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Maseko TE, Elkalaf M, Peterová E, Lotková H, Staňková P, Melek J, Dušek J, Žádníková P, Čížková D, Bezrouk A, Pávek P, Červinková Z, Kučera O. Comparison of HepaRG and HepG2 cell lines to model mitochondrial respiratory adaptations in non‑alcoholic fatty liver disease. Int J Mol Med 2024; 53:18. [PMID: 38186319 PMCID: PMC10781417 DOI: 10.3892/ijmm.2023.5342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/26/2023] [Accepted: 12/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/09/2024] Open
Abstract
Although some clinical studies have reported increased mitochondrial respiration in patients with fatty liver and early non‑alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH), there is a lack of in vitro models of non‑alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) with similar findings. Despite being the most commonly used immortalized cell line for in vitro models of NAFLD, HepG2 cells exposed to free fatty acids (FFAs) exhibit a decreased mitochondrial respiration. On the other hand, the use of HepaRG cells to study mitochondrial respiratory changes following exposure to FFAs has not yet been fully explored. Therefore, the present study aimed to assess cellular energy metabolism, particularly mitochondrial respiration, and lipotoxicity in FFA‑treated HepaRG and HepG2 cells. HepaRG and HepG2 cells were exposed to FFAs, followed by comparative analyses that examained cellular metabolism, mitochondrial respiratory enzyme activities, mitochondrial morphology, lipotoxicity, the mRNA expression of selected genes and triacylglycerol (TAG) accumulation. FFAs stimulated mitochondrial respiration and glycolysis in HepaRG cells, but not in HepG2 cells. Stimulated complex I, II‑driven respiration and β‑oxidation were linked to increased complex I and II activities in FFA‑treated HepaRG cells, but not in FFA‑treated HepG2 cells. Exposure to FFAs disrupted mitochondrial morphology in both HepaRG and HepG2 cells. Lipotoxicity was induced to a greater extent in FFA‑treated HepaRG cells than in FFA‑treated HepG2 cells. TAG accumulation was less prominent in HepaRG cells than in HepG2 cells. On the whole, the present study demonstrates that stimulated mitochondrial respiration is associated with lipotoxicity in FFA‑treated HepaRG cells, but not in FFA‑treated HepG2 cells. These findings suggest that HepaRG cells are more suitable for assessing mitochondrial respiratory adaptations in the developed in vitro model of early‑stage NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tumisang Edward Maseko
- Department of Physiology, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Moustafa Elkalaf
- Department of Physiology, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Eva Peterová
- Department of Physiology, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Department of Medical Biochemistry, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Halka Lotková
- Department of Physiology, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Pavla Staňková
- Department of Physiology, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Melek
- Department of Physiology, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Jan Dušek
- Department of Physiology, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Žádníková
- Department of Physiology, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Dana Čížková
- Department of Histology and Embryology Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Aleš Bezrouk
- Department of Medical Biophysics, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Petr Pávek
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Charles University, Faculty of Pharmacy in Hradec Kralove, 500 05 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Zuzana Červinková
- Department of Physiology, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
| | - Otto Kučera
- Department of Physiology, Charles University, Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove, 500 03 Hradec Kralove, Czech Republic
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Duraj T, Carrión-Navarro J, Seyfried TN, García-Romero N, Ayuso-Sacido A. Metabolic therapy and bioenergetic analysis: The missing piece of the puzzle. Mol Metab 2021; 54:101389. [PMID: 34749013 PMCID: PMC8637646 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2021.101389] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2021] [Revised: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 11/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Aberrant metabolism is recognized as a hallmark of cancer, a pillar necessary for cellular proliferation. Regarding bioenergetics (ATP generation), most cancers display a preference not only toward aerobic glycolysis ("Warburg effect") and glutaminolysis (mitochondrial substrate level-phosphorylation) but also toward other metabolites such as lactate, pyruvate, and fat-derived sources. These secondary metabolites can assist in proliferation but cannot fully cover ATP demands. SCOPE OF REVIEW The concept of a static metabolic profile is challenged by instances of heterogeneity and flexibility to meet fuel/anaplerotic demands. Although metabolic therapies are a promising tool to improve therapeutic outcomes, either via pharmacological targets or press-pulse interventions, metabolic plasticity is rarely considered. Lack of bioenergetic analysis in vitro and patient-derived models is hindering translational potential. Here, we review the bioenergetics of cancer and propose a simple analysis of major metabolic pathways, encompassing both affordable and advanced techniques. A comprehensive compendium of Seahorse XF bioenergetic measurements is presented for the first time. MAJOR CONCLUSIONS Standardization of principal readouts might help researchers to collect a complete metabolic picture of cancer using the most appropriate methods depending on the sample of interest.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tomás Duraj
- Faculty of Medicine, Institute for Applied Molecular Medicine (IMMA), CEU San Pablo University, 28668, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Josefa Carrión-Navarro
- Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223, Madrid, Spain; Brain Tumor Laboratory, Fundación Vithas, Grupo Hospitales Vithas, 28043, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Thomas N Seyfried
- Biology Department, Boston College, 140 Commonwealth Ave, Chestnut Hill, MA, 02467, USA.
| | - Noemí García-Romero
- Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223, Madrid, Spain; Brain Tumor Laboratory, Fundación Vithas, Grupo Hospitales Vithas, 28043, Madrid, Spain.
| | - Angel Ayuso-Sacido
- Faculty of Experimental Sciences, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223, Madrid, Spain; Brain Tumor Laboratory, Fundación Vithas, Grupo Hospitales Vithas, 28043, Madrid, Spain; Faculty of Medicine, Universidad Francisco de Vitoria, 28223, Madrid, Spain.
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3
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Voituron Y, Roussel D, Teulier L, Vagner M, Ternon Q, Romestaing C, Dubillot E, Lefrancois C. Warm Acclimation Increases Mitochondrial Efficiency in Fish: A Compensatory Mechanism to Reduce the Demand for Oxygen. Physiol Biochem Zool 2021; 95:15-21. [PMID: 34813413 DOI: 10.1086/716904] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
AbstractIn ectotherms, it is well described that thermal acclimation induces compensatory adjustments maintaining mitochondrial functions across large shifts in temperature. However, until now, studies mostly focused on fluxes of oxygen without knowing whether mitochondrial efficiency to produce ATP (ATP/O ratio) is also dependent on temperature acclimation. We thus measured thermal reaction norms of oxidative phosphorylation activity and efficiency in isolated mitochondria from skeletal muscle of sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) juveniles acclimated at optimal (22°C), low (18°C), and high (26°C) temperatures. The mitochondrial fluxes (oxygen consumption and ATP synthesis) increased with increasing assay temperatures and were on the whole higher in fishes acclimated at 18°C than in the other two groups. However, these mitochondrial rates were not significantly different between experimental groups when they were compared at the acclimation temperature. In contrast, we show that acclimation to high, and not low, temperature improved mitochondrial efficiency (on average >15%). This higher efficiency in high-temperature-acclimated fishes is also apparent when compared at respective acclimation temperatures. This mitochondrial phenotype would favor an economical management of oxygen in response to harsh energetic constraints associated with warming water.
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Ralph-Epps T, Onu CJ, Vo L, Schmidtke MW, Le A, Greenberg ML. Studying Lipid-Related Pathophysiology Using the Yeast Model. Front Physiol 2021; 12:768411. [PMID: 34777024 PMCID: PMC8581491 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.768411] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Accepted: 10/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Saccharomyces cerevisiae, commonly known as baker's yeast, is one of the most comprehensively studied model organisms in science. Yeast has been used to study a wide variety of human diseases, and the yeast model system has proved to be an especially amenable tool for the study of lipids and lipid-related pathophysiologies, a topic that has gained considerable attention in recent years. This review focuses on how yeast has contributed to our understanding of the mitochondrial phospholipid cardiolipin (CL) and its role in Barth syndrome (BTHS), a genetic disorder characterized by partial or complete loss of function of the CL remodeling enzyme tafazzin. Defective tafazzin causes perturbation of CL metabolism, resulting in many downstream cellular consequences and clinical pathologies that are discussed herein. The influence of yeast research in the lipid-related pathophysiologies of Alzheimer's and Parkinson's diseases is also summarized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tyler Ralph-Epps
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Chisom J Onu
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Linh Vo
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Michael W Schmidtke
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
| | - Anh Le
- Muskegon Catholic Central High School, Muskegon, MI, United States
| | - Miriam L Greenberg
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI, United States
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A versatile microfluidic tool for the 3D culture of HepaRG cells seeded at various stages of differentiation. Sci Rep 2021; 11:14075. [PMID: 34234159 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-92011-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Accepted: 06/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
The development of livers-on-a-chip aims to provide pharmaceutical companies with reliable systems to perform drug screening and toxicological studies. To that end, microfluidic systems are engineered to mimic the functions and architecture of this organ. In this context we have designed a device that reproduces series of liver microarchitectures, each permitting the 3D culture of hepatocytes by confining them to a chamber that is separated from the medium conveying channel by very thin slits. We modified the structure to ensure its compatibility with the culture of hepatocytes from different sources. Our device was adapted to the migratory and adhesion properties of the human HepaRG cell line at various stages of differentiation. Using this device, it was possible to keep the cells alive for more than 14 days, during which they achieved a 3D organisation and acquired or maintained their differentiation into hepatocytes. Albumin secretion as well as functional bile canaliculi were confirmed on the liver-on-a-chip. Finally, an acetaminophen toxicological assay was performed. With its multiple micro-chambers for hepatocyte culture, this microfluidic device architecture offers a promising opportunity to provide new tools for drug screening applications.
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Zichri SB, Kolusheva S, Shames AI, Schneiderman EA, Poggio JL, Stein DE, Doubijensky E, Levy D, Orynbayeva Z, Jelinek R. Mitochondria membrane transformations in colon and prostate cancer and their biological implications. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2020; 1863:183471. [PMID: 32931774 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2020.183471] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2020] [Revised: 08/31/2020] [Accepted: 09/02/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria have emerged as important determinants in cancer progression and malignancy. However, the role of mitochondrial membranes in cancer onset and progression has not been thoroughly investigated. This study compares the structural and functional properties of mitochondrial membranes in prostate and colon cancer cells in comparison to normal mitochondria, and possible therapeutic implications of these membrane changes. Specifically, isolation of cell mitochondria and preparation of inverted sub-mitochondrial particles (SMPs) illuminated significant cancer-induced modulations of membrane lipid compositions, fluidity, and activity of cytochrome c oxidase, one of the key mitochondrial enzymes. The experimental data further show that cancer-associated membrane transformations may account for mitochondria targeting by betulinic acid and resveratrol, known anti-cancer molecules. Overall, this study probes the relationship between cancer and mitochondrial membrane transformations, underlying a potential therapeutic significance for mitochondrial membrane targeting in cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shani Ben Zichri
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Sofiya Kolusheva
- Ilze Katz Center for Nanotechnology, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | | | - Elina Abaev Schneiderman
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty for Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Juan L Poggio
- Department of Surgery, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
| | - David E Stein
- Department of Surgery, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA
| | - Elena Doubijensky
- Ilze Katz Center for Nanotechnology, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Dan Levy
- Department of Microbiology, Immunology and Genetics, Faculty for Health Sciences, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel
| | - Zulfiya Orynbayeva
- Department of Surgery, Drexel University College of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19102, USA.
| | - Raz Jelinek
- Department of Chemistry, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel; Ilze Katz Center for Nanotechnology, Ben-Gurion University, Beer-Sheva 84105, Israel.
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Incidence of Antithrombin Deficiency and Anti-Cardiolipin Antibodies After Severe Traumatic Brain Injury: A Prospective Cohort Study. Neurocrit Care 2020; 34:227-235. [PMID: 32557110 DOI: 10.1007/s12028-020-01026-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Animal studies suggested that cerebral mitochondrial cardiolipin phospholipids were released after severe traumatic brain injury (TBI), contributing to the pathogenesis of thromboembolism. OBJECTIVES To determine the incidence of anti-cardiolipin antibodies after severe TBI and whether this was related to the severity of TBI and development of venous thromboembolism. METHODS Serial anti-cardiolipin antibodies, antithrombin levels, viscoelastic testing, and coagulation parameters were measured on admission, day-1, and between day-5 and day-7 in patients with severe TBI requiring intracranial pressure monitoring. RESULTS Of the 40 patients included (85% male and median age 42 years), 7 (18%) had a raised Ig-G or Ig-M anti-cardiolipin antibody titer after TBI. Antithrombin levels were below the normal level-especially on day-0 and day-1-in 15 patients (38%), and 14 patients (38%) developed an increase in maximum clot firmness on the viscoelastic test in conjunction with elevations in fibrinogen concentration and platelet count. Four patients (10%) developed deep vein thrombosis, and 10 patients (25%) died, both of which were not significantly related to the presence of anti-cardiolipin antibodies (P = 0.619 and P = 0.638, respectively). CONCLUSIONS A reduction in antithrombin level and development of anti-cardiolipin antibodies were not rare immediately after severe TBI; these abnormalities were followed by an increase in in vitro clot strength due to elevations in fibrinogen concentration and platelet count. The quantitative relationships between the development of anti-cardiolipin antibodies and severity of TBI or clinical thromboembolic events deserve further investigation.
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Legler J, Zalko D, Jourdan F, Jacobs M, Fromenty B, Balaguer P, Bourguet W, Munic Kos V, Nadal A, Beausoleil C, Cristobal S, Remy S, Ermler S, Margiotta-Casaluci L, Griffin JL, Blumberg B, Chesné C, Hoffmann S, Andersson PL, Kamstra JH. The GOLIATH Project: Towards an Internationally Harmonised Approach for Testing Metabolism Disrupting Compounds. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E3480. [PMID: 32423144 PMCID: PMC7279023 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21103480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2020] [Revised: 04/29/2020] [Accepted: 05/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The purpose of this project report is to introduce the European "GOLIATH" project, a new research project which addresses one of the most urgent regulatory needs in the testing of endocrine-disrupting chemicals (EDCs), namely the lack of methods for testing EDCs that disrupt metabolism and metabolic functions. These chemicals collectively referred to as "metabolism disrupting compounds" (MDCs) are natural and anthropogenic chemicals that can promote metabolic changes that can ultimately result in obesity, diabetes, and/or fatty liver in humans. This project report introduces the main approaches of the project and provides a focused review of the evidence of metabolic disruption for selected EDCs. GOLIATH will generate the world's first integrated approach to testing and assessment (IATA) specifically tailored to MDCs. GOLIATH will focus on the main cellular targets of metabolic disruption-hepatocytes, pancreatic endocrine cells, myocytes and adipocytes-and using an adverse outcome pathway (AOP) framework will provide key information on MDC-related mode of action by incorporating multi-omic analyses and translating results from in silico, in vitro, and in vivo models and assays to adverse metabolic health outcomes in humans at real-life exposures. Given the importance of international acceptance of the developed test methods for regulatory use, GOLIATH will link with ongoing initiatives of the Organisation for Economic Development (OECD) for test method (pre-)validation, IATA, and AOP development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Juliette Legler
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| | - Daniel Zalko
- INRAE Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Metabolism and Xenobiotics (MeX) Team, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31027 Toulouse, France; (D.Z.); (F.J.)
| | - Fabien Jourdan
- INRAE Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology), Metabolism and Xenobiotics (MeX) Team, Université de Toulouse, INRAE, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS, 31027 Toulouse, France; (D.Z.); (F.J.)
| | - Miriam Jacobs
- Centre for Radiation, Chemical and Environmental Hazards, Public Health England, Chilton OXON. OX11 0RQ, UK;
| | - Bernard Fromenty
- Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer) INSERM UMR_A 1341, UMR_S 1241, Université de Rennes, F-35000 Rennes, France;
| | - Patrick Balaguer
- Institut de Recherche en Cancérologie de Montpellier (IRCM), INSERM U1194, ICM, Université de Montpellier, 34298 Montpellier, France;
| | - William Bourguet
- Center for Structural Biochemistry (CBS), INSERM, CNRS, Université de Montpellier, 34090 Montpellier, France;
| | - Vesna Munic Kos
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Karolinska Institutet, 17177 Stockholm, Sweden;
| | - Angel Nadal
- IDiBE and CIBERDEM, Universitas Miguel Hernandez, 03202 Elche (Alicante), Spain;
| | - Claire Beausoleil
- ANSES, Direction de l’Evaluation des Risques, Agence Nationale de Sécurité Sanitaire de l’Alimentation, de l’Environnement et du Travail, 14 rue Pierre et Marie Curie, 94701 Maisons-Alfort CEDEX, France;
| | - Susana Cristobal
- Department of Biomedical and Clinical Sciences (BKV), Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, Linköping University, SE-581 85 Linköping, Sweden;
| | - Sylvie Remy
- Sustainable Health, Flemish Institute for Technological Research, VITO, 2400 Mol, Belgium;
| | - Sibylle Ermler
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK; (S.E.); (L.M.-C.)
| | - Luigi Margiotta-Casaluci
- Department of Life Sciences, College of Health and Life Sciences, Brunel University London, Uxbridge UB8 3PH, UK; (S.E.); (L.M.-C.)
| | - Julian L. Griffin
- Section of Biomolecular Medicine, Division of Systems Medicine, Department of Metabolism, Digestion and Reproduction, Imperial College London, South Kensington, London SW7 2AZ, UK;
| | - Bruce Blumberg
- Department of Developmental and Cell Biology, University of California Irvine, 2011 BioSci 3, University of California, Irvine, CA 92697-2300, USA;
| | - Christophe Chesné
- Biopredic International, Parc d’Activité de la Bretèche Bâtiment A4, 35760 Saint Grégoire, France;
| | | | | | - Jorke H. Kamstra
- Institute for Risk Assessment Sciences, Department of Population Health Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Utrecht University, 3508 TD Utrecht, The Netherlands;
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Phan K, He Y, Pickford R, Bhatia S, Katzeff JS, Hodges JR, Piguet O, Halliday GM, Kim WS. Uncovering pathophysiological changes in frontotemporal dementia using serum lipids. Sci Rep 2020; 10:3640. [PMID: 32107421 PMCID: PMC7046653 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60457-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2019] [Accepted: 02/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Blood serum is enriched in lipids and has provided a platform to understand the pathogenesis of a number of human diseases with improved diagnosis and development of biomarkers. Understanding lipid changes in neurodegenerative diseases is particularly important because of the fact that lipids make up >50% of brain tissues. Frontotemporal dementia (FTD) is a common cause of early onset dementia, characterized by brain atrophy in the frontal and temporal regions, concomitant loss of lipids and dyslipidemia. However, little is known about the link between dyslipidemia and FTD pathophysiology. Here, we utilized an innovative approach – lipidomics based on mass spectrometry – to investigate three key aspects of FTD pathophysiology – mitochondrial dysfunction, inflammation, and oxidative stress. We analyzed the lipids that are intrinsically linked to neurodegeneration in serum collected from FTD patients and controls. We found that cardiolipin, acylcarnitine, lysophosphatidylcholine, platelet-activating factor, o-acyl-ω-hydroxy fatty acid and acrolein were specifically altered in FTD with strong correlation between the lipids, signifying pathophysiological changes in FTD. The lipid changes were verified by measurement of the common disease markers (e.g. ATP, cytokine, calcium) using conventional assays. When put together, these results support the use of lipidomics technology to detect pathophysiological changes in FTD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katherine Phan
- The University of Sydney, Brain and Mind Centre & Central Clinical School, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Ying He
- The University of Sydney, Brain and Mind Centre & Central Clinical School, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Russell Pickford
- Bioanalytical Mass Spectrometry Facility, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Surabhi Bhatia
- The University of Sydney, Brain and Mind Centre & Central Clinical School, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Jared S Katzeff
- The University of Sydney, Brain and Mind Centre & Central Clinical School, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - John R Hodges
- The University of Sydney, Brain and Mind Centre & Central Clinical School, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Olivier Piguet
- ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,The University of Sydney, Brain and Mind Centre & School of Psychology, Sydney, NSW, Australia.,Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Glenda M Halliday
- The University of Sydney, Brain and Mind Centre & Central Clinical School, Sydney, NSW, Australia. .,ARC Centre of Excellence in Cognition and its Disorders, Sydney, NSW, Australia. .,The University of Sydney, Brain and Mind Centre & School of Psychology, Sydney, NSW, Australia. .,Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia. .,School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
| | - Woojin Scott Kim
- The University of Sydney, Brain and Mind Centre & Central Clinical School, Sydney, NSW, Australia. .,Neuroscience Research Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia. .,School of Medical Sciences, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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10
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Schädeli D, Serricchio M, Ben Hamidane H, Loffreda A, Hemphill A, Beneke T, Gluenz E, Graumann J, Bütikofer P. Cardiolipin depletion–induced changes in theTrypanosoma bruceiproteome. FASEB J 2019; 33:13161-13175. [DOI: 10.1096/fj.201901184rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- David Schädeli
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Mauro Serricchio
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | | | - Alessio Loffreda
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
- Graduate School for Cellular and Biomedical Sciences, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Andrew Hemphill
- Institute of Parasitology, Vetsuisse Faculty, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
| | - Tom Beneke
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | - Eva Gluenz
- Sir William Dunn School of Pathology, University of Oxford, Oxford, United Kingdom
| | | | - Peter Bütikofer
- Institute of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland
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11
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A first experience of transduction for differentiated HepaRG cells using lentiviral technology. Sci Rep 2019; 9:12910. [PMID: 31501487 PMCID: PMC6733867 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-49402-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/11/2018] [Accepted: 07/22/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Currently, there is a lack of systems for studying the role of hepatitis B viral proteins, such as HBeAg and HBcAg, on liver injury. It is necessary to develop an original tool in order to clarify the role of these viral proteins in hepatic stellate cell activation, and to understand the molecular mechanisms of liver injury. HepaRG are the most reliable hepatocyte-like cells for studying liver functions or disorders. In this paper, we demonstrate that the transduction of differentiated HepaRG (dHepaRG) cells can be performed successfully using lentiviral particles. The production of a functional Green Fluorescent Protein (GFP) assessed by Fluorescence Activated Cell Sorting and fluorescence microscopy is up to 16% of GFP positive cells using a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 2.4. We demonstrate that this technology can allow the stable expression of GFP during the long lifecycle of the cell (up to four weeks after the cell’s passage). With this innovative tool, we aim to express viral proteins such as HBeAg or HBcAg in dHepaRG cells. The preliminary results of this work shows that HBeAg can be efficiently produced in dHepaRG cells and that increased MOI allows a better production of this protein. Our future objective will be to study the role of HBc and HBe proteins on the induction of hepatic fibrosis.
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Vlach M, Quesnot N, Dubois-Pot-Schneider H, Ribault C, Verres Y, Petitjean K, Rauch C, Morel F, Robin MA, Corlu A, Loyer P. Cytochrome P450 1A1/2, 2B6 and 3A4 HepaRG Cell-Based Biosensors to Monitor Hepatocyte Differentiation, Drug Metabolism and Toxicity. SENSORS 2019; 19:s19102245. [PMID: 31096615 PMCID: PMC6567340 DOI: 10.3390/s19102245] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2019] [Revised: 05/10/2019] [Accepted: 05/13/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Human hepatoma HepaRG cells express most drug metabolizing enzymes and constitute a pertinent in vitro alternative cell system to primary cultures of human hepatocytes in order to determine drug metabolism and evaluate the toxicity of xenobiotics. In this work, we established novel transgenic HepaRG cells transduced with lentiviruses encoding the reporter green fluorescent protein (GFP) transcriptionally regulated by promoter sequences of cytochromes P450 (CYP) 1A1/2, 2B6 and 3A4 genes. Here, we demonstrated that GFP-biosensor transgenes shared similar expression patterns with the corresponding endogenous CYP genes during proliferation and differentiation in HepaRG cells. Interestingly, differentiated hepatocyte-like HepaRG cells expressed GFP at higher levels than cholangiocyte-like cells. Despite weaker inductions of GFP expression compared to the strong increases in mRNA levels of endogenous genes, we also demonstrated that the biosensor transgenes were induced by prototypical drug inducers benzo(a)pyrene and phenobarbital. In addition, we used the differentiated biosensor HepaRG cells to evidence that pesticide mancozeb triggered selective cytotoxicity of hepatocyte-like cells. Our data demonstrate that these new biosensor HepaRG cells have potential applications in the field of chemicals safety evaluation and the assessment of drug hepatotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Manuel Vlach
- Inserm, INRA, Univ Rennes, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer) UMR-A 1341, UMR-S 1241, Plateforme BiogenOuest SynNanoVect, F-35000 Rennes, France; (M.V.); (N.Q.); (C.R.); (Y.V.); (K.P.); (C.R.); (A.C.)
| | - Nicolas Quesnot
- Inserm, INRA, Univ Rennes, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer) UMR-A 1341, UMR-S 1241, Plateforme BiogenOuest SynNanoVect, F-35000 Rennes, France; (M.V.); (N.Q.); (C.R.); (Y.V.); (K.P.); (C.R.); (A.C.)
| | | | - Catherine Ribault
- Inserm, INRA, Univ Rennes, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer) UMR-A 1341, UMR-S 1241, Plateforme BiogenOuest SynNanoVect, F-35000 Rennes, France; (M.V.); (N.Q.); (C.R.); (Y.V.); (K.P.); (C.R.); (A.C.)
| | - Yann Verres
- Inserm, INRA, Univ Rennes, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer) UMR-A 1341, UMR-S 1241, Plateforme BiogenOuest SynNanoVect, F-35000 Rennes, France; (M.V.); (N.Q.); (C.R.); (Y.V.); (K.P.); (C.R.); (A.C.)
| | - Kilian Petitjean
- Inserm, INRA, Univ Rennes, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer) UMR-A 1341, UMR-S 1241, Plateforme BiogenOuest SynNanoVect, F-35000 Rennes, France; (M.V.); (N.Q.); (C.R.); (Y.V.); (K.P.); (C.R.); (A.C.)
| | - Claudine Rauch
- Inserm, INRA, Univ Rennes, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer) UMR-A 1341, UMR-S 1241, Plateforme BiogenOuest SynNanoVect, F-35000 Rennes, France; (M.V.); (N.Q.); (C.R.); (Y.V.); (K.P.); (C.R.); (A.C.)
| | - Fabrice Morel
- Inserm, INRA, Univ Rennes, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer) UMR-A 1341, UMR-S 1241, Plateforme BiogenOuest SynNanoVect, F-35000 Rennes, France; (M.V.); (N.Q.); (C.R.); (Y.V.); (K.P.); (C.R.); (A.C.)
| | - Marie-Anne Robin
- Inserm, INRA, Univ Rennes, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer) UMR-A 1341, UMR-S 1241, Plateforme BiogenOuest SynNanoVect, F-35000 Rennes, France; (M.V.); (N.Q.); (C.R.); (Y.V.); (K.P.); (C.R.); (A.C.)
| | - Anne Corlu
- Inserm, INRA, Univ Rennes, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer) UMR-A 1341, UMR-S 1241, Plateforme BiogenOuest SynNanoVect, F-35000 Rennes, France; (M.V.); (N.Q.); (C.R.); (Y.V.); (K.P.); (C.R.); (A.C.)
| | - Pascal Loyer
- Inserm, INRA, Univ Rennes, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer) UMR-A 1341, UMR-S 1241, Plateforme BiogenOuest SynNanoVect, F-35000 Rennes, France; (M.V.); (N.Q.); (C.R.); (Y.V.); (K.P.); (C.R.); (A.C.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +33-(0)223233873; Fax: +33-(0)299540137
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Allard J, Le Guillou D, Begriche K, Fromenty B. Drug-induced liver injury in obesity and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. ADVANCES IN PHARMACOLOGY (SAN DIEGO, CALIF.) 2019; 85:75-107. [PMID: 31307592 DOI: 10.1016/bs.apha.2019.01.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 58] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Obesity is commonly associated with nonalcoholic fatty liver (NAFL), a benign condition characterized by hepatic lipid accumulation. However, NAFL can progress in some patients to nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) and then to severe liver lesions including extensive fibrosis, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma. The entire spectrum of these hepatic lesions is referred to as nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). The transition of simple fatty liver to NASH seems to be favored by several genetic and environmental factors. Different experimental and clinical investigations showed or suggested that obesity and NAFLD are able to increase the risk of hepatotoxicity of different drugs. Some of these drugs may cause more severe and/or more frequent acute liver injury in obese individuals whereas others may trigger the transition of simple fatty liver to NASH or may worsen hepatic lipid accumulation, necroinflammation and fibrosis. This review presents the available information regarding drugs that may cause a specific risk in the context of obesity and NAFLD. These drugs, which belong to different pharmacological classes, include acetaminophen, halothane, methotrexate, rosiglitazone and tamoxifen. For some of these drugs, experimental investigations confirmed the clinical observations and unveiled different pathophysiological mechanisms which may explain why these pharmaceuticals are particularly hepatotoxic in obesity and NAFLD. Because obese people often take several drugs for the treatment of different obesity-related diseases, there is an urgent need to identify the main pharmaceuticals that may cause acute liver injury on a fatty liver background or that may enhance the risk of severe chronic liver disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julien Allard
- INSERM, Univ. Rennes, INRA, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer) UMR_A 1341, UMR_S 1241, Rennes, France
| | - Dounia Le Guillou
- INSERM, Univ. Rennes, INRA, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer) UMR_A 1341, UMR_S 1241, Rennes, France
| | - Karima Begriche
- INSERM, Univ. Rennes, INRA, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer) UMR_A 1341, UMR_S 1241, Rennes, France
| | - Bernard Fromenty
- INSERM, Univ. Rennes, INRA, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer) UMR_A 1341, UMR_S 1241, Rennes, France.
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Young CKJ, Young MJ. Comparison of HepaRG cells following growth in proliferative and differentiated culture conditions reveals distinct bioenergetic profiles. Cell Cycle 2019; 18:476-499. [PMID: 30755072 PMCID: PMC6422474 DOI: 10.1080/15384101.2019.1578133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
HepaRG is a proliferative human hepatoma-derived cell line that can be differentiated into hepatocyte-like and biliary-like cells. Differentiated HepaRG cultures maintain key hepatic functions including drug transporters and xenobiotic-metabolizing enzymes. To gain insight into proliferative and differentiated HepaRG metabolism we profiled various bioenergetic parameters and investigated cell culture levels of adenosine triphosphate (ATP), lactate, and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activity. Compared to differentiated-derived HepaRG, cells from proliferative cultures had increased basal and ATP-linked respiration and decreased maximal and spare respiratory capacities. Basal ATP levels but not lactate or LDH activity were increased in samples from proliferative-derived compared to differentiated-derived HepaRG. Further extracellular acidification rate (ECAR) experiments revealed parameters associated with glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation. Under basal conditions, cells derived from both cultures had similar ECARs; however, under stressed conditions, proliferative-derived HepaRG had increases in ECAR capacity and apparent glycolytic reserve. The biguanide metformin has been reported to protect differentiated HepaRG against acetaminophen (APAP)-induced cell injury, as well as offer protection against bioenergetic deficiencies; therefore, we studied the outcome of exposure to these drugs in both culture conditions. Proliferative- and differentiated-derived cells were found to have distinct mitochondrial bioenergetic alterations when exposed to the hepatotoxic drug APAP. Metformin offered protection against loss of APAP-induced cellular viability and prevented APAP-induced decreases in bioenergetics in differentiated- but not proliferative-derived HepaRG. Distinguishingly, treatment with metformin alone reduced ATP-linked respiration, maximal respiratory capacity, and basal respiration in proliferative-derived HepaRG. Our results support that HepaRG represents an appropriate model to study drug-induced bioenergetic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carolyn K J Young
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Southern Illinois University School of Medicine , Carbondale , Illinois , USA
| | - Matthew J Young
- a Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology , Southern Illinois University School of Medicine , Carbondale , Illinois , USA
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Tafazzin-dependent cardiolipin composition in C6 glioma cells correlates with changes in mitochondrial and cellular functions, and cellular proliferation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2019; 1864:452-465. [PMID: 30639735 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2019.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/12/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 01/06/2019] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
The mitochondrial phospholipid cardiolipin (CL) has been implicated with mitochondrial morphology, function and, more recently, with cellular proliferation. Tafazzin, an acyltransferase with key functions in CL remodeling determining actual CL composition, affects mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation. Here, we show that the CRISPR-Cas9 mediated knock-out of tafazzin (Taz) is associated with substantial alterations of various mitochondrial and cellular characteristics in C6 glioma cells. The knock-out of tafazzin substantially changed the profile of fatty acids incorporated in CL and the distribution of molecular CL species. Taz knock-out was further associated with decreased capacity of oxidative phosphorylation that mainly originates from impaired complex I associated energy metabolism in C6 glioma cells. The lack of tafazzin switched energy metabolism from oxidative phosphorylation to glycolysis indicated by lower respiration rates, membrane potential and higher levels of mitochondria-derived reactive oxygen species but keeping the cellular ATP content unchanged. The impact of tafazzin on mitochondria was also indicated by altered morphology and arrangement in tafazzin deficient C6 glioma cells. In the cells we observed tafazzin-dependent changes in the distribution of cellular fatty acids as an indication of altered lipid metabolism as well as in stability/morphology. Most impressive is the dramatic reduction in cell proliferation in tafazzin deficient C6 glioma cells that is not mediated by reactive oxygen species. Our data clearly indicate that defects in CL phospholipid remodeling trigger a cascade of events including modifications in CL linked to subsequent alterations in mitochondrial and cellular functions.
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Poupin N, Corlu A, Cabaton NJ, Dubois-Pot-Schneider H, Canlet C, Person E, Bruel S, Frainay C, Vinson F, Maurier F, Morel F, Robin MA, Fromenty B, Zalko D, Jourdan F. Large-Scale Modeling Approach Reveals Functional Metabolic Shifts during Hepatic Differentiation. J Proteome Res 2018; 18:204-216. [PMID: 30394098 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jproteome.8b00524] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Being able to explore the metabolism of broad metabolizing cells is of critical importance in many research fields. This article presents an original modeling solution combining metabolic network and omics data to identify modulated metabolic pathways and changes in metabolic functions occurring during differentiation of a human hepatic cell line (HepaRG). Our results confirm the activation of hepato-specific functionalities and newly evidence modulation of other metabolic pathways, which could not be evidenced from transcriptomic data alone. Our method takes advantage of the network structure to detect changes in metabolic pathways that do not have gene annotations and exploits flux analyses techniques to identify activated metabolic functions. Compared to the usual cell-specific metabolic network reconstruction approaches, it limits false predictions by considering several possible network configurations to represent one phenotype rather than one arbitrarily selected network. Our approach significantly enhances the comprehensive and functional assessment of cell metabolism, opening further perspectives to investigate metabolic shifts occurring within various biological contexts.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nathalie Poupin
- UMR1331 Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology) , Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS , 31027 Toulouse , France
| | - Anne Corlu
- Université Rennes, INSERM, INRA, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer), UMR_A 1341, UMR_S 1241 , F-35000 Rennes , France
| | - Nicolas J Cabaton
- UMR1331 Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology) , Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS , 31027 Toulouse , France
| | - Hélène Dubois-Pot-Schneider
- Université Rennes, INSERM, INRA, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer), UMR_A 1341, UMR_S 1241 , F-35000 Rennes , France
| | - Cécile Canlet
- UMR1331 Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology) , Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS , 31027 Toulouse , France
| | - Elodie Person
- UMR1331 Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology) , Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS , 31027 Toulouse , France
| | - Sandrine Bruel
- UMR1331 Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology) , Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS , 31027 Toulouse , France
| | - Clément Frainay
- UMR1331 Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology) , Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS , 31027 Toulouse , France
| | - Florence Vinson
- UMR1331 Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology) , Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS , 31027 Toulouse , France
| | - Florence Maurier
- UMR1331 Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology) , Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS , 31027 Toulouse , France
| | - Fabrice Morel
- Université Rennes, INSERM, INRA, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer), UMR_A 1341, UMR_S 1241 , F-35000 Rennes , France
| | - Marie-Anne Robin
- Université Rennes, INSERM, INRA, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer), UMR_A 1341, UMR_S 1241 , F-35000 Rennes , France
| | - Bernard Fromenty
- Université Rennes, INSERM, INRA, Institut NUMECAN (Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer), UMR_A 1341, UMR_S 1241 , F-35000 Rennes , France
| | - Daniel Zalko
- UMR1331 Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology) , Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS , 31027 Toulouse , France
| | - Fabien Jourdan
- UMR1331 Toxalim (Research Centre in Food Toxicology) , Université de Toulouse, INRA, ENVT, INP-Purpan, UPS , 31027 Toulouse , France
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Chang WH, Ting HC, Chen WW, Chan JF, Hsu YHH. Omega-3 and omega-6 fatty acid differentially impact cardiolipin remodeling in activated macrophage. Lipids Health Dis 2018; 17:201. [PMID: 30153842 PMCID: PMC6114728 DOI: 10.1186/s12944-018-0845-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/27/2018] [Accepted: 08/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Background The macrophage plays an important role in innate immunity to induce immune responses. Lipid replacement therapy has been shown to change the lipid compositions of mitochondria and potentially becomes an alternative to reduce the inflammatory response. Methods We examined the effects of omega-6 arachidonic acid (AA), omega-3 eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), and omega-3 docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) supplementation on the activated the macrophage cell line RAW264.7 via KdO2-lipid A (KLA). The mitochondrial cardiolipin (CL) and monolysocardiolipin (MLCL) were analyzed by LC-MS. Results After macrophage activation by KLA, CL shifted to saturated species, but did not affect the quantity of CL. Inhibition of delta 6 desaturase also resulted in the same trend of CL species shift. We further examined the changes in CL and MLCL species induced by polyunsaturated fatty acid supplementation during inflammation. After supplementation of AA, EPA and DHA, the MLCL/CL ratio increased significantly in all treatments. The percentages of the long-chain species highly elevated and those of short-chain species reduced in both CL and MLCL. Conclusions Comparisons of AA, EPA and DHA supplementation revealed that the 20-carbon EPA (20:5) and AA (20:4) triggered higher incorporation and CL remodeling efficiency than 22-carbon DHA (22:6). EPA supplementation not only efficiently extended the chain length of CL but also increased the unsaturation of CL. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (10.1186/s12944-018-0845-y) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wan-Hsin Chang
- Department of Chemistry, Tunghai University, Taichung, No.1727, Sec4, Taiwan Boulevard, Xitun District, Taichung, 40704, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Hsiu-Chi Ting
- Department of Chemistry, Tunghai University, Taichung, No.1727, Sec4, Taiwan Boulevard, Xitun District, Taichung, 40704, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Wei-Wei Chen
- Department of Chemistry, Tunghai University, Taichung, No.1727, Sec4, Taiwan Boulevard, Xitun District, Taichung, 40704, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Jui-Fen Chan
- Department of Chemistry, Tunghai University, Taichung, No.1727, Sec4, Taiwan Boulevard, Xitun District, Taichung, 40704, Taiwan, Republic of China
| | - Yuan-Hao Howard Hsu
- Department of Chemistry, Tunghai University, Taichung, No.1727, Sec4, Taiwan Boulevard, Xitun District, Taichung, 40704, Taiwan, Republic of China. .,Life Science Research Center, Tunghai University, Taichung, No.1727, Sec4, Taiwan Boulevard, Xitun District, Taichung, 40704, Taiwan, Republic of China.
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Dudek J, Hartmann M, Rehling P. The role of mitochondrial cardiolipin in heart function and its implication in cardiac disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2018; 1865:810-821. [PMID: 30837070 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2018.08.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 55] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2018] [Revised: 08/14/2018] [Accepted: 08/17/2018] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
Abstract
Mitochondria play an essential role in the energy metabolism of the heart. Many of the essential functions are associated with mitochondrial membranes and oxidative phosphorylation driven by the respiratory chain. Mitochondrial membranes are unique in the cell as they contain the phospholipid cardiolipin. The important role of cardiolipin in cardiovascular health is highlighted by several cardiac diseases, in which cardiolipin plays a fundamental role. Barth syndrome, Sengers syndrome, and Dilated cardiomyopathy with ataxia (DCMA) are genetic disorders, which affect cardiolipin biosynthesis. Other cardiovascular diseases including ischemia/reperfusion injury and heart failure are also associated with changes in the cardiolipin pool. Here, we summarize molecular functions of cardiolipin in mitochondrial biogenesis and morphology. We highlight the role of cardiolipin for the respiratory chain, metabolite carriers, and mitochondrial metabolism and describe links to apoptosis and mitochondria specific autophagy (mitophagy) with possible implications in cardiac disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jan Dudek
- Institute of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, D-37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Magnus Hartmann
- Institute of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, D-37073 Göttingen, Germany
| | - Peter Rehling
- Institute of Cellular Biochemistry, University Medical Center Göttingen, D-37073 Göttingen, Germany; Max Planck Institute for Biophysical Chemistry, D-37077 Göttingen, Germany.
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Nury T, Sghaier R, Zarrouk A, Ménétrier F, Uzun T, Leoni V, Caccia C, Meddeb W, Namsi A, Sassi K, Mihoubi W, Riedinger JM, Cherkaoui-Malki M, Moreau T, Vejux A, Lizard G. Induction of peroxisomal changes in oligodendrocytes treated with 7-ketocholesterol: Attenuation by α-tocopherol. Biochimie 2018; 153:181-202. [PMID: 30031877 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2018.07.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2018] [Accepted: 07/17/2018] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The involvement of organelles in cell death is well established especially for endoplasmic reticulum, lysosomes and mitochondria. However, the role of the peroxisome is not well known, though peroxisomal dysfunction favors a rupture of redox equilibrium. To study the role of peroxisomes in cell death, 158 N murine oligodendrocytes were treated with 7-ketocholesterol (7 KC: 25-50 μM, 24 h). The highest concentration is known to induce oxiapoptophagy (OXIdative stress + APOPTOsis + autoPHAGY), whereas the lowest concentration does not induce cell death. In those conditions (with 7 KC: 50 μM) morphological, topographical and functional peroxisome alterations associated with modifications of the cytoplasmic distribution of mitochondria, with mitochondrial dysfunction (loss of transmembrane mitochondrial potential, decreased level of cardiolipins) and oxidative stress were observed: presence of peroxisomes with abnormal sizes and shapes similar to those observed in Zellweger fibroblasts, lower cellular level of ABCD3, used as a marker of peroxisomal mass, measured by flow cytometry, lower mRNA and protein levels (measured by RT-qPCR and western blotting) of ABCD1 and ABCD3 (two ATP-dependent peroxisomal transporters), and of ACOX1 and MFP2 enzymes, and lower mRNA level of DHAPAT, involved in peroxisomal β-oxidation and plasmalogen synthesis, respectively, and increased levels of very long chain fatty acids (VLCFA: C24:0, C24:1, C26:0 and C26:1, quantified by gas chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry) metabolized by peroxisomal β-oxidation. In the presence of 7 KC (25 μM), slight mitochondrial dysfunction and oxidative stress were found, and no induction of apoptosis was detected; however, modifications of the cytoplasmic distribution of mitochondria and clusters of mitochondria were detected. The peroxisomal alterations observed with 7 KC (25 μM) were similar to those with 7 KC (50 μM). In addition, data obtained by transmission electron microcopy and immunofluorescence microscopy by dual staining with antibodies raised against p62, involved in autophagy, and ABCD3, support that 7 KC (25-50 μM) induces pexophagy. 7 KC (25-50 μM)-induced side effects were attenuated by α-tocopherol but not by α-tocotrienol, whereas the anti-oxidant properties of these molecules determined with the FRAP assay were in the same range. These data provide evidences that 7 KC, at concentrations inducing or not cell death, triggers morphological, topographical and functional peroxisomal alterations associated with minor or major mitochondrial changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Thomas Nury
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Lab. Bio-PeroxIL, 'Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism' (EA7270) / Inserm, Dijon, France
| | - Randa Sghaier
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Lab. Bio-PeroxIL, 'Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism' (EA7270) / Inserm, Dijon, France; Univ. Monastir, Lab. Biotechnology, Monastir, Tunisia
| | - Amira Zarrouk
- Univ. Monastir, Lab-NAFS 'Nutrition - Functional Food & Vascular Diseases' LR12-ES-05, Monastir, Tunisia; Faculty of Medicine, Sousse, Tunisia
| | | | - Tugba Uzun
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Lab. Bio-PeroxIL, 'Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism' (EA7270) / Inserm, Dijon, France
| | - Valerio Leoni
- Lab. Clinical Chemistry, Hospital of Varese, ASST-Settelaghi, Varese, Italy
| | - Claudio Caccia
- Unit of Medical Genetics and Neurogenetics, IRCCS Carlo Besta, Milano, Italy
| | - Wiem Meddeb
- Univ. Carthage, LMMA, IPEST, Tunis, and Fac. of Science of Bizerte, Bizerte, Tunisia
| | - Amira Namsi
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Lab. Bio-PeroxIL, 'Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism' (EA7270) / Inserm, Dijon, France; Univ. Tunis El Manar, Lab. Neurophysiologie Fonctionnelle et Pathologie-UR11ES/09, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Khouloud Sassi
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Lab. Bio-PeroxIL, 'Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism' (EA7270) / Inserm, Dijon, France; Univ. Tunis El Manar, Fac. of Medicine, Lab of Onco-Hematology, Tunis, Tunisia
| | - Wafa Mihoubi
- Centre de Biotechnologie de Sfax, Lab. Biotechnologie Moléculaire des Eucaryotes, Sfax, Tunisia
| | - Jean-Marc Riedinger
- Centre de Lutte Contre le Cancer GF Leclerc, Laboratoire de Biologie Médicale, Dijon, France
| | - Mustapha Cherkaoui-Malki
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Lab. Bio-PeroxIL, 'Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism' (EA7270) / Inserm, Dijon, France
| | - Thibault Moreau
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Lab. Bio-PeroxIL, 'Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism' (EA7270) / Inserm, Dijon, France; Dept. of Neurology, Univ. Hospital of Dijon, France
| | - Anne Vejux
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Lab. Bio-PeroxIL, 'Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism' (EA7270) / Inserm, Dijon, France
| | - Gérard Lizard
- Univ. Bourgogne Franche-Comté, Lab. Bio-PeroxIL, 'Biochemistry of the Peroxisome, Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism' (EA7270) / Inserm, Dijon, France.
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Rogov AG, Ovchenkova AP, Goleva TN, Kireev II, Zvyagilskaya RA. New yeast models for studying mitochondrial morphology as affected by oxidative stress and other factors. Anal Biochem 2018; 552:24-29. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ab.2017.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2016] [Revised: 02/28/2017] [Accepted: 04/10/2017] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Le Guillou D, Bucher S, Begriche K, Hoët D, Lombès A, Labbe G, Fromenty B. Drug-Induced Alterations of Mitochondrial DNA Homeostasis in Steatotic and Nonsteatotic HepaRG Cells. J Pharmacol Exp Ther 2018; 365:711-726. [PMID: 29669730 DOI: 10.1124/jpet.117.246751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2017] [Accepted: 04/06/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although mitochondriotoxicity plays a major role in drug-induced hepatotoxicity, alteration of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) homeostasis has been described only with a few drugs. Because it requires long drug exposure, this mechanism of toxicity cannot be detected with investigations performed in isolated liver mitochondria or cultured cells exposed to drugs for several hours or a few days. Thus, a first aim of this study was to determine whether a 2-week treatment with nine hepatotoxic drugs could affect mtDNA homeostasis in HepaRG cells. Previous investigations with these drugs showed rapid toxicity on oxidative phosphorylation but did not address the possibility of delayed toxicity secondary to mtDNA homeostasis impairment. The maximal concentration used for each drug induced about 10% cytotoxicity. Two other drugs, zalcitabine and linezolid, were used as positive controls for their respective effects on mtDNA replication and translation. Another goal was to determine whether drug-induced mitochondriotoxicity could be modulated by lipid overload mimicking nonalcoholic fatty liver. Among the nine drugs, imipramine and ritonavir induced mitochondrial effects suggesting alteration of mtDNA translation. Ritonavir toxicity was stronger in nonsteatotic cells. None of the nine drugs decreased mtDNA levels. However, increased mtDNA was observed with five drugs, especially in nonsteatotic cells. The mtDNA levels could not be correlated with the expression of key factors involved in mitochondrial biogenesis, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ coactivator 1α (PGC1α), PGC1β, and AMP-activated protein kinase α-subunit. Hence, drug-induced impairment of mtDNA translation might not be rare, and increased mtDNA levels could be a frequent adaptive response to slight energy shortage. Nevertheless, this adaptation could be impaired by lipid overload.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dounia Le Guillou
- INSERM, INRA, Université de Rennes, UBL, Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer (NuMeCan), Rennes, France (D.L.G., S.B., K.B., B.F.); Sanofi, Investigative Toxicology, Alfortville, France (D.H., G.L.); and INSERM, UMR 1016, Institut Cochin, Université Paris V René Descartes, Paris, France (A.L.)
| | - Simon Bucher
- INSERM, INRA, Université de Rennes, UBL, Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer (NuMeCan), Rennes, France (D.L.G., S.B., K.B., B.F.); Sanofi, Investigative Toxicology, Alfortville, France (D.H., G.L.); and INSERM, UMR 1016, Institut Cochin, Université Paris V René Descartes, Paris, France (A.L.)
| | - Karima Begriche
- INSERM, INRA, Université de Rennes, UBL, Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer (NuMeCan), Rennes, France (D.L.G., S.B., K.B., B.F.); Sanofi, Investigative Toxicology, Alfortville, France (D.H., G.L.); and INSERM, UMR 1016, Institut Cochin, Université Paris V René Descartes, Paris, France (A.L.)
| | - Delphine Hoët
- INSERM, INRA, Université de Rennes, UBL, Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer (NuMeCan), Rennes, France (D.L.G., S.B., K.B., B.F.); Sanofi, Investigative Toxicology, Alfortville, France (D.H., G.L.); and INSERM, UMR 1016, Institut Cochin, Université Paris V René Descartes, Paris, France (A.L.)
| | - Anne Lombès
- INSERM, INRA, Université de Rennes, UBL, Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer (NuMeCan), Rennes, France (D.L.G., S.B., K.B., B.F.); Sanofi, Investigative Toxicology, Alfortville, France (D.H., G.L.); and INSERM, UMR 1016, Institut Cochin, Université Paris V René Descartes, Paris, France (A.L.)
| | - Gilles Labbe
- INSERM, INRA, Université de Rennes, UBL, Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer (NuMeCan), Rennes, France (D.L.G., S.B., K.B., B.F.); Sanofi, Investigative Toxicology, Alfortville, France (D.H., G.L.); and INSERM, UMR 1016, Institut Cochin, Université Paris V René Descartes, Paris, France (A.L.)
| | - Bernard Fromenty
- INSERM, INRA, Université de Rennes, UBL, Nutrition Metabolisms and Cancer (NuMeCan), Rennes, France (D.L.G., S.B., K.B., B.F.); Sanofi, Investigative Toxicology, Alfortville, France (D.H., G.L.); and INSERM, UMR 1016, Institut Cochin, Université Paris V René Descartes, Paris, France (A.L.)
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22
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Chabi B, Fouret G, Lecomte J, Cortade F, Pessemesse L, Baati N, Coudray C, Lin L, Tong Q, Wrutniak-Cabello C, Casas F, Feillet-Coudray C. Skeletal muscle overexpression of short isoform Sirt3 altered mitochondrial cardiolipin content and fatty acid composition. J Bioenerg Biomembr 2018; 50:131-142. [PMID: 29589261 DOI: 10.1007/s10863-018-9752-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/22/2017] [Accepted: 03/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/28/2023]
Abstract
Cardiolipin (CL) is a phospholipid at the heart of mitochondrial metabolism, which plays a key role in mitochondrial function and bioenergetics. Among mitochondrial activity regulators, SIRT3 plays a crucial role in controlling the acetylation status of many enzymes participating in the energy metabolism in particular concerning lipid metabolism and fatty acid oxidation. Data suggest that possible connection may exist between SIRT3 and CL status that has not been evaluated in skeletal muscle. In the present study, we have characterized skeletal muscle lipids as well as mitochondrial lipids composition in mice overexpressing long (SIRT3-M1) and short (SIRT3-M3) isoforms of SIRT3. Particular attention has been paid for CL. We reported no alteration in muscle lipids content and fatty acids composition between the two mice SIRT3 strains and the control mice. However, mitochondrial CL content was significantly decreased in SIRT3-M3 mice and associated to an upregulation of tafazzin gene expression. In addition, mitochondrial phospholipids and fatty acids composition was altered with an increase in the PC/PE ratio and arachidonic acid content and a reduction in the MUFA/SFA ratio. These modifications in mitochondrial membrane composition are associated with a reduction in the enzymatic activities of mitochondrial respiratory chain complexes I and IV. In spite of these mitochondrial enzymatic alterations, skeletal muscle mitochondrial respiration remained similar in SIRT3-M3 and control mice. Surprisingly, none of those metabolic alterations were detected in mitochondria from SIRT3-M1 mice. In conclusion, our data indicate a specific action of the shorter SIRT3 isoform on lipid mitochondrial membrane biosynthesis and functioning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Béatrice Chabi
- DMEM, INRA, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | - Gilles Fouret
- DMEM, INRA, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | | | | | - Narjès Baati
- DMEM, INRA, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
| | | | - Ligen Lin
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA.,State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicine, Institute of Chinese Medical Sciences, University of Macau, Macau, China
| | - Qiang Tong
- USDA/ARS Children's Nutrition Research Center, Department of Pediatrics, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX, USA
| | | | - François Casas
- DMEM, INRA, Université de Montpellier, Montpellier, France
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23
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Porceddu M, Buron N, Rustin P, Fromenty B, Borgne-Sanchez A. In Vitro Assessment of Mitochondrial Toxicity to Predict Drug-Induced Liver Injury. METHODS IN PHARMACOLOGY AND TOXICOLOGY 2018. [DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-7677-5_14] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
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24
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Lefort B, Gouache E, Acquaviva C, Tardieu M, Benoist JF, Dumas JF, Servais S, Chevalier S, Vianey-Saban C, Labarthe F. Pharmacological inhibition of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 restores mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation in human trifunctional protein deficient fibroblasts. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Basis Dis 2017; 1863:1292-1299. [PMID: 28392417 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbadis.2017.04.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2016] [Revised: 03/20/2017] [Accepted: 04/05/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Mitochondrial Trifunctional Protein deficiency (TFPD) is a severe genetic disease characterized by altered energy metabolism and accumulation of long-chain (LC) acylcarnitines in blood and tissues. This accumulation could impair the mitochondrial oxidative phosphorylation (OxPhos), contributing to the non-optimal outcome despite conventional diet therapy with medium-chain triglycerides (MCT). METHOD Acylcarnitine and OxPhos parameters were measured in TFPD-fibroblasts obtained from 8 children and cultured in medium mimicking fasting (LCFA) or conventional treatment (MCT), with or without Etomoxir (ETX) an inhibitor of carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1 (CPT1) activity, and were compared to results obtained with fibroblasts from 5 healthy-control children. The effects of various acylcarnitines were also tested on control fibroblasts. RESULTS In the LCFA-condition, TFPD-fibroblasts demonstrated a large accumulation of LC-acylcarnitines associated with decreased O2-consumption (63±3% of control, P<0.001) and ATP production (67±5%, P<0.001) without modification of coupling efficiency. A dose-dependent decrease in O2-consumption was reproduced in control fibroblasts by addition of increasing dose of LC-acylcarnitines, while it was almost preserved with MC-acylcarnitines. The MCT-condition reduced LC-acylcarnitine accumulation and partially improved O2-consumption (80±3%, P<0.01) in TFPD-fibroblasts. The addition of ETX in both LCFA- and MCT-conditions normalized acylcarnitine profiles and restored O2-consumption and ATP production at the same levels than control. CONCLUSION Accumulation of LC-acylcarnitines plays a major role in the pathophysiology of TFPD, reducing OxPhos capacities. These deleterious effects could be partially prevented by MCT-therapy and totally corrected by ETX. Inhibition of CPT1 may be view as a new therapeutic target for patients with a severe form of TFPD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Lefort
- CHU de Tours, Médecine Pédiatrique, Tours, France, and INSERM U1069, Université François Rabelais, Tours, France.
| | - Elodie Gouache
- CHU de Tours, Médecine Pédiatrique, Tours, France, and INSERM U1069, Université François Rabelais, Tours, France
| | | | - Marine Tardieu
- CHU de Tours, Médecine Pédiatrique, Tours, France, and INSERM U1069, Université François Rabelais, Tours, France
| | | | | | | | | | | | - François Labarthe
- CHU de Tours, Médecine Pédiatrique, Tours, France, and Inserm U1069, Université François Rabelais de Tours, PRES Centre-Val de Loire Universités, Tours, France
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25
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Acaz-Fonseca E, Ortiz-Rodriguez A, Lopez-Rodriguez AB, Garcia-Segura LM, Astiz M. Developmental Sex Differences in the Metabolism of Cardiolipin in Mouse Cerebral Cortex Mitochondria. Sci Rep 2017; 7:43878. [PMID: 28262723 PMCID: PMC5338321 DOI: 10.1038/srep43878] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2016] [Accepted: 01/25/2017] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Cardiolipin (CL) is a mitochondrial-specific phospholipid. CL content and acyl chain composition are crucial for energy production. Given that estradiol induces CL synthesis in neurons, we aimed to assess CL metabolism in the cerebral cortex (CC) of male and female mice during early postnatal life, when sex steroids induce sex-dimorphic maturation of the brain. Despite the fact that total amount of CL was similar, its fatty acid composition differed between males and females at birth. In males, CL was more mature (lower saturation ratio) and the expression of the enzymes involved in synthetic and remodeling pathways was higher, compared to females. Importantly, the sex differences found in CL metabolism were due to the testosterone peak that male mice experience perinatally. These changes were associated with a higher expression of UCP-2 and its activators in the CC of males. Overall, our results suggest that the perinatal testosterone surge in male mice regulates CL biosynthesis and remodeling in the CC, inducing a sex-dimorphic fatty acid composition. In male's CC, CL is more susceptible to peroxidation, likely explaining the testosterone-dependent induction of neuroprotective molecules such as UCP-2. These differences may account for the sex-dependent mitochondrial susceptibility after perinatal hypoxia/ischemia.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Mariana Astiz
- Instituto Cajal-CSIC. Avenida Doctor Arce 37, 28002 Madrid, Spain
- Biochemistry Research Institute of La Plata (INIBIOLP), CONICET. 60 and 120, 1900, La Plata, Argentina
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26
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Seyfried TN, Yu G, Maroon JC, D'Agostino DP. Press-pulse: a novel therapeutic strategy for the metabolic management of cancer. Nutr Metab (Lond) 2017; 14:19. [PMID: 28250801 PMCID: PMC5324220 DOI: 10.1186/s12986-017-0178-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 50] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2016] [Accepted: 02/17/2017] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND A shift from respiration to fermentation is a common metabolic hallmark of cancer cells. As a result, glucose and glutamine become the prime fuels for driving the dysregulated growth of tumors. The simultaneous occurrence of "Press-Pulse" disturbances was considered the mechanism responsible for reduction of organic populations during prior evolutionary epochs. Press disturbances produce chronic stress, while pulse disturbances produce acute stress on populations. It was only when both disturbances coincide that population reduction occurred. METHODS This general concept can be applied to the management of cancer by creating chronic metabolic stresses on tumor cell energy metabolism (press disturbance) that are coupled to a series of acute metabolic stressors that restrict glucose and glutamine availability while also stimulating cancer-specific oxidative stress (pulse disturbances). The elevation of non-fermentable ketone bodies protect normal cells from energy stress while further enhancing energy stress in tumor cells that lack the metabolic flexibility to use ketones as an efficient energy source. Mitochondrial abnormalities and genetic mutations make tumor cells vulnerable metabolic stress. RESULTS The press-pulse therapeutic strategy for cancer management is illustrated with calorie restricted ketogenic diets (KD-R) used together with drugs and procedures that create both chronic and intermittent acute stress on tumor cell energy metabolism, while protecting and enhancing the energy metabolism of normal cells. CONCLUSIONS Optimization of dosing, timing, and scheduling of the press-pulse therapeutic strategy will facilitate the eradication of tumor cells with minimal patient toxicity. This therapeutic strategy can be used as a framework for the design of clinical trials for the non-toxic management of most cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - George Yu
- George Washington University Medical Center Washington DC, and Aegis Medical & Research Associates Annapolis, Maryland, USA
| | - Joseph C Maroon
- Department of Neurosurgery, University of Pittsburgh Medical Center, Suite 5C, 200 Lothrop St, Pittsburgh, PA USA
| | - Dominic P D'Agostino
- Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, University of South Florida, Tampa, Florida USA
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27
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Dartier J, Lemaitre E, Chourpa I, Goupille C, Servais S, Chevalier S, Mahéo K, Dumas JF. ATP-dependent activity and mitochondrial localization of drug efflux pumps in doxorubicin-resistant breast cancer cells. Biochim Biophys Acta Gen Subj 2017; 1861:1075-1084. [PMID: 28214549 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagen.2017.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/03/2016] [Revised: 01/26/2017] [Accepted: 02/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/31/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND We hypothesized that, among the mechanisms of drug-resistance acquired by doxorubicin (DOX)-resistant breast cancer cells to maintain cell survival, ATP-dependent drug efflux pumps could be expressed in their mitochondrial membranes and this might limit the accumulation of DOX in this subcellular compartment in relation to mitochondrial ATP production. METHODS/RESULTS Mitochondrial DOX accumulation: the presence and the activity of mitochondrial efflux pumps and their relationship with mitochondrial ATP synthesis were analyzed in DOX-resistant (MCF-7doxR) and -sensitive (MCF-7S) breast cancer cells. Mitochondrial accumulation of DOX (autofluorescence) was decreased when ATP was produced, but only in MCF-7doxR. In these DOX-resistant cells, breast cancer resistance protein (BCRP) and multidrug resistance-associated protein (MRP1) were expressed and localized in mitochondria (confocal microscopy and confocal spectral imaging studies). In addition, mitochondrial accumulation of DOX was increased by BCRP and MRP1 inhibitors and, to a lower extent, by the mitochondrial ATP synthase inhibitor, oligomycin, in MCF-7doxR. CONCLUSIONS Both BCRP and MRP1 were localized in mitochondria and participated to the reduction of mitochondrial accumulation of DOX in MCF-7doxR. This process was partly dependent of mitochondrial ATP synthesis. GENERAL SIGNIFICANCE The present study provides novel insights in the involvement of mitochondria in the underlying mechanisms of DOX-resistance in breast cancer cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Julie Dartier
- INSERM UMR1069, "Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer", Tours, France; Université François Rabelais, Tours, France
| | - Elsa Lemaitre
- INSERM UMR1069, "Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer", Tours, France
| | - Igor Chourpa
- Université François Rabelais, Tours, France; EA 6295 "Nanomédicaments et Nanosondes", Tours, France; UFR Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Tours, France
| | - Caroline Goupille
- INSERM UMR1069, "Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer", Tours, France; CHRU Bretonneau, Tours, France
| | - Stéphane Servais
- INSERM UMR1069, "Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer", Tours, France; Université François Rabelais, Tours, France; IUT, Tours, France
| | - Stéphan Chevalier
- INSERM UMR1069, "Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer", Tours, France; Université François Rabelais, Tours, France; UFR Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Tours, France
| | - Karine Mahéo
- INSERM UMR1069, "Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer", Tours, France; Université François Rabelais, Tours, France; UFR Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Tours, France.
| | - Jean-François Dumas
- INSERM UMR1069, "Nutrition, Croissance et Cancer", Tours, France; Université François Rabelais, Tours, France; UFR Sciences Pharmaceutiques, Tours, France.
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28
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Kagan VE, Bayır H, Tyurina YY, Bolevich SB, Maguire JJ, Fadeel B, Balasubramanian K. Elimination of the unnecessary: Intra- and extracellular signaling by anionic phospholipids. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 482:482-490. [PMID: 28212735 PMCID: PMC5319735 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2016.11.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2016] [Accepted: 11/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
High fidelity of biological systems is frequently achieved by duplication of the essential intracellular machineries or, removal of the entire cell, which becomes unnecessary or even harmful in altered physiological environments. Carefully controlled removal of these cells, without damaging normal cells, requires precise signaling, and is critical to maintaining homeostasis. This review describes how two anionic phospholipids - phosphatidylserine (PS) and cardiolipin (CL) - residing in distinct compartments of the cell, signal removal of "the unnecessary" using several uniform principles. One of these principles is realized by collapse of inherent transmembrane asymmetry and the externalization of the signal on the outer membrane surface - mitochondria for CL and the plasma membrane for PS - to trigger mitophagy and phagocytosis, respectively. Release from damaged cells of intracellular structures with externalized CL or externalized PS triggers their elimination by phagocytosis. Another of these principles is realized by oxidation of polyunsaturated species of CL and PS. Highly specific oxidation of CL by cytochrome c serves as a signal for mitochondria-dependent apoptosis, while oxidation of externalized PS improves its effectiveness to trigger phagocytosis of effete cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valerian E Kagan
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Chemistry, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Human Pathology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia.
| | - Hülya Bayır
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Critical Care Medicine, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Yulia Y Tyurina
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Sergey B Bolevich
- Department of Human Pathology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University, Moscow, Russia
| | - John J Maguire
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
| | - Bengt Fadeel
- Nanosafety & Nanomedicine Laboratory, Division of Molecular Toxicology, Institute of Environmental Medicine, Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Krishnakumar Balasubramanian
- Center for Free Radical and Antioxidant Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA; Department of Environmental and Occupational Health, University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, PA, USA
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29
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Zhong H, Xiao M, Zarkovic K, Zhu M, Sa R, Lu J, Tao Y, Chen Q, Xia L, Cheng S, Waeg G, Zarkovic N, Yin H. Mitochondrial control of apoptosis through modulation of cardiolipin oxidation in hepatocellular carcinoma: A novel link between oxidative stress and cancer. Free Radic Biol Med 2017; 102:67-76. [PMID: 27838437 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2016.10.494] [Citation(s) in RCA: 85] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2016] [Revised: 10/21/2016] [Accepted: 10/21/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Altered redox status in cancer cells has been linked to lipid peroxidation induced by reactive oxygen species (ROS) and subsequent formation of reactive lipid electrophiles, especially 4-hydroxy-nonenal (4-HNE). Emerging evidence suggests that cancer cells manipulate redox status to acquire anti-apoptotic phenotype but the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Cardiolipin (CL), a mitochondria-specific inner membrane phospholipid, is critical for maintaining mitochondrial function. Paradoxically, liver tissues contain tetralinoleoyl cardiolipin (TLCL) as the major CL in mitochondria yet emerging evidence suggests that ROS generated in mitochondria may lead to CL peroxidation and activation of intrinsic apoptosis. It remains unclear how CL oxidation leads to apoptosis and its relevance to the pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC). We employed a mass spectrometry-based lipidomic approach to profile lipids in human tissues of HCC and found that CL was gradually decreased in tumor comparing to peripheral non-cancerous tissues, accompanied by a concomitant decrease of oxidized CL and its oxidation product, 4-HNE. Incubation of liver cancer cells with TLCL significantly restored apoptotic sensitivity accompanied by an increase of CL and its oxidation products when treated with staurosporine (STS) or Sorafenib (the standard treatment for late stage HCC patients). Our studies uncovered a novel mechanism by which cancer cells adopt to evade apoptosis, highlighting the importance of mitochondrial control of apoptosis through modulation of CL oxidation and subsequent 4-HNE formation in HCC. Thus manipulation of mitochondrial CL oxidation and lipid electrophile formation may have potential therapeutic value for diseases linked to oxidative stress and mitochondrial dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huiqin Zhong
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences (INS) Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 200031, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, Beijing, China
| | - Mengqing Xiao
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences (INS) Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 200031, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, Beijing, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Kamelija Zarkovic
- Division of Pathology, Clinical Hospital Centre & Medical Faculty, University of Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Mingjiang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences (INS) Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Rina Sa
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences (INS) Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 200031, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, Beijing, China
| | - Jianhong Lu
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences (INS) Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 200031, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, Beijing, China
| | - Yongzhen Tao
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences (INS) Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Qun Chen
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences (INS) Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 200031, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, Beijing, China
| | - Lin Xia
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences (INS) Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 200031, China
| | - Shuqun Cheng
- The Eastern Hepatobiliary Surgery Hospital, Shanghai, China
| | - Georg Waeg
- Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Karl Franz University of Graz, Austria
| | - Neven Zarkovic
- Rudjer Boskovic Institute, Laboratory for Oxidative Stress, Zagreb, Croatia
| | - Huiyong Yin
- Key Laboratory of Food Safety Research, Institute for Nutritional Sciences (INS) Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences (SIBS), Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), Shanghai 200031, China; University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, CAS, Beijing, China; Key Laboratory of Food Safety Risk Assessment, Ministry of Health, Beijing, China; School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, Shanghai 201210, China.
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30
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Pointer CB, Klegeris A. Cardiolipin in Central Nervous System Physiology and Pathology. Cell Mol Neurobiol 2016; 37:1161-1172. [PMID: 28039536 DOI: 10.1007/s10571-016-0458-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2016] [Accepted: 12/19/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Cardiolipin, an anionic phospholipid found primarily in the inner mitochondrial membrane, has many well-defined roles within the peripheral tissues, including the maintenance of mitochondrial membrane fluidity and the regulation of mitochondrial functions. Within the central nervous system (CNS), cardiolipin is found within both neuronal and non-neuronal glial cells, where it regulates metabolic processes, supports mitochondrial functions, and promotes brain cell viability. Furthermore, cardiolipin has been shown to act as an elimination signal and participate in programmed cell death by apoptosis of both neurons and glia. Since cardiolipin is associated with regulating brain homeostasis, the modification of its structure, or even a decrease in the overall levels of cardiolipin, can result in mitochondrial dysfunction, which is a characteristic feature of many diseases. In this review, we outline the various functions of cardiolipin within the cells of the CNS, including neurons, astrocytes, microglia, and oligodendrocytes. In addition, we discuss the role cardiolipin may play in the pathogenesis of the neurodegenerative disorders Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease, as well as traumatic brain injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caitlin B Pointer
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada
| | - Andis Klegeris
- Department of Biology, University of British Columbia, Okanagan Campus, Kelowna, BC, V1V 1V7, Canada.
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31
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Known unknowns of cardiolipin signaling: The best is yet to come. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2016; 1862:8-24. [PMID: 27498292 PMCID: PMC5323096 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2016.08.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 07/27/2016] [Accepted: 08/01/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Since its discovery 75years ago, a wealth of knowledge has accumulated on the role of cardiolipin, the hallmark phospholipid of mitochondria, in bioenergetics and particularly on the structural organization of the inner mitochondrial membrane. A surge of interest in this anionic doubly-charged tetra-acylated lipid found in both prokaryotes and mitochondria has emerged based on its newly discovered signaling functions. Cardiolipin displays organ, tissue, cellular and transmembrane distribution asymmetries. A collapse of the membrane asymmetry represents a pro-mitophageal mechanism whereby externalized cardiolipin acts as an "eat-me" signal. Oxidation of cardiolipin's polyunsaturated acyl chains - catalyzed by cardiolipin complexes with cytochrome c. - is a pro-apoptotic signal. The messaging functions of myriads of cardiolipin species and their oxidation products are now being recognized as important intracellular and extracellular signals for innate and adaptive immune systems. This newly developing field of research exploring cardiolipin signaling is the main subject of this review. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: Lipids of Mitochondria edited by Guenther Daum.
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