insight towards Its Use as Pollutant Bioindicator in Water Reservoirs. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2021; 10:plants10122679. [PMID: 34961150 PMCID: PMC8703266 DOI: 10.3390/plants10122679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/02/2021] [Revised: 11/21/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Free-living macrophytes play an important role in the health of aquatic ecosystems. Therefore, the use of aquatic plants as metal biomonitors may be a suitable tool for the management of freshwater reservoirs. Hence, in this study, we assessed the effects of cadmium (Cd) in Salvinia biloba specimens collected from the Middle Paraná River during a 10-day experiment employing artificially contaminated water (100 μM Cd). S. biloba demonstrated a great ability for Cd bioaccumulation in both the root-like modified fronds (named "roots") and the aerial leaf-like fronds (named "leaves") of the plants. Additionally, Cd toxicity was determined by the quantification of photosynthetic pigments (chlorophylls a and b, and carotenoids), flavonoids, and soluble carbohydrate contents in S. biloba over time (1, 3, 5, 7, and 10 days). In general, deterioration was more pronounced in leaves than in roots, suggesting a greater implication of the former in long-term Cd sequestration in S. biloba. Deleterious effects in the appraised parameters were well correlated with the total amount of Cd accumulated in the leaves, and with the qualitative changes observed in the plants' phenotype during the 10-day metal exposure assay. The flavonoids and carotenoids in leaves were highly affected by low Cd levels followed by root carbohydrates. In contrast, chlorophylls and root flavonoids were the least impacted physiological parameters. Therefore, our results demonstrate that S. biloba displays dissimilar organ-linked physiological responses to counteract Cd phytotoxicity and that these responses are also time-dependent. Though further research is needed, our work suggests that easy-handled physiological data obtained from autochthonous free-floating S. biloba specimens may be used as a valuable tool for metal-polluted water biomonitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Emiliani
- Grupo de Biotecnología de Materiales y Medioambiente (Bio&TecMA), Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Ambiental, Química y Biotecnología Aplicada (INGEBIO-UCA), Facultad de Química e Ingeniería del Rosario, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Av. Pellegrini 3314, Rosario S2002QEO, Santa Fe, Argentina or (J.E.); (L.M.S.)
| | - Wendi G. Llatance Oyarce
- Centro de Análisis Espectrofotométrico, Universidad Nacional de Jaén, Jirón Cuzco 250, Jaén 06801, Peru;
| | - Lucas M. Salvatierra
- Grupo de Biotecnología de Materiales y Medioambiente (Bio&TecMA), Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Ambiental, Química y Biotecnología Aplicada (INGEBIO-UCA), Facultad de Química e Ingeniería del Rosario, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Av. Pellegrini 3314, Rosario S2002QEO, Santa Fe, Argentina or (J.E.); (L.M.S.)
- National Council for Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Ministry of Science, Technology and Productive Innovation, Godoy Cruz 2290, Buenos Aires C1425FQB, Argentina
| | - Luís A. B. Novo
- Scotland’s Rural College, West Mains Road, The King’s Buildings, Edinburgh EH9 3JG, UK
- Correspondence: (L.A.B.N.); (L.M.P.); Tel.: +441-316-519-339 (L.A.B.N.); +549-341-421-130 (L.M.P.)
| | - Leonardo M. Pérez
- Grupo de Biotecnología de Materiales y Medioambiente (Bio&TecMA), Instituto de Investigaciones en Ingeniería Ambiental, Química y Biotecnología Aplicada (INGEBIO-UCA), Facultad de Química e Ingeniería del Rosario, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Av. Pellegrini 3314, Rosario S2002QEO, Santa Fe, Argentina or (J.E.); (L.M.S.)
- National Council for Scientific and Technical Research (CONICET), Ministry of Science, Technology and Productive Innovation, Godoy Cruz 2290, Buenos Aires C1425FQB, Argentina
- Correspondence: (L.A.B.N.); (L.M.P.); Tel.: +441-316-519-339 (L.A.B.N.); +549-341-421-130 (L.M.P.)
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Liao J, Cai X, Yang Y, Chen Q, Gao S, Liu G, Sun L, Luo Z, Lei T, Jiang M. Dynamic study of the lead (Pb) tolerance and accumulation characteristics of new dwarf bamboo in Pb-contaminated soil. CHEMOSPHERE 2021; 282:131089. [PMID: 34119730 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2021.131089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 06/01/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Dwarf bamboo is a woody plant with potential for use in the remediation of Pb-contaminated soil. Due to its clonal growth habit, there are two keys to its application for continuous soil Pb remediation: 1) its ability to form shoots and grow into new bamboo normally under Pb stress and 2) the Pb tolerance and accumulation characteristics of this new bamboo. Here, 5 species of dwarf bamboo were treated with 2 levels of soil Pb stress (0 and 1500 mg kg-1). In the roots of 3 of the species (Sasa argenteostriata, Sasaella glabra, and Indocalamus decorus), Pb tended to be distributed along the cell wall and transported to vacuoles. In the other 2 species (Sasa auricoma and Sasa fortunei), Pb was arranged linearly along the cell wall. Under Pb treatment, the new bamboo of all species showed gradual physiological adaptation to Pb stress. Correlations of the net photosynthetic rate, superoxide dismutase activity, and free proline levels with Pb content in new leaves in November were all higher than those in July, though that of malondialdehyde content decreased, suggesting that new dwarf bamboo exhibits good soil Pb stress tolerance. Sasa argenteostriata and Indocalamus decorus consistently maintained higher antioxidant enzyme activities and free proline levels than the other species under Pb treatment, and the total biomass per pot of the new bamboo decreased the least compared to that in the Pb-free treatment for these two species. Therefore, these bamboo species may be used in the long-term continuous remediation of Pb-contaminated soil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiarong Liao
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
| | - Xinyi Cai
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
| | - Yixiong Yang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
| | - Qibing Chen
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
| | - Suping Gao
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
| | - Guangli Liu
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
| | - Lingxia Sun
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
| | - Zhenghua Luo
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
| | - Ting Lei
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
| | - Mingyan Jiang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
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Das S, Das A, Mazumder PET, Paul R, Das S. Lead phytoremediation potentials of four aquatic macrophytes under hydroponic cultivation. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2021; 23:1279-1288. [PMID: 33678068 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2021.1895714] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is a major toxicological concern of the present day that demands immediate attention. The use of aquatic macrophytes with high Pb tolerance and accumulation may be a very convenient and economically viable solution for remediating Pb. We examined the ability of Salvinia cucullata, Alternanthera sessilis, Lemna minor, and Pistia stratiotes to remove 0.12 mM, 0.24 mM, 0.36 mM, and 0.48 mM Pb for 96-h under hydroponic cultivation system. The plants accumulated variable amounts of Pb: S. cucullata > A. sessilis > P. stratiotes > L. minor, with low mobility of Pb from root to shoot. Lead uptake kinetics were monitored up to 96-h. After 96-h, the uptake efficiency for S. cucullata (98-99%), A. sessilis (79-96%), L. minor (45-79%), and P. stratiotes (40-76%) was noted. For S. cucullata and A. sessilis, an extremely high uptake rate was seen within the initial 24-h of trials, followed by slower uptake till 96-h. P. stratiotes and L. minor worked best at 0.12 mM Pb. Pb-Phytotoxicity became prominent at 0.48 mM exposure with biomass loss and morphological changes. The plants had a quick growth rate, extensive root system, high biomass yield, and the ability to tolerate and accumulate Pb that made them suitable for phytoremediation purposes. NOVELTY STATEMENT: Lead phytoremediation potential of four aquatic macrophytes found in Indian waters was evaluated. These macrophytes, often considered as weeds, could be used for phytoremediation purposes that would turn out to be a sustainable means of the utilization of natural resources in developing countries like India. In this study, not only metal accumulation by plants but also the lead uptake kinetics at several time intervals and valuable growth attributes were estimated to establish the suitability of these plants as probable lead phytoremediators. Two of the plant species, Salvinia cucullata, and Alternanthera sessilis, showed excellent Pb accumulation capacities that had not been reported earlier, to the best of our knowledge. The work is all the more significant as there have been needs for identifying Pb-phytoremediators well suited to native climate and growth conditions that could take up large amounts of metal from the substratum.
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Affiliation(s)
- Suchismita Das
- Aquatic toxicology and Remediation Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, India
| | - Anupam Das
- Aquatic toxicology and Remediation Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, India
| | - Parsha E Tanvir Mazumder
- Aquatic toxicology and Remediation Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, India
| | - Rajashree Paul
- Aquatic toxicology and Remediation Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, India
| | - Swagata Das
- Aquatic toxicology and Remediation Laboratory, Department of Life Science and Bioinformatics, Assam University, Silchar, India
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Hernández-Garnica M, García-García JD, Moreno-Sánchez R, Sánchez-Thomas R. Lead accumulation in photosynthetic Euglena gracilis depends on polyphosphates and calcium. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2021; 272:116007. [PMID: 33246766 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.116007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 11/03/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Worldwide increasing levels of lead in water systems require the search for efficient ecologically friendly strategies to remove it. Hence, lead accumulation by the free-living algae-like Euglena gracilis and its effects on cellular growth, respiration, photosynthesis, chlorophyll, calcium, and levels of thiol- and phosphate-molecules were analyzed. Photosynthetic cells were able to accumulate 4627 mg lead/kgDW after 5 days of culture with 200 μM Pb2+. Nevertheless, exposure to 50, 100 and 200 μM Pb2+ for up to 8 days did not modify growth, viability, chlorophyll content and oxygen consumption/production. Enhanced biosynthesis of thiol molecules and polyphosphates, i.e. the two canonical metal ion chelation mechanisms in E. gracilis, was not induced under such conditions. However, in cells cultured in the absence of phosphate, lead accumulation and polyphosphate content markedly decreased, while culturing in the absence of sulfate did not modify the accumulation of this metal. In turn, the total amount of intracellular calcium slightly increased as the amount of intracellular lead increased, whereas under Ca2+ deficiency lead accumulation doubled. Therefore, the results indicated that E. gracilis is highly resistant to lead through mechanisms mediated by polyphosphates and Ca2+ and can in fact be classified as a lead hyperaccumulator microorganism.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Hernández-Garnica
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", México D.F., 14080, Mexico
| | - J D García-García
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", México D.F., 14080, Mexico
| | - R Moreno-Sánchez
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", México D.F., 14080, Mexico
| | - R Sánchez-Thomas
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Instituto Nacional de Cardiología "Ignacio Chávez", México D.F., 14080, Mexico.
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Lara-Almazán N, Zarazúa-Ortega G, Ávila-Pérez P, Barrera-Díaz CE, Cedillo-Cruz A. Validation and uncertainty estimation of analytical method for quantification of phytochelatins in aquatic plants by UPLC-MS. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2021; 183:112643. [PMID: 33421889 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2020.112643] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 12/21/2020] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Phytochelatins (PCs) are peptides that play an important role in homeostasis and detoxification of heavy metal in plants. Furthermore, they have been proposed as earlier potential biomarkers of aquatic pollution by heavy metals. Nowadays, several researchers have reported on current methods for quantification of glutathione (GSH) and the PCs (phytochelatin 2, phytochelatin 3, phytochelatin 4) quantification in plants. However, no method has reported the uncertainty of the measurement, which helps to improve the accuracy and quality assurance in the PC quantification. In this work, a new methodology using ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS) to measure with high precision and accuracy the PCs in aquatic plants, was validated. Selectivity, linearity, limit of detection, limit of quantification, precision, trueness and uncertainty estimation were examined as parts of the method validation. The described method shows excellent linearity in different ranges for all analytes with coefficients of determination higher than 0.99. The relative standard deviation for intra-day precision was <3% and for inter-day <10%. All LOD and LOQ analytes ranged from 0.02 to 0.08 μg ml-1, and from 0.03 to 0.09 μg ml-1, respectively. The recoveries varied from 61% to 89%. In order to obtain an interval of results with the highest confidence levels, the uncertainty associated with the measurements was evaluated. The calibration curve (>50%) and recovery (19-44%) were the most important contributors to the total uncertainty. The proposed method was applied to quantify GSH and PCs in the aquatic plants Lemna gibba L., Myriophyllum heterophyllum Michx., Arenaria paludicola and Hydrocotyle ranunculoides L. fil., showing statistical differences in the mass fraction of the analytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nancy Lara-Almazán
- Faculty of Chemistry, Autonomous University of the State of Mexico, Toluca, Mexico; National Nuclear Forensic Research Laboratory (LANAFONU), National Institute for Nuclear Research, Ocoyoacac, Mexico
| | - Graciela Zarazúa-Ortega
- National Nuclear Forensic Research Laboratory (LANAFONU), National Institute for Nuclear Research, Ocoyoacac, Mexico.
| | - Pedro Ávila-Pérez
- Division of Graduate Studies, Technological Institute of Toluca, Toluca, Mexico
| | | | - Alberto Cedillo-Cruz
- National Nuclear Forensic Research Laboratory (LANAFONU), National Institute for Nuclear Research, Ocoyoacac, Mexico
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Fatemi H, Esmaiel Pour B, Rizwan M. Isolation and characterization of lead (Pb) resistant microbes and their combined use with silicon nanoparticles improved the growth, photosynthesis and antioxidant capacity of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) under Pb stress. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2020; 266:114982. [PMID: 32650299 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2020.114982] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2020] [Revised: 05/22/2020] [Accepted: 06/04/2020] [Indexed: 05/16/2023]
Abstract
Rapid global industrialization has increased the chances of toxic trace element accumulation in plants and other living things via the food chain. Thus, there is an urgent need to find suitable techniques with the aim to alleviate the stress of toxic trace elements in crops to feed the ever-increasing population with quality food. This research was based on the hypothesis that the growth traits of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) plants can be improved by the combined application of lead (Pb) resistant microbes and silicon nanoparticles (Si-NPs) under Pb stress. Two Pb-resistant strains of the microbes were isolated under different Pb concentrations, and then these strains were characterized for different traits. The strains were inoculated in the Pb-spiked (500 mg/kg) soil, and Si-NPs (1.5 mM) were foliar sprayed at different time (three times, two-week interval). The growth and stress tolerance of the plant were assessed by measuring the morphological traits, chlorophyll contents, proline, electrolyte leakage, and enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant activities of the leaves. Results demonstrated that Pb stress had significant negative impacts on all the traits of the coriander. Si-NPs application or bacterial inoculation reversed the Pb-induced toxicities in plants, which was indicated by the improved growth, photosynthesis, and antioxidant enzyme activities of the plants under Pb stress. The effect of the combined use of Si-NPs and microbes was more pronounced than the treatments alone. It can be concluded that Pb-resistant microorganism and Si-NPs could effectively be used to alleviate Pb stress in coriander.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamideh Fatemi
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran.
| | - Behrooz Esmaiel Pour
- Department of Horticulture, Faculty of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran
| | - Muhammad Rizwan
- Department of Environmental Sciences and Engineering, Government College University, Faisalabad, Pakistan
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11
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Variations in the Phytoremediation Efficiency of Metal-polluted Water with Salvinia biloba: Prospects and Toxicological Impacts. WATER 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/w12061737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
The occurrence of heavy metals in industrial wastewater is unanimously considered a major concern since these pollutants cannot be chemically or biologically degraded and therefore have long residence times. Phytoremediation is one of the most widespread biotechnological applications worldwide, which consists in the use of plants to adsorb or accumulate a broad range of inorganic and organic contaminants from water, air, and soil. To improve the cost-effectiveness and sustainability of phytoremediation-based wastewater treatment systems, it is essential to use plants that are not only efficient in pollutants removal, but also abundant and easily accessible at the target site, requiring no-special culture conditions. In this study, we have evaluated the capacity of naturally-occurring aquatic macrophytes of the genus Salvinia (classified as Salvinia biloba) to phytoremediate water artificially contaminated with cadmium (Cd), copper (Cu), lead (Pb), or zinc (Zn) at equal molar concentrations (50 ± 2 and 100 ± 1 µM), during 48 h. Additionally, photosynthetic and antioxidant pigments (carotenoids, chlorophylls, anthocyanins, and flavonoids), and soluble carbohydrate content was also measured in floating leaves of Salvinia specimens to appraise heavy metals phytotoxicity. Elemental analyses to plant tissue indicate that S. biloba was able to bioconcentrate all four metals analyzed, albeit with different degrees of affinity. In addition, the mechanisms of uptake and detoxification were dissimilar for each ion, resulting in greater removal of Cu and Pb (≥96%, at both concentrations), in comparison to Cd (79 ± 4% and 56 ± 2% for 50 ± 2 and 100 ± 1 µM, respectively) and Zn (77 ± 5% and 70 ± 4% for 50 ± 2 and 100 ± 1 µM, respectively). Accordingly, the assessment of the selected physiological parameters in floating leaves suggests that different response mechanisms are triggered by each metal in S. biloba to counteract the corresponding toxicological stress.
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12
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García-García J, Sánchez-Thomas R, Saavedra E, Fernández-Velasco D, Romero-Romero S, Casanova-Figueroa K, Mendoza-Cózatl D, Moreno-Sánchez R. Mapping the metal-catalytic site of a zinc-activated phytochelatin synthase. ALGAL RES 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.algal.2020.101890] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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13
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Jiang M, Cai X, Liao J, Yang Y, Chen Q, Gao S, Yu X, Luo Z, Lei T, Lv B, Liu S. Different strategies for lead detoxification in dwarf bamboo tissues. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2020; 193:110329. [PMID: 32088553 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2020.110329] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2019] [Revised: 02/07/2020] [Accepted: 02/12/2020] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Dwarf bamboo Sasa argenteostriata (Regel) E.G. Camus is considered as potential plants for metal phytoremediation in previous filed observations. However, the mechanisms of lead (Pb) detoxification has not been described. The objective of this study was to explore the difference strategies or mechanisms of Pb detoxification in plant tissues. In this regard, four Pb treatments with hydroponics including 0 (control), 300, 600, and 900 mg L-1 were conducted to examine subcellular compartmentalization, Pb accumulation/species and antioxidant-assisted chelation. Our findings showed the retention of Pb by the whip-root system is one of its detoxification mechanisms to avoid damage the shoots. In addition, the cell wall retention is the dominant detoxification strategy of whips, new roots, old roots and new/old stems, while vacuolar compartmentalization is for new/old leaves. Interestingly, four low-mobility/-toxicity Pb species (i.e., FNaCl, FHAc, FHCl and FR) are distributed in roots, whips and stems, while two high-mobility/-toxicity Pb species (FE and FW) in leaves. The conversion of Pb to low-toxicity/-migration is a Pb-detoxification strategy in roots, whips and stems but not in leaves. Besides, the new/old roots and leaves can alleviate Pb damage through the synthesis of non-protein thiol, glutathione and phytochelatins. Among these, phytochelatins play a leading role in the detoxification in new/old roots, while glutathione is in new/old leaves. This study provides the first comprehensive evidence regarding the different strategies for Pb detoxification in dwarf bamboo tissues from physiological to cellular level, supporting that this plant could be rehabilitated for phytoremediation in Pb-contaminated media.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyan Jiang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
| | - Xinyi Cai
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
| | - Jiarong Liao
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
| | - Yixiong Yang
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
| | - Qibing Chen
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
| | - Suping Gao
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
| | - Xiaofang Yu
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
| | - Zhenghua Luo
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
| | - Ting Lei
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
| | - Bingyang Lv
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
| | - Shiliang Liu
- College of Landscape Architecture, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan, 611130, China.
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14
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Lead Toxicity: Health Hazards, Influence on Food Chain, and Sustainable Remediation Approaches. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17072179. [PMID: 32218253 PMCID: PMC7177270 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17072179] [Citation(s) in RCA: 246] [Impact Index Per Article: 61.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2020] [Revised: 03/21/2020] [Accepted: 03/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) toxicity has been a subject of interest for environmental scientists due to its toxic effect on plants, animals, and humans. An increase in several Pb related industrial activities and use of Pb containing products such as agrochemicals, oil and paint, mining, etc. can lead to Pb contamination in the environment and thereby, can enter the food chain. Being one of the most toxic heavy metals, Pb ingestion via the food chain has proven to be a potential health hazard for plants and humans. The current review aims to summarize the research updates on Pb toxicity and its effects on plants, soil, and human health. Relevant literature from the past 20 years encompassing comprehensive details on Pb toxicity has been considered with key issues such as i) Pb bioavailability in soil, ii) Pb biomagnification, and iii) Pb- remediation, which has been addressed in detail through physical, chemical, and biological lenses. In the review, among different Pb-remediation approaches, we have highlighted certain advanced approaches such as microbial assisted phytoremediation which could possibly minimize the Pb load from the resources in a sustainable manner and would be a viable option to ensure a safe food production system.
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Amari T, Souid A, Ghabriche R, Porrini M, Lutts S, Sacchi GA, Abdelly C, Ghnaya T. Why Does the Halophyte Mesembryanthemum crystallinum Better Tolerate Ni Toxicity than Brassica juncea: Implication of Antioxidant Defense Systems. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2020; 9:E312. [PMID: 32131526 PMCID: PMC7154810 DOI: 10.3390/plants9030312] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2019] [Revised: 02/11/2020] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
The implication of enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidative systems in response to Ni was evaluated in the halophyte Mesembryanthemum crystallinum in comparison with the metal tolerant glycophyte species Brassica juncea. Seedlings of both species were hydroponically subjected during 21 days to 0, 25, 50, and 100 µM NiCl2. Growth parameters showed that the halophyte M. crystallinum was more tolerant to Ni than B. juncea. Malondialdehyde (MDA) content increased to a higher extent in B. juncea than in M. crystallinum. Antioxidant enzymesactivities were differently affected by Ni in both species. Nickel increased shoot superoxide dismutase (SOD) and ascorbate peroxidase (APX) activities in B. juncea, whereas these activities were reduced in M. crystallinum when exposed to metal stress. The root SOD, APX and guaiacol peroxidase (GPX) activities increased upon Ni treatments for both species. The content of non-enzymatic antioxidative molecules such as glutathione, non-protein thiols and proline increased in Ni-treated plants, except for GSH content in the shoot of B. juncea. Based on the oxidative balance, our findings confirm the higher tolerance of the halophyte M. crystallinum to Ni-induced oxidative stress comparatively to B. juncea. We suggest that M. crystallinum is able to overcome the produced ROS using the non-enzymatic system, while Ni-induced oxidative stress was more acute in B. juncea, leading this species to mainly use the enzymatic system to protect against reactive oxygen species.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taoufik Amari
- Laboratoire des PlantesExtrêmophiles, Centre de Biotechnologie de Borj-Cédria, BP 901, Hammam-lif 2050, Tunisia; (T.A.); (A.S.); (R.G.); (C.A.)
| | - Aymen Souid
- Laboratoire des PlantesExtrêmophiles, Centre de Biotechnologie de Borj-Cédria, BP 901, Hammam-lif 2050, Tunisia; (T.A.); (A.S.); (R.G.); (C.A.)
| | - Rim Ghabriche
- Laboratoire des PlantesExtrêmophiles, Centre de Biotechnologie de Borj-Cédria, BP 901, Hammam-lif 2050, Tunisia; (T.A.); (A.S.); (R.G.); (C.A.)
| | - Mauro Porrini
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, UniversitàdegliStudi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.P.); (G.A.S.)
| | - Stanley Lutts
- Groupe de Recherche enPhysiologieVégétale (GRPV), Earth and Life Institute, Université Catholique de Louvain, 1348 Louvain-la-Neuve, Belgium;
| | - Gian Attilio Sacchi
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, UniversitàdegliStudi di Milano, 20133 Milan, Italy; (M.P.); (G.A.S.)
| | - Chedly Abdelly
- Laboratoire des PlantesExtrêmophiles, Centre de Biotechnologie de Borj-Cédria, BP 901, Hammam-lif 2050, Tunisia; (T.A.); (A.S.); (R.G.); (C.A.)
| | - Tahar Ghnaya
- Laboratoire des PlantesExtrêmophiles, Centre de Biotechnologie de Borj-Cédria, BP 901, Hammam-lif 2050, Tunisia; (T.A.); (A.S.); (R.G.); (C.A.)
- Higher Institute of Arts and Crafts of Tataouine, University of Gabes Erriadh City, Zrig-Gabes 6072, Tunisia
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Dappe V, Dumez S, Bernard F, Hanoune B, Cuny D, Dumat C, Sobanska S. The role of epicuticular waxes on foliar metal transfer and phytotoxicity in edible vegetables: case of Brassica oleracea species exposed to manufactured particles. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 26:20092-20106. [PMID: 30264340 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-018-3210-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/29/2018] [Accepted: 09/12/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
The rapid industrialization and urbanization of intra- and peri-urban areas at the world scale are responsible for the degradation of the quality of edible crops, because of their contamination with airborne pollutants. Their consumption could lead to serious health risks. In this work, we aim to investigate the phytotoxicity induced by foliar transfer of atmospheric particles of industrial/urban origin. Leaves of cabbage plants (Brassica oleracea var. Prover) were contaminated with metal-rich particles (PbSO4 CuO and CdO) of micrometer size. A trichloroacetic acid (TCA) treatment was used to inhibit the synthesis of the epicuticular waxes in order to investigate their protective role against metallic particles toxicity. Besides the location of the particles on/in the leaves by microscopic techniques, photosynthetic activity measurements, genotoxicity assessment, and quantification of the gene expression have been studied for several durations of exposure (5, 10, and 15 days). The results show that the depletion of epicuticular waxes has a limited effect on the particle penetration in the leaf tissues. The stomatal openings appear to be the main pathway of particles entry inside the leaf tissues, as demonstrated by the overexpression of the BolC.CHLI1 gene. The effects of particles on the photosynthetic activity are limited, considering only the photosynthetic Fv/Fm parameter. The genotoxic effects were significant for the contaminated TCA-treated plants, especially after 10 days of exposure. Still, the cabbage plants are able to implement repair mechanisms quickly, and to thwart the physiological effects induced by the particles. Finally, the foliar contamination by metallic particles induces no serious damage to DNA, as observed by monitoring the BolC.OGG1 gene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent Dappe
- Laboratoire de Spectrochimie Infrarouge et Raman, CNRS UMR 8516, Université de Lille, 59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
| | - Sylvain Dumez
- Laboratoire des Sciences Végétales et Fongiques EA4483, Université de Lille, 3 rue du Professeur Laguesse, B.P. 83, Lille, France
| | - Fabien Bernard
- Laboratoire des Sciences Végétales et Fongiques EA4483, Université de Lille, 3 rue du Professeur Laguesse, B.P. 83, Lille, France
| | - Benjamin Hanoune
- Laboratoire de Physico-Chimie des Processus de Combustion et de l'Atmosphère, UMR 8522 CNRS, Université de Lille, 59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France
| | - Damien Cuny
- Laboratoire des Sciences Végétales et Fongiques EA4483, Université de Lille, 3 rue du Professeur Laguesse, B.P. 83, Lille, France
| | - Camille Dumat
- Université de Toulouse INP-ENSAT, Avenue de l'Agrobiopole, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
- Université Toulouse - Le Mirail UTM-CERTOP CNRS UMR, 5044, Toulouse, France
| | - Sophie Sobanska
- Laboratoire de Spectrochimie Infrarouge et Raman, CNRS UMR 8516, Université de Lille, 59655, Villeneuve d'Ascq, France.
- Institut des Sciences Moléculaires UMR CNRS 5255, Université de Bordeaux, 351, Cours de la Libération, 33405, Talence, France.
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17
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Castillo Loría K, Emiliani J, Bergara CD, Herrero MS, Salvatierra LM, Pérez LM. Effect of daily exposure to Pb-contaminated water on Salvinia biloba physiology and phytoremediation performance. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2019; 210:158-166. [PMID: 30856470 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2019.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2018] [Revised: 01/21/2019] [Accepted: 02/26/2019] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) removal from water column was evaluated in batch experiments using naturally occurring Salvinia biloba Raddi (S. biloba) specimens collected from Middle Paraná River and exposed every 24 h to a fresh discharge of water contaminated with 2.65 ± 0.07, 12.62 ± 0.02 or 30.57 ± 0.01 mg L-1 Pb, during 10 consecutive days. S. biloba demonstrated a great ability for metal concentration-dependent Pb removal under these stressful conditions. Additionally, Pb toxicity in plants was assessed by the quantification of physiological parameters in root-like modified fronds (named "roots"), and its aerial leaf-like fronds (named "leaves") of submerged S. biloba. Photosynthetic (carotenoids, chlorophyll a, b, and total) and antioxidant pigments (anthocyanins and flavonoids), soluble carbohydrate content, and membrane stability index of both roots and leaves were affected as the metal concentration increased. In general, root deterioration was more pronounced than that in leaves, suggesting a greater implication of the former organs in Pb removal by S. biloba. All of these deleterious effects were well correlated with qualitative changes observed at plant phenotype during the assay. In conclusion, S. biloba may be considered as a water fern useful in phytoremediation strategies towards management of residual water bodies contaminated with Pb. In addition, these macrophytes could also be valuable for water biomonitoring contributing to improve risk assessments related to metal presence in wastewaters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristel Castillo Loría
- Sede del Atlántico, Universidad de Costa Rica, Turrialba, Cartago, Costa Rica; Grupo de Biotecnología de Materiales y Medioambiente (BioTecMA), Fac. de Química e Ingeniería del Rosario, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Av. Pellegrini 3314 (2000), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Rosario, Argentina
| | - Julia Emiliani
- Grupo de Biotecnología de Materiales y Medioambiente (BioTecMA), Fac. de Química e Ingeniería del Rosario, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Av. Pellegrini 3314 (2000), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Rosario, Argentina
| | - Claudia Daniela Bergara
- Grupo de Biotecnología de Materiales y Medioambiente (BioTecMA), Fac. de Química e Ingeniería del Rosario, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Av. Pellegrini 3314 (2000), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Rosario, Argentina
| | - María Sol Herrero
- Grupo de Biotecnología de Materiales y Medioambiente (BioTecMA), Fac. de Química e Ingeniería del Rosario, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Av. Pellegrini 3314 (2000), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Rosario, Argentina
| | - Lucas Matías Salvatierra
- Grupo de Biotecnología de Materiales y Medioambiente (BioTecMA), Fac. de Química e Ingeniería del Rosario, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Av. Pellegrini 3314 (2000), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Rosario, Argentina; Instituto de Investigaciones Fisicoquímicas Teóricas y Aplicadas (INIFTA), Depto. de Química, Facultad de Ciencias Exactas, Universidad Nacional de La Plata, CONICET, La Plata, Argentina
| | - Leonardo Martín Pérez
- Grupo de Biotecnología de Materiales y Medioambiente (BioTecMA), Fac. de Química e Ingeniería del Rosario, Pontificia Universidad Católica Argentina (UCA), Av. Pellegrini 3314 (2000), Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas (CONICET), Rosario, Argentina.
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18
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Kumar A, Prasad MNV. Plant-lead interactions: Transport, toxicity, tolerance, and detoxification mechanisms. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 166:401-418. [PMID: 30290327 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2018.09.113] [Citation(s) in RCA: 94] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/20/2018] [Revised: 09/18/2018] [Accepted: 09/25/2018] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Natural and human activities introduced an excess level of toxic lead (Pb) to the environment. Pb has no known biological significance and its interactions with plants lead to the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Pb and/or ROS have the potential to cause phytotoxicity by damaging the tissue ultrastructure, cellular components, and biomolecules. These damaging effects may possibly result in the inhibition of normal cellular functioning, physiological reactions, and overall plant performances. ROS play a dual role and act as a signaling molecule in plant defense system. This system encircles enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidative mechanisms. Catalase, superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, and enzymes from the ascorbate-glutathione cycle are the major enzymatic antioxidants, while non-enzymatic antioxidants include phenols, flavonoids, ascorbic acid, and glutathione. Pb removal from contaminated sites using plants depend on the plant's Pb accumulation capacity, Pb-induced phytotoxicity, and tolerance and detoxification mechanisms plants adopted to combat against this phytotoxicity. However, the consolidated information discussing Pb-plant interaction including Pb uptake and its translocation within tissues, Pb-mediated phytotoxic symptoms, antioxidative mechanisms, cellular, and protein metabolisms are rather limited. Thus, we aimed to present a consolidated information and critical discussions focusing on the recent studies related to the Pb-induced toxicity and oxidative stress situations in different plants. The important functions of different antioxidants in plants during Pb stress have been reviewed. Additionally, tolerance responses and detoxification mechanisms in the plant through the regulation of gene expression, and glutathione and protein metabolisms to compete against Pb-induced phytotoxicity are also briefly discussed herein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhay Kumar
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana 500046, India.
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19
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Yu XZ, Ling QL, Li YH, Lin YJ. mRNA Analysis of Genes Encoded with Phytochelatin Synthase (PCS) in Rice Seedlings Exposed to Chromium: The Role of Phytochelatins in Cr Detoxification. BULLETIN OF ENVIRONMENTAL CONTAMINATION AND TOXICOLOGY 2018; 101:257-261. [PMID: 29785647 DOI: 10.1007/s00128-018-2362-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2018] [Accepted: 05/14/2018] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Transcriptional changes of genes encoded with phytochelatins synthase (PCS) was investigated in rice seedlings exposed to potassium chromate Cr(VI) or chromium nitrate Cr(III) using qRT-PCR. Our study demonstrates that both Cr variants initiated different responses of phytochelatin content and PCS activities in rice tissues. Six putative PCS genes were expressed differentially in response to both Cr species. Comparing gene expression between root/shoots, only LOC_Os05g34290.1 and LOC_Os06g01260.1 genes were expressed in similar patterns in Cr(VI) treatment, while none of them were expressed equally in Cr(III) treatments. Inconsistent expression of PCS genes in two Cr variants as well as in rice tissues were most likely related to its individual chemical properties and chemical speciation. Results presented here indicate that the role of phytochelatins in Cr detoxification between two Cr variants in rice was different and six putative PCS genes functioned differently in stimulating PCS activities and regulating phytochelatin formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Zhang Yu
- The Guangxi Key Laboratory of Theory & Technology for Environmental Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, People's Republic of China.
| | - Qin-Long Ling
- The Guangxi Key Laboratory of Theory & Technology for Environmental Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan-Hong Li
- The Guangxi Key Laboratory of Theory & Technology for Environmental Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, People's Republic of China
| | - Yu-Juan Lin
- The Guangxi Key Laboratory of Theory & Technology for Environmental Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science & Engineering, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin, 541004, People's Republic of China
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20
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Leal-Alvarado DA, Estrella-Maldonado H, Sáenz-Carbonell L, Ramírez-Prado JH, Zapata-Pérez O, Santamaría JM. Genes coding for transporters showed a rapid and sharp increase in their expression in response to lead, in the aquatic fern (Salvinia minima Baker). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2018; 147:1056-1064. [PMID: 29976008 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.09.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2017] [Revised: 09/08/2017] [Accepted: 09/16/2017] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Salvinia minima was assessed for its ability to accumulate lead (Pb) by exposing it to concentrations of 40µM Pb(NO3)2 during 24h. At the same time, the expression levels were quantified, of four genes coding for transporters: SmABCC (ABCC-MRP), SmATPase (ATPase-P3A), SmNhaD (Type-Na+/H+) and SmABCG (ABCG-WBC). In the absence of lead, S. minima had very low expression of those genes, when plants were exposed to the metal however, those genes showed a rapid (in just three hours or less) and sharp increase (up to 60 times) in their expression, particularly the SmNhaD (Type-Na+/H+) gene. This sharp increase in expression levels of the genes studied, occurred at the same time that the plant accumulated the highest content of lead in its tissues. The first two genes, are apparently implicated in detoxification and lead accumulation mechanisms, while the other two genes are apparently involved in maintaining cell balance (homeostatic control) and membrane integrity. Our results confirmed that S. minima is efficient for phytoremediation of water bodies contaminated by lead, as it is efficient in accumulating this metal in its tissues (bioconcentration factor; BCF) values greater than 1000, in short times of exposure. More importantly, our data on the expression profiles of four genes coding for transporters, represent a first sight scenario of the molecular basis for understanding the different mechanism of detoxification, apparently present in this aquatic fern.
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Affiliation(s)
- D A Leal-Alvarado
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43 No. 130, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, 97200 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - H Estrella-Maldonado
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43 No. 130, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, 97200 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - L Sáenz-Carbonell
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43 No. 130, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, 97200 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - J H Ramírez-Prado
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43 No. 130, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, 97200 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Omar Zapata-Pérez
- Centro de Investigación y de Estudios Avanzados Unidad Mérida, Km. 6 Antigua Carretera a Progreso Apdo. Postal 73, Cordemex, 97310 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - J M Santamaría
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43 No. 130, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, 97200 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.
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21
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Leal-Alvarado DA, Martínez-Hernández A, Calderón-Vázquez CL, Uh-Ramos D, Fuentes G, Ramírez-Prado JH, Sáenz-Carbonell L, Santamaría JM. Identification of up-regulated genes from the metal-hyperaccumulator aquatic fern Salvinia minima Baker, in response to lead exposure. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2017; 193:86-96. [PMID: 29053962 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2017] [Revised: 10/10/2017] [Accepted: 10/12/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is one of the most serious environmental pollutants. The aquatic fern Salvinia minima Baker is capable to hyper-accumulate Pb in their tissues. However, the molecular mechanisms involved in its Pb accumulation and tolerance capacity are not fully understood. In order to investigate the molecular mechanisms that are activated by S. minima in response to Pb, we constructed a suppression subtractive hybridization library (SSH) in response to an exposure to 40μM of Pb(NO3)2 for 12h. 365 lead-related differentially expressed sequences tags (ESTs) were isolated and sequenced. Among these ESTs, 143 unique cDNA (97 were registered at the GenBank and 46 ESTs were not registered, because they did not meet the GenBank conditions). Those ESTs were identified and classified into 3 groups according to Blast2GO. In terms of metabolic pathways, they were grouped into 29 KEGG pathways. Among the ESTs, we identified some that might be part of the mechanism that this fern may have to deal with this metal, including abiotic-stress-related transcription factors, some that might be involved in tolerance mechanisms such as ROS scavenging, membrane protection, and those of cell homeostasis recovery. To validate the SSH library, 4 genes were randomly selected from the library and analyzed by qRT-PCR. These 4 genes were transcriptionally up-regulated in response to lead in at least one of the two tested tissues (roots and leaves). The present library is one of the few genomics approaches to study the response to metal stress in an aquatic fern, representing novel molecular information and tools to understand the molecular physiology of its Pb tolerance and hyperaccumulation capacity. Further research is required to elucidate the functions of the lead-induced genes that remain classified as unknown, to perhaps reveal novel molecular mechanisms of Pb tolerance and accumulation capacity in aquatic plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Leal-Alvarado
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43 No. 130, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, 97200, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - A Martínez-Hernández
- Colegio de Posgraduados, Campus Campeche, Carretera Haltunchén-Edzná km 17.5, Sihochac, Champotón, Campeche, C. P. 24450, Mexico
| | - C L Calderón-Vázquez
- Instituto Politécnico Nacional-CIIDIR, SINALOA, Boulevard Juan de Dios Bátiz Paredes #250, Colonia San Joachin, Guasave, Sinaloa, Mexico
| | - D Uh-Ramos
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43 No. 130, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, 97200, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - G Fuentes
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43 No. 130, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, 97200, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - J H Ramírez-Prado
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43 No. 130, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, 97200, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - L Sáenz-Carbonell
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43 No. 130, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, 97200, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - J M Santamaría
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43 No. 130, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, 97200, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.
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Zhou C, Huang M, Ren H, Yu J, Wu J, Ma X. Bioaccumulation and detoxification mechanisms for lead uptake identified in Rhus chinensis Mill. seedlings. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2017; 142:59-68. [PMID: 28388478 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2017.03.052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2016] [Revised: 03/30/2017] [Accepted: 03/31/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
A greenhouse experiment was conducted to assay the bioaccumulation and tolerance characteristics of Rhus chinensis Mill. to lead (Pb). The effects of exposing R. chinensis Mill seedlings to increasing Pb concentrations (0, 250, 500, 100mgkg-1) in the soil were assessed by measuring Pb accumulation, subcellular distribution, ultrastructure, photosynthetic characteristics, antioxidative enzyme activity, malondialdehyde content, and phytochelatin content. The majority of Pb taken up by R. chinensis Mill was associated with the cell wall fraction in the roots, where the absorption of Ca increased to maintain cell wall stability, and Pb deposits were found in the intercellular space or in the cell wall structures. In leaves, Pb was primarily stored in the cell wall, while it was compartmentalized into the vacuolar structures in the stem. Pb concentrations adversely affected the morphology of Rhus chinensis Mill cellular substructures. Furthermore, increased Peroxidase (POD) and catalase (CAT) activity was observed in plants grown in Pb-amended soil, and this may have led to reduced ROS to maintain the function of the membrane. Changes in phytochelatin levels (PCs) that were observed in Pb treated plants suggest that PCs formed complexes with Pb in the cytoplasm to reduce Pb2+ toxicity in the metabolically active cellular compartment. This mechanism may allow for the plant to accumulate higher concentrations of toxic Pb and survive for a longer period of time. Our study provides a better understanding of how Rhus chinensis Mill detoxifies Pb.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuifan Zhou
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
| | - Meiying Huang
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Huijun Ren
- Institute of Land Reclamation and Econlogy, China University of Mining and Technology Beijing, 100120, China; Beijing Huayu Engineering Company Limited, China Coal Technology and Engineering Group, Beijing 100120, China
| | - Jiaoda Yu
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Jiamei Wu
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China
| | - Xiangqing Ma
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou 350002, China.
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23
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Phytochelatin 2 accumulates in roots of the seagrass Enhalus acoroides collected from sediment highly contaminated with lead. Biometals 2017; 30:249-260. [DOI: 10.1007/s10534-017-9998-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
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24
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El Hayek E, El Samrani A, Lartiges B, Kazpard V, Aigouy T. Lead bioaccumulation in Opuntia ficus-indica following foliar or root exposure to lead-bearing apatite. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2017; 220:779-787. [PMID: 27816295 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2016.10.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/17/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The contamination of edible leafy vegetables by atmospheric heavy metal-bearing particles is a major issue in environmental toxicology. In this study, the uptake of lead by cladodes of Opuntia ficus-indica (Ofi), traditionally used in Mexican cuisine and in livestock fodder, is investigated after a 4-months exposure of either cladodes or roots to synthetic Pb-fluorapatite particles. Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) for the quantitative analysis of Pb levels, Scanning Electron Microscopy coupled with Energy Dispersive X-Ray Spectroscopy (SEM-EDX) for the examination of the cladode surface and fate of particles, and Micro-X-ray fluorescence (μXRF) measurements for elemental mapping of Pb in cladodes, were used. The results evidence that foliar contamination may be a major pathway for the transfer of Pb within Ofi cladodes. The stomata, areoles, and cuticle of cladode surface, play an obvious role in the retention and the incorporation of lead-bearing apatite, thus revealing the hazard of eating contaminated cladodes. The possibility of using series of successive cladodes for biomonitoring the atmospheric pollution in arid and semi-arid regions is also rapidly discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eliane El Hayek
- University of Toulouse (Paul Sabatier), Laboratoire Geosciences Environment Toulouse (UMR CNRS-UPS 5563 IRD 234), 14 Av. Edouard Belin, 31400 Toulouse, France; Lebanese University, Plateforme de Recherche et d'Analyses en Sciences de l'Environnement, Ecole Doctorale des Sciences et Technologies, Hadath, Lebanon.
| | - Antoine El Samrani
- Lebanese University, Plateforme de Recherche et d'Analyses en Sciences de l'Environnement, Ecole Doctorale des Sciences et Technologies, Hadath, Lebanon
| | - Bruno Lartiges
- University of Toulouse (Paul Sabatier), Laboratoire Geosciences Environment Toulouse (UMR CNRS-UPS 5563 IRD 234), 14 Av. Edouard Belin, 31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Veronique Kazpard
- Lebanese University, Plateforme de Recherche et d'Analyses en Sciences de l'Environnement, Ecole Doctorale des Sciences et Technologies, Hadath, Lebanon
| | - Thierry Aigouy
- University of Toulouse (Paul Sabatier), Laboratoire Geosciences Environment Toulouse (UMR CNRS-UPS 5563 IRD 234), 14 Av. Edouard Belin, 31400 Toulouse, France
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25
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Zhou C, Huang M, Li Y, Luo J, Cai LP. Changes in subcellular distribution and antioxidant compounds involved in Pb accumulation and detoxification in Neyraudia reynaudiana. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2016; 23:21794-21804. [PMID: 27523041 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-016-7362-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
The effects of increasing concentrations of lead (Pb) on Pb accumulation, subcellular distribution, ultrastructure, photosynthetic characteristics, antioxidative enzyme activity, malondialdehyde content, and phytochelatin contents were investigated in Neyraudia reynaudiana seedlings after a 21-day exposure. A Pb analysis at the subcellular level showed that the majority of Pb in the roots was associated with the cell wall fraction, followed by the soluble fraction. In contrast, the majority of the Pb in the leaves was located in the soluble fraction based on transmission electron microscopy and energy dispersive X-ray analyses. Furthermore, high Pb concentrations adversely affected N. reynaudiana cellular structure. The changes in enzyme activity suggested that the antioxidant system plays an important role in eliminating or alleviating Pb toxicity, both in the roots and leaves of N. reynaudiana. Additionally, the phytochelatin contents in the roots and leaves differed significantly between Pb-spiked treatments and control plants. Our results provide strong evidence that cell walls restrict Pb uptake into the protoplasm and establish an important protective barrier. Subsequent vacuolar compartmentalization in leaves could isolate Pb from other substances in the cell and minimize Pb toxicity in other organelles over time. These results also demonstrated that the levels of antioxidant enzymes and phytochelatin in leaves and roots are correlated with Pb toxicity. These detoxification mechanisms promote Pb tolerance in N. reynaudiana.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chuifan Zhou
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Co-innovation center for soil and water conservation in red soil region of the Cross-straits, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Meiying Huang
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Co-innovation center for soil and water conservation in red soil region of the Cross-straits, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Ying Li
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Co-innovation center for soil and water conservation in red soil region of the Cross-straits, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Jiewen Luo
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Co-innovation center for soil and water conservation in red soil region of the Cross-straits, Fuzhou, 350002, China
| | - Li Ping Cai
- College of Forestry, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Co-innovation center for soil and water conservation in red soil region of the Cross-straits, Fuzhou, 350002, China.
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26
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Leal-Alvarado DA, Espadas-Gil F, Sáenz-Carbonell L, Talavera-May C, Santamaría JM. Lead accumulation reduces photosynthesis in the lead hyper-accumulator Salvinia minima Baker by affecting the cell membrane and inducing stomatal closure. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2016; 171:37-47. [PMID: 26742090 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2015] [Revised: 12/14/2015] [Accepted: 12/18/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Salvinia minima Baker accumulates a fair amount of lead in its tissues; however, no studies have investigated the effect of lead on the physiological processes that affect photosynthesis in this species. The objective of the present study was to assess whether the high amounts of lead accumulated by S. minima can affect its photosynthetic apparatus. The physiological changes in the roots and leaves in response to lead accumulation were analyzed. An exposure to 40 μM Pb(NO3)2 for 24 h (first stage) was sufficient to reduce the photosynthetic rate (Pn) by 44%. This reduction in Pn was apparently the result of processes at various levels, including damage to the cell membranes (mainly in roots). Interestingly, although the plants were transferred to fresh medium without lead for an additional 24 h (second stage), Pn not only remained low, but was reduced even further, which was apparently related to stomatal closure, and may have led to reduced CO2 availability. Therefore, it can be concluded that lead exposure first decreases the photosynthetic rate by damaging the root membrane and then induces stomatal closure, resulting in decreased CO2 availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel A Leal-Alvarado
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43 No. 130, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, 97200 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Francisco Espadas-Gil
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43 No. 130, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, 97200 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Luis Sáenz-Carbonell
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43 No. 130, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, 97200 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Carlos Talavera-May
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43 No. 130, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, 97200 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Jorge M Santamaría
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43 No. 130, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, 97200 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.
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27
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Michel-López CY, Espadas y Gil F, Fuentes Ortíz G, Santamaría JM, González-Mendoza D, Ceceña-Duran C, Grimaldo Juarez O. Bioaccumulation and effect of cadmium in the photosynthetic apparatus of Prosopis juliflora. CHEMICAL SPECIATION & BIOAVAILABILITY 2016. [DOI: 10.1080/09542299.2015.1129290] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Daniel González-Mendoza
- Instituto de Ciencias Agrícolas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California (ICA-UABC), León, Mexico
| | - Carlos Ceceña-Duran
- Instituto de Ciencias Agrícolas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California (ICA-UABC), León, Mexico
| | - Onecimo Grimaldo Juarez
- Instituto de Ciencias Agrícolas, Universidad Autónoma de Baja California (ICA-UABC), León, Mexico
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28
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Török A, Gulyás Z, Szalai G, Kocsy G, Majdik C. Phytoremediation capacity of aquatic plants is associated with the degree of phytochelatin polymerization. JOURNAL OF HAZARDOUS MATERIALS 2015; 299:371-8. [PMID: 26143200 DOI: 10.1016/j.jhazmat.2015.06.042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2015] [Revised: 06/12/2015] [Accepted: 06/18/2015] [Indexed: 05/27/2023]
Abstract
Phytochelatins (PCs) play important role in phytoremediation as heavy metal binding peptides. In the present study, the association between heavy metal removal capacity and phytochelatin synthesis was compared through the examination of three aquatic plants: Elodea canadensis, Salvinia natans and Lemna minor. In case of a Cd treatment, or a Cd treatment combined with Cu and Zn, the highest removal capacity was observed in L. minor. At the same time, E. canadensis showed the lowest removal capacity except for Zn. The heavy metal-induced (Cu+Zn+Cd) oxidative stress generated the highest ascorbate level in L. minor. Cd in itself or combined with the other two metals induced a 10-15-fold increase in the amount of ɣ-glutamylcysteine in L. minor while no or smaller changes were observed in the other two species. Correspondingly, the total PC content was 6-8-fold greater in L. minor. In addition, PCs with higher degree of polymerization were only observed in L. minor (PC4, PC6 and PC7) while PC2 and PC3 occurred in E. canadensis and S. natans only. The correlation analysis indicated that the higher phytoremediation capacity of L. minor was associated with the synthesis of PCs and their higher degree of polymerization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anamaria Török
- Department of Technological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania; Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Gulyás
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Gabriella Szalai
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Martonvásár, Hungary
| | - Gábor Kocsy
- Agricultural Institute, Centre for Agricultural Research, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Martonvásár, Hungary.
| | - Cornelia Majdik
- Department of Technological Chemistry, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Babeş-Bolyai University, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
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29
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Serrano N, Díaz-Cruz JM, Ariño C, Esteban M. Recent contributions to the study of phytochelatins with an analytical approach. Trends Analyt Chem 2015. [DOI: 10.1016/j.trac.2015.04.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
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30
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Zhao L, Li T, Yu H, Chen G, Zhang X, Zheng Z, Li J. Changes in chemical forms, subcellular distribution, and thiol compounds involved in Pb accumulation and detoxification in Athyrium wardii (Hook.). ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2015; 22:12676-12688. [PMID: 25913310 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-015-4464-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2014] [Accepted: 03/30/2015] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Athyrium wardii is one of the dominant plant species flourishing on the Pb-Zn mine tailings in Sichuan Province, China. A greenhouse pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the chemical forms, subcellular distribution, and thiol compounds in A. wardii under different Pb treatments. The results showed that plants of the mining ecotype (ME) of A. wardii were more tolerant to Pb than those of the non-mining ecotype (NME) in spite of accumulation of higher Pb concentrations. The Pb concentrations in shoots and roots of the ME were 3.2∼8.6 times and 3.0∼24.6 times higher than those of the NME, respectively. The ME was more efficient in Pb uptake than the NME. Moreover, 27.8∼39.0% of the total Pb in ME was sodium chloride (NaCl) extractable and 38.0∼48.5% was acetic acid (HAc) extractable, whereas only a minority of total Pb was in ethanol and H2O extractable. In subcellular level, 77.4∼88.8% of total Pb was stored in the cell walls of ME and 9.0∼18.9% in soluble fractions. Increasing Pb concentrations enhanced sequestration of Pb into the cell walls and soluble fractions of ME tissues to protect organelles against Pb. Synthesis of non-protein thiols (NP-SH) and phytochelatins (PCs) in roots of ME significantly enhanced in response to Pb stress, and significant increases in glutathione (GSH) were observed in shoots of ME. Higher levels of NP-SH, GSH, and PCs were observed in roots of the ME comparing with NME, especially under high Pb treatments. The results indicated that Pb was localized mainly in cell wall and soluble fraction of ME plants with low biological activity by cell wall deposition and vacuolar compartmentalization, which might be the important adapted Pb detoxification mechanisms of ME.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhao
- College of Resources and Environmental Science, Sichuan Agricultural University, Huimin Road 211#, Chengdu, 611130, Sichuan, People's Republic of China
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31
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Iha DS, Bianchini I. Phytoremediation of Cd, Ni, Pb and Zn by Salvinia minima. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2015; 17:929-935. [PMID: 25848891 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2014.1003793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Most metals disperse easily in environments and can be bioconcentrated in tissues of many organisms causing risks to the health and stability of aquatic ecosystems even at low concentrations. The use of plants to phytoremediation has been evaluated to mitigate the environmental contamination by metals since they have large capacity to adsorb or accumulate these elements. In this study we evaluate Salvinia minima growth and its ability to accumulate metals. The plants were cultivated for about 60 days in different concentrations of Cd, Ni, Pb and Zn (tested alone) in controlled environmental conditions and availability of nutrients. The results indicated that S. minima was able to grow in low concentrations of selected metals (0.03 mg L(-1) Cd, 0.40 mg L(-1) Ni, 1.00 mg L(-1) Pb and 1.00 mg L(-1) Zn) and still able to adsorb or accumulate metals in their tissues when cultivated in higher concentrations of selected metals without necessarily grow. The maximum values of removal metal rates (mg m(2) day(-1)) for each metal (Cd = 0.0045, Ni = 0.0595, Pb = 0.1423 e Zn = 0.4046) are listed. We concluded that S. minima may be used as an additional tool for metals removal from effluent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danilo Sinhei Iha
- a Departamento de Hidrobiologia, UFSCar - Universidade Federal de São Carlos, Brazil-SP
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32
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El-Bakatoushi R, Alframawy AM, Tammam A, Youssef D, El-Sadek L. Molecular and Physiological Mechanisms of Heavy Metal Tolerance in Atriplex halimus. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF PHYTOREMEDIATION 2015; 17:789-800. [PMID: 26061238 DOI: 10.1080/15226514.2014.964844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
A study was carried out to identify the mechanisms underlying stress caused by Cd and Pb accumulation in leaves of Atriplex halimus L. collected from habitats representing different kinds of pollution. Mean concentrations of Cd and Pb in aerial parts exceeded the critical levels in polluted plants as compared to reference plants. There were significant reduction in guiacol peroxidase, ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione content in most of polluted plants. The results showed increase in superoxide dismutase enzyme in all polluted plants. The significant increment in catalase enzyme, glutathione S-transeferase and ascorbic acid content were observed in most of polluted plants. Results of the nine differential expressed bands showed down regulation of NADH dehydrogenase and Sedoheptulose-bisphosphatase in polluted plants. In contrast, there were six regulated genes in highly polluted plants, representing transcription factors, membrane transporters and ROS detoxification. The transcription level of phytochelatin synthase showed a significant increase in all polluted plants, while heavy metal ATPase transporter expression significantly increased in some polluted plants. In conclusion, A. halimus may use two different strategies against Cd and Pb stress, in which the molecular and physiological features affords similar levels of Cd and Pb tolerance through binding, sequestration and the reduction of harmful effect of heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranya El-Bakatoushi
- a Biology and Geology Sciences Department, Faculty of Education, University of Alexandria , Egypt
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López-Orenes A, Martínez-Pérez A, Calderón AA, Ferrer MA. Pb-induced responses in Zygophyllum fabago plants are organ-dependent and modulated by salicylic acid. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2014; 84:57-66. [PMID: 25240264 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2014.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2014] [Accepted: 09/04/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Zygophyllum fabago is a promising species for restoring heavy metal (HM) polluted soils, although the mechanisms involved in HM tolerance in this non-model plant remain largely unknown. This paper analyses the extent to which redox-active compounds and enzymatic antioxidants in roots, stems and leaves are responsible for Pb tolerance in a metallicolous ecotype of Z. fabago and the possible influence of salicylic acid (SA) pretreatment (24 h, 0.5 mM SA) in the response to Pb stress. SA pretreatment reduced both the accumulation of Pb in roots and even more so the concentration of Pb in aerial parts of the plants, although a similar drop in the content of chlorophylls and in the maximum quantum yield of photosystem II was observed in both Pb- and SA-Pb-treated plants. Pb increased the endogenous free SA levels in all organs and this response was enhanced in root tissues upon SA pretreatment. Generally, Pb induced a reduction in catalase, ascorbate peroxidase and glutathione reductase specific activities, whereas dehydroascorbate reductase was increased in all organs of control plants. SA pretreatment enhanced the Pb-induced H2O2 accumulation in roots by up-regulating Fe-superoxide dismutase isoenzymes. Under Pb stress, the GSH redox ratio remained highly reduced in all organs while the ascorbic acid redox ratio dropped in leaf tissues where a rise in lipid peroxidation products and electrolyte leakage was observed. Finally, an organ-dependent accumulation of proline and β-carboline alkaloids was found, suggesting these nitrogen-redox-active compounds could play a role in the adaptation strategies of this species to Pb stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonio López-Orenes
- Department of Agricultural Science and Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII 48, 30203 Cartagena, Spain
| | - Ascensión Martínez-Pérez
- Department of Agricultural Science and Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII 48, 30203 Cartagena, Spain
| | - Antonio A Calderón
- Department of Agricultural Science and Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII 48, 30203 Cartagena, Spain
| | - María A Ferrer
- Department of Agricultural Science and Technology, Universidad Politécnica de Cartagena, Paseo Alfonso XIII 48, 30203 Cartagena, Spain.
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34
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Schmied-Tobies MIH, Arroyo-Abad U, Mattusch J, Reemtsma T. Mass spectrometric detection, identification, and fragmentation of arseno-phytochelatins. JOURNAL OF MASS SPECTROMETRY : JMS 2014; 49:1148-1155. [PMID: 25395130 DOI: 10.1002/jms.3435] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2014] [Revised: 06/10/2014] [Accepted: 07/09/2014] [Indexed: 06/04/2023]
Abstract
Phytochelatins (PC) are cystein-rich oligopeptides in plants for coordination with toxic metals and metalloids via their thiol groups. The composition, structure, and mass spectrometric fragmentation of arseno-PC (As-PC) with PC of different degree of oligomerization (PC2-PC5) in solution were studied using liquid chromatography coupled in parallel to inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry and electrospray ionization quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry. As-PC were detected from As(PC2) to As(PC5) with an increasing number of isomers that differ in the position of thiol groups bound to As. Thermodynamic modeling supported the identification process in case of these isomers. Mass spectrometric fragmentation of the As-PC does not follow the established pattern of peptides but is governed by the formation of series of As-containing annular cations, which coordinate to As via S, N, or O. Structure proposals for 30 As-PC fragment ions in the range m/z 147.92 to m/z 1290.18 are elaborated. Many of these fragment ions are characteristic to several As-PC and may be suited for a screening for As-PC in plant extracts. The mass spectrometric data offer the perspective for a future more sensitive determination of As-PC by means of liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry with multiple reaction monitoring.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria I H Schmied-Tobies
- Department of Analytical Chemistry, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research - UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany
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Xu Z, Ban Y, Li Z, Chen H, Yang R, Tang M. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi play a role in protecting roots of Sophora viciifolia Hance. from Pb damage associated with increased phytochelatin synthase gene expression. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:12671-12683. [PMID: 24958536 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-3209-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2013] [Accepted: 06/16/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the influence of arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi on the expressions of the dominant plant-related genes under heavy metal (HM) stress is important for developing strategies to reclaim polluted sites. In this study, we cloned full-length cDNAs of phytochelatin synthase gene (PCS1) and Actin of Sophora viciifolia Hance., a predominant plant in Qiandongshan lead and zinc mine, by rapid amplification of cDNA ends. Consequently, we studied the response of SvPCS1 to Funneliformis mosseae inoculation under lead stress (0, 50, and 200 μM Pb(NO3)2) at different durations (1, 3, and 7 days) using quantitative reverse-transcription polymerase chain-reaction (qRT-PCR) technique. The Pb concentrations and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters were also measured to assay Pb toxicity to Sophora viciifolia. We found that Pb concentrations in roots increased with increasing Pb application and the durations; the F v /F m , F v /F o , qP, and Y(II) decreased; NPQ rose with increasing Pb concentrations; mycorrhizal symbiosis alleviated the Pb toxicity to plants; and SvPCS1 was constitutively expressed in the roots. It was also found that F. mosseae inoculation could promote the expression of SvPCS1 with the concentration ≤ 200 μM at the exposure time shorter than 7 days.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhouying Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, 712100, Shaanxi, China
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Fuentes II, Espadas-Gil F, Talavera-May C, Fuentes G, Santamaría JM. Capacity of the aquatic fern (Salvinia minima Baker) to accumulate high concentrations of nickel in its tissues, and its effect on plant physiological processes. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 155:142-50. [PMID: 25019564 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2014.06.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2014] [Revised: 06/23/2014] [Accepted: 06/24/2014] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
An experiment was designed to assess the capacity of Salvinia minima Baker to uptake and accumulate nickel in its tissues and to evaluate whether or not this uptake can affect its physiology. Our results suggest that S. minima plants are able to take up high amounts of nickel in its tissues, particularly in roots. In fact, our results support the idea that S. minima might be considered a hyper-accumulator of nickel, as it is able to accumulate 16.3 mg g(-1) (whole plant DW basis). Our results also showed a two-steps uptake pattern of nickel, with a fast uptake of nickel at the first 6 to 12h of being expose to the metal, followed by a slow take up phase until the end of the experiment at 144 h. S. minima thus, may be considered as a fern useful in the phytoremediation of residual water bodies contaminated with this metal. Also from our results, S. minima can tolerate fair concentrations of the metal; however, at concentrations higher than 80 μM Ni (1.5 mg g(-1) internal nickel concentration), its physiological performance can be affected. For instance, the integrity of cell membranes was affected as the metal concentration and exposure time increased. The accumulation of high concentrations of internal nickel did also affect photosynthesis, the efficiency of PSII, and the concentration of photosynthetic pigments, although at a lower extent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ignacio I Fuentes
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43 No. 130, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, 97200 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Francisco Espadas-Gil
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43 No. 130, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, 97200 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Carlos Talavera-May
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43 No. 130, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, 97200 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Gabriela Fuentes
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43 No. 130, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, 97200 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Jorge M Santamaría
- Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Calle 43 No. 130, Col. Chuburná de Hidalgo, 97200 Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.
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Fischer S, Kühnlenz T, Thieme M, Schmidt H, Clemens S. Analysis of plant Pb tolerance at realistic submicromolar concentrations demonstrates the role of phytochelatin synthesis for Pb detoxification. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2014; 48:7552-7559. [PMID: 24869480 DOI: 10.1021/es405234p] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) ranks first among metals with respect to tonnage produced and released into the environment. It is highly toxic and therefore an important pollutant of worldwide concern. Plant Pb uptake, accumulation, and detoxification mobilize Pb into food webs. Still, knowledge about the underlying mechanisms is very limited. This is largely due to serious experimental challenges with respect to Pb availability. In most studies, Pb(II) concentrations in the millimolar range have been used even though the toxicity threshold is in the nanomolar range. We therefore developed a low-phosphate, low-pH assay system that is more realistic with respect to soil solution conditions. In this system the growth of Arabidopsis thaliana seedlings was significantly affected by the addition of only 0.1 μM Pb(NO3)2. Involvement of phytochelatins in the detoxification of Pb(II) could be demonstrated by investigating phytochelatin synthase mutants. They showed a stronger inhibition of root growth and a lack of Pb-activated phytochelatin synthesis. In contrast, other putative Pb hypersensitive mutants were unaffected under these conditions, further supporting the essential role of phytochelatins for Pb detoxification. Our findings demonstrate the need to monitor plant Pb responses at realistic concentrations under controlled conditions and provide a strategy to achieve this.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sina Fischer
- Department of Plant Physiology and ‡Bayreuth Center of Ecology and Environmental Research, University of Bayreuth , Universitätsstrasse 30, 95440 Bayreuth, Germany
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Chen YL, Hong XQ, He H, Luo HW, Qian TT, Li RZ, Jiang H, Yu HQ. Biosorption of Cr (VI) by Typha angustifolia: mechanism and responses to heavy metal stress. BIORESOURCE TECHNOLOGY 2014; 160:89-92. [PMID: 24485750 DOI: 10.1016/j.biortech.2014.01.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2013] [Revised: 01/03/2014] [Accepted: 01/06/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In this study, Typha angustifolia was proven to have an excellent accumulation ability in high concentrations of wastewater solutions having Cr (VI) concentrations up to 30 mg L(-1) for 20 days (74% of removal efficiency). Synchrotron microfocus micro X-ray fluorescence (μ-XRF) mapping showed that the uptaken Cr was mainly enriched in the outer layer of the roots and a small portion of it was uniformly distributed in the fronds. The total proteins, soluble sugars, and malondialdehyde in T. angustifolia increased when the concentration of Cr (VI) increased from 9 to 30 mg L(-1). Transmission electron microscope (TEM) assay showed that no lignifications were observed when Cr was absorbed by T. angustifolia. It was concluded that T. angustifolia can uptake Cr by means of surface layer absorption and transportation, and alleviate stresses associated with the sorption of Cr (VI) by thickening of cell walls or secretion of chemical substances.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ya-Li Chen
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Xiao-Qing Hong
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, PR China
| | - Hui He
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Hong-Wei Luo
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Ting-Ting Qian
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China
| | - Ru-Zhong Li
- School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, PR China
| | - Hong Jiang
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China.
| | - Han-Qing Yu
- Department of Chemistry, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei 230026, PR China; School of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, PR China
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Wójcik M, Tukiendorf A. Accumulation and tolerance of lead in two contrasting ecotypes of Dianthus carthusianorum. PHYTOCHEMISTRY 2014; 100:60-5. [PMID: 24512840 DOI: 10.1016/j.phytochem.2014.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/26/2013] [Revised: 11/26/2013] [Accepted: 01/16/2014] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Dianthus carthusianorum is one of the dominant plant species colonising the Zn-Pb waste deposits in Bolesław, Southern Poland. It differs in terms of morphology and genetics from ecotypes inhabiting non-metal-polluted areas. The response of waste-heap (metallicolous, M) and reference (nonmetallicolous, NM) ecotypes of D. carthusianorum to Pb in hydroponics was investigated and compared in this study. The plants of the M ecotype were more tolerant to Pb than these of the NM ecotype in spite of accumulation of higher concentrations of Pb. In both ecotypes, about 70-78% of Pb was retained in roots. In non Pb-treated plants, a higher glutathione (GSH) level was found in the M ecotype. After the Pb exposure, the GSH level decreased and was similar in both ecotypes. Lead treatment induced synthesis of phytochelatins (PCs) only in the plant roots, with significantly higher concentrations thereof detected in the NM ecotype. Malate and citrate concentrations were higher in the M ecotype; however, they did not change significantly upon any Pb treatment in either ecotype. The results indicated that neither PCs nor organic acids were responsible for the enhanced Pb tolerance of the waste-heap plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Małgorzata Wójcik
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
| | - Anna Tukiendorf
- Department of Plant Physiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Maria Curie-Skłodowska University, Akademicka 19, 20-033 Lublin, Poland.
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Schreck E, Dappe V, Sarret G, Sobanska S, Nowak D, Nowak J, Stefaniak EA, Magnin V, Ranieri V, Dumat C. Foliar or root exposures to smelter particles: consequences for lead compartmentalization and speciation in plant leaves. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2014; 476-477:667-76. [PMID: 24508855 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2013.12.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 64] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2013] [Revised: 12/18/2013] [Accepted: 12/18/2013] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
In urban areas with high fallout of airborne particles, metal uptake by plants mainly occurs by foliar pathways and can strongly impact crop quality. However, there is a lack of knowledge on metal localization and speciation in plants after pollution exposure, especially in the case of foliar uptake. In this study, two contrasting crops, lettuce (Lactuca sativa L.) and rye-grass (Lolium perenne L.), were exposed to Pb-rich particles emitted by a Pb-recycling factory via either atmospheric or soil application. Pb accumulation in plant leaves was observed for both ways of exposure. The mechanisms involved in Pb uptake were investigated using a combination of microscopic and spectroscopic techniques (electron microscopy, laser ablation, Raman microspectroscopy, and X-ray absorption spectroscopy). The results show that Pb localization and speciation are strongly influenced by the type of exposure (root or shoot pathway) and the plant species. Foliar exposure is the main pathway of uptake, involving the highest concentrations in plant tissues. Under atmospheric fallouts, Pb-rich particles were strongly adsorbed on the leaf surface of both plant species. In lettuce, stomata contained Pb-rich particles in their apertures, with some deformations of guard cells. In addition to PbO and PbSO4, chemical forms that were also observed in pristine particles, new species were identified: organic compounds (minimum 20%) and hexagonal platy crystals of PbCO3. In rye-grass, the changes in Pb speciation were even more egregious: Pb-cell wall and Pb-organic acid complexes were the major species observed. For root exposure, identified here as a minor pathway of Pb transfer compared to foliar uptake, another secondary species, pyromorphite, was identified in rye-grass leaves. Finally, combining bulk and spatially resolved spectroscopic techniques permitted both the overall speciation and the minor but possibly highly reactive lead species to be determined in order to better assess the health risks involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Schreck
- Université de Toulouse, INP, UPS, EcoLab (Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement), ENSAT, Avenue de l'Agrobiopole, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France; CNRS, EcoLab, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France; Géosciences Environnement Toulouse (GET), Observatoire Midi Pyrénées, Université de Toulouse, CNRS, IRD, 14 Avenue E. Belin, F-31400 Toulouse, France
| | - Vincent Dappe
- LASIR (UMR CNRS 8516), Université de Lille 1, Bât. C5, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Géraldine Sarret
- ISTerre, UMR 5275, Université Grenoble I, CNRS, F-38041 Grenoble, France
| | - Sophie Sobanska
- LASIR (UMR CNRS 8516), Université de Lille 1, Bât. C5, 59655 Villeneuve d'Ascq Cedex, France
| | - Dorota Nowak
- Department of Chemistry, John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Al. Kraśnicka 102, 20-718 Lublin, Poland
| | - Jakub Nowak
- Department of Chemistry, John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Al. Kraśnicka 102, 20-718 Lublin, Poland
| | - Elżbieta Anna Stefaniak
- Department of Chemistry, John Paul II Catholic University of Lublin, Al. Kraśnicka 102, 20-718 Lublin, Poland
| | - Valérie Magnin
- ISTerre, UMR 5275, Université Grenoble I, CNRS, F-38041 Grenoble, France
| | - Vincent Ranieri
- CEA-INAC, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38054 Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Camille Dumat
- Université de Toulouse, INP, UPS, EcoLab (Laboratoire Ecologie Fonctionnelle et Environnement), ENSAT, Avenue de l'Agrobiopole, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France; CNRS, EcoLab, 31326 Castanet-Tolosan, France.
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Kumar A, Majeti NVP. Proteomic responses to lead-induced oxidative stress in Talinum triangulare Jacq. (Willd.) roots: identification of key biomarkers related to glutathione metabolisms. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 21:8750-64. [PMID: 24705950 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-014-2808-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2013] [Accepted: 03/17/2014] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
In this study, Talinum triangulare Jacq. (Willd.) treated with different lead (Pb) concentrations for 7 days has been investigated to understand the mechanisms of ascorbate-glutathione metabolisms in response to Pb-induced oxidative stress. Proteomic study was performed for control and 1.25 mM Pb-treated plants to examine the root protein dynamics in the presence of Pb. Results of our analysis showed that Pb treatment caused a decrease in non-protein thiols, reduced glutathione (GSH), total ascorbate, total glutathione, GSH/oxidized glutathione (GSSG) ratio, and activities of glutathione reductase and γ-glutamylcysteine synthetase. Conversely, cysteine and GSSG contents and glutathione-S-transferase activity was increased after Pb treatment. Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy confirmed our metabolic and proteomic studies and showed that amino, phenolic, and carboxylic acids as well as alcoholic, amide, and ester-containing biomolecules had key roles in detoxification of Pb/Pb-induced toxic metabolites. Proteomic analysis revealed an increase in relative abundance of 20 major proteins and 3 new proteins (appeared only in 1.25 mM Pb). Abundant proteins during 1.25 mM Pb stress conditions have given a very clear indication about their involvement in root architecture, energy metabolism, reactive oxygen species (ROS) detoxification, cell signaling, primary and secondary metabolisms, and molecular transport systems. Relative accumulation patterns of both common and newly identified proteins are highly correlated with our other morphological, physiological, and biochemical parameters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abhay Kumar
- Department of Plant Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, 500046, India,
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Matache ML, Marin C, Rozylowicz L, Tudorache A. Plants accumulating heavy metals in the Danube River wetlands. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH SCIENCE & ENGINEERING 2013; 11:39. [PMID: 24359799 PMCID: PMC3895774 DOI: 10.1186/2052-336x-11-39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2013] [Accepted: 09/25/2013] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We present herein our results regarding the accumulation of four heavy metals (copper, cadmium, lead, and zinc) in four aquatic species plants (Ceratophyllum demersum, Potamogeton pectinatus, Potamogeton lucens, Potamogeton perfoliatus) collected from the Danube River, South-Western part of Romania and their possible use as indicators of aquatic ecosystems pollution with heavy metals. METHODS Elements concentration from the vegetal material was determined through Inductively Coupled Plasma - Mass Spectrometry. RESULTS The species were chosen based on their previous use as bioindicators in aquatic ecosystems and due to the fact they are one of the most frequent aquatic plant species of the Danube River ecosystems within the Iron Gates Natural Park. Highest amounts are recorded for Ceratophyllum demersum (3.52 μg/g for Cd; 22.71 μg/g for Cu; 20.06 μg/g for Pb; 104.23 μg/g for Zn). Among the Potamogeton species, the highest amounts of heavy metals are recorded in Potamogeton perfoliatus (1.88 μg/g for Cd; 13.14 μg/g for Cu; 13.32 μg/g for Pb; 57.96 μg/g for Zn). The sequence for the bioconcentration factors (BCFs) calculated in order to describe the accumulation of the four metals is Cd >> Zn > Pb > Cu. Increase of the zinc concentration determines an increase of the cadmium concentration (Spearman rho=0.40, p=0.02). CONCLUSIONS Despite the low ambiental levels of heavy metals, the four aquatic plants have the ability to accumulate significant amounts, which make them useful as biological indicators. BCF value for Ceratophyllum demersum indicated this species as a cadmium hyperaccumulator.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marius L Matache
- University of Bucharest, Centre for Environmental Research and Impact Studies, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Constantin Marin
- “Emil Racoviţă” Institute of Speleology of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Laurentiu Rozylowicz
- University of Bucharest, Centre for Environmental Research and Impact Studies, Bucharest, Romania
| | - Alin Tudorache
- “Emil Racoviţă” Institute of Speleology of the Romanian Academy, Bucharest, Romania
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Castro-Longoria E, Trejo-Guillén K, Vilchis-Nestor AR, Avalos-Borja M, Andrade-Canto SB, Leal-Alvarado DA, Santamaría JM. Biosynthesis of lead nanoparticles by the aquatic water fern, Salvinia minima Baker, when exposed to high lead concentration. Colloids Surf B Biointerfaces 2013; 114:277-83. [PMID: 24211828 DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfb.2013.09.050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2013] [Revised: 09/20/2013] [Accepted: 09/26/2013] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Salvinia minima Baker is a small floating aquatic fern that is efficient for the removal and storage of heavy metals such as lead and cadmium. In this study, we report that lead removal by S. minima causes large accumulation of lead inside the cells in the form of nanoparticles (PbNPs). The accumulation pattern of lead was analyzed in both, submerged root-like modified fronds (here named "roots"), and in its aerial leaf-like fronds ("leaves"). Analysis by scanning electron microscopy (SEM), energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and high resolution transmission electron microscopy (HRTEM) confirmed the biosynthesis of PbNPs by the plant. In both, roots and leaves, PbNPs were found to accumulate almost exclusively at the cell wall and closely associated to the cell membrane. Two types of PbNPs shapes were found in cells of both tissues, those associated to the cell wall were quasi-spherical with 17.2±4.2 nm of diameter, while those associated to the cell membrane/cytoplasm were elongated. Elongated particles were 53.7±29.6 nm in length and 11.1±2.4 nm wide. Infrared spectroscopy (IR) results indicate that cellulose, lignin and pectin are the major components that may be acting as the reducing agents for lead ions; these findings strongly suggest the potential use of this fern to further explore the bio-assisted synthesis of heavy metal nanostructures.
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Affiliation(s)
- E Castro-Longoria
- Departamento de Microbiología, Centro de Investigación Científica y de Educación Superior de Ensenada (CICESE), Ensenada, Mexico
| | - K Trejo-Guillén
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal Molecular, Unidad de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - A R Vilchis-Nestor
- Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México (UAEMex), Centro Conjunto de Investigación en Química Sustentable (CCIQS), Toluca, Estado de México, Mexico
| | - M Avalos-Borja
- Centro de Nanociencias y Nanotecnología, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (UNAM), Mexico; División de Materiales Avanzados, Instituto Potosino de Ciencia y Tecnología (IPICYT), SLP, Mexico
| | - S B Andrade-Canto
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal Molecular, Unidad de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - D A Leal-Alvarado
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal Molecular, Unidad de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - J M Santamaría
- Laboratorio de Fisiología Vegetal Molecular, Unidad de Biotecnología, Centro de Investigación Científica de Yucatán, Mérida, Yucatán, Mexico.
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Ali H, Khan E, Sajad MA. Phytoremediation of heavy metals--concepts and applications. CHEMOSPHERE 2013; 91:869-81. [PMID: 23466085 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.01.075] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1348] [Impact Index Per Article: 122.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2012] [Revised: 01/17/2013] [Accepted: 01/24/2013] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
The mobilization of heavy metals by man through extraction from ores and processing for different applications has led to the release of these elements into the environment. Since heavy metals are nonbiodegradable, they accumulate in the environment and subsequently contaminate the food chain. This contamination poses a risk to environmental and human health. Some heavy metals are carcinogenic, mutagenic, teratogenic and endocrine disruptors while others cause neurological and behavioral changes especially in children. Thus remediation of heavy metal pollution deserves due attention. Different physical and chemical methods used for this purpose suffer from serious limitations like high cost, intensive labor, alteration of soil properties and disturbance of soil native microflora. In contrast, phytoremediation is a better solution to the problem. Phytoremediation is the use of plants and associated soil microbes to reduce the concentrations or toxic effects of contaminants in the environments. It is a relatively recent technology and is perceived as cost-effective, efficient, novel, eco-friendly, and solar-driven technology with good public acceptance. Phytoremediation is an area of active current research. New efficient metal hyperaccumulators are being explored for applications in phytoremediation and phytomining. Molecular tools are being used to better understand the mechanisms of metal uptake, translocation, sequestration and tolerance in plants. This review article comprehensively discusses the background, concepts and future trends in phytoremediation of heavy metals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hazrat Ali
- Department of Biotechnology, University of Malakand, Chakdara 18800, Dir Lower, Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan.
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Gupta DK, Huang HG, Corpas FJ. Lead tolerance in plants: strategies for phytoremediation. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE AND POLLUTION RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2013; 20:2150-61. [PMID: 23338995 DOI: 10.1007/s11356-013-1485-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 127] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2012] [Accepted: 01/09/2013] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Lead (Pb) is naturally occurring element whose distribution in the environment occurs because of its extensive use in paints, petrol, explosives, sludge, and industrial wastes. In plants, Pb uptake and translocation occurs, causing toxic effects resulting in decrease of biomass production. Commonly plants may prevent the toxic effect of heavy metals by induction of various celular mechanisms such as adsorption to the cell wall, compartmentation in vacuoles, enhancement of the active efflux, or induction of higher levels of metal chelates like a protein complex (metallothioneins and phytochelatins), organic (citrates), and inorganic (sulphides) complexes. Phyotochelains (PC) are synthesized from glutathione (GSH) and such synthesis is due to transpeptidation of γ-glutamyl cysteinyl dipeptides from GSH by the action of a constitutively present enzyme, PC synthase. Phytochelatin binds to Pb ions leading to sequestration of Pb ions in plants and thus serves as an important component of the detoxification mechanism in plants. At cellular level, Pb induces accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), as a result of imbalanced ROS production and ROS scavenging processes by imposing oxidative stress. ROS include superoxide radical (O2(.-)), hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) and hydroxyl radical ((·)OH), which are necessary for the correct functioning of plants; however, in excess they caused damage to biomolecules, such as membrane lipids, proteins, and nucleic acids among others. To limit the detrimental impact of Pb, efficient strategies like phytoremediation are required. In this review, it will discuss recent advancement and potential application of plants for lead removal from the environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- D K Gupta
- Departamento de Bioquímica, Biología Cellular y Molecular de Plantas, Estación Experimental del Zaidín, CSIC, Prof. Albareda No. 1, Granada 18008, Spain.
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Wang P, Zhang S, Wang C, Lu J. Effects of Pb on the oxidative stress and antioxidant response in a Pb bioaccumulator plant Vallisneria natans. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2012; 78:28-34. [PMID: 22138147 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2011.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2011] [Revised: 10/30/2011] [Accepted: 11/14/2011] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
The effects of Pb on photosynthetic pigments, oxidative stress and antioxidant response were assayed using biochemical and histochemical methods in leaves of Vallisneria natans (Lour.) Hara treated with 0-100 μM Pb(2+) for 0-6d. The Pb content increased with the increase of exposure duration and a highest Pb uptake value (about 9.4 mg Pbg(-1) dry weight) was obtained at 6d. Pb induced the accumulation of H(2)O(2) and O(2)(-). The increase of malondialdehyde content and the decrease of total chlorophyll and carotenoids were detected in V. natans under Pb stress. Activities of NAD(P)H oxidase, guaiacol peroxidase, glutathione reductase and ascorbate peroxidase increased at 75 μM Pb(2+) for 2-6 days, while activities of superoxide dismutase and catalase and the content of ascorbic acid increased within two days in plants exposed to 75 μM Pb(2+) and decreased thereafter. The Pb uptake and accumulation mechanism were discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peifang Wang
- Ministry of Education, Key Laboratory of Integrated Regulation and Resource Development on Shallow Lakes, College of Environment, Hohai University, Nanjing 210098, China
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Rossato LV, Nicoloso FT, Farias JG, Cargnelluti D, Tabaldi LA, Antes FG, Dressler VL, Morsch VM, Schetinger MRC. Effects of lead on the growth, lead accumulation and physiological responses of Pluchea sagittalis. ECOTOXICOLOGY (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2012; 21:111-123. [PMID: 21858511 DOI: 10.1007/s10646-011-0771-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/12/2011] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
This work aimed to study the process of stress adaptation in root and leaves of different developmental stages (apex, middle and basal regions) of Pluchea sagittalis (Lam.) Cabrera plants grown under exposure to five Pb levels (0, 200, 400, 600 and 1000 μM) for 30 days. Pb concentration and content in roots, stems, and leaves of different developmental stages increased with external Pb level. Consumption of nutrient solution, transpiration ratio, leaf fresh weight, leaf area, and shoot length decreased upon addition of Pb treatments. However, dry weight of shoot parts and roots did not decrease upon addition of Pb treatments. Based on index of tolerance, the roots were much more tolerant to Pb than shoots. δ-aminolevulinic acid dehydratase activity was decreased by Pb treatments, whereas carotenoid and chlorophyll concentrations were not affected. Lipid peroxidation and hydrogen peroxide concentration both in roots and leaves increased with increasing Pb levels. Pb treatments increased ascorbate peroxidase activity in all plant parts, while superoxide dismutase activity increased in leaves and did not change in roots. Catalase activity in leaves from the apex shoot was not affected by Pb, but in other plant parts it was increased. Pb toxicity caused increase in non-protein thiol groups concentration in shoot parts, whereas no significant difference was observed in roots. Both root and shoot ascorbic acid concentration increased with increasing Pb level. Therefore, it seems that Pb stress triggered an efficient defense mechanism against oxidative stress in P. sagittalis but its magnitude was depending on the plant organ and of their physiological status. In addition, these results suggest that P. sagittalis is Pb-tolerant. In conclusion, P. sagittalis is able to accumulate on average 6730 and 550 μg Pb g(-1) dry weight, respectively, in the roots and shoot, a physiological trait which may be exploited for the phytoremediation of contaminated soils and waters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Liana Veronica Rossato
- Departamento de Química, Centro de Ciências Naturais e Exatas, Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, Santa Maria, RS 97105-900, Brazil
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Bräutigam A, Schaumlöffel D, Preud'homme H, Thondorf I, Wesenberg D. Physiological characterization of cadmium-exposed Chlamydomonas reinhardtii. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2011; 34:2071-2082. [PMID: 21819413 DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-3040.2011.02404.x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/31/2023]
Abstract
Chlamydomonas reinhardtii is a common model organism for investigation of metal stress. This green alga produces phytochelatins in the presence of metal ions. The influence of cadmium is of main interest, because it is a strong activator of phytochelatin synthase. Cell wall bound and intracellular cadmium content was determined after exposition to 70 µm CdCl(2), showing the main portion of the metal outside the cell. Nevertheless, imported cadmium was sufficient to cause significant changes in thiolpeptide metabolism and its transcriptional regulation. Modern analytical approaches enable new insights into phytochelatin (PC) distribution. A new rapid and precise UPLC-MS method allowed high-throughput PC quantification in algal samples after 1, 4, 24 and 48 h cadmium stress. Initially, canonic PCs were synthesized in C. reinhardtii during cadmium exposition, but afterwards CysPCs became the major thiolpeptides. Thus, after 48 h the concentration of the PC-isoforms CysPC(2-3) and CysGSH attained between 105 and 199 nmol g(-1) fresh weight (FW), whereas the PC(2-3) concentrations were only 15 nmol g(-1) FW. The relative quantification of γ-glutamyl transpeptidase (γ-GT) mRNA suggests the generation of CysPCs by glutamate cleavage from canonic PCs by γ-GT. Furthermore, a homology model of C. reinhardtii phytochelatin synthase was constructed to verify the use of crystal structures from Anabaena sp. phytochelatin synthase (PCS) for docking studies with canonical PCs and CysPCs. From the difference in energy scores, we hypothesize that CysPC may prevent the synthesis of canonical PCs by blocking the binding pocket. Finally, possible physiological reasons for the high abundance of CysPC compared with their canonic precursors are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anja Bräutigam
- Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Institut für Biochemie und Biotechnologie, Abteilung Ökologische und Pflanzen-Biochemie, 06120 Halle (Saale), Germany
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Dhir B, Sharmila P, Pardha Saradhi P, Sharma S, Kumar R, Mehta D. Heavy metal induced physiological alterations in Salvinia natans. ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2011; 74:1678-84. [PMID: 21724257 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2011.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2009] [Revised: 05/10/2011] [Accepted: 05/11/2011] [Indexed: 05/21/2023]
Abstract
Salvinia possess inherent capacity to accumulate high levels of various heavy metals. Accumulation of Cr, Fe, Ni, Cu, Pb and Cd ranged between 6 and 9 mg g(-1)dry wt., while accumulation of Co, Zn and Mn was ∼4 mg g(-1)dry wt. Heavy metal accumulation affected the physiological status of plants. Photosystem II activity noted to decline in Ni, Co, Cd, Pb, Zn and Cu exposed plants, while Photosystem I activity showed enhancement under heavy metal stress in comparison to control. The increase in PS I activity supported build up of transthylakoidal proton gradient (ΔpH), which subsequently helped in maintaining the photophosphorylation potential. Ribulose 1,5 dicarboxylase/oxygenase (Rubisco) activity noted a decline. Alterations in photosynthetic potential of Salvinia result primarily from changes in carbon assimilation efficiency with slight variations in primary photochemical activities and photophosphorylation potential. Studies suggest that Salvinia possess efficient photosynthetic machinery to withstand heavy metal stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bhupinder Dhir
- Department of Genetics, University of Delhi South Campus, New Delhi 110021, India.
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Jiang W, Liu D. Pb-induced cellular defense system in the root meristematic cells of Allium sativum L. BMC PLANT BIOLOGY 2010; 10:40. [PMID: 20196842 PMCID: PMC2848760 DOI: 10.1186/1471-2229-10-40] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2009] [Accepted: 03/02/2010] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Electron microscopy (EM) techniques enable identification of the main accumulations of lead (Pb) in cells and cellular organelles and observations of changes in cell ultrastructure. Although there is extensive literature relating to studies on the influence of heavy metals on plants, Pb tolerance strategies of plants have not yet been fully explained. Allium sativum L. is a potential plant for absorption and accumulation of heavy metals. In previous investigations the effects of different concentrations (10(-5) to 10(-3) M) of Pb were investigated in A. sativum, indicating a significant inhibitory effect on shoot and root growth at 10(-3) to 10(-4) M Pb. In the present study, we used EM and cytochemistry to investigate ultrastructural alterations, identify the synthesis and distribution of cysteine-rich proteins induced by Pb and explain the possible mechanisms of the Pb-induced cellular defense system in A. sativum. RESULTS After 1 h of Pb treatment, dictyosomes were accompanied by numerous vesicles within cytoplasm. The endoplasm reticulum (ER) with swollen cisternae was arranged along the cell wall after 2 h. Some flattened cisternae were broken up into small closed vesicles and the nuclear envelope was generally more dilated after 4 h. During 24-36 h, phenomena appeared such as high vacuolization of cytoplasm and electron-dense granules in cell walls, vacuoles, cytoplasm and mitochondrial membranes. Other changes included mitochondrial swelling and loss of cristae, and vacuolization of ER and dictyosomes during 48-72 h. In the Pb-treatment groups, silver grains were observed in cell walls and in cytoplasm, suggesting the Gomori-Swift reaction can indirectly evaluate the Pb effects on plant cells. CONCLUSIONS Cell walls can immobilize some Pb ions. Cysteine-rich proteins in cell walls were confirmed by the Gomori-Swift reaction. The morphological alterations in plasma membrane, dictyosomes and ER reflect the features of detoxification and tolerance under Pb stress. Vacuoles are ultimately one of main storage sites of Pb. Root meristematic cells of A. sativum exposed to lower Pb have a rapid and effective defense system, but with the increased level of Pb in the cytosol, cells were seriously injured.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wusheng Jiang
- Library of Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, PR China
| | - Donghua Liu
- Department of Biology, Tianjin Normal University, Tianjin 300387, PR China
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