1
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Li C, Yang Q, Zhang L. Identification of putative allosteric inhibitors of BCKDK via virtual screening and biological evaluation. J Enzyme Inhib Med Chem 2024; 39:2290458. [PMID: 38059302 DOI: 10.1080/14756366.2023.2290458] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 11/21/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Abnormal accumulation of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) can lead to metabolic diseases and cancers. Branched-chain α-keto acid dehydrogenase kinase (BCKDK) is a key negative regulator of BCAA catabolism, and targeting BCKDK provides a promising therapeutic approach for diseases caused by BCAA accumulation. Here, we screened PPHN and POAB as novel putative allosteric inhibitors by integrating allosteric binding site prediction, large-scale ligand database virtual screening, and bioactivity evaluation assays. Both of them showed a high binding affinity to BCKDK, with Kd values of 3.9 μM and 1.86 μM, respectively. In vivo experiments, the inhibitors demonstrated superior kinase inhibitory activity and notable antiproliferative and proapoptotic effects on diverse cancer cells. Finally, bulk RNA-seq analysis revealed that PPHN and POAB suppressed cell growth through a range of signalling pathways. Taken together, our findings highlight two novel BCKDK inhibitors as potent therapeutic candidates for metabolic diseases and cancers associated with BCAA dysfunctional metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunqiong Li
- Genomics Center, Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
| | - Quanjun Yang
- Department of Pharmacy, Shanghai Sixth People's Hospital Affiliated Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Li Zhang
- Genomics Center, Chinese Institute for Brain Research, Beijing, China
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2
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Li M, Meng Y, Hong X, Chai H, Huang J, Wang F, Zhang W, Wang J, Liu Q, Xu Y. Anti-atherosclerotic effect of tetrahydroxy stilbene glucoside via dual-targeting of hepatic lipid metabolisms and aortic M2 macrophage polarization in ApoE -/- mice. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2024; 248:116338. [PMID: 38971092 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2024.116338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2023] [Revised: 05/13/2024] [Accepted: 07/03/2024] [Indexed: 07/08/2024]
Abstract
Tetrahydroxy stilbene glucoside (TSG) is a water-soluble natural product that has shown potential in treating atherosclerosis (AS). However, its underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we demonstrate that an 8-week TSG treatment (100 mg/kg/d) significantly reduces atherosclerotic lesions and alleviates dyslipidemia symptoms in ApoE-/- mice. 1H nuclear magnetic resonance metabolomic analysis reveals differences in both lipid components and water-soluble metabolites in the livers of AS mice compared to control groups, and TSG treatment shifts the metabolic profiles of AS mice towards a normal state. At the transcriptional level, TSG significantly restores the expression of fatty acid metabolism-related genes (Srepb-1c, Fasn, Scd1, Gpat1, Dgat1, Pparα and Cpt1α), and regulates the expression levels of disturbed cholesterol metabolism-related genes (Srebp2, Hmgcr, Ldlr, Acat1, Acat2 and Cyp7a1) associated with lipid metabolism. Furthermore, at the cellular level, TSG remarkably polarizes aortic macrophages to their M2 phenotype. Our data demonstrate that TSG alleviates arthrosclerosis by dual-targeting to hepatic lipid metabolism and aortic M2 macrophage polarization in ApoE-/- mice, with significant implications for translational medicine and the treatment of AS using natural products.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghui Li
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Mechanism of Major Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Yuanyuan Meng
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Mechanism of Major Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Xuelian Hong
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Mechanism of Major Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Hui Chai
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Mechanism of Major Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Jianye Huang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Mechanism of Major Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Fengge Wang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Mechanism of Major Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Wenjie Zhang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Mechanism of Major Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Juncheng Wang
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Mechanism of Major Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China
| | - Qingwang Liu
- Institute of Heath & Medical Technology, Hefei Institute of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei 230031, China.
| | - Yuekang Xu
- Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Molecular Enzymology and Mechanism of Major Diseases, College of Life Sciences, Anhui Normal University, Wuhu 241000, China.
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3
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Tanase DM, Valasciuc E, Costea CF, Scripcariu DV, Ouatu A, Hurjui LL, Tarniceriu CC, Floria DE, Ciocoiu M, Baroi LG, Floria M. Duality of Branched-Chain Amino Acids in Chronic Cardiovascular Disease: Potential Biomarkers versus Active Pathophysiological Promoters. Nutrients 2024; 16:1972. [PMID: 38931325 PMCID: PMC11206939 DOI: 10.3390/nu16121972] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/19/2024] [Revised: 06/13/2024] [Accepted: 06/18/2024] [Indexed: 06/28/2024] Open
Abstract
Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), comprising leucine (Leu), isoleucine (Ile), and valine (Val), are essential nutrients vital for protein synthesis and metabolic regulation via specialized signaling networks. Their association with cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) has become a focal point of scientific debate, with emerging evidence suggesting both beneficial and detrimental roles. This review aims to dissect the multifaceted relationship between BCAAs and cardiovascular health, exploring the molecular mechanisms and clinical implications. Elevated BCAA levels have also been linked to insulin resistance (IR), type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), inflammation, and dyslipidemia, which are well-established risk factors for CVD. Central to these processes are key pathways such as mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling, nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activate B cells (NF-κB)-mediated inflammation, and oxidative stress. Additionally, the interplay between BCAA metabolism and gut microbiota, particularly the production of metabolites like trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO), adds another layer of complexity. Contrarily, some studies propose that BCAAs may have cardioprotective effects under certain conditions, contributing to muscle maintenance and metabolic health. This review critically evaluates the evidence, addressing the biological basis and signal transduction mechanism, and also discusses the potential for BCAAs to act as biomarkers versus active mediators of cardiovascular pathology. By presenting a balanced analysis, this review seeks to clarify the contentious roles of BCAAs in CVD, providing a foundation for future research and therapeutic strategies required because of the rising prevalence, incidence, and total burden of CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Maria Tanase
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (D.M.T.); (A.O.); (D.E.F.); (M.F.)
- Internal Medicine Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, Iasi 700111, Romania
| | - Emilia Valasciuc
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (D.M.T.); (A.O.); (D.E.F.); (M.F.)
- Internal Medicine Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, Iasi 700111, Romania
| | - Claudia Florida Costea
- Department of Ophthalmology, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
- 2nd Ophthalmology Clinic, “Prof. Dr. Nicolae Oblu” Emergency Clinical Hospital, 700309 Iași, Romania
| | - Dragos Viorel Scripcariu
- Department of General Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
- Regional Institute of Oncology, 700483 Iasi, Romania
| | - Anca Ouatu
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (D.M.T.); (A.O.); (D.E.F.); (M.F.)
- Internal Medicine Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, Iasi 700111, Romania
| | - Loredana Liliana Hurjui
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences II, Physiology Discipline, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
- Hematology Laboratory, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Claudia Cristina Tarniceriu
- Department of Morpho-Functional Sciences I, Discipline of Anatomy, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
- Hematology Clinic, “Sf. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Diana Elena Floria
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (D.M.T.); (A.O.); (D.E.F.); (M.F.)
- Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Manuela Ciocoiu
- Department of Pathophysiology, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
| | - Livia Genoveva Baroi
- Department of Surgery, Faculty of Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania;
- Department of Vascular Surgery, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, 700111 Iasi, Romania
| | - Mariana Floria
- Department of Internal Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iasi, Romania; (D.M.T.); (A.O.); (D.E.F.); (M.F.)
- Internal Medicine Clinic, “St. Spiridon” County Clinical Emergency Hospital, Iasi 700111, Romania
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4
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Li Y, Zhang Z, Zhang Z, Zheng N, Ding X. Empagliflozin, a sodium-glucose cotransporter inhibitor enhancing mitochondrial action and cardioprotection in metabolic syndrome. J Cell Physiol 2024; 239:e31264. [PMID: 38764242 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.31264] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2023] [Revised: 03/13/2024] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 05/21/2024]
Abstract
Metabolic syndrome (MetS) has a large clinical population nowadays, usually due to excessive energy intake and lack of exercise. During MetS, excess nutrients stress the mitochondria, resulting in relative hypoxia in tissues and organs, even when blood supply is not interrupted or reduced, making mitochondrial dysfunction a central pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease in the MetS. Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 inhibitors were designed as a hyperglycemic drug that acts on the renal tubules to block sugar reabsorption in primary urine. Recently they have been shown to have anti-inflammatory and other protective effects on cardiomyocytes in MetS, and have also been recommended in the latest heart failure guidelines as a routine therapy. Among these inhibitors, empagliflozin shows better clinical promise due to less influence from glomerular filtration rate. This review focuses on the mitochondrial mechanisms of empagliflozin, which underlie the anti-inflammatory and recover cellular functions in MetS cardiomyocytes, including stabilizing calcium concentration, mediating metabolic reprogramming, maintaining homeostasis of mitochondrial quantity and quality, stable mitochondrial DNA copy number, and repairing damaged mitochondrial DNA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yunhao Li
- Graduate School, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Department of Cardiology, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, Shenyang, China
| | - Zhanming Zhang
- Faculty of Science, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
| | - Zheming Zhang
- Graduate School, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Ningning Zheng
- Department of Pathophysiology, College of Basic Medical Science, China Medical University, Shenyang, China
| | - Xudong Ding
- Department of Anesthesiology, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, China
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5
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Han X, Hong Q, Peng F, Zhang Y, Wu L, Wang X, Zheng Y, Chen X. Hippo pathway activated by circulating reactive oxygen species mediates cardiac diastolic dysfunction after acute kidney injury. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2024; 1870:167184. [PMID: 38648903 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2024.167184] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 04/15/2024] [Accepted: 04/16/2024] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
Acute kidney injury (AKI) can cause distal cardiac dysfunction; however, the underlying mechanism is unknown. Oxidative stress is proved prominent in AKI-induced cardiac dysfunction, and a possible bridge role of oxidative-stress products in cardio-renal interaction has been reported. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the critical role of circulating reactive oxygen species (ROS) in mediating cardiac dysfunction after bilateral renal ischemia-reperfusion injury (IRI). We observed the diastolic dysfunction in the mice following renal IRI, accompanied by reduced ATP levels, oxidative stress, and branched-chain amino acids (BCAA) accumulation in the heart. Notably, ROS levels showed a sequential increase in the kidneys, circulation, and heart. Treatment with tempol, an ROS scavenger, significantly restored cardiac diastolic function in the renal IRI mice, corroborating the bridge role of circulating ROS. Accumulating evidence has identified oxidative stress as upstream of Mst1/Hippo in cardiac injury, which could regulate the expression of downstream genes related to mitochondrial quality control, leading to lower ATP, higher ROS and metabolic disorder. To verify this, we examined the activation of the Mst1/Hippo pathway in the heart of renal IRI mice, which was alleviated by tempol treatment as well. In vitro, analysis revealed that Mst1-knockdown cardiomyocytes could be activated by hydrogen peroxide (H2O2). Analysis of Mst1-overexpression cardiomyocytes confirmed the critical role of the Mst1/Hippo pathway in oxidative stress and BCAA dysmetabolism. Therefore, our results indicated that circulating ROS following renal IRI activates the Mst1/Hippo pathway of myocardium, leading to cardiac oxidative stress and diastolic dysfunction. This finding provides new insights for the clinical exploration of improved treatment options for cardiorenal syndrome.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao Han
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, National Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Chronic Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases Research, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Quan Hong
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, National Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Chronic Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases Research, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Fei Peng
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, National Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Chronic Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases Research, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Yan Zhang
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, National Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Chronic Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases Research, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Lingling Wu
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, National Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Chronic Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases Research, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Xu Wang
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, National Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Chronic Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases Research, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Ying Zheng
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, National Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Chronic Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases Research, Beijing 100853, China.
| | - Xiangmei Chen
- Department of Nephrology, First Medical Center of Chinese People's Liberation Army (PLA) General Hospital, Chinese PLA Institute of Nephrology, National Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases, National Clinical Research Center for Chronic Kidney Diseases, Beijing Key Laboratory of Kidney Diseases Research, Beijing 100853, China.
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6
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Anand SK, Governale TA, Zhang X, Razani B, Yurdagul A, Pattillo CB, Rom O. Amino Acid Metabolism and Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease. THE AMERICAN JOURNAL OF PATHOLOGY 2024; 194:510-524. [PMID: 38171450 PMCID: PMC10988767 DOI: 10.1016/j.ajpath.2023.12.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 12/06/2023] [Indexed: 01/05/2024]
Abstract
Despite significant advances in medical treatments and drug development, atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) remains a leading cause of death worldwide. Dysregulated lipid metabolism is a well-established driver of ASCVD. Unfortunately, even with potent lipid-lowering therapies, ASCVD-related deaths have continued to increase over the past decade, highlighting an incomplete understanding of the underlying risk factors and mechanisms of ASCVD. Accumulating evidence over the past decades indicates a correlation between amino acids and disease state. This review explores the emerging role of amino acid metabolism in ASCVD, uncovering novel potential biomarkers, causative factors, and therapeutic targets. Specifically, the significance of arginine and its related metabolites, homoarginine and polyamines, branched-chain amino acids, glycine, and aromatic amino acids, in ASCVD are discussed. These amino acids and their metabolites have been implicated in various processes characteristic of ASCVD, including impaired lipid metabolism, endothelial dysfunction, increased inflammatory response, and necrotic core development. Understanding the complex interplay between dysregulated amino acid metabolism and ASCVD provides new insights that may lead to the development of novel diagnostic and therapeutic approaches. Although further research is needed to uncover the precise mechanisms involved, it is evident that amino acid metabolism plays a role in ASCVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sumit Kumar Anand
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana
| | - Theresea-Anne Governale
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana
| | - Xiangyu Zhang
- Division of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Babak Razani
- Division of Cardiology and Vascular Medicine Institute, Department of Medicine, University of Pittsburgh School of Medicine and University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania
| | - Arif Yurdagul
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana; Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana; Center for Cardiovascular Diseases and Sciences, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana
| | - Christopher B Pattillo
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana; Center for Cardiovascular Diseases and Sciences, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana.
| | - Oren Rom
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana; Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana; Center for Cardiovascular Diseases and Sciences, Louisiana State University Health Sciences Center-Shreveport, Shreveport, Louisiana.
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Bowman CE, Neinast MD, Jang C, Patel J, Blair MC, Mirek ET, Jonsson WO, Chu Q, Merlo L, Mandik-Nayak L, Anthony TG, Rabinowitz JD, Arany Z. Off-target depletion of plasma tryptophan by allosteric inhibitors of BCKDK. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2024:2024.03.05.582974. [PMID: 38496495 PMCID: PMC10942310 DOI: 10.1101/2024.03.05.582974] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/19/2024]
Abstract
The activation of branched chain amino acid (BCAA) catabolism has garnered interest as a potential therapeutic approach to improve insulin sensitivity, enhance recovery from heart failure, and blunt tumor growth. Evidence for this interest relies in part on BT2, a small molecule that promotes BCAA oxidation and is protective in mouse models of these pathologies. BT2 and other analogs allosterically inhibit branched chain ketoacid dehydrogenase kinase (BCKDK) to promote BCAA oxidation, which is presumed to underlie the salutary effects of BT2. Potential "off-target" effects of BT2 have not been considered, however. We therefore tested for metabolic off-target effects of BT2 in Bckdk-/- animals. As expected, BT2 failed to activate BCAA oxidation in these animals. Surprisingly, however, BT2 strongly reduced plasma tryptophan levels and promoted catabolism of tryptophan to kynurenine in both control and Bckdk-/- mice. Mechanistic studies revealed that none of the principal tryptophan catabolic or kynurenine-producing/consuming enzymes (TDO, IDO1, IDO2, or KATs) were required for BT2-mediated lowering of plasma tryptophan. Instead, using equilibrium dialysis assays and mice lacking albumin, we show that BT2 avidly binds plasma albumin and displaces tryptophan, releasing it for catabolism. These data confirm that BT2 activates BCAA oxidation via inhibition of BCKDK but also reveal a robust off-target effect on tryptophan metabolism via displacement from serum albumin. The data highlight a potential confounding effect for pharmaceutical compounds that compete for binding with albumin-bound tryptophan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlyn E. Bowman
- Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Present address: Biology Department, Williams College, Williamstown, MA, USA
| | - Michael D. Neinast
- Department of Chemistry and Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Cholsoon Jang
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California Irvine, Irvine, CA, USA
| | - Jiten Patel
- Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Megan C. Blair
- Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Emily T. Mirek
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - William O. Jonsson
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Qingwei Chu
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
| | - Lauren Merlo
- Lankenau Institute for Medical Research, Wynnewood, PA, USA
| | | | - Tracy G. Anthony
- Department of Nutritional Sciences, Rutgers School of Environmental and Biological Sciences, New Brunswick, NJ, USA
| | - Joshua D. Rabinowitz
- Department of Chemistry and Lewis-Sigler Institute for Integrative Genomics, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, USA
| | - Zolt Arany
- Cardiovascular Institute, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
- Institute for Diabetes, Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA, USA
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8
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Romero-Becera R, Santamans AM, Arcones AC, Sabio G. From Beats to Metabolism: the Heart at the Core of Interorgan Metabolic Cross Talk. Physiology (Bethesda) 2024; 39:98-125. [PMID: 38051123 DOI: 10.1152/physiol.00018.2023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The heart, once considered a mere blood pump, is now recognized as a multifunctional metabolic and endocrine organ. Its function is tightly regulated by various metabolic processes, at the same time it serves as an endocrine organ, secreting bioactive molecules that impact systemic metabolism. In recent years, research has shed light on the intricate interplay between the heart and other metabolic organs, such as adipose tissue, liver, and skeletal muscle. The metabolic flexibility of the heart and its ability to switch between different energy substrates play a crucial role in maintaining cardiac function and overall metabolic homeostasis. Gaining a comprehensive understanding of how metabolic disorders disrupt cardiac metabolism is crucial, as it plays a pivotal role in the development and progression of cardiac diseases. The emerging understanding of the heart as a metabolic and endocrine organ highlights its essential contribution to whole body metabolic regulation and offers new insights into the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases, such as obesity, diabetes, and cardiovascular disorders. In this review, we provide an in-depth exploration of the heart's metabolic and endocrine functions, emphasizing its role in systemic metabolism and the interplay between the heart and other metabolic organs. Furthermore, emerging evidence suggests a correlation between heart disease and other conditions such as aging and cancer, indicating that the metabolic dysfunction observed in these conditions may share common underlying mechanisms. By unraveling the complex mechanisms underlying cardiac metabolism, we aim to contribute to the development of novel therapeutic strategies for metabolic diseases and improve overall cardiovascular health.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Alba C Arcones
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, Madrid, Spain
| | - Guadalupe Sabio
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Cardiovasculares, Madrid, Spain
- Centro Nacional de Investigaciones Oncológicas, Madrid, Spain
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Acevedo A, Jones AE, Danna BT, Turner R, Montales KP, Benincá C, Reue K, Shirihai OS, Stiles L, Wallace M, Wang Y, Bertholet AM, Divakaruni AS. The BCKDK inhibitor BT2 is a chemical uncoupler that lowers mitochondrial ROS production and de novo lipogenesis. J Biol Chem 2024; 300:105702. [PMID: 38301896 PMCID: PMC10910128 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbc.2024.105702] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2023] [Revised: 01/12/2024] [Accepted: 01/23/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024] Open
Abstract
Elevated levels of branched chain amino acids (BCAAs) and branched-chain α-ketoacids are associated with cardiovascular and metabolic disease, but the molecular mechanisms underlying a putative causal relationship remain unclear. The branched-chain ketoacid dehydrogenase kinase (BCKDK) inhibitor BT2 (3,6-dichlorobenzo[b]thiophene-2-carboxylic acid) is often used in preclinical models to increase BCAA oxidation and restore steady-state BCAA and branched-chain α-ketoacid levels. BT2 administration is protective in various rodent models of heart failure and metabolic disease, but confoundingly, targeted ablation of Bckdk in specific tissues does not reproduce the beneficial effects conferred by pharmacologic inhibition. Here, we demonstrate that BT2, a lipophilic weak acid, can act as a mitochondrial uncoupler. Measurements of oxygen consumption, mitochondrial membrane potential, and patch-clamp electrophysiology show that BT2 increases proton conductance across the mitochondrial inner membrane independently of its inhibitory effect on BCKDK. BT2 is roughly sixfold less potent than the prototypical uncoupler 2,4-dinitrophenol and phenocopies 2,4-dinitrophenol in lowering de novo lipogenesis and mitochondrial superoxide production. The data suggest that the therapeutic efficacy of BT2 may be attributable to the well-documented effects of mitochondrial uncoupling in alleviating cardiovascular and metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aracely Acevedo
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Anthony E Jones
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Bezawit T Danna
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Rory Turner
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Katrina P Montales
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Cristiane Benincá
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Karen Reue
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Orian S Shirihai
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Linsey Stiles
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Martina Wallace
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Yibin Wang
- DukeNUS School of Medicine, Signature Research Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, Singapore, Singapore
| | - Ambre M Bertholet
- Department of Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA
| | - Ajit S Divakaruni
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, California, USA.
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10
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Li Z, Wang Y, Sun H. The Role of Branched-chain Amino Acids and Their Metabolism in Cardiovascular Diseases. J Cardiovasc Transl Res 2024; 17:85-90. [PMID: 38216830 DOI: 10.1007/s12265-024-10479-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/14/2024]
Abstract
Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), including leucine, isoleucine, and valine, are essential amino acids for protein synthesis. Recent studies have yielded new insights into their diverse physiological and pathological roles in health and disease. Cardiovascular diseases (CVDs) are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality globally. An increasing number of clinical studies have demonstrated that high levels of circulating BCAAs are associated with an increased risk of CVDs. Animal studies have provided preliminary evidence linking BCAA intake and metabolism with cardiovascular diseases. Despite these insights, the causal relationship between BCAA metabolism and CVD remains poorly established, and the underlying mechanisms remain incompletely understood. Here, we aim to provide an update on the current understanding of the roles of BCAAs and their metabolism in the development and progression of various CVDs. We also discuss the potential strategies targeting BCAA nutrition and metabolism for the prevention and treatment of CVDs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhiyu Li
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300134, China
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300134, China
| | - Yibin Wang
- The Signature Research Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Disorders, DukeNUS Medical School, Singapore, 169857, Singapore
| | - Haipeng Sun
- NHC Key Laboratory of Hormones and Development, Chu Hsien-I Memorial Hospital and Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300134, China.
- Tianjin Key Laboratory of Metabolic Diseases, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300134, China.
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11
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Kale D, Fatangare A, Phapale P, Sickmann A. Blood-Derived Lipid and Metabolite Biomarkers in Cardiovascular Research from Clinical Studies: A Recent Update. Cells 2023; 12:2796. [PMID: 38132115 PMCID: PMC10741540 DOI: 10.3390/cells12242796] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Revised: 11/24/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 12/23/2023] Open
Abstract
The primary prevention, early detection, and treatment of cardiovascular disease (CVD) have been long-standing scientific research goals worldwide. In the past decades, traditional blood lipid profiles have been routinely used in clinical practice to estimate the risk of CVDs such as atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and as treatment targets for the primary prevention of adverse cardiac events. These blood lipid panel tests often fail to fully predict all CVD risks and thus need to be improved. A comprehensive analysis of molecular species of lipids and metabolites (defined as lipidomics and metabolomics, respectively) can provide molecular insights into the pathophysiology of the disease and could serve as diagnostic and prognostic indicators of disease. Mass spectrometry (MS) and nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR)-based lipidomics and metabolomics analysis have been increasingly used to study the metabolic changes that occur during CVD pathogenesis. In this review, we provide an overview of various MS-based platforms and approaches that are commonly used in lipidomics and metabolomics workflows. This review summarizes the lipids and metabolites in human plasma/serum that have recently (from 2018 to December 2022) been identified as promising CVD biomarkers. In addition, this review describes the potential pathophysiological mechanisms associated with candidate CVD biomarkers. Future studies focused on these potential biomarkers and pathways will provide mechanistic clues of CVD pathogenesis and thus help with the risk assessment, diagnosis, and treatment of CVD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dipali Kale
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V., 44139 Dortmund, Germany; (A.F.); (P.P.)
| | | | | | - Albert Sickmann
- Leibniz-Institut für Analytische Wissenschaften-ISAS-e.V., 44139 Dortmund, Germany; (A.F.); (P.P.)
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12
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Ritterhoff J, Tian R. Metabolic mechanisms in physiological and pathological cardiac hypertrophy: new paradigms and challenges. Nat Rev Cardiol 2023; 20:812-829. [PMID: 37237146 DOI: 10.1038/s41569-023-00887-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 30.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 05/02/2023] [Indexed: 05/28/2023]
Abstract
Cardiac metabolism is vital for heart function. Given that cardiac contraction requires a continuous supply of ATP in large quantities, the role of fuel metabolism in the heart has been mostly considered from the perspective of energy production. However, the consequence of metabolic remodelling in the failing heart is not limited to a compromised energy supply. The rewired metabolic network generates metabolites that can directly regulate signalling cascades, protein function, gene transcription and epigenetic modifications, thereby affecting the overall stress response of the heart. In addition, metabolic changes in both cardiomyocytes and non-cardiomyocytes contribute to the development of cardiac pathologies. In this Review, we first summarize how energy metabolism is altered in cardiac hypertrophy and heart failure of different aetiologies, followed by a discussion of emerging concepts in cardiac metabolic remodelling, that is, the non-energy-generating function of metabolism. We highlight challenges and open questions in these areas and finish with a brief perspective on how mechanistic research can be translated into therapies for heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Ritterhoff
- Molecular and Translational Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine III, Heidelberg University Hospital, Heidelberg, Germany.
- Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
| | - Rong Tian
- Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, Department of Anaesthesiology and Pain Medicine, University of Washington, Seattle, WA, USA.
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13
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Li Q, Zhang S, Yang G, Wang X, Liu F, Li Y, Chen Y, Zhou T, Xie D, Liu Y, Zhang L. Energy metabolism: A critical target of cardiovascular injury. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115271. [PMID: 37544284 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2023] [Revised: 07/31/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the main killers threatening human health. Many studies have shown that abnormal energy metabolism plays a key role in the occurrence and development of acute and chronic cardiovascular diseases. Regulating cardiac energy metabolism is a frontier topic in the treatment of cardiovascular diseases. However, we are not very clear about the choice of different substrates, the specific mechanism of energy metabolism participating in the course of cardiovascular disease, and how to develop appropriate drugs to regulate energy metabolism to treat cardiovascular disease. Therefore, this paper reviews how energy metabolism participates in cardiovascular pathophysiological processes and potential drugs aimed at interfering energy metabolism.It is expected to provide good suggestions for promoting the clinical prevention and treatment of cardiovascular diseases from the perspective of energy metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qiyang Li
- Provincial-Level Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine of Major Diseases and the Prevention and Treatment with Traditional Chinese Medicine Research in Gansu Colleges and Universities, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Shangzu Zhang
- Provincial-Level Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine of Major Diseases and the Prevention and Treatment with Traditional Chinese Medicine Research in Gansu Colleges and Universities, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Gengqiang Yang
- Provincial-Level Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine of Major Diseases and the Prevention and Treatment with Traditional Chinese Medicine Research in Gansu Colleges and Universities, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Xin Wang
- Provincial-Level Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine of Major Diseases and the Prevention and Treatment with Traditional Chinese Medicine Research in Gansu Colleges and Universities, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Fuxian Liu
- Provincial-Level Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine of Major Diseases and the Prevention and Treatment with Traditional Chinese Medicine Research in Gansu Colleges and Universities, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yangyang Li
- Provincial-Level Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine of Major Diseases and the Prevention and Treatment with Traditional Chinese Medicine Research in Gansu Colleges and Universities, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Yan Chen
- Provincial-Level Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine of Major Diseases and the Prevention and Treatment with Traditional Chinese Medicine Research in Gansu Colleges and Universities, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Ting Zhou
- Provincial-Level Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine of Major Diseases and the Prevention and Treatment with Traditional Chinese Medicine Research in Gansu Colleges and Universities, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China
| | - Dingxiong Xie
- Gansu Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, LanZhou, China.
| | - Yongqi Liu
- Provincial-Level Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine of Major Diseases and the Prevention and Treatment with Traditional Chinese Medicine Research in Gansu Colleges and Universities, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China; Key Laboratory of Dunhuang Medicine and Transformation Ministry of Education, China.
| | - Liying Zhang
- Provincial-Level Key Laboratory for Molecular Medicine of Major Diseases and the Prevention and Treatment with Traditional Chinese Medicine Research in Gansu Colleges and Universities, Gansu University of Chinese Medicine, Lanzhou, China; Gansu Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, LanZhou, China.
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14
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Acevedo A, Jones AE, Danna BT, Turner R, Montales KP, Benincá C, Reue K, Shirihai OS, Stiles L, Wallace M, Wang Y, Bertholet AM, Divakaruni AS. The BCKDK inhibitor BT2 is a chemical uncoupler that lowers mitochondrial ROS production and de novo lipogenesis. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.08.15.553413. [PMID: 37645724 PMCID: PMC10461965 DOI: 10.1101/2023.08.15.553413] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
Elevated levels of branched chain amino acids (BCAAs) and branched-chain α-ketoacids (BCKAs) are associated with cardiovascular and metabolic disease, but the molecular mechanisms underlying a putative causal relationship remain unclear. The branched-chain ketoacid dehydrogenase kinase (BCKDK) inhibitor BT2 is often used in preclinical models to increase BCAA oxidation and restore steady-state BCAA and BCKA levels. BT2 administration is protective in various rodent models of heart failure and metabolic disease, but confoundingly, targeted ablation of Bckdk in specific tissues does not reproduce the beneficial effects conferred by pharmacologic inhibition. Here we demonstrate that BT2, a lipophilic weak acid, can act as a mitochondrial uncoupler. Measurements of oxygen consumption, mitochondrial membrane potential, and patch-clamp electrophysiology show BT2 increases proton conductance across the mitochondrial inner membrane independently of its inhibitory effect on BCKDK. BT2 is roughly five-fold less potent than the prototypical uncoupler 2,4-dinitrophenol (DNP), and phenocopies DNP in lowering de novo lipogenesis and mitochondrial superoxide production. The data suggest the therapeutic efficacy of BT2 may be attributable to the well-documented effects of mitochondrial uncoupling in alleviating cardiovascular and metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aracely Acevedo
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Anthony E Jones
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Bezawit T Danna
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Rory Turner
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Katrina P Montales
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Cristiane Benincá
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Karen Reue
- Department of Human Genetics, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Orian S Shirihai
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Linsey Stiles
- Department of Medicine, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Martina Wallace
- School of Agriculture and Food Science, University College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Yibin Wang
- DukeNUS School of Medicine, Signature Research Program in Cardiovascular and Metabolic Diseases, 8 College Road, Mail Code 169857, Singapore
| | - Ambre M Bertholet
- Department of Physiology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Ajit S Divakaruni
- Department of Molecular and Medical Pharmacology, University of California, Los Angeles, Los Angeles, CA, USA
- Lead contact
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15
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Chen Z, Lu D, Qi B, Wu Y, Xia Y, Chen A, Li S, Tang H, Qian J, Ge J. Quantitative Profiling of Serum Carnitines Facilitates the Etiology Diagnosis and Prognosis Prediction in Heart Failure. Molecules 2023; 28:5345. [PMID: 37513217 PMCID: PMC10384279 DOI: 10.3390/molecules28145345] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2023] [Revised: 06/03/2023] [Accepted: 07/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The perturbation of fatty acid metabolism in heart failure (HF) has been a critical issue. It is unclear whether the amounts of circulating carnitines will benefit primary etiology diagnosis and prognostic prediction in HF. This study was designed to assess the diagnostic and prognostic values of serum carnitine profiles between ischemic and non-ischemic derived heart failure. METHODS HF patients (non-ischemic dilated cardiomyopathy: DCM-HF, n = 98; ischemic heart disease: IHD-HF, n = 63) and control individuals (n = 48) were enrolled consecutively. The serum carnitines were quantitatively measured using the UHPLC-MS/MS method. All patients underwent a median follow-up of 28.3 months. Multivariate Cox regression analysis was performed during the prognosis evaluation. RESULTS Amongst 25 carnitines measured, all of them were increased in HF patients, and 20 acylcarnitines were associated with HF diagnosis independently. Seven acylcarnitines were confirmed to increase the probability of DCM diagnosis independently. The addition of isobutyryl-L-carnitine and stearoyl-L-carnitine to conventional clinical factors significantly improved the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (ROC) from 0.771 to 0.832 (p = 0.023) for DCM-HF diagnosis (calibration test for the composite model: Hosmer-Lemeshow χ2 = 7.376, p = 0.497 > 0.05). Using a multivariate COX survival analysis adjusted with clinical factors simultaneously, oleoyl L-carnitine >300 nmol/L (HR = 2.364, 95% CI = 1.122-4.976, p = 0.024) and isovaleryl-L-carnitine <100 nmol/L (HR = 2.108, 95% CI = 1.091-4.074, p = 0.026) increased the prediction of all-cause mortality independently, while linoleoyl-L-carnitine >420 nmol/L, succinyl carnitine >60 nmol/L and isovaleryl-L-carnitine <100 nmol/L increased the risk of HF rehospitalization independently. CONCLUSIONS Serum carnitines could not only serve as diagnostic and predictive biomarkers in HF but also benefit the identification of HF primary etiology and prognosis.
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Grants
- 2019YFC0840601, 2017YFC0906800 and 2014CBA02003 National Program on Key Basic Research Project of China
- 19MC1910300, 17411962300, and 2017SHZDZX01 Shanghai Science and Technology Committee
- 2017YQ057 Shanghai Municipal Commission of Health and Family Planning
- 81870267, 81970295, 81521001, 81670318, 81570314, 81590953, 31821002, and 21405020 National Natural Science Foundation of China
- SHDC12019104 Shanghai Shenkang Development Project
- 2018ZSLC01, 2015ZSYXGG07 and 2017ZSYQ08 Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University
- 2017-CCA-VG-036 Chinese Cardiovascular Association-V.G fund
- Xinxin-merck- fund-051 Merck Funding
- 2015- Weijiwei-24 Program for Outstanding Medical Academic Leader
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhangwei Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Danbo Lu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Baoling Qi
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Zhongshan Hospital and School of Life Sciences, 2005 Songhu Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai 200438, China
- Human Phenome Institute, Metabonomics and Systems Biology Laboratory at Shanghai International Centre for Molecular Phenomics, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai 200438, China
- Shanghai Metabolome Institute-Wuhan (SMI), No.128 Guanggu 7 Road, East Lake High-Tech Development Zone, Wuhan 430074, China
| | - Yuan Wu
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Yan Xia
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Ao Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Su Li
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Huiru Tang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering, Zhongshan Hospital and School of Life Sciences, 2005 Songhu Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai 200438, China
- Human Phenome Institute, Metabonomics and Systems Biology Laboratory at Shanghai International Centre for Molecular Phenomics, Fudan University, 2005 Songhu Road, Yangpu District, Shanghai 200438, China
| | - Juying Qian
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China
| | - Junbo Ge
- Department of Cardiology, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China
- Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China
- National Clinical Research Center for Interventional Medicine, 180 Fenglin Road, Xuhui District, Shanghai 200032, China
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16
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Karwi QG, Lopaschuk GD. Branched-Chain Amino Acid Metabolism in the Failing Heart. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2023; 37:413-420. [PMID: 35150384 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-022-07320-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 20.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 01/27/2022] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) are essential amino acids which have critical roles in protein synthesis and energy metabolism in the body. In the heart, there is a strong correlation between impaired BCAA oxidation and contractile dysfunction in heart failure. Plasma and myocardial levels of BCAA and their metabolites, namely branched-chain keto acids (BCKAs), are also linked to cardiac insulin resistance and worsening adverse remodelling in the failing heart. This review discusses the regulation of BCAA metabolism in the heart and the impact of depressed cardiac BCAA oxidation on cardiac energy metabolism, function, and structure in heart failure. While impaired BCAA oxidation in the failing heart causes the accumulation of BCAA and BCKA in the myocardium, recent evidence suggested that the BCAAs and BCKAs have divergent effects on the insulin signalling pathway and the mammalian target of the rapamycin (mTOR) signalling pathway. Dietary and pharmacological interventions that enhance cardiac BCAA oxidation and limit the accumulation of cardiac BCAAs and BCKAs have been shown to have cardioprotective effects in the setting of ischemic heart disease and heart failure. Thus, targeting cardiac BCAA oxidation may be a promising therapeutic approach for heart failure.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qutuba G Karwi
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2S2, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, University of Diyala, Diyala, Iraq
| | - Gary D Lopaschuk
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, T6G 2S2, Canada.
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17
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Xu H, Wang X, Geng G, Xu X, Liu L, Zhang Y, Wang Z, Wang L, Li Y. Association of Circulating Branched-Chain Amino Acids with Cardiovascular Diseases: A Mendelian Randomization Study. Nutrients 2023; 15:nu15071580. [PMID: 37049421 PMCID: PMC10096654 DOI: 10.3390/nu15071580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2023] [Revised: 03/21/2023] [Accepted: 03/22/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND There have been reports linking branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) to the hazard of various cardiovascular diseases (CVDs); however, the causal role of this relationship is still unclear. We conducted a study using bi-directional two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR) with the aim of investigating the possible causal correlation between BCAAs and 13 types of cardiovascular diseases. METHODS The study analyzed data of the largest genome-wide association studies (GWAS) published for the total BCAAs, encompassing isoleucine, leucine, and valine, which were obtained from the UK Biobank, as well as data for 13 cardiovascular endpoints from the MRC-IEU, the FinnGen consortium, and the EBI database. The approach of the primary dissection used became the inverse-variance-weighted (IVW) approach, with additional analyses using the MR-PRESSO global test as well as MR-Egger regression with a view to determining horizontal pleiotropy. Heterogeneity was evaluated by means of Cochran's Q test. The study also conducted logistic regression dissection for the sake of investigating the correlation between cardiovascular events and serum BCAAs in the UK biobank cohort study. RESULTS In this study, it was found that individuals with a genetic predisposition to more elevated levels for circulating total BCAAs had a higher hazard of peripheral arterial disease (OR 1.400, 95% CI 1.063, 1.844; p = 0.017) in addition to stroke (OR 1.266, 95% CI 1.012, 1.585; p = 0.039); circulating valine casually increased the risk of intracerebral hemorrhage (OR 1.760, 95% CI 1.116, 2.776; p = 0.015), along with stroke (OR 1.269, 95% CI 1.079, 1.492; p = 0.004); genetically predicted isoleucine showed a positive association with peripheral arterial disease (OR 1.466, 95% CI 1.044, 2.058; p = 0.027), along with cardioembolic stroke (OR 1.547, 95% CI 1.126, 2.124; p = 0.007); furthermore, leucine causally associated with stroke (OR 1.310, 95% CI 1.031, 1.663, p = 0.027). In the UK Biobank cohort study, we detected that total BCAAs (OR: 1.285; 95% CI: 1.009, 1.636), valine (OR: 1.287; 95% CI: 1.009, 1.642), and isoleucine (OR: 1.352; 95% CI: 1.064, 1.718) were independently linked to stroke, but not leucine (OR: 1.146; 95% CI: 0.901, 1.458). No such association was found for BCAAs with peripheral arterial disease and intracerebral hemorrhage in the cohort study. CONCLUSIONS In summary, circulating total BCAAs and valine may be causally associated with stroke. The association of BCAAs with other CVD events needs further study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huan Xu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xuanyang Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Guannan Geng
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150001, China
| | - Xiaoqing Xu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Lin Liu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Yuntao Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Ziqi Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Lulu Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Harbin Medical University, Harbin 150081, China
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18
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Mendelian Randomization Analysis Provides Insights into the Pathogenesis of Serum Levels of Branched-Chain Amino Acids in Cardiovascular Disease. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13030403. [PMID: 36984843 PMCID: PMC10059809 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13030403] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 03/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/06/2023] [Indexed: 03/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Several observational studies have indicated an association between high serum levels of branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) and an increased risk of cardiovascular disease (CVD). To assess whether theses associations reflect causality, we carried out two-sample Mendelian randomization (MR). Single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) associated with BCAA were evaluated in 10 studies, including 24,925 participants. The association between SNPs and coronary artery disease (CAD) were assessed using summary estimates from the CARDIoGRAMplusC4D consortium. Further MR analysis of BCAAs and seven CVD outcomes was performed. The BCAA-raising gene functions were also analyzed. MR analyses revealed a risk-increasing causal relationship between serum BCAA concentrations and CAD (odds ratio 1.08; 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.02–1.14), which was partly mediated by blood pressure and type 2 diabetes. BCAA also demonstrated a causal relationship with ischemic CVD events induced by plaque rupture and thrombosis (false discovery rate <0.05). Two BCAA-raising genes (MRL33 and CBLN1) were preferentially associated with myocardial infarction risk in the presence of atherosclerosis (p < 0.003). Functional analysis of the BCAA-raising genes suggested the causal involvement of two pathophysiological pathways, including glucose metabolism (PPM1K and TRMT61A) related to plaque progression, and the newly discovered neuroendocrine disorders regulating blood pressure (MRPL33, CBLN1, and C2orf16) related to plaque rupture and thrombosis. This comprehensive MR analysis provided insights into the potential causal mechanisms linking BCAA with CVD risk and suggested targeting neuroendocrine disorders as a potential strategy for the prevention of CVD. These results warrant further studies to elucidate the mechanisms underlying these reported causal associations.
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19
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Sethi Y, Patel N, Kaka N, Kaiwan O, Kar J, Moinuddin A, Goel A, Chopra H, Cavalu S. Precision Medicine and the future of Cardiovascular Diseases: A Clinically Oriented Comprehensive Review. J Clin Med 2023; 12:1799. [PMID: 36902588 PMCID: PMC10003116 DOI: 10.3390/jcm12051799] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/01/2023] [Revised: 02/17/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 02/26/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiac diseases form the lion's share of the global disease burden, owing to the paradigm shift to non-infectious diseases from infectious ones. The prevalence of CVDs has nearly doubled, increasing from 271 million in 1990 to 523 million in 2019. Additionally, the global trend for the years lived with disability has doubled, increasing from 17.7 million to 34.4 million over the same period. The advent of precision medicine in cardiology has ignited new possibilities for individually personalized, integrative, and patient-centric approaches to disease prevention and treatment, incorporating the standard clinical data with advanced "omics". These data help with the phenotypically adjudicated individualization of treatment. The major objective of this review was to compile the evolving clinically relevant tools of precision medicine that can help with the evidence-based precise individualized management of cardiac diseases with the highest DALY. The field of cardiology is evolving to provide targeted therapy, which is crafted as per the "omics", involving genomics, transcriptomics, epigenomics, proteomics, metabolomics, and microbiomics, for deep phenotyping. Research for individualizing therapy in heart diseases with the highest DALY has helped identify novel genes, biomarkers, proteins, and technologies to aid early diagnosis and treatment. Precision medicine has helped in targeted management, allowing early diagnosis, timely precise intervention, and exposure to minimal side effects. Despite these great impacts, overcoming the barriers to implementing precision medicine requires addressing the economic, cultural, technical, and socio-political issues. Precision medicine is proposed to be the future of cardiovascular medicine and holds the potential for a more efficient and personalized approach to the management of cardiovascular diseases, contrary to the standardized blanket approach.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yashendra Sethi
- PearResearch, Dehradun 248001, India
- Department of Medicine, Government Doon Medical College, HNB Uttarakhand Medical Education University, Dehradun 248001, India
| | - Neil Patel
- PearResearch, Dehradun 248001, India
- Department of Medicine, GMERS Medical College, Himmatnagar 383001, India
| | - Nirja Kaka
- PearResearch, Dehradun 248001, India
- Department of Medicine, GMERS Medical College, Himmatnagar 383001, India
| | - Oroshay Kaiwan
- PearResearch, Dehradun 248001, India
- Department of Medicine, Northeast Ohio Medical University, Rootstown, OH 44272, USA
| | - Jill Kar
- PearResearch, Dehradun 248001, India
- Department of Medicine, Lady Hardinge Medical College, New Delhi 110001, India
| | - Arsalan Moinuddin
- Vascular Health Researcher, School of Sports and Exercise, University of Gloucestershire, Cheltenham GL50 4AZ, UK
| | - Ashish Goel
- Department of Medicine, Government Doon Medical College, HNB Uttarakhand Medical Education University, Dehradun 248001, India
| | - Hitesh Chopra
- Chitkara College of Pharmacy, Chitkara University, Punjab 140401, India
| | - Simona Cavalu
- Faculty of Medicine and Pharmacy, University of Oradea, P-ta 1 Decembrie 10, 410087 Oradea, Romania
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20
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Abstract
Research conducted in the past 15 years has yielded crucial insights that are reshaping our understanding of the systems physiology of branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) metabolism and the molecular mechanisms underlying the close relationship between BCAA homeostasis and cardiovascular health. The rapidly evolving literature paints a complex picture, in which numerous tissue-specific and disease-specific modes of BCAA regulation initiate a diverse set of molecular mechanisms that connect changes in BCAA homeostasis to the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases, including myocardial infarction, ischaemia-reperfusion injury, atherosclerosis, hypertension and heart failure. In this Review, we outline the current understanding of the major factors regulating BCAA abundance and metabolic fate, highlight molecular mechanisms connecting impaired BCAA homeostasis to cardiovascular disease, discuss the epidemiological evidence connecting BCAAs with various cardiovascular disease states and identify current knowledge gaps requiring further investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Robert W McGarrah
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
- Sarah W. Stedman Nutrition and Metabolism Center, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Cardiology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
| | - Phillip J White
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Metabolism and Nutrition, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
- Department of Pharmacology and Cancer Biology, Duke University, Durham, NC, USA.
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21
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Amin AM, Mostafa H, Khojah HMJ. Insulin resistance in Alzheimer's disease: The genetics and metabolomics links. Clin Chim Acta 2023; 539:215-236. [PMID: 36566957 DOI: 10.1016/j.cca.2022.12.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2022] [Revised: 12/16/2022] [Accepted: 12/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease with significant socioeconomic burden worldwide. Although genetics and environmental factors play a role, AD is highly associated with insulin resistance (IR) disorders such as metabolic syndrome (MS), obesity, and type two diabetes mellitus (T2DM). These findings highlight a shared pathogenesis. The use of metabolomics as a downstream systems' biology (omics) approach can help to identify these shared metabolic traits and assist in the early identification of at-risk groups and potentially guide therapy. Targeting the shared AD-IR metabolic trait with lifestyle interventions and pharmacological treatments may offer promising AD therapeutic approach. In this narrative review, we reviewed the literature on the AD-IR pathogenic link, the shared genetics and metabolomics biomarkers between AD and IR disorders, as well as the lifestyle interventions and pharmacological treatments which target this pathogenic link.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arwa M Amin
- Department of Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia.
| | - Hamza Mostafa
- Biomarkers and Nutrimetabolomics Laboratory, Department of Nutrition, Food Sciences and Gastronomy, Food Innovation Network (XIA), Nutrition and Food Safety Research Institute (INSA), Facultat de Farmàcia i Ciències de l'Alimentació, Universitat de Barcelona (UB), 08028 Barcelona, Spain; Centro de Investigación Biomédica en Red de Fragilidad y Envejecimiento Saludable (CIBERFES), Instituto de Salud Carlos III, Madrid 28029, Spain
| | - Hani M J Khojah
- Department of Clinical and Hospital Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taibah University, Madinah, Saudi Arabia
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22
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Finney AC, Das S, Kumar D, McKinney MP, Cai B, Yurdagul A, Rom O. The interplay between nonalcoholic fatty liver disease and atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1116861. [PMID: 37200978 PMCID: PMC10185914 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1116861] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/05/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Therapeutic approaches that lower circulating low-density lipoprotein (LDL)-cholesterol significantly reduced the burden of cardiovascular disease over the last decades. However, the persistent rise in the obesity epidemic is beginning to reverse this decline. Alongside obesity, the incidence of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has substantially increased in the last three decades. Currently, approximately one third of world population is affected by NAFLD. Notably, the presence of NAFLD and particularly its more severe form, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), serves as an independent risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD), thus, raising interest in the relationship between these two diseases. Importantly, ASCVD is the major cause of death in patients with NASH independent of traditional risk factors. Nevertheless, the pathophysiology linking NAFLD/NASH with ASCVD remains poorly understood. While dyslipidemia is a common risk factor underlying both diseases, therapies that lower circulating LDL-cholesterol are largely ineffective against NASH. While there are no approved pharmacological therapies for NASH, some of the most advanced drug candidates exacerbate atherogenic dyslipidemia, raising concerns regarding their adverse cardiovascular consequences. In this review, we address current gaps in our understanding of the mechanisms linking NAFLD/NASH and ASCVD, explore strategies to simultaneously model these diseases, evaluate emerging biomarkers that may be useful to diagnose the presence of both diseases, and discuss investigational approaches and ongoing clinical trials that potentially target both diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexandra C. Finney
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Sandeep Das
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Dhananjay Kumar
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - M. Peyton McKinney
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
| | - Bishuang Cai
- Division of Liver Diseases, Department of Medicine, Icahn School of Medicine at Mount Sinai, NY, United States
| | - Arif Yurdagul
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
- Correspondence: Arif Yurdagul Oren Rom
| | - Oren Rom
- Department of Pathology and Translational Pathobiology, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Physiology, Louisiana State University Health Shreveport, Shreveport, LA, United States
- Correspondence: Arif Yurdagul Oren Rom
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23
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Dehghanbanadaki H, Dodangeh S, Parhizkar Roudsari P, Hosseinkhani S, Khashayar P, Noorchenarboo M, Rezaei N, Dilmaghani-Marand A, Yoosefi M, Arjmand B, Khalagi K, Najjar N, Kakaei A, Bandarian F, Aghaei Meybodi H, Larijani B, Razi F. Metabolomics profile and 10-year atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) risk score. Front Cardiovasc Med 2023; 10:1161761. [PMID: 37206107 PMCID: PMC10188945 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2023.1161761] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2023] [Accepted: 04/17/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The intermediate metabolites associated with the development of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) remain largely unknown. Thus, we conducted a large panel of metabolomics profiling to identify the new candidate metabolites that were associated with 10-year ASCVD risk. Methods Thirty acylcarnitines and twenty amino acids were measured in the fasting plasma of 1,102 randomly selected individuals using a targeted FIA-MS/MS approach. The 10-year ASCVD risk score was calculated based on 2013 ACC/AHA guidelines. Accordingly, the subjects were stratified into four groups: low-risk (n = 620), borderline-risk (n = 110), intermediate-risk (n = 225), and high-risk (n = 147). 10 factors comprising collinear metabolites were extracted from principal component analysis. Results C4DC, C8:1, C16OH, citrulline, histidine, alanine, threonine, glycine, glutamine, tryptophan, phenylalanine, glutamic acid, arginine, and aspartic acid were significantly associated with the 10-year ASCVD risk score (p-values ≤ 0.044). The high-risk group had higher odds of factor 1 (12 long-chain acylcarnitines, OR = 1.103), factor 2 (5 medium-chain acylcarnitines, OR = 1.063), factor 3 (methionine, leucine, valine, tryptophan, tyrosine, phenylalanine, OR = 1.074), factor 5 (6 short-chain acylcarnitines, OR = 1.205), factor 6 (5 short-chain acylcarnitines, OR = 1.229), factor 7 (alanine, proline, OR = 1.343), factor 8 (C18:2OH, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, OR = 1.188), and factor 10 (ornithine, citrulline, OR = 1.570) compared to the low-risk ones; the odds of factor 9 (glycine, serine, threonine, OR = 0.741), however, were lower in the high-risk group. "D-glutamine and D-glutamate metabolism", "phenylalanine, tyrosine, and tryptophan biosynthesis", and "valine, leucine, and isoleucine biosynthesis" were metabolic pathways having the highest association with borderline/intermediate/high ASCVD events, respectively. Conclusions Abundant metabolites were found to be associated with ASCVD events in this study. Utilization of this metabolic panel could be a promising strategy for early detection and prevention of ASCVD events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hojat Dehghanbanadaki
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Salimeh Dodangeh
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Peyvand Parhizkar Roudsari
- Diabetes Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shaghayegh Hosseinkhani
- Metabolic Disorders Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular—Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Pouria Khashayar
- Institute of Cardiovascular and Medical Sciences, University of Glasgow, Glasgow, United Kingdom
| | - Mohammad Noorchenarboo
- Department of Epidemiology and Biostatistics, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Negar Rezaei
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Arezou Dilmaghani-Marand
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Moein Yoosefi
- Non-Communicable Diseases Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Population Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Babak Arjmand
- Cell Therapy and Regenerative Medicine Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran, Iran
| | - Kazem Khalagi
- Obesity and Eating Habits Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Osteoporosis Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Niloufar Najjar
- Metabolomics and Genomics Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ardeshir Kakaei
- Osteoporosis Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Bandarian
- Metabolomics and Genomics Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Aghaei Meybodi
- Personalized Medicine Research 10-Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bagher Larijani
- Endocrinology and Metabolism Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Clinical Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Correspondence: Farideh Razi Bagher Larijani
| | - Farideh Razi
- Metabolomics and Genomics Research Center, Endocrinology and Metabolism Molecular-Cellular Sciences Institute, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
- Correspondence: Farideh Razi Bagher Larijani
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24
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Hetman M, Barg E. Pediatric Population with Down Syndrome: Obesity and the Risk of Cardiovascular Disease and Their Assessment Using Omics Techniques-Review. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10123219. [PMID: 36551975 PMCID: PMC9775395 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10123219] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 12/04/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
People with Down syndrome (PWDS) are more at risk for developing obesity, oxidative stress disorders, metabolic disorders, and lipid and carbohydrate profile disorders than the general population. The presence of an additional copy of genes on chromosome 21 (i.e., the superoxide dismutase 1 gene (SOD1) and gene coding for the cystathionine β-synthase (CBS) enzyme) raises the risk for cardiovascular disease (CVD). As a result of disorders in metabolic processes and biochemical pathways, theoretically protective factors (low homocysteine level, high SOD1 level) do not fulfil their original functions. Overexpression of the CBS gene leads to the accumulation of homocysteine-a CVD risk factor. An excessive amount of protective SOD1, in the case of a lack of compensatory increase in the activity of catalase and peroxidase, leads to intensifying free radical processes. The occurrence of metabolic disorders and the amplified effect of oxidative stress carries higher risk of exposure of people with DS to CVD. At present, classic predispositions are known, but it is necessary to identify early risk factors in order to be able to employ CVD and obesity prophylaxis. Detailed determination of the metabolic and lipid profile may provide insight into the molecular mechanisms underlying CVD.
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25
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He L, Palos-Jasso A, Yi Y, Qin M, Qiu L, Yang X, Zhang Y, Yu J. Bioinformatic Analysis Revealed the Essential Regulatory Genes and Pathways of Early and Advanced Atherosclerotic Plaque in Humans. Cells 2022; 11:cells11243976. [PMID: 36552740 PMCID: PMC9776921 DOI: 10.3390/cells11243976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2022] [Revised: 12/01/2022] [Accepted: 12/05/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Atherosclerosis (AS) is a lipid-induced, chronic inflammatory, autoimmune disease affecting multiple arteries. Although much effort has been put into AS research in the past decades, it is still the leading cause of death worldwide. The complex genetic network regulation underlying the pathogenesis of AS still needs further investigation to provide effective targeted therapy for AS. We performed a bioinformatic microarray data analysis at different atherosclerotic plaque stages from the Gene Expression Omnibus database with accession numbers GSE43292 and GSE28829. Using gene set enrichment analysis, we further confirmed the immune-related pathways that play an important role in the development of AS. We are reporting, for the first time, that the metabolism of the three branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs; leucine, isoleucine, and valine) and short-chain fatty acids (SCFA; propanoate, and butanoate) are involved in the progression of AS using microarray data of atherosclerotic plaque tissue. Immune and muscle system-related pathways were further confirmed as highly regulated pathways during the development of AS using gene expression pattern analysis. Furthermore, we also identified four modules mainly involved in histone modification, immune-related processes, macroautophagy, and B cell activation with modular differential connectivity in the dataset of GSE43292, and three modules related to immune-related processes, B cell activation, and nuclear division in the dataset of GSE28829 also display modular differential connectivity based on the weighted gene co-expression network analysis. Finally, we identified eight key genes related to the pathways of immune and muscle system function as potential therapeutic biomarkers to distinguish patients with early or advanced stages in AS, and two of the eight genes were validated using the gene expression dataset from gene-deficient mice. The results of the current study will improve our understanding of the molecular mechanisms in the progression of AS. The key genes and pathways identified could be potential biomarkers or new drug targets for AS management.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luling He
- Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Translational Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Nanchang, Centre for Translational Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Vascular Remodeling Diseases, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Andrea Palos-Jasso
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and Centre for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Yao Yi
- Institute of Gynecology and Obstetrics of traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Manman Qin
- Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Translational Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Nanchang, Centre for Translational Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Vascular Remodeling Diseases, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Liang Qiu
- Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Translational Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Nanchang, Centre for Translational Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Vascular Remodeling Diseases, Nanchang 330006, China
| | - Xiaofeng Yang
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and Centre for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Yifeng Zhang
- Key Laboratory for Pharmacology and Translational Research of Traditional Chinese Medicine of Nanchang, Centre for Translational Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330006, China
- Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Traditional Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Vascular Remodeling Diseases, Nanchang 330006, China
- Correspondence:
| | - Jun Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Sciences and Centre for Metabolic Disease Research, Lewis Katz School of Medicine, Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
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26
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Murashige D, Jung JW, Neinast MD, Levin MG, Chu Q, Lambert JP, Garbincius JF, Kim B, Hoshino A, Marti-Pamies I, McDaid KS, Shewale SV, Flam E, Yang S, Roberts E, Li L, Morley MP, Bedi KC, Hyman MC, Frankel DS, Margulies KB, Assoian RK, Elrod JW, Jang C, Rabinowitz JD, Arany Z. Extra-cardiac BCAA catabolism lowers blood pressure and protects from heart failure. Cell Metab 2022; 34:1749-1764.e7. [PMID: 36223763 PMCID: PMC9633425 DOI: 10.1016/j.cmet.2022.09.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2021] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 09/12/2022] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
Pharmacologic activation of branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) catabolism is protective in models of heart failure (HF). How protection occurs remains unclear, although a causative block in cardiac BCAA oxidation is widely assumed. Here, we use in vivo isotope infusions to show that cardiac BCAA oxidation in fact increases, rather than decreases, in HF. Moreover, cardiac-specific activation of BCAA oxidation does not protect from HF even though systemic activation does. Lowering plasma and cardiac BCAAs also fails to confer significant protection, suggesting alternative mechanisms of protection. Surprisingly, activation of BCAA catabolism lowers blood pressure (BP), a known cardioprotective mechanism. BP lowering occurred independently of nitric oxide and reflected vascular resistance to adrenergic constriction. Mendelian randomization studies revealed that elevated plasma BCAAs portend higher BP in humans. Together, these data indicate that BCAA oxidation lowers vascular resistance, perhaps in part explaining cardioprotection in HF that is not mediated directly in cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Murashige
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jae Woo Jung
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michael D Neinast
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Princeton Branch, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Michael G Levin
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Qingwei Chu
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Jonathan P Lambert
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Joanne F Garbincius
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Boa Kim
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Atsushi Hoshino
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Department of Cardiovascular Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Ingrid Marti-Pamies
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kendra S McDaid
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Swapnil V Shewale
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Emily Flam
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Steven Yang
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA; Washington University School of Medicine, Washington University in St. Louis, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Emilia Roberts
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Li Li
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michael P Morley
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kenneth C Bedi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Matthew C Hyman
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - David S Frankel
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Kenneth B Margulies
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Richard K Assoian
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - John W Elrod
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Cholsoon Jang
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Princeton Branch, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA; Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Joshua D Rabinowitz
- Ludwig Institute for Cancer Research, Princeton Branch, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA
| | - Zoltan Arany
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
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27
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Karády J, Ferencik M, Mayrhofer T, Meyersohn NM, Bittner DO, Staziaki PV, Szilveszter B, Hallett TR, Lu MT, Puchner SB, Simon TG, Foldyna B, Ginsburg GS, McGarrah RW, Voora D, Shah SH, Douglas PS, Hoffmann U, Corey KE. Risk factors for cardiovascular disease among individuals with hepatic steatosis. Hepatol Commun 2022; 6:3406-3420. [PMID: 36281983 PMCID: PMC9701472 DOI: 10.1002/hep4.2090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is the leading cause of mortality in adults with hepatic steatosis (HS). However, risk factors for CVD in HS are unknown. We aimed to identify factors associated with coronary artery disease (CAD) and incident major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE) in individuals with HS. We performed a nested cohort study of adults with HS detected on coronary computed tomography in the PROspective Multicenter Imaging Study for Evaluation of chest pain (PROMISE) trial. Obstructive CAD was defined as ≥50% coronary stenosis. MACE included hospitalization for unstable angina, nonfatal myocardial infarction, or all-cause death. Multivariate modeling, adjusted for age, sex, atherosclerotic CVD (ASCVD) risk score and body mass index, identified factors associated with obstructive CAD. Cox regression, adjusted for ASCVD risk score, determined the predictors of MACE. A total of 959 of 3,756 (mean age 59.4 years, 55.0% men) had HS. Obstructive CAD was present in 15.2% (145 of 959). Male sex (adjusted odds ratio [aOR] = 1.83, 95% confidence interval [CI] 1.18-1.2.84; p = 0.007), ASCVD risk score (aOR = 1.05, 95% CI 1.03-1.07; p < 0.001), and n-terminal pro-b-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP; aOR = 1.90, 95% CI 1.38-2.62; p < 0.001) were independently associated with obstructive CAD. In the 25-months median follow-up, MACE occurred in 4.4% (42 of 959). Sedentary lifestyle (adjusted hazard ratio [aHR] = 2.53, 95% CI 1.27-5.03; p = 0.008) and NT-proBNP (aOR = 1.50, 95% CI 1.01-2.25; p = 0.046) independently predicted MACE. Furthermore, the risk of MACE increased by 3% for every 1% increase in ASCVD risk score (aHR = 1.03, 95% CI 1.01-1.05; p = 0.02). Conclusion: In individuals with HS, male sex, NT-pro-BNP, and ASCVD risk score are associated with obstructive CAD. Furthermore, ASCVD, NT-proBNP, and sedentary lifestyle are independent predictors of MACE. These factors, with further validation, may help risk-stratify adults with HS for incident CAD and MACE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julia Karády
- Cardiovascular Imaging Research CenterHarvard Medical School, Massachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA,MTA‐SE Cardiovascular Imaging Research GroupHeart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Maros Ferencik
- Cardiovascular Imaging Research CenterHarvard Medical School, Massachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA,Knight Cardiovascular InstituteOregon Health and Science UniversityPortlandOregonUSA
| | - Thomas Mayrhofer
- Cardiovascular Imaging Research CenterHarvard Medical School, Massachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA,School of Business StudiesStralsund University of Applied SciencesStralsundGermany
| | - Nandini M. Meyersohn
- Cardiovascular Imaging Research CenterHarvard Medical School, Massachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Daniel O. Bittner
- Cardiovascular Imaging Research CenterHarvard Medical School, Massachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA,Department of CardiologyFriedrich‐Alexander University Erlangen‐Nürnberg (FAU)ErlangenGermany
| | - Pedro V. Staziaki
- Cardiovascular Imaging Research CenterHarvard Medical School, Massachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Balint Szilveszter
- Cardiovascular Imaging Research CenterHarvard Medical School, Massachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA,MTA‐SE Cardiovascular Imaging Research GroupHeart and Vascular Center, Semmelweis UniversityBudapestHungary
| | - Travis R. Hallett
- Cardiovascular Imaging Research CenterHarvard Medical School, Massachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Michael T. Lu
- Cardiovascular Imaging Research CenterHarvard Medical School, Massachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Stefan B. Puchner
- Cardiovascular Imaging Research CenterHarvard Medical School, Massachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA,Department of Biomedical Imaging and Image‐Guided TherapyMedical University of ViennaViennaAustria
| | - Tracey G. Simon
- Division of GastroenterologyMassachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Borek Foldyna
- Cardiovascular Imaging Research CenterHarvard Medical School, Massachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | | | - Robert W. McGarrah
- Duke Molecular Physiology InstituteDuke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Deepak Voora
- Duke Center for Applied Genomics & Precision MedicineDuke University School of MedicineDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Svati H. Shah
- Duke Molecular Physiology InstituteDuke UniversityDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA,Duke Clinical Research InstituteDuke University School of MedicineDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Pamela S. Douglas
- Duke Clinical Research InstituteDuke University School of MedicineDurhamNorth CarolinaUSA
| | - Udo Hoffmann
- Cardiovascular Imaging Research CenterHarvard Medical School, Massachusetts General HospitalBostonMassachusettsUSA
| | - Kathleen E. Corey
- Division of GastroenterologyMassachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical SchoolBostonMassachusettsUSA
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Saud Gany SL, Tan JK, Chin KY, Hakimi NH, Ab Rani N, Ihsan N, Makpol S. Untargeted muscle tissue metabolites profiling in young, adult, and old rats supplemented with tocotrienol-rich fraction. Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:1008908. [PMID: 36310588 PMCID: PMC9616602 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.1008908] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/01/2022] [Accepted: 09/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
The greatest significant influence on human life span and health is inevitable ageing. One of the distinguishing characteristics of ageing is the gradual decrease of muscle mass and physical function. There has been growing evidence that tocotrienol can guard against age-associated chronic diseases and metabolic disorders. This study aimed to elucidate the effects of tocotrienol-rich fraction (TRF) on muscle metabolomes and metabolic pathways in ageing Sprague Dawley (SD) rats. Three months, 9 months, and 21 months old male SD rats were divided into control and treated groups with 10 rats per group. Rats in control and treated groups were given 60 mg/kg body weight/day of palm olein and 60 mg/kg body weight/day of TRF, respectively, via oral gavage for 3 months. Muscle performance was assessed at 0 and 3 months of treatment by measuring muscle strength and function. Our results showed that TRF treatment caused a significant increase in the swimming time of the young rats. Comparison in the control groups showed that metabolites involved in lipid metabolisms such as L-palmitoyl carnitine and decanoyl carnitine were increased in ageing. In contrast, several metabolites, such as 3-phosphoglyceric acid, aspartic acid and aspartyl phenylalanine were decreased. These findings indicated that muscle metabolomes involved in lipid metabolism were upregulated in aged rats. In contrast, the metabolites involved in energy and amino acid metabolism were significantly downregulated. Comparison in the TRF-supplemented groups showed an upregulation of metabolites involved in energy and amino acid metabolism. Metabolites such as N6-methyl adenosine, spermine, phenylalanine, tryptophan, aspartic acid, histidine, and N-acetyl neuraminic acid were up-regulated, indicating promotion of amino acid synthesis and muscle regeneration. Energy metabolism was also improved in adult and old rats with TRF supplementation as indicated by the upregulation of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide and glycerol 3-phosphate compared to the control group. In conclusion, the mechanism underlying the changes in skeletal muscle mass and functions in ageing was related to carbohydrate, lipid and amino acid metabolism. Tocotrienol supplementation showed beneficial effects in alleviating energy and amino acid synthesis that may promote the regeneration and renewal of skeletal muscle in ageing rats.
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Affiliation(s)
- Siti Liyana Saud Gany
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Jen Kit Tan
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Kok Yong Chin
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nur Haleeda Hakimi
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | - Nazirah Ab Rani
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
| | | | - Suzana Makpol
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia Medical Centre, Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia,*Correspondence: Suzana Makpol,
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Qiao S, Liu C, Sun L, Wang T, Dai H, Wang K, Bao L, Li H, Wang W, Liu SJ, Liu H. Gut Parabacteroides merdae protects against cardiovascular damage by enhancing branched-chain amino acid catabolism. Nat Metab 2022; 4:1271-1286. [PMID: 36253620 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-022-00649-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Obesity, dyslipidemia and gut dysbiosis are all linked to cardiovascular diseases. A Ganoderma meroterpene derivative (GMD) has been shown to alleviate obesity and hyperlipidemia through modulating the gut microbiota in obese mice. Here we show that GMD protects against obesity-associated atherosclerosis by increasing the abundance of Parabacteroides merdae in the gut and enhancing branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) catabolism. Administration of live P. merdae to high-fat-diet-fed ApoE-null male mice reduces atherosclerotic lesions and enhances intestinal BCAA degradation. The degradation of BCAAs is mediated by the porA gene expressed in P. merdae. Deletion of porA from P. merdae blunts its capacity to degrade BCAAs and leads to inefficacy in fighting against atherosclerosis. We further show that P. merdae inhibits the mTORC1 pathway in atherosclerotic plaques. In support of our preclinical findings, an in silico analysis of human gut metagenomic studies indicates that P. merdae and porA genes are depleted in the gut microbiomes of individuals with atherosclerosis. Our results provide mechanistic insights into the therapeutic potential of GMD through P. merdae in treating obesity-associated cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shanshan Qiao
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Chang Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Li Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Tao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Huanqin Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Kai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Li Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Hantian Li
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Wenzhao Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China
| | - Shuang-Jiang Liu
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China.
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Resources, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China.
| | - Hongwei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Mycology, Institute of Microbiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China.
- Savaid Medical School, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, PR China.
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30
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Jiang M, Ding H, Huang Y, Wang L. Shear Stress and Metabolic Disorders-Two Sides of the Same Plaque. Antioxid Redox Signal 2022; 37:820-841. [PMID: 34148374 DOI: 10.1089/ars.2021.0126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Significance: Shear stress and metabolic disorder are the two sides of the same atherosclerotic coin. Atherosclerotic lesions are prone to develop at branches and curvatures of arteries, which are exposed to oscillatory and low shear stress exerted by blood flow. Meanwhile, metabolic disorders are pivotal contributors to the formation and advancement of atherosclerotic plaques. Recent Advances: Accumulated evidence has provided insight into the impact and mechanisms of biomechanical forces and metabolic disorder on atherogenesis, in association with mechanotransduction, epigenetic regulation, and so on. Moreover, recent studies have shed light on the cross talk between the two drivers of atherosclerosis. Critical Issues: There are extensive cross talk and interactions between shear stress and metabolic disorder during the pathogenesis of atherosclerosis. The communications may amplify the proatherogenic effects through increasing oxidative stress and inflammation. Nonetheless, the precise mechanisms underlying such interactions remain to be fully elucidated as the cross talk network is considerably complex. Future Directions: A better understanding of the cross talk network may confer benefits for a more comprehensive clinical management of atherosclerosis. Critical mediators of the cross talk may serve as promising therapeutic targets for atherosclerotic vascular diseases, as they can inhibit effects from both sides of the plaque. Hence, further in-depth investigations with advanced omics approaches are required to develop novel and effective therapeutic strategies against atherosclerosis. Antioxid. Redox Signal. 37, 820-841.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minchun Jiang
- Heart and Vascular Institute, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Shenzhen Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Huanyu Ding
- Heart and Vascular Institute, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Shenzhen Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Yu Huang
- Heart and Vascular Institute, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Shenzhen Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Li Wang
- Heart and Vascular Institute, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Shenzhen Research Institute, Li Ka Shing Institute of Health Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
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31
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Felker G, Buttrick P, Rosenzweig A, Abel ED, Allen LA, Bristow M, Das S, DeVore AD, Drakos SG, Fang JC, Freedman JE, Hernandez AF, Li DY, McKinsey TA, Newton‐Cheh C, Rogers JG, Shah RV, Shah SH, Stehlik J, Selzman CH. Heart Failure Strategically Focused Research Network: Summary of Results and Future Directions. J Am Heart Assoc 2022; 11:e025517. [PMID: 36073647 PMCID: PMC9683647 DOI: 10.1161/jaha.122.025517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/03/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Heart failure remains among the most common and morbid health conditions. The Heart Failure Strategically Focused Research Network (HF SFRN) was funded by the American Heart Association to facilitate collaborative, high-impact research in the field of heart failure across the domains of basic, clinical, and population research. The Network was also charged with developing training opportunities for young investigators. Four centers were funded in 2016: Duke University, University of Colorado, University of Utah, and Massachusetts General Hospital-University of Massachusetts. This report summarizes the aims of each center and major research accomplishments, as well as training outcomes from the HF SFRN.
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Affiliation(s)
- G.Michael Felker
- Division of CardiologyDuke University School of Medicine and Duke Clinical Research InstituteDurhamNC
| | - Peter Buttrick
- Division of CardiologyUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraCO
| | | | - E. Dale Abel
- Department of MedicineUCLA School of MedicineLos AngelesCA
| | - Larry A. Allen
- Division of CardiologyUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraCO
| | - Michael Bristow
- Division of CardiologyUniversity of Colorado School of MedicineAuroraCO
| | - Saumya Das
- Division of CardiologyMassachusetts General HospitalBostonMA
| | - Adam D. DeVore
- Division of CardiologyDuke University School of Medicine and Duke Clinical Research InstituteDurhamNC
| | - Stavros G. Drakos
- Division of CardiologyUniversity of Utah School of MedicineSalt Lake CityUT
| | - James C. Fang
- Division of CardiologyUniversity of Utah School of MedicineSalt Lake CityUT
| | - Jane E. Freedman
- Division of CardiologyVanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleTN
| | - Adrian F. Hernandez
- Division of CardiologyDuke University School of Medicine and Duke Clinical Research InstituteDurhamNC
| | | | | | | | | | - Ravi V. Shah
- Division of CardiologyVanderbilt University School of MedicineNashvilleTN
| | - Svati H. Shah
- Division of CardiologyDuke University School of Medicine and Duke Clinical Research InstituteDurhamNC
| | - Josef Stehlik
- Division of CardiologyUniversity of Utah School of MedicineSalt Lake CityUT
| | - Craig H. Selzman
- Division of CardiologyUniversity of Utah School of MedicineSalt Lake CityUT
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32
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Lerman JB, Giamberardino SN, Hernandez AF, Felker GM, Shah SH, McGarrah RW. Plasma metabolites associated with functional and clinical outcomes in heart failure with reduced ejection fraction with and without type 2 diabetes. Sci Rep 2022; 12:9183. [PMID: 35654972 PMCID: PMC9163122 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-022-12973-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Heart failure with reduced ejection fraction (HFrEF) is increasingly treated with medications for type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Whether metabolic derangements in HFrEF and T2DM are associated with differential outcomes remains unclear. Therefore, understanding molecular pathways in HFrEF and T2DM and their effects on clinical endpoints is important. The FIGHT trial randomized 300 individuals with HFrEF and a recent HF hospitalization to liraglutide (a GLP-1 receptor agonist) versus placebo to assess effects on mortality, HF rehospitalization, and 6-month change in NT-ProBNP. Although the trial showed no clinical benefit of liraglutide, the trial population was highly enriched for individuals with T2DM. Sixty metabolites were quantified via mass spectrometry in plasma from 254 FIGHT participants (N = 147 (57.9%) with T2DM). Principal components analysis reduced the high number of correlated metabolites into uncorrelated factors. The association of factor levels with 90-day changes in 6-min walk distance (6MWD) and NT-proBNP, and with time to mortality or HF hospitalization were evaluated. There were no changes in metabolite factors according to treatment assignment. However, in analyses stratified by T2DM status, changes in five plasma metabolite factors correlated with changes in functional outcomes beyond adjustment: factor 2 (branched-chain amino acids [BCAA]) correlated with changes in NT-proBNP (ρ = − 0.291, p = 4 × 10–4) and 6MWD (ρ= 0.265, p = 0.011); factor 1 (medium-chain acylcarnitines; ρ = 0.220, p = 0.008), factor 4 (long-chain dicarboxylacylcarnitines; ρ = 0.191, p = 0.019), factor 5 (long-chain acylcarnitines; ρ = 0.198, p = 0.017), and factor 8 (urea cycle metabolites; ρ = − 0.239, p = 4 × 10–3), correlated with change in NT-proBNP. Factor 4 was associated with time-to-event (HR = 1.513 [95% CI 1.208–1.896], p = 3 × 10–4) with a trend towards stronger prognostic effect in T2DM (T2DM: p = 1 × 10–3, non-T2DM: p = 0.1). We identified metabolites of BCAA, urea cycle and fatty acid metabolism as biomarkers of HFrEF outcomes, with observed differences in HFrEF patients with T2DM. Such biomarkers might enable future diagnostic or therapeutic interventions in individuals with HFrEF and T2DM. Trial Registration: Clinicaltrials.gov. Identifier: NCT01800968. First posted: February 28, 2013.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joseph B Lerman
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Stephanie N Giamberardino
- Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, 300 N. Duke St, Durham, NC, 27701, USA
| | - Adrian F Hernandez
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.,Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC, USA
| | - G Michael Felker
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.,Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Svati H Shah
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA.,Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, 300 N. Duke St, Durham, NC, 27701, USA.,Duke Clinical Research Institute, Durham, NC, USA
| | - Robert W McGarrah
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Medicine, Duke University School of Medicine, Durham, NC, USA. .,Duke Molecular Physiology Institute, Duke University School of Medicine, 300 N. Duke St, Durham, NC, 27701, USA.
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Yu L, Zhu Q, Li Y, Song P, Zhang J. Dietary Branched-Chain Amino Acids (BCAAs) and Risk of Dyslipidemia in a Chinese Population. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14091824. [PMID: 35565798 PMCID: PMC9103899 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091824] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2022] [Revised: 04/24/2022] [Accepted: 04/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the association between dietary BCAAs, blood lipid levels and risk of dyslipidemia. In this case−control study, a total of 9541 subjects with normal blood lipids were included as a control group, and 9792 patients with dyslipidemia were included as a case group. Dietary BCAA intake data were measured using 3-day 24 h meal recalls and household condiment weighing. All samples were from China Nutrition and Health Surveillance (2015). Generalized linear model, logistic regression, and restricted cubic spline (RCS) were used to evaluate the relationship between dietary BCAAs, blood lipids and dyslipidemia. After adjusting for confounding factors, dietary BCAAs were positively correlated with TC and LDL-C (p < 0.05). Higher dietary BCAAs were associated with higher OR for Hypercholesteremia (Q4 vs. Q1, OR = 1.29, 95% CI: 1.05−1.58, p-trend = 0.034). The ORs of Hyper-LDL-cholesterolemia showed inverted U-shaped with increasing dietary BCAAs (Q3 vs. Q1, OR = 1.20, 95% CI: 1.03−1.39; Q2 vs. Q1, OR = 1.05, 95% CI: 1.01−1.31). The relationship between dietary BCAAs and the risk of Hypercholesteremia and Hyper-LDL-cholesterolemia were both nonlinear (p nonlinearity = 0.0059, 0.0198). Our study reveals that dietary BCAAs are associated with specific types of lipids and risk of dyslipidemia, some of which may be non-linear.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lianlong Yu
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China; (L.Y.); (Q.Z.); (Y.L.); (P.S.)
| | - Qianrang Zhu
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China; (L.Y.); (Q.Z.); (Y.L.); (P.S.)
| | - Yuqian Li
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China; (L.Y.); (Q.Z.); (Y.L.); (P.S.)
- NHC Key Laboratory of Trace Element Nutrition, National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Pengkun Song
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China; (L.Y.); (Q.Z.); (Y.L.); (P.S.)
| | - Jian Zhang
- National Institute for Nutrition and Health, Chinese Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100050, China; (L.Y.); (Q.Z.); (Y.L.); (P.S.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +86-010-6623-7174
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34
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Wang Y, Huang K, Liu F, Lu X, Huang J, Gu D. Association of circulating branched-chain amino acids with risk of cardiovascular disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Atherosclerosis 2022; 350:90-96. [DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2022.04.026] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/20/2021] [Revised: 04/07/2022] [Accepted: 04/21/2022] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
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35
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Lan T, Zeng Q, Jiang W, Liu T, Xu W, Yao P, Lu W. Metabolism disorder promotes isoproterenol-induced myocardial injury in mice with high temperature and high humidity and high-fat diet. BMC Cardiovasc Disord 2022; 22:133. [PMID: 35350989 PMCID: PMC8966251 DOI: 10.1186/s12872-022-02583-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2021] [Accepted: 03/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Isoproterenol (ISO), a synthetic on selective β-adrenergic agonist, provides a simple and non-invasive method for inducing myocardial injury with lower mortality and higher reproducibility. Phlegm-damp syndrome, as known as “Tanshi” in Chinese, is one of Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) syndrome differentiation, which plays an important role in the development of cardiovascular diseases. However, the underlying mechanism remains unknown. Methods In our present study, a myocardial injury mouse model was introduced by ISO administration combined with high temperature and high humidity and high-fat diet to simulate phlegm-damp syndrome. Nontargeted metabolomics with LC–MS/MS was adopted to reveal serum metabolism profile for elucidating the possible molecular mechanism. Results The results of our study showed that phlegm-damp syndrome promoted ISO-induced myocardial injury by aggravating left ventricular hypertrophy and fibrosis, and increasing cardiac index. Our study also confirmed the presence of specific metabolites and disturbed metabolic pathways by comparing ISO mice and Tanshi mice, mainly including glycerophospholipid metabolism, arginine–proline metabolism, and sphingolipid signaling pathway. The lysoPCs, PCs, SMs, Sphingosine, and L-Arginine were the main metabolites that showed a difference between ISO and Tanshi mice, which might be the result of the underlying mechanism in the promotion of ISO-induced myocardial injury in mice with high temperature and high humidity and high-fat diet. Conclusion Our current study provides new insights into contribution of metabolism disorder in promotion of ISO-induced myocardial injury in mice with high temperature and high humidity and high-fat diet, and new targets for clinical diagnosis and pharmacologic treatment of cardiovascular disease with phlegm-damp syndrome. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12872-022-02583-z.
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Affiliation(s)
- Taohua Lan
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510020, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Refractory Chronic Diseases, Guangzhou, 510020, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510020, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510020, People's Republic of China
| | - Qiaohuang Zeng
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510020, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510020, People's Republic of China
| | - Wei Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510020, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Refractory Chronic Diseases, Guangzhou, 510020, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510020, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510020, People's Republic of China
| | - Tong Liu
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510020, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510020, People's Republic of China
| | - Wenjing Xu
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510020, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510020, People's Republic of China
| | - Ping Yao
- Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510020, People's Republic of China.,Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510020, People's Republic of China
| | - Weihui Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Dampness Syndrome of Chinese Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510020, People's Republic of China. .,Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Chinese Medicine for Prevention and Treatment of Refractory Chronic Diseases, Guangzhou, 510020, People's Republic of China. .,Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, Guangzhou, 510020, People's Republic of China. .,Guangdong Provincial Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Guangzhou, 510020, People's Republic of China. .,Department of Cardiology, Guangdong Provincial Hospital of Chinese Medicine, No. 111, Dade Road, Yuexiu District, Guangzhou, 510020, People's Republic of China.
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Zhang J, Wu W, Huang K, Dong G, Chen X, Xu C, Ni Y, Fu J. Untargeted metabolomics reveals gender- and age- independent metabolic changes of type 1 diabetes in Chinese children. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2022; 13:1037289. [PMID: 36619558 PMCID: PMC9813493 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2022.1037289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/05/2022] [Accepted: 12/02/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Type 1 diabetes (T1D) is a chronic condition associated with multiple complications that substantially affect both the quality of life and the life-span of children. Untargeted Metabolomics has provided new insights into disease pathogenesis and risk assessment. METHODS In this study, we characterized the serum metabolic profiles of 76 children with T1D and 65 gender- and age- matched healthy controls using gas chromatography coupled with timeof-flight mass spectrometry. In parallel, we comprehensively evaluated the clinical phenome of T1D patients, including routine blood and urine tests, and concentrations of cytokines, hormones, proteins, and trace elements. RESULTS A total of 70 differential metabolites covering 11 metabolic pathways associated with T1D were identified, which were mainly carbohydrates, indoles, unsaturated fatty acids, amino acids, and organic acids. Subgroup analysis revealed that the metabolic changes were consistent among pediatric patients at different ages or gender but were closely associated with the duration of the disease. DISCUSSION Carbohydrate metabolism, unsaturated fatty acid biosynthesis, and gut microbial metabolism were identified as distinct metabolic features of pediatric T1D. These metabolic changes were also associated with T1D, which may provide important insights into the pathogenesis of the complications associated with diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianwei Zhang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
- Department of Paediatrics, Shaoxing Women and Children Hospital, Shaoxing, China
| | - Wei Wu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Ke Huang
- Department of Endocrinology, The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Guanping Dong
- Department of Endocrinology, The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Xuefeng Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Cuifang Xu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
| | - Yan Ni
- Department of Endocrinology, The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yan Ni, ; Junfen Fu,
| | - Junfen Fu
- Department of Endocrinology, The Children’s Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, Hangzhou, China
- *Correspondence: Yan Ni, ; Junfen Fu,
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37
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Yu LM, Dong X, Zhao JK, Xu YL, Xu DY, Xue XD, Zhou ZJ, Huang YT, Zhao QS, Luo LY, Wang ZS, Wang HS. Activation of PKG-CREB-KLF15 by melatonin attenuates Angiotensin II-induced vulnerability to atrial fibrillation via enhancing branched-chain amino acids catabolism. Free Radic Biol Med 2022; 178:202-214. [PMID: 34864165 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2021.11.043] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/14/2021] [Revised: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
Mitochondrial reactive oxygen species (ROS) damage and atrial remodeling serve as the crucial substrates for the genesis of atrial fibrillation (AF). Branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs) catabolic defect plays critical roles in multiple cardiovascular diseases. However, the alteration of atrial BCAA catabolism and its role in AF remain largely unknown. This study aimed to explore the role of BCAA catabolism in the pathogenesis of AF and to further evaluate the therapeutic effect of melatonin with a focus on protein kinase G (PKG)-cAMP response element binding protein (CREB)-Krüppel-like factor 15 (KLF15) signaling. We found that angiotensin II-treated atria exhibited significantly elevated BCAA level, reduced BCAA catabolic enzyme activity, increased AF vulnerability, aggravated atrial electrical and structural remodeling, and enhanced mitochondrial ROS damage. These deleterious effects were attenuated by melatonin co-administration while exacerbated by BCAA oral supplementation. Melatonin treatment ameliorated BCAA-induced atrial damage and reversed BCAA-induced down-regulation of atrial PKGIα expression, CREB phosphorylation as well as KLF15 expression. However, inhibition of PKG partly abolished melatonin-induced beneficial actions. In summary, these data demonstrated that atrial BCAA catabolic defect contributed to the pathogenesis of AF by aggravating tissue fibrosis and mitochondrial ROS damage. Melatonin treatment ameliorated Ang II-induced atrial structural as well as electrical remodeling by activating PKG-CREB-KLF15. The present study reveals additional mechanisms contributing to AF genesis and highlights the opportunity of a novel therapy for AF by targeting BCAA catabolism. Melatonin may serve as a potential therapeutic agent for AF intervention.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li-Ming Yu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, 83 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, PR China
| | - Xue Dong
- Outpatient Department of Liaoning Military Region, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, 49 Beiling Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110032, PR China
| | - Ji-Kai Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, 83 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, PR China
| | - Yin-Li Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, 83 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, PR China
| | - Deng-Yue Xu
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, 83 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, PR China
| | - Xiao-Dong Xue
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, 83 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, PR China
| | - Zi-Jun Zhou
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, 83 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, PR China
| | - Yu-Ting Huang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, 83 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, PR China
| | - Qiu-Sheng Zhao
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, 83 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, PR China
| | - Lin-Yu Luo
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, 83 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, PR China
| | - Zhi-Shang Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, 83 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, PR China
| | - Hui-Shan Wang
- Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, General Hospital of Northern Theater Command, 83 Wenhua Road, Shenyang, Liaoning, 110016, PR China.
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Jiang M, Xie X, Cao F, Wang Y. Mitochondrial Metabolism in Myocardial Remodeling and Mechanical Unloading: Implications for Ischemic Heart Disease. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:789267. [PMID: 34957264 PMCID: PMC8695728 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.789267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2021] [Accepted: 11/04/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Ischemic heart disease refers to myocardial degeneration, necrosis, and fibrosis caused by coronary artery disease. It can lead to severe left ventricular dysfunction (LVEF ≤ 35–40%) and is a major cause of heart failure (HF). In each contraction, myocardium is subjected to a variety of mechanical forces, such as stretch, afterload, and shear stress, and these mechanical stresses are clinically associated with myocardial remodeling and, eventually, cardiac outcomes. Mitochondria produce 90% of ATP in the heart and participate in metabolic pathways that regulate the balance of glucose and fatty acid oxidative phosphorylation. However, altered energetics and metabolic reprogramming are proved to aggravate HF development and progression by disturbing substrate utilization. This review briefly summarizes the current insights into the adaptations of cardiomyocytes to mechanical stimuli and underlying mechanisms in ischemic heart disease, with focusing on mitochondrial metabolism. We also discuss how mechanical circulatory support (MCS) alters myocardial energy metabolism and affects the detrimental metabolic adaptations of the dysfunctional myocardium.
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Affiliation(s)
- Min Jiang
- Department of Cardiology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disease, The Second Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China.,College of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Medical School of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Xiaoye Xie
- Department of Cardiology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disease, The Second Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Medical School of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Department of Cadre Ward, The 960 Hospital of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Jinan, China
| | - Feng Cao
- Department of Cardiology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disease, The Second Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Medical School of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
| | - Yabin Wang
- Department of Cardiology, National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disease, The Second Medical Center, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China.,Medical School of Chinese People's Liberation Army, Chinese People's Liberation Army General Hospital, Beijing, China
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Gander J, Carrard J, Gallart-Ayala H, Borreggine R, Teav T, Infanger D, Colledge F, Streese L, Wagner J, Klenk C, Nève G, Knaier R, Hanssen H, Schmidt-Trucksäss A, Ivanisevic J. Metabolic Impairment in Coronary Artery Disease: Elevated Serum Acylcarnitines Under the Spotlights. Front Cardiovasc Med 2021; 8:792350. [PMID: 34977199 PMCID: PMC8716394 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2021.792350] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2021] [Accepted: 11/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022] Open
Abstract
Coronary artery disease (CAD) remains the leading cause of death worldwide. Expanding patients' metabolic phenotyping beyond clinical chemistry investigations could lead to earlier recognition of disease onset and better prevention strategies. Additionally, metabolic phenotyping, at the molecular species level, contributes to unravel the roles of metabolites in disease development. In this cross-sectional study, we investigated clinically healthy individuals (n = 116, 65% male, 70.8 ± 8.7 years) and patients with CAD (n = 54, 91% male, 67.0 ± 11.5 years) of the COmPLETE study. We applied a high-coverage quantitative liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry approach to acquire a comprehensive profile of serum acylcarnitines, free carnitine and branched-chain amino acids (BCAAs), as markers of mitochondrial health and energy homeostasis. Multivariable linear regression analyses, adjusted for confounders, were conducted to assess associations between metabolites and CAD phenotype. In total, 20 short-, medium- and long-chain acylcarnitine species, along with L-carnitine, valine and isoleucine were found to be significantly (adjusted p ≤ 0.05) and positively associated with CAD. For 17 acylcarnitine species, associations became stronger as the number of affected coronary arteries increased. This implies that circulating acylcarnitine levels reflect CAD severity and might play a role in future patients' stratification strategies. Altogether, CAD is characterized by elevated serum acylcarnitine and BCAA levels, which indicates mitochondrial imbalance between fatty acid and glucose oxidation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joséphine Gander
- Division of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Justin Carrard
- Division of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Hector Gallart-Ayala
- Metabolomics Platform, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Rébecca Borreggine
- Metabolomics Platform, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Tony Teav
- Metabolomics Platform, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Denis Infanger
- Division of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Flora Colledge
- Division of Sports Science, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Lukas Streese
- Division of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Jonathan Wagner
- Division of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Christopher Klenk
- Division of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Gilles Nève
- Division of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Raphael Knaier
- Division of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Henner Hanssen
- Division of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Arno Schmidt-Trucksäss
- Division of Sports and Exercise Medicine, Department of Sport, Exercise and Health, University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland
- Arno Schmidt-Trucksäss
| | - Julijana Ivanisevic
- Metabolomics Platform, Faculty of Biology and Medicine, University of Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
- *Correspondence: Julijana Ivanisevic
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40
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Chevli PA, Freedman BI, Hsu FC, Xu J, Rudock ME, Ma L, Parks JS, Palmer ND, Shapiro MD. Plasma metabolomic profiling in subclinical atherosclerosis: the Diabetes Heart Study. Cardiovasc Diabetol 2021; 20:231. [PMID: 34876126 PMCID: PMC8653597 DOI: 10.1186/s12933-021-01419-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Incidence rates of cardiovascular disease (CVD) are increasing, partly driven by the diabetes epidemic. Novel prediction tools and modifiable treatment targets are needed to enhance risk assessment and management. Plasma metabolite associations with subclinical atherosclerosis were investigated in the Diabetes Heart Study (DHS), a cohort enriched for type 2 diabetes (T2D). METHODS The analysis included 700 DHS participants, 438 African Americans (AAs), and 262 European Americans (EAs), in whom coronary artery calcium (CAC) was assessed using ECG-gated computed tomography. Plasma metabolomics using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry identified 853 known metabolites. An ancestry-specific marginal model incorporating generalized estimating equations examined associations between metabolites and CAC (log-transformed (CAC + 1) as outcome measure). Models were adjusted for age, sex, BMI, diabetes duration, date of plasma collection, time between plasma collection and CT exam, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), and statin use. RESULTS At an FDR-corrected p-value < 0.05, 33 metabolites were associated with CAC in AAs and 36 in EAs. The androgenic steroids, fatty acid, phosphatidylcholine, and bile acid metabolism subpathways were associated with CAC in AAs, whereas fatty acid, lysoplasmalogen, and branched-chain amino acid (BCAA) subpathways were associated with CAC in EAs. CONCLUSIONS Strikingly different metabolic signatures were associated with subclinical coronary atherosclerosis in AA and EA DHS participants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Parag Anilkumar Chevli
- Section on Hospital Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Barry I Freedman
- Section on Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Fang-Chi Hsu
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, Division of Public Health Sciences, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Jianzhao Xu
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, 1 Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Megan E Rudock
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, 1 Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA
| | - Lijun Ma
- Section on Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - John S Parks
- Section on Molecular Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Nicholette D Palmer
- Department of Biochemistry, Wake Forest School of Medicine, 1 Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
| | - Michael D Shapiro
- Section of Cardiovascular Medicine, Center for Preventive Cardiology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, 1 Medical Center Blvd, Winston-Salem, NC, 27157, USA.
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41
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Cruz DE, Tahir UA, Hu J, Ngo D, Chen ZZ, Robbins JM, Katz D, Balasubramanian R, Peterson B, Deng S, Benson MD, Shi X, Dailey L, Gao Y, Correa A, Wang TJ, Clish CB, Rexrode KM, Wilson JG, Gerszten RE. Metabolomic Analysis of Coronary Heart Disease in an African American Cohort From the Jackson Heart Study. JAMA Cardiol 2021; 7:184-194. [PMID: 34851361 DOI: 10.1001/jamacardio.2021.4925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Importance African American individuals have disproportionate rates of coronary heart disease (CHD) but lower levels of coronary artery calcium (CAC), a marker of subclinical CHD, than non-Hispanic White individuals. African American individuals may have distinct metabolite profiles associated with incident CHD risk compared with non-Hispanic White individuals, and examination of these differences could highlight important processes that differ between them. Objectives To identify novel biomarkers of incident CHD and CAC among African American individuals and to replicate incident CHD findings in a multiethnic cohort. Design, Setting, and Participants This analysis targeted plasma metabolomic profiling of 2346 participants in the Jackson Heart Study (JHS), a prospective population-based cohort study that included 5306 African American participants who were examined at baseline (2000-2004) and 2 follow-up visits. Replication of CHD-associated metabolites was sought among 1588 multiethnic participants from the Women's Health Initiative (WHI), a prospective population-based multiethnic cohort study of 161 808 postmenopausal women who were examined at baseline (1991-1995) and ongoing follow-up visits. Regression analyses were performed for each metabolite to examine the associations with incident CHD and CAC scores. Data were collected from the WHI between 1994 and 2009 and from the JHS between 2000 and 2015. All data were analyzed from November 2020 to August 2021. Exposures Plasma metabolites. Main Outcomes and Measures Incident CHD was defined as definite or probable myocardial infarction or definite fatal CHD in both the JHS and WHI cohorts. In the JHS cohort, silent myocardial infarction between examinations (as determined by electrocardiography) and coronary revascularization were included in the incident CHD analysis. Coronary artery calcium was measured using a 16-channel computed tomographic system and reported as an Agatston score. Results Among 2346 African American individuals in the JHS cohort, the mean (SD) age was 56 (13) years, and 1468 individuals (62.6%) were female. Among 1588 postmenopausal women in the WHI cohort, the mean (SD) age was 67 (7) years; 217 individuals (13.7%) self-identified as African American, 1219 (76.8%) as non-Hispanic White, and 152 (9.6%) as other races or ethnicities. In the fully adjusted model including 1876 individuals, 46 of 303 targeted metabolites were associated with incident CHD (false discovery rate q <0.100). Data for 32 of the 46 metabolites were available in the WHI cohort, and 13 incident CHD-associated metabolites from the JHS cohort were replicated in the WHI cohort. A total of 1439 participants from the JHS cohort with available CAC scores received metabolomic profiling. Nine metabolites were associated with CAC scores. Minimal overlap was found between the results from the incident CHD and CAC analyses, with only 3 metabolites shared between the 2 analyses. Conclusions and Relevance This cohort study identified metabolites that were associated with incident CHD among African American individuals, including 13 incident CHD-associated metabolites that were replicated in a multiethnic population and 9 novel metabolites that included N-acylamides, leucine, and lipid species. These findings may help to elucidate common and distinct metabolic processes that may be associated with CHD among individuals with different self-identified race.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniel E Cruz
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Usman A Tahir
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jie Hu
- Division of Women's Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Debby Ngo
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Zsu-Zsu Chen
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Jeremy M Robbins
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Daniel Katz
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Raji Balasubramanian
- Division of Women's Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Bennet Peterson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Shuliang Deng
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Mark D Benson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Xu Shi
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Lucas Dailey
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Yan Gao
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson
| | - Adolfo Correa
- Department of Medicine, University of Mississippi Medical Center, Jackson
| | - Thomas J Wang
- Department of Medicine, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas
| | - Clary B Clish
- Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
| | - Kathryn M Rexrode
- Division of Women's Health, Brigham and Women's Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - James G Wilson
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Robert E Gerszten
- Division of Cardiovascular Medicine, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center and Harvard Medical School, Boston, Massachusetts.,Broad Institute of Massachusetts Institute of Technology and Harvard University, Cambridge, Massachusetts
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Zhang L, Zhang Y, Ma Z, Zhu Y, Chen Z. Altered amino acid metabolism between coronary heart disease patients with and without type 2 diabetes by quantitative 1H NMR based metabolomics. J Pharm Biomed Anal 2021; 206:114381. [PMID: 34583124 DOI: 10.1016/j.jpba.2021.114381] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2021] [Revised: 08/30/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Coronary heart disease (CHD) is a multifactorial disease associated with complicated altered metabolic pathways, especially when it occurs with type 2 diabetes (T2D). Identification of metabolic changes could provide further understanding of the underlying pathological link between with CHD and T2D. In this study, 61 controls, 30 consecutive patients with only T2D, 188 with confirmed CHD among which 50 also having T2D were enrolled. Quantitative 1H nuclear magnetic resonance (1H NMR) based metabonomic approach was used to obtain the plasma metabolic profiles of the study samples. Multivariate principal component analysis and orthogonal partial least-squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were used to evaluate the differences of metabolites. Compared with controls, there were significant differences in CHD patient with T2D groups including BCAAs (isoleucine, leucine, and valine) and phenylalanine by using quantitative metabolomic profiling (all p < 0.05). With OPLS-DA, the results showed that, compared to CHD patients without T2D, there had higher levels of metabolites for leucine, valine, fumarate, tyrosine, and phenylalanine in the plasma of CHD patients with T2D. Moreover, the CHD patients with T2D showed modified phenylalanine, tyrosine and tryptophan biosynthesis, valine, leucine and isoleucine biosynthesis and degradation compared with CHD patients without T2D. By 1H NMR based quantitative metabolomic method, our findings suggest that T2D has important effects on BCAAs and AAAs metabolism in CHD patients indicating altered cardiac energy metabolism and activated signaling pathway could be potential targets for therapy in CHD disease combined with T2D.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lili Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China.
| | - Yifan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China.
| | - Zhihui Ma
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China.
| | - Yanrong Zhu
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China.
| | - Zhong Chen
- Department of Cardiology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital, 600 Yishan Road, Shanghai 200233, China.
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Jauhiainen R, Vangipurapu J, Laakso A, Kuulasmaa T, Kuusisto J, Laakso M. The Association of 9 Amino Acids With Cardiovascular Events in Finnish Men in a 12-Year Follow-up Study. J Clin Endocrinol Metab 2021; 106:3448-3454. [PMID: 34346487 PMCID: PMC8634085 DOI: 10.1210/clinem/dgab562] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND AIMS To investigate the significance of 9 amino acids as risk factors for incident cardiovascular disease events in 9584 Finnish men. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 9584 men (age 57.4 ± 7.0 years, body mass index 27.2 ± 4.2 kg/m2) from the Metabolic Syndrome in Men study without cardiovascular disease and type 1 diabetes at baseline were included in this study. A total of 662 coronary artery disease (CAD) events, 394 ischemic stroke events, and 966 cardiovascular disease (CVD; CAD and stroke combined) events were recorded in a 12.3-year follow-up. Amino acids were measured using nuclear magnetic resonance platform. RESULTS In Cox regression analysis, phenylalanine and tyrosine were significantly associated with increased risk of CAD and CVD events, and phenylalanine with increased risk of ischemic stroke after the adjustment for confounding factors. Glutamine was significantly associated with decreased risk of stroke and CVD events and nominally with CAD events. Alanine was nominally associated with CAD events. CONCLUSION We identified alanine as a new amino acid associated with increased risk of CAD and glutamine as a new amino acid associated with decreased risk of ischemic stroke. We also confirmed that phenylalanine and tyrosine were associated with CAD, ischemic stroke, and CVD events.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raimo Jauhiainen
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, and Kuopio University Hospital, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Jagadish Vangipurapu
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Annamaria Laakso
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Teemu Kuulasmaa
- Institute of Biomedicine, Bioinformatics Center, University of Eastern Finland, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Johanna Kuusisto
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, and Kuopio University Hospital, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
| | - Markku Laakso
- Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland, and Kuopio University Hospital, 70210 Kuopio, Finland
- Correspondence: Markku Laakso, MD, PhD, Institute of Clinical Medicine, Internal Medicine, University of Eastern Finland and Kuopio University Hospital, 70210 Kuopio, Finland.
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44
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Lépine G, Fouillet H, Rémond D, Huneau JF, Mariotti F, Polakof S. A Scoping Review: Metabolomics Signatures Associated with Animal and Plant Protein Intake and Their Potential Relation with Cardiometabolic Risk. Adv Nutr 2021; 12:2112-2131. [PMID: 34229350 PMCID: PMC8634484 DOI: 10.1093/advances/nmab073] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/05/2021] [Revised: 04/22/2021] [Accepted: 05/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The dietary shift from animal protein (AP) to plant protein (PP) sources is encouraged for both environmental and health reasons. For instance, PPs are associated with lower cardiovascular and diabetes risks compared with APs, although the underlying mechanisms mostly remain unknown. Metabolomics is a valuable tool for globally and mechanistically characterizing the impact of AP and PP intake, given its unique ability to provide integrated signatures and specific biomarkers of metabolic effects through a comprehensive snapshot of metabolic status. This scoping review is aimed at gathering and analyzing the available metabolomics data associated with PP- and AP-rich diets, and discusses the metabolic effects underlying these metabolomics signatures and their potential implication for cardiometabolic health. We selected 24 human studies comparing the urine, plasma, or serum metabolomes associated with diets with contrasted AP and PP intakes. Among the 439 metabolites reported in those studies as able to discriminate AP- and PP-rich diets, 46 were considered to provide a robust level of evidence, according to a scoring system, especially amino acids (AAs) and AA-related products. Branched-chain amino acids, aromatic amino acids (AAAs), glutamate, short-chain acylcarnitines, and trimethylamine-N-oxide, which are known to be related to an increased cardiometabolic risk, were associated with AP-rich diets, whereas glycine (rather related to a reduced risk) was associated with PP-rich diets. Tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle intermediates and products from gut microbiota AAA degradation were also often reported, but the direction of their associations differed across studies. Overall, AP- and PP-rich diets result in different metabolomics signatures, with several metabolites being plausible candidates to explain some of their differential associations with cardiometabolic risk. Additional studies specifically focusing on protein type, with rigorous intake control, are needed to better characterize the associated metabolic phenotypes and understand how they could mediate differential AP and PP effects on cardiometabolic risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gaïa Lépine
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UMR 1019, Unité Nutrition Humaine, Clermont-Ferrand, France,Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, Paris, France
| | - Hélène Fouillet
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, Paris, France
| | - Didier Rémond
- Université Clermont Auvergne, INRAE, UMR 1019, Unité Nutrition Humaine, Clermont-Ferrand, France
| | | | - François Mariotti
- Université Paris-Saclay, AgroParisTech, INRAE, UMR PNCA, Paris, France
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45
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Lu H, Zhang J, Chen YE, Garcia-Barrio MT. Integration of Transformative Platforms for the Discovery of Causative Genes in Cardiovascular Diseases. Cardiovasc Drugs Ther 2021; 35:637-654. [PMID: 33856594 PMCID: PMC8216854 DOI: 10.1007/s10557-021-07175-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are the leading cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide. Genome-wide association studies (GWAS) are powerful epidemiological tools to find genes and variants associated with cardiovascular diseases while follow-up biological studies allow to better understand the etiology and mechanisms of disease and assign causality. Improved methodologies and reduced costs have allowed wider use of bulk and single-cell RNA sequencing, human-induced pluripotent stem cells, organoids, metabolomics, epigenomics, and novel animal models in conjunction with GWAS. In this review, we feature recent advancements relevant to cardiovascular diseases arising from the integration of genetic findings with multiple enabling technologies within multidisciplinary teams to highlight the solidifying transformative potential of this approach. Well-designed workflows integrating different platforms are greatly improving and accelerating the unraveling and understanding of complex disease processes while promoting an effective way to find better drug targets, improve drug design and repurposing, and provide insight towards a more personalized clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haocheng Lu
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, 2800 Plymouth Rd, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2800, USA
| | - Jifeng Zhang
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, 2800 Plymouth Rd, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2800, USA
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA
| | - Y Eugene Chen
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, 2800 Plymouth Rd, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2800, USA.
- Center for Advanced Models for Translational Sciences and Therapeutics, University of Michigan Medical Center, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109, USA.
| | - Minerva T Garcia-Barrio
- Department of Internal Medicine, University of Michigan Medical Center, 2800 Plymouth Rd, Ann Arbor, MI, 48109-2800, USA.
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46
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Arredondo Eve A, Tunc E, Liu YJ, Agrawal S, Erbak Yilmaz H, Emren SV, Akyıldız Akçay F, Mainzer L, Žurauskienė J, Madak Erdogan Z. Identification of Circulating Diagnostic Biomarkers for Coronary Microvascular Disease in Postmenopausal Women Using Machine-Learning Techniques. Metabolites 2021; 11:metabo11060339. [PMID: 34070374 PMCID: PMC8230313 DOI: 10.3390/metabo11060339] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2021] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Coronary microvascular disease (CMD) is a common form of heart disease in postmenopausal women. It is not due to plaque formation but dysfunction of microvessels that feed the heart muscle. The majority of the patients do not receive a proper diagnosis, are discharged prematurely and must go back to the hospital with persistent symptoms. Because of the lack of diagnostic biomarkers, in the current study, we focused on identifying novel circulating biomarkers of CMV (cytomegalovirus) that could potentially be used for developing a diagnostic test. We hypothesized that plasma metabolite composition is different for postmenopausal women with no heart disease, CAD (coronary artery disease), or CMD. A total of 70 postmenopausal women, 26 healthy individuals, 23 individuals with CMD and 21 individuals with CAD were recruited. Their full health screening and tests were completed. Basic cardiac examination, including detailed clinical history, additional disease and prescribed drugs, were noted. Electrocardiograph, transthoracic echocardiography and laboratory analysis were also obtained. Additionally, we performed full metabolite profiling of plasma samples from these individuals using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS) analysis, identified and classified circulating biomarkers using machine learning approaches. Stearic acid and ornithine levels were significantly higher in postmenopausal women with CMD. In contrast, valine levels were higher for women with CAD. Our research identified potential circulating plasma biomarkers of this debilitating heart disease in postmenopausal women, which will have a clinical impact on diagnostic test design in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alicia Arredondo Eve
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; (A.A.E.); (E.T.); (Y.-J.L.)
| | - Elif Tunc
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; (A.A.E.); (E.T.); (Y.-J.L.)
- Research and Training Hospital, Katip Celebi University, Izmir 35620, Turkey; (H.E.Y.); (S.V.E.); (F.A.A.)
| | - Yu-Jeh Liu
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; (A.A.E.); (E.T.); (Y.-J.L.)
| | - Saumya Agrawal
- Department of Computer Science, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA;
| | - Huriye Erbak Yilmaz
- Research and Training Hospital, Katip Celebi University, Izmir 35620, Turkey; (H.E.Y.); (S.V.E.); (F.A.A.)
- Izmir Biomedicine and Genome Center, Balcova, Izmir 35340, Turkey
| | - Sadık Volkan Emren
- Research and Training Hospital, Katip Celebi University, Izmir 35620, Turkey; (H.E.Y.); (S.V.E.); (F.A.A.)
| | - Filiz Akyıldız Akçay
- Research and Training Hospital, Katip Celebi University, Izmir 35620, Turkey; (H.E.Y.); (S.V.E.); (F.A.A.)
| | - Luidmila Mainzer
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; (L.M.); (J.Ž.)
- National Center for Supercomputing Applications, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
| | - Justina Žurauskienė
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; (L.M.); (J.Ž.)
- Centre for Computational Biology, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2T, UK
- Institute of Cancer and Genomic Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK
| | - Zeynep Madak Erdogan
- Department of Food Science and Human Nutrition, Division of Nutritional Sciences, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; (A.A.E.); (E.T.); (Y.-J.L.)
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA; (L.M.); (J.Ž.)
- Cancer Center at Illinois, University of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Beckman Institute for Advanced Science and Technology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL 61801, USA
- Correspondence:
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47
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Abstract
Alterations in cardiac energy metabolism contribute to the severity of heart failure. However, the energy metabolic changes that occur in heart failure are complex and are dependent not only on the severity and type of heart failure present but also on the co-existence of common comorbidities such as obesity and type 2 diabetes. The failing heart faces an energy deficit, primarily because of a decrease in mitochondrial oxidative capacity. This is partly compensated for by an increase in ATP production from glycolysis. The relative contribution of the different fuels for mitochondrial ATP production also changes, including a decrease in glucose and amino acid oxidation, and an increase in ketone oxidation. The oxidation of fatty acids by the heart increases or decreases, depending on the type of heart failure. For instance, in heart failure associated with diabetes and obesity, myocardial fatty acid oxidation increases, while in heart failure associated with hypertension or ischemia, myocardial fatty acid oxidation decreases. Combined, these energy metabolic changes result in the failing heart becoming less efficient (ie, a decrease in cardiac work/O2 consumed). The alterations in both glycolysis and mitochondrial oxidative metabolism in the failing heart are due to both transcriptional changes in key enzymes involved in these metabolic pathways, as well as alterations in NAD redox state (NAD+ and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide levels) and metabolite signaling that contribute to posttranslational epigenetic changes in the control of expression of genes encoding energy metabolic enzymes. Alterations in the fate of glucose, beyond flux through glycolysis or glucose oxidation, also contribute to the pathology of heart failure. Of importance, pharmacological targeting of the energy metabolic pathways has emerged as a novel therapeutic approach to improving cardiac efficiency, decreasing the energy deficit and improving cardiac function in the failing heart.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gary D Lopaschuk
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (G.D.L., Q.G.K.)
| | - Qutuba G Karwi
- Cardiovascular Research Centre, University of Alberta, Edmonton, Canada (G.D.L., Q.G.K.)
| | - Rong Tian
- Mitochondria and Metabolism Center, University of Washington, Seattle (R.T.)
| | - Adam R Wende
- Division of Molecular and Cellular Pathology, Department of Pathology, University of Alabama at Birmingham (A.R.W.)
| | - E Dale Abel
- Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City (E.D.A.).,Fraternal Order of Eagles Diabetes Research Center, University of Iowa Carver College of Medicine, Iowa City (E.D.A.)
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48
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Müller J, Bertsch T, Volke J, Schmid A, Klingbeil R, Metodiev Y, Karaca B, Kim SH, Lindner S, Schupp T, Kittel M, Poschet G, Akin I, Behnes M. Narrative review of metabolomics in cardiovascular disease. J Thorac Dis 2021; 13:2532-2550. [PMID: 34012599 PMCID: PMC8107570 DOI: 10.21037/jtd-21-22] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Cardiovascular diseases are accompanied by disorders in the cardiac metabolism. Furthermore, comorbidities often associated with cardiovascular disease can alter systemic and myocardial metabolism contributing to worsening of cardiac performance and health status. Biomarkers such as natriuretic peptides or troponins already support diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of patients with cardiovascular diseases and are represented in international guidelines. However, as cardiovascular diseases affect various pathophysiological pathways, a single biomarker approach cannot be regarded as ideal to reveal optimal clinical application. Emerging metabolomics technology allows the measurement of hundreds of metabolites in biological fluids or biopsies and thus to characterize each patient by its own metabolic fingerprint, improving our understanding of complex diseases, significantly altering the management of cardiovascular diseases and possibly personalizing medicine. This review outlines current knowledge, perspectives as well as limitations of metabolomics for diagnosis, prognosis and treatment of cardiovascular diseases such as heart failure, atherosclerosis, ischemic and non-ischemic cardiomyopathy. Furthermore, an ongoing research project tackling current inconsistencies as well as clinical applications of metabolomics will be discussed. Taken together, the application of metabolomics will enable us to gain more insights into pathophysiological interactions of metabolites and disease states as well as improving therapies of patients with cardiovascular diseases in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julian Müller
- First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Thomas Bertsch
- Institute of Clinical Chemistry, Laboratory Medicine and Transfusion Medicine, Nuremburg General Hospital, Paracelsus Medical University, Nuremberg, Germany
| | - Justus Volke
- First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Alexander Schmid
- First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Rebecca Klingbeil
- First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Yulian Metodiev
- First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Bican Karaca
- First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Seung-Hyun Kim
- First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Simon Lindner
- First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Tobias Schupp
- First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Maximilian Kittel
- Institute for Clinical Chemistry, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, Heidelberg University, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Gernot Poschet
- Centre for Organismal Studies (COS), University of Heidelberg, Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Ibrahim Akin
- First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
| | - Michael Behnes
- First Department of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine Mannheim, University of Heidelberg, Mannheim, Germany
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49
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Liu W, Guo P, Dai T, Shi X, Shen G, Feng J. Metabolic Interactions and Differences between Coronary Heart Disease and Diabetes Mellitus: A Pilot Study on Biomarker Determination and Pathogenesis. J Proteome Res 2021; 20:2364-2373. [PMID: 33751888 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.0c00879] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Comprehensive understanding of plasma metabotype of diabetes mellitus (DM), coronary heart disease (CHD), and especially diabetes mellitus with coronary heart disease (CHDDM) is still lacking. In this work, the plasma metabolic differences and links of DM, CHD, and CHDDM patients were investigated by the strategy of comparative metabolomics based on 1H NMR spectroscopy combined with network analysis for revealing their metabolic differences. A total of 17 metabolites are related to three diseases, among which valine, alanine, leucine, isoleucine, and N-acetyl-glycoprotein are positively correlated with CHD and CHDDM (odds ratios (OR) > 1). The trimethylamine oxide, glycerol, lactose, indoleacetate, and scyllo-inositol are closely related to the development of DM to CHDDM (OR > 1), and indoleactate (OR: 1.06, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.01-1.12) and lactose (OR: 2.46, 95% CI: 1.67-3.25) are particularly prominent in CHDDM. We identified three multi-biomarkers types that were significantly associated with glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C) at baseline. All diseases demonstrated dysregulated glycolysis/gluconeogenesis and amino acid biosynthesis pathway. In addition, enrichment in tryptophan metabolism observed in CHDDM, enrichment in inositol phosphate metabolism observed in DM, and the metabolites related to microbiota metabolism were dysregulated in both DM and CHDDM. The comparative metabolomics strategy of multi-diseases offers a new perspective in disease-specific markers and pathogenic pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wuping Liu
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Pengfei Guo
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Tao Dai
- Third Affiliated Hospital, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang 471003, China
| | - Xiulin Shi
- The Xiamen Diabetes Institute and Department of Endocrinology and Diabetes, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen 361003, China
| | - Guiping Shen
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
| | - Jianghua Feng
- Department of Electronic Science, Fujian Provincial Key Laboratory of Plasma and Magnetic Resonance, Xiamen University, Xiamen 361005, China
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50
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Cojocaru E, Magdalena Leon-Constantin M, Ungureanu C, Trandafirescu MF, Maștaleru A, Mihaela Trandafir L, Dumitru Petrariu F, Viola Bădulescu O, Filip N. Hypolipemiant Actions and Possible Cardioprotective Effects of Valine and Leucine: An Experimental Study. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2021; 57:medicina57030239. [PMID: 33807510 PMCID: PMC8002166 DOI: 10.3390/medicina57030239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2021] [Accepted: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Considering atherosclerosis as one of the more challenging threats to healthcare worldwide, any novel therapy that counteracts the risks for developing it, provides new opportunities for the management of this process. Material and methods: We performed an experimental research in which we induced a hypercholesterolemia via a cholesterol-rich diet. Our aim was to demonstrate the antiatherogenic potential of two essential amino acids (valine and leucine). The experimental study was carried out over a period of 60 days. Male Wistar rats weighing between 250–280 g were used and divided into 4 groups, each group including 8 animals. Group I—control was fed with a standard diet. Group II received cholesterol, group III cholesterol and valine and group IV cholesterol and leucine. Blood samples were collected from the retro-orbital plexus, under anesthesia with 75 mg/kg of intraperitoneal ketamine, in three different moments (R0—1st day, R1—the 30th day, R2—the 60th day) in order to measure the levels of triglycerides. Results: In R0, there were no significant differences between the average levels of triglycerides across all the groups (p < 0.05). Compared to the group I, in R1 and R2, the average levels of triglycerides were significantly higher in all groups (p < 0.001). Also, in R1 and R2, the average triglycerides in group II receiving cholesterol (C) were significantly higher than those in group III receiving valine (C + V) as well as in group IV receiving leucine (C + L) (p < 0.001; p < 0.05). In R2, the average triglycerides in group III were significantly lower than in group IV (p < 0.001). Conclusions: Our data provides evidence that valine and leucine have a direct impact on the lipid metabolism parameters by lowering the level of triglycerides. The comparison of the two essential amino acids indicates that valine acts more promptly and rapidly than leucine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elena Cojocaru
- Department of Morphofunctional Sciences I, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iaşi, Romania; (E.C.); (C.U.); (M.F.T.)
| | - Maria Magdalena Leon-Constantin
- Department of Medical Specialties I, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iaşi, Romania
- Correspondence: (M.M.L.-C.); (A.M.)
| | - Carmen Ungureanu
- Department of Morphofunctional Sciences I, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iaşi, Romania; (E.C.); (C.U.); (M.F.T.)
| | - Mioara Florentina Trandafirescu
- Department of Morphofunctional Sciences I, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iaşi, Romania; (E.C.); (C.U.); (M.F.T.)
| | - Alexandra Maștaleru
- Department of Medical Specialties I, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iaşi, Romania
- Correspondence: (M.M.L.-C.); (A.M.)
| | - Laura Mihaela Trandafir
- Department of Mother and Child Medicine, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iaşi, Romania;
| | - Florin Dumitru Petrariu
- Department of Preventive Medicine and Interdisciplinarity, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iaşi, Romania;
| | - Oana Viola Bădulescu
- Department of Morphofunctional Sciences II, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iaşi, Romania; (O.V.B.); (N.F.)
| | - Nina Filip
- Department of Morphofunctional Sciences II, “Grigore T. Popa” University of Medicine and Pharmacy, 700115 Iaşi, Romania; (O.V.B.); (N.F.)
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