1
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Mahrooz A. Pleiotropic functions and clinical importance of circulating HDL-PON1 complex. Adv Clin Chem 2024; 121:132-171. [PMID: 38797541 DOI: 10.1016/bs.acc.2024.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/29/2024]
Abstract
High density lipoprotein (HDL) functions are mostly mediated through a complex proteome, particularly its enzymes. HDL can provide a scaffold for the assembly of several proteins that affect each other's function. HDL particles, particularly small, dense HDL3, are rich in paraoxonase 1 (PON1), which is an important enzyme in the functionality of HDL, so the antioxidant and antiatherogenic properties of HDL are largely attributed to this enzyme. There is an increasing need to represent a valid, reproducible, and reliable method to assay HDL function in routine clinical laboratories. In this context, HDL-associated proteins may be key players; notably PON1 activity (its arylesterase activity) may be a proper candidate because its decreased activity can be considered an important risk factor for HDL dysfunctionality. Of note, automated methods have been developed for the measurement of serum PON1 activity that facilitates its assay in large sample numbers. Arylesterase activity is proposed as a preferred activity among the different activities of PON1 for its assay in epidemiological studies. The binding of PON1 to HDL is critical for the maintenance of its activity and it appears apolipoprotein A-I plays an important role in HDL-PON1 interaction as well as in the biochemical and enzymatic properties of PON1. The interrelationships between HDL, PON1, and HDL's other components are complex and incompletely understood. The purpose of this review is to discuss biochemical and clinical evidence considering the interactions of PON1 with HDL and the role of this enzyme as an appropriate biomarker for HDL function as well as a potential therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdolkarim Mahrooz
- Immunogenetics Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Medical Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
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2
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Li J, Yan K, Wang S, Wang P, Jiao J, Dong Y. Alteration of the intestinal microbiota and serum metabolites in a mouse model of Pon1 gene ablation. FASEB J 2024; 38:e23611. [PMID: 38597925 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202302344r] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Revised: 03/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/01/2024] [Indexed: 04/11/2024]
Abstract
Mutations in the Paraoxonase 1 (Pon1) gene underlie aging, cardiovascular disease, and impairments of the nervous and gastrointestinal systems and are linked to the intestinal microbiome. The potential role of Pon1 in modulating the intestinal microbiota and serum metabolites is poorly understood. The present study demonstrated that mice with genomic excision of Pon1 by a multiplexed guide RNA CRISPR/Cas9 approach exhibited disrupted gut microbiota, such as significantly depressed alpha-diversity and distinctly separated beta diversity, accompanied by varied profiles of circulating metabolites. Furthermore, genomic knock in of Pon1 exerted a distinct effect on the intestinal microbiome and serum metabolome, including dramatically enriched Aerococcus, linoleic acid and depleted Bacillus, indolelactic acid. Specifically, a strong correlation was established between bacterial alterations and metabolites in Pon1 knockout mice. In addition, we identified metabolites related to gut bacteria in response to Pon1 knock in. Thus, the deletion of Pon1 affects the gut microbiome and functionally modifies serum metabolism, which can lead to dysbiosis, metabolic dysfunction, and infection risk. Together, these findings put forth a role for Pon1 in microbial alterations that contribute to metabolism variations. The function of Pon1 in diseases might at least partially depend on the microbiome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Li
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Kaixin Yan
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Siyuan Wang
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Pan Wang
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Jiao
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
| | - Ying Dong
- Heart Center and Beijing Key Laboratory of Hypertension, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
- Department of Cardiology, Beijing Chaoyang Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China
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3
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Sirca TB, Mureșan ME, Pallag A, Marian E, Jurca T, Vicaș LG, Tunduc IP, Manole F, Ștefan L. The Role of Polyphenols in Modulating PON1 Activity Regarding Endothelial Dysfunction and Atherosclerosis. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2962. [PMID: 38474211 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052962] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2024] [Revised: 02/24/2024] [Accepted: 03/02/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
The incidence and prevalence of cardiovascular diseases are still rising. The principal mechanism that drives them is atherosclerosis, an affection given by dyslipidemia and a pro-inflammatory state. Paraoxonase enzymes have a protective role due to their ability to contribute to antioxidant and anti-inflammatory pathways, especially paraoxonase 1 (PON1). PON1 binds with HDL (high-density lipoprotein), and high serum levels lead to a protective state against dyslipidemia, cardiovascular diseases, diabetes, stroke, nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, and many others. Modulating PON1 expression might be a treatment objective with significant results in limiting the prevalence of atherosclerosis. Lifestyle including diet and exercise can raise its levels, and some beneficial plants have been found to influence PON1 levels; therefore, more studies on herbal components are needed. Our purpose is to highlight the principal roles of Praoxonase 1, its implications in dyslipidemia, cardiovascular diseases, stroke, and other diseases, and to emphasize plants that can modulate PON1 expression, targeting the potential of some flavonoids that could be introduced as supplements in our diet and to validate the hypothesis that flavonoids have any effects regarding PON1 function.
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Affiliation(s)
- Teodora Bianca Sirca
- Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, No. 1 University Street, 410087 Oradea, Romania
| | - Mariana Eugenia Mureșan
- Doctoral School of Biomedical Sciences, University of Oradea, No. 1 University Street, 410087 Oradea, Romania
| | - Annamaria Pallag
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 29 Nicolae Jiga Street, 410028 Oradea, Romania
| | - Eleonora Marian
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 29 Nicolae Jiga Street, 410028 Oradea, Romania
| | - Tunde Jurca
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 29 Nicolae Jiga Street, 410028 Oradea, Romania
| | - Laura Grațiela Vicaș
- Department of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 29 Nicolae Jiga Street, 410028 Oradea, Romania
| | - Ioana Paula Tunduc
- Department of Cardiology, Clinical County Emergency Hospital of Bihor, Gheorghe Doja Street 65-67, 410169 Oradea, Romania
| | - Felicia Manole
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 1st December Square 10, 410073 Oradea, Romania
| | - Liana Ștefan
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, 1st December Square 10, 410073 Oradea, Romania
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Mutchler SM, Whelan SCM, Marciszyn A, Chen J, Kleyman TR, Shi S. Role of paraoxonase 3 in regulating ENaC-mediated Na + transport in the distal nephron. J Physiol 2024; 602:737-757. [PMID: 38345534 PMCID: PMC10940207 DOI: 10.1113/jp285034] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/11/2024] [Indexed: 02/18/2024] Open
Abstract
Paraoxonase 3 (PON3) is expressed in the aldosterone-sensitive distal nephron, where filtered Na+ is reabsorbed mainly via the epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) and Na+ -coupled co-transporters. We previously showed that PON3 negatively regulates ENaC through a chaperone mechanism. The present study aimed to determine the physiological role of PON3 in renal Na+ and K+ homeostasis. Pon3 knockout (KO) mice had higher amiloride-induced natriuresis and lower plasma [K+ ] at baseline. Single channel recordings in split-open tubules showed that the number of active channels per patch was significantly higher in KO mice, resulting in a higher channel activity in the absence of PON3. Although whole kidney abundance of ENaC subunits was not altered in Pon3 KOs, ENaC gamma subunit was more apically distributed within the connecting tubules and cortical collecting ducts of Pon3 KO kidneys. Additionally, small interfering RNA-mediated knockdown of PON3 in cultured mouse cortical collecting duct cells led to an increased surface abundance of ENaC gamma subunit. As a result of lower plasma [K+ ], sodium chloride co-transporter phosphorylation was enhanced in the KO kidneys, a phenotype that was corrected by a high K+ diet. Finally, PON3 expression was upregulated in mouse kidneys under dietary K+ restriction, potentially providing a mechanism to dampen ENaC activity and associated K+ secretion. Taken together, our results show that PON3 has a role in renal Na+ and K+ homeostasis through regulating ENaC functional expression in the distal nephron. KEY POINTS: Paraoxonase 3 (PON3) is expressed in the distal nephron of mouse kidneys and functions as a molecular chaperone to reduce epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) expression and activity in heterologous expression systems. We examined the physiological role of PON3 in renal Na+ and K+ handling using a Pon3 knockout (KO) mouse model. At baseline, Pon3 KO mice had lower blood [K+ ], more functional ENaC in connecting tubules/cortical collecting ducts, higher amiloride-induced natriuresis, and enhanced sodium chloride co-transporter (NCC) phosphorylation. Upon challenge with a high K+ diet, Pon3 KO mice had normalized blood [K+ ] and -NCC phosphorylation but lower circulating aldosterone levels compared to their littermate controls. Kidney PON3 abundance was altered in mice under dietary K+ loading or K+ restriction, providing a potential mechanism for regulating ENaC functional expression and renal Na+ and K+ homeostasis in the distal nephron.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Allison Marciszyn
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Jingxin Chen
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Thomas R. Kleyman
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Shujie Shi
- Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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5
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Gökçe B, Muhammed MT. Evaluation of in vitro effect, molecular docking, and molecular dynamics simulations of some dihydropyridine-class calcium channel blockers on human serum paraoxonase 1 (hPON1) enzyme activity. Biotechnol Appl Biochem 2023; 70:1707-1719. [PMID: 37071114 DOI: 10.1002/bab.2467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2022] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 04/19/2023]
Abstract
Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) was purified 148.80-fold in 37.92% yield by hydrophobic interaction chromatography technique. The purity of PON1 was checked by sodium dodecyl sulfate polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) with a single band of 43 kDa. The in vitro effects of nine different calcium channel blockers on PON1 activity were evaluated. All drugs strongly decreased PON1 activity, and IC50 levels were between 13.987 ± 0.59 and 238.104 ± 2.14 μM, Ki values between 8.58 ± 0.36 and 111 ± 1.27 μM. The drugs with the strongest inhibitory effect were nisoldipine with 13.987 ± 0.59 μM and nicardipine with 20.158 ± 0.43 μM. The mechanism of action for the inhibition of the enzyme by nisoldipine and nicardipine was investigated through molecular docking. The stability of enzyme-ligand complexes obtained from the docking was explored through molecular dynamics simulation. The binding affinity of the ligands toward the enzyme was also investigated through MMPBSA (molecular mechanics Poisson-Boltzmann surface area method). The computational analysis demonstrated these compounds could inhibit the enzyme. Nisoldipine had the strongest binding, and its complex was the most stable one. Furthermore, nicardipine was found to have the highest affinity toward the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Başak Gökçe
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Türkiye
| | - Muhammed Tilahun Muhammed
- Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Suleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Türkiye
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6
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Logue MW, Dasgupta S, Farrer LA. Genetics of Alzheimer's Disease in the African American Population. J Clin Med 2023; 12:5189. [PMID: 37629231 PMCID: PMC10455208 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12165189] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Revised: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 08/06/2023] [Indexed: 08/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Black/African American (AA) individuals have a higher risk of Alzheimer's disease (AD) than White non-Hispanic persons of European ancestry (EUR) for reasons that may include economic disparities, cardiovascular health, quality of education, and biases in the methods used to diagnose AD. AD is also heritable, and some of the differences in risk may be due to genetics. Many AD-associated variants have been identified by candidate gene studies, genome-wide association studies (GWAS), and genome-sequencing studies. However, most of these studies have been performed using EUR cohorts. In this paper, we review the genetics of AD and AD-related traits in AA individuals. Importantly, studies of genetic risk factors in AA cohorts can elucidate the molecular mechanisms underlying AD risk in AA and other populations. In fact, such studies are essential to enable reliable precision medicine approaches in persons with considerable African ancestry. Furthermore, genetic studies of AA cohorts allow exploration of the ways the impact of genes can vary by ancestry, culture, and economic and environmental disparities. They have yielded important gains in our knowledge of AD genetics, and increasing AA individual representation within genetic studies should remain a priority for inclusive genetic study design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mark W. Logue
- National Center for PTSD, Behavioral Sciences Division, VA Boston Healthcare System, Boston, MA 02130, USA;
- Department of Psychiatry, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA;
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Shoumita Dasgupta
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA;
- Department of Medical Sciences and Education, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
| | - Lindsay A. Farrer
- Department of Medicine (Biomedical Genetics), Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA;
- Department of Biostatistics, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Department of Neurology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Department of Epidemiology, Boston University School of Public Health, Boston, MA 02118, USA
- Alzheimer’s Disease Research Center, Boston University Chobanian & Avedisian School of Medicine, Boston, MA 02118, USA
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7
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Graham AM, Jamison JM, Bustos M, Cournoyer C, Michaels A, Presnell JS, Richter R, Crocker DE, Fustukjian A, Hunter ME, Rea LD, Marsillach J, Furlong CE, Meyer WK, Clark NL. Reduction of Paraoxonase Expression Followed by Inactivation across Independent Semiaquatic Mammals Suggests Stepwise Path to Pseudogenization. Mol Biol Evol 2023; 40:msad104. [PMID: 37146172 PMCID: PMC10202596 DOI: 10.1093/molbev/msad104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2022] [Revised: 03/27/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Convergent adaptation to the same environment by multiple lineages frequently involves rapid evolutionary change at the same genes, implicating these genes as important for environmental adaptation. Such adaptive molecular changes may yield either change or loss of protein function; loss of function can eliminate newly deleterious proteins or reduce energy necessary for protein production. We previously found a striking case of recurrent pseudogenization of the Paraoxonase 1 (Pon1) gene among aquatic mammal lineages-Pon1 became a pseudogene with genetic lesions, such as stop codons and frameshifts, at least four times independently in aquatic and semiaquatic mammals. Here, we assess the landscape and pace of pseudogenization by studying Pon1 sequences, expression levels, and enzymatic activity across four aquatic and semiaquatic mammal lineages: pinnipeds, cetaceans, otters, and beavers. We observe in beavers and pinnipeds an unexpected reduction in expression of Pon3, a paralog with similar expression patterns but different substrate preferences. Ultimately, in all lineages with aquatic/semiaquatic members, we find that preceding any coding-level pseudogenization events in Pon1, there is a drastic decrease in expression, followed by relaxed selection, thus allowing accumulation of disrupting mutations. The recurrent loss of Pon1 function in aquatic/semiaquatic lineages is consistent with a benefit to Pon1 functional loss in aquatic environments. Accordingly, we examine diving and dietary traits across pinniped species as potential driving forces of Pon1 functional loss. We find that loss is best associated with diving activity and likely results from changes in selective pressures associated with hypoxia and hypoxia-induced inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allie M Graham
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Jerrica M Jamison
- Department of Biological Sciences, University of Toronto—Scarborough, Scarborough, Ontario, Canada
| | - Marisol Bustos
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Texas—San Antonio, San Antonio, TX
| | | | - Alexa Michaels
- Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Tufts University, Boston, MA
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME
| | - Jason S Presnell
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
| | - Rebecca Richter
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Daniel E Crocker
- Department of Biology, Sonoma State University, Rohnert Park, CA
| | | | - Margaret E Hunter
- U.S. Geological Survey, Wetland and Aquatic Research Center, Gainesville, FL
| | - Lorrie D Rea
- Water and Environmental Research Center, Institute of Northern Engineering, University of Alaska—Fairbanks, Fairbanks, AK
| | - Judit Marsillach
- Department of Environmental & Occupational Health Sciences, University of Washington School of Public Health, Seattle, WA
| | - Clement E Furlong
- Department of Medicine, Division of Medical Genetics, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
- Department of Genome Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, WA
| | - Wynn K Meyer
- Department of Biological Sciences, Lehigh University, Bethlehem, PA
| | - Nathan L Clark
- Department of Human Genetics, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT
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Khalaf FK, Connolly J, Khatib-Shahidi B, Albehadili A, Tassavvor I, Ranabothu M, Eid N, Dube P, Khouri SJ, Malhotra D, Haller ST, Kennedy DJ. Paraoxonases at the Heart of Neurological Disorders. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24086881. [PMID: 37108044 PMCID: PMC10139148 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24086881] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2022] [Revised: 03/18/2023] [Accepted: 04/03/2023] [Indexed: 04/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Paraoxonase enzymes serve as an important physiological redox system that participates in the protection against cellular injury caused by oxidative stress. The PON enzymes family consists of three members (PON-1, PON-2, and PON-3) that share a similar structure and location as a cluster on human chromosome 7. These enzymes exhibit anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties with well-described roles in preventing cardiovascular disease. Perturbations in PON enzyme levels and their activity have also been linked with the development and progression of many neurological disorders and neurodegenerative diseases. The current review summarizes the available evidence on the role of PONs in these diseases and their ability to modify risk factors for neurological disorders. We present the current findings on the role of PONs in Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and other neurodegenerative and neurological diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fatimah K Khalaf
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
- Department of Medicine, University of Alkafeel College of Medicine, Najaf 54001, Iraq
| | - Jacob Connolly
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Bella Khatib-Shahidi
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Abdulsahib Albehadili
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
- Department of Computer Engineering Technology, College of Information Technology, Imam Ja'afar Al-Sadiq University, Najaf 54001, Iraq
| | - Iman Tassavvor
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Meghana Ranabothu
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Noha Eid
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Prabhatchandra Dube
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Samer J Khouri
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Deepak Malhotra
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - Steven T Haller
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
| | - David J Kennedy
- Department of Medicine, University of Toledo College of Medicine and Life Sciences, Toledo, OH 43606, USA
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9
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Yigittürk O, Turgay F, Kızıldağ S, Özsoylu D, Balcı GA. Do PON1-Q192R and PON1-L55M polymorphisms modify the effects of hypoxic training on paraoxonase and arylesterase activity? JOURNAL OF SPORT AND HEALTH SCIENCE 2023; 12:266-274. [PMID: 33188964 PMCID: PMC10105056 DOI: 10.1016/j.jshs.2020.11.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2020] [Revised: 08/02/2020] [Accepted: 09/23/2020] [Indexed: 05/03/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Low levels of antioxidant paraoxonase 1 (PON1) enzyme activity, PON1-Q192R polymorphism (a glutamine (Q) to arginine (R) substitution at position 192), PON1-L55M polymorphism (a leucine (L) to methionine (M) substitution at position 55), and oxidized low-density lipoprotein (oxLDL) are risk factors for coronary heart disease. Aerobic exercise improves PON1 activity, but the effects of hypoxic exercise are yet unclear. The aim of this study was to determine the effects of hypoxic underwater rugby training on PON1 activity and oxLDL levels and the role of the mentioned polymorphisms. METHODS Serum PON1 and arylesterase activities (ARE), PON1, PON3, and oxLDL protein levels (by using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays) were determined in an athletic group (42 trained male underwater rugby players; age = 21.7 ± 4.2 years, mean ± SD) and a control group (43 sedentary men; age = 23.9 ± 3.2 years). The polymorphisms were determined from genomic DNA samples. RESULTS PON1 activity (25.1%, p = 0.052), PON3 (p < 0.001), and oxLDL (p < 0.001) of the athletic group, including most genotype groups, were higher than those of the control group. In comparison to the controls, PON1 activity levels (p = 0.005) of the PON1-Q192R homozygote QQ genotype group and PON1 activity levels (30%, p = 0.116) of the PON1-L55M homozygote LL genotype group were higher, whereas ARE activity values of athletic R allele carrier (Rc = QR + RR) (p = 0.005) and LL group (p = 0.002) were lower than the control genotype groups related to their polymorphisms. CONCLUSION Hypoxic training can cause (1) significant oxidative stress, including oxLDL, and an antioxidant response (increase in PON1 activity and PON3), (2) differences in the activity of PON1 and ARE, which are modified by PON1-Q192R and PON1-L55M polymorphisms, respectively, and (3) improvements in PON1 activity of QQ and LL groups. However, hypoxic training can cause a disadvantage of LL and Rc groups for ARE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Oya Yigittürk
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Department of Sport Health Sciences, Ege University, Izmir 35040, Turkey
| | - Faruk Turgay
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Department of Sport Health Sciences, Ege University, Izmir 35040, Turkey.
| | - Servet Kızıldağ
- Faculty of Medicine, College of Vocational School of Health Services, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir 35330, Turkey
| | - Dua Özsoylu
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute of Health Science, Department of Medical Biology and Genetics, Dokuz Eylul University, Izmir 35330, Turkey
| | - Görkem Aybars Balcı
- Faculty of Sport Sciences, Department of Sport Health Sciences, Ege University, Izmir 35040, Turkey
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10
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Serum Paraoxonase-1 Activity in Prostate Cancer Patients Treated with Brachytherapy as a Measure of Irradiation Efficacy. Antioxidants (Basel) 2023; 12:antiox12020212. [PMID: 36829771 PMCID: PMC9951881 DOI: 10.3390/antiox12020212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2022] [Revised: 01/12/2023] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
We investigated changes in the activity of antioxidant paraoxonase-1 (PON1) in patients with prostate cancer (PCa) undergoing radiotherapy (RT), as well as the relationship of the PON1 activity with the degree of PCa advancement. We included 84 men with PCa. Blood samples were obtained before irradiation and after the completion of RT. The control group was composed of 60 healthy men. There was no significant difference in the PON1 activity between the control group and patients pre-radiotherapy. Irradiation was associated with a significant decrease in the PON1 activity; thus, it could be a measure of the efficacy of RT. No significant correlations between the PON1 activity and Gleason score, prostate volume, BMI (body mass index), or adipose tissue thickness were found. However, there was a positive correlation between the PON1 activity and the PSA concentration in the group of PCa patients.
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11
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Leocádio PCL, Goulart AC, Santos IS, Lotufo PA, Bensenor IM, Alvarez-Leite JI. Lower paraoxonase 1 paraoxonase activity is associated with a worse prognosis in patients with non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction in long-term follow-up. Coron Artery Dis 2022; 33:515-522. [PMID: 36093959 DOI: 10.1097/mca.0000000000001181] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Acute coronary syndrome (ACS) is one of the main manifestations of coronary artery disease, with a higher prevalence and worst prognosis. Oxidative stress is important in atherosclerosis and ACS, and paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is directly related to reducing the effects of oxidative stress on lipoproteins. The present study evaluated the prognostic value of PON1 activity in patients with non-ST-segment elevation ACS [non-ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (NSTEMI) and unstable angina (UA)], included in the ERICO study. METHODS PON1 paraoxonase activity was determined in serum samples from 485 patients collected on admission. The prognostic value in the follow-up of up to 5 years was evaluated according to cutoff points established by tertiles. Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression were used for the analysis of all-cause mortality and cardiovascular mortality. RESULTS The sample consisted mainly of elderly patients with a high frequency of cardiovascular risk factors. At follow-up of up to 5 years, there were 126 deaths from all causes (80 deaths from CVD). The lowest tertile of PON1 paraoxonase activity was associated with a higher risk of death in patients with NSTEMI, but not in patients with UA. CONCLUSION PON1 paraoxonase activity has potential prognostic value in patients with NSTEMI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Caroline Lacerda Leocádio
- Departamento de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais.,Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo horizonte
| | | | - Itamar Souza Santos
- Centro de Pesquisa Clínica e Epidemiológica do Hospital Universitário da Universidade de São Paulo.,Departamento de Clínica Médica da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Paulo Andrade Lotufo
- Centro de Pesquisa Clínica e Epidemiológica do Hospital Universitário da Universidade de São Paulo.,Departamento de Clínica Médica da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Isabela Martins Bensenor
- Centro de Pesquisa Clínica e Epidemiológica do Hospital Universitário da Universidade de São Paulo.,Departamento de Clínica Médica da Faculdade de Medicina da Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Jacqueline Isaura Alvarez-Leite
- Departamento de Nutrição, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais.,Departamento de Bioquímica e Imunologia, Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, Belo horizonte
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12
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Karimian M. A common genetic variation in paraoxonase 1 and risk of breast cancer: a literature review, meta-analysis, and in silico analysis. NUCLEOSIDES, NUCLEOTIDES & NUCLEIC ACIDS 2022; 42:1-16. [PMID: 35938743 DOI: 10.1080/15257770.2022.2107216] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/15/2022]
Abstract
Paraoxonase 1 (PON1), an enzyme with multifactorial antioxidant activity, has a protective role against oxidative stress, which is supposed to contribute to the development of cancers including breast cancer. The aim of this study was to examine the correlation of PON1-L55M common genetic polymorphism with the risk of breast cancer in a meta-analysis approach which was followed by an in silico analysis. The eligible studies were collected from valid electronic databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, Embase, and Web of Science. Quantitative synthesis was performed to report the strength of PON1-L55M polymorphism with breast cancer. Some bioinformatics tools were used to analyze the effects of L55M variation on PON1 gene function. The meta-analysis revealed that there are significant associations between the mentioned polymorphism and breast cancer in M vs. L, MM vs. LL, LM vs. LL, MM + LM vs. LL, and MM vs. LL + LM genetic models. Besides, similar results were observed in the stratified analyses based on ethnicity, genotyping method, Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium in control groups, and sample size. Bioinformatics analysis revealed that the PON1 could be damaging to the protein function. Our findings propose that the PON1-L55M genetic polymorphism might be a genetic risk factor for the risk of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammad Karimian
- Department of Molecular and Cell Biology, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Mazandaran, Babolsar, Iran
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13
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Parween F, Yadav P, Singh K, Gupta RD. Production of highly soluble native human paraoxonase 2 with potential anti-biofilm property. Prep Biochem Biotechnol 2022; 53:465-474. [PMID: 35856452 DOI: 10.1080/10826068.2022.2101000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/17/2022]
Abstract
Paraoxonase 2 (PON2) is considered as a potential anti-biofilm agent due to the highest lactonase activity among the PON family members implicating quorum quenching in gram-negative bacteria. However, PON2 is expressed mostly in insoluble fractions in the bacterial expression host which limits its application as an anti-biofilm agent. Therefore, obtaining the native human PON2 (HuPON2) protein in soluble form, better protein yield, stability, and enzymatic activities is essential. In this study, procedures for obtaining a high yield of the native form of HuPON2 in soluble and active forms were optimized. Guanidinium hydrochloride solubilized the HuPON2 protein, however, it is lethal for several bacteria, and thus a major problem for studying the various downstream application of the protein. Therefore, another refolding process for native HuPON2 was optimized. Owing to the promiscuous nature of HuPON2, we hypothesized that it could inhibit the biofilm formation in Mycobacterium smegmatis also. Interestingly, we observed a significant inhibition of the biofilm formation by HuPON2_Rf. However, the primary target of HuPON2 and the probable mechanism behind the quorum quenching in M. smegmatis need to be further explored, which would help widen the scope of HuPON2 as a potential anti-biofilm agent beyond the gram-negative bacteria.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fauzia Parween
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, New Delhi, India
| | - Priyamedha Yadav
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, New Delhi, India
| | - Kalyani Singh
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, New Delhi, India
| | - Rinkoo Devi Gupta
- Faculty of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, South Asian University, New Delhi, India
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14
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Otocka-Kmiecik A. Effect of Carotenoids on Paraoxonase-1 Activity and Gene Expression. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14142842. [PMID: 35889799 PMCID: PMC9318174 DOI: 10.3390/nu14142842] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2022] [Revised: 07/06/2022] [Accepted: 07/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is an antioxidant enzyme attached to HDL with an anti-atherogenic potential. It protects LDL and HDL from lipid peroxidation. The enzyme is sensitive to various modulating factors, such as genetic polymorphisms as well as pharmacological, dietary (including carotenoids), and lifestyle interventions. Carotenoids are nutritional pigments with antioxidant activity. The aim of this review was to gather evidence on their effect on the modulation of PON1 activity and gene expression. Carotenoids administered as naturally occurring nutritional mixtures may present a synergistic beneficial effect on PON1 status. The effect of carotenoids on the enzyme depends on age, ethnicity, gender, diet, and PON1 genetic variation. Carotenoids, especially astaxanthin, β-carotene, and lycopene, increase PON1 activity. This effect may be explained by their ability to quench singlet oxygen and scavenge free radicals. β-carotene and lycopene were additionally shown to upregulate PON1 gene expression. The putative mechanisms of such regulation involve PON1 CpG-rich region methylation, Ca(2+)/calmodulin-dependent kinase II (CaMKKII) pathway induction, and upregulation via steroid regulatory element-binding protein-2 (SREBP-2). More detailed and extensive research on the mechanisms of PON1 modulation by carotenoids may lead to the development of new targeted therapies for cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aneta Otocka-Kmiecik
- Department of Experimental Physiology, Medical University of Lodz, 6/8 Mazowiecka St., 92-215 Lodz, Poland
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15
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Pau MC, Zinellu A, Zinellu E, Pintus G, Carru C, Fois AG, Mangoni AA, Pirina P. Paraoxonase-1 Concentrations in Obstructive Sleep Apnoea: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040766. [PMID: 35453451 PMCID: PMC9028830 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040766] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2022] [Revised: 04/08/2022] [Accepted: 04/09/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) is characterized by overproduction of reactive oxygen species and oxidative stress. The antioxidant enzyme paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) may be useful for monitoring the antioxidant defence systems and the effect of treatments in OSA patients. We investigated, by means of systematic review and meta-analysis, the serum concentrations of PON-1 in OSA patients and non-OSA controls. A literature search was conducted in PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus and Google Scholar databases, from the outset to November 2021, utilizing the terms: “paraoxonase” or “PON” or “paraoxonase-1” or “PON-1” and “obstructive sleep apnoea syndrome” or “OSAS” or “OSA”. Eleven studies in 429 OSA patients and 258 non-OSA controls were involved in the meta-analysis. The pooled serum PON-1 concentrations were significantly lower in OSA (standardized mean difference (SMD) = −0.70, 95% CI −1.13 to −0.28; p = 0.001). Despite the extreme between-study heterogeneity, the SMD values were not substantially affected by the sequential omission of individual studies. There was no publication bias. Our systematic review and meta-analysis supports the presence of an impaired antioxidant defence system in OSA, possibly the consequence of intermittent hypoxia. Further studies are required to determine the clinical use of PON-1 measurements for risk stratification and monitoring in OSA patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Carmina Pau
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (M.C.P.); (A.G.F.)
| | - Angelo Zinellu
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (A.Z.); (G.P.); (C.C.)
| | - Elisabetta Zinellu
- Clinical and Interventional Pneumology, University Hospital Sassari (AOU), 07100 Sassari, Italy;
| | - Gianfranco Pintus
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (A.Z.); (G.P.); (C.C.)
- Department of Medical Laboratory Sciences, Sharjah Institute for Medical Research, College of Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah 27272, United Arab Emirates
| | - Ciriaco Carru
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (A.Z.); (G.P.); (C.C.)
- Quality Control Unit, University Hospital of Sassari (AOU), Viale San Pietro, 07100 Sassari, Italy
| | - Alessandro G. Fois
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (M.C.P.); (A.G.F.)
- Clinical and Interventional Pneumology, University Hospital Sassari (AOU), 07100 Sassari, Italy;
| | - Arduino A. Mangoni
- Flinders Medical Centre, Department of Clinical Pharmacology, College of Medicine and Public Health, Flinders University, Bedford Park, SA 5042, Australia;
| | - Pietro Pirina
- Department of Medical, Surgical and Experimental Sciences, University of Sassari, 07100 Sassari, Italy; (M.C.P.); (A.G.F.)
- Clinical and Interventional Pneumology, University Hospital Sassari (AOU), 07100 Sassari, Italy;
- Correspondence:
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16
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Medina-Díaz IM, Ponce-Ruíz N, Rojas-García AE, Zambrano-Zargoza JF, Bernal-Hernández YY, González-Arias CA, Barrón-Vivanco BS, Herrera-Moreno JF. The Relationship between Cancer and Paraoxonase 1. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11040697. [PMID: 35453382 PMCID: PMC9028432 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11040697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2022] [Revised: 03/28/2022] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Extensive research has been carried out to understand and elucidate the mechanisms of paraoxonase 1 (PON1) in the development of diseases including cancer, cardiovascular diseases, neurological diseases, and inflammatory diseases. This review focuses on the relationship between PON1 and cancer. The data suggest that PON1, oxidative stress, chronic inflammation, and cancer are closely linked. Certainly, the gene expression of PON1 will remain challenging to study. Therefore, targeting PON1, redox-sensitive pathways, and transcription factors promise prevention and therapy in the development of several diseases, including cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Irma Martha Medina-Díaz
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepict 63000, Mexico; (N.P.-R.); (A.E.R.-G.); (Y.Y.B.-H.); (C.A.G.-A.); (B.S.B.-V.); (J.F.H.-M.)
- Correspondence:
| | - Néstor Ponce-Ruíz
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepict 63000, Mexico; (N.P.-R.); (A.E.R.-G.); (Y.Y.B.-H.); (C.A.G.-A.); (B.S.B.-V.); (J.F.H.-M.)
| | - Aurora Elizabeth Rojas-García
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepict 63000, Mexico; (N.P.-R.); (A.E.R.-G.); (Y.Y.B.-H.); (C.A.G.-A.); (B.S.B.-V.); (J.F.H.-M.)
| | | | - Yael Y. Bernal-Hernández
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepict 63000, Mexico; (N.P.-R.); (A.E.R.-G.); (Y.Y.B.-H.); (C.A.G.-A.); (B.S.B.-V.); (J.F.H.-M.)
| | - Cyndia Azucena González-Arias
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepict 63000, Mexico; (N.P.-R.); (A.E.R.-G.); (Y.Y.B.-H.); (C.A.G.-A.); (B.S.B.-V.); (J.F.H.-M.)
| | - Briscia S. Barrón-Vivanco
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepict 63000, Mexico; (N.P.-R.); (A.E.R.-G.); (Y.Y.B.-H.); (C.A.G.-A.); (B.S.B.-V.); (J.F.H.-M.)
| | - José Francisco Herrera-Moreno
- Laboratorio de Contaminación y Toxicología Ambiental, Secretaría de Investigación y Posgrado, Universidad Autónoma de Nayarit, Tepict 63000, Mexico; (N.P.-R.); (A.E.R.-G.); (Y.Y.B.-H.); (C.A.G.-A.); (B.S.B.-V.); (J.F.H.-M.)
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17
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Ghit A, Deeb HE. Cytokines, miRNAs, and Antioxidants as Combined Non-invasive Biomarkers for Parkinson's Disease. J Mol Neurosci 2022; 72:1133-1140. [PMID: 35199307 DOI: 10.1007/s12031-022-01984-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common long-term degenerative disorders of the CNS that primarily affects the human locomotor system. Owing to the heterogeneity of PD etiology and the lack of appropriate diagnostic tests, blood-based biomarkers became the most promising method for diagnosing PD. Even though various biomarkers for PD have been found, their specificity and sensitivity are not optimum when used alone. Therefore, the aim of this study was directed to evaluate changes in a group of sensitive blood-based biomarkers in the same PD patients compared to healthy individuals. Serum samples were collected from 20 PD patients and 15 age-matched healthy controls. We analyzed serum levels of cytokines (IL10, IL12, and TNF-α), α-synuclein proteins, miRNAs (miR-214, miR-221, and miR-141), and antioxidants (UA, PON1, ARE). Our results showed an increase in sera levels of cytokines in PD patients as well as a positive correlation among them. Also, we found a significant increase in sera levels of α-synuclein protein associated with a decrease in miR-214 which regulates its gene expression. Lastly, we observed a decrease in sera levels of miR-221, miR-141, UA, PON1, and ARE, which have a prominent role against oxidative stress. Because of the many etiologies of PD, a single measure is unlikely to become a useful biomarker. Therefore, to correctly predict disease state and progression, a mix of noninvasive biomarkers is required. Although considerable work has to be done, this study sheds light on the role of certain biomarkers in the diagnosis of PD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amr Ghit
- Department of Biotechnology, Institute of Graduate Studies and Research (IGSR), Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt.
- Department of Biology and Biotechnology, University of Pavia, Pavia, Italy.
| | - Hany El Deeb
- Department of Neuropsychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
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18
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Jasinski M, Olszewska-Slonina D. Serum Paraoxonase-1 Activity and the Risk of Prostate Cancer Recurrence in Patients Treated with Radiotherapy. Antioxidants (Basel) 2022; 11:antiox11020346. [PMID: 35204228 PMCID: PMC8868428 DOI: 10.3390/antiox11020346] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Revised: 02/07/2022] [Accepted: 02/08/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
The antioxidant paraoxonase-1 (PON1) may be involved in the response to radiation-induced oxidative stress and possibly prevent cell apoptosis. The correlation of PON1 with the risk of cancer recurrence after radiotherapy (RT) is not yet explored. We investigated changes in the activity of PON1 in patients with prostate cancer (PCa) undergoing RT, and the relation of PON1 activity to the risk of recurrence after RT. We included 56 men with PCa. Blood samples were obtained before irradiation and after the completion of RT. Patients were followed for an average of 51.2 months. Each case of biochemical recurrence was confirmed with biopsy. The control group was composed of 60 healthy men. There was no significant difference in PON1 activity between the control group and patients pre-radiotherapy. Irradiation was associated with a significant decrease in PON1 activity. Patients with PCa recurrence had significantly higher serum PON1 activity than those recurrence-free, both before and after RT. PON1 activity was a predictor of PCa recurrence, with sensitivity over 80% and specificity over 64%. Our results suggest that PON1 activity may be a predictor of PCa recurrence risk after RT. Studies with a larger number of patients and longer follow-up are needed to confirm this hypothesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Milosz Jasinski
- Department of Urology, Institute of Oncology, Romanowskiej 2, 85-796 Bydgoszcz, Poland
- Correspondence:
| | - Dorota Olszewska-Slonina
- Department of Pathobiochemistry and Clinical Chemistry, Collegium Medicum of Nicolaus Copernicus University, M. Curie-Skłodowskiej 9, 85-094 Bydgoszcz, Poland;
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19
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Symmetry of Post-Translational Modifications in a Human Enzyme. Symmetry (Basel) 2022. [DOI: 10.3390/sym14020212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Paraoxonase 2 (PON2) is a member of a small family of human lactonases. Recently, post-translational modifications (PTMs) of PON2 were highlighted, one of which involved the modulation of the enzyme activity. Furthermore, two important single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) involved in type 2 diabetes and its consequences, were found to modulate the enzyme activity as well. The position on the PON2 structural model of both residues corresponding to SNPs and PTMs suggested a symmetry of the molecule. By sequence and structure superposition we were able to confirm this finding. The result will be discussed in light of the evolution of symmetry in biological molecules and their function.
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20
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Lucca MS, Goularte KL, Rovani MT, Schneider A, Gasperin BG, Lucia Júnior T, Rossi CAR. Paraoxonase 1 activity in the sperm-rich portion of boar ejaculates is positively associated with sperm quality. Anim Reprod 2022; 19:e20220039. [PMID: 36156884 PMCID: PMC9484396 DOI: 10.1590/1984-3143-ar2022-0039] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/22/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Associations of the activity of the paraoxonase 1 (PON1) enzyme with boar sperm quality still needs to be characterized, since boar ejaculates present distinct portions with differences in sperm concentration and quality. This study evaluated PON1 activity in the serum, in the distinct portions of boar ejaculates and estimated correlations with sperm quality parameters. Ejaculates and blood samples were collected from six boars for three weeks (two per week per boar; n = 36). Serum and post-spermatic portion PON1 activities were positively correlated (P = 0.01) but were both uncorrelated with the PON1 activity in the sperm-rich portion and in the whole ejaculate (P > 0.05). Differences in PON1 activity among boars were only observed in the sperm-rich portion of the ejaculate (P < 0.05). The PON1 activity in the serum and in the post-spermatic portion was generally negatively correlated with parameters of spermatozoa kinetics (P < 0.05). In the sperm-rich portion, PON1 activity was positively correlated with sperm concentration (P < 0.0001), curvilinear distance and velocity (both P < 0.05) and DNA integrity (P < 0.05), but negatively correlated with straightness and linearity (P < 0.05). Thus, boar ejaculates with increased PON1 activity in the sperm-rich portion may present increased concentration and spermatozoa with acceptable curvilinear velocity and distance and DNA integrity, which suggests that PON1 activity may be a biomarker for potential fertility.
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21
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Shi S, Buck TM, Nickerson AJ, Brodsky JL, Kleyman TR. Paraoxonase 2 is an ER chaperone that regulates the epithelial Na + channel. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2022; 322:C111-C121. [PMID: 34852210 PMCID: PMC8759969 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00335.2021] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian paraoxonases (PONs) have been linked to protection against oxidative stress. However, the physiological roles of members in this family (PON1, PON2, and PON3) are still being characterized. PON2 and PON3 are expressed in the aldosterone-sensitive distal nephron of the kidney and have been shown to negatively regulate expression of the epithelial sodium channel (ENaC), a trimeric ion channel that orchestrates salt and water homeostasis. To date, the nature of this phenomenon has not been explored. Therefore, to investigate the mechanism by which PON2 regulates ENaC, we expressed PON2 along with the ENaC subunits in fisher rat thyroid (FRT) cells, a system that is amenable to biochemical analyses of ENaC assembly and trafficking. We found that PON2 primarily resides in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) in FRT cells, and its expression reduces the abundance of each ENaC subunit, reflecting enhanced subunit turnover. In contrast, no effect on the levels of mRNAs encoding the ENaC subunits was evident. Inhibition of lysosome function with chloroquine or NH4Cl did not alter the inhibitory effect of PON2 on ENaC expression. In contrast, PON2 accelerates ENaC degradation in a proteasome-dependent manner and acts before ENaC subunit ubiquitination. As a result of enhanced ENaC subunit ubiquitination and degradation, both channel surface expression and ENaC-mediated Na+ transport in FRT cells were reduced by PON2. Together, our data suggest that PON2 functions as an ER chaperone to monitor ENaC biogenesis and redirects the channel for ER-associated degradation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujie Shi
- 1Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Teresa M. Buck
- 2Deparment of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Andrew J. Nickerson
- 1Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Jeffrey L. Brodsky
- 2Deparment of Biological Sciences, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Thomas R. Kleyman
- 1Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania,3Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania,4Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
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22
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Altered HDL Proteome Predicts Incident CVD in Chronic Kidney Disease Patients. J Lipid Res 2021; 62:100135. [PMID: 34634315 PMCID: PMC8566900 DOI: 10.1016/j.jlr.2021.100135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2021] [Revised: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 10/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) are at high risk for CVD. However, traditional lipid risk factors, including low HDL levels, cannot completely explain the increased risk. Altered HDL proteome is linked with both CVD and CKD, but the role of HDL proteins in incident CVD events in patients with CKD is unknown. In this prospective case-control study, we used targeted proteomics to quantify 31 HDL proteins in 92 subjects (46 incident new CVD and 46 one-to-one matched controls) at various stages of CKD. We tested associations of HDL proteins with incident CVD using matched logistic regression analysis. In the model fully adjusted for clinical confounders, lipid levels, C-reactive protein, and proteinuria, no significant associations were found for HDL-C, but we observed inverse associations between levels of HDL proteins paraoxonase/arylesterase 1 (PON1), paraoxonase/arylesterase 3 (PON3), and LCAT and incident CVD. Odds ratios (per 1 SD) were 0.38 (0.18–0.97, P = 0.042), 0.42 (0.20–0.92, P = 0.031), and 0.30 (0.11–0.83, P = 0.020) for PON1, PON3, and LCAT, respectively. Apolipoprotein A-IV remained associated with incident CVD in CKD patients in models adjusted for clinical confounders and lipid levels but lost significance with the addition of C-reactive protein and proteinuria to the model. In conclusion, levels of four HDL proteins, PON1, PON3, LCAT, and apolipoprotein A-IV, were found to be inversely associated with incident CVD events in CKD patients. Our observations indicate that HDLs' protein cargo, but not HDL-C levels, can serve as a marker—and perhaps mediator—for elevated CVD risk in CKD patients.
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Çankaya E, Bilen Y, Uyanık A, Dogan H, Kızıltunç A, Sevinç C. Can keto/amino acids reduce oxidative stress in peritoneal dialysis patients with hypoalbuminemia? Semin Dial 2021; 34:375-379. [PMID: 34472642 DOI: 10.1111/sdi.12971] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2020] [Revised: 01/28/2021] [Accepted: 03/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION There is no consensus on an ideal marker of oxidative stress (OS). Disruption of the balance between free radical and antioxidant activity production by increasing oxidative markers results in OS. In this study, we aimed to investigate how OS, which increases mortality and morbidity due to various reasons, is affected by keto/amino therapy in patients with hypoalbuminemia undergoing peritoneal dialysis. MATERIALS AND METHOD Twenty patients who underwent peritoneal dialysis were included in the study. Before starting keto/amino acid therapy, primary kidney diseases were determined, body mass indexes, serum total protein, albumin, C-reactive protein, ferritin, calcium, phosphorus, parathyroid hormone, paraoxonase-1 (PON-1), sialic acid levels, arylesterase (ARE) activities, and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were measured, and Kt/V values were calculated. Keto/amino acid treatment was initiated for those with an albumin level of <3.5 g/dL. The same parameters of the patients, followed up for 3 months, were checked again at the end of the third month. RESULTS Paraoxonase-1 and ARE activities, which are antioxidant enzyme activities, were found to be statistically significantly increased compared to the initial period (59 ± 59, 135 ± 69, 15.8 ± 19.7, and 44.7 ± 16.4, respectively; p < 0.00). MDA and sialic acid levels were significantly lower than the initial values (109 ± 99, 23 ± 9, 2.26 ± 0.44, and 2.04 ± 0.39, respectively; p < 0.01). CONCLUSION In our study, after the initiation of keto/amino acid treatment, PON-1, which is a significant antioxidant marker, and ARE plasma activities increased and tissue destruction product MDA and sialic acid significantly decreased. In the light of all these data, we think that this treatment can reduce OS, improve hypoalbuminemia, which causes both mortality and morbidity in patients, improve survival in PD patients, and may be an antioxidant treatment in suitable patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Erdem Çankaya
- Department of Nephrology, Medical Faculty, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Yusuf Bilen
- Department of Hematology, Medical Faculty, Adıyaman University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Abdullah Uyanık
- Department of Nephrology, Medical Faculty, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Hasan Dogan
- Medical Biology Genetics, Medical Faculty, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Ahmet Kızıltunç
- Medical Biochemistry, Medical Faculty, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
| | - Can Sevinç
- Department of Nephrology, Medical Faculty, Atatürk University, Erzurum, Turkey
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Salari N, Kazeminia M, Mansouri K, Hosseinian-Far A, Mohammadi M. The Activity and Polymorphism of the PON1 in Patients with Chronic Liver Disease: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis. J Gastrointest Cancer 2021; 53:745-755. [PMID: 34467517 DOI: 10.1007/s12029-021-00699-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 08/20/2021] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Liver diseases are among the ten deadliest diseases in the world. Measuring PON1 is a test to assess the degree of liver disorder. There are several preliminary studies on the rate of PON1 activity in people with liver disease, and there are differences between the results of these studies; therefore, the aim of this research work is to determine the level of PON1 activity in people with liver disease using meta-analysis. METHOD The study searched to select articles that were published electronically from 2002 to 2020, in national and international databases of SID, MagIran, Embase, ScienceDirect, Scopus, PubMed, and Web of Science (WoS). RESULTS Among the articles included in the meta-analysis, the samples in the case (patients) and control groups were 807 and 2276, respectively. The mean activity of PON1 in individuals with liver disease in the case and control groups were 142.06 ± 7.7 and 272.19 ± 39.6, respectively, and this was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The mean difference analysis highlights a difference of - 2.75 ± 0.48 between the patient and control groups, indicating that liver disease significantly reduces PON1 activity. CONCLUSION The results of this study demonstrate that the polynomorphism of the PON1 is associated with an increased risk of liver disease, with lower levels of PON1 activity in people with liver disease than in healthy patients and this decrease was more in patients with liver cirrhosis than in other liver diseases. Given the importance of this gene's activity, studies such as this could provide a promising path for better drug design and treatment in future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nader Salari
- Department of Biostatistics, School of Health, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Mohsen Kazeminia
- Student Research Committee, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Kamran Mansouri
- Medical Biology Research Center, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran
| | - Amin Hosseinian-Far
- Department of Business Systems & Operations, University of Northampton, Northampton, UK
| | - Masoud Mohammadi
- Department of Nursing, School of Nursing and Midwifery, Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
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Subudhi S, Drescher HK, Dichtel LE, Bartsch LM, Chung RT, Hutter MM, Gee DW, Meireles OR, Witkowski ER, Gelrud L, Masia R, Osganian SA, Gustafson JL, Rwema S, Bredella MA, Bhatia SN, Warren A, Miller KK, Lauer GM, Corey KE. Distinct Hepatic Gene-Expression Patterns of NAFLD in Patients With Obesity. Hepatol Commun 2021; 6:77-89. [PMID: 34558849 PMCID: PMC8710788 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.1789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2021] [Accepted: 06/13/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Approaches to manage nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) are limited by an incomplete understanding of disease pathogenesis. The aim of this study was to identify hepatic gene‐expression patterns associated with different patterns of liver injury in a high‐risk cohort of adults with obesity. Using the NanoString Technologies (Seattle, WA) nCounter assay, we quantified expression of 795 genes, hypothesized to be involved in hepatic fibrosis, inflammation, and steatosis, in liver tissue from 318 adults with obesity. Liver specimens were categorized into four distinct NAFLD phenotypes: normal liver histology (NLH), steatosis only (steatosis), nonalcoholic steatohepatitis without fibrosis (NASH F0), and NASH with fibrosis stage 1‐4 (NASH F1‐F4). One hundred twenty‐five genes were significantly increasing or decreasing as NAFLD pathology progressed. Compared with NLH, NASH F0 was characterized by increased inflammatory gene expression, such as gamma‐interferon‐inducible lysosomal thiol reductase (IFI30) and chemokine (C‐X‐C motif) ligand 9 (CXCL9), while complement and coagulation related genes, such as C9 and complement component 4 binding protein beta (C4BPB), were reduced. In the presence of NASH F1‐F4, extracellular matrix degrading proteinases and profibrotic/scar deposition genes, such as collagens and transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGFB1), were simultaneously increased, suggesting a dynamic state of tissue remodeling. Conclusion: In adults with obesity, distinct states of NAFLD are associated with intrahepatic perturbations in genes related to inflammation, complement and coagulation pathways, and tissue remodeling. These data provide insights into the dynamic pathogenesis of NAFLD in high‐risk individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sonu Subudhi
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Hannah K Drescher
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Laura E Dichtel
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Lea M Bartsch
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Raymond T Chung
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Matthew M Hutter
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Denise W Gee
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Ozanan R Meireles
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Elan R Witkowski
- Department of Surgery, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Louis Gelrud
- Department of Medicine, St. Mary's Hospital Bon Secours, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Ricard Masia
- Department of Pathology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Stephanie A Osganian
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Jenna L Gustafson
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Steve Rwema
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Miriam A Bredella
- Division of Musculoskeletal Radiology and Interventions, Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Sangeeta N Bhatia
- Ludwig Center for Molecular Oncology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Andrew Warren
- Ludwig Center for Molecular Oncology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, USA
| | - Karen K Miller
- Neuroendocrine Unit, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Georg M Lauer
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Kathleen E Corey
- Division of Gastroenterology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
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Oxidative Stress and Alterations of Paraoxonases in Atopic Dermatitis. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10050697. [PMID: 33925093 PMCID: PMC8144960 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10050697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Revised: 04/26/2021] [Accepted: 04/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Background: previous studies reported the involvement of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and lipid peroxidation in the pathogenesis of inflammatory skin diseases. The aim of our study was to investigate the relationship between oxidative stress and inflammation in children affected by atopic dermatitis (AD), a chronic relapsing inflammatory skin disease. Methods: levels of lipid hydroperoxides, total antioxidant capacity, and activities of the enzymes myeloperoxidase (MPO), PON1, and PON2/3 were investigated in 56 atopic pediatric patients, and compared with 48 sex-/age-matched healthy controls. Results: significantly higher levels of lipid hydroperoxides and lower values of total antioxidant potential were observed in the serum of AD children compared to that of the controls. Significant lower PON1 activities, and a significant increase in levels of MPO were observed in serum of patients, with a higher serum MPO level/PON1 paraoxonase activity ratio in patients compared to that in the controls. Significantly lower lactonase activity of PON enzymes was observed in polymorphonuclear cells isolated from AD patients. Statistically negative correlation was established between the activity of intracellular PON2/3 activity and ROS levels. Conclusions: our data confirmed that AD is associated with higher oxidative damage and a decrease in antioxidant defense. Moreover, alterations of extracellular and intracellular PON activity can promote lipoprotein dysfunction in AD patients.
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Cao X, Cao Z, Shao Y, Liu C, Yan G, Meng X, Zhang L, Chen C, Huang G, Shu H, Lu H. Analysis of Serum Paraoxonase 1 Using Mass Spectrometry and Lectin Immunoassay in Patients With Alpha-Fetoprotein Negative Hepatocellular Carcinoma. Front Oncol 2021; 11:651421. [PMID: 33889548 PMCID: PMC8056865 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2021.651421] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/12/2021] [Accepted: 03/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The diagnosis of AFP (alpha-fetoprotein)-negative HCC (hepatocellular carcinoma) mostly relies on imaging and pathological examinations, and it lacks valuable and practical markers. Protein N-glycosylation is a crucial post-translation modifying process related to many biological functions in an organism. Alteration of N-glycosylation correlates with inflammatory diseases and infectious diseases including hepatocellular carcinoma. Here, serum N-linked intact glycopeptides with molecular weight (MW) of 40–55 kDa were analyzed in a discovery set (n = 40) including AFP-negative HCC and liver cirrhosis (LC) patients using label-free quantification methodology. Quantitative lens culinaris agglutin (LCA) ELISA was further used to confirm the difference of glycosylation on serum PON1 in liver diseases (n = 56). Then, the alteration of site-specific intact N-glycopeptides of PON1 was comprehensively assessed by using Immunoprecipitation (IP) and mass spectrometry based 16O/18O C-terminal labeling quantification method to distinguish AFP-negative HCC from LC patients in a validation set (n = 64). Totally 195 glycopeptides were identified using a dedicated search engine pGlyco. Among them, glycopeptides from APOH, HPT/HPTR, and PON1 were significantly changed in AFP-negative HCC as compared to LC. In addition, the reactivity of PON1 with LCA in HCC patients with negative AFP was significantly elevated than that in cirrhosis patients. The two glycopeptides HAN253WTLTPLK (H5N4S2) and (H5N4S1) corresponding to PON1 were significantly increased in AFP-negative HCC patients, as compared with LC patients. Variations in PON1 glycosylation may be associated with AFP-negative HCC and might be helpful to serve as potential glycomic-based biomarkers to distinguish AFP-negative HCC from cirrhosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Cao
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Zhao Cao
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Yuyin Shao
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chao Liu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Precision Medicine, Beihang University, Beijing, China
| | - Guoquan Yan
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xinmin Meng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Cancer Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Lei Zhang
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Chen Chen
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Guiyue Huang
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, First Affiliated Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Hong Shu
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Cancer Hospital of Guangxi Medical University, Nanning, China
| | - Haojie Lu
- Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.,NHC Key Laboratory of Glycoconjugates Research, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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Lactonase activity and status of paraoxonase 1 and oxidative stress in neonates of women with gestational diabetes mellitus. Pediatr Res 2021; 89:1192-1199. [PMID: 32570269 DOI: 10.1038/s41390-020-1023-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 05/23/2020] [Accepted: 06/05/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND The level and lactonase activity of paraoxonase 1 (PON1) and their association with PON1 genetic variants and oxidative stress are unclear in neonates of women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). METHODS This study included 362 neonates of women with GDM and 302 control neonates. The level, lactonase activity, normalized lactonase activity (NLA), and genetic polymorphisms of PON1, serum total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), and malondialdehyde (MDA) were analyzed. RESULTS The neonates of the women with GDM had significantly higher levels, lactonase activity, and NLA of PON1, higher TOS, TAC, and MDA concentrations, and relatively higher oxidative stress index than those of the control neonates. The PON1 -108C → T variation decreased the lactonase activity, level, and NLA of PON1, while the PON1 192Q → R variation decreased the PON1 NLA in a genotype-dependent manner in the two groups. Multivariable regression analysis revealed the PON1 -108C/T or 192Q/R variation, apolipoprotein (apo)A1, or apoB as significant predictors of the level, lactonase activity, and NLA of PON1. CONCLUSIONS The lactonase activity, level, and NLA of PON1 were increased in the neonates of women with GDM. The PON1 genetic variants, abnormalities in lipoproteins, and increased oxidative stress may be associated with these changes. IMPACT This is the first study to report the elevated level, lactonase activity, and NLA of PON1 in the neonates of women with GDM. These neonates also exhibited increased oxidative stress and an adverse glycolipid metabolic profile. We further established that the -108C/T and/or 192Q/R genetic variants of the PON1 gene, abnormalities in lipoprotein metabolism, and/or increased oxidative stress had noticeable influences on the level and activities of PON1. Whether these changes potentially cause metabolic disorders later in life remains to be determined. Therefore, the neonates born to women with GDM require further clinical follow-ups.
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Human Paraoxonase-2 (PON2): Protein Functions and Modulation. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10020256. [PMID: 33562328 PMCID: PMC7915308 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10020256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2021] [Revised: 02/01/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
PON1, PON2, and PON3 belong to a family of lactone hydrolyzing enzymes endowed with various substrate specificities. Among PONs, PON2 shows the highest hydrolytic activity toward many acyl-homoserine lactones (acyl-HL) involved in bacterial quorum-sensing signaling. Accordingly, defense against pathogens, such as Brevundimonas aeruginosa (B. aeruginosa), was postulated to be the principal function of PON2. However, recent findings have highlighted the importance of PON2 in oxidative stress control, inhibition of apoptosis, and the progression of various types of malignancies. This review focuses on all of these aspects of PON2.
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Eraldemir FC, Korak T. Paraoxonases, oxidative stress, and breast cancer. Cancer 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/b978-0-12-819547-5.00001-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/22/2022]
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Paraoxonase Role in Human Neurodegenerative Diseases. Antioxidants (Basel) 2020; 10:antiox10010011. [PMID: 33374313 PMCID: PMC7824310 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10010011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/10/2020] [Revised: 12/17/2020] [Accepted: 12/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The human body has biological redox systems capable of preventing or mitigating the damage caused by increased oxidative stress throughout life. One of them are the paraoxonase (PON) enzymes. The PONs genetic cluster is made up of three members (PON1, PON2, PON3) that share a structural homology, located adjacent to chromosome seven. The most studied enzyme is PON1, which is associated with high density lipoprotein (HDL), having paraoxonase, arylesterase and lactonase activities. Due to these characteristics, the enzyme PON1 has been associated with the development of neurodegenerative diseases. Here we update the knowledge about the association of PON enzymes and their polymorphisms and the development of multiple sclerosis (MS), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS), Alzheimer's disease (AD) and Parkinson's disease (PD).
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BEDİR F, KOCATÜRK H, ALTAY MS, ŞEBİN E, BEDİR B. Serum paraoxonase 1 and 3 activities in benign and malignant diseases of the prostate and changes in levels following robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy. Turk J Med Sci 2020; 50:1872-1878. [PMID: 32549522 PMCID: PMC7775696 DOI: 10.3906/sag-2004-353] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2020] [Accepted: 06/15/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Background/aim This study aimed to examine serum paraoxonase 1 and 3 (PON1 and PON3) activities in benign and malignant diseases of the prostate, to determine lipid profile and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and to investigate changes in levels following robotic-assisted laparoscopic radical prostatectomy (RALRP). Materials and methods A total of 137 patients, including a control group, were enrolled in the study and assigned into four groups. Group 1 (n = 33) consisted of patients previously undergoing RALRP with no recurrence, group 2 (n = 36) consisted of patients diagnosed with prostate cancer (PCa) and undergoing RALRP, and group 3 (n = 34) consisted of patients diagnosed with benign prostatic hyperplasia. The control group (n = 34) consisted of healthy individuals. Serum low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), triglyceride, cholesterol, prostate-specific antigen (PSA), PON1, PON3, and MDA values were measured. In addition, group 2 MDA, PON1, PON3, and PON1/HDL levels were investigated preoperatively and at the first month postoperatively. Results Significant changes were found in PON1, PON3, and MDA levels. PON1 and PON3 levels decreased significantly in patients with PCa, while MDA levels increased. PON1 and PON3 increased postoperatively in the PCa group, while MDA decreased. BPH group PON1, PON3, and MDA levels were higher than those of the control group. Conclusion An increase in free oxygen radicals in the body or a decrease in endogenous antioxidant enzyme levels can result in malignant and benign diseases of the prostate. Surgical excision of malignant tissue in PCa causes a decrease in oxidative stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fevzi BEDİR
- Department of Urology, Health Sciences University, Erzurum Regional Training and Research Hospital, ErzurumTurkey
| | - Hüseyin KOCATÜRK
- Department of Urology, Health Sciences University, Erzurum Regional Training and Research Hospital, ErzurumTurkey
| | - Mehmet Sefa ALTAY
- Department of Urology, Health Sciences University, Erzurum Regional Training and Research Hospital, ErzurumTurkey
| | - Engin ŞEBİN
- Department of Biochemistry, Health Sciences University, Erzurum Regional Training and Research Hospital, ErzurumTurkey
| | - Banu BEDİR
- Department of Public Health, Aziziye District Health Directorate, ErzurumTurkey
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Kunjantarachot A, Pabalan N, Jarjanazi H, Christofolini DM, Montagna E, Barbosa CP, Bianco B. Paraoxonase single nucleotide variants show associations with polycystic ovary syndrome: a meta-analysis. Reprod Biol Endocrinol 2020; 18:114. [PMID: 33218342 PMCID: PMC7678182 DOI: 10.1186/s12958-020-00665-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Etiology of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is attributed to genetic and environmental factors. One environmental factor is oxidative stress. Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is an antioxidant high-density lipoprotein-associated enzyme encoded by the PON1 gene. The PON1 gene has been implicated in the risk for PCOS, the influence of which appears to come from single nucleotide variants (SNVs) at multiple genetic loci. However, association study reports have been inconsistent which compels a meta-analysis to obtain more precise estimates. METHODS From 12 publications, extracted genotype data were used in two genetic procedures. First, linkage disequilibrium (LD) was used to group eight PON SNVs into three: LD1, LD2 and LD3. Second, frequencies of the variant (var), wild-type (wt) and heterozygous (het) genotypes were used for genetic modeling (allele-genotype for LD1 and standard for LD2 and LD3). Risk associations were expressed in terms of pooled odds ratios (ORs), 95% confidence intervals (CIs) and Pa-values. Evidence was considered strong when significance was high (Pa < 0.0001) and heterogeneity absent (I2 = 0%). Pooled effects were subjected to modifier (power), subgroup (Asian/Caucasian), outlier, sensitivity and publication bias treatments. Multiple comparisons were Bonferroni-corrected. RESULTS This meta-analysis generated 11 significant outcomes, five in LD1, six in LD2 and none in LD3. All six LD2 outcomes did not survive the Bonferroni-correction but two of the five in LD1 did. These two core LD1 findings conferred greater odds of PCOS to the var allele in the highly significant (Pa < 0.0001) overall (OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.24-1.67) and Asian (OR 1.41, 95% CI 1.20-1.65) outcomes. Of these two core outcomes, the Asian effect was homogeneous (I2 = 0%) but not the overall (I2 = 29%). CONCLUSIONS Of the eight PON SNVs examined, two (rs854560 and rs662) were associated with PCOS risk. These 1.4-fold increased risk effects rendered Asians susceptible to PCOS. High statistical power, high significance, zero to low-level heterogeneity, robustness and lack of bias in the core outcomes underpinned the strong evidence for association.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anthicha Kunjantarachot
- Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Khlong Luang District, Rangsit, Pathumthani, Thailand
| | - Noel Pabalan
- Chulabhorn International College of Medicine, Thammasat University, Khlong Luang District, Rangsit, Pathumthani, Thailand.
| | - Hamdi Jarjanazi
- Environmental Monitoring and Reporting Branch, Ontario Ministry of the Environment, Conservation and Parks, 125 Resources Road, Toronto, Ontario, Canada
| | - Denise Maria Christofolini
- Human Reproduction and Genetics Center, Department of Collective Health, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | - Erik Montagna
- Human Reproduction and Genetics Center, Department of Collective Health, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | - Caio Parente Barbosa
- Human Reproduction and Genetics Center, Department of Collective Health, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Santo André, SP, Brazil
| | - Bianca Bianco
- Human Reproduction and Genetics Center, Department of Collective Health, Faculdade de Medicina do ABC, Santo André, SP, Brazil
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Organophosphorus Nerve Agents: Types, Toxicity, and Treatments. J Toxicol 2020; 2020:3007984. [PMID: 33029136 PMCID: PMC7527902 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3007984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2020] [Revised: 08/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/10/2020] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Organophosphorus compounds are extensively used worldwide as pesticides which cause great hazards to human health. Nerve agents, a subcategory of the organophosphorus compounds, have been produced and used during wars, and they have also been used in terrorist activities. These compounds possess physiological threats by interacting and inhibiting acetylcholinesterase enzyme which leads to the cholinergic crisis. After a general introduction, this review elucidates the mechanisms underlying cholinergic and noncholinergic effects of organophosphorus compounds. The conceivable treatment strategies for organophosphate poisoning are different types of bioscavengers which include stoichiometric, catalytic, and pseudocatalytic. The current research on the promising treatments specifically the catalytic bioscavengers including several wild-type organophosphate hydrolases such as paraoxonase and phosphotriesterase, phosphotriesterase-like lactonase, methyl parathion hydrolase, organophosphate acid anhydrolase, diisopropyl fluorophosphatase, human triphosphate nucleotidohydrolase, and senescence marker protein has been widely discussed. Organophosphorus compounds are reported to be the nonphysiological substrate for many mammalian organophosphate hydrolysing enzymes; therefore, the efficiency of these enzymes toward these compounds is inadequate. Hence, studies have been conducted to create mutants with an enhanced rate of hydrolysis and high specificity. Several mutants have been created by applying directed molecular evolution and/or targeted mutagenesis, and catalytic efficiency has been characterized. Generally, organophosphorus compounds are chiral in nature. The development of mutant enzymes for providing superior stereoselective degradation of toxic organophosphorus compounds has also been widely accounted for in this review. Existing enzymes have shown limited efficiency; hence, more effective treatment strategies have also been critically analyzed.
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Association of Paraoxonase1 enzyme and its genetic single nucleotide polymorphisms with cardio-metabolic and neurodegenerative diseases. GENE REPORTS 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.genrep.2020.100775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
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36
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW Studies have shown the three-member paraoxonase (PON) multigene family to be involved in the development of a large variety of diseases with an inflammatory component. Environmental factors such as lifestyle-related factors differ widely between populations and it is important to consider that their impacts may be exerted through the epigenetic mechanisms, which connect genes, the environment and disease development and are a potential therapeutic avenue. RECENT FINDINGS In the review period, very little was published on epigenetics of PON2 or PON3, mostly on their diagnostic value in cancer by measuring methylation levels of these genes. However, the picture is more promising with PON1. Here, several studies have linked the epigenetic regulation of PON1 to various metabolic processes and particularly to the development of several diseases, including stroke, heart disease, aortic valve stenosis and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. SUMMARY Studies into the epigenetic regulation of the PON family are in their infancy. However, recent studies linking epigenetic regulation of PON1 to disease development will encourage further research and open up the possibility for new potential therapeutic interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdolkarim Mahrooz
- Molecular and Cell Biology Research Centre, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
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Xiao J, Li X, Yuan Q, Zhang S, Qu K, Wu B, Wang Y, Duan S. PON1 Hypermethylation and PON3 Hypomethylation are Associated with Risk of Cerebral Infarction. Curr Neurovasc Res 2020; 16:115-122. [PMID: 30977447 DOI: 10.2174/1567202616666190412154407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2019] [Revised: 02/15/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Paraoxonase (PON) family genes are closely related to the etiology and prognosis of cerebral infarction. This study explored the association of the promoter methylation of PON family genes (PON1, PON2 and PON3) with the risk of cerebral infarction. MATERIALS AND METHODS In this study, 152 patients with confirmed cerebral infarction were selected as the case group, and 152 healthy controls were selected as the control group. The quantitative methylation-specific PCR (qMSP) was used to determine the promoter methylation levels of PON1, PON2 and PON3 genes. The methylation level was expressed as a methylation reference percentage (PMR). RESULTS Our results indicated that PON1 methylation was significantly higher in the case group than in the control group (P = 0.0001). On the contrary, PON3 methylation was significantly lower in the case group than in the control group (P = 0.002). In addition, we found that PON2 gene had a very low level of methylation in both case and control groups (PMR = 0). Subgroup analysis showed that PON1 and PON3 methylation were associated with cerebral infarction only in males (PON1, P = 0.0002; PON3, P = 0.007). Interestingly, the methylation levels of PON1 and PON3 were correlated with each other (case: r = 0.418, P = 0.0001; control: r = 0.3, P = 0.0002). Further multiple regression analysis suggested that elevated methylation levels of PON3 were a protective factor for cerebral infarction [OR (95%CI) = 0.979 (0.96, 0.999), β = -0.021, P = 0.035)], highdensity lipoprotein (HDL) and uric acid (UA) also were protective factors for cerebral infarction [HDL, OR (95% CI) = 0.01 (0.003, 0.033), P < 0.0001); UA, OR (95% CI) = 0.995 (0.991, 0.998), P = 0.003)]. The ROC curve analysis found that the combination of PON3, HDL, and UA had a good predictive power for cerebral infarction (AUC=0.878, 95% CI=0.839-0.918, sensitivity 73.7%, specificity 89.7%, P < 0.0001). CONCLUSION PON1 and PON3 promoter methylation levels in peripheral blood were closely related. PON1 and PON3 methylation were associated with the risk of cerebral infarction in men. PON3 promoter methylation combined with HDL and UA could be used as potential biomarkers for the diagnosis of cerebral infarction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianhao Xiao
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450014, China.,Department of Neurology, Shanghai Pudong Hospital, Fudan University Pudong Medical Center, Pudong, Shanghai 201399, China
| | - Xiaodong Li
- Department of Neurology, Zhengzhou Central Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450000, China
| | - Qian Yuan
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450014, China
| | - Simiao Zhang
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450014, China
| | - Kun Qu
- Department of Neurology, the 148th Hospital of PLA, Zibo, Shandong, 255330, China
| | - Boyi Wu
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China
| | - Yunliang Wang
- Department of Neurology, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, Henan, 450014, China.,Department of Neurology, the 148th Hospital of PLA, Zibo, Shandong, 255330, China
| | - Shiwei Duan
- School of Medicine, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang, 315211, China
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Alonso A, Chen LY, Rudser KD, Norby FL, Rooney MR, Lutsey PL. Effect of Magnesium Supplementation on Circulating Biomarkers of Cardiovascular Disease. Nutrients 2020; 12:nu12061697. [PMID: 32517192 PMCID: PMC7352673 DOI: 10.3390/nu12061697] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2020] [Revised: 06/01/2020] [Accepted: 06/02/2020] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Magnesium supplementation may be effective for the prevention of cardiometabolic diseases, but the mechanisms are unclear. Proteomic approaches can assist in identifying the underlying mechanisms. (2) Methods: We collected repeated blood samples from 52 individuals enrolled in a double-blind trial which randomized participants 1:1 to oral magnesium supplementation (400 mg magnesium/day in the form of magnesium oxide) or a matching placebo for 10 weeks. Plasma levels of 91 proteins were measured at baseline with follow-up samples using the Olink Cardiovascular Disease III proximity extension assay panel and were modeled as arbitrary units in a log2 scale. We evaluated the effect of oral magnesium supplementation for changes in protein levels and the baseline association between serum magnesium and protein levels. The Holm procedure was used to adjust for multiple comparisons. (3) Results: Participants were 73% women, 94% white, and had a mean age of 62. Changes in proteins did not significantly differ between the two intervention groups after correction for multiple comparisons. The most statistically significant effects were on myoglobin [difference −0.319 log2 units, 95% confidence interval (CI) (−0.550, −0.088), p = 0.008], tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase type 5 (−0.187, (−0.328, −0.045), p = 0.011), tumor necrosis factor ligand superfamily member 13B (−0.181, (−0.332, −0.031), p = 0.019), ST2 protein (−0.198, (−0.363, −0.032), p = 0.020), and interleukin-1 receptor type 1 (−0.144, (−0.273, −0.015), p = 0.029). Similarly, none of the associations of baseline serum magnesium with protein levels were significant after correction for multiple comparisons. (4) Conclusions: Although we did not identify statistically significant effects of oral magnesium supplementation in this relatively small study, this study demonstrates the value of proteomic approaches for the investigation of mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of magnesium supplementation. Clinical Trials Registration: ClinicalTrials.gov NCT02837328.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alvaro Alonso
- Department of Epidemiology, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-404-727-8714
| | - Lin Y. Chen
- Cardiovascular Division, Department of Medicine, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | - Kyle D. Rudser
- Division of Biostatistics, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA;
| | - Faye L. Norby
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA; (F.L.N.); (P.L.L.)
| | - Mary R. Rooney
- Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, MD 21287, USA;
| | - Pamela L. Lutsey
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, School of Public Health, University of Minnesota, Minneapolis, MN 55454, USA; (F.L.N.); (P.L.L.)
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Carusone TM, Cardiero G, Cerreta M, Mandrich L, Moran O, Porzio E, Catara G, Lacerra G, Manco G. WTAP and BIRC3 are involved in the posttranscriptional mechanisms that impact on the expression and activity of the human lactonase PON2. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:324. [PMID: 32382056 PMCID: PMC7206036 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-2504-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2019] [Revised: 03/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/23/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The activity of human paraoxonase 2 (PON2) is rapidly reduced in cells incubated with the bacterial quorormone 3-Oxo-dodecanoyl Homoserine Lactone (3OC12HSL), an observation that led to hypothesize a fast PON2 post-translational modification (PTM). Recently, we detected a 3OC12HSL-induced PTM in a cell-free system in which a crude extract from 3OC12HSL-treated HeLa cells was able to inactivate and ubiquitinate at position 144 a recombinant PON2. Here we show the occurrence of this and new PTMs on PON2 in HeLa cells. PTMs were found to gather nearby the two SNPs, A148G, and S311C, that are related to type-2 diabetes and its complications. Furthermore, we detected a PTM nearby a 12 amino acids region that is deleted in PON2 Isoform 2. An in vitro mutation analysis showed that the SNPs and the deletion are involved in PON2 activity and suggested a role of PTMs on its modulation, while a SAXS analysis pointed to Isoform 2 as being largely unstructured, compared to the wild type. Besides, we discovered a control of PON2 expression via a putative mRNA operon involving the Wilms tumor 1 associated protein (WTAP) and the E3 ubiquitin ligase (E3UbL) baculoviral IAP repeat-containing 3 (BIRC3).
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Affiliation(s)
- Teresa Maria Carusone
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC, CNR), National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Giovanna Cardiero
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati Traverso", (IGB-ABT, CNR), National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Mariangela Cerreta
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC, CNR), National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Luigi Mandrich
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC, CNR), National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Oscar Moran
- Institute of Biophysics (IBF, CNR), National Research Council, Genoa, Italy
| | - Elena Porzio
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC, CNR), National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuliana Catara
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC, CNR), National Research Council, Naples, Italy
| | - Giuseppina Lacerra
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics "Adriano Buzzati Traverso", (IGB-ABT, CNR), National Research Council, Naples, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Manco
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (IBBC, CNR), National Research Council, Naples, Italy.
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Shi S, Montalbetti N, Wang X, Rush BM, Marciszyn AL, Baty CJ, Tan RJ, Carattino MD, Kleyman TR. Paraoxonase 3 functions as a chaperone to decrease functional expression of the epithelial sodium channel. J Biol Chem 2020; 295:4950-4962. [PMID: 32079677 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.ra119.011789] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2019] [Revised: 02/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The paraoxonase (PON) family comprises three highly conserved members: PON1, PON2, and PON3. They are orthologs of Caenorhabditis elegans MEC-6, an endoplasmic reticulum-resident chaperone that has a critical role in proper assembly and surface expression of the touch-sensing degenerin channel in nematodes. We have shown recently that MEC-6 and PON2 negatively regulate functional expression of the epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC), suggesting that the chaperone function is conserved within this family. We hypothesized that other PON family members also modulate ion channel expression. Pon3 is specifically expressed in the aldosterone-sensitive distal tubules in the mouse kidney. We found here that knocking down endogenous Pon3 in mouse cortical collecting duct cells enhanced Na+ transport, which was associated with increased γENaC abundance. We further examined Pon3 regulation of ENaC in two heterologous expression systems, Fisher rat thyroid cells and Xenopus oocytes. Pon3 coimmunoprecipitated with each of the three ENaC subunits in Fisher rat thyroid cells. As a result of this interaction, the whole-cell and surface abundance of ENaC α and γ subunits was reduced by Pon3. When expressed in oocytes, Pon3 inhibited ENaC-mediated amiloride-sensitive Na+ currents, in part by reducing the surface expression of ENaC. In contrast, Pon3 did not alter the response of ENaC to chymotrypsin-mediated proteolytic activation or [2-(trimethylammonium)ethyl]methanethiosulfonate-induced activation of αβS518Cγ, suggesting that Pon3 does not affect channel open probability. Together, our results suggest that PON3 regulates ENaC expression by inhibiting its biogenesis and/or trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shujie Shi
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
| | - Nicolas Montalbetti
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
| | - Xueqi Wang
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261.,Department of Nephrology, Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha 410011, Hunan, China
| | - Brittney M Rush
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
| | - Allison L Marciszyn
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
| | - Catherine J Baty
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
| | - Roderick J Tan
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
| | - Marcelo D Carattino
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261.,Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
| | - Thomas R Kleyman
- Renal-Electrolyte Division, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261.,Department of Cell Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261.,Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15261
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Association of Race and Major Adverse Cardiac Events (MACE): The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) Cohort. J Aging Res 2020; 2020:7417242. [PMID: 32280543 PMCID: PMC7114773 DOI: 10.1155/2020/7417242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 02/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Background and Aims To evaluate the association of self-reported race with major adverse cardiac events (MACE) and modification of this association by paraoxonase gene (PON1, PON2, and PON3) single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Methods Included in this longitudinal study were 12,770 black or white participants from the Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities (ARIC) cohort who completed a baseline visit (1987–1989) with PON genotyping. Demographic, behavioral, and health information was obtained at baseline. MACE was defined as first occurrence of myocardial infarction, stroke, or CHD-related death through 2004. Cox proportional hazards regression was used to evaluate the association between race and MACE after adjustment for age, gender, and other demographic and cardiovascular risk factors such as diabetes and hypertension. Modification of the association between PON SNPs and MACE was also assessed. Results Blacks comprised 24.6% of the ARIC cohort; overall, 14.0% of participants developed MACE. Compared with whites, blacks had 1.24 times greater hazard of MACE (OR = 1.24,95%CI = 1.10,1.39) than whites after adjusting for age, gender, BMI, cigarette and alcohol use, educational and marital status, and aspirin use. This association became nonsignificant after further adjustment for high cholesterol, diabetes, and hypertension. None of the evaluated SNPs met the significance level (p < 0.001) after Bonferroni correction for multiple comparisons. Conclusions No association between race and MACE was identified after adjusting for high cholesterol, diabetes, and hypertension, suggesting that comorbidities are major determinants of MACE; medical intervention with focus on lifestyle and health management could ameliorate the development of MACE. Further studies are needed to confirm this observation.
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Tabatabaie M, Abdollahi S, Salehi-Abargouei A, Clark CCT, Karimi-Nazari E, Fallahzadeh H, Rahmanian M, Mozaffari-Khosravi H. The effect of resveratrol supplementation on serum levels of asymmetric de-methyl-arginine and paraoxonase 1 activity in patients with type 2 diabetes: A randomized, double-blind controlled trial. Phytother Res 2020; 34:2023-2031. [PMID: 32144833 DOI: 10.1002/ptr.6655] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 01/15/2020] [Accepted: 02/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
The present study sought to investigate the effect of micronized resveratrol supplementation on serum levels of asymmetric de-methyl-arginine (ADMA) and paraoxonase-1 (PON1) activity in patients with type 2 diabetes (T2D). In this double-blinded randomized trial, 76 patients with T2D were recruited. Participants were randomly assigned to consume 1,000 mg resveratrol or placebo capsules (methylcellulose) per day, for 8 weeks. Serum levels of ADMA and PON1 enzyme activity were measured at the beginning and end of the intervention using the enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay method. In total, 71 participants completed the study. Our results showed that resveratrol significantly decreased serum levels of ADMA (-0.16 ± 0.11, p < .001) and improved PON1 enzyme activity (15.39 ± 13.99, p < .001) compared with placebo, after adjusting for confounding factors (age, sex, and baseline body mass index). Our findings suggest that 8-week resveratrol supplementation may produce beneficial effects on serum levels of ADMA and PON1 enzyme activity in patients with T2DM. However, further research is needed to confirm the veracity of these results.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mahtab Tabatabaie
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.,Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Shima Abdollahi
- Department of Nutrition and Public Health, School of Public Health, North Khorasan University, Bojnurd, Iran
| | - Amin Salehi-Abargouei
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.,Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Cain C T Clark
- Centre for Sport, Exercise, and Life Sciences, Coventry University, Coventry, UK
| | - Elham Karimi-Nazari
- Nutrition and Food Security Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Hossein Fallahzadeh
- Department of Biostatistics and Epidemiology, Research Center of Prevention and Epidemiology of Non-Communicable Disease, School of Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Masoud Rahmanian
- Yazd Diabetic Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
| | - Hassan Mozaffari-Khosravi
- Department of Nutrition, School of Public Health, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran.,Yazd Diabetic Research Center, Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences, Yazd, Iran
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Shokri Y, Variji A, Nosrati M, Khonakdar-Tarsi A, Kianmehr A, Kashi Z, Bahar A, Bagheri A, Mahrooz A. Importance of paraoxonase 1 (PON1) as an antioxidant and antiatherogenic enzyme in the cardiovascular complications of type 2 diabetes: Genotypic and phenotypic evaluation. Diabetes Res Clin Pract 2020; 161:108067. [PMID: 32044348 DOI: 10.1016/j.diabres.2020.108067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/11/2019] [Revised: 01/13/2020] [Accepted: 02/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Oxidant-antioxidant imbalance is involved in the etiology of different diseases, including cardiovascular diseases (CVDs), liver disorders, kidney diseases, cancers and diabetes mellitus. Antioxidant enzymes play a key role in striking an oxidant-antioxidant balance. Moreover, paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is an antioxidant enzyme that binds with high-density lipoprotein (HDL) in the circulation, and antioxidant and antiaterogenic properties of this lipoprotein are significantly associated with PON1. Research suggests PON1 contributes to the pathogenesis of certain human diseases such as type 2 diabetes (T2D). The association between PON1 and T2D appear to be reciprocal so that the disease significantly decreases PON1 levels and in turn, the genetics of PON1 may have a role the risk of susceptibility to T2D. Several factors that reduce the activity and concentration of PON1 in patients with T2D include increased glycation and loss-of-function polymorphisms. The genotypic and phenotypic evaluations of PON1 are therefore crucial for assessing the risk of cardiovascular complications in these patients, and strategies for increasing or restoring PON1 levels are useful for reducing or preventing their cardiovascular complications as their main cause of mortality. The present review aimed at discussing and emphasizing the key role of PON1 in T2D as a silent and dangerous disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasaman Shokri
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Atena Variji
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Mani Nosrati
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Abbas Khonakdar-Tarsi
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Anvarsadat Kianmehr
- Golestan Research Center of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran; Department of Medical Biotechnology, Faculty of Advanced Madical Technologies, Golestan University of Medical Sciences, Gorgan, Iran
| | - Zahra Kashi
- Diabetes Research Center, Imam Teaching Hospital, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Adele Bahar
- Diabetes Research Center, Imam Teaching Hospital, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran
| | - Abouzar Bagheri
- Department of Clinical Biochemistry and Genetics, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
| | - Abdolkarim Mahrooz
- Molecular and Cell Biology Research Center, Faculty of Medicine, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran; Diabetes Research Center, Imam Teaching Hospital, Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences, Sari, Iran.
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Ding GY, Zhu XD, Ji Y, Shi GM, Shen YH, Zhou J, Fan J, Sun HC, Huang C. Serum PON1 as a biomarker for the estimation of microvascular invasion in hepatocellular carcinoma. ANNALS OF TRANSLATIONAL MEDICINE 2020; 8:204. [PMID: 32309351 PMCID: PMC7154400 DOI: 10.21037/atm.2020.01.44] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Background Microvascular invasion (MVI) is considered as one of the most powerful prognostic factors in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). Currently, it could only be diagnosed by post-operative histological examination. This study aimed to assess the diagnostic value of serum paraoxonase 1 (PON1) for MVI. Methods In this study, we analyzed data from 754 HCC patients who underwent surgical treatment between December 2010 and November 2011. Serum PON1 was measured by ELISA and receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve was applied to calculate diagnostic accuracy. Results MVI was detected in 174 of 505 patients (34.5%) in the test cohort and 84 of 249 patients (33.7%) in the validation cohort. Univariate analyses indicated tumor size, AFP, and PON1 were significantly related with vascular invasion status. ROC curves determined the optimum diagnostic cutoff value for PON1 was 191.12 ng/mL (AUC 0.754, 95% CI: 0.710-0.798, sensitivity 70.67%, specificity 78.11% in the test cohort), which was significantly better than AFP (cutoff value 279.8 ng/mL, AUC 0.666, 95% CI: 0.618-0.714, sensitivity 40.38%, specificity 85.19%, P=0.0063). In the sHCC sub-group, PON1 retained diagnostic value (AUC 0.738, 95% CI: 0.680-0.796, sensitivity 72.82%, specificity 76.57% in the test cohort), while AFP failed to do so (AUC 0.579, 95% CI: 0.511-0.647, sensitivity 26.21%, specificity 86.84%, P=0.0003). These results were further confirmed by the validation cohort. The combination of PON1 and AFP increased the diagnostic accuracy for vascular invasion compared with either test alone (AUC 0.785, 95% CI: 0.744-0.826, sensitivity 75.96%, specificity 77.44%; PON1 plus AFP vs. PON1 alone, P=0.0004; PON1 plus AFP vs. AFP alone, P<0.0001). Conclusions Serum PON1 could potentially be used to diagnose MVI and could be used to guide more personalized treatment strategy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Guang-Yu Ding
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Xiao-Dong Zhu
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yuan Ji
- Department of Pathology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Guo-Ming Shi
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ying-Hao Shen
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jian Zhou
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Jia Fan
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Hui-Chuan Sun
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Cheng Huang
- Department of Liver Surgery and Transplantation, Liver Cancer Institute, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China.,Key Laboratory for Carcinogenesis and Cancer Invasion, the Chinese Ministry of Education, Shanghai 200032, China
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Capsaicin Exerts Anti-convulsant and Neuroprotective Effects in Pentylenetetrazole-Induced Seizures. Neurochem Res 2020; 45:1045-1061. [PMID: 32036609 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-020-02979-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 01/07/2020] [Accepted: 01/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The transient receptor potential vanilloid-1 (TRPV1) receptor has been implicated in the development of epileptic seizures. We examined the effect of the TRPV1 agonist capsaicin on epileptic seizures, neuronal injury and oxidative stress in a model of status epilepticus induced in the rat by intraperitoneal (i.p.) injections of pentylenetetrazole (PTZ). Capsaicin was i.p. given at 1 or 2 mg/kg, 30 min before the first PTZ injection. Other groups were i.p. treated with the vehicle or the anti-epileptic drug phenytoin (30 mg/kg) alone or co-administered with capsaicin at 2 mg/kg. Brain levels of malondialdehyde (MDA), reduced glutathione (GSH), nitric oxide, and paraoxonase-1 (PON-1) activity, seizure scores, latency time and PTZ dose required to reach status epilepticus were determined. Histopathological assessment of neuronal damage was done. Results showed that brain MDA decreased by treatment with capsaicin, phenytoin or capsaicin/phenytoin. Nitric oxide decreased by capsaicin or capsaicin/phenytoin. GSH and PON-1 activity increased after capsaicin, phenytoin or capsaicin/phenytoin. Mean total seizure score decreased by 48.8% and 66.3% by capsaicin compared with 78.7% for phenytoin and 69.8% for capsaicin/phenytoin treatment. Only phenytoin increased the latency (115.7%) and threshold dose of PTZ (78.3%). Capsaicin did not decrease the anti-convulsive effect of phenytoin but prevented the phenytoin-induced increase in latency time and threshold dose. Neuronal damage decreased by phenytoin or capsaicin at 2 mg/kg but almost completely prevented by capsaicin/phenytoin. Thus in this model of status epilepticus, capsaicin decreased brain oxidative stress, the severity of seizures and neuronal injury and its co-administration with phenytoin afforded neuronal protection.
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Zhou M, Liu XH, Liu QQ, Chen M, Bai H, Guan LB, Fan P. Lactonase Activity, Status, and Genetic Variations of Paraoxonase 1 in Women with Gestational Diabetes Mellitus. J Diabetes Res 2020; 2020:3483427. [PMID: 32090118 PMCID: PMC7023839 DOI: 10.1155/2020/3483427] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/24/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Paraoxonase 1 (PON1) is a calcium-dependent multifunctional enzyme that binds to high-density lipoproteins. The physiological function of PON1 is related to its lactonase activity. However, this activity has not been analyzed in women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). The present study investigated the lactonase activities and status of PON1 and their association with PON1 genetic variants and oxidative stress indices in Chinese women with GDM. METHODS This is a case-control study of 347 women with GDM and 288 women with uncomplicated pregnancies. PON1 levels and lactonase activities were analyzed using 7-O-diethylphosphoryl-3-cyano-4-methyl-7-hydroxycoumarin (DEPCyMC) and 5-thiobutyl butyrolactone (TBBL), respectively. A normalized lactonase activity (NLA) was estimated based on the ratio of TBBLase to DEPCyMCase activity. Serum malondialdehyde (MDA), total oxidant status (TOS), total antioxidant capacity (TAC) levels, and PON1 genetic variants and oxidative stress indices in Chinese women with GDM. RESULTS PON1 lactonase activity and levels of TOS, TAC, and MDA were higher in the GDM women compared with the control women. The PON1 -108C→T genetic variation decreased the levels and lactonase activities of PON1 in a genotype-dependent manner in the patient and control groups. GDM patients with the PON1 -108TT genotype displayed lower NLA than those with the -108CC or -108CT genotype. GDM patients with the RR genotype of PON1 192Q/R polymorphism had significantly lower PON1 lactonase activities and NLA and tended to have decreased PON1 levels compared with those with the QQ or QR genotype. Multivariable regression analysis revealed that the PON1 -108C/T or 192Q/R variations, apolipoprotein (apo) A1, apoB, TAC, MDA, or age was significant predictors of the levels, lactonase activities, or NLA of PON1. CONCLUSIONS The lactonase activities of PON1 are increased in women with GDM. PON1 genetic variants, increased oxidative stress, and abnormalities in lipoproteins may be associated with these changes.PON1 genetic variants and oxidative stress indices in Chinese women with GDM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mi Zhou
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| | - Xing-Hui Liu
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| | - Qing-Qing Liu
- Laboratory of Genetic Disease and Perinatal Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| | - Meng Chen
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| | - Huai Bai
- Laboratory of Genetic Disease and Perinatal Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| | - Lin-Bo Guan
- Laboratory of Genetic Disease and Perinatal Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
| | - Ping Fan
- Laboratory of Genetic Disease and Perinatal Medicine, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610041 Sichuan, China
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Paraoxonase 3: Structure and Its Role in Pathophysiology of Coronary Artery Disease. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9120817. [PMID: 31816846 PMCID: PMC6995636 DOI: 10.3390/biom9120817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/08/2019] [Revised: 11/11/2019] [Accepted: 11/15/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Spanning three decades in research, Paraoxonases (PON1) carried potential of dealing with neurotoxicity of organophosphates entering the circulation and preventing cholinergic crisis. In the past few years, the Paraoxonase multigene family (PON1, PON2, PON3) has been shown to play an important role in pathogenesis of cardiovascular disorders including coronary artery disease (CAD). The PON genes are clustered in tandem on the long arm of human chromosome 7 (q21, 22). All of them have been shown to act as antioxidants. Of them, PON3 is the least studied member as its exact physiological substrate is still not clear. This has further led to limitation in our understanding of its role in pathogenesis of CAD and development of the potential therapeutic agents which might modulate its activity, expression in circulation and tissues. In the present review, we discuss the structure and activity of human PON3 enzyme and its Single nucleotide variants that could potentially lead to new clinical strategies in prevention and treatment of CAD.
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Sayılan Özgün G, Özgün E, Tabakçıoğlu K, Süer Gökmen S, Eskiocak S. Effect of palmitate-induced steatosis on paraoxonase-1 and paraoxonase-3 enzymes in human-derived liver (HepG2) cells. ARCHIVES OF CLINICAL AND EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE 2019. [DOI: 10.25000/acem.623975] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
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Tomašić N, Kotarsky H, de Oliveira Figueiredo R, Hansson E, Mörgelin M, Tomašić I, Kallijärvi J, Elmér E, Jauhiainen M, Eklund EA, Fellman V. Fasting reveals largely intact systemic lipid mobilization mechanisms in respiratory chain complex III deficient mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2019; 1866:165573. [PMID: 31672551 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2019.165573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/01/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Mice homozygous for the human GRACILE syndrome mutation (Bcs1lc.A232G) display decreased respiratory chain complex III activity, liver dysfunction, hypoglycemia, rapid loss of white adipose tissue and early death. To assess the underlying mechanism of the lipodystrophy in homozygous mice (Bcs1lp.S78G), these and wild-type control mice were subjected to a short 4-hour fast. The homozygotes had low baseline blood glucose values, but a similar decrease in response to fasting as in wild-type mice, resulting in hypoglycemia in the majority. Despite the already depleted glycogen and increased triacylglycerol content in the mutant livers, the mice responded to fasting by further depletion and increase, respectively. Increased plasma free fatty acids (FAs) upon fasting suggested normal capacity for mobilization of lipids from white adipose tissue into circulation. Strikingly, however, serum glycerol concentration was not increased concomitantly with free FAs, suggesting its rapid uptake into the liver and utilization for fuel or gluconeogenesis in the mutants. The mutant hepatocyte mitochondria were capable of responding to fasting by appropriate morphological changes, as analyzed by electron microscopy, and by increasing respiration. Mutants showed increased hepatic gene expression of major metabolic controllers typically associated with fasting response (Ppargc1a, Fgf21, Cd36) already in the fed state, suggesting a chronic starvation-like metabolic condition. Despite this, the mutant mice responded largely normally to fasting by increasing hepatic respiration and switching to FA utilization, indicating that the mechanisms driving these adaptations are not compromised by the CIII dysfunction. SUMMARY STATEMENT: Bcs1l mutant mice with severe CIII deficiency, energy deprivation and post-weaning lipolysis respond to fasting similarly to wild-type mice, suggesting largely normal systemic lipid mobilization and utilization mechanisms.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nikica Tomašić
- Lund University, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Pediatrics, Lund, Sweden; Karolinska University Hospital, Department of Neonatology, Stockholm, Sweden; Faculty of Science, Department of Biology, University of Zagreb, Croatia.
| | - Heike Kotarsky
- Department of Pathology, Region Skåne, Lund University, Sweden
| | | | - Eva Hansson
- Lund University, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Pediatrics, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Matthias Mörgelin
- Lund University, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Ivan Tomašić
- Mälardalen University, Division of Intelligent Future Technologies, Västerås, Sweden.
| | - Jukka Kallijärvi
- Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Stem Cells and Metabolism Research Program, Faculty of Medicine, University of Helsinki, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Eskil Elmér
- Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Mitochondrial Medicine, Lund University, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Matti Jauhiainen
- Minerva Foundation Institute for Medical Research, Biomedicum 2U, National Institute for Health and Welfare, Helsinki, Finland.
| | - Erik A Eklund
- Lund University, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Pediatrics, Lund, Sweden.
| | - Vineta Fellman
- Lund University, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund, Pediatrics, Lund, Sweden; Folkhälsan Research Center, Helsinki, Finland; Children's Hospital, University of Helsinki, Helsinki. Finland.
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Jeries H, Volkova N, Grajeda-Iglesias C, Najjar M, Rosenblat M, Aviram M, Hayek T. Prednisone and Its Active Metabolite Prednisolone Attenuate Lipid Accumulation in Macrophages. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol Ther 2019; 25:174-186. [PMID: 31648564 DOI: 10.1177/1074248419883591] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Synthetic forms of glucocorticoids (GCs; eg, prednisone, prednisolone) are anti-inflammatory drugs that are widely used in clinical practice. The role of GCs in cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis, is highly controversial, and their impact on macrophage foam cell formation is still unknown. We investigated the effects of prednisone and prednisolone on macrophage oxidative stress and lipid metabolism. METHODS AND RESULTS C57BL/6 mice were intraperitoneally injected with prednisone or prednisolone (5 mg/kg) for 4 weeks, followed by lipid metabolism analyses in the aorta and peritoneal macrophages. We also analyzed the effect of serum samples obtained from 9 healthy human volunteers before and after oral administration of prednisone (20 mg for 5 days) on J774A.1 macrophage atherogenicity. Finally, J774A.1 macrophages, human monocyte-derived macrophages, and fibroblasts were incubated with increasing concentrations (0-200 ng/mL) of prednisone or prednisolone, followed by determination of cellular oxidative status, and triglyceride and cholesterol metabolism. Prednisone and prednisolone treatment resulted in a significant reduction in triglyceride and cholesterol accumulation in macrophages, as observed in vivo, ex vivo, and in vitro. These effects were associated with GCs' inhibitory effect on triglyceride- and cholesterol-biosynthesis rates, through downregulation of diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 and HMG-CoA reductase expression. Glucocorticoid-induced reduction of cellular lipid accumulation was mediated by the GC receptors on the macrophages, because the GC-receptor antagonist (RU486) abolished these effects. In fibroblasts, unlike macrophages, GCs showed no effects. CONCLUSION Prednisone and prednisolone exhibit antiatherogenic activity by protecting macrophages from lipid accumulation and foam cell formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helana Jeries
- The Lipid Research Laboratory, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Nina Volkova
- The Lipid Research Laboratory, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Claudia Grajeda-Iglesias
- The Lipid Research Laboratory, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Mahmoud Najjar
- Department of Internal Medicine E, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
| | - Mira Rosenblat
- The Lipid Research Laboratory, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Michael Aviram
- The Lipid Research Laboratory, Rappaport Faculty of Medicine, Technion-Israel Institute of Technology, Haifa, Israel
| | - Tony Hayek
- Department of Internal Medicine E, Rambam Health Care Campus, Haifa, Israel
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