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Yi S, Wang J, Wang R, Liu M, Zhong W, Zhu L, Jiang G. Structure-Related Thyroid Disrupting Effect of Perfluorooctanesulfonate-like Substances in Zebrafish Larvae. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2024; 58:182-193. [PMID: 38156633 DOI: 10.1021/acs.est.3c07003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2024]
Abstract
Chlorinated polyfluorooctane ether sulfonate (6:2 Cl-PFESA), hydrogenated polyfluorooctane ether sulfonate (6:2 H-PFESA), and chlorinated polyfluorooctanesulfonate (Cl-PFOS) share structural similarities with the regulated perfluorooctanesulfonate (PFOS), but their toxic potential is rarely known. Here, the thyroid disrupting potential of these four compounds in zebrafish larvae has been comparably investigated. PFOS, Cl-PFOS, and 6:2 Cl-PFESA were accumulated in the larvae at similar levels, approximately 1.3-1.6 times higher than 6:2 H-PFESA. Additionally, PFOS, Cl-PFOS, and 6:2 Cl-PFESA exhibited stronger disruption than 6:2 H-PFESA on genetic regulation, particularly concerning thyroid hormone (TH) activation and action and on TH homeostasis in both free and total forms of thyroxine (T4) and 3,5,3'-triiodothyronine (T3). These results indicate that chlorination or oxygen insertion does not substantially alter the thyrotoxicity of PFOS, but hydrogenation mitigates it. Molecular docking analysis and the luciferase reporter gene assay provided mechanistic perspectives that the PFOS-like substances could competitively replace THs to bind with TH plasma and membrane transporters, thereby disrupting TH transport and action, respectively. Moreover, they are also potent to disrupt TH synthesis and activation through Na+/K+-dependent transport of I- or competitive binding to the sites of deiodinases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujun Yi
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Jingwen Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Rouyi Wang
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Menglin Liu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Wenjue Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Lingyan Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, Ministry of Education, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Environmental Remediation and Pollution Control, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Guibin Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecotoxicology, Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100085, China
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Wang H, Meng Z, Liu F, Zhou L, Su M, Meng Y, Zhang S, Liao X, Cao Z, Lu H. Characterization of boscalid-induced oxidative stress and neurodevelopmental toxicity in zebrafish embryos. CHEMOSPHERE 2020; 238:124753. [PMID: 31545217 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2019.124753] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/25/2019] [Revised: 08/31/2019] [Accepted: 09/03/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Boscalid is a widely used fungicide in agriculture and has been frequently detected in both environments and agricultural products. However, evidence on the neurotoxic effect of boscalid is scarce. In this study, zebrafish served as an animal model to investigate the toxic effects and mechanisms of boscalid on aquatic vertebrates or higher animals. And we unravelled that boscalid induced developmental defects associated with oxidative stress. Developmental defects, including head deformity, hypopigmentation, decreased number of newborn neurons, structural defects around the ventricle, enlarged intercellular space in the brain, and nuclear concentration, were observed in zebrafish embryos after boscalid exposure at 48 hpf. Interestingly, we found that boscalid might directly induce oxidative stress and alter the activity of ATPase, which in turn disrupted the expression of genes involved in neurodevelopment and transmitter-transmitting signalings and melanocyte differentiation and melanin synthesis signalings. Ultimately, the differentiation of nerve cells and melanocytes were both impacted and the synthesis of melanin was inhibited, leading to morphological abnormalities. Additionally, exposure to boscalid led to less and imbalance motion and altered tendency of locomotor in larval fish. Collectively, our results provide new evidences for a comprehensive assessment of its toxicity and a warning for its residues in environment and agricultural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Honglei Wang
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, Ji'an, Jiangxi, China; Center for Developmental Biology of Jinggangshan University, College of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zhen Meng
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, Ji'an, Jiangxi, China; Center for Developmental Biology of Jinggangshan University, College of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, Jiangxi, China
| | - Fasheng Liu
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, Ji'an, Jiangxi, China; Center for Developmental Biology of Jinggangshan University, College of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, Jiangxi, China
| | - Liqun Zhou
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, Ji'an, Jiangxi, China; Center for Developmental Biology of Jinggangshan University, College of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, Jiangxi, China
| | - Meile Su
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, Ji'an, Jiangxi, China; Center for Developmental Biology of Jinggangshan University, College of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, Jiangxi, China
| | - Yunlong Meng
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, Ji'an, Jiangxi, China; Center for Developmental Biology of Jinggangshan University, College of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, Jiangxi, China
| | - Shouhua Zhang
- Department of General Surgery, Jiangxi Provincial Children's Hospital, Nanchang, 330006, PR China
| | - Xinjun Liao
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, Ji'an, Jiangxi, China; Center for Developmental Biology of Jinggangshan University, College of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, Jiangxi, China
| | - Zigang Cao
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, Ji'an, Jiangxi, China; Center for Developmental Biology of Jinggangshan University, College of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, Jiangxi, China
| | - Huiqiang Lu
- Jiangxi Engineering Laboratory of Zebrafish Modeling and Drug Screening for Human Diseases, Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Developmental Biology of Organs, Ji'an, Jiangxi, China; Center for Developmental Biology of Jinggangshan University, College of Life Sciences, Jinggangshan University, Ji'an, Jiangxi, China.
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3
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Yi S, Chen P, Yang L, Zhu L. Probing the hepatotoxicity mechanisms of novel chlorinated polyfluoroalkyl sulfonates to zebrafish larvae: Implication of structural specificity. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2019; 133:105262. [PMID: 31665679 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2019.105262] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 10/08/2019] [Accepted: 10/10/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Hepatotoxicity in zebrafish (Danio rerio) larvae elicited by legacy perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) and its three novel chlorinated alternatives, including chlorinated polyfluorooctane sulfonate (Cl-PFOS) and chlorinated polyfluoroalkyl ether sulfonates (6:2 and 8:2 Cl-PFESA analogs), was evaluated in this study. Upon 7-day separate exposure to the four target compounds at 1 µmol/L, significant hepatic steatosis in exposed larvae was evidenced by pathological micro/macro vacuolation, which was presumably attributed to the excess accumulation of lipid, especially the overloaded triglyceride (TG) level. Disruption on gene transcription was subjected to a structure-dependent manner. In general, PFOS, Cl-PFOS and 6:2 Cl-PFESA of the identical carbon chain length (i.e. C8), despite with different substituents, displayed a similar activation mode and comparable disruptive potency on lipid metabolism responsive genes, which particularly promoted fatty acid synthesis (acetyl-CoA carboxylase, acacb) and β-oxidation (cytochrome P450 enzymes-1A, cyp1a; peroxisomal acyl-CoA oxidase 1, acox1; and acyl-CoA dehy-drogenase, acadm). However, 8:2 Cl-PFESA with a prolonged carbon chain length (i.e. C10), preferentially disturbed fatty acid exportation (apolipoprotein-B100, apob) and triggered a different modulation pattern on fatty acid β-oxidation against the other three compounds. Molecular docking analysis indicated that 8:2 Cl-PFESA exhibited considerably higher peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) antagonism than others, corresponding to its unique suppression effect on fatty acid β-oxidation responsive genes. To our knowledge, this is the first in vivo study reporting hepatotoxicity of Cl-PFOS and Cl-PFESAs to aquatic organisms. Although characterized with different toxic mode-of-action, these novel alternatives can elicit hepatic steatosis as strong as PFOS, stressing the biological risks in view of their global contamination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujun Yi
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Pengyu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Liping Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China
| | - Lingyan Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Processes and Environmental Criteria, College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Nankai University, Tianjin 300350, China.
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Michiels EDG, Vergauwen L, Lai FY, Town RM, Covaci A, van Nuijs ALN, Van Cruchten SJ, Knapen D. Advancing the Zebrafish embryo test for endocrine disruptor screening using micro-injection: Ethinyl estradiol as a case study. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2019; 38:533-547. [PMID: 30569562 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2018] [Revised: 11/25/2018] [Accepted: 12/16/2018] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Fish (embryo) toxicity test guidelines are mostly based on aquatic exposures. However, in some cases, other exposure routes can be more practical and relevant. Micro-injection into the yolk of fish embryos could offer a particular advantage for administering hydrophobic compounds, such as many endocrine disruptors. Single-dose micro-injection was compared with continuous aquatic exposure in terms of compound accumulation and biological responses. 17α-Ethinyl estradiol (EE2) was used as a model compound. First, the optimal solvent and droplet size were optimized, and needle variation was assessed. Next, biological endpoints were evaluated. The accumulated internal dose of EE2 decreased over time in both exposure scenarios. Estrogen receptor activation was concentration/injected dose dependent, increased daily, and was related to esr2b transcription. Transcription of vitellogenin 1 (vtg1) and brain aromatase (cyp19a1b) was induced in both scenarios, but the cyp19a1b transcription pattern differed between routes. Injection caused an increase in cyp19a1b transcripts from 48 hours post fertilization (hpf) onward, whereas after aquatic exposure the main increase occurred between 96 and 120 hpf. Some malformations only occurred after injection, whereas others were present for both scenarios. We conclude that responses can differ between exposure routes and therefore micro-injection is not a direct substitute for, but can be complementary to aquatic exposure. Nevertheless, vtg1and cyp19a1b transcription and estrogen receptor activation are suitable biomarkers for endocrine disruptor screening in both scenarios. Environ Toxicol Chem 2019;38:533-547. © 2018 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ellen D G Michiels
- Zebrafishlab, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Lucia Vergauwen
- Zebrafishlab, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Foon Yin Lai
- Toxicological Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Raewyn M Town
- Systemic Physiological and Ecotoxicological Research, Department of Biology, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Adrian Covaci
- Toxicological Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Alexander L N van Nuijs
- Toxicological Centre, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Antwerp, Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Steven J Van Cruchten
- Applied Veterinary Morphology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
| | - Dries Knapen
- Zebrafishlab, Veterinary Physiology and Biochemistry, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Wilrijk, Belgium
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Zhang Y, Su G, Li M, Li S, Wang Q, Zhu G, Letcher RJ, Liu C. Chemical and biological transfer: Which one is responsible for the maternal transfer toxicity of tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate in zebrafish? ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2018; 243:1376-1382. [PMID: 30273864 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.09.114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2018] [Revised: 08/30/2018] [Accepted: 09/22/2018] [Indexed: 06/08/2023]
Abstract
Maternal transfer toxicity of chemicals has mainly focused in fish on the chemical transfer from maternal generation to offspring, and limited information is available for the evaluation of effects of chemicals from a biological transfer perspective. In this study, first-generation (F0) zebrafish larvae (D. rerio) were exposed to 0, 50, 500 or 5000 ng/L TDCIPP from 14 days post fertilization (dpf) to 120 dpf. F0-generation zebrafish were paired, and F1-generation embryos were collected and continuously exposed to the same concentrations of TDCIPP until 150 dpf. F1-generation females were then paired with unexposed adult males, and maternal transfer effects on survival rate and body length were evaluated. Results demonstrated that maternal exposure to TDCIPP for two generations significantly decreased body length of F2-generation larvae, suggesting the occurrence of maternal transfer toxicity. The transfer of TDCIPP from maternal generation to offspring was evident, but microinjection of equal amounts of TDCIPP did not affect survival and body length of zebrafish larvae. Furthermore, maternal exposure to TDCIPP changed the concentrations of partial mRNAs and proteins in their eggs, and those changes were linked to maternal transfer toxicity (e.g., growth inhibition). These results suggested that in zebrafish changes in biological transfer may explain, at least in part, the observed maternal transfer toxicity of TDCIPP.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yongkang Zhang
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China
| | - Guanyong Su
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Chemical Pollution Control and Resources Reuse, School of Environmental and Biological Engineering, Nanjing University of Science and Technology, Nanjing, 210094, China
| | - Meng Li
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Shuying Li
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Qiangwei Wang
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Guonian Zhu
- Institute of Pesticide and Environmental Toxicology, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310058, China
| | - Robert J Letcher
- Departments of Chemistry and Biology, Carleton University, Ottawa, Ontario, K1S 5B6, Canada
| | - Chunsheng Liu
- College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, 430070, China; Collaborative Innovation Centre for Efficient and Health Production of Fisheries in Hunan Province, Changde, 415000, China.
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Zhang L, Jin Y, Han Z, Liu H, Shi L, Hua X, Doering JA, Tang S, Giesy JP, Yu H. Integrated in silico and in vivo approaches to investigate effects of BDE-99 mediated by the nuclear receptors on developing zebrafish. ENVIRONMENTAL TOXICOLOGY AND CHEMISTRY 2018; 37:780-787. [PMID: 29027256 DOI: 10.1002/etc.4000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2017] [Revised: 06/11/2017] [Accepted: 10/08/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
One of the most abundant polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) is 2,2',4,4',5-pentabromodiphenyl ether (BDE-99), which persists and potentially bioaccumulates in aquatic wildlife. Previous studies in mammals have shown that BDE-99 affects development and disrupts certain endocrine functions through signaling pathways mediated by nuclear receptors. However, fewer studies have investigated the potential of BDE-99 to interact with nuclear receptors in aquatic vertebrates such as fish. In the present study, interactions between BDE-99 and nuclear receptors were investigated by in silico and in vivo approaches. This PBDE was able to dock into the ligand-binding domain of zebrafish aryl hydrocarbon receptor 2 (AhR2) and pregnane X receptor (PXR). It had a significant effect on the transcriptional profiles of genes associated with AhR or PXR. Based on the developed cytoscape of all zebrafish genes, it was also inferred that AhR and PXR could interact via cross-talk. In addition, both the in silico and in vivo approaches found that BDE-99 affected peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα), glucocorticoid receptor, and thyroid receptor. Collectively, our results demonstrate for the first time detailed in silico evidence that BDE-99 can bind to and interact with zebrafish AhR and PXR. These findings can be used to elaborate the molecular mechanism of BDE-99 and guide more objective environmental risk assessments. Environ Toxicol Chem 2018;37:780-787. © 2017 SETAC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yaru Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhihua Han
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science, Ministry of Environmental Protection of China, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hongling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Laihao Shi
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoxue Hua
- Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science, Ministry of Environmental Protection of China, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jon A Doering
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Song Tang
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - John P Giesy
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
- Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, Canada
| | - Hongxia Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu, China
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Significance and nature of bystander responses induced by various agents. MUTATION RESEARCH-REVIEWS IN MUTATION RESEARCH 2017; 773:104-121. [DOI: 10.1016/j.mrrev.2017.05.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Accepted: 05/05/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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Plahuta M, Tišler T, Toman MJ, Pintar A. Toxic and endocrine disrupting effects of wastewater treatment plant influents and effluents on a freshwater isopod Asellus aquaticus (Isopoda, Crustacea). CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 174:342-353. [PMID: 28183060 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2017.01.137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Revised: 01/24/2017] [Accepted: 01/28/2017] [Indexed: 06/06/2023]
Abstract
In the present study a biological "in vivo" assay, with freshwater isopod Asellus aquaticus, was used to define and evaluate the potential impact of the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP) wastewaters on local wildlife. Samples of both untreated and mechanically and biologically treated WWTP wastewater, were tested in the presence and absence of the formulated sediment for their lethal and sublethal effects. Chronic exposures to wastewater samples caused concentration dependent reduced locomotion, body pigmentation and molting frequency in exposed organisms. The observed effects indicate the overall toxicity and endocrine disruption of the wastewater samples. In contrast stimulations of the feeding rate and growth rate of the test organisms during the chronic exposure to sublethal levels of wastewater samples were observed, indicating an improvement in nutritional quality of the wastewater. The most sensitive exposure endpoint was molting frequency of tested organisms, which indicated the presence of estrogenically active endocrine disrupting compounds (EDCs). Raw wastewater caused up to 42% molting frequency reduction of exposed A. aquaticus when exposed to five times diluted untreated wastewater sample, while undiluted treated wastewater caused a 61% molting frequency reduction. The presence of estrogenically active compounds in the wastewater was confirmed with the yeast estrogen screen assay (YES test), which assigned the highest estrogenic activity to a mechanically and biologically treated wastewater sample, and lower estrogenic activity to all other tested samples. The importance of presence of the formulated sediment was determined, as it lessened the effects of all WWTP wastewater samples in all observed exposures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Plahuta
- Laboratory for Environmental Sciences and Engineering, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Tatjana Tišler
- Laboratory for Environmental Sciences and Engineering, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Mihael Jožef Toman
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Biology, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Albin Pintar
- Laboratory for Environmental Sciences and Engineering, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Wu Y, Su G, Tang S, Liu W, Ma Z, Zheng X, Liu H, Yu H. The combination of in silico and in vivo approaches for the investigation of disrupting effects of tris (2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP) toward core receptors of zebrafish. CHEMOSPHERE 2017; 168:122-130. [PMID: 27776230 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2016.10.038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/11/2016] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Tris (2-chloroethyl) phosphate (TCEP), a substitute for brominated flame retardants (FRs) that have been phased out of use, is frequently detected in aqueous environments. However, previous studies on its endocrine disrupting effects have mainly focused on terrestrial mammals. Here, to comprehensively evaluate the potential adverse effects of TCEP on aquatic vertebrates, zebrafish was used as a model to examine developmental phenotypes. The underlying mechanisms of toxicity of TCEP were further explored using in silico and in vivo approaches. In vivo results demonstrated morphologic changes and mortalities of zebrafish when exposed to high concentrations (14,250 and 28,500 μg TCEP/L). In silico results showed that TCEP can bind to and interact with nuclear receptors with different patterns. The combination of in vivo and in silico analyses indicated that receptors can influence each other at the molecular level and that ER, ThR, RXR and RyR were the key receptors influencing the transcriptional pathways. Our results demonstrate that TCEP has adverse effects at relatively low concentrations by affecting key receptors and genes of vertebrates. These results exhibited the need for further studies to evaluate the potential health risks of TCEP to human infants/children due to its high concentration in Chinese rivers (up to 3700 ng/L) and potential for human exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yang Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Guanyong Su
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Song Tang
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - Wei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China; Jiangsu Provincial Academy of Environmental Sciences, Nanjing, Jiangsu, 210036, China
| | - Zhiyuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Xinmei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Hongling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Hongxia Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
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Dang Z. Interpretation of fish biomarker data for identification, classification, risk assessment and testing of endocrine disrupting chemicals. ENVIRONMENT INTERNATIONAL 2016; 92-93:422-441. [PMID: 27155823 DOI: 10.1016/j.envint.2016.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2016] [Revised: 04/03/2016] [Accepted: 04/03/2016] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Chemical induced changes in fish biomarkers vitellogenin (VTG), secondary sex characteristics (SSC), and sex ratio indicate modes/mechanisms of action (MOAs) of EAS (estrogen, androgen and steroidogenesis) pathways. These biomarkers could be used for defining MOAs and the causal link between MOAs and adverse effects in fish for the identification of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs). This paper compiled data sets of 150 chemicals for VTG, 57 chemicals for SSC and 38 chemicals for sex ratio in fathead minnow, medaka and zebrafish. It showed 1) changes in fish biomarkers can indicate the MOAs as anticipated; 2) in addition to EAS pathways, chemicals with non-EAS pathways induced changes in fish biomarkers; 3) responses of fish biomarkers did not always follow the anticipated patterns of EAS pathways. These responses may result from the interaction of chemical-induced multiple MOAs and confounding factors like fish diet, infection, culture conditions, general toxicity and stress response. The complex response of fish biomarkers to a chemical of interest requires EDC testing at multiple biological levels. Interpretation of fish biomarker data should be combined with relevant information at different biological levels, which is critical for defining chemical specific MOAs. The utility of fish biomarker data for identification, classification, PBT assessment, risk assessment, and testing of EDCs in the regulatory context was discussed. This paper emphasizes the importance of fish biomarker data in the regulatory context, a weight of evidence approach for the interpretation of fish biomarker data and the need for defining levels of evidence for the identification of EDCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- ZhiChao Dang
- National Institute for Public Health and the Environment (RIVM), A. van Leeuwenhoeklaan 9, Bilthoven, The Netherlands.
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Ma Z, Tang S, Su G, Miao Y, Liu H, Xie Y, Giesy JP, Saunders DMV, Hecker M, Yu H. Effects of tris (2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBOEP) on endocrine axes during development of early life stages of zebrafish (Danio rerio). CHEMOSPHERE 2016; 144:1920-1927. [PMID: 26547027 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2015.10.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2015] [Revised: 10/11/2015] [Accepted: 10/12/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Due to phasing out of additive flame retardants such as polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), Tris (2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBOEP) is widely used as a substitute. TBOEP is ubiquitous in the environment and has been measured at concentrations of micrograms per liter (μg L(-1)) in surface waters and wastewater. Information on potential adverse effects on development of aquatic organisms caused by exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of TBOEP is limited, especially for effects that may be caused through impairment of endocrine-modulated homeostasis. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine effects of TBOEP on ontogeny and transcription profiles of genes along the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroidal (HPT), hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal (HPA), and hypothalamus-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axes in embryos/larvae of zebrafish (Danio rerio). Exposure to TBOEP (2-5,000 μg L(-1)) from 3 h post-fertilization (hpf) to 120 hpf induced developmental malformations in zebrafish with a LC50 of 288.54 μg L(-1) at both 96 hpf and 120 hpf. The predicted no observed effect concentration (PNOEC) was 2.40 μg L(-1). Exposure to 2, 20, or 200 μg TBOEP L(-1) altered expression of genes involved in three major molecular pathways in a concentration-dependent manner after 120 hpf. TBOEP caused lesser expression of some genes involved in synthesis of hormones, such as (pomc and fshβ) as well as upregulating expression of some genes coding for receptors (thr, tshr, gr, mr, er and ar) in zebrafish larvae. These changes at the molecular level could result in alterations of endocrine function, which could result in edema or deformity and ultimately death.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Song Tang
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - Guanyong Su
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Yueqiu Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - Hongling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China.
| | - Yuwei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
| | - John P Giesy
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China; Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada; Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada; School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - David M V Saunders
- Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - Markus Hecker
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada; Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - Hongxia Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, China
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Ma Z, Yu Y, Tang S, Liu H, Su G, Xie Y, Giesy JP, Hecker M, Yu H. Differential modulation of expression of nuclear receptor mediated genes by tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBOEP) on early life stages of zebrafish (Danio rerio). AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2015; 169:196-203. [PMID: 26562049 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2015.10.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2015] [Revised: 10/23/2015] [Accepted: 10/25/2015] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
As one substitute for phased-out brominated flame retardants (BFRs), tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBOEP) is frequently detected in aquatic organisms. However, knowledge about endocrine disrupting mechanisms associated with nuclear receptors caused by TBOEP remained restricted to results from in vitro studies with mammalian cells. In the study, results of which are presented here, embryos/larvae of zebrafish (Danio rerio) were exposed to 0.02, 0.1 or 0.5μM TBOEP to investigate expression of genes under control of several nuclear hormone receptors (estrogen receptors (ERs), androgen receptor (AR), thyroid hormone receptor alpha (TRα), mineralocorticoid receptor (MR), glucocorticoid receptor (GR), aryl hydrocarbon (AhR), peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα), and pregnane×receptor (P×R)) pathways at 120hpf. Exposure to 0.5μM TBOEP significantly (p<0.05, one-way analysis of variance) up-regulated expression of estrogen receptors (ERs, er1, er2a, and er2b) genes and ER-associated genes (vtg4, vtg5, pgr, ncor, and ncoa3), indicating TBOEP modulates the ER pathway. In contrast, expression of most genes (mr, 11βhsd, ube2i,and adrb2b) associated with the mineralocorticoid receptor (MR) pathway were significantly down-regulated. Furthermore, in vitro mammalian cell-based (MDA-kb2 and H4IIE-luc) receptor transactivation assays, were also conducted to investigate possible agonistic or antagonistic effects on AR- and AhR-mediated pathways. In mammalian cells, none of these pathways were affected by TBOEP at the concentrations studied. Receptor-mediated responses (in vivo) and mammalian cell lines receptor binding assay (in vitro) combined with published information suggest that TBOEP can modulate receptor-mediated, endocrine process (in vivo/in vitro), particularly ER and MR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyuan Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China.
| | - Yijun Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China.
| | - Song Tang
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - Hongling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China.
| | - Guanyong Su
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - Yuwei Xie
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
| | - John P Giesy
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China; Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada; Department of Veterinary Biomedical Sciences, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada; Department of Biology and Chemistry, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Markus Hecker
- School of Environment and Sustainability, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada; Toxicology Centre, University of Saskatchewan, Saskatoon, SK S7N 5B3, Canada
| | - Hongxia Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
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Plahuta M, Tišler T, Pintar A, Toman MJ. Adverse effects of bisphenol A on water louse (Asellus aquaticus). ECOTOXICOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY 2015; 117:81-8. [PMID: 25841063 DOI: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2015.03.031] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2014] [Revised: 03/21/2015] [Accepted: 03/25/2015] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
Experiments were performed to study the effects of short and long-term exposure to bisphenol A (BPA) on a freshwater crustacean isopod Asellus aquaticus (L.). Two life stages of isopods were exposed to a range of BPA concentrations, from aqueous and two dietary sources, in the form of with BPA spiked conditioned alder leaf (Alnus glutinosa) discs, or spiked formulated sediment, to determine the relative importance of each source of exposure on the uptake of this contaminant. Several lethal and sublethal endpoints were evaluated in this study to measure the potential effects of BPA on A. aquaticus, including mortality, growth and feeding rate inhibition, mobility inhibition, de-pigmentation and molting disturbances. They signify a correlation to BPA levels and a difference in BPA uptake efficiency from different uptake sources. Results of acute exposure to BPA show a greater sensitivity of test systems using juvenile specimens with a 96 h LC₅₀ of 8.6 mg L(-1) BPA in water medium and a 96 h LC₅₀ of 13.5 mg L(-1) BPA in sediment. In comparison, adult isopods show a 96 h LC₅₀ of 25.1 mg L(-1) BPA in water medium and a 96 h LC₅₀ of 65.1 mg L(-1) BPA in sediment. Observed endpoints of chronic exposures suggest the alder leave discs to be the most efficient uptake source of BPA, in contrast to uptake from water or heterogeneous sediment. Significant (p<0.05) growth inhibition, with a 21d NOEC of 0.5/2.5 mg L(-1) (for juvenile/adult organisms), and feeding rate inhibition, with a 21d NOEC of 0.5/1.0 mg L(-1) (for juvenile/adult organisms), were proven to be the most sensitive toxicity endpoints. An even more sensitive effect turned out to be molting frequency, which was significantly reduced; a 21d NOEC was 1.0 mg L(-1) of BPA for adult organisms and an even lower 21d NOEC of 0.05 mg L(-1) of BPA for juveniles. The observed endpoints are recorded at very low, non-toxic exposure concentrations, indicating that BPA acts as an endocrine disrupting compound, as well as a toxic substance. We also determined the importance of the direct dietary uptake of the pollutants, significant for juveniles as well as adult animals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Plahuta
- Laboratory for Environmental Sciences and Engineering, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Tatjana Tišler
- Laboratory for Environmental Sciences and Engineering, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Albin Pintar
- Laboratory for Environmental Sciences and Engineering, National Institute of Chemistry, Hajdrihova 19, SI-1001 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
| | - Mihael Jožef Toman
- University of Ljubljana, Biotechnical Faculty, Department of Biology, Jamnikarjeva 101, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia.
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Han Z, Wang Q, Fu J, Chen H, Zhao Y, Zhou B, Gong Z, Wei S, Li J, Liu H, Zhang X, Liu C, Yu H. Multiple bio-analytical methods to reveal possible molecular mechanisms of developmental toxicity in zebrafish embryos/larvae exposed to tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2014; 150:175-181. [PMID: 24685621 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2014.03.013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2013] [Revised: 03/07/2014] [Accepted: 03/12/2014] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
The flame retardant tris(2-butoxyethyl) phosphate (TBEP) is a frequently detected contaminant in the environment, wildlife and human milk. The potentially toxic effects of TBEP and their underlying molecular mechanisms have not been elucidated. Here, zebrafish embryos were exposed to different concentrations of TBEP from 4 hours of post-fertilization (hpf) to 120 hpf, and effects on embryonic development and global protein expression patterns examined. Our results demonstrate that treatment with TBEP (0.8-100mg/L) causes a concentration- and time-dependent decrease in embryonic survival and the hatching percentage. The median lethal concentration was 10.7 mg/L at 120 hpf. Furthermore, exposure to 150 or 800 μg/L TBEP inhibited the degradation and utilization of vitellogenins and down-regulated the expression of proteins related to cation binding, and lipid transport, uptake and metabolism, accompanied by a decrease in heart rate and body length. Exposure to TBEP (150 or 800 μg/L) also decreased the expression of proteins involved in cell proliferation and DNA repair, and led to an increased number of apoptotic cells in the tail region. Collectively, our results suggest that exposure to TBEP causes toxicity in the developing zebrafish by inhibiting the degradation and utilization of nutrients from the mother and inducing apoptosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihua Han
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse & School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Qiangwei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jie Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse & School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hongshan Chen
- State Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Wetland Ecology and Vegetation Restoration, School of the Environment, Northeast Normal University, Changchun 130024, China; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ye Zhao
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Bingsheng Zhou
- State Key Laboratory of Freshwater Ecology and Biotechnology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Zhiyuan Gong
- Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore
| | - Si Wei
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse & School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Jun Li
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse & School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Hongling Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse & School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Xiaowei Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse & School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
| | - Chunsheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse & School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China; Department of Biological Sciences, National University of Singapore, Singapore; College of Fisheries, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China.
| | - Hongxia Yu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse & School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.
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Pereira S, Malard V, Ravanat JL, Davin AH, Armengaud J, Foray N, Adam-Guillermin C. Low doses of gamma-irradiation induce an early bystander effect in zebrafish cells which is sufficient to radioprotect cells. PLoS One 2014; 9:e92974. [PMID: 24667817 PMCID: PMC3965492 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0092974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2013] [Accepted: 02/27/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The term “bystander effect” is used to describe an effect in which cells that have not been exposed to radiation are affected by irradiated cells though various intracellular signaling mechanisms. In this study we analyzed the kinetics and mechanisms of bystander effect and radioadaptation in embryonic zebrafish cells (ZF4) exposed to chronic low dose of gamma rays. ZF4 cells were irradiated for 4 hours with total doses of gamma irradiation ranging from 0.01–0.1 Gy. In two experimental conditions, the transfer of irradiated cells or culture medium from irradiated cells results in the occurrence of DNA double strand breaks in non-irradiated cells (assessed by the number of γ-H2AX foci) that are repaired at 24 hours post-irradiation whatever the dose. At low total irradiation doses the bystander effect observed does not affect DNA repair mechanisms in targeted and bystander cells. An increase in global methylation of ZF4 cells was observed in irradiated cells and bystander cells compared to control cells. We observed that pre-irradiated cells which are then irradiated for a second time with the same doses contained significantly less γ-H2AX foci than in 24 h gamma-irradiated control cells. We also showed that bystander cells that have been in contact with the pre-irradiated cells and then irradiated alone present less γ-H2AX foci compared to the control cells. This radioadaptation effect is significantly more pronounced at the highest doses. To determine the factors involved in the early events of the bystander effect, we performed an extensive comparative proteomic study of the ZF4 secretomes upon irradiation. In the experimental conditions assayed here, we showed that the early events of bystander effect are probably not due to the secretion of specific proteins neither the oxidation of these secreted proteins. These results suggest that early bystander effect may be due probably to a combination of multiple factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandrine Pereira
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, PRP-Environnement/SERIS, Laboratoire d’Ecotoxicologie des Radionucléides, Cadarache, St Paul Lez Durance, France
- CRCL - UMR INSERM 1052 - CNRS 5286, Equipe de Radiobiologie, Cheney A- 1éme étage, Lyon, France
- * E-mail:
| | - Véronique Malard
- CEA, DSV, IBEB, Lab Biochim System Perturb, Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Jean-Luc Ravanat
- Laboratoire des Lésions des Acides Nucléiques, INAC/Scib UMR E3 CEA-UJF, CEA Grenoble, Grenoble, France
| | - Anne-Hélène Davin
- CEA, DSV, IBEB, Lab Biochim System Perturb, Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Jean Armengaud
- CEA, DSV, IBEB, Lab Biochim System Perturb, Bagnols-sur-Cèze, France
| | - Nicolas Foray
- CRCL - UMR INSERM 1052 - CNRS 5286, Equipe de Radiobiologie, Cheney A- 1éme étage, Lyon, France
| | - Christelle Adam-Guillermin
- Institut de Radioprotection et de Sûreté Nucléaire, PRP-Environnement/SERIS, Laboratoire d’Ecotoxicologie des Radionucléides, Cadarache, St Paul Lez Durance, France
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Liu C, Yu H, Zhang X. Zebrafish embryos/larvae for rapid determination of effects on hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) and hypothalamic-pituitary-interrenal (HPI) axis: mRNA expression. CHEMOSPHERE 2013; 93:2327-2332. [PMID: 24034824 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2013.08.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2012] [Revised: 07/11/2013] [Accepted: 08/10/2013] [Indexed: 06/02/2023]
Abstract
To identify and prioritize chemicals that may affect thyroid and adrenal/interregnal endocrine system and to reduce cost and animal use by conventional toxicity assay, an in vivo screening assay was developed using zebrafish embryos/larvae based on measurement of expression of genes that were suggested to play important roles in hypothalamic-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) and hypothalamic-pituitary-interrenal (HPI) axis. Model chemicals that could modulate HPT and HPI axis in adult fish were selected in assay validation, including anti-thyroid agent 6-Propyl-2-thiouracil (PTU) and cytochrome P450 11B (Cyp11b) enzyme inhibitor metyrapone (MET). Zebrafish embryos were exposed to different concentrations of model chemical from 4h post-fertilization (hpf) to 5d post-fertilization (dpf). Exposure to PTU increased mRNA expression of sodium iodide symporter (nis) and thyroglobulin (tg) involved in HPT axis, and MET treatment up-regulated all the mRNA expression tested involved in HPI axis by a compensatory mechanism. These results suggested that HPT and HPI axis were active upon chemical exposure at least at 5 dpf zebrafish. Furthermore, we studied the effects of PTU or MET on the cross-talk between HPT and HPI axis. The results demonstrated that PTU and MET could affect cross-talk responses in zebrafish embryos/larvae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunsheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse & School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
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Fu J, Han J, Zhou B, Gong Z, Santos EM, Huo X, Zheng W, Liu H, Yu H, Liu C. Toxicogenomic responses of zebrafish embryos/larvae to tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCPP) reveal possible molecular mechanisms of developmental toxicity. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2013; 47:10574-82. [PMID: 23919627 DOI: 10.1021/es401265q] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCPP) is frequently present in indoor dust and can be detected in human milk. In order to evaluate the effects of TDCPP on vertebrate development, zebrafish embryos/larvae were used as an animal model to examine developmental phenotypes and explore possible mechanisms of toxicity by employing microarrays and iTRAQ labeling quantitative proteomics. The results demonstrated that treatment with TDCPP (3 μM) from 0.75 h postfertilization (hpf) inhibited cell rearrangement at 4 hpf, caused delay in epiboly at 5.7 and 8.5 hpf, and led to abnormal development (e.g., short tail, reduced body size) and lethality between 14 and 45 hpf, which might be related with altered expression of genes regulating embryogenesis. Furthermore, trunk curvature was observed as the main phenotype in 96 hpf zebrafish larvae exposed to 1 or 3 μM TDCPP, possibly by changing somite formation and expression of proteins related to fast muscle and cartilage development. Collectively, our results suggest that exposure to TDCPP causes developmental toxicity in vertebrates and warrant the need for studies to evaluate the potential health risks of TDCPP to developing human embryos/infants/children, due to its frequent presence in indoor dust and potential for human exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse & School of the Environment, Nanjing University , Nanjing, Jiangsu 210023, China
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Liu C, Wang Q, Liang K, Liu J, Zhou B, Zhang X, Liu H, Giesy JP, Yu H. Effects of tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate and triphenyl phosphate on receptor-associated mRNA expression in zebrafish embryos/larvae. AQUATIC TOXICOLOGY (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2013; 128-129:147-57. [PMID: 23306105 DOI: 10.1016/j.aquatox.2012.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 118] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2012] [Revised: 11/22/2012] [Accepted: 12/11/2012] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Tris(1,3-dichloro-2-propyl) phosphate (TDCPP) and triphenyl phosphate (TPP) are frequently detected in biota, including fish. However, knowledge of the toxicological and molecular effects of these currently used flame retardants is limited. In the present study, an in vivo screening approach was developed to evaluate effects of TDCPP and TPP on developmental endpoints and receptor-associated expression of mRNA in zebrafish embryos/larvae. Exposure to TDCPP or TPP resulted in significantly smaller rates of hatching and survival, in dose- and time-dependent manners. The median lethal concentration (LC(50)) was 7.0 mg/L for TDCPP and 29.6 mg/L for TPP at 120 hour post-fertilization (hpf). Real-time PCR revealed alterations in expression of mRNAs involved in aryl hydrocarbon receptors (AhRs)-, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPARα)-, estrogenic receptors (ERs)-, thyroid hormone receptor alpha (TRα)-, glucocorticoid receptor (GR)-, and mineralocorticoid receptor (MR)-centered gene networks. Exposure to positive control chemicals significantly altered abundances of mRNA in corresponding receptor-centered gene networks, a result that suggests that it is feasible to use zebrafish embryos/larvae to evaluate effects of chemicals on mRNA expression in these gene networks. Exposure to TDCPP altered transcriptional profiles in all six receptor-centered gene networks, thus exerting multiple toxic effects. TPP was easily metabolized and its potency to change expression of mRNA involved in receptor-centered gene networks was weaker than that of TDCPP. The PPARα- and TRα-centered gene networks might be the primary pathways affected by TPP. Taken together, these results demonstrated that TDCPP and TPP could alter mRNA expression of genes involved in the six receptor-centered gene networks in zebrafish embryos/larvae, and TDCPP seemed to have higher potency in changing the mRNA expression of these genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunsheng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse & School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing, China.
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Zheng X, Zhu Y, Liu C, Liu H, Giesy JP, Hecker M, Lam MHW, Yu H. Accumulation and biotransformation of BDE-47 by zebrafish larvae and teratogenicity and expression of genes along the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid axis. ENVIRONMENTAL SCIENCE & TECHNOLOGY 2012; 46:12943-51. [PMID: 23110413 DOI: 10.1021/es303289n] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
Accumulation and effects of BDE-47 and two analogues, 6-OH-BDE-47 and 6-MeO-BDE-47, on ontogeny and profiles of transcription of genes along the hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis of zebrafish (Danio rerio) embryos exposed from 4 h post fertilization (hpf) to 120 hpf were investigated. The 96 h-LC(50) of the most toxic compound, based on teratogenicity, was 330 μg of 6-OH-BDE-47/L. 6-OH-BDE-47 significantly down-regulated expression of mRNA of thyroid stimulating hormone receptor (TSHR), thyroid hormone receptors (TRs, including TRα and TRβ), sodium/iodide symporter (NIS), and transthyretin (TTR) while up-regulating expression of thyroglobulin (TG) and thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH). Spontaneous movement was affected by 1 mg of 6-OH-BDE-47/L or 5 mg of 6-MeO-BDE-47/L. BDE-47 did not alter activity of larvae at any concentration tested. 6-MeO-BDE-47 significantly up-regulated expression of mRNA of TRH, TRα, TRβ and NIS. Both 6-OH-BDE-47 and 6-MeO-BDE-47 affected the thyroid hormone pathway. BDE-47 and 6-MeO-BDE-47 were accumulated more than 6-OH-BDE-47. 6-MeO-BDE-47 was transformed into 6-OH-BDE-47, but BDE-47 was not transformed into it. In summary, the synthetic brominated flame retardant, BDE-47, did not elicit the adverse effects caused by the other two analogues and appeared to have less toxicological relevance than the two natural product analogues 6-OH- and 6-MeO-BDE-47.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinmei Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse, School of the Environment, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China
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