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Long Y, Liu J, Wang Y, Guo H, Cui G. The complex effects of miR-146a in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Neural Regen Res 2025; 20:1309-1323. [PMID: 39075895 DOI: 10.4103/nrr.nrr-d-23-01566] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/06/2024] [Indexed: 07/31/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by cognitive dysfunction and behavioral abnormalities. Neuroinflammatory plaques formed through the extracellular deposition of amyloid-β proteins, as well as neurofibrillary tangles formed by the intracellular deposition of hyperphosphorylated tau proteins, comprise two typical pathological features of Alzheimer's disease. Besides symptomatic treatment, there are no effective therapies for delaying Alzheimer's disease progression. MicroRNAs (miR) are small, non-coding RNAs that negatively regulate gene expression at the transcriptional and translational levels and play important roles in multiple physiological and pathological processes. Indeed, miR-146a, a NF-κB-regulated gene, has been extensively implicated in the development of Alzheimer's disease through several pathways. Research has demonstrated substantial dysregulation of miR-146a both during the initial phases and throughout the progression of this disorder. MiR-146a is believed to reduce amyloid-β deposition and tau protein hyperphosphorylation through the TLR/IRAK1/TRAF6 pathway; however, there is also evidence supporting that it can promote these processes through many other pathways, thus exacerbating the pathological manifestations of Alzheimer's disease. It has been widely reported that miR-146a mediates synaptic dysfunction, mitochondrial dysfunction, and neuronal death by targeting mRNAs encoding synaptic-related proteins, mitochondrial-related proteins, and membrane proteins, as well as other mRNAs. Regarding the impact on glial cells, miR-146a also exhibits differential effects. On one hand, it causes widespread and sustained inflammation through certain pathways, while on the other hand, it can reverse the polarization of astrocytes and microglia, alleviate neuroinflammation, and promote oligodendrocyte progenitor cell differentiation, thus maintaining the normal function of the myelin sheath and exerting a protective effect on neurons. In this review, we provide a comprehensive analysis of the involvement of miR-146a in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. We aim to elucidate the relationship between miR-146a and the key pathological manifestations of Alzheimer's disease, such as amyloid-β deposition, tau protein hyperphosphorylation, neuronal death, mitochondrial dysfunction, synaptic dysfunction, and glial cell dysfunction, as well as summarize recent relevant studies that have highlighted the potential of miR-146a as a clinical diagnostic marker and therapeutic target for Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunfan Long
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai No. 9 People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Jiajia Liu
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Wang
- Department of Neurology, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Haidong Guo
- Academy of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
- School of Integrative Medicine, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Guohong Cui
- Department of Neurology, Shanghai No. 9 People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
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Kim Y, Lim J, Oh J. Taming neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease: The protective role of phytochemicals through the gut-brain axis. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 178:117277. [PMID: 39126772 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2024] [Revised: 08/05/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive degenerative neurological condition characterized by cognitive decline, primarily affecting memory and logical thinking, attributed to amyloid-β plaques and tau protein tangles in the brain, leading to neuronal loss and brain atrophy. Neuroinflammation, a hallmark of AD, involves the activation of microglia and astrocytes in response to pathological changes, potentially exacerbating neuronal damage. The gut-brain axis is a bidirectional communication pathway between the gastrointestinal and central nervous systems, crucial for maintaining brain health. Phytochemicals, natural compounds found in plants with antioxidant and anti-inflammatory properties, such as flavonoids, curcumin, resveratrol, and quercetin, have emerged as potential modulators of this axis, suggesting implications for AD prevention. Intake of phytochemicals influences the gut microbial composition and its metabolites, thereby impacting neuroinflammation and oxidative stress in the brain. Consumption of phytochemical-rich foods may promote a healthy gut microbiota, fostering the production of anti-inflammatory and neuroprotective substances. Early dietary incorporation of phytochemicals offers a non-invasive strategy for modulating the gut-brain axis and potentially reducing AD risk or delaying its onset. The exploration of interventions targeting the gut-brain axis through phytochemical intake represents a promising avenue for the development of preventive or therapeutic strategies against AD initiation and progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yoonsu Kim
- Department of Integrative Biology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinkyu Lim
- School of Food Science and Biotechnology, Kyungpook National University, Daegu 41566, Republic of Korea.
| | - Jisun Oh
- New Drug Development Center, Daegu-Gyeongbuk Medical Innovation Foundation, Daegu 41061, Republic of Korea.
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Weijie Z, Meng Z, Chunxiao W, Lingjie M, Anguo Z, Yan Z, Xinran C, Yanjiao X, Li S. Obesity-induced chronic low-grade inflammation in adipose tissue: A pathway to Alzheimer's disease. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 99:102402. [PMID: 38977081 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102402] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2024] [Revised: 06/19/2024] [Accepted: 06/30/2024] [Indexed: 07/10/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a leading cause of cognitive impairment worldwide. Overweight and obesity are strongly associated with comorbidities, such as hypertension, diabetes, and insulin resistance (IR), which contribute substantially to the development of AD and subsequent morbidity and mortality. Adipose tissue (AT) is a highly dynamic organ composed of a diverse array of cell types, which can be classified based on their anatomic localization or cellular composition. The expansion and remodeling of AT in the context of obesity involves immunometabolic and functional shifts steered by the intertwined actions of multiple immune cells and cytokine signaling within AT, which contribute to the development of metabolic disorders, IR, and systemic markers of chronic low-grade inflammation. Chronic low-grade inflammation, a prolonged, low-dose stimulation by specific immunogens that can progress from localized sites and affect multiple organs throughout the body, leads to neurodystrophy, increased apoptosis, and disruption of homeostasis, manifesting as brain atrophy and AD-related pathology. In this review, we sought to elucidate the mechanisms by which AT contributes to the onset and progression of AD in obesity through the mediation of chronic low-grade inflammation, particularly focusing on the roles of adipokines and AT-resident immune cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhai Weijie
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China; Cognitive Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhao Meng
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China; Cognitive Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Wei Chunxiao
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China; Cognitive Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Meng Lingjie
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China; Cognitive Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Zhao Anguo
- Department of Urology, Dushu Lake Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Medical Center of Soochow University, Suzhou Dushu Lake Hospital, Suzhou 215000 China
| | - Zhang Yan
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China; Cognitive Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Cui Xinran
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China; Cognitive Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Xu Yanjiao
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China; Cognitive Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China
| | - Sun Li
- Department of Neurology and Neuroscience Center, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China; Cognitive Center, Department of Neurology, The First Hospital of Jilin University, Jilin University, Changchun, China.
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Iwai-Saito K, Sato K, Fujii M, Kondo K. Pneumococcal vaccination, but not influenza vaccination, is negatively associated with incident dementia among Japanese older adults: The JAGES 2013-2022 prospective cohort study. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 120:452-463. [PMID: 38925416 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.06.020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2023] [Revised: 06/21/2024] [Accepted: 06/23/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND It is unclear whether inactivated influenza vaccination (IIV) or pneumococcal vaccination are associated with the risk of dementia; however, both types of vaccination are recommended for older adults. Studies have shown that the IIV is negatively associated with incident dementia; however, the uptake of pneumococcal vaccinations has not been considered. We investigated the independent associations of IIV and 23-valent pneumococcal polysaccharide vaccine (PPSV23) with incident dementia in older adults. METHODS Health-related information on older Japanese adults was obtained through a baseline survey conducted in 2013 (baseline survey). The uptake of IIV and PPSV23 was determined in a second survey conducted in 2016 (second wave). Both surveys were conducted among independent Japanese older adults aged ≥ 65 years at the two surveys and who had not been certified as needing long-term care (LTC). In the second wave, 9,865 participants were followed up for 3.5 years (short-term follow-up), and 6,995 participants were followed up for six years and five months (long-term follow-up) until they required LTC due to dementia onset (incident dementia). A competing risk model with stabilized inverse probability weighting (SIPW) was constructed to calculate the hazard ratios (HRs) and 95 % confidence intervals (CIs) of incident dementia. RESULTS PPSV23 uptake was negatively associated with incident dementia among participants in both the short- and long-term follow-up periods after SIPW (short-term follow-up: HR: 0.77, 95 % CI: 0.63 - 0.95; long-term follow-up: HR: 0.83, 95 % CI: 0.70 - 0.97). Conversely, IIV uptake was not associated with incident dementia among participants in either follow-up group (short-term follow-up: HR: 0.86, 95 % CI: 0.63-1.16; long-term follow-up: HR: 0.99, 95 % CI: 0.76-1.29). The PPSV23 uptake was negatively associated with incident dementia in participants without the IIV uptake (short-term follow-up: HR: 0.44, 95 % CI: 0.24 - 0.81; long-term follow-up: HR: 0.47, 95 % CI: 0.29 - 0.76). Conversely, the IIV uptake was not associated with incident dementia regardless of the PPSV23 status (short-term follow-up: HR: 0.87, 95 % CI: 0.62 - 1.23; long-term follow-up: HR: 1.00, 95 % CI: 0.74 - 1.35). CONCLUSION Our results suggest that the PPSV23 uptake was independently associated with the incidence of dementia. However, the IIV uptake was not associated with the incidence of dementia.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kousuke Iwai-Saito
- Division of International Health, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan.
| | - Koryu Sato
- Faculty of Policy Management, Keio University, 5322 Endo, Fujisawa-shi, Kanagawa 252-0882, Japan.
| | - Masahiro Fujii
- Division of Virology, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Niigata University, Niigata, Japan.
| | - Katsunori Kondo
- Department of Social Preventive Medical Sciences, Center for Preventive Medical Sciences, Chiba University, 1-8-1, Inohana, Chuo-ku, Chiba 360-0856, Japan; Department of Gerontological Evaluation, Center for Gerontology and Social Science, Research Institution, National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Aichi, Japan.
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Shen Y, Liu F, Zhang M. Therapeutic potential of plant-derived natural compounds in Alzheimer's disease: Targeting microglia-mediated neuroinflammation. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 178:117235. [PMID: 39094545 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 07/27/2024] [Accepted: 07/30/2024] [Indexed: 08/04/2024] Open
Abstract
Microglia are resident immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS) with roles in sensing, housekeeping, and defense. Exploring the role of microglia in the occurrence and development of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and the possible therapeutic mechanism of plant-derived natural compounds (PDNCs) that regulate microglia-associated neuroinflammation may potentially help in elucidating the pathogenesis of AD and provide novel insights for its treatment. This review explores the role of abnormal microglial activation and its dominant neuroinflammatory response, as well as the activation of their target receptors and signaling pathways in AD pathogenesis. Additionally, we report an update on the potential pharmacological mechanisms of multiple PDNCs in modulating microglia-associated neuroinflammation in AD treatment. Dysregulated activation of microglial receptors and their downstream pathways impaired immune homeostasis in animal models of AD. Multiple signaling pathways, such as mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), nuclear factor kappa light chain enhancer of activated B cells (NF-κB), and Toll-like receptors, play important roles in microglial activation and can exacerbate microglia-mediated neuroinflammation. PDNCs, such as magnolol, stigmasterol, matrine, naringenin, naringin, and resveratrol, can delay the progression of AD by inhibiting the proinflammatory receptors of microglia, activating its anti-inflammatory receptors, regulating the receptors related to β-amyloid (Aβ) clearance, reversing immune dysregulation, and maintaining the immune homeostasis of microglial downstream pathways. This review summarizes the mechanisms by which microglia cause chronic inflammation in AD and evaluates the beneficial effects of PDNCs on immune regulation in AD by regulating microglial receptors and their downstream pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanyan Shen
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, China.
| | - Fang Liu
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, China
| | - Mingjie Zhang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, China.
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Deng Q, Wu C, Parker E, Liu TCY, Duan R, Yang L. Microglia and Astrocytes in Alzheimer's Disease: Significance and Summary of Recent Advances. Aging Dis 2024; 15:1537-1564. [PMID: 37815901 PMCID: PMC11272214 DOI: 10.14336/ad.2023.0907] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 10/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease, one of the most common forms of dementia, is characterized by a slow progression of cognitive impairment and neuronal loss. Currently, approved treatments for AD are hindered by various side effects and limited efficacy. Despite considerable research, practical treatments for AD have not been developed. Increasing evidence shows that glial cells, especially microglia and astrocytes, are essential in the initiation and progression of AD. During AD progression, activated resident microglia increases the ability of resting astrocytes to transform into reactive astrocytes, promoting neurodegeneration. Extensive clinical and molecular studies show the involvement of microglia and astrocyte-mediated neuroinflammation in AD pathology, indicating that microglia and astrocytes may be potential therapeutic targets for AD. This review will summarize the significant and recent advances of microglia and astrocytes in the pathogenesis of AD in three parts. First, we will review the typical pathological changes of AD and discuss microglia and astrocytes in terms of function and phenotypic changes. Second, we will describe microglia and astrocytes' physiological and pathological role in AD. These roles include the inflammatory response, "eat me" and "don't eat me" signals, Aβ seeding, propagation, clearance, synapse loss, synaptic pruning, remyelination, and demyelination. Last, we will review the pharmacological and non-pharmacological therapies targeting microglia and astrocytes in AD. We conclude that microglia and astrocytes are essential in the initiation and development of AD. Therefore, understanding the new role of microglia and astrocytes in AD progression is critical for future AD studies and clinical trials. Moreover, pharmacological, and non-pharmacological therapies targeting microglia and astrocytes, with specific studies investigating microglia and astrocyte-mediated neuronal damage and repair, may be a promising research direction for future studies regarding AD treatment and prevention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qianting Deng
- Laboratory of Exercise and Neurobiology, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Chongyun Wu
- Laboratory of Exercise and Neurobiology, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine in Sports Science, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Emily Parker
- Medical College of Georgia at Augusta University, Augusta, GA 30912, USA.
| | - Timon Cheng-Yi Liu
- Laboratory of Laser Sports Medicine, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Rui Duan
- Laboratory of Regenerative Medicine in Sports Science, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
| | - Luodan Yang
- Laboratory of Exercise and Neurobiology, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou 510006, China.
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7
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Zhu Y, Guo X, Li S, Wu Y, Zhu F, Qin C, Zhang Q, Yang Y. Naringenin ameliorates amyloid-β pathology and neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease. Commun Biol 2024; 7:912. [PMID: 39069528 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-024-06615-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2024] [Accepted: 07/22/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia characterized by amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition, tau hyperphosphorylation, and neuroinflammation. Naringenin (NRG), a natural flavonoid widely present in citrus fruits, has been reported can penetrate the blood-brain barrier and exert anti-inflammatory effects in the central nervous system. Here, we investigate the protective effects of long-term NRG treatment on AD. The novel object recognition test and Morris water maze test reveal that NRG treatment can improve the learning and memory ability of APP/PS1 mice. Besides, we find that NRG can significantly reduce Aβ deposition, microglial and astrocytic activation, and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in APP/PS1 mice. Results further show that NRG effectively decreases pro-inflammatory cytokines in LPS/Aβ-stimulated BV2 cells. Lastly, the molecular mechanistic study reveals that NRG attenuates neuroinflammatory responses via inhibition of the MAPK signaling pathway in vivo and in vitro. Overall, NRG may emerge as a promising compound for the prevention and treatment of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yueli Zhu
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Aging and Physic-chemical Injury Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xiaoming Guo
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310009, Zhejiang, China
| | - Shumin Li
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Aging and Physic-chemical Injury Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yue Wu
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Aging and Physic-chemical Injury Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Feng Zhu
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Aging and Physic-chemical Injury Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chengfan Qin
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Aging and Physic-chemical Injury Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Qin Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Aging and Physic-chemical Injury Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Yunmei Yang
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310003, Zhejiang, China.
- Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment of Aging and Physic-chemical Injury Diseases of Zhejiang Province, The First Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
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Shao J, Deng Q, Feng S, Wu C, Liu X, Yang L. Role of astrocytes in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis and the impact of exercise-induced remodeling. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2024; 732:150418. [PMID: 39032410 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2024.150418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/26/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/23/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a prevalent and debilitating brain disorder that worsens progressively with age, characterized by cognitive decline and memory impairment. The accumulation of amyloid-beta (Aβ) leading to amyloid plaques and hyperphosphorylation of Tau, resulting in intracellular neurofibrillary tangles (NFTs), are primary pathological features of AD. Despite significant research investment and effort, therapies targeting Aβ and NFTs have proven limited in efficacy for treating or slowing AD progression. Consequently, there is a growing interest in non-invasive therapeutic strategies for AD prevention. Exercise, a low-cost and non-invasive intervention, has demonstrated promising neuroprotective potential in AD prevention. Astrocytes, among the most abundant glial cells in the brain, play essential roles in various physiological processes and are implicated in AD initiation and progression. Exercise delays pathological progression and mitigates cognitive dysfunction in AD by modulating astrocyte morphological and phenotypic changes and fostering crosstalk with other glial cells. This review aims to consolidate the current understanding of how exercise influences astrocyte dynamics in AD, with a focus on elucidating the molecular and cellular mechanisms underlying astrocyte remodeling. The review begins with an overview of the neuropathological changes observed in AD, followed by an examination of astrocyte dysfunction as a feature of the disease. Lastly, the review explores the potential therapeutic implications of exercise-induced astrocyte remodeling in the context of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Shao
- Laboratory of Exercise and Neurobiology, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Qianting Deng
- Laboratory of Exercise and Neurobiology, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Shu Feng
- Laboratory of Exercise and Neurobiology, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China
| | - Chongyun Wu
- Laboratory of Exercise and Neurobiology, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Xiaocao Liu
- Laboratory of Exercise and Neurobiology, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
| | - Luodan Yang
- Laboratory of Exercise and Neurobiology, School of Physical Education and Sports Science, South China Normal University, Guangzhou, 510006, China.
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9
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Sun Z, Zhang X, So KF, Jiang W, Chiu K. Targeting Microglia in Alzheimer's Disease: Pathogenesis and Potential Therapeutic Strategies. Biomolecules 2024; 14:833. [PMID: 39062547 PMCID: PMC11274940 DOI: 10.3390/biom14070833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2024] [Revised: 07/01/2024] [Accepted: 07/09/2024] [Indexed: 07/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Microglia, as resident macrophages in the central nervous system, play a multifunctional role in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Their clustering around amyloid-β (Aβ) deposits is a core pathological feature of AD. Recent advances in single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) and single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) have revealed dynamic changes in microglial phenotypes over time and across different brain regions during aging and AD progression. As AD advances, microglia primarily exhibit impaired phagocytosis of Aβ and tau, along with the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines that damage synapses and neurons. Targeting microglia has emerged as a potential therapeutic approach for AD. Treatment strategies involving microglia can be broadly categorized into two aspects: (1) enhancing microglial function: This involves augmenting their phagocytic ability against Aβ and cellular debris and (2) mitigating neuroinflammation: Strategies include inhibiting TNF-α signaling to reduce the neuroinflammatory response triggered by microglia. Clinical trials exploring microglia-related approaches for AD treatment have garnered attention. Additionally, natural products show promise in enhancing beneficial effects and suppressing inflammatory responses. Clarifying microglial dynamics, understanding their roles, and exploring novel therapeutic approaches will advance our fight against AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhongqing Sun
- Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Kai Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Lab of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Li Kai Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Xin Zhang
- Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Kwok-Fai So
- State Key Lab of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Li Kai Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Guangdong-Hongkong-Macau Institute of CNS Regeneration, Key Laboratory of CNS Regeneration (Ministry of Education), Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China
- Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wen Jiang
- Department of Neurology, Xijing Hospital, Fourth Military Medical University, Xi’an 710032, China
| | - Kin Chiu
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Clinical Medicine, Li Kai Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- State Key Lab of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, Li Kai Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Psychology, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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10
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Chen P, Guo Z, Lei J, Wang Y. Pomegranate polyphenol punicalin ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced memory impairment, behavioral disorders, oxidative stress, and neuroinflammation via inhibition of TLR4-NF-кB pathway. Phytother Res 2024; 38:3489-3508. [PMID: 38695373 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.8219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2023] [Revised: 03/26/2024] [Accepted: 04/10/2024] [Indexed: 07/12/2024]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation may play an important role in the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD). Previous studies have reported that lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced neuroinflammation causes memory impairments and behavioral disorders. We investigated the potential preventive effects of punicalin (PUN), a polyphenolic component of pomegranate, on LPS-induced memory deficiency and anxiety- and depression-like behaviors, along with the underlying mechanisms. LPS-treated cultured microglial BV2 cells and BV2 cell/Neuro-2a (N2a) cell coculture system were investigated for anti-neuroinflammatory effects of PUN in vitro. The in vivo experiments involved mice administered a 4-week course of oral gavage with 1500 mg/kg/d PUN before intraperitoneal LPS (250 mg/kg daily 7 times) injections. The in vitro results demonstrated that PUN inhibited the LPS-induced inflammatory cytokine (IL-18, IL-1β, TNF-ɑ, and IL-6) production in BV2 cells and protected N2a cells from synaptic damage mediated by BV2 microglia-induced neuroinflammation. In in vivo studies, it was observed that PUN improved memory impairment and anxiety- and depression-like behaviors caused by LPS and reduced the expression of inflammatory proteins such as iNOS, COX-2, IL-1β, IL-2, IL-6, and TNF-α. Furthermore, PUN inhibited the LPS-induced production of MDA; increased the activities of CAT, SOD, and GSH-Px, and inhibited LPS-induced Aβ1-42 generation through down-regulation of APP and BACE1 expression. Moreover, PUN also suppressed the expression of TLR4, IRAK4, TRAF6, IKK-β, NF-κB, p65, and HMGB1 in LPS-treated mouse brain and cultured microglial BV-2 cells. These results suggest that PUN inhibits LPS-induced memory impairment via anti-inflammatory and anti-amylogenic mechanisms through inhibition of TLR4-NF-kB activation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Peng Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
| | - Zhilei Guo
- Department of Pharmacy, Wuhan Fourth Hospital, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiexin Lei
- Department of Endocrinology, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Key Laboratory of Wudang Local Chinese Medicine Research, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Hubei University of Medicine, Shiyan, China
| | - Yulai Wang
- Department of Pharmacy, Huangshi Central Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of Hubei Polytechnic University, Huangshi, China
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Yadikar H, Ansari MA, Abu-Farha M, Joseph S, Thomas BT, Al-Mulla F. Deciphering Early and Progressive Molecular Signatures in Alzheimer's Disease through Integrated Longitudinal Proteomic and Pathway Analysis in a Rodent Model. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:6469. [PMID: 38928172 PMCID: PMC11203991 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25126469] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Revised: 05/25/2024] [Accepted: 06/02/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD), the leading cause of dementia worldwide, remains a challenge due to its complex origin and degenerative character. The need for accurate biomarkers and treatment targets hinders early identification and intervention. To fill this gap, we used a novel longitudinal proteome methodology to examine the temporal development of molecular alterations in the cortex of an intracerebroventricular streptozotocin (ICV-STZ)-induced AD mouse model for disease initiation and progression at one, three-, and six-weeks post-treatment. Week 1 revealed metabolic protein downregulation, such as Aldoa and Pgk1. Week 3 showed increased Synapsin-1, and week 6 showed cytoskeletal protein alterations like Vimentin. The biological pathways, upstream regulators, and functional effects of proteome alterations were dissected using advanced bioinformatics methods, including Ingenuity Pathway Analysis (IPA) and machine learning algorithms. We identified Mitochondrial Dysfunction, Synaptic Vesicle Pathway, and Neuroinflammation Signaling as disease-causing pathways. Huntington's Disease Signaling and Synaptogenesis Signaling were stimulated while Glutamate Receptor and Calcium Signaling were repressed. IPA also found molecular connections between PPARGC1B and AGT, which are involved in myelination and possible neoplastic processes, and MTOR and AR, which imply mechanistic involvements beyond neurodegeneration. These results help us comprehend AD's molecular foundation and demonstrate the promise of focused proteomic techniques to uncover new biomarkers and therapeutic targets for AD, enabling personalized medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamad Yadikar
- Department of Biological Sciences, Faculty of Science, Kuwait University, Sabah AlSalem University City, Kuwait City 13060, Kuwait
- OMICS Research Unit, Research Core Facility, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City 13110, Kuwait;
| | - Mubeen A. Ansari
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City 13110, Kuwait;
| | - Mohamed Abu-Farha
- Department of Translational Research, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City 15462, Kuwait; (M.A.-F.); (F.A.-M.)
| | - Shibu Joseph
- Department of Special Service Facility, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City 15462, Kuwait;
| | - Betty T. Thomas
- OMICS Research Unit, Research Core Facility, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City 13110, Kuwait;
| | - Fahd Al-Mulla
- Department of Translational Research, Dasman Diabetes Institute, Kuwait City 15462, Kuwait; (M.A.-F.); (F.A.-M.)
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12
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Yang Y, Liu T, Li J, Yan D, Hu Y, Wu P, Fang F, McQuillan PM, Hang W, Leng J, Hu Z. General anesthetic agents induce neurotoxicity through astrocytes. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:1299-1307. [PMID: 37905879 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.385857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 09/09/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT Neuroscientists have recognized the importance of astrocytes in regulating neurological function and their influence on the release of glial transmitters. Few studies, however, have focused on the effects of general anesthetic agents on neuroglia or astrocytes. Astrocytes can also be an important target of general anesthetic agents as they exert not only sedative, analgesic, and amnesic effects but also mediate general anesthetic-induced neurotoxicity and postoperative cognitive dysfunction. Here, we analyzed recent advances in understanding the mechanism of general anesthetic agents on astrocytes, and found that exposure to general anesthetic agents will destroy the morphology and proliferation of astrocytes, in addition to acting on the receptors on their surface, which not only affect Ca2+ signaling, inhibit the release of brain-derived neurotrophic factor and lactate from astrocytes, but are even involved in the regulation of the pro- and anti-inflammatory processes of astrocytes. These would obviously affect the communication between astrocytes as well as between astrocytes and neighboring neurons, other neuroglia, and vascular cells. In this review, we summarize how general anesthetic agents act on neurons via astrocytes, and explore potential mechanisms of action of general anesthetic agents on the nervous system. We hope that this review will provide a new direction for mitigating the neurotoxicity of general anesthetic agents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanchang Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Tiantian Liu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Ningbo Women and Children's Hospital, Ningbo, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jun Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shulan (Hangzhou) Hospital Affiliated to Zhejiang Shuren University Shulan International Medical College, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Dandan Yan
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Yuhan Hu
- Cell Biology Department, Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA
| | - Pin Wu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Fuquan Fang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Patrick M McQuillan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Penn State Hershey Medical Centre, Penn State College of Medicine, Hershey, PA, USA
| | - Wenxin Hang
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Jianhang Leng
- Department of Central Laboratory, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
| | - Zhiyong Hu
- Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang Province, China
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Wei H, Zhu Z, Xu Y, Lin L, Chen Q, Liu Y, Li Y, Zhu X. Microglia-derived exosomes selective sorted by YB-1 alleviate nerve damage and cognitive outcome in Alzheimer's disease. J Transl Med 2024; 22:466. [PMID: 38755651 PMCID: PMC11100039 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-024-05256-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2023] [Accepted: 04/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Neuroinflammation is a characteristic pathological change of Alzheimer's Diseases (AD). Microglia have been reported to participate in inflammatory responses within the central nervous system. However, the mechanism of microglia released exosome (EXO) contribute to communication within AD microenvironment remains obscure. METHODS The interaction between microglia and AD was investigated in vitro and in vivo. RNA-binding protein immunoprecipitation (RIP) was used to investigate the mechanisms of miR-223 and YB-1. The association between microglia derived exosomal YB-1/miR-223 axis and nerve cell damage were assessed using Western blot, immunofluorescence, RT-PCR, ELISA and wound healing assay. RESULTS Here, we reported AD model was responsible for the M1-like (pro-inflammatory) polarization of microglia which in turn induced nerve cell damage. While M2-like (anti-inflammatory) microglia could release miR-223-enriched EXO which reduced neuroinflammation and ameliorated nerve damage in AD model in vivo and in vitro. Moreover, YB-1 directly interacted with miR-223 both in cell and EXO, and participated in microglia exosomal miR-223 loading. CONCLUSION These results indicate that anti-inflammatory microglia-mediated neuroprotection form inflammatory damage involves exporting miR-223 via EXO sorted by YB-1. Consequently, YB-1-mediated microglia exosomal sorting of miR-223 improved the nerve cell damage repair, representing a promising therapeutic target for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wei
- Reproductive Center, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, 20 Zhengdong Road, Zhenjiang, 212001, Jiangsu, P. R. China
- Department of Neurology, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, Jiangsu, China
- Central Laboratory of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhuzhi Zhu
- Department of Orthopedics, Nanjing Lishui People's Hospital, ZhongDa Hospital Lishui Branch, Southeast University, Nanjing, 212001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuhao Xu
- Medical School, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212001, Jiangsu, P. R. China
| | - Li Lin
- Reproductive Center, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, 20 Zhengdong Road, Zhenjiang, 212001, Jiangsu, P. R. China
- Central Laboratory of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qi Chen
- Reproductive Center, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, 20 Zhengdong Road, Zhenjiang, 212001, Jiangsu, P. R. China
- Central Laboratory of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yueqin Liu
- Reproductive Center, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, 20 Zhengdong Road, Zhenjiang, 212001, Jiangsu, P. R. China
- Central Laboratory of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yuefeng Li
- Medical School, Jiangsu University, 301 Xuefu Road, Zhenjiang, 212001, Jiangsu, P. R. China.
| | - Xiaolan Zhu
- Reproductive Center, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, 20 Zhengdong Road, Zhenjiang, 212001, Jiangsu, P. R. China.
- Central Laboratory of the Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University, Zhenjiang, 212001, Jiangsu, China.
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Li Z, Jiang YY, Long C, Peng X, Tao J, Pu Y, Yue R. Bridging metabolic syndrome and cognitive dysfunction: role of astrocytes. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2024; 15:1393253. [PMID: 38800473 PMCID: PMC11116704 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2024.1393253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2024] [Accepted: 04/25/2024] [Indexed: 05/29/2024] Open
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) and cognitive dysfunction pose significant challenges to global health and the economy. Systemic inflammation, endocrine disruption, and autoregulatory impairment drive neurodegeneration and microcirculatory damage in MetS. Due to their unique anatomy and function, astrocytes sense and integrate multiple metabolic signals, including peripheral endocrine hormones and nutrients. Astrocytes and synapses engage in a complex dialogue of energetic and immunological interactions. Astrocytes act as a bridge between MetS and cognitive dysfunction, undergoing diverse activation in response to metabolic dysfunction. This article summarizes the alterations in astrocyte phenotypic characteristics across multiple pathological factors in MetS. It also discusses the clinical value of astrocytes as a critical pathologic diagnostic marker and potential therapeutic target for MetS-associated cognitive dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zihan Li
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Clinical Medical School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Ya-yi Jiang
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Clinical Medical School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Caiyi Long
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Clinical Medical School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Xi Peng
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Clinical Medical School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Jiajing Tao
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Clinical Medical School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Yueheng Pu
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Clinical Medical School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
| | - Rensong Yue
- Department of Endocrinology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
- Clinical Medical School, Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu, China
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15
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Sun X, Lu Y, Pang Q, Luo B, Jiang Q. Tooth loss impairs cognitive function in SAMP8 mice via the NLRP3/Caspase-1 pathway. Oral Dis 2024; 30:2746-2755. [PMID: 37357357 DOI: 10.1111/odi.14646] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2022] [Revised: 03/13/2023] [Accepted: 06/05/2023] [Indexed: 06/27/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Loss of occlusal support due to tooth loss has been indicated as one of the risk factors for Alzheimer's disease. This study aimed to investigate the relationship between tooth loss and cognitive dysfunction and illustrate the role of neuroinflammation in advancing Alzheimer's disease. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male 5-month-old senescence-accelerated mouse strain P8 (SAMP8) mice were divided into three groups (n = 7): the C (control), S (sham-operated), and TL (tooth loss) groups. The Morris water maze (MWM) test was performed to assess spatial memory. Additionally, histopathological and molecular assessments of hippocampal tissues were performed. RESULTS The TL groups exhibited impaired spatial memory in the water maze. Tooth loss induced higher protein expression levels of the neuroinflammation cytokine interleukin-1β (IL-1β) in the hippocampus than in the S and C groups. Tooth loss activated the NLRP3 inflammasome and increased the expression of Caspase-1 in the hippocampus. CONCLUSIONS The findings indicated that tooth loss impairs cognitive function in SAMP8 mice and is closely related to the activation of NLRP3/Caspase-1 in the hippocampus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xu Sun
- Department of Prosthodontics, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Yunping Lu
- Department of Prosthodontics, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qian Pang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Bin Luo
- Department of Prosthodontics, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Qingsong Jiang
- Department of Prosthodontics, Beijing Stomatological Hospital, School of Stomatology, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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16
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Jiang D, Liu H, Li T, Zhao S, Yang K, Yao F, Zhou B, Feng H, Wang S, Shen J, Tang J, Zhang YX, Wang Y, Guo C, Tang TS. Agomirs upregulating carboxypeptidase E expression rescue hippocampal neurogenesis and memory deficits in Alzheimer's disease. Transl Neurodegener 2024; 13:24. [PMID: 38671492 PMCID: PMC11046780 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-024-00414-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2023] [Accepted: 03/28/2024] [Indexed: 04/28/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Adult neurogenesis occurs in the subventricular zone (SVZ) and the subgranular zone of the dentate gyrus in the hippocampus. The neuronal stem cells in these two neurogenic niches respond differently to various physiological and pathological stimuli. Recently, we have found that the decrement of carboxypeptidase E (CPE) with aging impairs the maturation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) and neurogenesis in the SVZ. However, it remains unknown whether these events occur in the hippocampus, and what the role of CPE is in the adult hippocampal neurogenesis in the context of Alzheimer's disease (AD). METHODS In vivo screening was performed to search for miRNA mimics capable of upregulating CPE expression and promoting neurogenesis in both neurogenic niches. Among these, two agomirs were further assessed for their effects on hippocampal neurogenesis in the context of AD. We also explored whether these two agomirs could ameliorate behavioral symptoms and AD pathology in mice, using direct intracerebroventricular injection or by non-invasive intranasal instillation. RESULTS Restoration of CPE expression in the hippocampus improved BDNF maturation and boosted adult hippocampal neurogenesis. By screening the miRNA mimics targeting the 5'UTR region of Cpe gene, we developed two agomirs that were capable of upregulating CPE expression. The two agomirs significantly rescued adult neurogenesis and cognition, showing multiple beneficial effects against the AD-associated pathologies in APP/PS1 mice. Of note, noninvasive approach via intranasal delivery of these agomirs improved the behavioral and neurocognitive functions of APP/PS1 mice. CONCLUSIONS CPE may regulate adult hippocampal neurogenesis via the CPE-BDNF-TrkB signaling pathway. This study supports the prospect of developing miRNA agomirs targeting CPE as biopharmaceuticals to counteract aging- and disease-related neurological decline in human brains.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dongfang Jiang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Hongmei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Tingting Li
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Song Zhao
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Keyan Yang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Fuwen Yao
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences/China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Bo Zhou
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences/China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Haiping Feng
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Sijia Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jiaqi Shen
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Jinglan Tang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- Present Address: Department of Psychology, UC San Diego, La Jolla, CA, 92093, USA
| | - Yu-Xin Zhang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Yun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China
| | - Caixia Guo
- Beijing Institute of Genomics, Chinese Academy of Sciences/China National Center for Bioinformation, Beijing, 100101, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
| | - Tie-Shan Tang
- Key Laboratory of Organ Regeneration and Reconstruction, State Key Laboratory of Membrane Biology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
- Beijing Institute for Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Beijing, 100101, China.
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China.
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Yu W, Li Y, Zhong F, Deng Z, Wu J, Yu W, Lü Y. Disease-Associated Neurotoxic Astrocyte Markers in Alzheimer Disease Based on Integrative Single-Nucleus RNA Sequencing. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2024; 44:20. [PMID: 38345650 PMCID: PMC10861702 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-024-01453-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/15/2024]
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is an irreversible neurodegenerative disease, and astrocytes play a key role in its onset and progression. The aim of this study is to analyze the characteristics of neurotoxic astrocytes and identify novel molecular targets for slowing down the progression of AD. Single-nucleus RNA sequencing (snRNA-seq) data were analyzed from various AD cohorts comprising about 210,654 cells from 53 brain tissue. By integrating snRNA-seq data with bulk RNA-seq data, crucial astrocyte types and genes associated with the prognosis of patients with AD were identified. The expression of neurotoxic astrocyte markers was validated using 5 × FAD and wild-type (WT) mouse models, combined with experiments such as western blot, quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR), and immunofluorescence. A group of neurotoxic astrocytes closely related to AD pathology was identified, which were involved in inflammatory responses and pathways related to neuron survival. Combining snRNA and bulk tissue data, ZEP36L, AEBP1, WWTR1, PHYHD1, DST and RASL12 were identified as toxic astrocyte markers closely related to disease severity, significantly elevated in brain tissues of 5 × FAD mice and primary astrocytes treated with Aβ. Among them, WWTR1 was significantly increased in astrocytes of 5 × FAD mice, driving astrocyte inflammatory responses, and has been identified as an important marker of neurotoxic astrocytes. snRNA-seq analysis reveals the biological functions of neurotoxic astrocytes. Six genes related to AD pathology were identified and validated, among which WWTR1 may be a novel marker of neurotoxic astrocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuhan Yu
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yin Li
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Fuxin Zhong
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Zhangjing Deng
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Jiani Wu
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Weihua Yu
- Institutes of Neuroscience, Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Yang Lü
- Department of Geriatrics, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, No.1 Youyi Road, Yuzhong, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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18
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Li K, Ling H, Wang X, Xie Q, Gu C, Luo W, Qiu P. The role of NF-κB signaling pathway in reactive astrocytes among neurodegeneration after methamphetamine exposure by integrated bioinformatics. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2024; 129:110909. [PMID: 38061485 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2023.110909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2023] [Revised: 11/30/2023] [Accepted: 11/30/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Methamphetamine (METH) is a highly addictive stimulant that has become one of the top five risk substances cause deaths from substance abuse. METH exposure increases the risk of neurodegenerative disease (ND), such as Parkinson's disease (PD), leading to disability and death. Activation of reactive astrocytes is an essential factor in neurodegeneration, and their complex role in METH exposure remains unclear. This study explored the role of reactive astrocyte overactivation in neurodegeneration after METH exposure. METHODS METH bulk RNA sequencing data (GSE107015 and GSE98793) and single-cell RNA sequencing data (GSE119861) were obtained from the GEO database. We performed immune infiltration analysis on the bulk RNA data. After cell clustering using the single-cell RNA data, astrocytes were extracted for downstream analysis. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) were identified from the bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing datasets, and GO, KEGG, and GSEA pathway analyses were performed. The PPI network and random forest methods were performed on the overlapping genes of the DEGs to screen hub genes. To explore the common ground between METH exposure and neurodegenerative diseases, we applied a random forest algorithm to PD chip data (GSE99039 and GSE72267) to establish a diagnostic model using the hub genes in METH. New object recognition and the Morris water maze were used to examine cognitive function in mice exposed to METH for 14 days in vivo. Astrocytes were cocultured with neurons for the detection of intercellular crosstalk. RESULTS DEGs in the METH group significantly enriched pathways related to NDs, inflammation, and the NF-κB signaling pathway. Immune infiltration analysis revealed significantly increased infiltration of monocytes, T cells, and NK cells and decreased infiltration of neutrophils in the METH group. An intersection of 44 hub genes was screened based on the PPI network and random forest algorithm. These genes suggest that there might be similar pathogenesis between METH exposure and PD. METH exposure resulted in learning memory impairment, hippocampal astrocyte activation, and upregulation of NF-κB expression in mice. Activation of reactive astrocytes cocultured with neurons causes neural damage. CONCLUSIONS This study explored the crosstalk between astrocytes and neurons in METH exposure, providing a potential pathogenesis to explore the altered immune microenvironment involving reactive astrocytes after METH exposure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kuan Li
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Haosen Ling
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Xiaohan Wang
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Qiqian Xie
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Cihang Gu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Wenyu Luo
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China
| | - Pingming Qiu
- Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Forensic Multi-Omics for Precision Identification, School of Forensic Medicine, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510515, China.; Department of Thyroid Surgery, Zhujiang Hospital, Southern Medical University, Guangzhou 510280, China.
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19
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Zhang M, Zhang Z, Li H, Xia Y, Xing M, Xiao C, Cai W, Bu L, Li Y, Park TE, Tang Y, Ye X, Lin WJ. Blockage of VEGF function by bevacizumab alleviates early-stage cerebrovascular dysfunction and improves cognitive function in a mouse model of Alzheimer's disease. Transl Neurodegener 2024; 13:1. [PMID: 38173017 PMCID: PMC10763201 DOI: 10.1186/s40035-023-00388-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/14/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder and the predominant type of dementia worldwide. It is characterized by the progressive and irreversible decline of cognitive functions. In addition to the pathological beta-amyloid (Aβ) deposition, glial activation, and neuronal injury in the postmortem brains of AD patients, increasing evidence suggests that the often overlooked vascular dysfunction is an important early event in AD pathophysiology. Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) plays a critical role in regulating physiological functions and pathological changes in blood vessels, but whether VEGF is involved in the early stage of vascular pathology in AD remains unclear. METHODS We used an antiangiogenic agent for clinical cancer treatment, the humanized monoclonal anti-VEGF antibody bevacizumab, to block VEGF binding to its receptors in the 5×FAD mouse model at an early age. After treatment, memory performance was evaluated by a novel object recognition test, and cerebral vascular permeability and perfusion were examined by an Evans blue assay and blood flow scanning imaging analysis. Immunofluorescence staining was used to measure glial activation and Aβ deposits. VEGF and its receptors were analyzed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and immunoblotting. RNA sequencing was performed to elucidate bevacizumab-associated transcriptional signatures in the hippocampus of 5×FAD mice. RESULTS Bevacizumab treatment administered from 4 months of age dramatically improved cerebrovascular functions, reduced glial activation, and restored long-term memory in both sexes of 5×FAD mice. Notably, a sex-specific change in different VEGF receptors was identified in the cortex and hippocampus of 5×FAD mice. Soluble VEGFR1 was decreased in female mice, while full-length VEGFR2 was increased in male mice. Bevacizumab treatment reversed the altered expression of receptors to be comparable to the level in the wild-type mice. Gene Set Enrichment Analysis of transcriptomic changes revealed that bevacizumab effectively reversed the changes in the gene sets associated with blood-brain barrier integrity and vascular smooth muscle contraction in 5×FAD mice. CONCLUSIONS Our study demonstrated the mechanistic roles of VEGF at the early stage of amyloidopathy and the protective effects of bevacizumab on cerebrovascular function and memory performance in 5×FAD mice. These findings also suggest the therapeutic potential of bevacizumab for the early intervention of AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Zhang
- Brain Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Guangdong Province Translational Forensic Medicine Engineering Technology Research Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Zhan Zhang
- Brain Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Nanhai Translational Innovation Center of Precision Immunology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Foshan, 528200, China
| | - Honghong Li
- Brain Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Yuting Xia
- Brain Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Nanhai Translational Innovation Center of Precision Immunology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Foshan, 528200, China
| | - Mengdan Xing
- Brain Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Nanhai Translational Innovation Center of Precision Immunology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Foshan, 528200, China
| | - Chuan Xiao
- Brain Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Nanhai Translational Innovation Center of Precision Immunology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Foshan, 528200, China
| | - Wenbao Cai
- Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Guangdong Province Translational Forensic Medicine Engineering Technology Research Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Lulu Bu
- Brain Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Yi Li
- Brain Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China
| | - Tae-Eun Park
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Information and Biotechnology, Ulsan National Institute of Science and Technology (UNIST), Ulsan, 44919, Republic of Korea
| | - Yamei Tang
- Brain Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
- Department of Neurology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
- Nanhai Translational Innovation Center of Precision Immunology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Foshan, 528200, China.
| | - Xiaojing Ye
- Faculty of Forensic Medicine, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
- Guangdong Province Translational Forensic Medicine Engineering Technology Research Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
| | - Wei-Jye Lin
- Brain Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Brain Function and Disease, Zhongshan School of Medicine, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Malignant Tumor Epigenetics and Gene Regulation, Guangdong-Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for RNA Medicine, Medical Research Center, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510120, China.
- Nanhai Translational Innovation Center of Precision Immunology, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Foshan, 528200, China.
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20
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Chen J, Zhou L, Zhao Q, Qi Z. A New Cell Model Overexpressing sTGFBR3 for Studying Alzheimer's Disease In vitro. Curr Pharm Des 2024; 30:552-563. [PMID: 38362698 DOI: 10.2174/0113816128278324240115104615] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/07/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent studies have suggested that abnormal microglial hyperactivation has an important role in the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD). sTGFBR3 (a shed extracellular domain of the transforming growth factor type III receptor) is a newly identified target of microglia polarization dysregulation, whose overexpression can cause abnormal accumulation of transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β1), promoting Aβ, tau, and neuroinflammatory pathology. OBJECTIVE The objective of this study is to develop and validate a new cell model overexpressing sTGFBR3 for studying AD in vitro. METHODS BV2 cells (a microglial cell derived from C57/BL6 murine) were used as a cell model. Cells were then treated with different concentrations of lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (0, 1, or 0.3 μg/mL) for 12, 24, or 48h and then with or without sodium pervanadate (100 μM) for 30 min. Next, the effect surface optimization method was used to determine optimal experimental conditions. Finally, the optimized model was used to assess the effect of ZQX series compounds and vasicine on cell viability and protein expression. Expression of TGFBR3 and TNF-α was assessed using Western blot. MTT assay was used to assess cell viability, and enzyme- linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was employed to evaluate extracellular TGF-β1 and sTGFBR3. RESULTS LPS (0.3 μg/mL) treatment for 11 h at a cell density of 60% and pervanadate concentration (100 μM) incubation for 30 min were the optimal experimental conditions for increasing membrane protein TGFBR3 overexpression, as well as extracellular sTGFBR3 and TGF-β1. Applying ZQX-5 and vasicine reversed this process by reducing extracellular TGF-β1, promoting the phosphorylation of Smad2/3, a protein downstream of TGF-β1, and inhibiting the release of the inflammatory factor TNF-α. CONCLUSION This new in vitro model may be a useful cell model for studying Alzheimer's disease in vitro.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangxia Chen
- General Hospital of Northern Theatre Command, Bei Fang Hospital of Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Lijun Zhou
- General Hospital of Northern Theatre Command, Bei Fang Hospital of Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Qingchun Zhao
- General Hospital of Northern Theatre Command, Bei Fang Hospital of Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhentong Qi
- General Hospital of Northern Theatre Command, Bei Fang Hospital of Shenyang Pharmaceutical University, Shenyang, China
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Wang X, Li B, Yu X, Zhou Y, Wang K, Gao Y. Notoginsenoside R1 ameliorates the inflammation induced by amyloid‑β by suppressing SphK1‑mediated NF‑κB activation in PC12 cells. Mol Med Rep 2024; 29:16. [PMID: 38063180 PMCID: PMC10716814 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2023.13139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2023] [Accepted: 10/25/2023] [Indexed: 12/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common type of age‑related dementia, and causes progressive memory degradation, neuronal loss and brain atrophy. The pathological hallmarks of AD consist of amyloid‑β (Aβ) plaque accumulation and abnormal neurofibrillary tangles. Amyloid fibrils are constructed from Aβ peptides, which are recognized to assemble into toxic oligomers and exert cytotoxicity. The fibrillar Aβ‑protein fragment 25‑35 (Aβ25‑35) induces local inflammation, thereby exacerbating neuronal apoptosis. Notoginsenoside R1 (NGR1), one of the primary bioactive ingredients isolated from Panax notoginseng, exhibits effective anti‑inflammatory and anti‑oxidative activities. However, NGR1 pharmacotherapies targeting Aβ‑induced inflammation and cell injury cascade remain to be elucidated. The present study investigated the effect and mechanism of NGR1 in Aβ25‑35‑treated PC12 cells. NGR1 doses between 250 and 1,000 µg/ml significantly increased cell viability suppressed by 20 µM Aβ25‑35 peptide treatment. Notably, the present study demonstrated that Aβ25‑35 peptide‑induced sphingosine kinase 1 (SphK1) signaling activation was reduced after NGR1 treatment, further inhibiting the downstream NF‑κB inflammatory signaling pathway. In addition, administration of SphK1 inhibitor II (SKI‑II), a SphK1 inhibitor, also significantly reduced Aβ25‑35 peptide‑induced apoptosis and the ratio of NF‑κB p‑p65/p65. Furthermore, SphK1 knockdown in PC12 cells using small interfering RNA alleviated Aβ‑induced cell apoptosis and inflammation, suggesting a pivotal role of SphK1 signaling in the anti‑inflammatory effect of NGR1. In summary, NGR1 alleviated inflammation and apoptosis stimulated by Aβ25‑35 by inhibiting the SphK1/NF‑κB signaling pathway and may be a promising agent for future AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaonan Wang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Bei Li
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Xiaohong Yu
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Ye Zhou
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Kaile Wang
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
| | - Yue Gao
- Department of Geriatric Medicine, Affiliated Hangzhou First People's Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310006, P.R. China
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22
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Zhao Z, Liu Y, Ruan S, Hu Y. Current Anti-Amyloid-β Therapy for Alzheimer's Disease Treatment: From Clinical Research to Nanomedicine. Int J Nanomedicine 2023; 18:7825-7845. [PMID: 38144511 PMCID: PMC10749171 DOI: 10.2147/ijn.s444115] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2023] [Accepted: 12/12/2023] [Indexed: 12/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Recent successive approval of anti-amyloid-β (Aβ) monoclonal antibodies as disease-modifying therapies against Alzheimer's disease (AD) has raised great confidence in the development of anti-AD therapies; however, the current therapies still face the dilemma of significant adverse reactions and limited effects. In this review, we summarized the therapeutic characteristics of the approved anti-Aβ immunotherapies and dialectically analyzed the gains and losses from clinical trials. The review further proposed the reasonable selection of animal models in preclinical studies from the perspective of different animal models of Aβ deposition and deals in-depth with the recent advances of exploring preclinical nanomedical application in Aβ targeted therapy, aiming to provide a reliable systematic summary for the development of novel anti-Aβ therapies. Collectively, this review comprehensively dissects the pioneering work of Aβ-targeted therapies and proposed perspective insight into AD-modified therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixuan Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Translational Research Institute for Neurological Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, 241000, People’s Republic of China
- The Institute of Brain Science, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yun Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Translational Research Institute for Neurological Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, 241000, People’s Republic of China
- The Institute of Brain Science, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shirong Ruan
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Translational Research Institute for Neurological Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, 241000, People’s Republic of China
- The Institute of Brain Science, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241000, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yixuan Hu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Translational Research Institute for Neurological Disorders, The First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital of Wannan Medical College), Wuhu, 241000, People’s Republic of China
- The Institute of Brain Science, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241000, People’s Republic of China
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23
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He J, Liu F, Xu T, Ma J, Yu H, Zhao J, Xie Y, Luo L, Yang Q, Lou T, He L, Sun D. The role of hydrogen therapy in Alzheimer's disease management: Insights into mechanisms, administration routes, and future challenges. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 168:115807. [PMID: 37913734 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115807] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2023] [Revised: 10/25/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a progressive neurodegenerative disorder predominantly affecting the elderly. While conventional pharmacological therapies remain the primary treatment for AD, their efficacy is limited effectiveness and often associated with significant side effects. This underscores the urgent need to explore alternative, non-pharmacological interventions. Oxidative stress has been identified as a central player in AD pathology, influencing various aspects including amyloid-beta metabolism, tau phosphorylation, autophagy, neuroinflammation, mitochondrial dysfunction, and synaptic dysfunction. Among the emerging non-drug approaches, hydrogen therapy has garnered attention for its potential in mitigating these pathological conditions. This review provides a comprehensively overview of the therapeutic potential of hydrogen in AD. We delve into its mechanisms of action, administration routes, and discuss the current challenges and future prospects, with the aim of providing valuable insights to facilitate the clinical application of hydrogen-based therapies in AD management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiaxuan He
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Fan Liu
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Ting Xu
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Jiahui Ma
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Haiyang Yu
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Jing Zhao
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China
| | - Yanyan Xie
- The Affiliated Kangning Hospital of Wenzhou Medical University, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Li Luo
- Dongguan Hospital, Southern Medical University, Dongguan 523059, China
| | - Qinsi Yang
- Wenzhou Institute, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wenzhou 325000, China
| | - Ting Lou
- Yiwu Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Yiwu 322000, China.
| | - Luqing He
- Department of Science and Education, the Third People's Hospital Health Care Group of Cixi, Ningbo 315300, China.
| | - Da Sun
- Institute of Life Sciences & Biomedical Collaborative Innovation Center of Zhejiang Province, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou 325035, China.
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24
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Congdon EE, Ji C, Tetlow AM, Jiang Y, Sigurdsson EM. Tau-targeting therapies for Alzheimer disease: current status and future directions. Nat Rev Neurol 2023; 19:715-736. [PMID: 37875627 PMCID: PMC10965012 DOI: 10.1038/s41582-023-00883-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 09/20/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer disease (AD) is the most common cause of dementia in older individuals. AD is characterized pathologically by amyloid-β (Aβ) plaques and tau neurofibrillary tangles in the brain, with associated loss of synapses and neurons, which eventually results in dementia. Many of the early attempts to develop treatments for AD focused on Aβ, but a lack of efficacy of these treatments in terms of slowing disease progression led to a change of strategy towards targeting of tau pathology. Given that tau shows a stronger correlation with symptom severity than does Aβ, targeting of tau is more likely to be efficacious once cognitive decline begins. Anti-tau therapies initially focused on post-translational modifications, inhibition of tau aggregation and stabilization of microtubules. However, trials of many potential drugs were discontinued because of toxicity and/or lack of efficacy. Currently, the majority of tau-targeting agents in clinical trials are immunotherapies. In this Review, we provide an update on the results from the initial immunotherapy trials and an overview of new therapeutic candidates that are in clinical development, as well as considering future directions for tau-targeting therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erin E Congdon
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Changyi Ji
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Amber M Tetlow
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Yixiang Jiang
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA
| | - Einar M Sigurdsson
- Department of Neuroscience and Physiology, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Neuroscience Institute, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Psychiatry, New York University Grossman School of Medicine, New York, NY, USA.
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25
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Zhao Y, Liu X, Liu X, Zhang J, Zhang Y, Wen Y, Yang G. Salvianolic acid B exerts protective effects against Aβ-induced neuroinflammation through the inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation and switching of M1/M2 polarization. Tissue Cell 2023; 85:102260. [PMID: 37913602 DOI: 10.1016/j.tice.2023.102260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 10/07/2023] [Accepted: 10/24/2023] [Indexed: 11/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Salvianolic acid B (SalB) is a bioactive extract of Salvia miltiorrhiza with the ability to ameliorate amyloid beta (Aβ)-induced neuronal degeneration and neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the underlying mechanisms of this action have not been elucidated. Herein, we aimed to investigate whether the neuroprotective effect of SalB is attributable to the modulation of microglial polarization and NLRP3 inflammasome-mediated neuroinflammation. METHODS Based on the TMT-labeled proteomics analysis, immunofluorescence, western blot and quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) were employed to investigate the effects of SalB on neuroinflammation in Aβ1-42-stimulated BV2 microglia cells. RESULTS At the proteomic level, a total of 6631 proteins were quantified, and of these, 104 were significantly influenced under Aβ1-42 treatment. The expression of 36 Aβ1-42-induced differentially expressed proteins were significantly recovered by SalB treatment (13 upregulated and 23 downregulated). NLRP3 was significantly recovered and was identified as one of the hub proteins. Consistent with the result of the proteomic analysis, western blot and qRT-PCR demonstrated that SalB reduced Aβ1-42-induced NLRP3 upregulation at both the protein and mRNA levels. In addition, SalB significantly blocked M1 microglia polarization, enhanced M2 microglial polarization, and inhibited the production of caspase-1 and interleukin-1β in BV2 microglia cells. CONCLUSION our study demonstrated, for the first time, that the anti-inflammatory effects of SalB were mediated by the regulation of NLRP3 activation and promotion of microglial M2 polarization, indicating the potential of SalB as a novel therapeutic candidate for AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuan Zhao
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, PR China
| | - Xin Liu
- Department of Neurosurgery, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, PR China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, PR China
| | - Jian Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, PR China
| | - Yidan Zhang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, PR China
| | - Ya Wen
- Department of Neurology, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, PR China.
| | - Guofeng Yang
- Department of Geriatrics, The Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei, PR China.
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26
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Quintela-López T, Lezmy J. Homeostatic plasticity of axonal excitable sites in Alzheimer's disease. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1277251. [PMID: 37937068 PMCID: PMC10626477 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1277251] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2023] [Accepted: 10/06/2023] [Indexed: 11/09/2023] Open
Affiliation(s)
| | - Jonathan Lezmy
- Department of Neuroscience, Physiology & Pharmacology, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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27
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Kim DY, Park J, Han IO. Hexosamine biosynthetic pathway and O-GlcNAc cycling of glucose metabolism in brain function and disease. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2023; 325:C981-C998. [PMID: 37602414 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00191.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 08/03/2023] [Accepted: 08/03/2023] [Indexed: 08/22/2023]
Abstract
Impaired brain glucose metabolism is considered a hallmark of brain dysfunction and neurodegeneration. Disruption of the hexosamine biosynthetic pathway (HBP) and subsequent O-linked N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) cycling has been identified as an emerging link between altered glucose metabolism and defects in the brain. Myriads of cytosolic and nuclear proteins in the nervous system are modified at serine or threonine residues with a single N-acetylglucosamine (O-GlcNAc) molecule by O-GlcNAc transferase (OGT), which can be removed by β-N-acetylglucosaminidase (O-GlcNAcase, OGA). Homeostatic regulation of O-GlcNAc cycling is important for the maintenance of normal brain activity. Although significant evidence linking dysregulated HBP metabolism and aberrant O-GlcNAc cycling to induction or progression of neuronal diseases has been obtained, the issue of whether altered O-GlcNAcylation is causal in brain pathogenesis remains uncertain. Elucidation of the specific functions and regulatory mechanisms of individual O-GlcNAcylated neuronal proteins in both normal and diseased states may facilitate the identification of novel therapeutic targets for various neuronal disorders. The information presented in this review highlights the importance of HBP/O-GlcNAcylation in the neuronal system and summarizes the roles and potential mechanisms of O-GlcNAcylated neuronal proteins in maintaining normal brain function and initiation and progression of neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Yeol Kim
- Department of Biomedical Science, Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Jiwon Park
- Department of Biomedical Science, Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea
| | - Inn-Oc Han
- Department of Biomedical Science, Program in Biomedical Science and Engineering, College of Medicine, Inha University, Incheon, South Korea
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He C, Li Z, Yang M, Yu W, Luo R, Zhou J, He J, Chen Q, Song Z, Cheng S. Non-Coding RNA in Microglia Activation and Neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's Disease. J Inflamm Res 2023; 16:4165-4211. [PMID: 37753266 PMCID: PMC10519213 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s422114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by complex pathophysiological features. Amyloid plaques resulting from extracellular amyloid deposition and neurofibrillary tangles formed by intracellular hyperphosphorylated tau accumulation serve as primary neuropathological criteria for AD diagnosis. The activation of microglia has been closely associated with these pathological manifestations. Non-coding RNA (ncRNA), a versatile molecule involved in various cellular functions such as genetic information storage and transport, as well as catalysis of biochemical reactions, plays a crucial role in microglial activation. This review aims to investigate the regulatory role of ncRNAs in protein expression by directly targeting genes, proteins, and interactions. Furthermore, it explores the ability of ncRNAs to modulate inflammatory pathways, influence the expression of inflammatory factors, and regulate microglia activation, all of which contribute to neuroinflammation and AD. However, there are still significant controversies surrounding microglial activation and polarization. The categorization into M1 and M2 phenotypes may oversimplify the intricate and multifaceted regulatory processes in microglial response to neuroinflammation. Limited research has been conducted on the role of ncRNAs in regulating microglial activation and inducing distinct polarization states in the context of neuroinflammation. Moreover, the regulatory mechanisms through which ncRNAs govern microglial function continue to be refined. The current understanding of ncRNA regulatory pathways involved in microglial activation remains incomplete and may be influenced by spatial, temporal, and tissue-specific factors. Therefore, further in-depth investigations are warranted. In conclusion, there are ongoing debates and uncertainties regarding the activation and polarization of microglial cells, particularly concerning the categorization into M1 and M2 phenotypes. The study of ncRNA regulation in microglial activation and polarization, as well as its mechanisms, is still in its early stages and requires further investigation. However, this review offers new insights and opportunities for therapeutic approaches in AD. The development of ncRNA-based drugs may hold promise as a new direction in AD treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunxiang He
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ze Li
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Miao Yang
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Yu
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Rongsiqing Luo
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jinyong Zhou
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Jiawei He
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qi Chen
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Zhenyan Song
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
| | - Shaowu Cheng
- School of Integrated Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine on Prevention and Treatment of Cardio-Cerebral Diseases, College of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Hunan University of Chinese Medicine, Changsha, Hunan, People’s Republic of China
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Bae EJ, Pérez-Acuña D, Rhee KH, Lee SJ. Changes in oligodendroglial subpopulations in Parkinson's disease. Mol Brain 2023; 16:65. [PMID: 37710343 PMCID: PMC10500805 DOI: 10.1186/s13041-023-01055-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2023] [Accepted: 09/06/2023] [Indexed: 09/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterized by a selective loss of dopaminergic neurons. While most research on PD conducted to date has focused on neurons and, to a certain extent, glia, few studies have investigated changes in oligodendroglia. Here, we investigated the heterogeneity of oligodendrocytes from PD patients compared with those of control cases by analyzing single-nuclei transcriptomes. These analyses revealed the presence of distinct oligodendrocyte populations in PD patients indicative of corresponding variations in molecular features, notably including activation of inflammatory responses, response to protein folding stress, and myelination abnormalities. We confirmed myelination abnormalities in an α-synuclein preformed fibril-injection mouse model of PD. These results suggest that oligodendrocytes acquire disease-associated phenotypes in PD and may contribute to the accompanying neurodegeneration.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eun-Jin Bae
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongro-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea.
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
| | - Dayana Pérez-Acuña
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongro-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
| | - Ka Hyun Rhee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongro-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea
- Department of Biochemistry, Molecular Biology and Biophysics, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN, 55455, USA
| | - Seung-Jae Lee
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, Seoul National University College of Medicine, 103 Daehak-ro, Jongro-gu, Seoul, 03080, South Korea.
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
- Convergence Research Center for Dementia, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, South Korea.
- Neuramedy Co., Ltd, Seoul, South Korea.
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Kim JH, Afridi R, Lee WH, Suk K. Analyzing the glial proteome in Alzheimer's disease. Expert Rev Proteomics 2023; 20:197-209. [PMID: 37724426 DOI: 10.1080/14789450.2023.2260955] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/20/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder characterized by progressive cognitive decline, memory loss, and changes in behavior. Accumulating evidence indicates that dysfunction of glial cells, including astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes, may contribute to the development and progression of AD. Large-scale analysis of glial proteins sheds light on their roles in cellular processes and diseases. In AD, glial proteomics has been utilized to understand glia-based pathophysiology and identify potential biomarkers and therapeutic targets. AREA COVERED In this review, we provide an updated overview of proteomic analysis of glia in the context of AD. Additionally, we discuss current challenges in the field, involving glial complexity and heterogeneity, and describe some cutting-edge proteomic technologies to address them. EXPERT OPINION Unbiased comprehensive analysis of glial proteomes aids our understanding of the molecular and cellular mechanisms of AD pathogenesis. These investigations highlight the crucial role of glial cells and provide novel insights into the mechanisms of AD pathology. A deeper understanding of the AD-related glial proteome could offer a repertoire of potential biomarkers and therapeutics. Further technical advancement of glial proteomics will enable us to identify proteins within individual cells and specific cell types, thus significantly enhancing our comprehension of AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jong-Heon Kim
- Brain Science & Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Ruqayya Afridi
- Department of Pharmacology, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Won-Ha Lee
- Brain Science & Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- School of Life Sciences, BK21 Plus KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
| | - Kyoungho Suk
- Brain Science & Engineering Institute, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
- Department of Pharmacology, BK21 Plus KNU Biomedical Convergence Program, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Republic of Korea
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Furuta Y, Zhou Z. How do necrotic cells expose phosphatidylserine to attract their predators—What’s unique and what’s in common with apoptotic cells. Front Cell Dev Biol 2023; 11:1170551. [PMID: 37091984 PMCID: PMC10113483 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2023.1170551] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/27/2023] [Indexed: 04/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Phosphatidylserine (PS) is a lipid component of the plasma membrane. It is asymmetrically distributed to the inner leaflet in live cells. In cells undergoing apoptosis, phosphatidylserine is exposed to the outer surfaces. The exposed phosphatidylserine acts as an evolutionarily conserved “eat-me” signal that attracts neighboring engulfing cells in metazoan organisms, including the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans, the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster, and mammals. During apoptosis, the exposure of phosphatidylserine to the outer surface of a cell is driven by the membrane scramblases and flippases, the activities of which are regulated by caspases. Cells undergoing necrosis, a kind of cell death frequently associated with cellular injuries and morphologically distinct from apoptosis, were initially believed to allow passive exposure of phosphatidylserine through membrane rupture. Later studies revealed that necrotic cells actively expose phosphatidylserine before any rupture occurs. A recent study in C. elegans further reported that the calcium ion (Ca2+) plays an essential role in promoting the exposure of phosphatidylserine on the surfaces of necrotic cells. These findings indicate that necrotic and apoptotic cells, which die through different molecular mechanisms, use common and unique mechanisms for promoting the exposure of the same “eat me” signal. This article will review the mechanisms regulating the exposure of phosphatidylserine on the surfaces of necrotic and apoptotic cells and highlight their similarities and differences.
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Twarowski B, Herbet M. Inflammatory Processes in Alzheimer's Disease-Pathomechanism, Diagnosis and Treatment: A Review. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:6518. [PMID: 37047492 PMCID: PMC10095343 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076518] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2023] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/29/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is one of the most commonly diagnosed cases of senile dementia in the world. It is an incurable process, most often leading to death. This disease is multifactorial, and one factor of this is inflammation. Numerous mediators secreted by inflammatory cells can cause neuronal degeneration. Neuritis may coexist with other mechanisms of Alzheimer's disease, contributing to disease progression, and may also directly underlie AD. Although much has been established about the inflammatory processes in the pathogenesis of AD, many aspects remain unexplained. The work is devoted in particular to the pathomechanism of inflammation and its role in diagnosis and treatment. An in-depth and detailed understanding of the pathomechanism of neuroinflammation in Alzheimer's disease may help in the development of diagnostic methods for early diagnosis and may contribute to the development of new therapeutic strategies for the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Mariola Herbet
- Chair and Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Medical University of Lublin, Jaczewskiego 8b Street, 20-090 Lublin, Poland
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Chau SC, Chong PS, Jin H, Tsui KC, Khairuddin S, Tse ACK, Lew SY, Tipoe GL, Lee CW, Fung ML, Wong KH, Lim LW. Hericium erinaceus Promotes Anti-Inflammatory Effects and Regulation of Metabolites in an Animal Model of Cerebellar Ataxia. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24076089. [PMID: 37047062 PMCID: PMC10094689 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24076089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2023] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Cerebellar ataxia is a neurodegenerative disorder with no definitive treatment. Although previous study demonstrated the neuroprotective effects of Hericium erinaceus (H.E.), the mechanisms of H.E. treatment on the neuroinflammatory response, neurotransmission, and related metabolites remain largely unknown. We demonstrated that 3-AP rats treated with 25 mg/kg H.E. extracts had improved motor coordination and balance in the accelerated rotarod and rod tests. We showed that the H.E. treatment upregulated the expression of Tgfb1, Tgfb2, and Smad3 genes to levels comparable to those in the non-3-AP control group. Interestingly, we also observed a significant correlation between Tgfb2 gene expression and rod test performance in the 3-AP saline group, but not in the non-3-AP control or H.E.+3-AP groups, indicating a relationship between Tgfb2 gene expression and motor balance in the 3-AP rat model. Additionally, we also found that the H.E. treatment increased mitochondrial COX-IV protein expression and normalized dopamine-serotonin neurotransmission and metabolite levels in the cerebellum of the H.E.+3-AP group compared to the 3-AP saline group. In conclusion, our findings suggest that the H.E. treatment improved motor function in the 3-AP rat model, which was potentially mediated through neuroprotective mechanisms involving TGFB2-Smad3 signaling via normalization of neurotransmission and metabolic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sze Chun Chau
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Pit Shan Chong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Hongkai Jin
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ka Chun Tsui
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sharafuddin Khairuddin
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Anna Chung Kwan Tse
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Sze Yuen Lew
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - George Lim Tipoe
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Chi Wai Lee
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Man-Lung Fung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Kah Hui Wong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, Malaysia
| | - Lee Wei Lim
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Filippini A, Salvi V, Dattilo V, Magri C, Castrezzati S, Veerhuis R, Bosisio D, Gennarelli M, Russo I. LRRK2 Kinase Inhibition Attenuates Astrocytic Activation in Response to Amyloid β 1-42 Fibrils. Biomolecules 2023; 13:biom13020307. [PMID: 36830676 PMCID: PMC9953366 DOI: 10.3390/biom13020307] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Revised: 01/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/31/2023] [Indexed: 02/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Intracerebral accumulation of amyloid-β in the extracellular plaques of Alzheimer's disease (AD) brains represents the main cause of reactive astrogliosis and neuroinflammatory response. Of relevance, leucine-rich repeat kinase 2 (LRRK2), a kinase linked to genetic and sporadic Parkinson's disease (PD), has been identified as a positive mediator of neuroinflammation upon different inflammatory stimuli, however its pathogenicity in AD remains mainly unexplored. In this study, by using pharmacological inhibition of LRRK2 and murine primary astrocytes, we explored whether LRRK2 regulates astrocytic activation in response to amyloid-β1-42 (Aβ1-42). Our results showed that murine primary astrocytes become reactive and recruit serine 935 phosphorylated LRRK2 upon Aβ1-42 fibril exposure. Moreover, we found that pharmacological inhibition of LRRK2, with two different kinase inhibitors, can attenuate Aβ1-42-mediated inflammation and favor the clearance of Aβ1-42 fibrils in astrocytes. Overall, our findings report that LRRK2 kinase activity modulates astrocytic reactivity and functions in the presence of Aβ1-42 deposits and indicate that PD-linked LRRK2 might contribute to AD-related neuroinflammation and pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alice Filippini
- IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25125 Brescia, Italy
| | - Valentina Salvi
- Oncology and Experimental Immunology Unit, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Vincenzo Dattilo
- IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25125 Brescia, Italy
| | - Chiara Magri
- Biology and Genetics Unit, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Stefania Castrezzati
- Human Anatomy Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences and Biotechnologies, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Robert Veerhuis
- Amsterdam UMC, Psychiatry, Amsterdam Public Health Research Institute and Neuroscience Amsterdam, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam UMC, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Vrije Universiteit Amsterdam, 1081 HV Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Daniela Bosisio
- Oncology and Experimental Immunology Unit, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Massimo Gennarelli
- IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25125 Brescia, Italy
- Biology and Genetics Unit, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
| | - Isabella Russo
- IRCCS Istituto Centro San Giovanni di Dio Fatebenefratelli, 25125 Brescia, Italy
- Biology and Genetics Unit, Department of Molecular and Translational Medicine, University of Brescia, 25123 Brescia, Italy
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +39-030-371-7461; Fax: +39-030-370-1157
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Kara B, Gordon MN, Gifani M, Dorrance AM, Counts SE. Vascular and Nonvascular Mechanisms of Cognitive Impairment and Dementia. Clin Geriatr Med 2023; 39:109-122. [PMID: 36404024 PMCID: PMC10062062 DOI: 10.1016/j.cger.2022.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Aging, familial gene mutations, and genetic, environmental, and modifiable lifestyle risk factors predispose individuals to cognitive impairment or dementia by influencing the efficacy of multiple, often interdependent cellular and molecular homeostatic pathways mediating neuronal, glial, and vascular integrity and, ultimately, cognitive status. This review summarizes data from foundational and recent breakthrough studies to highlight common and differential vascular and nonvascular pathogenic mechanisms underlying the progression of Alzheimer disease, vascular dementia, frontotemporal dementia, and dementia with Lewy bodies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Betul Kara
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Michigan State University, 400 Monroe Avenue Northwest, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Marcia N Gordon
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Michigan State University, 400 Monroe Avenue Northwest, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Mahsa Gifani
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Michigan State University, 400 Monroe Avenue Northwest, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA
| | - Anne M Dorrance
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Michigan State University, 1355 Bogue Street, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA
| | - Scott E Counts
- Department of Translational Neuroscience, Michigan State University, 400 Monroe Avenue Northwest, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA; Department of Family Medicine, Michigan State University, 15 Michigan Street Northeast, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA; Hauenstein Neurosciences Center, Mercy Health Saint Mary's Medical Center, 20 Jefferson Avenue Southeast, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA.
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Kong D, Park KH, Kim DH, Kim NG, Lee SE, Shin N, Kook MG, Kim YB, Kang KS. Cortical-blood vessel assembloids exhibit Alzheimer's disease phenotypes by activating glia after SARS-CoV-2 infection. Cell Death Dis 2023; 9:32. [PMID: 36697403 PMCID: PMC9876421 DOI: 10.1038/s41420-022-01288-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/04/2022] [Revised: 12/13/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 01/26/2023]
Abstract
A correlation between COVID-19 and Alzheimer's disease (AD) has been proposed recently. Although the number of case reports on neuroinflammation in COVID-19 patients has increased, studies of SARS-CoV-2 neurotrophic pathology using brain organoids have restricted recapitulation of those phenotypes due to insufficiency of immune cells and absence of vasculature. Cerebral pericytes and endothelial cells, the major components of blood-brain barrier, express viral entry receptors for SARS-CoV-2 and response to systemic inflammation including direct cell death. To overcome the limitations, we developed cortical-blood vessel assembloids by fusing cortical organoid with blood vessel organoid to provide vasculature to brain organoids a nd obtained the characteristics of increased expression of microglia and astrocytes in brain organoids. Furthermore, we observed AD pathologies, including β-amyloid plaques, which were affected by the inflammatory response from SARS-CoV-2 infection. These findings provide an advanced platform to investigate human neurotrophic diseases, including COVID-19, and suggest that neuroinflammation caused by viral infection facilitates AD pathology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dasom Kong
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Adult Stem Cell Research Center and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Ki Hoon Park
- Department of Research and Development, KR BIOTECH CO., Ltd., Seoul, 05029 Republic of Korea
| | - Da-Hyun Kim
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Adult Stem Cell Research Center and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Nam Gyo Kim
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Adult Stem Cell Research Center and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Seung-Eun Lee
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Adult Stem Cell Research Center and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Nari Shin
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Adult Stem Cell Research Center and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Myung Geun Kook
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Adult Stem Cell Research Center and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
| | - Young Bong Kim
- grid.258676.80000 0004 0532 8339Department of Biomedical Science and Engineering, Konkuk Institute of Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, 05029 Republic of Korea
| | - Kyung-Sun Kang
- grid.31501.360000 0004 0470 5905Adult Stem Cell Research Center and Research Institute for Veterinary Science, College of Veterinary Medicine, Seoul National University, Seoul, 08826 Republic of Korea
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37
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Jayaswamy PK, Vijaykrishnaraj M, Patil P, Alexander LM, Kellarai A, Shetty P. Implicative role of epidermal growth factor receptor and its associated signaling partners in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease. Ageing Res Rev 2023; 83:101791. [PMID: 36403890 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2022.101791] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2022] [Revised: 11/12/2022] [Accepted: 11/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) plays a pivotal role in early brain development, although its expression pattern declines in accordance with the maturation of the active nervous system. However, recurrence of EGFR expression in brain cells takes place during neural functioning decline and brain atrophy in order to maintain the homeostatic neuronal pool. As a consequence, neurotoxic lesions such as amyloid beta fragment (Aβ1-42) formed during the alternative splicing of amyloid precursor protein in Alzheimer's disease (AD) elevate the expression of EGFR. This inappropriate peptide deposition on EGFR results in the sustained phosphorylation of the downstream signaling axis, leading to extensive Aβ1-42 production and tau phosphorylation as subsequent pathogenesis. Recent reports convey that the pathophysiology of AD is correlated with EGFR and its associated membrane receptor complex molecules. One such family of molecules is the annexin superfamily, which has synergistic relationships with EGFR and is known for membrane-bound signaling that contributes to a variety of inflammatory responses. Besides, Galectin-3, tissue-type activated plasminogen activator, and many more, which lineate the secretion of pro-inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IL-1β, IL-6, and IL-18) result in severe neuronal loss. Altogether, we emphasized the perspectives of cellular senescence up-regulated by EGFR and its associated membrane receptor molecules in the pathogenesis of AD as a target for a therapeutical alternative to intervene in AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavan K Jayaswamy
- Central Research Laboratory, KS. Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - M Vijaykrishnaraj
- Central Research Laboratory, KS. Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Prakash Patil
- Central Research Laboratory, KS. Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Lobo Manuel Alexander
- Department of Neurology, KS. Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Adithi Kellarai
- Department of General Medicine, KS. Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore 575018, Karnataka, India
| | - Praveenkumar Shetty
- Central Research Laboratory, KS. Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore 575018, Karnataka, India; Department of Biochemistry, K.S. Hegde Medical Academy, Nitte (Deemed to be University), Deralakatte, Mangalore 575018, Karnataka, India.
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Shi JM, Liu H, Cai L, Guo YB, Ma H, Li YS, Li SD, Zhang ZY, Ma YD, Guo CH. Identification and functional comparison of primary astrocytes and microglia. J Neurosci Methods 2023; 383:109731. [PMID: 36283489 DOI: 10.1016/j.jneumeth.2022.109731] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2022] [Revised: 10/18/2022] [Accepted: 10/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/05/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Jing-Ming Shi
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Genetic Mechanisms and Intervention Research on High Altitude Disease of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xian Yang, Shaanxi Province 712082, China.
| | - Hang Liu
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Genetic Mechanisms and Intervention Research on High Altitude Disease of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xian Yang, Shaanxi Province 712082, China
| | - Long Cai
- Maternity and Children's Hospital of Tibet Autonomous Region, Lhasa, Tibet Autonomous Region 850000, China
| | - Yi-Bo Guo
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Genetic Mechanisms and Intervention Research on High Altitude Disease of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xian Yang, Shaanxi Province 712082, China
| | - Hui Ma
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Genetic Mechanisms and Intervention Research on High Altitude Disease of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xian Yang, Shaanxi Province 712082, China
| | - Yan-Song Li
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Genetic Mechanisms and Intervention Research on High Altitude Disease of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xian Yang, Shaanxi Province 712082, China
| | - Sha-Di Li
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Genetic Mechanisms and Intervention Research on High Altitude Disease of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xian Yang, Shaanxi Province 712082, China
| | - Ze-Yu Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Genetic Mechanisms and Intervention Research on High Altitude Disease of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xian Yang, Shaanxi Province 712082, China
| | - Yan-Dong Ma
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Genetic Mechanisms and Intervention Research on High Altitude Disease of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xian Yang, Shaanxi Province 712082, China
| | - Cheng-Hui Guo
- Key Laboratory for Molecular Genetic Mechanisms and Intervention Research on High Altitude Disease of Tibet Autonomous Region, School of Medicine, Xizang Minzu University, Xian Yang, Shaanxi Province 712082, China
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Wang ZB, Ma YH, Sun Y, Tan L, Wang HF, Yu JT. Interleukin-3 is associated with sTREM2 and mediates the correlation between amyloid-β and tau pathology in Alzheimer's disease. J Neuroinflammation 2022; 19:316. [PMID: 36578067 PMCID: PMC9798566 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-022-02679-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Dysfunction of glial cell communication is involved in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis, and the recent study reported that astrocytic secreted interleukin-3 (IL-3) participated in astrocyte-microglia crosstalk and restricted AD pathology in mice, but the effect of IL-3 on the pathological progression of AD in human is still unclear. METHODS A total of 311 participants with cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) IL-3, soluble triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells 2 (sTREM2), and AD biomarkers were included from the Alzheimer's disease Neuroimaging Initiative (ADNI). We assessed the associations of IL-3 with sTREM2 and AD biomarkers at baseline, and with cognitive change in longitudinal study. The mediation models were used to explore the potential mechanism of how IL-3 affects AD pathology. RESULTS We found that CSF IL-3 was significantly associated with CSF sTREM2 and CSF AD core biomarkers (Aβ42, p-tau, and t-tau) at baseline, and was also markedly related to cognitive decline in longitudinal analysis. Moreover, mediation analysis revealed that CSF IL-3 modulated the level of CSF sTREM2 and contributed to tau pathology (as measured by CSF p-tau/t-tau) and subsequent cognitive decline. In addition, Aβ pathology (as measured by CSF Aβ42) affected the development of tau pathology partly by modifying the levels of CSF IL-3 and CSF sTREM2. Furthermore, the effect of Aβ pathology on cognitive decline was partially mediated by the pathway from CSF IL-3 and CSF sTREM2 to tau pathology. CONCLUSIONS Our findings provide evidence to suggest that IL-3 is linked to sTREM2 and mediates the correlation between Aβ pathology to tau pathology. It indicates that IL-3 may be a major factor in the spreading from Aβ pathology to tau pathology to cognitive impairment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhi-Bo Wang
- grid.410645.20000 0001 0455 0905Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, No. 5 Donghai Middle Road, Qingdao, China
| | - Ya-Hui Ma
- grid.410645.20000 0001 0455 0905Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, No. 5 Donghai Middle Road, Qingdao, China
| | - Yan Sun
- grid.410645.20000 0001 0455 0905Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, No. 5 Donghai Middle Road, Qingdao, China
| | - Lan Tan
- grid.410645.20000 0001 0455 0905Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, No. 5 Donghai Middle Road, Qingdao, China
| | - Hui-Fu Wang
- grid.410645.20000 0001 0455 0905Department of Neurology, Qingdao Municipal Hospital, Qingdao University, No. 5 Donghai Middle Road, Qingdao, China ,grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443Institute of Science and Technology for Brain-Inspired Intelligence, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jin-Tai Yu
- grid.8547.e0000 0001 0125 2443State Key Laboratory of Medical Neurobiology and MOE Frontiers Center for Brain Science, Department of Neurology and Institute of Neurology, Huashan Hospital, Shanghai Medical College, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Kolosova NG, Kozhevnikova OS, Muraleva NA, Rudnitskaya EA, Rumyantseva YV, Stefanova NA, Telegina DV, Tyumentsev MA, Fursova AZ. SkQ1 as a Tool for Controlling Accelerated Senescence Program: Experiments with OXYS Rats. BIOCHEMISTRY. BIOKHIMIIA 2022; 87:1552-1562. [PMID: 36717446 DOI: 10.1134/s0006297922120124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023]
Abstract
According to the concept suggested by V. P. Skulachev and co-authors, aging of living organisms can be considered as a special case of programmed death of an organism - phenoptosis, and mitochondrial antioxidant SkQ1 is capable of inhibiting both acute and chronic phenoptosis (aging). The authors of the concept associate effects of SkQ1 with suppression of the enhanced generation of ROS in mitochondria. Numerous studies have confirmed the ability of SkQ1 to inhibit manifestations of the "healthy", or physiological, aging. According to the results of our studies, SkQ1 is especially effective in suppressing the program of genetically determined accelerated senescence in OXYS rats, which appears as an early development of a complex of age-related diseases: cataracts, retinopathy (similar to the age-related macular degeneration in humans), osteoporosis, and signs of Alzheimer's disease. Accelerated senescence in OXYS rats is associated with mitochondrial dysfunction, but no direct associations with oxidative stress have been identified. Nevertheless, SkQ1 is able to prevent and/or suppress development of all manifestations of accelerated senescence in OXYS rats. Its effects are due to impact on the activity of many signaling pathways and processes, but first of all they are associated with restoration of the structural and functional parameters of mitochondria. It could be suggested that the use of SkQ1 could represent a promising strategy in prevention of accelerated phenoptosis - early development of a complex of age-related diseases (multimorbidity) in people predisposed to it.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nataliya G Kolosova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.
| | - Oyuna S Kozhevnikova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Natalia A Muraleva
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Ekaterina A Rudnitskaya
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Yuliya V Rumyantseva
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Natalia A Stefanova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Darya V Telegina
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Mikhail A Tyumentsev
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia
| | - Anzhella Zh Fursova
- Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences, Novosibirsk, 630090, Russia.,Novosibirsk State Medical University, Novosibirsk, 630091, Russia
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Li N, Deng M, Hu G, Li N, Yuan H, Zhou Y. New Insights into Microglial Mechanisms of Memory Impairment in Alzheimer's Disease. Biomolecules 2022; 12:1722. [PMID: 36421736 PMCID: PMC9687453 DOI: 10.3390/biom12111722] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2022] [Revised: 11/16/2022] [Accepted: 11/17/2022] [Indexed: 09/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is the most common progressive and irreversible neurodegeneration characterized by the impairment of memory and cognition. Despite years of studies, no effective treatment and prevention strategies are available yet. Identifying new AD therapeutic targets is crucial for better elucidating the pathogenesis and establishing a valid treatment of AD. Growing evidence suggests that microglia play a critical role in AD. Microglia are resident macrophages in the central nervous system (CNS), and their core properties supporting main biological functions include surveillance, phagocytosis, and the release of soluble factors. Activated microglia not only directly mediate the central immune response, but also participate in the pathological changes of AD, including amyloid-beta (Aβ) aggregation, tau protein phosphorylation, synaptic dissection, neuron loss, memory function decline, etc. Based on these recent findings, we provide a new framework to summarize the role of microglia in AD memory impairment. This evidence suggests that microglia have the potential to become new targets for AD therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Li
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
- Department of Medicine, Qingdao Binhai University, Qingdao 266555, China
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Mingru Deng
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Qingdao Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Gonghui Hu
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
| | - Nan Li
- Department of Health and Life Sciences, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao 266000, China
| | - Haicheng Yuan
- Department of Neurology, Affiliated Qingdao Central Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266042, China
| | - Yu Zhou
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, Affiliated Hospital of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266000, China
- Department of Physiology and Pathophysiology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
- Department of Health and Life Sciences, University of Health and Rehabilitation Sciences, Qingdao 266000, China
- Institute of Brain Sciences and Related Disorders, Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, China
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Rodríguez-Giraldo M, González-Reyes RE, Ramírez-Guerrero S, Bonilla-Trilleras CE, Guardo-Maya S, Nava-Mesa MO. Astrocytes as a Therapeutic Target in Alzheimer's Disease-Comprehensive Review and Recent Developments. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:13630. [PMID: 36362415 PMCID: PMC9654484 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232113630] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/26/2022] [Indexed: 09/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a frequent and disabling neurodegenerative disorder, in which astrocytes participate in several pathophysiological processes including neuroinflammation, excitotoxicity, oxidative stress and lipid metabolism (along with a critical role in apolipoprotein E function). Current evidence shows that astrocytes have both neuroprotective and neurotoxic effects depending on the disease stage and microenvironmental factors. Furthermore, astrocytes appear to be affected by the presence of amyloid-beta (Aβ), with alterations in calcium levels, gliotransmission and proinflammatory activity via RAGE-NF-κB pathway. In addition, astrocytes play an important role in the metabolism of tau and clearance of Aβ through the glymphatic system. In this review, we will discuss novel pharmacological and non-pharmacological treatments focused on astrocytes as therapeutic targets for AD. These interventions include effects on anti-inflammatory/antioxidant systems, glutamate activity, lipid metabolism, neurovascular coupling and glymphatic system, calcium dysregulation, and in the release of peptides which affects glial and neuronal function. According to the AD stage, these therapies may be of benefit in either preventing or delaying the progression of the disease.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | - Mauricio O. Nava-Mesa
- Grupo de Investigación en Neurociencias (NeURos), Centro de Neurociencias Neurovitae-UR, Instituto de Medicina Traslacional (IMT), Escuela de Medicina y Ciencias de la Salud, Universidad del Rosario, Bogotá 111711, Colombia
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Wang Y, Zhu J, Jia W, Xiong H, Qiu W, Xu R, Lin Y. BACE1 Aptamer-Modified Tetrahedral Framework Nucleic Acid to Treat Alzheimer's Disease in an APP-PS1 Animal Model. ACS APPLIED MATERIALS & INTERFACES 2022; 14:44228-44238. [PMID: 36149663 DOI: 10.1021/acsami.2c14626] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease is a neurodegenerative disease caused by excessive amyloid β protein-induced neurotoxicity. However, drugs targeting amyloid β protein production face many problems, such as the low utilization rate of drugs by cells and the difficulty of drugs in penetrating the blood-brain barrier. A tetrahedral framework nucleic acid is a new type of nanonucleic acid structure that functions as a therapy and drug carrier. Here, we synthesized a BACE1 aptamer-modified tetrahedral framework nucleic acid and tested its therapeutic effect on Alzheimer's disease in vitro and in vivo. Our results demonstrated that the tetrahedral framework nucleic acid could be used as a carrier to deliver the BACE1 aptamer to the brain to reduce the production of amyloid β proteins. It also played an antiapoptotic role by reducing the production of reactive oxygen species. Thus, this nanomaterial is a potential drug for Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yangyang Wang
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sichuan provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Jianwei Zhu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sichuan provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Weiqiang Jia
- Department of neurosurgery, The First People's Hospital in Shuangliu District/West China Airport Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Huan Xiong
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sichuan provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Wenqiao Qiu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sichuan provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Ruxiang Xu
- Department of Neurosurgery, Sichuan provincial People's Hospital, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu 611731, China
| | - Yunfeng Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Oral Diseases National Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, West China Hospital of Stomatology, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, China
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García O, Flores-Aguilar L. Astroglial and microglial pathology in Down syndrome: Focus on Alzheimer's disease. Front Cell Neurosci 2022; 16:987212. [PMID: 36212691 PMCID: PMC9533652 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2022.987212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Down syndrome (DS) arises from the triplication of human chromosome 21 and is considered the most common genetic cause of intellectual disability. Glial cells, specifically astroglia and microglia, display pathological alterations that might contribute to DS neuropathological alterations. Further, in middle adulthood, people with DS develop clinical symptoms associated with premature aging and Alzheimer's disease (AD). Overexpression of the amyloid precursor protein (APP) gene, encoded on chromosome 21, leads to increased amyloid-β (Aβ) levels and subsequent formation of Aβ plaques in the brains of individuals with DS. Amyloid-β deposition might contribute to astroglial and microglial reactivity, leading to neurotoxic effects and elevated secretion of inflammatory mediators. This review discusses evidence of astroglial and microglial alterations that might be associated with the AD continuum in DS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Octavio García
- Facultad de Psicología, Unidad de Investigación en Psicobiología y Neurociencias, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Ciudad de México, Mexico
- *Correspondence: Octavio García
| | - Lisi Flores-Aguilar
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA, United States
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Tsui KC, Roy J, Chau SC, Wong KH, Shi L, Poon CH, Wang Y, Strekalova T, Aquili L, Chang RCC, Fung ML, Song YQ, Lim LW. Distribution and inter-regional relationship of amyloid-beta plaque deposition in a 5xFAD mouse model of Alzheimer’s disease. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:964336. [PMID: 35966777 PMCID: PMC9371463 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.964336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 06/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is the most common form of dementia. Although previous studies have selectively investigated the localization of amyloid-beta (Aβ) deposition in certain brain regions, a comprehensive characterization of the rostro-caudal distribution of Aβ plaques in the brain and their inter-regional correlation remain unexplored. Our results demonstrated remarkable working and spatial memory deficits in 9-month-old 5xFAD mice compared to wildtype mice. High Aβ plaque load was detected in the somatosensory cortex, piriform cortex, thalamus, and dorsal/ventral hippocampus; moderate levels of Aβ plaques were observed in the motor cortex, orbital cortex, visual cortex, and retrosplenial dysgranular cortex; and low levels of Aβ plaques were located in the amygdala, and the cerebellum; but no Aβ plaques were found in the hypothalamus, raphe nuclei, vestibular nucleus, and cuneate nucleus. Interestingly, the deposition of Aβ plaques was positively associated with brain inter-regions including the prefrontal cortex, somatosensory cortex, medial amygdala, thalamus, and the hippocampus. In conclusion, this study provides a comprehensive morphological profile of Aβ deposition in the brain and its inter-regional correlation. This suggests an association between Aβ plaque deposition and specific brain regions in AD pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ka Chun Tsui
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Jaydeep Roy
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Sze Chun Chau
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kah Hui Wong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Department of Anatomy, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Lei Shi
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Chi Him Poon
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yingyi Wang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Tatyana Strekalova
- Department of Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Maastricht, Netherlands
- Department of Normal Physiology and Laboratory of Psychiatric Neurobiology, Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - Luca Aquili
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Discipline of Psychology, College of Science, Health, Engineering, and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, WA, Australia
| | - Raymond Chuen-Chung Chang
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Man-Lung Fung
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- *Correspondence: Man-Lung Fung,
| | - You-qiang Song
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- The State Key Laboratory of Brain and Cognitive Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- You-qiang Song,
| | - Lee Wei Lim
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong SAR, China
- Lee Wei Lim,
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The Monkey Head Mushroom and Memory Enhancement in Alzheimer’s Disease. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152284. [PMID: 35892581 PMCID: PMC9331832 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152284] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2022] [Revised: 07/15/2022] [Accepted: 07/19/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder, and no effective treatments are available to treat this disorder. Therefore, researchers have been investigating Hericium erinaceus, or the monkey head mushroom, an edible medicinal mushroom, as a possible treatment for AD. In this narrative review, we evaluated six preclinical and three clinical studies of the therapeutic effects of Hericium erinaceus on AD. Preclinical trials have successfully demonstrated that extracts and bioactive compounds of Hericium erinaceus have potential beneficial effects in ameliorating cognitive functioning and behavioral deficits in animal models of AD. A limited number of clinical studies have been conducted and several clinical trials are ongoing, which have thus far shown analogous outcomes to the preclinical studies. Nonetheless, future research on Hericium erinaceus needs to focus on elucidating the specific neuroprotective mechanisms and the target sites in AD. Additionally, standardized treatment parameters and universal regulatory systems need to be established to further ensure treatment safety and efficacy. In conclusion, Hericium erinaceus has therapeutic potential and may facilitate memory enhancement in patients with AD.
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Yu WS, Aquili L, Wong KH, Lo ACY, Chan LLH, Chan YS, Lim LW. Transcorneal electrical stimulation enhances cognitive functions in aged and 5XFAD mouse models. Ann N Y Acad Sci 2022; 1515:249-265. [PMID: 35751874 DOI: 10.1111/nyas.14850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Dementia is a major burden on global health for which there are no effective treatments. The use of noninvasive visual stimulation to ameliorate cognitive deficits is a novel concept that may be applicable for treating dementia. In this study, we investigated the effects of transcorneal electrical stimulation (TES) on memory enhancement using two mouse models, in aged mice and in the 5XFAD model of Alzheimer's disease. After 3 weeks of TES treatment, mice were subjected to Y-maze and Morris water maze tests to assess hippocampal-dependent learning and memory. Immunostaining of the hippocampus of 5XFAD mice was also performed to examine the effects of TES on amyloid plaque pathology. The results showed that TES improved the performance of both aged and 5XFAD mice in memory tests. TES also reduced hippocampal plaque deposition in male, but not female, 5XFAD mice. Moreover, TES significantly reversed the downregulated level of postsynaptic protein 95 in the hippocampus of male 5XFAD mice, suggesting the effects of TES involve a postsynaptic mechanism. Overall, these findings support further investigation of TES as a potential treatment for cognitive dysfunction and mechanistic studies of TES effects in other dementia models.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wing Shan Yu
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Luca Aquili
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Discipline of Psychology, College of Science, Health, Engineering and Education, Murdoch University, Perth, Western Australia, Australia
| | - Kah Hui Wong
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Universiti Malaya, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Amy Cheuk Yin Lo
- Department of Ophthalmology, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Leanne Lai Hang Chan
- Department of Electrical Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Ying-Shing Chan
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Lee Wei Lim
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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