1
|
Douchi D, Si Larbi G, Fel B, Bonnanfant M, Louwagie M, Jouhet J, Agnely M, Pouget S, Maréchal E. Dryland Endolithic Chroococcidiopsis and Temperate Fresh Water Synechocystis Have Distinct Membrane Lipid and Photosynthesis Acclimation Strategies upon Desiccation and Temperature Increase. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 65:939-957. [PMID: 37944070 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcad139] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 10/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/12/2023]
Abstract
An effect of climate change is the expansion of drylands in temperate regions, predicted to affect microbial biodiversity. Since photosynthetic organisms are at the base of ecosystem's trophic networks, we compared an endolithic desiccation-tolerant Chroococcidiopsis cyanobacteria isolated from gypsum rocks in the Atacama Desert with a freshwater desiccation-sensitive Synechocystis. We sought whether some acclimation traits in response to desiccation and temperature variations were shared, to evaluate the potential of temperate species to possibly become resilient to future arid conditions. When temperature varies, Synechocystis tunes the acyl composition of its lipids, via a homeoviscous acclimation mechanism known to adjust membrane fluidity, whereas no such change occurs in Chroococcidiopsis. Vice versa, a combined study of photosynthesis and pigment content shows that Chroococcidiopsis remodels its photosynthesis components and keeps an optimal photosynthetic capacity at all temperatures, whereas Synechocystis is unable to such adjustment. Upon desiccation on a gypsum surface, Synechocystis is rapidly unable to revive, whereas Chroococcidiopsis is capable to recover after three weeks. Using X-ray diffraction, we found no evidence that Chroococcidiopsis could use water extracted from gypsum crystals in such conditions as a surrogate for missing water. The sulfolipid sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol becomes the prominent membrane lipid in both dehydrated cyanobacteria, highlighting an overlooked function for this lipid. Chroococcidiopsis keeps a minimal level of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol, which may be essential for the recovery process. Results support that two independent adaptation strategies have evolved in these species to cope with temperature and desiccation increase and suggest some possible scenarios for microbial biodiversity change triggered by climate change.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Damien Douchi
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Grenoble Alpes, IRIG, CEA-Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Gregory Si Larbi
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Grenoble Alpes, IRIG, CEA-Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Benjamin Fel
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Grenoble Alpes, IRIG, CEA-Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Marlène Bonnanfant
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Grenoble Alpes, IRIG, CEA-Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Mathilde Louwagie
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Grenoble Alpes, IRIG, CEA-Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Juliette Jouhet
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Grenoble Alpes, IRIG, CEA-Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Mathias Agnely
- Saint Gobain Research Paris, SAINT-GOBAIN, 39 quai Lucien Lefranc, Aubervilliers Cedex 93303, France
| | - Stéphanie Pouget
- Laboratoire Modélisation et Exploration des Matériaux, Université Grenoble Alpes, Commissariat à l'énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives, IRIG; CEA-Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, Grenoble 38000, France
| | - Eric Maréchal
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Grenoble Alpes, IRIG, CEA-Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, Grenoble 38000, France
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Matzner M, Launhardt L, Barth O, Humbeck K, Goss R, Heilmann I. Inter-Organellar Effects of Defective ER-Localized Linolenic Acid Formation on Thylakoid Lipid Composition, Non-Photochemical Quenching of Chlorophyll Fluorescence and Xanthophyll Cycle Activity in the Arabidopsis fad3 Mutant. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2024; 65:958-974. [PMID: 37991227 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcad141] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2023] [Revised: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/23/2023]
Abstract
Monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) is the main lipid constituent of thylakoids and a structural component of photosystems and photosynthesis-related proteo-lipid complexes in green tissues. Previously reported changes in MGDG abundance upon stress treatments are hypothesized to reflect mobilization of MGDG-based polyunsaturated lipid intermediates to maintain extraplastidial membrane integrity. While exchange of lipid intermediates between compartmental membranes is well documented, physiological consequences of mobilizing an essential thylakoid lipid, such as MGDG, for an alternative purpose are not well understood. Arabidopsis seedlings exposed to mild (50 mM) salt treatment displayed significantly increased abundance of both MGDG and the extraplastidial lipid, phosphatidylcholine (PC). Interestingly, similar increases in MGDG and PC were observed in Arabidopsis fad3 mutant seedlings defective in endoplasmic reticulum (ER)-localized linolenic acid formation, in which compensatory plastid-to-ER-directed mobilization of linolenic acid-containing intermediates takes place. The postulated (salt) or evident (fad3) plastid-ER exchange of intermediates concurred with altered thylakoid function according to parameters of photosynthetic performance. While salt treatment of wild-type seedlings inhibited photosynthetic parameters in a dose-dependent manner, interestingly, untreated fad3 mutants did not show overall reduced photosynthetic quantum yield. By contrast, we observed a reduction specifically of non-photochemical quenching (NPQ) under high light, representing only part of observed salt effects. The decreased NPQ in the fad3 mutant was accompanied by reduced activity of the xanthophyll cycle, leading to a reduced concentration of the NPQ-effective pigment zeaxanthin. The findings suggest that altered ER-located fatty acid unsaturation and ensuing inter-organellar compensation impacts on the function of specific thylakoid enzymes, rather than globally affecting thylakoid function.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Monique Matzner
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Charles Tanford Protein Science Center, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3a, Halle (Saale) 06120, Germany
| | - Larissa Launhardt
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Charles Tanford Protein Science Center, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3a, Halle (Saale) 06120, Germany
| | - Olaf Barth
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Weinbergweg 10, Halle (Saale) 06120, Germany
| | - Klaus Humbeck
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biology, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Weinbergweg 10, Halle (Saale) 06120, Germany
| | - Reimund Goss
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute of Biology, University of Leipzig, Johannisallee 23, Leipzig 04103, Germany
| | - Ingo Heilmann
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Institute of Biochemistry and Biotechnology, Charles Tanford Protein Science Center, Martin Luther University Halle-Wittenberg, Kurt-Mothes-Str. 3a, Halle (Saale) 06120, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Gaschignard G, Millet M, Bruley A, Benzerara K, Dezi M, Skouri-Panet F, Duprat E, Callebaut I. AlphaFold2-guided description of CoBaHMA, a novel family of bacterial domains within the heavy-metal-associated superfamily. Proteins 2024; 92:776-794. [PMID: 38258321 DOI: 10.1002/prot.26668] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2023] [Revised: 12/22/2023] [Accepted: 01/01/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024]
Abstract
Three-dimensional (3D) structure information, now available at the proteome scale, may facilitate the detection of remote evolutionary relationships in protein superfamilies. Here, we illustrate this with the identification of a novel family of protein domains related to the ferredoxin-like superfold, by combining (i) transitive sequence similarity searches, (ii) clustering approaches, and (iii) the use of AlphaFold2 3D structure models. Domains of this family were initially identified in relation with the intracellular biomineralization of calcium carbonates by Cyanobacteria. They are part of the large heavy-metal-associated (HMA) superfamily, departing from the latter by specific sequence and structural features. In particular, most of them share conserved basic amino acids (hence their name CoBaHMA for Conserved Basic residues HMA), forming a positively charged surface, which is likely to interact with anionic partners. CoBaHMA domains are found in diverse modular organizations in bacteria, existing in the form of monodomain proteins or as part of larger proteins, some of which are membrane proteins involved in transport or lipid metabolism. This suggests that the CoBaHMA domains may exert a regulatory function, involving interactions with anionic lipids. This hypothesis might have a particular resonance in the context of the compartmentalization observed for cyanobacterial intracellular calcium carbonates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Geoffroy Gaschignard
- Sorbonne Université, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, UMR CNRS 7590, Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie, IMPMC, Paris, France
| | - Maxime Millet
- Sorbonne Université, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, UMR CNRS 7590, Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie, IMPMC, Paris, France
| | - Apolline Bruley
- Sorbonne Université, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, UMR CNRS 7590, Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie, IMPMC, Paris, France
| | - Karim Benzerara
- Sorbonne Université, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, UMR CNRS 7590, Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie, IMPMC, Paris, France
| | - Manuela Dezi
- Sorbonne Université, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, UMR CNRS 7590, Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie, IMPMC, Paris, France
| | - Feriel Skouri-Panet
- Sorbonne Université, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, UMR CNRS 7590, Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie, IMPMC, Paris, France
| | - Elodie Duprat
- Sorbonne Université, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, UMR CNRS 7590, Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie, IMPMC, Paris, France
| | - Isabelle Callebaut
- Sorbonne Université, Muséum National d'Histoire Naturelle, UMR CNRS 7590, Institut de Minéralogie, de Physique des Matériaux et de Cosmochimie, IMPMC, Paris, France
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Wilson S, Clarke CD, Carbajal MA, Buccafusca R, Fleck RA, Daskalakis V, Ruban AV. Hydrophobic Mismatch in the Thylakoid Membrane Regulates Photosynthetic Light Harvesting. J Am Chem Soc 2024; 146:14905-14914. [PMID: 38759103 PMCID: PMC11140739 DOI: 10.1021/jacs.4c05220] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2024] [Revised: 05/10/2024] [Accepted: 05/13/2024] [Indexed: 05/19/2024]
Abstract
The ability to harvest light effectively in a changing environment is necessary to ensure efficient photosynthesis and crop growth. One mechanism, known as qE, protects photosystem II (PSII) and regulates electron transfer through the harmless dissipation of excess absorbed photons as heat. This process involves reversible clustering of the major light-harvesting complexes of PSII (LHCII) in the thylakoid membrane and relies upon the ΔpH gradient and the allosteric modulator protein PsbS. To date, the exact role of PsbS in the qE mechanism has remained elusive. Here, we show that PsbS induces hydrophobic mismatch in the thylakoid membrane through dynamic rearrangement of lipids around LHCII leading to observed membrane thinning. We found that upon illumination, the thylakoid membrane reversibly shrinks from around 4.3 to 3.2 nm, without PsbS, this response is eliminated. Furthermore, we show that the lipid digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG) is repelled from the LHCII-PsbS complex due to an increase in both the pKa of lumenal residues and in the dipole moment of LHCII, which allows for further conformational change and clustering in the membrane. Our results suggest a mechanistic role for PsbS as a facilitator of a hydrophobic mismatch-mediated phase transition between LHCII-PsbS and its environment. This could act as the driving force to sort LHCII into photoprotective nanodomains in the thylakoid membrane. This work shows an example of the key role of the hydrophobic mismatch process in regulating membrane protein function in plants.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sam Wilson
- Department
of Biochemistry, School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Charlea D. Clarke
- Department
of Biochemistry, School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - M. Alejandra Carbajal
- Centre
for Ultrastructural Imaging, King’s
College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Roberto Buccafusca
- Department
of Chemistry, School of Physical and Chemical Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| | - Roland A. Fleck
- Centre
for Ultrastructural Imaging, King’s
College London, London SE1 1UL, United Kingdom
| | - Vangelis Daskalakis
- Department
of Chemical Engineering, School of Engineering, University of Patras, Patras 26504, Greece
| | - Alexander V. Ruban
- Department
of Biochemistry, School of Biological and Behavioural Sciences, Queen Mary University of London, London E1 4NS, United Kingdom
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Bai Y, Yang Q, Gan Y, Li M, Zhao Z, Dong E, Li C, He D, Mei X, Cai Y. The ZmNF-YC1-ZmAPRG pathway modulates low phosphorus tolerance in maize. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2024; 75:2867-2881. [PMID: 38393826 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erae068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P) is an essential nutrient for plant growth and yield. Low phosphate use efficiency makes it important to clarify the molecular mechanism of low P stress. In our previous studies, a P efficiency gene ZmAPRG was identified. Here, we further screened the upstream regulator ZmNF-YC1 of ZmAPRG by yeast one hybrid (Y1H) assay, and found it was a low inorganic phosphorus (Pi)-inducible gene. The results of dual luciferase assays, expression analysis, and ChIP-qPCR assays showed that ZmNF-YC1 is a positive regulator of ZmAPRG. Overexpression of ZmNF-YC1 improved low P tolerance, whereas knockout of ZmNF-YC1 decreased low P tolerance in maize. Bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC), yeast two hybrid (Y2H) assay, and yeast three hybrid (Y3H) assay further showed that ZmNF-YC1 can interact with ZmNF-YB14, and recruit ZmNF-YA4/10 to form NF-Y complexes. Transcriptional activation assay confirmed that the NF-Y complexes can activate the promoters of ZmAPRG. Meanwhile, transcriptome and metabolome analyses indicated that overexpression of ZmAPRG improves low P tolerance by regulating lipid composition and photosynthetic capacity, and chlorophyll fluorescence parameters provided evidence in support of this hypothesis. Furthermore, overexpression of ZmAPRG increased grain yield in inbred and hybrid maize under low P conditions. Taken together, our research revealed a low P tolerance mechanism of the ZmNF-YC1-ZmAPRG pathway.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Bai
- Maize Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Qiuyue Yang
- Maize Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yuling Gan
- Maize Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Mei Li
- Department of Agriculture and Horticulture, Guangxi Agricultural Vocational University, Nanning 530007, Guangxi, China
| | - Zikun Zhao
- Maize Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Erfei Dong
- Maize Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Chaofeng Li
- Maize Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Di He
- Maize Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Xiupeng Mei
- Maize Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| | - Yilin Cai
- Maize Research Institute, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
- Engineering Research Center of South Upland Agriculture, Ministry of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing 400715, China
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
John A, Krämer M, Lehmann M, Kunz HH, Aarabi F, Alseekh S, Fernie A, Sommer F, Schroda M, Zimmer D, Mühlhaus T, Peisker H, Gutbrod K, Dörmann P, Neunzig J, Philippar K, Neuhaus HE. Degradation of FATTY ACID EXPORT PROTEIN1 by RHOMBOID-LIKE PROTEASE11 contributes to cold tolerance in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT CELL 2024; 36:1937-1962. [PMID: 38242838 PMCID: PMC11062452 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koae011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2023] [Revised: 12/14/2023] [Accepted: 12/15/2023] [Indexed: 01/21/2024]
Abstract
Plants need to acclimate to different stresses to optimize growth under unfavorable conditions. In Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana), the abundance of the chloroplast envelope protein FATTY ACID EXPORT PROTEIN1 (FAX1) decreases after the onset of low temperatures. However, how FAX1 degradation occurs and whether altered FAX1 abundance contributes to cold tolerance in plants remains unclear. The rapid cold-induced increase in RHOMBOID-LIKE PROTEASE11 (RBL11) transcript levels, the physical interaction of RBL11 with FAX1, the specific FAX1 degradation after RBL11 expression, and the absence of cold-induced FAX1 degradation in rbl11 loss-of-function mutants suggest that this enzyme is responsible for FAX1 degradation. Proteomic analyses showed that rbl11 mutants have higher levels of FAX1 and other proteins involved in membrane lipid homeostasis, suggesting that RBL11 is a key element in the remodeling of membrane properties during cold conditions. Consequently, in the cold, rbl11 mutants show a shift in lipid biosynthesis toward the eukaryotic pathway, which coincides with impaired cold tolerance. To test whether cold sensitivity is due to increased FAX1 levels, we analyzed FAX1 overexpressors. The rbl11 mutants and FAX1 overexpressor lines show superimposable phenotypic defects upon exposure to cold temperatures. Our re-sults show that the cold-induced degradation of FAX1 by RBL11 is critical for Arabidop-sis to survive cold and freezing periods.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Annalisa John
- Plant Physiology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern D-67653, Germany
| | - Moritz Krämer
- Plant Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Planegg-Martinsried 82152, Germany
| | - Martin Lehmann
- Plant Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Planegg-Martinsried 82152, Germany
| | - Hans-Henning Kunz
- Plant Biochemistry, Faculty of Biology, Ludwig-Maximilians-Universität Munich, Planegg-Martinsried 82152, Germany
| | - Fayezeh Aarabi
- Max Planck Institut for Molecular Plant Physiology, Central Metabolism, Potsdam D-14476, Germany
| | - Saleh Alseekh
- Max Planck Institut for Molecular Plant Physiology, Central Metabolism, Potsdam D-14476, Germany
| | - Alisdair Fernie
- Max Planck Institut for Molecular Plant Physiology, Central Metabolism, Potsdam D-14476, Germany
| | - Frederik Sommer
- Molecular Biotechnology and Systems Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern D-67653, Germany
| | - Michael Schroda
- Molecular Biotechnology and Systems Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern D-67653, Germany
| | - David Zimmer
- Computational Systems Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern D-67653, Germany
| | - Timo Mühlhaus
- Computational Systems Biology, University of Kaiserslautern, Kaiserslautern D-67653, Germany
| | - Helga Peisker
- Institute for Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants, IMBIO, University of Bonn, Bonn D-53115, Germany
| | - Katharina Gutbrod
- Institute for Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants, IMBIO, University of Bonn, Bonn D-53115, Germany
| | - Peter Dörmann
- Institute for Molecular Physiology and Biotechnology of Plants, IMBIO, University of Bonn, Bonn D-53115, Germany
| | - Jens Neunzig
- Plant Biology, Center for Human and Molecular Biology (ZHMB), Saarland University, Saarbrücken D-66123, Germany
| | - Katrin Philippar
- Plant Biology, Center for Human and Molecular Biology (ZHMB), Saarland University, Saarbrücken D-66123, Germany
| | | |
Collapse
|
7
|
Böde K, Javornik U, Dlouhý O, Zsíros O, Biswas A, Domonkos I, Šket P, Karlický V, Ughy B, Lambrev PH, Špunda V, Plavec J, Garab G. Role of isotropic lipid phase in the fusion of photosystem II membranes. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2024:10.1007/s11120-024-01097-3. [PMID: 38662326 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-024-01097-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2024] [Indexed: 04/26/2024]
Abstract
It has been thoroughly documented, by using 31P-NMR spectroscopy, that plant thylakoid membranes (TMs), in addition to the bilayer (or lamellar, L) phase, contain at least two isotropic (I) lipid phases and an inverted hexagonal (HII) phase. However, our knowledge concerning the structural and functional roles of the non-bilayer phases is still rudimentary. The objective of the present study is to elucidate the origin of I phases which have been hypothesized to arise, in part, from the fusion of TMs (Garab et al. 2022 Progr Lipid Res 101,163). We take advantage of the selectivity of wheat germ lipase (WGL) in eliminating the I phases of TMs (Dlouhý et al. 2022 Cells 11: 2681), and the tendency of the so-called BBY particles, stacked photosystem II (PSII) enriched membrane pairs of 300-500 nm in diameter, to form large laterally fused sheets (Dunahay et al. 1984 BBA 764: 179). Our 31P-NMR spectroscopy data show that BBY membranes contain L and I phases. Similar to TMs, WGL selectively eliminated the I phases, which at the same time exerted no effect on the molecular organization and functional activity of PSII membranes. As revealed by sucrose-density centrifugation, magnetic linear dichroism spectroscopy and scanning electron microscopy, WGL disassembled the large laterally fused sheets. These data provide direct experimental evidence on the involvement of I phase(s) in the fusion of stacked PSII membrane pairs, and strongly suggest the role of non-bilayer lipids in the self-assembly of the TM system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kinga Böde
- Institute of Plant Biology, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Biology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Uroš Javornik
- Slovenian NMR Center, National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Ondřej Dlouhý
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
| | - Ottó Zsíros
- Institute of Plant Biology, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Avratanu Biswas
- Institute of Plant Biology, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
- Doctoral School of Biology, University of Szeged, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Ildikó Domonkos
- Institute of Plant Biology, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Primož Šket
- Slovenian NMR Center, National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Václav Karlický
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Bettina Ughy
- Institute of Plant Biology, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Petar H Lambrev
- Institute of Plant Biology, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary
| | - Vladimír Špunda
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic
- Global Change Research Institute of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Janez Plavec
- Slovenian NMR Center, National Institute of Chemistry, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
- EN-FIST Center of Excellence, Ljubljana, Slovenia
| | - Győző Garab
- Institute of Plant Biology, HUN-REN Biological Research Centre, Szeged, Hungary.
- Department of Physics, Faculty of Science, University of Ostrava, Ostrava, Czech Republic.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Suvannapruk W, Fisher LE, Luckett JC, Edney MK, Kotowska AM, Kim D, Scurr DJ, Ghaemmaghami AM, Alexander MR. Spatially Resolved Molecular Analysis of Host Response to Medical Device Implantation Using the 3D OrbiSIMS Highlights a Critical Role for Lipids. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2024; 11:e2306000. [PMID: 38356246 PMCID: PMC11022720 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202306000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2023] [Revised: 01/18/2024] [Indexed: 02/16/2024]
Abstract
A key goal for implanted medical devices is that they do not elicit a detrimental immune response. Macrophages play critical roles in the modulation of the host immune response and are the cells responsible for persistent inflammatory reactions to implanted biomaterials. Two novel immune-instructive polymers that stimulate pro- or anti-inflammatory responses from macrophages in vitro are investigated. These also modulate in vivo foreign body responses (FBR) when implanted subcutaneously in mice. Immunofluorescent staining of tissue abutting the polymer reveals responses consistent with pro- or anti-inflammatory responses previously described for these polymers. Three Dimensional OrbiTrap Secondary Ion Mass Spectrometry (3D OrbiSIMS) analysis to spatially characterize the metabolites in the tissue surrounding the implant, providing molecular histology insight into the metabolite response in the host is applied. For the pro-inflammatory polymer, monoacylglycerols (MG) and diacylglycerols (DG) are observed at increased intensity, while for the anti-inflammatory coating, the number of phospholipid species detected decreased, and pyridine and pyrimidine levels are elevated. Small molecule signatures from single-cell studies of M2 macrophages in vitro correlate with the in vivo observations, suggesting potential for prediction. Metabolite characterization by the 3D OrbiSIMS is shown to provide insight into the mechanism of bio-instructive materials as medical devices and to inform on the FBR to biomaterials.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Waraporn Suvannapruk
- Advanced Materials and Healthcare Technologies DivisionSchool of PharmacyUniversity of NottinghamUniversity Park NottinghamNottinghamNG7 2RDUK
- Present address:
National Metal and Materials Technology Center (MTEC)114 Thailand Science Park, Phahonyothin Road, Khlong Nueng, Khlong LuangPathum Thani12120Thailand
| | - Leanne E Fisher
- Advanced Materials and Healthcare Technologies DivisionSchool of PharmacyUniversity of NottinghamUniversity Park NottinghamNottinghamNG7 2RDUK
| | - Jeni C Luckett
- School of Life SciencesFaculty of Medicine and Health ScienceUniversity of NottinghamUniversity Park NottinghamNottinghamNG7 2RDUK
| | - Max K Edney
- Department of Chemical and Environmental EngineeringFaculty of EngineeringUniversity of NottinghamUniversity Park NottinghamNottinghamNG7 2RDUK
| | - Anna M Kotowska
- Advanced Materials and Healthcare Technologies DivisionSchool of PharmacyUniversity of NottinghamUniversity Park NottinghamNottinghamNG7 2RDUK
| | - Dong‐Hyun Kim
- Advanced Materials and Healthcare Technologies DivisionSchool of PharmacyUniversity of NottinghamUniversity Park NottinghamNottinghamNG7 2RDUK
| | - David J Scurr
- Advanced Materials and Healthcare Technologies DivisionSchool of PharmacyUniversity of NottinghamUniversity Park NottinghamNottinghamNG7 2RDUK
| | - Amir M Ghaemmaghami
- Immunology & Immuno‐bioengineering GroupSchool of Life SciencesFaculty of Medicine and Health SciencesUniversity of NottinghamUniversity Park NottinghamNottinghamNG7 2RDUK
| | - Morgan R Alexander
- Advanced Materials and Healthcare Technologies DivisionSchool of PharmacyUniversity of NottinghamUniversity Park NottinghamNottinghamNG7 2RDUK
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Bange L, Mukhina T, Fragneto G, Rondelli V, Schneck E. Influence of adhesion-promoting glycolipids on the structure and stability of solid-supported lipid double-bilayers. SOFT MATTER 2024; 20:2113-2125. [PMID: 38349522 DOI: 10.1039/d3sm01615c] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/29/2024]
Abstract
Glycolipids have a considerable influence on the interaction between adjacent biomembranes and can promote membrane adhesion trough favorable sugar-sugar "bonds" even at low glycolipid fractions. Here, in order to obtain structural insights into this phenomenon, we utilize neutron reflectometry in combination with a floating lipid bilayer architecture that brings two glycolipid-loaded lipid bilayers to close proximity. We find that selected glycolipids with di-, or oligosaccharide headgroups affect the inter-bilayer water layer thickness and appear to contribute to the stability of the double-bilayer architecture by promoting adhesion of adjacent bilayers even against induced electrostatic repulsion. However, we do not observe any redistribution of glycolipids that would maximize the density of sugar-sugar contacts. Our results point towards possible strategies for the investigation of interactions between cell surfaces involving specific protein-protein, lipid-lipid, or protein-lipid binding.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lukas Bange
- Institute for Condensed Matter Physics, TU Darmstadt, Hochschulstraße 8, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Tetiana Mukhina
- Institute for Condensed Matter Physics, TU Darmstadt, Hochschulstraße 8, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany.
| | - Giovanna Fragneto
- Institut Laue-Langevin, Grenoble, France
- The European Spallation Source, ERIC, Lund, Sweden
| | - Valeria Rondelli
- Department of Medical Biotechnology and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Italy.
| | - Emanuel Schneck
- Institute for Condensed Matter Physics, TU Darmstadt, Hochschulstraße 8, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Li DW, Tan JZ, Li ZF, Ou LJ. Membrane lipid remodeling and autophagy to cope with phosphorus deficiency in the dinoflagellate Prorocentrum shikokuense. CHEMOSPHERE 2024; 349:140844. [PMID: 38042419 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.140844] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Revised: 11/26/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 12/04/2023]
Abstract
Dinoflagellates, which are responsible for more than 80% of harmful algal blooms in coastal waters, are competitive in low-phosphate environments. However, the specific acclimated phosphorus strategies to adapt to phosphorus deficiency in dinoflagellates, particularly through intracellular phosphorus metabolism, remain largely unknown. Comprehensive physiological, biochemical, and transcriptomic analyses were conducted to investigate intracellular phosphorus modulation in a model dinoflagellate, Prorocentrum shikokuense, with a specific focus on membrane lipid remodeling and autophagy in response to phosphorus deficiency. Under phosphorus deficiency, P. shikokuense exhibited a preference to spare phospholipids with nonphospholipids. The major phospholipid classes of phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidylethanolamine decreased in content, whereas the betaine lipid class of diacylglyceryl carboxyhydroxymethylcholine increased in content. Furthermore, under phosphorus deficiency, P. shikokuense induced autophagy as a mechanism to conserve and recycle cellular phosphorus resources. The present study highlights the effective modulation of intracellular phosphorus in P. shikokuense through membrane phospholipid remodeling and autophagy and contributes to a comprehensive understanding of the acclimation strategies to low-phosphorus conditions in dinoflagellates.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Da-Wei Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, and Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jin-Zhou Tan
- College of Life Science and Technology, and Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhuo-Fan Li
- College of Life Science and Technology, and Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin-Jian Ou
- College of Life Science and Technology, and Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China; Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, China.
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Svenning JB, Vasskog T, Campbell K, Bæverud AH, Myhre TN, Dalheim L, Forgereau ZL, Osanen JE, Hansen EH, Bernstein HC. Lipidome Plasticity Enables Unusual Photosynthetic Flexibility in Arctic vs. Temperate Diatoms. Mar Drugs 2024; 22:67. [PMID: 38393038 PMCID: PMC10890139 DOI: 10.3390/md22020067] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2024] [Revised: 01/23/2024] [Accepted: 01/24/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
The diatom lipidome actively regulates photosynthesis and displays a high degree of plasticity in response to a light environment, either directly as structural modifications of thylakoid membranes and protein-pigment complexes, or indirectly via photoprotection mechanisms that dissipate excess light energy. This acclimation is crucial to maintaining primary production in marine systems, particularly in polar environments, due to the large temporal variations in both the intensity and wavelength distributions of downwelling solar irradiance. This study investigated the hypothesis that Arctic marine diatoms uniquely modify their lipidome, including their concentration and type of pigments, in response to wavelength-specific light quality in their environment. We postulate that Arctic-adapted diatoms can adapt to regulate their lipidome to maintain growth in response to the extreme variability in photosynthetically active radiation. This was tested by comparing the untargeted lipidomic profiles, pigmentation, specific growth rates and carbon assimilation of the Arctic diatom Porosira glacialis vs. the temperate species Coscinodiscus radiatus during exponential growth under red, blue and white light. Here, we found that the chromatic wavelength influenced lipidome remodeling and growth in each strain, with P. glacialis showing effective utilization of red light coupled with increased inclusion of primary light-harvesting pigments and polar lipid classes. These results indicate a unique photoadaptation strategy that enables Arctic diatoms like P. glacialis to capitalize on a wide chromatic growth range and demonstrates the importance of active lipid regulation in the Arctic light environment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jon Brage Svenning
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway; (L.D.); (E.H.H.); (H.C.B.)
- SINTEF Nord, Storgata 118, 9008 Tromsø, Norway
| | - Terje Vasskog
- Department of Pharmacy, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway; (T.V.); (A.H.B.); (T.N.M.)
| | - Karley Campbell
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway; (K.C.); (Z.L.F.); (J.E.O.)
| | - Agnethe Hansen Bæverud
- Department of Pharmacy, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway; (T.V.); (A.H.B.); (T.N.M.)
| | - Torbjørn Norberg Myhre
- Department of Pharmacy, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway; (T.V.); (A.H.B.); (T.N.M.)
| | - Lars Dalheim
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway; (L.D.); (E.H.H.); (H.C.B.)
| | - Zoé Lulu Forgereau
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway; (K.C.); (Z.L.F.); (J.E.O.)
| | - Janina Emilia Osanen
- Department of Arctic and Marine Biology, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway; (K.C.); (Z.L.F.); (J.E.O.)
| | - Espen Holst Hansen
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway; (L.D.); (E.H.H.); (H.C.B.)
| | - Hans C. Bernstein
- Norwegian College of Fishery Science, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway; (L.D.); (E.H.H.); (H.C.B.)
- The Arctic Centre for Sustainable Energy—ARC, UiT—The Arctic University of Norway, 9037 Tromsø, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Rocha GS, Melão MGG. Does cobalt antagonize P limitation effects on photosynthetic parameters on the freshwater microalgae Raphidocelis subcapitata (Chlorophyceae), or does P limitation acclimation antagonize cobalt effects? More questions than answers. ENVIRONMENTAL POLLUTION (BARKING, ESSEX : 1987) 2024; 341:122998. [PMID: 37995955 DOI: 10.1016/j.envpol.2023.122998] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/17/2023] [Indexed: 11/25/2023]
Abstract
Phosphorus (P; macronutrient) and cobalt (Co; micronutrient) are essential for algal healthy metabolism. While P provides energy, Co is a co-factor of several enzymes and component of B12 vitamin. However, in concentrations higher or lower than required, P and Co alter algal metabolism, impacting physiological processes (e.g., growth and photosynthesis), usually in a harmful way. In the environment, algae are exposed to multiple stressors simultaneously and studies evaluating the algal response to the combination of macronutrient limitation and micronutrient excess are still scarce. We assessed the effects of P limitation and Co excess, isolated and combined, in Raphidocelis subcapitata (Chlorophyceae), in terms of growth, pigments production, and photosynthetic parameters. Except for the photochemical quenching (qP) and the efficiency in light capture (α) under P limitation, all parameters were affected by both stressors, isolated and combined. Under P limitation, chlorophyll a was the most sensitive parameter; while excess of Co affected most the photoprotective mechanisms of algae, altering the non-photochemical quenchings qN and NPQ, influencing the light use and dissipation of heat by algae. The combination of two stressors resulted in a significant decrease in algal growth, with synergistic responses in growth and pigments production, and antagonism in the photosynthetic parameters. We suggest that algal metabolism was altered during P limitation acclimation and the excess of Co was used in a beneficial way by P-limited algae in photosynthesis, resulting in the well-functioning of the photosynthetic apparatus in the combination of both stressors. However, more studies are needed to understand which mechanisms are involved in this adaptation which resulted in antagonism in photosynthetic processes and synergism in growth and pigments production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Giseli Swerts Rocha
- Universitat Rovira i Virgili, Escola Tècnica Superior d'Enginyeria Química, Departament d'Enginyeria Química, Av. Països Catalans, 26, 43007, Tarragona, Spain.
| | - Maria Graça Gama Melão
- Departamento de Hidrobiologia, Centro de Ciências Biológicas e da Saúde (CCBS), Universidade Federal de São Carlos (UFSCar), Rodovia Washington Luís, Km 235, CEP, 13565-905, São Carlos, SP, Brazil.
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Starikov AY, Sidorov RA, Mironov KS, Los DA. The Specificities of Lysophosphatidic Acid Acyltransferase and Fatty Acid Desaturase Determine the High Content of Myristic and Myristoleic Acids in Cyanobacterium sp. IPPAS B-1200. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:774. [PMID: 38255848 PMCID: PMC10815888 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25020774] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2023] [Revised: 12/31/2023] [Accepted: 01/05/2024] [Indexed: 01/24/2024] Open
Abstract
The cyanobacterial strain Cyanobacterium sp. IPPAS B-1200 isolated from Lake Balkhash is characterized by high relative amounts of myristic (30%) and myristoleic (10%) acids. The remaining fatty acids (FAs) are represented mainly by palmitic (20%) and palmitoleic (40%) acids. We expressed the genes for lysophosphatidic acid acyltransferase (LPAAT; EC 2.3.1.51) and Δ9 fatty acid desaturase (FAD; EC 1.14.19.1) from Cyanobacterium sp. IPPAS B-1200 in Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942, which synthesizes myristic and myristoleic acids at the level of 0.5-1% and produces mainly palmitic (~60%) and palmitoleic (35%) acids. S. elongatus cells that expressed foreign LPAAT synthesized myristic acid at 26%, but did not produce myristoleic acid, suggesting that Δ9-FAD of S. elongatus cannot desaturate FAs with chain lengths less than C16. Synechococcus cells that co-expressed LPAAT and Δ9-FAD of Cyanobacterium synthesized up to 45% palmitoleic and 9% myristoleic acid, suggesting that Δ9-FAD of Cyanobacterium is capable of desaturating saturated acyl chains of any length.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Dmitry A. Los
- K.A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya Street 25, 127276 Moscow, Russia; (A.Y.S.); (R.A.S.); (K.S.M.)
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Huang T, Pan Y, Maréchal E, Hu H. Proteomes reveal the lipid metabolic network in the complex plastid of Phaeodactylum tricornutum. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 117:385-403. [PMID: 37733835 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/12/2023] [Indexed: 09/23/2023]
Abstract
Phaeodactylum tricornutum plastid is surrounded by four membranes, and its protein composition and function remain mysterious. In this study, the P. tricornutum plastid-enriched fraction was obtained and 2850 proteins were identified, including 92 plastid-encoded proteins, through label-free quantitative proteomic technology. Among them, 839 nuclear-encoded proteins were further determined to be plastidial proteins based on the BLAST alignments within Plant Proteome DataBase and subcellular localization prediction, in spite of the strong contamination by mitochondria-encoded proteins and putative plasma membrane proteins. According to our proteomic data, we reconstructed the metabolic pathways and highlighted the hybrid nature of this diatom plastid. Triacylglycerol (TAG) hydrolysis and glycolysis, as well as photosynthesis, glycan metabolism, and tocopherol and triterpene biosynthesis, occur in the plastid. In addition, the synthesis of long-chain acyl-CoAs, elongation, and desaturation of fatty acids (FAs), and synthesis of lipids including TAG are confined in the four-layered-membrane plastid based on the proteomic and GFP-fusion localization data. The whole process of generation of docosahexaenoic acid (22:6) from palmitic acid (16:0), via elongation and desaturation of FAs, occurs in the chloroplast endoplasmic reticulum membrane, the outermost membrane of the plastid. Desaturation that generates 16:4 from 16:0 occurs in the plastid stroma and outer envelope membrane. Quantitative analysis of glycerolipids between whole cells and isolated plastids shows similar composition, and the FA profile of TAG was not different. This study shows that the diatom plastid combines functions usually separated in photosynthetic eukaryotes, and differs from green alga and plant chloroplasts by undertaking the whole process of lipid biosynthesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Teng Huang
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Yufang Pan
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
| | - Eric Maréchal
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire Végétale, Université Grenoble Alpes, CEA, CNRS, INRA, IRIG-LPCV, 38054, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Hanhua Hu
- Key Laboratory of Algal Biology, Institute of Hydrobiology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan, 430072, China
- University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Michaud M. Analysis of a Super-Complex at Contact Sites Between Mitochondria and Plastids. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2776:161-176. [PMID: 38502503 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3726-5_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/21/2024]
Abstract
Plastids are organelles playing fundamental roles in different cellular processes such as energy metabolism or lipid biosynthesis. To fulfill their biogenesis and their function in the cell, plastids have to communicate with other cellular compartments. This communication can be mediated by the establishment of direct contact sites between plastids envelop and other organelles. These contacts are dynamic structures regulated in response to stress. For example, during phosphate (Pi) starvation, the number of contact sites between plastids and mitochondria significantly increases. In this situation, these contacts play an important role in the transfer of galactoglycerolipids from plastids to mitochondria. Recently, Pi starvation stress was used to identify key proteins involved in the traffic of galactoglycerolipids from plastids to mitochondria in Arabidopsis thaliana. A mitochondrial lipoprotein complex called MTL (Mitochondrial Transmembrane Lipoprotein) was identified. This complex contains mitochondrial proteins but also proteins located in the plastid envelope, suggesting its presence at the plastid-mitochondria junction. This chapter describes the protocol to isolate the MTL complex by clear-native polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (CN-PAGE) from the mitochondrial fraction of Arabidopsis cell cultures and the methods to study different features of this complex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Morgane Michaud
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, CNRS, CEA, INRAE, Univ. Grenoble Alpes, IRIG, CEA Grenoble, Grenoble, France.
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Kirchhoff H, Vance L. Evaluation of Lipids for the Study of Photosynthetic Membranes. Methods Mol Biol 2024; 2790:427-438. [PMID: 38649585 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3790-6_23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/25/2024]
Abstract
The biological role of lipids goes far beyond the formation of a structural membrane bilayer platform for membrane proteins and controlling fluxes across the membranes. For example, in photosynthetic thylakoid membranes, lipids occupy well-defined binding niches within protein complexes and determine the structural organization of membrane proteins and their function by controlling generic physicochemical membrane properties. In this chapter, two-dimensional thin-layer chromatography (2D TLC) and gas chromatography (GC) techniques are presented for quantitative analysis of lipid classes and fatty acids in thylakoid membranes. In addition, lipid extraction methods from isolated thylakoid membranes and leaves are described together with a procedure for the derivatization of fatty acids to fatty acid methyl esters (FAME) that is required for GC analysis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Helmut Kirchhoff
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA.
| | - Liam Vance
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Washington State University, Pullman, WA, USA
| |
Collapse
|
17
|
Li J, Wang R, Liu Y, Miao X. Role of ERA protein in enhancing glyceroglycolipid synthesis and phosphate starvation tolerance in Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2024; 1869:159431. [PMID: 37977490 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2023.159431] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/13/2023] [Indexed: 11/19/2023]
Abstract
Glyceroglycolipids are the primary thylakoid membrane lipids in cyanobacteria. Their diverse bioactivities have led to extensive utilization in the biomedical industry. In this study, we elucidated the role of ERA (E. coli Ras-like protein) in augmenting glyceroglycolipid synthesis and bolstering stress resilience in Synechococcus elongatus PCC 7942 during phosphate starvation. Notably, the ERA overexpression strain (ERA OE) outperformed the wild-type (WT) strain under phosphate-starved conditions, displaying an average 13.9 % increase in biomass over WT during the entire growth period, peaking at 0.185 g L-1 of dry cell weight on day 6. Lipidomic analysis using UHPLC-MS/MS techniques revealed that ERA OE exhibited a higher total glyceroglycolipid content compared to WT under phosphate starvation, representing a 7.95 % increase over WT and constituting a maximum of 5.07 % of dry cell weight on day 6. Transcriptomic analysis identified a significant up-regulation of the gldA gene (encoding glycerol dehydrogenase) involved in glycerolipid metabolism due to overexpression of ERA during phosphate starvation. These findings suggest a potential mechanism by which ERA regulates glyceroglycolipid synthesis through the up-regulation of GldA, thereby enhancing phosphate starvation tolerance in S. elongatus PCC 7942. Furthermore, lipidomic analysis revealed that ERA facilitated the production of glyceroglycolipid molecules containing C16:1 and C18:1 fatty acids. Additionally, ERA redirected lipid flux and promoted glyceroglycolipid accumulation while attenuating triacylglycerol production under phosphate starvation. This study represents the first demonstration of pivotal role of ERA in enhancing glyceroglycolipid synthesis and phosphate starvation tolerance in cyanobacteria, offering new insights into the effective utilization of glyceroglycolipids in various applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Junhao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Biomass Energy Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Rui Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Biomass Energy Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Yuhong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Biomass Energy Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China
| | - Xiaoling Miao
- State Key Laboratory of Microbial Metabolism, School of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Joint International Research Laboratory of Metabolic & Developmental Sciences, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China; Biomass Energy Research Center, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Zhang L, Yuan Q, Hu C, Sun X, Gong Y, Xu N. Characterization of monogalactosyldiacylglycerol synthases in Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis and their potential roles in the fading of the thallus. JOURNAL OF PHYCOLOGY 2023; 59:1258-1271. [PMID: 37688517 DOI: 10.1111/jpy.13384] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 06/24/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 09/11/2023]
Abstract
Membrane lipids play essential roles in regulating physiological properties in higher plants and algae. Monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) is a major thylakoid membrane lipid, and it is an important source of polyunsaturated fatty acids for cells, plays a key role in the biogenesis of plastids, and maintains the function of the photosynthetic machinery. Several studies have indicated that the knockdown of MGDG synthase results in membrane lipid remodeling, albino seedlings, and changes in photosynthetic performance. However, the effects of MGDG synthase (MGD) inhibitors on lipids in macroalgae have not yet been clarified. Here, we characterized the effects of MGD inhibitors (ortho-phenanthroline and N-ethylmaleimide) on the composition of the fatty acids observed in MGDG and digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG) in Gracilariopsis lemaneiformis using electrospray ionization-mass spectrometry. The most abundant MGDG species contained 16:0/18:1 (sn-1/sn-2) fatty acids, and the most dominant DGDG species contained 20:5/16:0 (sn-1/sn-2) fatty acids. Measurements of photosynthetic pigments and photosynthetic parameters revealed that photosynthesis of G. lemaneiformis was impaired. Principal component analysis and Spearman's correlation analysis revealed interactions between specific MGDG structural composition patterns and key metabolites involved in photosynthesis, indicating that 20:4/16:0 (sn-1/sn-2) MGDG and 16:0/18:1 (sn-1/sn-2) MGDG affect the structure and function of phycobilisomes and thus the color of G. lemaneiformis. Three genes (GlMGD1, GlMGD2, and GlMGD3) were cloned and identified. The addition of N-ethylmaleimide to G. lemaneiformis did not affect the abundance of GlMGD mRNA, and the abundance of transcripts was significantly decreased by ortho-phenanthroline.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Li Zhang
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Quan Yuan
- Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Chaoyang Hu
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Xue Sun
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Yifu Gong
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Zhejiang, China
| | - Nianjun Xu
- School of Marine Sciences, Ningbo University, Zhejiang, China
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Huang XL, Zhuang YQ, Xiong YY, Li DW, Ou LJ. Efficient modulation of cellular phosphorus components in response to phosphorus deficiency in the dinoflagellate Karenia mikimotoi. Appl Environ Microbiol 2023; 89:e0086723. [PMID: 37850723 PMCID: PMC10686090 DOI: 10.1128/aem.00867-23] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Accepted: 08/29/2023] [Indexed: 10/19/2023] Open
Abstract
IMPORTANCE Dinoflagellates are the most common phytoplankton group and account for more than 75% of harmful algal blooms in coastal waters. In recent decades, dinoflagellates seem to prevail in phosphate-depleted waters. However, the underlying acclimation mechanisms and competitive strategies of dinoflagellates in response to phosphorus deficiency are poorly understood, especially in terms of intracellular phosphorus modulation and recycling. Here, we focused on the response of intracellular phosphorus metabolism to phosphorus deficiency in the model dinoflagellate Karenia mikimotoi. Our work reveals the strong capability of K. mikimotoi to efficiently regulate intracellular phosphorus resources, particularly through membrane phospholipid remodeling and miRNA regulation of energy metabolism. Our research improved the understanding of intracellular phosphorus metabolism in marine phytoplankton and underscored the advantageous strategies of dinoflagellates in the efficient modulation of internal phosphorus resources to maintain active physiological activity and growth under unsuitable phosphorus conditions, which help them outcompete other species in coastal phosphate-depleted environments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xue-Ling Huang
- College of Life Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yan-Qing Zhuang
- College of Life Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Yue-Yue Xiong
- College of Life Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Da-Wei Li
- College of Life Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Lin-Jian Ou
- College of Life Science and Technology and Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Prevention of Guangdong Higher Education Institute, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
- Southern Marine Science and Engineering Guangdong Laboratory (Zhuhai), Zhuhai, China
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Ezzedine JA, Uwizeye C, Si Larbi G, Villain G, Louwagie M, Schilling M, Hagenmuller P, Gallet B, Stewart A, Petroutsos D, Devime F, Salze P, Liger L, Jouhet J, Dumont M, Ravanel S, Amato A, Valay JG, Jouneau PH, Falconet D, Maréchal E. Adaptive traits of cysts of the snow alga Sanguina nivaloides unveiled by 3D subcellular imaging. Nat Commun 2023; 14:7500. [PMID: 37980360 PMCID: PMC10657455 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-023-43030-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2023] [Accepted: 10/26/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023] Open
Abstract
Sanguina nivaloides is the main alga forming red snowfields in high mountains and Polar Regions. It is non-cultivable. Analysis of environmental samples by X-ray tomography, focused-ion-beam scanning-electron-microscopy, physicochemical and physiological characterization reveal adaptive traits accounting for algal capacity to reside in snow. Cysts populate liquid water at the periphery of ice, are photosynthetically active, can survive for months, and are sensitive to freezing. They harbor a wrinkled plasma membrane expanding the interface with environment. Ionomic analysis supports a cell efflux of K+, and assimilation of phosphorus. Glycerolipidomic analysis confirms a phosphate limitation. The chloroplast contains thylakoids oriented in all directions, fixes carbon in a central pyrenoid and produces starch in peripheral protuberances. Analysis of cells kept in the dark shows that starch is a short-term carbon storage. The biogenesis of cytosolic droplets shows that they are loaded with triacylglycerol and carotenoids for long-term carbon storage and protection against oxidative stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Jade A Ezzedine
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Université Grenoble Alpes; IRIG, CEA-Grenoble, 17 avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Clarisse Uwizeye
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Université Grenoble Alpes; IRIG, CEA-Grenoble, 17 avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Grégory Si Larbi
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Université Grenoble Alpes; IRIG, CEA-Grenoble, 17 avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Gaelle Villain
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Université Grenoble Alpes; IRIG, CEA-Grenoble, 17 avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Mathilde Louwagie
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Université Grenoble Alpes; IRIG, CEA-Grenoble, 17 avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Marion Schilling
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Université Grenoble Alpes; IRIG, CEA-Grenoble, 17 avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Pascal Hagenmuller
- Centre d'Etudes de la Neige, Université Grenoble Alpes, Université de Toulouse, Météo-France, CNRS, CNRM, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Benoît Gallet
- Institut de Biologie Structurale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Université Grenoble Alpes, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives; IRIG, 71 avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Adeline Stewart
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Université Grenoble Alpes; IRIG, CEA-Grenoble, 17 avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Dimitris Petroutsos
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Université Grenoble Alpes; IRIG, CEA-Grenoble, 17 avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Fabienne Devime
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Université Grenoble Alpes; IRIG, CEA-Grenoble, 17 avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Pascal Salze
- Jardin du Lautaret, Université Grenoble-Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; 2233 rue de la piscine, Domaine Universitaire, 38610, Gières, France
| | - Lucie Liger
- Jardin du Lautaret, Université Grenoble-Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; 2233 rue de la piscine, Domaine Universitaire, 38610, Gières, France
| | - Juliette Jouhet
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Université Grenoble Alpes; IRIG, CEA-Grenoble, 17 avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Marie Dumont
- Centre d'Etudes de la Neige, Université Grenoble Alpes, Université de Toulouse, Météo-France, CNRS, CNRM, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Stéphane Ravanel
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Université Grenoble Alpes; IRIG, CEA-Grenoble, 17 avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Alberto Amato
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Université Grenoble Alpes; IRIG, CEA-Grenoble, 17 avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Jean-Gabriel Valay
- Jardin du Lautaret, Université Grenoble-Alpes, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique; 2233 rue de la piscine, Domaine Universitaire, 38610, Gières, France
| | - Pierre-Henri Jouneau
- Laboratoire Modélisation et Exploration des Matériaux, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Université Grenoble Alpes; IRIG, CEA-Grenoble, 17 avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Denis Falconet
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Université Grenoble Alpes; IRIG, CEA-Grenoble, 17 avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France
| | - Eric Maréchal
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique, Institut National de Recherche pour l'Agriculture, l'Alimentation et l'Environnement, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, Université Grenoble Alpes; IRIG, CEA-Grenoble, 17 avenue des Martyrs, 38000, Grenoble, France.
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Chen D, Li D, Li Z, Song Y, Li Q, Wang L, Zhou D, Xie F, Li Y. Legume nodulation and nitrogen fixation require interaction of DnaJ-like protein and lipid transfer protein. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2023; 193:2164-2179. [PMID: 37610417 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiad437] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2023] [Accepted: 06/11/2023] [Indexed: 08/24/2023]
Abstract
The lipid transport protein (LTP) product of the AsE246 gene of Chinese milk vetch (Astragalus sinicus) contributes to the transport of plant-synthesized lipids to the symbiosome membranes (SMs) that are required for nodule organogenesis in this legume. However, the mechanisms used by nodule-specific LTPs remain unknown. In this study, a functional protein in the DnaJ-like family, designated AsDJL1, was identified and shown to interact with AsE246. Immunofluorescence showed that AsDJL1 was expressed in infection threads (ITs) and in nodule cells and that it co-localized with rhizobium, and an immunoelectron microscopy assay localized the protein to SMs. Via co-transformation into Nicotiana benthamiana cells, AsDJL1 and AsE246 displayed subcellular co-localization in the cells of this heterologous host. Co-immunoprecipitation assays confirmed that AsDJL1 interacted with AsE246 in nodules. The essential interacting region of AsDJL1 was determined to be the zinc finger domain at its C-terminus. Chinese milk vetch plants transfected with AsDJL1-RNAi had significantly decreased numbers of ITs, nodule primordia and nodules as well as reduced (by 83%) nodule nitrogenase activity compared with the controls. By contrast, AsDJL1 overexpression led to increased nodule fresh weight and nitrogenase activity. RNAi-AsDJL1 also significantly affected the abundance of lipids, especially digalactosyldiacylglycerol, in early-infected roots and transgenic nodules. Taken together, the results of this study provide insights into the symbiotic functions of AsDJL1, which may participate in lipid transport to SMs and play an essential role in rhizobial infection and nodule organogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dasong Chen
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Dongzhi Li
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Ziqi Li
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Yuting Song
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Qingsong Li
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Lihong Wang
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Donglai Zhou
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Fuli Xie
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Youguo Li
- National Key Laboratory of Agricultural Microbiology, College of Life Science and Technology, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan 430070, China
| |
Collapse
|
22
|
Frick K, Ebbing T, Yeh Y, Schmid‐Staiger U, Tovar GEM. Influence of light conditions on the production of chrysolaminarin using Phaeodactylum tricornutum in artificially illuminated photobioreactors. Microbiologyopen 2023; 12:e1378. [PMID: 37877659 PMCID: PMC10505944 DOI: 10.1002/mbo3.1378] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2023] [Revised: 08/15/2023] [Accepted: 08/31/2023] [Indexed: 10/26/2023] Open
Abstract
The light conditions are of utmost importance in any microalgae production process especially involving artificial illumination. This also applies to a chrysolaminarin (soluble 1,3-β-glucan) production process using the diatom Phaeodactylum tricornutum. Here we examine the influence of the amount of light per gram biomass (specific light availability) and the influence of two different biomass densities (at the same amount of light per gram biomass) on the accumulation of the storage product chrysolaminarin during nitrogen depletion in artificially illuminated flat-panel airlift photobioreactors. Besides chrysolaminarin, other compounds (fucoxanthin, fatty acids used for energy storage [C16 fatty acids], and eicosapentaenoic acid) are regarded as well. Our results show that the time course of C-allocation between chrysolaminarin and fatty acids, serving as storage compounds, is influenced by specific light availability and cell concentration. Furthermore, our findings demonstrate that with increasing specific light availability, the maximal chrysolaminarin content increases. However, this effect is limited. Beyond a certain specific light availability (here: 5 µmolphotons gDW -1 s-1 ) the maximal chrysolaminarin content no longer increases, but the rate of increase becomes faster. Furthermore, the conversion of light to chrysolaminarin is best at the beginning of nitrogen depletion. Additionally, our results show that a high biomass concentration has a negative effect on the maximal chrysolaminarin content, most likely due to the occurring self-shading effects.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Konstantin Frick
- Institute of Interfacial Process Engineering and Plasma Technology, Bioprocess EngineeringUniversity of StuttgartStuttgartGermany
- Industrial BiotechnologyFraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGBStuttgartGermany
| | - Tobias Ebbing
- Institute of Interfacial Process Engineering and Plasma Technology, Bioprocess EngineeringUniversity of StuttgartStuttgartGermany
- Industrial BiotechnologyFraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGBStuttgartGermany
| | - Yen‐Cheng Yeh
- Industrial BiotechnologyFraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGBStuttgartGermany
| | - Ulrike Schmid‐Staiger
- Industrial BiotechnologyFraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGBStuttgartGermany
| | - Günter E. M. Tovar
- Institute of Interfacial Process Engineering and Plasma Technology, Bioprocess EngineeringUniversity of StuttgartStuttgartGermany
- Industrial BiotechnologyFraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGBStuttgartGermany
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Sikorskaya TV. Coral Lipidome: Molecular Species of Phospholipids, Glycolipids, Betaine Lipids, and Sphingophosphonolipids. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:335. [PMID: 37367660 DOI: 10.3390/md21060335] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2023] [Revised: 05/28/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/28/2023] Open
Abstract
Coral reefs are the most biodiversity-rich ecosystems in the world's oceans. Coral establishes complex interactions with various microorganisms that constitute an important part of the coral holobiont. The best-known coral endosymbionts are Symbiodiniaceae dinoflagellates. Each member of the coral microbiome contributes to its total lipidome, which integrates many molecular species. The present study summarizes available information on the molecular species of the plasma membrane lipids of the coral host and its dinoflagellates (phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylserine (PS), phosphatidylinositol (PI), ceramideaminoethylphosphonate, and diacylglyceryl-3-O-carboxyhydroxymethylcholine), and the thylakoid membrane lipids of dinoflagellates (phosphatidylglycerol (PG) and glycolipids). Alkyl chains of PC and PE molecular species differ between tropical and cold-water coral species, and features of their acyl chains depend on the coral's taxonomic position. PS and PI structural features are associated with the presence of an exoskeleton in the corals. The dinoflagellate thermosensitivity affects the profiles of PG and glycolipid molecular species, which can be modified by the coral host. Coral microbiome members, such as bacteria and fungi, can also be the source of the alkyl and acyl chains of coral membrane lipids. The lipidomics approach, providing broader and more detailed information about coral lipid composition, opens up new opportunities in the study of biochemistry and ecology of corals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tatyana V Sikorskaya
- A.V. Zhirmunsky National Scientific Center of Marine Biology, Far Eastern Branch, Russian Academy of Sciences, ul. Palchevskogo 17, 690041 Vladivostok, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Plastid Phosphatidylglycerol Homeostasis Is Required for Plant Growth and Metabolism in Arabidopsis thaliana. Metabolites 2023; 13:metabo13030318. [PMID: 36984758 PMCID: PMC10058643 DOI: 10.3390/metabo13030318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 01/14/2023] [Accepted: 02/14/2023] [Indexed: 02/24/2023] Open
Abstract
A unique feature of plastid phosphatidylglycerol (PG) is a trans-double bond specifically at the sn-2 position of 16C fatty acid (16:1t- PG), which is catalyzed by FATTY ACID DESATURASE 4 (FAD4). To offer additional insights about the in vivo roles of FAD4 and its product 16:1t-PG, FAD4 overexpression lines (OX-FAD4s) were generated in Arabidopsis thaliana Columbia ecotype. When grown under continuous light condition, the fad4-2 and OX-FAD4s plants exhibited higher growth rates compared to WT control. Total lipids were isolated from Col, fad4-2, and OX-FAD4_2 plants, and polar lipids quantified by lipidomic profiling. We found that disrupting FAD4 expression altered prokaryotic and eukaryotic PG content and composition. Prokaryotic and eukaryotic monogalactosyl diacylglycerol (MGDG) was up-regulated in OX-FAD4 plants but not in fad4-2 mutant. We propose that 16:1t-PG homeostasis in plastid envelope membranes may coordinate plant growth and stress response by restricting photoassimilate export from the chloroplast.
Collapse
|
25
|
Semi-Targeted Profiling of the Lipidome Changes Induced by Erysiphe Necator in Disease-Resistant and Vitis vinifera L. Varieties. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24044072. [PMID: 36835477 PMCID: PMC9958630 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24044072] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2023] [Revised: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/15/2023] [Indexed: 02/22/2023] Open
Abstract
The ascomycete Erysiphe necator is a serious pathogen in viticulture. Despite the fact that some grapevine genotypes exhibit mono-locus or pyramided resistance to this fungus, the lipidomics basis of these genotypes' defense mechanisms remains unknown. Lipid molecules have critical functions in plant defenses, acting as structural barriers in the cell wall that limit pathogen access or as signaling molecules after stress responses that may regulate innate plant immunity. To unravel and better understand their involvement in plant defense, we used a novel approach of ultra-high performance liquid chromatography (UHPLC)-MS/MS to study how E. necator infection changes the lipid profile of genotypes with different sources of resistance, including BC4 (Run1), "Kishmish vatkhana" (Ren1), F26P92 (Ren3; Ren9), and "Teroldego" (a susceptible genotype), at 0, 24, and 48 hpi. The lipidome alterations were most visible at 24 hpi for BC4 and F26P92, and at 48 hpi for "Kishmish vatkhana". Among the most abundant lipids in grapevine leaves were the extra-plastidial lipids: glycerophosphocholine (PCs), glycerophosphoethanolamine (PEs) and the signaling lipids: glycerophosphates (Pas) and glycerophosphoinositols (PIs), followed by the plastid lipids: glycerophosphoglycerols (PGs), monogalactosyldiacylglycerols (MGDGs), and digalactosyldiacylglycerols (DGDGs) and, in lower amounts lyso-glycerophosphocholines (LPCs), lyso-glycerophosphoglycerols (LPGs), lyso-glycerophosphoinositols (LPIs), and lyso-glycerophosphoethanolamine (LPEs). Furthermore, the three resistant genotypes had the most prevalent down-accumulated lipid classes, while the susceptible genotype had the most prevalent up-accumulated lipid classes.
Collapse
|
26
|
Montuori E, Martinez KA, De Luca D, Ianora A, Lauritano C. Transcriptome Sequencing of the Diatom Asterionellopsis thurstonii and In Silico Identification of Enzymes Potentially Involved in the Synthesis of Bioactive Molecules. Mar Drugs 2023; 21:md21020126. [PMID: 36827167 PMCID: PMC9959416 DOI: 10.3390/md21020126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/12/2022] [Revised: 02/09/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 02/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Microalgae produce a plethora of primary and secondary metabolites with possible applications in several market sectors, including cosmetics, human nutrition, aquaculture, biodiesel production and treatment/prevention of human diseases. Diatoms, in particular, are the most diversified microalgal group, many species of which are known to have anti-cancer, anti-oxidant, anti-diabetes, anti-inflammatory and immunomodulatory properties. Compounds responsible for these activities are often still unknown. The aim of this study was to de novo sequence the full transcriptome of two strains of the diatom Asterionellopsis thurstonii, sampled from two different locations and cultured in both control and phosphate starvation conditions. We used an RNA-sequencing approach to in silico identify transcripts potentially involved in the synthesis/degradation of compounds with anti-cancer and immunomodulatory properties. We identified transcript coding for L-asparaginase I, polyketide cyclase/dehydrase, bifunctional polyketide phosphatase/kinase, 1-deoxy-D-xylulose-5-phosphate synthase (fragment), inositol polyphosphate 5-phosphatase INPP5B/F, catechol O-Methyltransferase, digalactosyldiacylglycerol synthase (DGD1), 1,2-diacylglycerol-3-beta-galactosyltransferase and glycerolphosphodiester phosphodiesterase. Differential expression analysis also allowed to identify in which culturing condition these enzymes are more expressed. Overall, these data give new insights on the annotation of diatom genes, enzymatic pathways involved in the generation of bioactive molecules and possible exploitation of Asterionellopsis thurstonii.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eleonora Montuori
- Department of Chemical, Biological, Pharmaceutical and Environmental Sciences, University of Messina, Viale F. Stagno d’Alcontres 31, 98166 Messina, Italy
- Ecosustainable Marine Biotechnology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Via Acton 55, 80133 Naples, Italy
| | - Kevin A. Martinez
- Ecosustainable Marine Biotechnology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Via Acton 55, 80133 Naples, Italy
| | - Daniele De Luca
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Via Foria 223, 80139 Naples, Italy
| | - Adrianna Ianora
- Ecosustainable Marine Biotechnology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Via Acton 55, 80133 Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Lauritano
- Ecosustainable Marine Biotechnology Department, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Via Acton 55, 80133 Naples, Italy
- Correspondence: author:
| |
Collapse
|
27
|
Zhu F, Sun Y, Jadhav SS, Cheng Y, Alseekh S, Fernie AR. The Plant Metabolic Changes and the Physiological and Signaling Functions in the Responses to Abiotic Stress. Methods Mol Biol 2023; 2642:129-150. [PMID: 36944876 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-3044-0_7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 03/23/2023]
Abstract
Global climate change has altered, and will further alter, rainfall patterns and temperatures likely causing more frequent drought and heat waves, which will consequently exacerbate abiotic stresses of plants and significantly decrease the yield and quality of crops. On the one hand, the global demand for food is ever-increasing owing to the rapid increase of the human population. On the other hand, metabolic responses are one of the most important mechanisms by which plants adapt to and survive to abiotic stresses. Here we therefore summarize recent progresses including the plant primary and secondary metabolic responses to abiotic stresses and their function in plant resistance acting as antioxidants, osmoregulatory, and signaling factors, which enrich our knowledge concerning commonalities of plant metabolic responses to abiotic stresses, including their involvement in signaling processes. Finally, we discuss potential methods of metabolic fortification of crops in order to improve their abiotic stress tolerance.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Feng Zhu
- National R&D Center for Citrus Preservation, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Yuming Sun
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory for the Research and Utilization of Plant Resources, Institute of Botany, Jiangsu Province and Chinese Academy of Sciences, Nanjing, China
| | - Sagar Sudam Jadhav
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
| | - Yunjiang Cheng
- National R&D Center for Citrus Preservation, Key Laboratory of Horticultural Plant Biology, Ministry of Education, Huazhong Agricultural University, Wuhan, China
| | - Saleh Alseekh
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria
| | - Alisdair R Fernie
- Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, Potsdam-Golm, Germany.
- Center of Plant Systems Biology and Biotechnology, Plovdiv, Bulgaria.
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Mitochondrial Complex I Disruption Causes Broad Reorchestration of Plant Lipidome Including Chloroplast Lipids. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010453. [PMID: 36613895 PMCID: PMC9820630 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial complex I (CI) plays a crucial role in oxidising NADH generated by the metabolism (including photorespiration) and thereby participates in the mitochondrial electron transfer chain feeding oxidative phosphorylation that generates ATP. However, CI mutations are not lethal in plants and cause moderate phenotypes, and therefore CI mutants are instrumental to examine consequences of mitochondrial homeostasis disturbance on plant cell metabolisms and signalling. To date, the consequences of CI disruption on the lipidome have not been examined. Yet, in principle, mitochondrial dysfunction should impact on lipid synthesis through chloroplasts (via changes in photorespiration, redox homeostasis, and N metabolism) and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) (via perturbed mitochondrion-ER crosstalk). Here, we took advantage of lipidomics technology (by LC-MS), phospholipid quantitation by 31P-NMR, and total lipid quantitation to assess the impact of CI disruption on leaf, pollen, and seed lipids using three well-characterised CI mutants: CMSII in N. sylvestris and both ndufs4 and ndufs8 in Arabidopsis. Our results show multiple changes in cellular lipids, including galactolipids (chloroplastic), sphingolipids, and ceramides (synthesised by ER), suggesting that mitochondrial homeostasis is essential for the regulation of whole cellular lipidome via specific signalling pathways. In particular, the observed modifications in phospholipid and sphingolipid/ceramide molecular species suggest that CI activity controls phosphatidic acid-mediated signalling.
Collapse
|
29
|
Sanchez-Arcos C, Paris D, Mazzella V, Mutalipassi M, Costantini M, Buia MC, von Elert E, Cutignano A, Zupo V. Responses of the Macroalga Ulva prolifera Müller to Ocean Acidification Revealed by Complementary NMR- and MS-Based Omics Approaches. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20120743. [PMID: 36547890 PMCID: PMC9783899 DOI: 10.3390/md20120743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Revised: 11/21/2022] [Accepted: 11/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Ocean acidification (OA) is a dramatic perturbation of seawater environments due to increasing anthropogenic emissions of CO2. Several studies indicated that OA frequently induces marine biota stress and a reduction of biodiversity. Here, we adopted the macroalga Ulva prolifera as a model and applied a complementary multi-omics approach to investigate the metabolic profiles under normal and acidified conditions. Our results show that U. prolifera grows at higher rates in acidified environments. Consistently, we observed lower sucrose and phosphocreatine concentrations in response to a higher demand of energy for growth and a higher availability of essential amino acids, likely related to increased protein biosynthesis. In addition, pathways leading to signaling and deterrent compounds appeared perturbed. Finally, a remarkable shift was observed here for the first time in the fatty acid composition of triglycerides, with a decrease in the relative abundance of PUFAs towards an appreciable increase of palmitic acid, thus suggesting a remodeling in lipid biosynthesis. Overall, our studies revealed modulation of several biosynthetic pathways under OA conditions in which, besides the possible effects on the marine ecosystem, the metabolic changes of the alga should be taken into account considering its potential nutraceutical applications.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Carlos Sanchez-Arcos
- Institute for Zoology, Cologne Biocenter University of Cologne, 50674 Köln, Germany
| | - Debora Paris
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare (ICB), 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
| | - Valerio Mazzella
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Ischia Marine Center, 80077 Ischia, Italy
| | - Mirko Mutalipassi
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Calabria Marine Centre, 87071 Amendolara, Italy
| | - Maria Costantini
- Department of Ecosustainable Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 80121 Napoli, Italy
| | - Maria Cristina Buia
- Department of Integrative Marine Ecology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, Ischia Marine Center, 80077 Ischia, Italy
| | - Eric von Elert
- Institute for Zoology, Cologne Biocenter University of Cologne, 50674 Köln, Germany
| | - Adele Cutignano
- Consiglio Nazionale delle Ricerche (CNR), Istituto di Chimica Biomolecolare (ICB), 80078 Pozzuoli, Italy
- Department of Ecosustainable Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 80121 Napoli, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (V.Z.); Tel.: +39-081-8675313 (A.C.); +39-081-5833503 (V.Z.)
| | - Valerio Zupo
- Department of Ecosustainable Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 80077 Ischia, Italy
- Correspondence: (A.C.); (V.Z.); Tel.: +39-081-8675313 (A.C.); +39-081-5833503 (V.Z.)
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Zhou Z, Chen M, Wu Q, Zeng W, Chen Z, Sun W. Combined analysis of lipidomics and transcriptomics revealed the key pathways and genes of lipids in light-sensitive albino tea plant ( Camellia sinensis cv. Baijiguan). FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:1035119. [PMID: 36330254 PMCID: PMC9623167 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.1035119] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2022] [Accepted: 09/27/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Currently, the mechanism by which light-sensitive albino tea plants respond to light to regulate pigment synthesis has been only partially elucidated. However, few studies have focused on the role of lipid metabolism in the whitening of tea leaves. Therefore, in our study, the leaves of the Baijiguan (BJG) tea tree under shade and light restoration conditions were analyzed by a combination of lipidomics and transcriptomics. The leaf color of BJG was regulated by light intensity and responded to light changes in light by altering the contents and proportions of lipids. According to the correlation analysis, we found three key lipid components that were significantly associated with the chlorophyll SPAD value, namely, MGDG (36:6), DGDG (36:6) and DGDG (34:3). Further weighted gene coexpression network analysis (WGCNA) showed that HY5 TF and GLIP genes may be hub genes involved lipid regulation in albino tea leaves. Our results lay a foundation for further exploration of the color changes in albino tea leaves.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhe Zhou
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Mingjie Chen
- College of Life Science, Xinyang Normal University, Xinyang, China
| | - Quanjin Wu
- Department of Finance and Management, The Open University of Fujian, Fuzhou, China
| | - Wen Zeng
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| | - Zhidan Chen
- Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Anxi College of Tea Science, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Quanzhou, China
| | - Weijiang Sun
- College of Horticulture, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
- Ministerial and Provincial Joint Innovation Centre for Safety Production of Cross-Strait Crops, Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University, Fuzhou, China
| |
Collapse
|
31
|
Rozentsvet O, Shuyskaya E, Bogdanova E, Nesterov V, Ivanova L. Effect of Salinity on Leaf Functional Traits and Chloroplast Lipids Composition in Two C 3 and C 4 Chenopodiaceae Halophytes. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2022; 11:2461. [PMID: 36235330 PMCID: PMC9572261 DOI: 10.3390/plants11192461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/21/2022] [Revised: 09/16/2022] [Accepted: 09/16/2022] [Indexed: 06/16/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress is one of the most common abiotic kinds of stress. Understanding the key mechanisms of salt tolerance in plants involves the study of halophytes. The effect of salinity was studied in two halophytic annuals of Chenopodiaceae Salicornia perennans Willd. and Climacoptera crassa (Bied.) Botsch. These species are plants with C3 and C4-metabolism, respectively. We performed a comprehensive analysis of the photosynthetic apparatus of these halophyte species at different levels of integration. The C3 species S. perennans showed larger variation in leaf functional traits-both at the level of cell morphology and membrane system (chloroplast envelope and thylakoid). S. perennans also had larger photosynthetic cells, by 10-15 times, and more effective mechanisms of osmoregulation and protecting cells against the toxic effect of Na+. Salinity caused changes in photosynthetic tissues of C. crassa such as an increase of the mesophyll cell surface, the expansion of the interface area between mesophyll and bundle sheath cells, and an increase of the volume of the latter. These functional changes compensated for scarce CO2 supply when salinity increased. Overall, we concluded that these C3 and C4 Chenopodiaceae species demonstrated different responses to salinity, both at the cellular and subcellular levels.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Olga Rozentsvet
- Samara Federal Research Scientific Center Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Ecology of Volga River Basin, Russian Academy of Sciences, 445003 Togliatti, Russia
| | - Elena Shuyskaya
- K. A. Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, 127276 Moscow, Russia
| | - Elena Bogdanova
- Samara Federal Research Scientific Center Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Ecology of Volga River Basin, Russian Academy of Sciences, 445003 Togliatti, Russia
| | - Viktor Nesterov
- Samara Federal Research Scientific Center Russian Academy of Sciences, Institute of Ecology of Volga River Basin, Russian Academy of Sciences, 445003 Togliatti, Russia
| | - Larisa Ivanova
- The Institute of Environmental and Agricultural Biology (X-BIO), Tyumen State University, 625003 Tyumen, Russia
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Structure of cyanobacterial photosystem I complexed with ferredoxin at 1.97 Å resolution. Commun Biol 2022; 5:951. [PMID: 36097054 PMCID: PMC9467995 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-022-03926-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/13/2022] [Accepted: 08/30/2022] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Photosystem I (PSI) is a light driven electron pump transferring electrons from Cytochrome c6 (Cyt c6) to Ferredoxin (Fd). An understanding of this electron transfer process is hampered by a paucity of structural detail concerning PSI:Fd interface and the possible binding sites of Cyt c6. Here we describe the high resolution cryo-EM structure of Thermosynechococcus elongatus BP-1 PSI in complex with Fd and a loosely bound Cyt c6. Side chain interactions at the PSI:Fd interface including bridging water molecules are visualized in detail. The structure explains the properties of mutants of PsaE and PsaC that affect kinetics of Fd binding and suggests a molecular switch for the dissociation of Fd upon reduction. Calorimetry-based thermodynamic analyses confirms a single binding site for Fd and demonstrates that PSI:Fd complexation is purely driven by entropy. A possible reaction cycle for the efficient transfer of electrons from Cyt c6 to Fd via PSI is proposed. In order to aid the understanding of the electron transfer process within the cyanobacterial photosystem I, its structure - when complexed with Ferredoxin - is determined at 1.97 Å resolution.
Collapse
|
33
|
Hou L, Li S, Zhang F, Gu Y, Li J. Effect of exogenous jasmonic acid on physiology and steroidal saponin accumulation in Dioscorea zingiberensis. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY : PPB 2022; 186:1-10. [PMID: 35792454 DOI: 10.1016/j.plaphy.2022.06.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2022] [Revised: 06/06/2022] [Accepted: 06/24/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Dioscorea zingiberensis is a valuable medicinal herb rich in steroidal saponins. To reveal the role of jasmonic acid (JA) on physiology and steroidal saponins accumulation, D. zingiberensis were treated with different concentrations of JA. The antioxidant capacity, photosynthetic parameters, fatty acids and metabolites related to steroidal saponins biosynthesis (phytosterols, diosgenin and steroidal saponins) were examined under JA treatment. The results demonstrated that JA treatment caused a great reduction in MDA, stomatal width, photosynthetic rate and photosynthetic pigment, induced a considerable increase in proline, soluble sugar, soluble protein and antioxidant enzymes (CAT, POD and SOD), and leaded to a significant up-regulation in the expression of genes related to antioxidant system and chlorophyll degradation. Specialized metabolites displayed various changes under different concentrations of JA. The majority of fatty acids exhibited negative responses to JA treatment in leaf and rhizome. In leaf, JA treatment enhanced the accumulation of phytosterols and diosgenin, but decreased the accumulation of steroidal saponins. However, steroidal saponins were mainly accumulated in rhizome and were highly increased by JA treatment. Redundancy analysis illustrated that fatty acids were strongly associated with metabolites related to steroidal saponins. Among all fatty acids, C16:0, C18:1, C18:3, C22:0 and C24:0 contributed most to the variation in metabolites related to steroidal saponin biosynthesis. Overall, JA treatment leaded to an increase in steroidal saponins, but an inhibition of plant growth. Thus, the negative effects of JA application on plant physiology should be carefully assessed before being utilized to increase the production of steroidal saponins in D. zingiberensis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lixiu Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, PR China
| | - Song Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, PR China
| | - Furui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, PR China
| | - Yongbin Gu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, PR China
| | - Jiaru Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan, 430072, PR China.
| |
Collapse
|
34
|
Structural Entities Associated with Different Lipid Phases of Plant Thylakoid Membranes—Selective Susceptibilities to Different Lipases and Proteases. Cells 2022; 11:cells11172681. [PMID: 36078087 PMCID: PMC9454902 DOI: 10.3390/cells11172681] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Revised: 08/21/2022] [Accepted: 08/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
It is well established that plant thylakoid membranes (TMs), in addition to a bilayer, contain two isotropic lipid phases and an inverted hexagonal (HII) phase. To elucidate the origin of non-bilayer lipid phases, we recorded the 31P-NMR spectra of isolated spinach plastoglobuli and TMs and tested their susceptibilities to lipases and proteases; the structural and functional characteristics of TMs were monitored using biophysical techniques and CN-PAGE. Phospholipase-A1 gradually destroyed all 31P-NMR-detectable lipid phases of isolated TMs, but the weak signal of isolated plastoglobuli was not affected. Parallel with the destabilization of their lamellar phase, TMs lost their impermeability; other effects, mainly on Photosystem-II, lagged behind the destruction of the original phases. Wheat-germ lipase selectively eliminated the isotropic phases but exerted little or no effect on the structural and functional parameters of TMs—indicating that the isotropic phases are located outside the protein-rich regions and might be involved in membrane fusion. Trypsin and Proteinase K selectively suppressed the HII phase—suggesting that a large fraction of TM lipids encapsulate stroma-side proteins or polypeptides. We conclude that—in line with the Dynamic Exchange Model—the non-bilayer lipid phases of TMs are found in subdomains separated from but interconnected with the bilayer accommodating the main components of the photosynthetic machinery.
Collapse
|
35
|
Mukhina T, Brezesinski G, Schneck E. Phase Behavior and Miscibility in Two-Component Glycolipid Monolayers. J Phys Chem B 2022; 126:6464-6471. [PMID: 35976765 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jpcb.2c05016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Glycolipids are known to be involved in the formation of ordered functional domains in biological membranes. Since the structural characterization of such domains is difficult, most studies have so far dealt with lipid mixtures containing only one glycolipid component at a time, although biological membranes usually contain several glycolipid species, which can result in more complex structures and phase behavior. Here, we combine classical isotherm measurements with surface-sensitive grazing-incidence X-ray diffraction to investigate the phase behavior and miscibility in Langmuir monolayers of binary glycolipid mixtures. We find that the phase behavior has a subtle dependence on the saccharide headgroup chemistry. For compatible chemistries, molecular superlattice structures formed by one of the glycolipid species are conserved and can host foreign glycolipids up to a defined stoichiometry. In contrast, for sterically incompatible saccharide chemistries, the superlattice is lost even if both species are able to form such structures in their pure forms. Our results suggest that related phenomena may play important roles also in biological contexts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Tetiana Mukhina
- Institute for Condensed Matter Physics, TU Darmstadt, Hochschulstraße 8, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Gerald Brezesinski
- Institute for Condensed Matter Physics, TU Darmstadt, Hochschulstraße 8, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| | - Emanuel Schneck
- Institute for Condensed Matter Physics, TU Darmstadt, Hochschulstraße 8, 64289 Darmstadt, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
36
|
Yang G, Li S, Li N, Zhang P, Su C, Gong L, Chen B, Qu C, Qi D, Wang T, Jiang J. Enhanced Photocatalytic CO
2
Reduction through Hydrophobic Microenvironment and Binuclear Cobalt Synergistic Effect in Metallogels. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022; 61:e202205585. [DOI: 10.1002/anie.202205585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2022] [Indexed: 11/12/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Gengxiang Yang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China
| | - Senzhi Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China
| | - Ning Li
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China
| | - Pianpian Zhang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China
| | - Chaorui Su
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China
| | - Lei Gong
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China
| | - Baotong Chen
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China
| | - Chen Qu
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China
| | - Dongdong Qi
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China
| | - Tianyu Wang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China
| | - Jianzhuang Jiang
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Materials Genome Engineering Beijing Key Laboratory for Science and Application of Functional Molecular and Crystalline Materials Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering School of Chemistry and Biological Engineering University of Science and Technology Beijing Beijing 100083 China
| |
Collapse
|
37
|
Johnen P, Zimmermann S, Betz M, Hendriks J, Zimmermann A, Marnet M, De I, Zimmermann G, Kibat C, Cornaciu I, Mariaule V, Pica A, Clavel D, Márquez JA, Witschel M. Inhibition of acyl-ACP thioesterase as site of action of the commercial herbicides cumyluron, oxaziclomefone, bromobutide, methyldymron and tebutam. PEST MANAGEMENT SCIENCE 2022; 78:3620-3629. [PMID: 35604014 DOI: 10.1002/ps.7004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/15/2022] [Revised: 05/18/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Understanding the mode and site of action of a herbicide is key for its efficient development, the evaluation of its toxicological risk, efficient weed control and resistance management. Recently, the mode of action (MoA) of the herbicide cinmethylin was identified in lipid biosynthesis with acyl-ACP thioesterase (FAT) as the site of action (SoA). Cinmethylin was registered for selective use in cereal crops for the control of grass weeds in 2020. RESULTS Here, we present a high-resolution co-crystal structure of FAT in complex with cumyluron identified by a high throughput crystallization screen. We show binding to and inhibition of FAT by cumyluron. Furthermore, in an array of experiments consisting of FAT binding assays, FAT inhibition assays, physiological and metabolic profiling, we tested compounds that are structurally related to cumyluron and identified the commercial herbicides oxaziclomefone, methyldymron, tebutam and bromobutide, with so far unknown sites of action, as FAT inhibitors. Additionally, we show that the previously described FAT inhibitors cinmethylin and methiozolin bind to FAT in a nanomolar range, inhibit FAT enzymatic activity and lead to similar metabolic changes. CONCLUSION Based on presented data, we corroborate cinmethylin and methiozolin as potent FAT inhibitors and identify FAT as the SoA of the herbicides cumyluron, oxaziclomefone, bromobutide, methyldymron and tebutam. © 2022 Society of Chemical Industry.
Collapse
|
38
|
Callahan G, Fillier T, Pham TH, Zhu X, Thomas R. The effects of clearcut harvesting on moss chloroplast lipidome and adaptation to light stress during boreal forest regeneration. JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL MANAGEMENT 2022; 315:115126. [PMID: 35526393 DOI: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2022.115126] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2021] [Revised: 04/06/2022] [Accepted: 04/18/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Moss plays an important role in boreal forest ecosystems as an understory bryophyte species. Clearcut harvesting is a common boreal forest regeneration method that can expose understory vegetation to abiotic stressors impeding their recovery following post-harvest conditions. Very little is known concerning how moss remodel their chloroplast lipidome to enhance photosynthetic performance for successful acclimation to light and water stress during boreal forest regeneration following clearcut harvesting. The chloroplast lipidome and photosynthetic performance of Sphagnum sp. and three feathermoss species (Pleurozium schreberi, Hylocomium splendens, and Ptilium crista-castrensis) from a boreal black spruce (Picea mariana) forest were assessed using liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), photospectrometry, and light response curves. We observed an overall increase in monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG) and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol (SQDG) and decrease in digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG) and phosphatidylglycerol (PG). In addition, unsaturation of the chloroplast lipidome occurred concomitant with photoprotection by carotenoid pigments to enhance the efficiency and photosynthetic capacity in moss exposed to light and water stress following clearcut harvesting. This appears to be a successful acclimation strategy used by moss to circumvent light stress during boreal forest regeneration following clearcut harvesting. These findings could be of significance in the development of boreal forest management strategies following resource harvesting.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Grace Callahan
- Environmental Science, Boreal Ecosystem Research Facility, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Grenfell Campus, 20 University Drive, Corner Brook, NL, A2H 5G4, Canada.
| | - Tiffany Fillier
- Environmental Science, Boreal Ecosystem Research Facility, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Grenfell Campus, 20 University Drive, Corner Brook, NL, A2H 5G4, Canada
| | - Thu Huong Pham
- Environmental Science, Boreal Ecosystem Research Facility, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Grenfell Campus, 20 University Drive, Corner Brook, NL, A2H 5G4, Canada
| | - Xinbiao Zhu
- Natural Resources Canada, Canadian Forest Service - Atlantic Forestry Centre, 26 University Drive, Corner Brook, NL, A2H 6J3, Canada
| | - Raymond Thomas
- Environmental Science, Boreal Ecosystem Research Facility, Memorial University of Newfoundland, Grenfell Campus, 20 University Drive, Corner Brook, NL, A2H 5G4, Canada.
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Cheong KY, Jouhet J, Maréchal E, Falkowski PG. The redox state of the plastoquinone (PQ) pool is connected to thylakoid lipid saturation in a marine diatom. PHOTOSYNTHESIS RESEARCH 2022; 153:71-82. [PMID: 35389175 DOI: 10.1007/s11120-022-00914-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/26/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The redox state of the plastoquinone (PQ) pool is a known sensor for retrograde signaling. In this paper, we asked, "does the redox state of the PQ pool modulate the saturation state of thylakoid lipids?" Data from fatty acid composition and mRNA transcript abundance analyses suggest a strong connection between these two aspects in a model marine diatom. Fatty acid profiles of Phaeodactylum tricornutum exhibited specific changes when the redox state of the PQ pool was modulated by light and two chemical inhibitors [3-(3,4-dichlorophenyl)-1,1-dimethylurea (DCMU) or 2,5-dibromo-3-methyl-6-isopropyl-p-benzoquinone (DBMIB)]. Data from liquid chromatography with tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) indicated a ca. 7-20% decrease in the saturation state of all four conserved thylakoid lipids in response to an oxidized PQ pool. The redox signals generated from an oxidized PQ pool in plastids also increased the mRNA transcript abundance of nuclear-encoded C16 fatty acid desaturases (FADs), with peak upregulation on a timescale of 6 to 12 h. The connection between the redox state of the PQ pool and thylakoid lipid saturation suggests a heretofore unrecognized retrograde signaling pathway that couples photosynthetic electron transport and the physical state of thylakoid membrane lipids.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kuan Yu Cheong
- Environmental Biophysics and Molecular Ecology Program, Department of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA
| | - Juliette Jouhet
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Unité Mixte Recherche 5168, Centre National Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, INRAE, Université Grenoble Alpes, 5168, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Eric Maréchal
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, Unité Mixte Recherche 5168, Centre National Recherche Scientifique, Commissariat à l'Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives, INRAE, Université Grenoble Alpes, 5168, Grenoble Cedex 9, France
| | - Paul G Falkowski
- Environmental Biophysics and Molecular Ecology Program, Department of Marine and Coastal Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA.
- Department of Plant Biology, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, New Brunswick, NJ, 08901, USA.
- Department of Earth and Planetary Sciences, Rutgers, The State University of New Jersey, Piscataway, NJ, 08854, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Coral Holobionts Possess Distinct Lipid Profiles That May Be Shaped by Symbiodiniaceae Taxonomy. Mar Drugs 2022; 20:md20080485. [PMID: 36005488 PMCID: PMC9410212 DOI: 10.3390/md20080485] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/25/2022] [Indexed: 11/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Symbiotic relationships are very important for corals. Abiotic stressors cause the acclimatization of cell membranes in symbionts, which possess different membrane acclimatization strategies. Membrane stability is determined by a unique lipid composition and, thus, the profile of thylakoid lipids can depend on coral symbiont species. We have analyzed and compared thylakoid lipidomes (mono- and digalactosyldiacylglycerols (MGDG and DGDG), sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerols (SQDG), and phosphatidylglycerols (PG)) of crude extracts from symbiotic reef-building coral Acropora sp., the hydrocoral Millepora platyphylla, and the octocoral Sinularia flexibilis. S. flexibilis crude extracts were characterized by a very high SQDG/PG ratio, a DGDG/MGDG ratio < 1, a lower degree of galactolipid unsaturation, a higher content of SQDG with polyunsaturated fatty acids, and a thinner thylakoid membrane which may be explained by the presence of thermosensitive dinoflagellates Cladocopium C3. In contrast, crude extracts of M. platyphylla and Acropora sp. exhibited the lipidome features of thermotolerant Symbiodiniaceae. M. platyphylla and Acropora sp. colonies contained Cladocopium C3u and Cladocopium C71/C71a symbionts, respectively, and their lipidome profiles showed features that indicate thermotolerance. We suggest that an association with symbionts that exhibit the thermotolerant thylakoid lipidome features, combined with a high Symbiodiniaceae diversity, may facilitate further acclimatization/adaptation of M. platyphylla and Acropora sp. holobionts in the South China Sea.
Collapse
|
41
|
Flanjak L, Vrana I, Cvitešić Kušan A, Godrijan J, Novak T, Penezić A, Gašparović B. Effects of high temperature and nitrogen availability on the growth and composition of the marine diatom Chaetoceros pseudocurvisetus. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:4250-4265. [PMID: 35383849 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erac145] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 04/04/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
The assimilation of inorganic nutrients by phytoplankton strongly depends on environmental conditions such as the availability of nitrogen and temperature, especially warming. The acclimation or adaptation of different species to such changes remains poorly understood. Here, we used a multimethod approach to study the viability and physiological and biochemical responses of the marine diatom Chaetoceros pseudocurvisetus to different temperatures (15, 25, and 30 °C) and different N:P ratios. Nitrogen limitation had a greater effect than high temperature on cell growth and reproduction, leading to a marked elongation of setae, decreased phosphorus assimilation, increased lipid accumulation, and decreased protein synthesis. The elongation of setae observed under these conditions may serve to increase the surface area available for the uptake of inorganic and/or organic nitrogen. In contrast, high temperatures (30 °C) had a stronger effect than nitrogen deficiency on cell death, nitrogen assimilation, chlorophyll a accumulation, the cessation of setae formation, and cell lipid remodelling. Significant changes in thylakoid lipids were observed in cells maintained at 30 °C, with increased levels of digalactosyldiacylglycerol and sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol. These changes may be explained by the role of galactolipids in thylakoid membrane stabilization during heat stress.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Lana Flanjak
- Department of Chemistry and Bioscience, Aalborg University, Fredrik Bajers Vej 7H, 9220 Aalborg, Denmark
| | - Ivna Vrana
- Laboratory for Marine and Atmospheric Biogeochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Ana Cvitešić Kušan
- Laboratory for Marine and Atmospheric Biogeochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Jelena Godrijan
- Laboratory for Marine and Atmospheric Biogeochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Tihana Novak
- Laboratory for Marine and Atmospheric Biogeochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Abra Penezić
- Laboratory for Marine and Atmospheric Biogeochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Blaženka Gašparović
- Laboratory for Marine and Atmospheric Biogeochemistry, Ruđer Bošković Institute, Bijenička cesta 54, 10000 Zagreb, Croatia
| |
Collapse
|
42
|
Wang M, Zhu Q, Li X, Hu J, Song F, Liang W, Ma X, Wang L, Liang W. Effect of Drought Stress on Degradation and Remodeling of Membrane Lipids in Nostoc flagelliforme. Foods 2022; 11:foods11121798. [PMID: 35741996 PMCID: PMC9222375 DOI: 10.3390/foods11121798] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/14/2022] [Revised: 06/09/2022] [Accepted: 06/16/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Nostoc flagelliforme is a kind of terrestrial edible cyanobacteria with important ecological and economic value which has developed special mechanisms to adapt to drought conditions. However, the specific mechanism of lipidome changes in drought tolerance of N. flagelliforme has not been well understood. In this study, the ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography and mass spectrometry were employed to analyze the lipidome changes of N. flagelliforme under dehydration. A total of 853 lipid molecules were identified, of which 171 were significantly different from that of the control group. The digalactosyldiacylglycerol/monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG/MGDG) ratio was increased. The amount of wax ester (WE) was sharply decreased during drought stress, while Co (Q10) was accumulated. The levels of odd chain fatty acids (OCFAs) were increased under dehydration, positively responding to drought stress according to the energy metabolism state. In conclusion, the lipidomic data corroborated that oxidation, degradation, and biosynthesis of membrane lipids took place during lipid metabolism, which can respond to drought stress through the transformation of energy and substances. Besides, we constructed a lipid metabolic model demonstrating the regulatory mechanism of drought stress in N. flagelliforme. The present study provides insight into the defense strategies of cyanobacteria in lipid metabolic pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Wenyu Liang
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-0951-206-2810
| |
Collapse
|
43
|
Guo Q, Liu L, Rupasinghe TWT, Roessner U, Barkla BJ. Salt stress alters membrane lipid content and lipid biosynthesis pathways in the plasma membrane and tonoplast. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 189:805-826. [PMID: 35289902 PMCID: PMC9157097 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2021] [Accepted: 02/22/2022] [Indexed: 05/25/2023]
Abstract
Plant cell membranes are the sites of sensing and initiation of rapid responses to changing environmental factors including salinity stress. Understanding the mechanisms involved in membrane remodeling is important for studying salt tolerance in plants. This task remains challenging in complex tissue due to suboptimal subcellular membrane isolation techniques. Here, we capitalized on the use of a surface charge-based separation method, free flow electrophoresis, to isolate the tonoplast (TP) and plasma membrane (PM) from leaf tissue of the halophyte ice plant (Mesembryanthemum crystallinum L.). Results demonstrated a membrane-specific lipidomic remodeling in this plant under salt conditions, including an increased proportion of bilayer forming lipid phosphatidylcholine in the TP and an increase in nonbilayer forming and negatively charged lipids (phosphatidylethanolamine and phosphatidylserine) in the PM. Quantitative proteomics showed salt-induced changes in proteins involved in fatty acid synthesis and desaturation, glycerolipid, and sterol synthesis, as well as proteins involved in lipid signaling, binding, and trafficking. These results reveal an essential plant mechanism for membrane homeostasis wherein lipidome remodeling in response to salt stress contributes to maintaining the physiological function of individual subcellular compartments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Qi Guo
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia
| | - Lei Liu
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia
| | - Thusitha W T Rupasinghe
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
- Sciex, Mulgrave, VIC 3170, Australia
| | - Ute Roessner
- School of BioSciences, The University of Melbourne, Parkville 3010, Australia
| | - Bronwyn J Barkla
- Faculty of Science and Engineering, Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Lismore, NSW 2480, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
44
|
Akgul R, Morgil H, Kizilkaya IT, Sarayloo E, Cevahir G, Akgul F, Kavakli IH. Transcriptomic and fatty acid analyses of Neochloris aquatica grown under different nitrogen concentration. Funct Integr Genomics 2022; 22:407-421. [PMID: 35286570 DOI: 10.1007/s10142-022-00838-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2021] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
In this study, we characterized the fatty acid production in Neochloris aquatica at transcriptomics and biochemical levels under limiting, normal, and excess nitrate concentrations in different growth phases. At the stationary phase, N. aquatica mainly produced saturated fatty acids such as stearic acid under the limiting nitrate concentration, which is suitable for biodiesel production. However, it produced polyunsaturated fatty acids such as α-linolenic acid under the excess nitrate concentration, which has nutritional values as food supplements. In addition, RNA-seq was employed to identify genes and pathways that were being affected in N. aquatica for three growth phases in the presence of the different nitrate amounts. Genes that are responsible for the production of saturated fatty acids were upregulated in the cells grown under a limiting nitrogen amount while genes that are responsible for the production of polyunsaturated fatty acid were upregulated in the cells grown under excess nitrogen amount. Further analysis showed more genes differentially expressed (DEGs) at the logarithmic phase in all conditions while a relatively steady trend was observed during the transition from the logarithmic phase to the stationary phase under limiting and excess nitrogen. Our results provide a foundation for identifying developmentally important genes and understanding the biological processes in the different growth phases of the N. aquatica in terms of biomass and lipid production.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Riza Akgul
- Burdur Food, Agriculture and Livestock Vocational High School, Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey
| | - Hande Morgil
- Department of Biology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Istanbul University Centre for Plant and Herbal Products Research-Development, 34126, Istanbul, Turkey
| | | | - Ehsan Sarayloo
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, TUPRAS Energy Research Center, Koc University, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Gul Cevahir
- Department of Biology, Istanbul University, Istanbul, Turkey.,Istanbul University Centre for Plant and Herbal Products Research-Development, 34126, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Fusun Akgul
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetic, Faculty of Science and Arts, Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey.
| | - Ibrahim Halil Kavakli
- Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, TUPRAS Energy Research Center, Koc University, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey. .,Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Koc University, Rumelifeneri Yolu, Sariyer, Istanbul, Turkey.
| |
Collapse
|
45
|
Nguan H, Ishak KA, Zahid NI, Martinez-Felipe A, Hashim R, Aripin NFK. Incommensurate lamellar phase from long chain Mannosides: Investigation by X-Ray scattering and replica exchange molecular dynamics (REMD). J Mol Liq 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.molliq.2022.119027] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
|
46
|
Wang T, Yang G, Li S, Li N, Zhang P, Su C, Gong L, Chen B, Qu C, Qi D, Jiang J. Enhanced Photocatalytic CO2 Reduction through Hydrophobic Microenvironment and Binuclear Cobalt Synergistic Effect in Metallogels. Angew Chem Int Ed Engl 2022. [DOI: 10.1002/ange.202205585] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Tianyu Wang
- University of Science and Technology Beijing Department of Chemistry 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District 100083 Beijing CHINA
| | - Gengxiang Yang
- University of Science and Technology Beijing Department of Chemistry 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District 100083 Beijing CHINA
| | - Senzhi Li
- University of Science and Technology Beijing Department of Chemistry 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District 100083 Beijing CHINA
| | - Ning Li
- University of Science and Technology Beijing Department of Chemistry 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District 100083 Beijing CHINA
| | - Pianpian Zhang
- University of Science and Technology Beijing Department of Chemistry 100083 Beijing CHINA
| | - Chaorui Su
- University of Science and Technology Beijing Department of Chemistry 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District 100083 Beijing CHINA
| | - Lei Gong
- University of Science and Technology Beijing Department of Chemistry 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District 100083 Beijing CHINA
| | - Baotong Chen
- University of Science and Technology Beijing Department of Chemistry 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District 100083 Beijing CHINA
| | - Chen Qu
- University of Science and Technology Beijing Department of Chemistry 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District 100083 Beijing CHINA
| | - Dongdong Qi
- University of Science and Technology Beijing Department of Chemistry 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District 100083 Beijing CHINA
| | - Jianzhuang Jiang
- University of Science and Technology Beijing Department of Chemistry 30 Xueyuan Road, Haidian District 100083 Beijing CHINA
| |
Collapse
|
47
|
Guéguen N, Maréchal E. Origin of cyanobacterial thylakoids via a non-vesicular glycolipid phase transition and their impact on the Great Oxygenation Event. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:2721-2734. [PMID: 35560194 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/29/2021] [Accepted: 09/16/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
The appearance of oxygenic photosynthesis in cyanobacteria is a major event in evolution. It had an irreversible impact on the Earth, promoting the Great Oxygenation Event (GOE) ~2.4 billion years ago. Ancient cyanobacteria predating the GOE were Gloeobacter-type cells lacking thylakoids, which hosted photosystems in their cytoplasmic membrane. The driver of the GOE was proposed to be the transition from unicellular to filamentous cyanobacteria. However, the appearance of thylakoids expanded the photosynthetic surface to such an extent that it introduced a multiplier effect, which would be more coherent with an impact on the atmosphere. Primitive thylakoids self-organize as concentric parietal uninterrupted multilayers. There is no robust evidence for an origin of thylakoids via a vesicular-based scenario. This review reports studies supporting that hexagonal II-forming glucolipids and galactolipids at the periphery of the cytosolic membrane could be turned, within nanoseconds and without any external source of energy, into membrane multilayers. Comparison of lipid biosynthetic pathways shows that ancient cyanobacteria contained only one anionic lamellar-forming lipid, phosphatidylglycerol. The acquisition of sulfoquinovosyldiacylglycerol biosynthesis correlates with thylakoid emergence, possibly enabling sufficient provision of anionic lipids to trigger a hexagonal II-to-lamellar phase transition. With this non-vesicular lipid-phase transition, a framework is also available to re-examine the role of companion proteins in thylakoid biogenesis.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nolwenn Guéguen
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale; INRAE, CNRS, CEA, Université Grenoble Alpes; IRIG; CEA Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| | - Eric Maréchal
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale; INRAE, CNRS, CEA, Université Grenoble Alpes; IRIG; CEA Grenoble, 17 rue des Martyrs, 38000 Grenoble, France
| |
Collapse
|
48
|
Wang H, Yang L, Wang X, Cong P, Xu J, Xue C. Comprehensive Lipidomic Analysis of Three Edible Brown Seaweeds Based on Reversed-Phase Liquid Chromatography Coupled with Quadrupole Time-of-Flight Mass Spectrometry. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2022; 70:4138-4151. [PMID: 35343232 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.1c07513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
A comprehensive lipidomic analysis was performed onto three edible brown seaweeds, namely Laminaria japonica, Undaria pinnatifida, and Scagassum natans, using reversed-phase liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole time-of-flight mass spectrometry (RPLC-Q-TOF-MS/MS). In total, 675 lipid molecules, including glycolipids (GLs), phospholipids, sphingolipids (SLs), betaine lipids, and glycerolipids, were identified and semiquantified. With the exception of the high content of diacylglycerols found in L. japonica (54.6% of total lipids), GLs were the dominant component in the three brown seaweeds (27.7-56.7% of total lipids), containing a high proportion of eicosapentaenoic acid. Interestingly, SLs represented by ceramide and hexosylceramide containing phytosphingosine and α-hydroxy fatty acid structures were detected in the three brown seaweeds. A large number of acylated GLs were identified and reported for the first time in these seaweeds, including acylated monogalactosyldiacylglycerol and acylated digalactosyldiacylglycerol containing nonoxidized fatty acids. The bioactive lipids identified herein could be considered potential biomarkers for identifying these seaweeds, evaluating their nutritional value and further promoting their utilization.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Haitang Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5, Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China
| | - Lu Yang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5, Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China
| | - Xincen Wang
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5, Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China
| | - Peixu Cong
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5, Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China
| | - Jie Xu
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5, Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China
| | - Changhu Xue
- College of Food Science and Engineering, Ocean University of China, No. 5, Yushan Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266003, China
- Laboratory of Marine Drugs and Biological Products, Pilot National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology (Qingdao), No. 1, Wenhai Road, Qingdao, Shandong Province 266237, China
| |
Collapse
|
49
|
Structural and functional roles of non-bilayer lipid phases of chloroplast thylakoid membranes and mitochondrial inner membranes. Prog Lipid Res 2022; 86:101163. [DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2022.101163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2021] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 03/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
|
50
|
Li B, Stuart DD, Shanta PV, Pike CD, Cheng Q. Probing Herbicide Toxicity to Algae ( Selenastrum capricornutum) by Lipid Profiling with Machine Learning and Microchip/MALDI-TOF Mass Spectrometry. Chem Res Toxicol 2022; 35:606-615. [PMID: 35289601 DOI: 10.1021/acs.chemrestox.1c00397] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Matrix-assisted laser desorption ionization mass spectrometry (MALDI-MS)-based lipid profiling is a powerful method to study the cytotoxicity of chemical exposure to microorganisms at the single cell level. We report here a combined approach of machine learning (ML) and microchip-based MALDI-time of flight (TOF) mass spectrometry to investigate the cytotoxic effect of herbicides on algae through single cell lipid profiling. Algal species Selenastrum capricornutum was chosen as the target system, and its exposure to different doses of common chemical herbicides and the resulting cytotoxic behaviors under various stress conditions were characterized. A lipid library for S. capricornutum has been established with 63 identified lipids that include glycosyldiacylglycerols and triacylglycerols. We demonstrated that major alternations occurred for lipids with functional groups of digalactosyldiacylglycerol (DGDG), triacylglycerol (TAG), and monogalactosyldiacylglycerol (MGDG). DGDG was shown to decrease upon exposure to herbicides of norflurazon and atrazine, while some MGDG and TAG lipids would increase for norflurazon. Compared to other algae, S. capricornutum was more strongly impacted by norflurazon than atrazine while the latter was observed to have a greater effect on C. reinhardtii. Machine learning algorithms have been applied to improve the classification of herbicide impact and help identify lipid species affected by the chemical exposure. A total of 69 machine learning models were trained and tested for the identification of ideal algorithms in the classification process, in which flexible discriminant analysis and support vector machine model were found to be the most accurate and consistent. The ML algorithms accurately differentiated herbicide impact and have identified cytotoxic differences that were previously hidden. The results suggest that herbicides express toxicity among different algae likely on the basis of metabolic differences. The ML-assisted method proves to be highly effective and can provide an advanced technological platform for probing cytotoxicity for bacterial species and in metabolic pathway analysis.
Collapse
|