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Vintimilla R, Benton A, Morakabian R, Hall JR, Johnson LA, O'Bryant SE. The Association of Neighborhood Socioeconomic Status with Executive Function and Processing Speed in Cognitively Normal Mexican American Elders from the Health and Aging Brains Study: Health Disparities Cohort. Dement Geriatr Cogn Disord 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38663362 DOI: 10.1159/000539035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/20/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Neighborhood socioeconomic status (NSES) has been linked with overall health, and this study will evaluate whether NSES is cross-sectionally associated with cognition in non-Hispanic whites (NHWs) and Mexican Americans (MAs) from the Health and Aging Brain: Health Disparities Study (HABS-HD). METHODS The HABS-HD is a longitudinal study conducted at the University of North Texas Health Science Center. The final sample analyzed (n = 1,312) were 50 years or older, with unimpaired cognition, and underwent an interview, neuropsychological examination, imaging, and blood draw. NSES was measured using the national area deprivation index (ADI) percentile ranking, which considered socioeconomic variables. Executive function and processing speed were assessed by the trail making tests (A and B) and the digit-symbol substitution test, respectively. Linear regression was used to assess the association of ADI and cognitive measures. RESULTS MAs were younger, more likely to be female, less educated, had higher ADI scores, performed worse on trails B (all p < 0.05), and had lower prevalence of APOE4 + when compared to NHWs (p < 0.0001). A higher percentage of MAs lived in the most deprived neighborhoods than NHWs. For NHWs, ADI did not predict trails B or DSS scores, after adjusting for demographic variables and APOE4. For MAs, ADI predicted trails A, trails B, and DSS after adjusting for demographic covariates and APOE4 status. CONCLUSION Our study revealed that living in an area of higher deprivation was associated with lower cognitive function in MAs but not in NHWs, which is important to consider in future interventions to slow cognitive decline.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raul Vintimilla
- Institute for Translational Research, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Abigail Benton
- Texas College of Osteopathic Medicine, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Roya Morakabian
- Boonshoft School of Medicine, Wright State University, Dayton, Ohio, USA
| | - James R Hall
- Institute for Translational Research, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Leigh A Johnson
- Institute for Translational Research, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
| | - Sid E O'Bryant
- Institute for Translational Research, University of North Texas Health Science Center, Fort Worth, Texas, USA
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Kosteniuk J, Osman BA, Osman M, Quail J, Islam N, O'Connell ME, Kirk A, Stewart N, Karunanayake C, Morgan D. Rural-urban differences in use of health services before and after dementia diagnosis: a retrospective cohort study. BMC Health Serv Res 2024; 24:399. [PMID: 38553765 PMCID: PMC10981340 DOI: 10.1186/s12913-024-10817-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/20/2023] [Accepted: 03/03/2024] [Indexed: 04/01/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Rural-urban differences in health service use among persons with prevalent dementia are known. However, the extent of geographic differences in health service use over a long observation period, and prior to diagnosis, have not been sufficiently examined. The purpose of this study was to examine yearly rural-urban differences in the proportion of patients using health services, and the mean number of services, in the 5-year period before and 5-year period after a first diagnosis of dementia. METHODS This population-based retrospective cohort study used linked administrative health data from the Canadian province of Saskatchewan to investigate the use of five health services [family physician (FP), specialist physician, hospital admission, all-type prescription drug dispensations, and short-term institutional care admission] each year from April 2008 to March 2019. Persons with dementia included 2,024 adults aged 65 years and older diagnosed from 1 April 2013 to 31 March 2014 (617 rural; 1,407 urban). Matching was performed 1:1 to persons without dementia on age group, sex, rural versus urban residence, geographic region, and comorbidity. Differences between rural and urban persons within the dementia and control cohorts were separately identified using the Z-score test for proportions (p < 0.05) and independent samples t-test for means (p < 0.05). RESULTS Rural compared to urban persons with dementia had a lower average number of FP visits during 1-year and 2-year preindex and between 2-year and 4-year postindex (p < 0.05), a lower likelihood of at least one specialist visit and a lower average number of specialist visits during each year (p < 0.05), and a lower average number of all-type prescription drug dispensations for most of the 10-year study period (p < 0.05). Rural-urban differences were not observed in admission to hospital or short-term institutional care (p > 0.05 each year). CONCLUSIONS This study identified important geographic differences in physician services and all-type prescription drugs before and after dementia diagnosis. Health system planners and educators must determine how to use existing resources and technological advances to support care for rural persons living with dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Kosteniuk
- Canadian Centre for Rural and Agricultural Health, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, S7N 2Z4, Saskatoon, SK, Canada.
| | - Beliz Acan Osman
- Saskatchewan Health Quality Council, Atrium Building, Innovation Place, 241- 111 Research Drive, S7N 3R2, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Meric Osman
- Saskatchewan Medical Association, 2174 Airport Drive #201, S7L 6M6, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Jacqueline Quail
- Saskatchewan Health Quality Council, Atrium Building, Innovation Place, 241- 111 Research Drive, S7N 3R2, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Naorin Islam
- College of Pharmacy and Nutrition, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, S7N 5E5, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Megan E O'Connell
- Department of Psychology, University of Saskatchewan, Arts 182, 9 Campus Drive, S7N 5A5, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Andrew Kirk
- Department of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, S7N 0W8, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Norma Stewart
- College of Nursing, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, S7N 2Z4, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Chandima Karunanayake
- Canadian Centre for Rural and Agricultural Health, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, S7N 2Z4, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
| | - Debra Morgan
- Canadian Centre for Rural and Agricultural Health, University of Saskatchewan, 104 Clinic Place, S7N 2Z4, Saskatoon, SK, Canada
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Li J, Hirsch JA, Michael YL, Besser LM, Auchincloss AH, Hughes TM, Sánchez BN. Spatial scale effects on associations between built environment and cognitive function: Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. Health Place 2024; 86:103181. [PMID: 38340497 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2024.103181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/27/2023] [Revised: 12/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
Built environments have the potential to favorably support cognitive function. Despite growing work on this topic, most of the work has ignored variation in the spatial scale of the effect. The issue with spatial scale effects is that the size and shape of the areal unit within which built environment characteristics are measured naturally influence the built environment exposure metric and thus the estimated associations with health. We used spatial distributed lag modeling (DLM) to estimate how associations between built environment exposures (walkable destinations [WD], social destinations [SD]) and change in cognition varied across distance of these destinations from participants' residences. Cognition was assessed as maintained/improved processing speed (PS) and global cognition (GC). Person-level data from Exam 5 (2010-2012) and Exam 6 (2016-2018) of the Multi-Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis was used (N = 1380, mean age 67). Built environment data were derived from the National Establishment Time Series. Higher availability of walkable and social destinations at closer distance from participants' residence was associated with maintained/improved PS. The adjusted associations between maintained/improved PS and destinations waned with increasing distance from the residence; associations were evident until approximately 1.9-km for WD and 1.5-km for SD. Associations were most apparent for participants living in areas with high population density. We found little evidence for associations between change in GC and built environment at any distance. These results highlight the importance of identifying appropriate spatial scale to understand the mechanisms for built environment-cognition associations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jingjing Li
- Department of Land Resources Management, School of Public Administration, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan, Hubei, 430074, China
| | - Jana A Hirsch
- Urban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA.
| | - Yvonne L Michael
- Urban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Lilah M Besser
- Department of Neurology, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA
| | - Amy H Auchincloss
- Urban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
| | - Timothy M Hughes
- Department of Internal Medicine, Department of Epidemiology and Prevention, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, 27109, USA
| | - Brisa N Sánchez
- Urban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA; Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, 19104, USA
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Song Y, Liu Y, Bai X, Yu H. Effects of neighborhood built environment on cognitive function in older adults: a systematic review. BMC Geriatr 2024; 24:194. [PMID: 38408919 PMCID: PMC10898015 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-024-04776-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/03/2024] [Indexed: 02/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND In the background of an aging population, the risk of cognitive impairment in the older population is prominent. Exposure to complex neighborhood built environments may be beneficial to the cognitive health of older adults, and the purpose of this study was to systematically review the scientific evidence on the effects of neighborhood built environments on cognitive function in older adults. METHODS Keywords and references were searched in Web of Science, Pubmed, PsycINFO, and MEDLINE. Studies examining the relationship between the built environment and cognitive function in older adults were included. The neighborhood built environment as an independent variable was classified according to seven aspects: density, design, diversity, destination accessibility, public transportation distance, blue/green space, and built environment quality. The cognitive function as the dependent variable was classified according to overall cognitive function, domain-specific cognitive function, and incidence of dementia. The quality of the included literature was assessed using the National Institutes of Health's Observational Cohort and Cross-Sectional Study Quality Assessment Tool. RESULTS A total of 56 studies were included that met the inclusion criteria, including 31 cross-sectional studies, 23 longitudinal studies, 1 cross-sectional study design combined with a case-control design, and 1 longitudinal study design combined with a case-control design. Most of the studies reviewed indicate that the built environment factors that were positively associated with cognitive function in older adults were population density, street connectivity, walkability, number of public transportation stops around the residence, land use mix, neighborhood resources, green space, and quality of the neighborhood built environment. Built environment factors that were negatively associated with cognitive function in older adults were street integration, distance from residence to main road. The relationship between residential density, destination accessibility, and blue space with cognitive function in older adults needs to be further explored. CONCLUSION Preliminary evidence suggests an association between the neighborhood built environment and cognitive function in older adults. The causal relationship between the built environment and cognitive function can be further explored in the future using standardized and combined subjective and objective assessment methods, and longitudinal or quasi-experimental study designs. For public health interventions on the cognitive health of older adults, it is recommended that relevant authorities include the neighborhood built environment in their intervention programs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yiling Song
- Department of Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Yunxi Liu
- Graduate School of Commerce, Waseda University, Tokyo, 169-8050, Japan
| | - Xiaotian Bai
- Department of Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China
| | - Hongjun Yu
- Department of Physical Education, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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Kim MH, Dunkle R, Clarke P. Neighborhood resources and risk of cognitive decline among a community-dwelling long-term care population in the U.S. PUBLIC HEALTH IN PRACTICE 2023; 6:100433. [PMID: 37823022 PMCID: PMC10562742 DOI: 10.1016/j.puhip.2023.100433] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2023] [Revised: 09/18/2023] [Accepted: 09/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Objective To examine the associations between neighborhood resources (i.e., number of restaurants, recreation centers, or social services for seniors and persons with disability per land area) and cognitive decline among a community-dwelling long-term care population and whether they differ by baseline cognition status. Study design Prospective longitudinal cohort study. Methods We used a longitudinal dataset that assessed over a two-year period older adults receiving state-funded home- and community-based services in Michigan Metropolitan areas (N = 9,802) and applied nonlinear mixed models with a random intercept with Poisson distribution. Results Cognitively intact older adults were less likely to experience cognitive decline when they resided in resource-rich neighborhoods, compared to those cognitively intact but living in neighborhoods that lacked resources. But their cognitively impaired or dementia-diagnosed counterparts did not similarly benefit from living in neighborhoods with rich resources. Conclusions Neighborhood resources may be an important aspect of intervention to mitigate cognitive decline before older adults become cognitively impaired.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Hee Kim
- Philip R. Lee Institute for Health Policy Studies, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, USA
| | - Ruth Dunkle
- School Social Work, University of Michigan, 1080 S. University Ave., Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Philippa Clarke
- Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, 426 Thompson Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48104-1248, USA
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Park S, Lee S, Jeong KH. Predictors of Variation in the Cognitive Function Trajectories among Older Adults Living Alone: A Growth Mixture Modeling Approach. Healthcare (Basel) 2023; 11:2750. [PMID: 37893824 PMCID: PMC10606450 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare11202750] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 10/13/2023] [Indexed: 10/29/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Considering the global aging population, this study investigates changes in cognitive function and predictive factors among older adults living alone. METHODS Using data collected from the Korean Longitudinal Study of Aging (KLoSA), the study examines 1217 participants to identify distinct cognitive change patterns and the variables affecting them. RESULTS Two primary cognitive function change types emerged: "High-Level Declining Type" and "Low-Level Stable Type." Although the former initially displayed normal cognitive function, it gradually declined over a period of 14 years until it reached mild cognitive impairment (MCI) levels by the year 2020. While the latter group had lower cognitive function from the beginning and remained stable throughout the study. Older age, female gender, rural residence, lower education, lower income, unemployment, and higher levels of depression were linked to a higher likelihood of belonging to the "Low-Level Stable Type". CONCLUSIONS The findings of these studies emphasize the need for proactive interventions and regular cognitive assessments for older individuals living alone, as cognitive impairment can develop even in individuals whose cognitive abilities are initially good. Also, tailored interventions should target specific demographic and socioeconomic groups to mitigate cognitive decline effectively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Soyoung Park
- Department of Social Welfare, Semyung University, 65 Semyung-ro, Jecheon 27136, Republic of Korea; (S.P.); (K.-H.J.)
| | - Seoyoon Lee
- Interdisciplinary Graduate Program in Social Welfare Policy, Yonsei University, 50 Yonsei-ro, Seoul 03722, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyu-Hyoung Jeong
- Department of Social Welfare, Semyung University, 65 Semyung-ro, Jecheon 27136, Republic of Korea; (S.P.); (K.-H.J.)
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Yang HW, Wu YH, Lin MC, Liao SF, Fan CC, Wu CS, Wang SH. Association between neighborhood availability of physical activity facilities and cognitive performance in older adults. Prev Med 2023; 175:107669. [PMID: 37595898 DOI: 10.1016/j.ypmed.2023.107669] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/13/2023] [Indexed: 08/20/2023]
Abstract
The existing evidence on the contextual influence of the availability of local facilities for physical activity on the cognitive health of elderly residents is sparse. This study examined the association between neighborhood physical activity facilities and cognitive health in older individuals. A cohort study of community-dwelling older adults was performed using baseline data and follow-up data from the Taiwan Biobank. Cognitive health was measured in 32,396 individuals aged 60-70 years using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) with follow-up information on 8025 participants. The district was used as the proxy for local neighborhood. To determine neighborhood physical activity facilities, school campuses, parks, activity centers, gyms, swimming pools, and stadiums were included. Multilevel linear regression models were applied to examine the associations of neighborhood physical activity facilities with baseline MMSE and MMSE decline during follow-up, with adjustment for individual factors and neighborhood socioeconomic characteristics. Multilevel analyses revealed that there was a neighborhood-level effect on cognitive health among older adults. After adjusting for compositional and neighborhood socioeconomic characteristics, baseline MMSE was higher in individuals living in the middle- (beta = 0.12, p-value = 0.140) and high-density facility (beta = 0.22, p-value = 0.025) groups than in the low-density group (p-value for trend-test = 0.031). MMSE decline during follow-up was slower in the middle- (beta = 0.15, p-value = 0.114) and high-density facility (beta = 0.27, p-value = 0.052) groups than in the low-density group (p-value for trend-test = 0.032). Greater neighborhood availability of physical activity facilities was associated with better cognitive health among older residents. These findings have implications for designing communities and developing strategies to support cognitive health of an aging population.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Wen Yang
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Yun-Hsuan Wu
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan
| | - Mei-Chen Lin
- National Center for Geriatrics and Welfare Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County, Taiwan
| | - Shu-Fen Liao
- Department of Medical Research, Wan Fang Hospital, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan; School of Public Health, College of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Chun-Chieh Fan
- Center for Population Neuroscience and Genetics, Laureate Institute for Brain Research, Tulsa, OK, USA; Department of Radiology, School of Medicine, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, CA, USA
| | - Chi-Shin Wu
- National Center for Geriatrics and Welfare Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County, Taiwan; Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Yunlin branch, Douliu, Taiwan
| | - Shi-Heng Wang
- Department of Public Health, College of Public Health, China Medical University, Taichung, Taiwan; National Center for Geriatrics and Welfare Research, National Health Research Institutes, Zhunan, Miaoli County, Taiwan.
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Soloveva MV, Poudel G, Barnett A, Shaw JE, Martino E, Knibbs LD, Anstey KJ, Cerin E. Characteristics of urban neighbourhood environments and cognitive age in mid-age and older adults. Health Place 2023; 83:103077. [PMID: 37451077 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2023.103077] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 05/29/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
In this cross-sectional study, we examined the extent to which features of the neighbourhood natural, built, and socio-economic environments were related to cognitive age in adults (N = 3418, Mage = 61 years) in Australia. Machine learning estimated an individual's cognitive age from assessments of processing speed, verbal memory, premorbid intelligence. A 'cognitive age gap' was calculated by subtracting chronological age from predicted cognitive age and was used as a marker of cognitive age. Greater parkland availability and higher neighbourhood socio-economic status were associated with a lower cognitive age gap score in confounder- and mediator-adjusted regression models. Cross-sectional design is a limitation. Living in affluent neighbourhoods with access to parks maybe beneficial for cognitive health, although selection mechanisms may contribute to the findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria V Soloveva
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia.
| | - Govinda Poudel
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Anthony Barnett
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia
| | - Jonathan E Shaw
- Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia; School of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, Monash University, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia; School of Life Sciences, La Trobe University, Melbourne, VIC, 3086, Australia
| | - Erika Martino
- School of Population and Global Health, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC, 3053, Australia
| | - Luke D Knibbs
- School of Public Health, The University of Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; Public Health Research Analytics and Methods for Evidence, Public Health Unit, Sydney Local Health District, Camperdown, NSW 2050, Australia
| | - Kaarin J Anstey
- School of Psychology, University of New South Wales, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia; Neuroscience Research Australia (NeuRA), Sydney, NSW, 2031, Australia; UNSW Ageing Futures Institute, Kensington, NSW, 2052, Australia
| | - Ester Cerin
- Mary MacKillop Institute for Health Research, Australian Catholic University, Melbourne, VIC, 3000, Australia; School of Public Health, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China; Baker Heart and Diabetes Institute, Melbourne, VIC, 3004, Australia; Department of Community Medicine, UiT the Artic University of Norway, 9019, Tromsø, Norway
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Kim B, Rosenberg DE, Dobra A, Barrington WE, Hurvitz PM, Belza B. Association of Perceived Neighborhood Environments With Cognitive Function in Older Adults. J Gerontol Nurs 2023; 49:35-41. [PMID: 37523339 PMCID: PMC11166025 DOI: 10.3928/00989134-20230707-04] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/02/2023]
Abstract
The current study examined the associations between perceptions of the social and physical neighborhood environments and cognitive function in older adults. This cross-sectional study analyzed 821 adults aged ≥65 years from the Adult Changes in Thought study. Perceived neighborhood attributes were measured by the Physical Activity Neighborhood Environment Scale. Cognitive function was assessed using the Cognitive Ability Screening Instrument. The associations were tested using multivariate linear regression. One point greater perceived access to public transit was associated with 0.56 points greater cognitive function score (95% confidence interval [CI] [0.25, 0.88]), and an additional one point of perceived sidewalk coverage was related to 0.22 points higher cognitive function score (95% CI [0.00, 0.45]) after controlling for sociodemographic factors. The perception of neighborhood attributes alongside physical infrastructure may play an important role in supporting older adults' cognitive function. [Journal of Gerontological Nursing, 49(8), 35-41.].
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Lai KY, Kumari S, Webster C, Gallacher JEJ, Sarkar C. Neighbourhood residential density, urbanicity and incident dementia and Alzheimer's disease: A 12-year prospective cohort study from the UK Biobank. ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH 2023; 226:115627. [PMID: 36894118 DOI: 10.1016/j.envres.2023.115627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2023] [Accepted: 03/04/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION An increasing proportion of global population is exposed to urban densification in an aging society. However, little is known of the role of residential density and urbanicity on the risk of developing dementia including Alzheimer's disease. We examined long-term associations between residential density and urbanicity and risks of incident dementia and Alzheimer's disease. METHODS This prospective cohort study included participants from the UK Biobank who lived at the same residential address, had no self-reported neurological conditions and without dementia at baseline. Residential density was measured as the number of dwelling units within 1-km street neighbourhood of participant's home address. A composite index of urbanicity was developed from neighbourhood-level z-standardized densities of housing, retail, public transport and street centrality. Hazard ratios were derived from Cox proportional hazard models adjusted for known risk factors. RESULTS The analytic sample included 239,629 participants aged 38-72 years. During a median follow-up of 12.3 years (interquartile range 11.5-13.0 years), 2,176 participants developed dementia and 1,004 Alzheimer's disease. After adjustments for potential risk factors, each 1,000 units/Km2 increment in residential density was associated with higher risks of dementia (hazard ratio [HR]=1.10, 95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.06-1.15) and Alzheimer's disease (HR=1.10, 95% CI: 1.04-1.16). Consistently, categorical models showed that living in neighbourhoods of higher residential density and urbanicity were associated with higher risks of dementia (HR = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.12-1.51 for the highest density quintile compared to the lowest and HR = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.05-1.39 for the highest urbanicity quintile relative to the lowest). The associations were more pronounced in female, age >65 years, and among participants of the low income and those being frail and having shorter leucocyte telomere length (LTL). CONCLUSIONS Higher residential density and urbanicity was found to be positively associated with elevated risks of dementia and Alzheimer's disease. Optimizing neighbourhood residential density maybe one of the upstream considerations for mitigating against neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka Yan Lai
- Healthy High Density Cities Lab, HKUrbanLab, The University of Hong Kong, Knowles Building, Pokfulam Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Department of Urban Planning and Design, Faculty of Architecture, The University of Hong Kong, Knowles Building, Pokfulam Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Sarika Kumari
- Healthy High Density Cities Lab, HKUrbanLab, The University of Hong Kong, Knowles Building, Pokfulam Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - Chris Webster
- Healthy High Density Cities Lab, HKUrbanLab, The University of Hong Kong, Knowles Building, Pokfulam Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Department of Urban Planning and Design, Faculty of Architecture, The University of Hong Kong, Knowles Building, Pokfulam Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China
| | - John E J Gallacher
- UK Dementias Platform, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7JX, United Kingdom
| | - Chinmoy Sarkar
- Healthy High Density Cities Lab, HKUrbanLab, The University of Hong Kong, Knowles Building, Pokfulam Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; Department of Urban Planning and Design, Faculty of Architecture, The University of Hong Kong, Knowles Building, Pokfulam Road, Pokfulam, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region, China; UK Dementias Platform, Department of Psychiatry, University of Oxford, Warneford Hospital, Oxford, OX3 7JX, United Kingdom.
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Hyun J, Katz MJ, Derby CA, Roque N, Muñoz E, Sliwinski MJ, Lovasi GS, Lipton RB. Availability of healthy foods, fruit and vegetable consumption, and cognition among urban older adults. BMC Geriatr 2023; 23:302. [PMID: 37198552 PMCID: PMC10189949 DOI: 10.1186/s12877-023-04003-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Accepted: 04/26/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND . Although prior studies have examined the associations between neighborhood characteristics and cognitive health, little is known about whether local food environments, which are critical for individuals' daily living, are associated with late-life cognition. Further, little is known about how local environments may shape individuals' health-related behaviors and impact cognitive health. The aim of this study is to examine whether objective and subjective measures of healthy food availability are associated with ambulatory cognitive performance and whether behavioral and cardiovascular factors mediate these associations among urban older adults. METHODS . The sample consisted of systematically recruited, community-dwelling older adults (N = 315, mean age = 77.5, range = 70-91) from the Einstein Aging Study. Objective availability of healthy foods was defined as density of healthy food stores. Subjective availability of healthy foods and fruit/vegetable consumption were assessed using self-reported questionnaires. Cognitive performance was assessed using smartphone-administered cognitive tasks that measured processing speed, short-term memory binding, and spatial working memory performance 6 times a day for 14 days. RESULTS . Results from multilevel models showed that subjective availability of healthy foods, but not objective food environments, was associated with better processing speed (estimate= -0.176, p = .003) and more accurate memory binding performance (estimate = 0.042, p = .012). Further, 14~16% of the effects of subjective availability of healthy foods on cognition were mediated through fruit and vegetable consumption. CONCLUSIONS . Local food environments seem to be important for individuals' dietary behavior and cognitive health. Specifically, subjective measures of food environments may better reflect individuals' experiences regarding their local food environments not captured by objective measures. Future policy and intervention strategies will need to include both objective and subjective food environment measures in identifying impactful target for intervention and evaluating effectiveness of policy changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jinshil Hyun
- The Saul R. Korey Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA.
| | - Mindy J Katz
- The Saul R. Korey Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Carol A Derby
- The Saul R. Korey Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
| | - Nelson Roque
- Department of Psychology, University of Central Florida, Orlando, FL, USA
| | - Elizabeth Muñoz
- Department of Human Development and Family Sciences, University of Texas Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Martin J Sliwinski
- Department of Human Development and Family Studies, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
- Center for Healthy Aging, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA, USA
| | - Gina S Lovasi
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Urban Health Collaborative, Dornsife School of Public Health, Drexel University, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Richard B Lipton
- The Saul R. Korey Department of Neurology, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, 1300 Morris Park Avenue, Bronx, NY, 10461, USA
- Headache Center, Montefiore Medical Center, Bronx, NY, USA
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12
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Harris ML, Bennion E, Magnusson KR, Howard VJ, Wadley VG, McClure LA, Levine DA, Manly JJ, Avila JF, Glymour MM, Wisco JJ, Thacker EL. Rural versus Urban Residence in Adulthood and Incident Cognitive Impairment. Neuroepidemiology 2023; 57:218-228. [PMID: 37231876 DOI: 10.1159/000530961] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Accepted: 04/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/27/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Rural versus urban living is a social determinant of cognitive health. We estimated the association of rural versus urban residence in the USA with incident cognitive impairment (ICI) and assessed effect heterogeneity by sociodemographic, behavioral, and clinical factors. METHODS The Reasons for Geographic and Racial Differences in Stroke Study (REGARDS) is a population-based prospective observational cohort of 30,239 adults, 57% female, 36% Black, aged 45+ years, sampled from 48 contiguous states in the USA in 2003-2007. We analyzed 20,878 participants who at baseline were cognitively intact with no history of stroke and had ICI assessed on average 9.4 years later. We classified participants' home addresses at baseline as urban (population ≥50,000), large rural (10,000-49,999), or small rural (≤9,999) by Rural-Urban Commuting Area codes. We defined ICI as ≥1.5 SD below the mean on at least 2 of the following tests: word list learning, word list delayed recall, and animal naming. RESULTS Participants' home addresses were 79.8% urban, 11.7% large rural, and 8.5% small rural. ICI occurred in 1,658 participants (7.9%). Small rural residents had higher odds of ICI than urban residents, adjusted for age, sex, race, region, and education (OR = 1.34 [95% CI: 1.10, 1.64]), and after further adjustment for income, health behaviors, and clinical characteristics (OR = 1.24 [95% CI: 1.02, 1.53]). Former smoking versus never, nondrinking versus light alcohol drinking, no exercise versus ≥4 times/week, CES-D depressive symptom score of 2 versus 0, and fair versus excellent self-rated health had stronger associations with ICI in small rural areas than in urban areas. For example, in urban areas, lack of exercise was not associated with ICI (OR = 0.90 [95% CI: 0.77, 1.06]); however, lack of exercise combined with small rural residence was associated with 1.45 times the odds of ICI compared with ≥4 bouts of exercise/week in urban areas (95% CI: 1.03, 2.03). Overall, large rural residence was not associated with ICI; however, black race, hypertension, and depressive symptoms had somewhat weaker associations with ICI, and heavy alcohol drinking a stronger association with ICI, in large rural areas than in urban areas. CONCLUSION Small rural residence was associated with ICI among USA adults. Further research to better understand why rural residents are at higher risk for developing ICI and mechanisms to ameliorate that risk will support efforts to advance rural public health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew L Harris
- Department of Public Health, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
- University at Buffalo Jacobs School of Medicine, State University of New York, Buffalo, New York, USA
| | - Erica Bennion
- Department of Public Health, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Kristine R Magnusson
- Department of Public Health, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia, USA
| | - Virginia J Howard
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Virginia G Wadley
- Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, Alabama, USA
| | - Leslie A McClure
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, Drexel University, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania, USA
| | - Deborah A Levine
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Jennifer J Manly
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Justina F Avila
- Department of Neurology, Columbia University, New York, New York, USA
| | - Maria M Glymour
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jonathan J Wisco
- Department of Physiology and Developmental Biology, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
- Department of Anatomy and Neurobiology, Boston University School of Medicine, Boston, Massachusetts, USA
| | - Evan L Thacker
- Department of Public Health, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, USA
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13
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Bolouki A. Neurobiological effects of urban built and natural environment on mental health: systematic review. REVIEWS ON ENVIRONMENTAL HEALTH 2023; 38:169-179. [PMID: 35112526 DOI: 10.1515/reveh-2021-0137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 01/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Although rapid global urbanization improves people in many ways, it also increases the prevalence of major mental disorders in urban communities. Exposure to natural surroundings, whether real or virtual, on the other hand, has been found to reduce arousal and stress. The purpose of this study is to provide an overview of the existing literature on how brain function changes when exposed to natural and urban settings. As a highly effective technique for determining human brain activity, this review considers literature using neuroimaging techniques, i.e., electroencephalography (EEG), functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), and functional near-infrared spectroscopy (fNIRS). SCOPUS and PubMed were searched for peer-reviewed literature published prior to September 2021. Twenty-six sources were included, returning 263 papers; 18 empirical articles published from 1991 to 2021 were included in the final synthesis. EEG findings were generally consistent with those obtained from fMRI/NIRS data. Natural settings were linked to greater alpha EEG values and fewer demands on information processing and stronger functional connectivity in fMRI/NIRS studies, which indicate feelings of relaxation and restoration. These findings offer a better understanding of the functional activities during environmental exposures and also imply that nature exposure improves cognitive functions and mental health.
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14
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Hu W, Zhang H, Ni R, Cao Y, Fang W, Chen Y, Pan G. Interaction between the animal-based dietary pattern and green space on cognitive function among Chinese older adults: A prospective cohort study. Int J Hyg Environ Health 2023; 250:114147. [PMID: 36893615 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijheh.2023.114147] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2022] [Revised: 02/26/2023] [Accepted: 02/27/2023] [Indexed: 03/09/2023]
Abstract
Green space is associated with better cognition, while the animal-based dietary pattern can be a risk factor. We aimed to verify the associations and explore their interaction among the elderly. The China Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS) cohort including 17,827 participants was used. The average green space coverage rate was used to measure green space exposure. The animal-based diet index (ADI) was scored based on the non-quantitative frequency questionnaire of ten types of food intake (three types of animal foods and seven types of plant foods). We used the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) to assess cognitive function. The Cox proportional hazard regression was applied to explore the correlations and interactions. In the models, we gradually adjusted for the potential risk factors. Compared with participants living in the area with the lowest green space, those living with the highest were associated with a 20% decrease in the risk of cognitive impairment (hazard ratio (HR): 0.80, 95% CI: 0.73, 0.89). As for ADI, the highest group was related to a 64% increase in the risk of cognitive impairment (HR: 1.64, 95% CI: 1.38, 1.95). The protective effect of the highest green space group on cognitive impairment was more evident among participants with low ADI (HR = 0.72, 95% CI: 0.62, 0.83), compared to those with high ADI. Green space was positively associated with cognition, while the animal-based dietary pattern was a cognitive disadvantage. The animal-based dietary pattern may mitigate the beneficial effects of green space on cognition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan Hu
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Hengchuan Zhang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Ruyu Ni
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Yawen Cao
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Wenbin Fang
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Yingying Chen
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China
| | - Guixia Pan
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, 81 Meishan Road, Hefei, Anhui, 230032, China.
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15
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Chan OF, Liu Y, Guo Y, Lu S, Chui CHK, Ho HC, Song Y, Cheng W, Chiu RLH, Webster C, Lum TYS. Neighborhood built environments and cognition in later life. Aging Ment Health 2023; 27:466-474. [PMID: 35285762 DOI: 10.1080/13607863.2022.2046697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/01/2022]
Abstract
Objectives: Maintaining good cognition is crucial in later life. However, most existing research has focused on individual factors impacting cognition, and few studies have investigated the association between neighborhood built environment and older adults' cognition. This study examined the association between neighborhood built environment and cognition among community-dwelling older adults and identified variations in this association between different age groups in the older population.Methods: Data were derived from a cross-sectional survey of 1873 people aged 65 years and above in Hong Kong. We merged individual data from the survey with neighborhood built environment data based on community auditing and geographical information system. After controlling for individual covariates, we used multivariable linear regression to examine the association between neighborhood built environment and cognition.Results: Residents aged 80 and younger in neighborhoods with a higher land-use mix and more public transport terminals exhibited better cognition. Only the number of community centers in a neighborhood was positively associated with cognition for people older than 80.Conclusion: The built environment creates diverse impacts on different age groups among older adults. Our findings provide useful information for urban planners and policymakers for planning community facilities and built environments that consider the needs of different age groups within the older population.
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Affiliation(s)
- On Fung Chan
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yuqi Liu
- Department of Urban Planning, South China University of Technology, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yingqi Guo
- Department of Rehabilitation Sciences, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | - Shiyu Lu
- Department of Social and Behavioral Sciences, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Cheryl Hiu Kwan Chui
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Hung Chak Ho
- Department of Urban Planning and Design, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yimeng Song
- Department of Land Surveying and Geo-Informatics, The Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong
| | - Wei Cheng
- Department of Urban Planning and Design, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | | | - Chris Webster
- Healthy High Density Cities Lab, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Terry Yat Sang Lum
- Department of Social Work and Social Administration, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
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16
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Wang Y, Jiang Y, Wu W, Xu K, Zhao Q, Tan Z, Liang X, Fan M, Xiao Z, Zheng L, Ding S, Dong Q, Hong Z, Jin L, Chen X, Ding D, Cui M. Education, neighborhood environment, and cognitive decline: Findings from two prospective cohort studies of older adults in China. Alzheimers Dement 2023; 19:560-568. [PMID: 35639636 DOI: 10.1002/alz.12679] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2021] [Revised: 02/17/2022] [Accepted: 03/02/2022] [Indexed: 11/10/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION The impacts of education on cognitive decline across different neighborhood environments (NEs) have rarely been studied. METHODS We investigated and compared the associations between educational attainment and cognitive decline using data of 1286 participants from the Taizhou Imaging Study (TIS) and the Shanghai Aging Study (SAS). RESULTS Compared with low-educated participants, in TIS with disadvantaged NE, high-educated participants manifested a significantly slower decline in global cognition (.062 Z score per year, P < .001), memory (.054 Z score per year, P < .05), and attention (.065 Z score per year, P < .01), whereas in SAS with advanced NE, highly educated individuals exhibited a slower decline only in attention (.028 Z score per year, P < .05). DISCUSSION We observed the additive effect of educational attainment and NE on cognitive decline in older adults. Education is especially important for maintaining cognitive health in a disadvantaged environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingzhe Wang
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Fudan University Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yanfeng Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Fudan University Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wanqing Wu
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Kelin Xu
- Fudan University Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China.,Department of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, and the Key Laboratory of Public Health Safety of Ministry of Education, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qianhua Zhao
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ziyi Tan
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Fudan University Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xiaoniu Liang
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Min Fan
- Taixing Disease Control and Prevention Center, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhenxu Xiao
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Zheng
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Saineng Ding
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Qiang Dong
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhen Hong
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Fudan University Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xingdong Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Human Phenome Institute, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Fudan University Taizhou Institute of Health Sciences, Taizhou, Jiangsu, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Ding Ding
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,National Clinical Research Center for Aging and Medicine, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mei Cui
- Department of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,National Center for Neurological Disorders, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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17
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Zhang G, Wu G, Yang J. The restorative effects of short-term exposure to nature in immersive virtual environments (IVEs) as evidenced by participants' brain activities. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2023; 326:116830. [PMID: 36435136 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.116830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 11/09/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Short-term exposure to nature has excellent potential to be used as a public health intervention measure. Nevertheless, the physiological and psychological mechanisms of this health benefit are still unclear. In this study, we intend to verify the effects of short-term exposure to nature on psychological functioning and to explore the underlying mechanism through experiments conducted in immersive virtual environments (IVEs). Participants were randomly exposed to videos of an urban forest and an indoor environment in IVEs. Before and after the exposure, a participant's self-perceived stress and cognitive performance were measured using the PSS-14 form and the Stroop task, respectively. Their brain activities during the exposure were measured using the electroencephalogram (EEG). The PSS-14 and the Stroop task results confirmed the benefits of stress reduction and cognitive performance improvements from short-term nature exposure. At the same time, rhythmic brain activities during nature exposure indicated better attentional states. The electrodes around the parietal region detected significantly stronger power spectral density of the theta band than other bands. Also, participants showed high functional connectivity among different brain parts during nature exposure, which revealed better cognitive flexibility. The topographic pattern of the differences in functional connectivity overlapped well with the default mode network (DMN)-a "task-negative" network active during the resting state. The overlap indicated a lower cognitive processing load when exposing to nature. Our results support the hypothesis that nature's restorative effects mainly come from effortless processing in natural environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaochao Zhang
- School of Architecture, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210096, China.
| | - Guowei Wu
- CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Jun Yang
- Department of Earth System Science, Institute for Global Change Studies, Ministry of Education Ecological Field Station for East Asian Migratory Birds, Tsinghua University, Beijing, 100084, China.
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18
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Timmermans EJ, Leeuwis AE, Bots ML, van Alphen JL, Biessels GJ, Brunner-La Rocca HP, Kappelle LJ, van Rossum AC, van Osch MJP, Vaartjes I. Neighbourhood walkability in relation to cognitive functioning in patients with disorders along the heart-brain axis. Health Place 2023; 79:102956. [PMID: 36525834 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2022.102956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
This study examined associations of neighbourhood walkability with cognitive functioning (i.e., global cognition, memory, language, attention-psychomotor speed, and executive functioning) in participants without or with either heart failure, carotid occlusive disease, or vascular cognitive impairment. Neighbourhood walkability at baseline was positively associated with global cognition and attention-psychomotor speed. These associations were stronger in patients with vascular cognitive impairment. Individuals who live in residential areas with higher walkability levels were less likely to have impairments in language and executive functioning at two-year follow-up. These findings highlight the importance of the built environment for cognitive functioning in healthy and vulnerable groups.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erik J Timmermans
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands.
| | - Anna E Leeuwis
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Michiel L Bots
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Juliette L van Alphen
- Alzheimer Center Amsterdam, Department of Neurology, Amsterdam Neuroscience, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Geert Jan Biessels
- Department of Neurology, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | | | - L Jaap Kappelle
- Department of Neurology, UMC Utrecht Brain Center, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht, the Netherlands
| | - Albert C van Rossum
- Department of Cardiology, Amsterdam UMC, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Matthias J P van Osch
- C.J. Gorter MRI Center, Department of Radiology, Leiden University Medical Center, Leiden, the Netherlands
| | - Ilonca Vaartjes
- Julius Center for Health Sciences and Primary Care, University Medical Center Utrecht, Utrecht University, Utrecht, the Netherlands
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19
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Lorenzi C, Apoux F, Grinfeder E, Krause B, Miller-Viacava N, Sueur J. Human Auditory Ecology: Extending Hearing Research to the Perception of Natural Soundscapes by Humans in Rapidly Changing Environments. Trends Hear 2023; 27:23312165231212032. [PMID: 37981813 PMCID: PMC10658775 DOI: 10.1177/23312165231212032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2023] [Revised: 10/13/2023] [Accepted: 10/18/2023] [Indexed: 11/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Research in hearing sciences has provided extensive knowledge about how the human auditory system processes speech and assists communication. In contrast, little is known about how this system processes "natural soundscapes," that is the complex arrangements of biological and geophysical sounds shaped by sound propagation through non-anthropogenic habitats [Grinfeder et al. (2022). Frontiers in Ecology and Evolution. 10: 894232]. This is surprising given that, for many species, the capacity to process natural soundscapes determines survival and reproduction through the ability to represent and monitor the immediate environment. Here we propose a framework to encourage research programmes in the field of "human auditory ecology," focusing on the study of human auditory perception of ecological processes at work in natural habitats. Based on large acoustic databases with high ecological validity, these programmes should investigate the extent to which this presumably ancestral monitoring function of the human auditory system is adapted to specific information conveyed by natural soundscapes, whether it operate throughout the life span or whether it emerges through individual learning or cultural transmission. Beyond fundamental knowledge of human hearing, these programmes should yield a better understanding of how normal-hearing and hearing-impaired listeners monitor rural and city green and blue spaces and benefit from them, and whether rehabilitation devices (hearing aids and cochlear implants) restore natural soundscape perception and emotional responses back to normal. Importantly, they should also reveal whether and how humans hear the rapid changes in the environment brought about by human activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christian Lorenzi
- Laboratoire des Systèmes Perceptifs, UMR CNRS 8248, Département d’Etudes Cognitives, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL), Paris, France
| | - Frédéric Apoux
- Laboratoire des Systèmes Perceptifs, UMR CNRS 8248, Département d’Etudes Cognitives, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL), Paris, France
| | - Elie Grinfeder
- Laboratoire des Systèmes Perceptifs, UMR CNRS 8248, Département d’Etudes Cognitives, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL), Paris, France
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Université des Antilles, Paris, France
| | | | - Nicole Miller-Viacava
- Laboratoire des Systèmes Perceptifs, UMR CNRS 8248, Département d’Etudes Cognitives, Ecole Normale Supérieure, Université Paris Sciences et Lettres (PSL), Paris, France
| | - Jérôme Sueur
- Institut de Systématique, Évolution, Biodiversité (ISYEB), Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, CNRS, Sorbonne Université, EPHE, Université des Antilles, Paris, France
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20
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Peterson RL, Gilsanz P, Lor Y, George KM, Ko M, Wagner J, Soh Y, Meyer OL, Glymour MM, Whitmer RA. Rural residence across the life course and late-life cognitive decline in KHANDLE: A causal inference study. ALZHEIMER'S & DEMENTIA (AMSTERDAM, NETHERLANDS) 2023; 15:e12399. [PMID: 36762299 PMCID: PMC9896964 DOI: 10.1002/dad2.12399] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2022] [Revised: 11/01/2022] [Accepted: 01/03/2023] [Indexed: 02/05/2023]
Abstract
Background Modifiable risks for dementia are more prevalent in rural populations, yet there is a dearth of research examining life course rural residence on late-life cognitive decline. Methods The association of rural residence and socioeconomic status (SES) in childhood and adulthood with late-life cognitive domains (verbal episodic memory, executive function, and semantic memory) and cognitive decline in the Kaiser Healthy Aging and Diverse Life Experiences cohort was estimated using marginal structural models with stabilized inverse probability weights. Results After adjusting for time-varying SES, the estimated marginal effect of rural residence in childhood was harmful for both executive function (β = -0.19, 95% confidence interval [CI] = -0.32, -0.06) and verbal episodic memory (β = -0.22, 95% CI = -0.35, -0.08). Effects of adult rural residence were imprecisely estimated with beneficial point estimates for both executive function (β = 0.19; 95% CI = -0.07, 0.44) and verbal episodic memory (β = 0.24, 95% CI = -0.07, 0.55). Conclusions Childhood rurality is associated with poorer late-life cognition independent of SES.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rachel L. Peterson
- School of Public and Community Health SciencesUniversity of MontanaMissoulaMontanaUSA
| | - Paola Gilsanz
- Division of ResearchKaiser Permanente Northern CaliforniaOaklandCaliforniaUSA
| | - Yi Lor
- Department of Public Health SciencesUniversity of California DavisDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Kristen M. George
- Department of Public Health SciencesUniversity of California DavisDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Michelle Ko
- Department of Public Health SciencesUniversity of California DavisDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Jenny Wagner
- Department of Public Health SciencesUniversity of California DavisDavisCaliforniaUSA
| | - Yenee Soh
- Division of ResearchKaiser Permanente Northern CaliforniaOaklandCaliforniaUSA
| | - Oanh L. Meyer
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of California DavisSacramentoCaliforniaUSA
| | - M. Maria Glymour
- Department of Epidemiology and BiostatisticsUniversity of California San FranciscoSan FranciscoCaliforniaUSA
| | - Rachel A. Whitmer
- Department of Public Health SciencesUniversity of California DavisDavisCaliforniaUSA
- Department of NeurologyUniversity of California DavisSacramentoCaliforniaUSA
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21
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Senkler B, Freymueller J, Lopez Lumbi S, Hornberg C, Schmid HL, Hennig-Fast K, Horstmann G, Mc Call T. Urbanicity-Perspectives from Neuroscience and Public Health: A Scoping Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 20:688. [PMID: 36613008 PMCID: PMC9819040 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph20010688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2022] [Revised: 12/20/2022] [Accepted: 12/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/17/2023]
Abstract
Urban residency is associated with exposure to environmental factors, which can influence health in many ways. Neuroscientific research, as well as Public Health research, aim towards broadening evidence in the field of Urban Health. However, it is unclear whether the association between urban living and mental illnesses is causal rather than explainable by other selective effects. This review seeks to gather information on the current evidence regarding urban living and neurological outcomes to demonstrate how Public Health and Neuroscience could complement each other in the field of Urban Health. A scoping review was conducted in four electronic databases according to the PRISMA-statement guidelines. 25 empirical studies were included. Outcomes such as schizophrenia and psychotic disorders, social and cognitive functioning were scrutinised. Evidence was found for alteration of brain functioning and brain structure. Most studies researching cognitive functioning or cognitive decline displayed possible protective effects of urban living compared to rural living. The different study designs in Public Health and Neuroscience could profit from each other. Although the comparability of studies is limited by the inconsistent assessments of urbanity. Synergies and potentials to combine aspects of Public Health and Neuroscience in the field of Urban Health to improve population health became apparent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ben Senkler
- Sustainable Environmental Health Sciences, Medical School OWL, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Julius Freymueller
- Sustainable Environmental Health Sciences, Medical School OWL, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Susanne Lopez Lumbi
- Sustainable Environmental Health Sciences, Medical School OWL, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Claudia Hornberg
- Sustainable Environmental Health Sciences, Medical School OWL, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Hannah-Lea Schmid
- Sustainable Environmental Health Sciences, Medical School OWL, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Kristina Hennig-Fast
- Psychotherapy and Psychosomatics, Department Psychiatry, Medical School OWL, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Gernot Horstmann
- Neurocognitive Psychology, Department Psychology, Faculty of Psychology and Sport Science, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
| | - Timothy Mc Call
- Sustainable Environmental Health Sciences, Medical School OWL, Bielefeld University, 33615 Bielefeld, Germany
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22
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Siqueira Junior JDA, Lopes AADS, Godtsfriedt CES, Justina MDD, Paiva KMD, d’Orsi E, Rech CR. Neighbourhood walkability and mental health in older adults: A cross-sectional analysis from EpiFloripa Aging Study. FRONTIERS IN AGING 2022; 3:915292. [DOI: 10.3389/fragi.2022.915292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
This study aims to analyse the association between walkability index and depressive symptoms and cognitive impairment and test the mediating role of moderate-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in this relationship among older adults from Florianópolis, Brazil. This is cross-sectional research with data from the third wave of the EpiFloripa Aging cohort study, conducted in 2017–2019. Depressive symptoms were assessed using the short version of the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS), and cognitive impairment, using the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) scales. The neighbourhood environment was assessed using a walkability index, which considered 500-m network buffers around the participants’ homes. Binary logistic regression analysis the association between the walkability index (quartile) and mental health outcomes (yes vs. no). Structural equation modelling evaluated the mediation between the walkability index and cognitive impairment by MVPA with an estimator of dichotomous variables. 1,162 people participated in the study (61.5% women, average age = 73.1). Older adults residing in places with a high and highest walkability index were 38% and 44% less likely to have cognitive impairment, respective. There was no association between depressive symptoms and walkability index in crude nor adjusted analysis. Engaging in MVPA had a partial but not significant effect (14%; p = 0.087), showing a tendency for this relationship to be partially explained by the greater engagement in physical activities in places with greater walkability. Policy planning to prevent and reduce the risks of cognitive impairment should consider factors of the physical environment as determinants in older adults.
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23
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Ricciardi E, Spano G, Lopez A, Tinella L, Clemente C, Elia G, Dadvand P, Sanesi G, Bosco A, Caffò AO. Long-Term Exposure to Greenspace and Cognitive Function during the Lifespan: A Systematic Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2022; 19:ijerph191811700. [PMID: 36141977 PMCID: PMC9517665 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph191811700] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2022] [Revised: 09/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Recent advances in environmental psychology highlighted the beneficial role of greenspace exposure on cognition. We conducted a systematic review of the available studies on the association of long-term exposure to greenspace and cognitive functions across the lifespan. PRISMA guidelines and the PECOs method were applied to screen for eligible studies. Twenty-five studies from Scopus, PubMed, and PsycINFO met the inclusion criteria. Six studies were longitudinal and nineteen cross-sectional. Fifteen studies focused on schoolchildren, six studies on adults, and four on the elderly. Twenty studies used the NDVI to assess greenspace exposure and the remaining used other indexes. Eight studies employed academic achievement as the outcome, eight studies global cognition, six studies attention/executive functions, and three studies memory. The evidence was inconsistent but suggestive for a beneficial role of greenspace exposure on cognitive functions. Further studies are required, especially among adults and older people, by adopting longitudinal designs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elisabetta Ricciardi
- Department of Educational Sciences, Psychology, Communication, University of Studies of Bari, 70122 Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Spano
- Department of Educational Sciences, Psychology, Communication, University of Studies of Bari, 70122 Bari, Italy
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Studies of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Antonella Lopez
- Department of Educational Sciences, Psychology, Communication, University of Studies of Bari, 70122 Bari, Italy
- Faculty of Law, Giustino Fortunato University, 82100 Benevento, Italy
| | - Luigi Tinella
- Department of Educational Sciences, Psychology, Communication, University of Studies of Bari, 70122 Bari, Italy
| | - Carmine Clemente
- Department of Educational Sciences, Psychology, Communication, University of Studies of Bari, 70122 Bari, Italy
| | - Giuseppe Elia
- Department of Educational Sciences, Psychology, Communication, University of Studies of Bari, 70122 Bari, Italy
| | - Payam Dadvand
- Barcelona Institute for Global Health, 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- Universitat Pompeu Fabra (UPF), 08003 Barcelona, Spain
- CIBER Epidemiologíay Salud Publica (CIBERESP), 28029 Madrid, Spain
| | - Giovanni Sanesi
- Department of Agricultural and Environmental Sciences, University of Studies of Bari, 70126 Bari, Italy
| | - Andrea Bosco
- Department of Educational Sciences, Psychology, Communication, University of Studies of Bari, 70122 Bari, Italy
| | - Alessandro Oronzo Caffò
- Department of Educational Sciences, Psychology, Communication, University of Studies of Bari, 70122 Bari, Italy
- Correspondence:
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24
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Finlay J, Esposito M, Langa KM, Judd S, Clarke P. Cognability: An Ecological Theory of neighborhoods and cognitive aging. Soc Sci Med 2022; 309:115220. [PMID: 35926362 PMCID: PMC9661364 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2022.115220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Revised: 05/19/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
While a growing body of evidence points to potentially modifiable individual risk factors for dementia, the built and social environments in which people develop and navigate cognitive decline are largely overlooked. This paper proposes a new theoretical concept, Cognability, to conceptualize how supportive an area is to cognitive health among aging residents. Cognability incorporates a constellation of both positive and negative neighborhood features related to physical activity, social interaction and cognitive stimulation in later life. We analyzed data from the REasons for Geographic And Racial Differences in Stroke Study, a national sample of older Black and white adults in the United States (n = 21,151; mean age at assessment = 67; data collected 2006-2017). Generalized additive multilevel models examined how cognitive function varied by neighborhood features. Access to civic and social organizations, recreation centers, fast-food and coffee establishments, arts centers, museums, and highways were significantly associated with cognitive function. Race-, gender-, and education-specific models did not yield substantial improvements to the full-model. Our results suggest that the unequal distribution of amenities and hazards across neighborhoods may help account for considerable inequities observed in cognitive health among older adults. Cognability advances ecological theories of aging through an innovative "whole neighborhood" approach. It aims to identify which specific neighborhood features are most protective of cognitive health among aging adults to inform upstream public health initiatives, community interventions, and policy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jessica Finlay
- Social Environment and Health Program, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, 426 Thompson Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48104, United States; Center for Social Epidemiology and Population Health, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States.
| | - Michael Esposito
- Department of Sociology, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO, 63130, United States
| | - Kenneth M Langa
- Department of Internal Medicine, Division of General Medicine, 2800 Plymouth Road, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States
| | - Suzanne Judd
- School of Public Health, University of Alabama at Birmingham, 1665 University Blvd, Birmingham, AL, 35233, United States
| | - Philippa Clarke
- Social Environment and Health Program, Institute for Social Research, University of Michigan, 426 Thompson Street, Ann Arbor, MI, 48104, United States; Center for Social Epidemiology and Population Health, Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, 1415 Washington Heights, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, United States
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25
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Kim J, Lee J, Park J, Kim H, Yoo I. The Impact of Physical Environment on the Cognitive Function of the Elderly: A Scoping Review of Cohort Studies. HOME HEALTH CARE MANAGEMENT AND PRACTICE 2022. [DOI: 10.1177/10848223211058826] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
This review examined whether the physical environment can change the cognitive function of the elderly and categorized the specific environmental types. Four databases, CINAHL, Embase, PubMed, and PsycINFO, were searched for relevant literature published as of December 2020. The framework used was proposed by Arksey and O’Malley, which includes a 5-stage review process. A total of 12 studies were examined. The physical environments with similar characteristics, among all the environmental elements, were grouped together into 4 categories: residential density and road connectivity, limited living space, urban/rural, and care facilities. Residential density and road connectivity, limited living space, and care facilities were found to have a significant effect on the cognitive function of the elderly. However, there was no significant effect on the cognitive function of the elderly when comparing the urban and rural environments. Although studies on environments that affect the cognitive function of the elderly are still ongoing, the ones analyzing specific environments in detail are insufficient. With the increasing importance of the role played by the environment in the cognitive impairment of the elderly, detailed studies on specific environments among the various environmental factors surrounding the elderly, such as this study, should be conducted more actively.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jihye Kim
- Jeonju University, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jiyeong Lee
- Jeonju University, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Jihye Park
- Jeonju University, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Hakseong Kim
- Jeonju University, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
| | - Ingyu Yoo
- Jeonju University, Jeonju-si, Jeollabuk-do, Republic of Korea
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26
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Shaw S, Jana A, Kundu S. An analytical pathway of consumption expenditure with neighborhood deprivation and depression on cognitive health among elderly in India: A moderated mediation approach. J Affect Disord 2022; 308:249-258. [PMID: 35429519 DOI: 10.1016/j.jad.2022.04.060] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2021] [Revised: 01/22/2022] [Accepted: 04/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND This study aims to find the linkage between neighborhood deprivation and cognition with depression as a mediating factor while economic condition as a moderator. METHODS We have used the recent baseline wave-1 data of Longitudinal Aging Study in India (LASI), 2017-2018. The study was restricted to 60 and above population, consisting of males (14,931) and females (16,533). We have used moderated mediating model to understand the relationship between deprivation (X), cognition (Y) mediated through depression (M), moderated by economic condition (W), while controlling all possible confounders. RESULTS Neighborhood deprivation was positively associated with depression (β: 0.12; SE: 0.01) and inversely linked to cognition (β: -0.4; SE: 0.02). Deprivation had a strong indirect effect on cognition that was mediated by depression. Further, interaction of depression (M) and economic condition (W) was negatively associated (β = -0.03; SE: 0.01) with cognition (Y), indicating that lower economic section being more depressed with lower cognitive function. LIMITATIONS The study failed to capture other mental health aspects like stress and anxiety using the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale-21 items (DASS-21). CONCLUSIONS This study has found a link between higher economic condition with low deprivation and depression. Older individuals with better financial situation have improved cognitive level than their counterparts, who are also depressed. This study provides an opportunity to conduct future research on cognitive health in the face of population aging in India.
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Affiliation(s)
- Subhojit Shaw
- Department of Population and Development, International Institute for Population Sciences, Deonar, Mumbai 400088, India
| | - Arup Jana
- Department of Population and Development, International Institute for Population Sciences, Deonar, Mumbai 400088, India
| | - Sampurna Kundu
- Center of Social Medicine and Community Health, Jawaharlal Nehru University, Delhi 110067, India.
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27
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Smyth N, Thorn L, Wood C, Hall D, Lister C. Increased Wellbeing following Engagement in a Group Nature-Based Programme: The Green Gym Programme Delivered by the Conservation Volunteers. Healthcare (Basel) 2022; 10:healthcare10060978. [PMID: 35742030 PMCID: PMC9222393 DOI: 10.3390/healthcare10060978] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2022] [Revised: 05/05/2022] [Accepted: 05/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/04/2022] Open
Abstract
The wellbeing benefits of engaging in a nature-based programme, delivered by the Voluntary, Community and Social Enterprise sector, were examined in this study. Prior to attending The Conservation Volunteers’ Green Gym™, attendees (n = 892) completed demographics, health characteristics and the Warwick Edinburgh Mental Wellbeing Short-Form Scale. Attendees (n = 253, 28.4%) provided a measure on average 4.5 months later. There were significant increases in wellbeing after engaging in Green Gym, with the greatest increases in those who had the lowest starting levels of wellbeing. Wellbeing increases were sustained on average 8.5 months and 13 months later in those providing a follow up measure (n = 92, n = 40, respectively). Attendees who continued to engage in Green Gym but not provide follow up data (n = 318, 35.7%) tended to be more deprived, female and self-report a health condition. Attendees who did not continue to engage in Green Gym (n = 321, 36.0%) tended to be less deprived and younger. These findings provide evidence of the wellbeing benefits of community nature-based activities and social (‘green’) prescribing initiatives and indicate that Green Gym targets some groups most in need.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nina Smyth
- School of Social Sciences, Psychology, University of Westminster, London W1W 6UW, UK;
- Correspondence:
| | - Lisa Thorn
- School of Social Sciences, Psychology, University of Westminster, London W1W 6UW, UK;
| | - Carly Wood
- School of Sport, Rehabilitation and Exercise Sciences, University of Essex, Colchester CO4 3SQ, UK;
| | - Dominic Hall
- The Conservation Volunteers, Doncaster DN4 8DB, UK;
| | - Craig Lister
- Bedfordshire, Luton and Milton Keynes Integrated Care System, Luton LU1 2LJ, UK;
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28
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Zhang L, Luo Y, Zhang Y, Pan X, Zhao D, Wang Q. Green Space, Air Pollution, Weather, and Cognitive Function in Middle and Old Age in China. Front Public Health 2022; 10:871104. [PMID: 35586008 PMCID: PMC9108722 DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2022.871104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 03/09/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Prior research has shown that environmental hazards, such as limited green space, air pollution, and harmful weather, have the strong adverse impact on older adults' cognitive function; however, most of the studies were conducted in developed countries and limited to cross-sectional analyses. China has the largest aging population in the world so the research evidence from it can offer an insight to the study in other developing countries facing similar issues and inform future public health policy and disease control. This study examined the long-term impact of environmental factors, namely, green space coverage, air pollution, and weather conditions on cognitive function using a nationally representative sample consisting of adults aged 45 years and older selected from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study (CHARLS 2011–2018), the China City Statistical Yearbook, and other sources. Multilevel growth curve models were utilized for analysis and the mediator effects of physical activity and social engagement on the relationship between environmental factors and cognitive function were examined. Findings of this study showed that after controlling for sociodemographic characteristics, annual precipitation of 80 cm or more, living in areas with July temperature of 28°C or higher, urban community, and green space coverage were positively associated with cognition score at the baseline and lower precipitation, urban community, and greater green space coverage were associated with slower cognitive decline over a 7-year period. The impact of gross domestic product (GDP) seemed to take into effect more and more over time. These effects did not substantially change after weekly total hours of physical activities and levels of social engagement were added. More research on the mechanisms of the effect of environmental factors on cognition is needed such as the subgroup analyses and/or with more aspects of environmental measures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lingling Zhang
- Department of Nursing, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Ye Luo
- Department of Sociology, Anthropology and Criminal Justice, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
- *Correspondence: Ye Luo
| | - Yao Zhang
- Department of Nursing, University of Massachusetts Boston, Boston, MA, United States
| | - Xi Pan
- Department of Sociology, Texas State University, San Marcos, TX, United States
| | - Dandan Zhao
- Department of Sociology, Anthropology and Criminal Justice, Clemson University, Clemson, SC, United States
| | - Qing Wang
- Department of Biostatistics, Shandong University, Jinan, China
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29
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Neighborhood resources associated with frailty trajectories over time among community-dwelling older adults in China. Health Place 2022; 74:102738. [DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2021.102738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2021] [Revised: 12/09/2021] [Accepted: 12/16/2021] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
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30
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Hirst RJ, Cassarino M, Kenny RA, Newell FN, Setti A. Urban and rural environments differentially shape multisensory perception in ageing. NEUROPSYCHOLOGY, DEVELOPMENT, AND COGNITION. SECTION B, AGING, NEUROPSYCHOLOGY AND COGNITION 2022; 29:197-212. [PMID: 33427038 DOI: 10.1080/13825585.2020.1859084] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Recent studies suggest that the lived environment can affect cognition across the lifespan. We examined, in a large cohort of older adults (n = 3447), whether susceptibility to a multisensory illusion, the Sound-Induced Flash Illusion (SIFI), was influenced by the reported urbanity of current and childhood (at age 14 years) residence. If urban environments help to shape healthy perceptual function, we predicted reduced SIFI susceptibility in urban dwellers. Participants reporting urban, compared with rural, childhood residence were less susceptible to SIFI at longer Stimulus-Onset Asynchronies (SOAs). Those currently residing in urban environments were more susceptible to SIFI at longer SOAs, particularly if they scored low on general cognitive function. These findings held even when controlling for a several covariates, such as age, sex, education, social participation and cognitive ability. Exposure to urban environments in childhood may influence individual differences in perception and offer a multisensory perceptual benefit in older age.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rebecca J Hirst
- School of Psychology and Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Marica Cassarino
- School of Applied Psychology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
| | - Rose Anne Kenny
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Mercer Institute for Successful Ageing, St. James Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Fiona N Newell
- School of Psychology and Institute of Neuroscience, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Annalisa Setti
- The Irish Longitudinal Study on Ageing, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,School of Applied Psychology, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
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31
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Loued-Khenissi L, Trofimova O, Vollenweider P, Marques-Vidal P, Preisig M, Lutti A, Kliegel M, Sandi C, Kherif F, Stringhini S, Draganski B. Signatures of life course socioeconomic conditions in brain anatomy. Hum Brain Mapp 2022; 43:2582-2606. [PMID: 35195323 PMCID: PMC9057097 DOI: 10.1002/hbm.25807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2021] [Revised: 01/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Socioeconomic status (SES) plays a significant role in health and disease. At the same time, early-life conditions affect neural function and structure, suggesting the brain may be a conduit for the biological embedding of SES. Here, we investigate the brain anatomy signatures of SES in a large-scale population cohort aged 45-85 years. We assess both gray matter morphometry and tissue properties indicative of myelin content. Higher life course SES is associated with increased volume in several brain regions, including postcentral and temporal gyri, cuneus, and cerebellum. We observe more widespread volume differences and higher myelin content in the sensorimotor network but lower myelin content in the temporal lobe associated with childhood SES. Crucially, childhood SES differences persisted in adult brains even after controlling for adult SES, highlighting the unique contribution of early-life conditions to brain anatomy, independent of later changes in SES. These findings inform on the biological underpinnings of social inequality, particularly as they pertain to early-life conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Leyla Loued-Khenissi
- Laboratory for Research in Neuroimaging, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne.,Theory of Pain Laboratory, University of Geneva, Geneva
| | - Olga Trofimova
- Laboratory for Research in Neuroimaging, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne
| | - Peter Vollenweider
- Department of medicine, Internal medicine, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Pedro Marques-Vidal
- Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Martin Preisig
- Department of Psychiatry, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Antoine Lutti
- Laboratory for Research in Neuroimaging, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne
| | - Matthias Kliegel
- Laboratoire du Vieillissement Cognitif, Université de Genève, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Carmen Sandi
- Laboratory of Behavioral Genetics, Ecole Polytechnique Federale de Lausanne (EPFL), Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Ferhat Kherif
- Laboratory for Research in Neuroimaging, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne
| | - Silvia Stringhini
- University Centre for General Medicine and Public Health (UNISANTE), Lausanne University, Lausanne, Switzerland.,Unit of Population Epidemiology, Primary Care Division, Geneva University Hospitals, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Bogdan Draganski
- Laboratory for Research in Neuroimaging, Department of Clinical Neuroscience, Lausanne University Hospital and University of Lausanne, Lausanne.,Neurology Department, Max Planck Institute for Human Cognitive and Brain Sciences, Leipzig, Germany
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32
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Amano T, Park S, Morrow-Howell N, Carpenter B. The Association Between Patterns of Social Engagement and Conversion From Mild Cognitive Impairment to Dementia: Evidence From the Health and Retirement Study. Alzheimer Dis Assoc Disord 2022; 36:7-14. [PMID: 34984994 DOI: 10.1097/wad.0000000000000486] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVES This study examined the association between patterns of social engagement and conversion from cognitive impairment, no dementia (CIND) to dementia. It also tested whether social engagement is associated with conversion independently from physical and cognitive engagements. METHOD Data from 2 waves (2010 and 2014) of the Health and Retirement Study (HRS) were used. The sample consisted of 1227 people who had CIND in 2010. To identify the heterogeneity of social engagement, latent class analysis was utilized. Multinomial logistic regression analysis was utilized to investigate the association between patterns of social engagement and probability of conversion to dementia and death or dropout. RESULTS The result showed that patterns of social engagement that represent higher level and more variety of social engagement were associated with lower probabilities of conversion to dementia in 4 years but not with probabilities of death or dropout. The relationship held after controlling for physical and cognitive engagements. DISCUSSION Findings implied that promoting social engagement may be protective against developing dementia even for the high-risk group of people with CIND. Future studies should investigate the mechanism behind the relationship between patterns of social engagement and lower probabilities of conversion to dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Takashi Amano
- Department of Social Work, School of Arts and Sciences, Rutgers University-Newark, Newar, NJ
| | | | | | - Brian Carpenter
- Department of Psychological and Brain Sciences, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO
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Wong PH, Kourtit K, Nijkamp P. The ideal neighbourhoods of successful ageing: A machine learning approach. Health Place 2021; 72:102704. [PMID: 34758442 DOI: 10.1016/j.healthplace.2021.102704] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/29/2021] [Revised: 09/24/2021] [Accepted: 10/24/2021] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
Ageing outcomes are shaped by not only health conditions, but also their interactions with the external environment. While the effects of some specific neighbourhood characteristics such as rurality on ageing have been evaluated in various studies, we still know little about the relative importance of particular natural and urban environments and how the impact varies at different stages of the ageing process. This article addresses these knowledge gaps by analysing survey data from 33 European countries using a machine learning method called multivariate regression trees (MRT). Multiple wellbeing indicators are combined to form an ageing profile for each individual in the survey. After studying these profiles using MRT, we find that generally the affordability of health facilities is a major determinant of life satisfaction, self-rated health condition and mental wellbeing for individuals in most age groups. Other important but age-specific determinants are neighbourhood safety and accessibility to cultural facilities and to green areas. In contrast, characteristics such as urbanity, transportation and air quality do not significantly influence ageing outcomes. Our findings lend support to the resources theory in explaining ageing outcomes and suggest that more resources may have to be directed to improve the affordability and quality of health care services, the policing services and the accessibility to cultural and green areas in order to achieve more favourable ageing outcomes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pui-Hang Wong
- Maastricht University and UNU-MERIT, Boschstraat 24, 6211 AX Maastricht, the Netherlands.
| | - Karima Kourtit
- Open University, Heerlen, the Netherlands; Alexandru Ioan Cuza' University of Iași, Iași, Romania; Polytechnic University (UM6P), Ben Guerir, Morocco
| | - Peter Nijkamp
- Open University, Heerlen, the Netherlands; Alexandru Ioan Cuza' University of Iași, Iași, Romania; Polytechnic University (UM6P), Ben Guerir, Morocco; Adam Mickiewicz University, Poznan, Poland
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34
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Chen X, Lee C, Huang H. Neighborhood built environment associated with cognition and dementia risk among older adults: A systematic literature review. Soc Sci Med 2021; 292:114560. [PMID: 34776284 DOI: 10.1016/j.socscimed.2021.114560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 11/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/06/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Cognitive impairment associated with aging is a serious and growing public health problem. This systematic literature review contributes to better understanding the current state of knowledge on the roles of neighborhood environments in supporting cognitive health in later life. Literature search was carried out in 2020 using the seven databases most relevant to the topic. This review was restricted to peer-reviewed observational and quantitative studies that focused on 1) community-dwelling older adults as target populations; 2) neighborhood built environments as independent variables; and 3) cognition or dementia as outcome variables. Thirty-seven studies published between 1989 and 2020 met the inclusion criteria. The neighborhood built environment domains covered in these included urbanity/rurality, land use, neighborhood physical disorder, transportation infrastructure, urban design, and urban nature. Neighborhood resources and green space exposure were most frequently studied and linked to cognition-related outcomes. Neighborhood built environment was shown to be more pertinent to older adults' global cognition, memory, and dementia. Physical activity showed a mediating role between neighborhood built environment and cognition. The effect of neighborhood built environment on cognitive function was stronger among older women and those with disabilities or lower socioeconomic status. Evidence on the relationship between neighborhood built environment and cognition/dementia among older adults is moderate. Our findings highlight the need for more standardized and longitudinal measures of neighborhood built environment and high-sensitivity cognitive tests that capture the specific and relevant domains of cognition, to facilitate further exploration of the mediating and moderating effects of neighborhood built environment with cognition/dementia in older adults. This review offers insights for future research and policy efforts toward creating communities to support cognitive health and aging in place.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Chen
- Department of Landscape Architecture and Urban Planning, College of Architecture, Texas A&M University, 3137 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843 3137, USA.
| | - Chanam Lee
- Department of Landscape Architecture and Urban Planning, College of Architecture, Texas A&M University, 3137 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843 3137, USA
| | - Hao Huang
- Department of Architecture, College of Architecture, Texas A&M University, 3137 TAMU, College Station, TX, 77843 3137, USA
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35
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Sumner RC, Cassarino M, Dockray S, Setti A, Crone DM. Moving towards a multidimensional dynamic approach to nature and health: A bioavailability perspective. PEOPLE AND NATURE 2021. [DOI: 10.1002/pan3.10266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Rachel C. Sumner
- HERA Lab School of Natural & Social Sciences University of Gloucestershire Cheltenham UK
| | - Marica Cassarino
- School of Applied Psychology University College Cork Cork Republic of Ireland
| | - Samantha Dockray
- School of Applied Psychology University College Cork Cork Republic of Ireland
| | - Annalisa Setti
- School of Applied Psychology University College Cork Cork Republic of Ireland
| | - Diane M. Crone
- Centre for Health, Activity and Wellbeing Research Cardiff School of Sport & Health Sciences Cardiff Metropolitan University Cardiff UK
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36
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Envisioning Happy Places for All: A Systematic Review of the Impact of Transformations in the Urban Environment on the Wellbeing of Vulnerable Groups. SUSTAINABILITY 2021. [DOI: 10.3390/su13148086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Urban planning and design can impact mental health, but it is unclear how ever-growing and changing cities can sustain the psychological wellbeing of vulnerable groups, who are among the most mentally sensitive to spatial inequalities. This systematic review synthesised quantitative and qualitative studies on urban design interventions and their impact on wellbeing in vulnerable groups. Using the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-analyses (PRISMA) guidelines, we searched five online databases from inception to May 2020. A total of 10 papers were included. We found mixed evidence of benefits for wellbeing linked to urban regeneration projects or focused interventions (green spaces, transport, security). Interventions that were centred around participation, sustainable living, and quality of design (e.g., perceived sense of safety) were associated with increased residential satisfaction and wellbeing, particularly among low-income communities and women. Risk of bias was low to medium, but there was high methodological heterogeneity; studies were mainly from Western countries, and none of the included studies investigated the experiences of people with disabilities, migrants, or racial minorities. This review highlights the importance of inclusive and sustainable design interventions to create happy places for all strata of society, although further investigation is warranted.
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Liu CC, Liu CH, Sun Y, Lee HJ, Tang LY, Chiu MJ. Rural-urban disparities in the prevalence of mild cognitive impairment and dementia in Taiwan: A door-to-door nationwide study. J Epidemiol 2021; 32:502-509. [PMID: 33840652 DOI: 10.2188/jea.je20200602] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Screening or diagnosis for the elderly with dementia in rural regions might be delayed and underestimated due to limited utilization of healthcare resources. This study aimed to evaluate the disparities of prevalence and risk factors of mild cognitive impairment (MCI) and dementia between urban and rural residence. METHODS In this nationwide door-to-door survey, 10,432 participants aged 65 years and more were selected by computerized random sampling from all administrative districts in Taiwan and were assessed by an in-person interview. We calculated the prevalence of MCI and dementia with their risk factors examined by multivariable logistic regression. RESULTS The prevalence of dementia in rural, suburban, and urban areas among the elderly was 8.69% (95% CI, 8.68-8.69), 6.63% (95% CI, 6.62-6.63), and 4.46% (95% CI, 4.46-4.47), respectively. A similar rural-suburban-urban gradient relationship on the dementia prevalence was observed in any age and sex group. The rural/urban ratio was higher in women than in men for both MCI and dementia. Urbanization remained to be an independent factor for both MCI and dementia after adjustment for age, gender, education, lifestyle, and health status. The beneficial effects of exercise on dementia were more evident in rural areas than in urban ones. CONCLUSIONS Significantly higher prevalence of MCI and dementia were found in rural areas than in urban ones, especially for women. The odds of risk factors for MCI and dementia varied between urbanization statuses. Focus on the rural-urban inequality and the modification of associated factors specifically for different urbanization levels are needed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chih-Ching Liu
- Department of Healthcare Administration, College of Medical and Health Science, Asia University
| | - Chien-Hui Liu
- School of Nursing, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University
| | - Yu Sun
- Department of Neurology, En Chu Kong Hospital
| | | | | | - Ming-Jang Chiu
- Department of Neurology, National Taiwan University Hospital, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University.,Graduate Institute of Brain and Mind Sciences, College of Medicine, National Taiwan University.,Graduate Institute of Psychology, College of Science, National Taiwan University.,Graduate Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics; National Taiwan University
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38
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Zhang X, Liu JY, Liao WJ, Chen XP. Differential Effects of Physical and Social Enriched Environment on Angiogenesis in Male Rats After Cerebral Ischemia/Reperfusion Injury. Front Hum Neurosci 2021; 15:622911. [PMID: 33841116 PMCID: PMC8032869 DOI: 10.3389/fnhum.2021.622911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Different housing conditions, including housing space and the physiological and social environment, may affect rodent behavior. Here, we examined the effects of different housing conditions on post-stroke angiogenesis and functional recovery to clarify the ambiguity about environmental enrichment and its components. Male rats in the model groups underwent right middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) followed by reperfusion. The MCAO rats were divided into four groups: the physical enrichment (PE) group, the social enrichment (SE) group, the combined physical and social enrichment (PSE) group and the ischemia/reperfusion + standard conditioning (IS) group. The rats in the sham surgery (SS) group were housed under standard conditions. In a set of behavioral tests, including the modified Neurological Severity Score (mNSS), rotarod test, and adhesive removal test, we demonstrated that the animals in the enriched condition groups exhibited significantly improved neurological functions compared to those in the standard housing group. Smaller infarction volumes were observed in the animals of the PSE group by MRI detection. The enriched conditions increased the microvessel density (MVD) in the ischemic boundary zone, as revealed by CD31 immunofluorescent staining. The immunochemical and q-PCR results further showed that environmental enrichment increased the expression levels of angiogenic factors after ischemia/reperfusion injury. Our data suggest that all three enrichment conditions promoted enhanced angiogenesis and functional recovery after ischemia/reperfusion injury compared to the standard housing, while only exposure to the combination of both physical and social enrichment yielded optimal benefits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Jing-Ying Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Wei-Jing Liao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Xiu-Ping Chen
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, The first Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Nanchang, China
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39
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Deng Q, Liu W. Inequalities in cognitive impairment among older adults in China and the associated social determinants: a decomposition approach. Int J Equity Health 2021; 20:82. [PMID: 33741012 PMCID: PMC7980641 DOI: 10.1186/s12939-021-01422-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2020] [Accepted: 03/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Despite there is growing evidence focusing on health inequalities in China, socioeconomic inequalities in cognitive impairment among older adults have received little attention. This study aims to measure socioeconomic inequalities in cognitive impairment among Chinese older adults, and determine the contributing social factors to the inequalities. Methods A cross-sectional analysis was performed using data from the 2018 Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey (CLHLS). A total of 10,556 older adults aged 65 and over were included in the study. The prevalence of cognitive impairment was measured by using the Chinese version of the Mini-Mental State Examination. The socioeconomic inequalities in cognitive impairment were illustrated and quantified by the concentration curve and normalized concentration index. Multivariate logistic regression was conducted to identify the associated factors of cognitive impairment. And decomposition analysis was further applied to decompose the contribution of each determinant to the observed inequalities in cognitive impairment. Results The study indicated that the prevalence of cognitive impairment among Chinese older adults was 18.95%. The overall concentration index for cognitive impairment was − 0.046, which suggested a higher concentration of cognitive impairment among socioeconomically disadvantaged older adults. The results showed the prevalence of cognitive impairment was associated with sex, age, marital status, education level, occupation, economic status, emotional support, financial support, living arrangement, and participation in informal activities. Decomposition results further revealed the contributions of the determinants to the inequalities in cognitive impairment. Specifically, age (131.61%), marital status (85.68%), emotional support (84.85%), education level (39.73%), occupation (21.24%), sex (17.25%), financial support (− 4.19%), economic status (1.02%), living arrangement (0.88%), and informal activities (0.30%) have varying degrees of contributions to the inequality in cognitive impairment. Conclusion This study sheds light on the pro-rich inequality in cognitive impairment among older adults in China. It suggests that policymakers should pay more attention to older adults who are female, old-old, widowed, illiterate, economically disadvantaged, with no social support, and less socially involved. Also, more targeted interventions should be undertaken to improve the socioeconomic conditions of these vulnerable individuals and strengthen their ability to cope with the risk of cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qingwen Deng
- School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Room 108 in the Building for School of Public Health, No. 1 Xuefubei Road, Minhou District, Fuzhou, 350122, China
| | - Wenbin Liu
- School of Public Health, Fujian Medical University, Room 108 in the Building for School of Public Health, No. 1 Xuefubei Road, Minhou District, Fuzhou, 350122, China.
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40
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Guerrero Barragán A, Lucumí D, Lawlor B. Association of Leisure Activities With Cognitive Impairment and Dementia in Older Adults in Colombia: A SABE-Based Study. Front Neurol 2021; 12:629251. [PMID: 33732207 PMCID: PMC7956952 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2021.629251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/24/2020] [Accepted: 01/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Observational and interventional studies suggest that participation in leisure activities may help protect against cognitive decline in older people. This study aimed to examine the association between participation in leisure activities and cognitive impairment in older adults in Colombia. Data for this study were derived from the Colombian National Survey of Aging (SABE 2015), a cross-sectional survey with a sample size of 23,694 older adults representing the total population (mean age, 70.8 years; 57.3% females). Cognitive impairment was classified as cognitive impairment without dementia (CIWD) and dementia, according to the revised version of the Folstein Mini-Mental State Examination and the Lawton and Brody functional scale. Leisure activities were evaluated using six items of a questionnaire. Sex-stratified multinomial regression models were used to analyze the association of leisure activities with CIWD and dementia after adjusting for educational attainment, literacy, and other potential confounders. In adjusted models for men, leisure activities in later life were associated with a decreased risk of CIWD (odds ratio [OR], 0.73; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.68-0.78) and dementia (OR, 0,52; 95% CI, 0.48-0.58). For women, leisure activities in later life were associated with a decreased risk of CIWD (OR, 0.72; 95% CI, 0.66-0.78) and dementia (OR, 0.48; 95% CI, 0.43-0.53). The findings suggest that greater participation in leisure activities in later life may act as a protective factor against CIWD and dementia among older adults in Colombia, independent of educational attainment and literacy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alejandra Guerrero Barragán
- Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Global Brain Health Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.,Escuela de Gobierno, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia.,Unidad de Servicios de Salud Occidente de Kennedy, Servicio de Neurología, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Diego Lucumí
- Escuela de Gobierno, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia
| | - Brian Lawlor
- Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland.,Global Brain Health Institute, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States.,Department of Psychiatry, Mercer's Institute for Successful Ageing, St. James's Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
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41
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Lopez A, Germani A, Tinella L, Caffò AO, Postma A, Bosco A. The Road More Travelled: The Differential Effects of Spatial Experience in Young and Elderly Participants. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2021; 18:E709. [PMID: 33467572 PMCID: PMC7830856 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph18020709] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2020] [Revised: 01/07/2021] [Accepted: 01/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Our spatial mental representations allow us to give refined descriptions of the environment in terms of the relative locations and distances between objects and landmarks. In this study, we investigated the effects of familiarity with the everyday environment, in terms of frequency of exploration and mode of transportation, on categorical and coordinate spatial relations, on young and elderly participants, controlling for socio-demographic factors. Participants were tested with a general anamnesis, a neuropsychological assessment, measures of explorations and the Landmark Positioning on a Map task. The results showed: (a) a modest difference in performance with categorical spatial relations; (b) a larger difference in coordinate spatial relations; (c) a significant moderating effect of age on the relationship between familiarity and spatial relations, with a stronger relation among the elderly than the young. Ceteris paribus, the role of direct experience with exploring their hometown on spatial mental representations appeared to be more important in the elderly than in the young. This advantage appears to make the elderly wiser and likely protects them from the detrimental effects of aging on spatial mental representations.
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Affiliation(s)
- Antonella Lopez
- Department of Educational Sciences, Psychology, Communication, University of Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy; (L.T.); (A.O.C.); (A.B.)
| | - Alessandro Germani
- Department of Philosophy, Social Sciences and Education, University of Perugia, 06123 Perugia, Italy;
| | - Luigi Tinella
- Department of Educational Sciences, Psychology, Communication, University of Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy; (L.T.); (A.O.C.); (A.B.)
| | - Alessandro Oronzo Caffò
- Department of Educational Sciences, Psychology, Communication, University of Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy; (L.T.); (A.O.C.); (A.B.)
| | - Albert Postma
- Helmholtz Institute, Experimental Psychology, Utrecht University, 3584 CS Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Andrea Bosco
- Department of Educational Sciences, Psychology, Communication, University of Bari, 70121 Bari, Italy; (L.T.); (A.O.C.); (A.B.)
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42
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Demeneix BA. Environmental influences on brain aging. AGING BRAIN 2021; 1:100003. [PMID: 36911505 PMCID: PMC9997147 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbas.2020.100003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Accepted: 12/15/2020] [Indexed: 10/22/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Barbara A Demeneix
- UMR 7221 Phyma, CNRS/Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, F-75005 Paris, France
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43
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Castanho TC, Santos NC, Meleiro-Neves C, Neto S, Moura GR, Santos MA, Cruz AR, Cunha O, Castro Rodrigues A, Rodrigues AJ, Sousa N. Association of positive and negative life events with cognitive performance and psychological status in late life: A cross-sectional study in Northern Portugal. AGING BRAIN 2021; 1:100020. [PMID: 36911520 PMCID: PMC9997151 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbas.2021.100020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2021] [Revised: 07/27/2021] [Accepted: 08/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives Life events have important effects on psychological well-being. Yet, studies have mainly focused on exploring the impact of traumatic and negative experiences on health and well-being, with positive events receiving marginal attention. In this study, we investigated the association between negative and positive life events, cognitive performance and psychological status in older individuals. Method A cross-sectional approach with a sample of 97 community-dwelling adults, recruited from a network of 23 centres/institutions in Northern Portugal, and aged between 56 and 85 years, was conducted. All participants were evaluated through a battery of tests assessing for depressive mood, perceived stress, and cognitive functioning. Life events were measured using the Lifetime Experiences Scale (LIFES) which covers 75 life experiences organized in eight domains. Results A total of 95.9% of the participants reported more positive life events than negative throughout life. Participants reporting more positive experiences had lower scores in the depressive mood and perceived stress measures. At the domain-level of LIFES scale, more negative experiences in the Work and Health domains were associated with a depressed mood and more perceived stress. Significant positive associations were found between positive life experiences and most cognitive measures, after controlling for sex, education, age and depressive symptoms. Namely, more positive experiences at School, Leisure, and Living conditions were positively associated with better performance across cognitive tests. Discussion This study adds important evidence on the association between of life events, both negative and positive experiences, on cognition and psychological well-being, providing a more balanced view of the field.
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Affiliation(s)
- T C Castanho
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho - Braga, Portugal.,Association P5 Digital Medical Centre (ACMP5), Braga, Portugal
| | - N C Santos
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho - Braga, Portugal.,Association P5 Digital Medical Centre (ACMP5), Braga, Portugal
| | - C Meleiro-Neves
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho - Braga, Portugal
| | - S Neto
- Genome Medicine laboratory, Institute of Biomedicine - iBiMED, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - G R Moura
- Genome Medicine laboratory, Institute of Biomedicine - iBiMED, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - M A Santos
- Genome Medicine laboratory, Institute of Biomedicine - iBiMED, Department of Medical Sciences, University of Aveiro, Aveiro, Portugal
| | - A R Cruz
- School of Psychology, University of Minho - Braga, Portugal.,Lusófona University HEI-Lab, Porto, Portugal
| | - O Cunha
- School of Psychology, University of Minho - Braga, Portugal.,Lusófona University HEI-Lab, Porto, Portugal
| | - A Castro Rodrigues
- School of Psychology, University of Minho - Braga, Portugal.,ISPA, William James Center for Research, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - A J Rodrigues
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho - Braga, Portugal.,Clinical Academic Center - Braga (2CA-B), Braga, Portugal
| | - N Sousa
- Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, University of Minho - Braga, Portugal.,Association P5 Digital Medical Centre (ACMP5), Braga, Portugal.,Clinical Academic Center - Braga (2CA-B), Braga, Portugal
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Li S, Yang Z, Wang C, Xu Q. Rural and urban disparities in selective attention in Chinese young adults: An event-related potential study. APPLIED NEUROPSYCHOLOGY-ADULT 2020; 29:1167-1173. [PMID: 33347767 DOI: 10.1080/23279095.2020.1861617] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
Abstract
Previous studies showed that attention system and its underlying neural mechanisms were profound affected by social inequalities. However, previous studies on social inequalities were mainly focused on family-based factors, such as parental education, parental occupation, and household income. In the present study, we investigated the neural mechanisms underlying more broader social context (e.g., rural verse urban) disparities in selective attention among young adults in China. Event-related potentials (ERPs) were recorded from 22 college students who had born and grown up in rural areas and 22 students who had born and grown up in urban areas during an auditory selective attention task. Although behavioral performance was not significantly different between groups, attentional differences in the negativity difference (Nd) were significantly larger in the urban group than the rural group. Whole sample analysis with hierarchical regression showed that rural/urban status still made a significant contribution to the prediction of Nd amplitudes even after the effects of age, sex, and various family SES measures (include parents' educational levels and annual household income) were controlled for. These findings represent a first step toward understanding the ways in which broad social environmental factors shape the neural basis of selective attention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shifeng Li
- School of Psychology, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Behavioral and Mental Health of Gansu, Lanzhou, China
| | - Zhen Yang
- Department of Psychology, Zhejiang Sci-Tech University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cuicui Wang
- State Key Lab of Cognitive Neuroscience and Learning & IDG/McGovern Institute for Brain Research, Beijing Normal University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiongying Xu
- School of Psychology, Northwest Normal University, Lanzhou, China.,Key Laboratory of Behavioral and Mental Health of Gansu, Lanzhou, China
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45
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Plagg B, Zerbe S. How does the environment affect human ageing? An interdisciplinary review. JOURNAL OF GERONTOLOGY AND GERIATRICS 2020. [DOI: 10.36150/2499-6564-420] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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46
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Nagendra A, Halverson TF, Pinkham AE, Harvey PD, Jarskog LF, Weisman de Mamani A, Penn DL. Neighborhood socioeconomic status and racial disparities in schizophrenia: An exploration of domains of functioning. Schizophr Res 2020; 224:95-101. [PMID: 33190787 DOI: 10.1016/j.schres.2020.09.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2019] [Revised: 06/19/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Black Americans are disproportionately diagnosed with schizophrenia and experience worse objective functional outcomes (e.g., hospitalizations) than their White counterparts. However, we have a limited understanding of the psychological pathways through which Black Americans with schizophrenia reach worse outcomes. This study assessed race and domains of functioning (e.g., neurocognition, functional capacity) known to be associated with objective outcomes in a sample of 108 non-Hispanic Black and 61 non-Hispanic White individuals with schizophrenia-spectrum disorders from the Social Cognition Psychometric Evaluation (SCOPE) study. Three primary findings emerged: First, Black participants showed lower scores than White participants on measures of neurocognition(NC), social cognition(SC), and everyday living skills, but not social skills or community functioning. Second, neighborhood socioeconomic status (SES) explained 21% of the relationship between race and NC but did not mediate the relationship between race and SC or everyday living skills. Finally, prior research has established that NC, SC, social skills, and everyday living skills predict community functioning in individuals. Finally, prior research has established that NC, SC, social skills, and everyday living skills predict community functioning in individuals with schizophrenia. In our sample, after controlling for neighborhood SES, race did not moderate the relationships of NC, SC, social skills, or everyday living skills to community functioning. This indicates that relationships between these domains are comparably strong across Black and White Americans. Taken together, these findings show that NC, SC, and everyday living skills may be important areas to explore in regards to racial disparities in schizophrenia. More research, especially incorporating nuanced race- and SES-related variables, is needed to understand how to best intervene and improve real-world outcomes for Black Americans with schizophrenia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arundati Nagendra
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Center for Psychosocial and Systemic Research / Disparities Research Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA, USA.
| | - Tate F Halverson
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | - Amy E Pinkham
- School of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, The University of Texas at Dallas, Richardson, TX, USA; Department of Psychiatry, University of Texas Southwestern Medical School, Dallas, TX, USA
| | - Philip D Harvey
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Miami Miller School of Medicine, Miami, FL, USA; Research Service, Miami VA Healthcare System, Miami, FL, USA
| | - L Fredrik Jarskog
- Department of Psychiatry, University of North Carolina School of Medicine, Chapel Hill, NC, USA
| | | | - David L Penn
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, NC, USA; Australian Catholic University, School of Behavioural and Health Sciences, Melbourne, VIC, Australia
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Neighbourhood Environment and Cognitive Vulnerability—A Survey Investigation of Variations Across the Lifespan and Urbanity Levels. SUSTAINABILITY 2020. [DOI: 10.3390/su12197951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Background: Understanding the impact of local communities on wellbeing is a paramount Sustainable Development Goal. In order to inform people-centred planning interventions, it is important to understand what demographic groups need supportive communities the most and where. This study explored associations between perceived neighbourhood characteristics and cognitive vulnerability, and the moderating role of age and urbanity of the place of residence. Methods: A convenience sample of 224 Irish adults completed a survey assessing cognitive vulnerability and perceptions of neighbourhood qualities, together with sociodemographic and residential information. Correlational analyses explored bivariate associations as well as moderating effects. A subsample (n = 142) provided qualitative accounts of their preferences of neighbourhood characteristics. Results: Regression analyses showed that controlling for sociodemographic factors, higher self-reported neighbourhood pleasantness was associated with lower cognitive vulnerability, particularly in older adults who lived in the most rural and urban areas (p = 0.006). Qualitative accounts suggested urban–rural variations in perceived accessibility and perceptual stressors, and age-related variations in social preferences. Conclusions: Our findings indicate a complex association between neighbourhood characteristics and cognitive wellbeing, highlighting the potential benefits of neighbourhood pleasantness for cognition particularly for older people in very rural or very urbanised places. Implications for research and environmental interventions are discussed.
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Wu YT, Brayne C, Liu Z, Huang Y, Sosa AL, Acosta D, Prina M. Neighbourhood environment and dementia in older people from high-, middle- and low-income countries: results from two population-based cohort studies. BMC Public Health 2020; 20:1330. [PMID: 32873275 PMCID: PMC7465327 DOI: 10.1186/s12889-020-09435-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/10/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A growing number of studies have explored how features of the neighbourhood environment can be related to cognitive health in later life. Yet few have focused on low- and middle-income countries and compared the results across different settings. The aim of this study is to investigate the cross-sectional associations between neighbourhood amenities and dementia in older people from high-, middle- and low-income countries. METHODS This study was based on two population-based cohort studies of people aged≥65: the Cognitive Function and Ageing Study II (CFAS II) in UK (N = 4955) and a subset of the 10/66 study in China, Dominican Republic and Mexico (N = 3386). In both cohorts, dementia was assessed using the Geriatric Mental State-Automated Geriatric Examination for Computer Assisted Taxonomy (GMS-AGECAT) algorithm. The 10/66 dementia diagnostic algorithm was also used as an additional criterion in the 10/66 study. Publicly accessible databases, Google Maps and Open Street Map, were used to obtain geographic information system data on distance to neighbourhood amenities, including lifestyle (cafés, libraries, movie theatres, parks), daily life (post offices, convenience stores), healthcare (hospitals, pharmacies) and percentages of local green and blue spaces within 400 and 800 m of participants' residences. Multilevel logistic regression was used to investigate the associations between these environmental features and dementia adjusting for sociodemographic factors and self-rated health. RESULTS Living far from daily life amenities was associated with higher odds of dementia in both CFAS II (1.47; 95% CI: 0.96, 2.24) and the 10/66 study (1.53; 95% CI: 1.15, 2.04), while living far from lifestyle (1.50; 95% CI: 1.13, 1.99) and healthcare amenities (1.32; 95% CI: 0.93, 1.87) was associated with higher odds of dementia only in the 10/66 study. A high availability of local green and blue spaces was not associated with dementia in either cohort yet living far from public parks was associated with lower odds of dementia in CFAS II (0.64; 95% CI: 0.41, 1.00). CONCLUSIONS The different relationships across cohorts may indicate a varying role for local amenities in diverse settings. Future research may investigate mechanisms related to these differences and social, cultural and historical influences on the interaction between neighbourhood amenities and older people.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Tzu Wu
- Department of Health Service and Population Research, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, David Goldberg Centre, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK.
| | - Carol Brayne
- Department of Public Health and Primary Care, Cambridge Institute of Public Health, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, CB2 0SR, UK
| | - Zhaorui Liu
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Yueqin Huang
- Peking University Sixth Hospital, Peking University Institute of Mental Health, NHC Key Laboratory of Mental Health (Peking University), National Clinical Research Center for Mental Disorders (Peking University Sixth Hospital), Beijing, China
| | - Ana Luisa Sosa
- National Institute of Neurology and Neurosurgery of Mexico, National Autonomous University of Mexico, Mexico City, Mexico
| | - Daisy Acosta
- Internal Medicine Department, Geriatric Section, Universidad Nacional Pedro Henriquez Ureña (UNPHU), Santo Domingo, Dominican Republic
| | - Matthew Prina
- Department of Health Service and Population Research, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, David Goldberg Centre, De Crespigny Park, London, SE5 8AF, UK.,King's Global Health Institute, King's College London, London, SE5 8AF, UK
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Tang F, Zhang W, Chi I, Li M, Dong XQ. Importance of Activity Engagement and Neighborhood to Cognitive Function Among Older Chinese Americans. Res Aging 2020; 42:226-235. [PMID: 32266866 PMCID: PMC10481429 DOI: 10.1177/0164027520917064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/08/2023]
Abstract
This study investigates the differential associations of activity engagement and perceived neighborhood characteristics (i.e., cohesion, disorder, sense of community) with cognitive measures. Using data of 2,713 Chinese older adults in Chicago, who completed two interviews between 2011 and 2015, we identified three activity domains: reading, social, and games. In general, engagement in more reading and social activities was associated with better baseline cognitive function, but the positive effects tapered off over time in some cases. Neighborhood cohesion had both direct and indirect effects on cognitive function. Engagement in social activities mediated the neighborhood cohesion effects, that is, living in a cohesive neighborhood promoted social activities and consequently benefited cognitive function. Findings speak to the importance of activity engagement and neighborhood cohesion for cognition among the U.S. Chinese older adults. Future research is needed to investigate the longitudinal relationships of activity engagement and environmental factors with cognitive change.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengyan Tang
- School of Social Work, University of Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Sociology, University of Hawai’i at Mānoa, Honolulu, Hawai’i
| | - Iris Chi
- Suzanne Dworak-Peck School of Social Work, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Mengting Li
- Institute for Health, Health Care Policy and Aging Research, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Xin Qi Dong
- Institute for Health, Health Care Policy and Aging Research, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
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50
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The Association between Neighborhood Amenities and Cognitive Function: Role of Lifestyle Activities. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9072109. [PMID: 32635508 PMCID: PMC7408849 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9072109] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2020] [Revised: 06/25/2020] [Accepted: 07/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Many of the modifiable risk factors for dementia are lifestyle-related, and multidomain interventions tailored to individual lifestyles are recommended to prevent cognitive decline and dementia. However, studies of the relationship between the environment and cognitive function have shown that cognitive disorders and dementia are more prevalent in rural areas than in urban areas. The purpose of this study was to clarify the role of lifestyle activities on the association between neighborhood amenities and cognitive function. Our data were measured between August 2011 and February 2012. Participants comprised 3786 older adults (mean age: 71.5 years, standard deviation (SD) = ±5.2). We categorized neighborhood amenities as institutional resources that promote cognitively beneficial activities such as physical activity. We calculated the Walk Score® for all participants using their home address and divided them into three groups. We assessed their 12 lifestyle activities performed outdoors. Cognitive function was measured via Mini-Mental Status Exam, word list memory, attention, executive function, and processing speed. We found that participants who were more likely to report many lifestyle activities were more likely to have normal cognition, even in areas where neighborhood amenities were scarce. The clinical significance of this study is that increased lifestyle activity contributes to the prevention of cognitive decline.
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