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Acun AD, Kantar D. Modulation of oxidative stress and apoptosis by alteration of bioactive lipids in the pancreas, and effect of zinc chelation in a rat model of Alzheimer's disease. J Trace Elem Med Biol 2024; 85:127480. [PMID: 38875759 DOI: 10.1016/j.jtemb.2024.127480] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/13/2024] [Revised: 06/03/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/16/2024]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Increasing epidemiological evidence highlights the association between systemic insulin resistance and Alzheimer's disease (AD). It is known that peripheral insulin resistance in the early stages of AD precedes and is a precursor to amyloid-β (Aβ) deposition. Although it is known that improving the CNS insulin sensitivity of AD patients is an important therapeutic goal and that the majority of insulin in the brain comes from the periphery, there has been little attention to the changes that occur in the pancreatic tissue of AD patients. Therefore, it is crucial to elucidate the mechanisms affecting insulin resistance in pancreatic tissue in AD. It is known that zinc (Zn2+) chelation is effective in reducing peripheral insulin resistance, cell apoptosis, cell death, and oxidative stress. OBJECTIVE It was aimed to determine the changes in bioactive lipids, amylin (AIPP), oxidative stress and apoptosis in pancreatic cells in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease. The main aim is to reveal the therapeutic effect of the Cyclo-Z agent on these changes seen in the pancreas due to AD disease. METHODS AD and ADC rats were intracerebroventricular (i.c.v.) Aβ1-42 oligomers. Cyclo-Z gavage was applied to ADC and SHC rats for 21 days. First of all, the effects of AIPP, bioactive ceramides, apoptosis and oxidative stress on the pancreatic tissue of AD group rats were evaluated. Then, the effect of Cyclo-Z treatment on these was examined. ELISA kit was used in biochemical analyses. RESULTS AIPP and ceramide (CER) levels and CER/ sphingosine-1 phosphate (S1P) ratio were increased in the pancreatic tissue of AD rats. It also increased the level of CER kinase (CERK), which is known to increase the concentration of CER 1-phosphate (C1P), which is known to be toxic to cells in the presence of excessive CER concentration. Due to the increase in CER level, it was observed that apoptosis and oxidative stress increased in the pancreatic cells of AD group rats. CONCLUSION Cyclo-Z, which has Zn2+ chelating properties, reduced AD model rats' AIPP level and oxidative stress and could prevent pancreatic apoptosis. Similar therapeutic effects were not observed in the pancreatic tissue of Cyclo-Z administered to the SH group. For this reason, it is thought that Cyclo-Z agent may have a therapeutic effect on the peripheral hyperinsulinemia observed in the early stages of AD disease and the resulting low amount of insulin transported to the brain, by protecting pancreatic cells from apoptosis and oxidative stress by regulating their bioactive metabolites.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alev Duygu Acun
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Arapsuyu, Antalya 07070, Turkey.
| | - Deniz Kantar
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Medicine, Akdeniz University, Arapsuyu, Antalya 07070, Turkey
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Chauhan A, Dubey S, Jain S. Association Between Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus and Alzheimer's Disease: Common Molecular Mechanism and Therapeutic Targets. Cell Biochem Funct 2024; 42:e4111. [PMID: 39228117 DOI: 10.1002/cbf.4111] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/12/2024] [Revised: 07/11/2024] [Accepted: 08/16/2024] [Indexed: 09/05/2024]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) and Alzheimer's disease (AD) rates are rising, mirroring the global trend of an aging population. Numerous epidemiological studies have shown that those with Type 2 diabetes (T2DM) have an increased risk of developing dementia. These degenerative and progressive diseases share some risk factors. To a large extent, the amyloid cascade is responsible for AD development. Neurofibrillary tangles induce neurodegeneration and brain atrophy; this chain reaction begins with hyperphosphorylation of tau proteins caused by progressive amyloid beta (Aβ) accumulation. In addition to these processes, it seems that alterations in brain glucose metabolism and insulin signalling lead to cell death and reduced synaptic plasticity in AD, before the onset of symptoms, which may be years away. Due to the substantial evidence linking insulin resistance in the brain with AD, researchers have coined the name "Type 3 diabetes" to characterize the condition. We still know little about the processes involved, even though current animal models have helped illuminate the links between T2DM and AD. This brief overview discusses insulin and IGF-1 signalling disorders and the primary molecular pathways that may connect them. The presence of GSK-3β in AD is intriguing. These proteins' association with T2DM and pancreatic β-cell failure suggests they might be therapeutic targets for both disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aparna Chauhan
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, Rajasthan, India
| | - Sachin Dubey
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, Rajasthan, India
| | - Smita Jain
- Department of Pharmacy, School of Chemical Sciences and Pharmacy, Central University of Rajasthan, Rajasthan, India
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Abyadeh M, Gupta V, Paulo JA, Mahmoudabad AG, Shadfar S, Mirshahvaladi S, Gupta V, Nguyen CTO, Finkelstein DI, You Y, Haynes PA, Salekdeh GH, Graham SL, Mirzaei M. Amyloid-beta and tau protein beyond Alzheimer's disease. Neural Regen Res 2024; 19:1262-1276. [PMID: 37905874 DOI: 10.4103/1673-5374.386406] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2023] [Accepted: 09/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/02/2023] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT The aggregation of amyloid-beta peptide and tau protein dysregulation are implicated to play key roles in Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis and are considered the main pathological hallmarks of this devastating disease. Physiologically, these two proteins are produced and expressed within the normal human body. However, under pathological conditions, abnormal expression, post-translational modifications, conformational changes, and truncation can make these proteins prone to aggregation, triggering specific disease-related cascades. Recent studies have indicated associations between aberrant behavior of amyloid-beta and tau proteins and various neurological diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis, as well as retinal neurodegenerative diseases like Glaucoma and age-related macular degeneration. Additionally, these proteins have been linked to cardiovascular disease, cancer, traumatic brain injury, and diabetes, which are all leading causes of morbidity and mortality. In this comprehensive review, we provide an overview of the connections between amyloid-beta and tau proteins and a spectrum of disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Vivek Gupta
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Joao A Paulo
- Department of Cell Biology, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
| | | | - Sina Shadfar
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Shahab Mirshahvaladi
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Veer Gupta
- School of Medicine, Deakin University, Geelong, VIC, Australia
| | - Christine T O Nguyen
- Department of Optometry and Vision Sciences, School of Health Sciences, Faculty of Medicine Dentistry and Health Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - David I Finkelstein
- The Florey Institute of Neuroscience and Mental Health, The University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, Australia
| | - Yuyi You
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Paul A Haynes
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW, Australia
| | - Ghasem H Salekdeh
- School of Natural Sciences, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, NSW, Australia
| | - Stuart L Graham
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Mehdi Mirzaei
- Department of Clinical Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, Health and Human Sciences, Macquarie Medical School, Macquarie University, Macquarie Park, North Ryde, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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Kullenberg H, Rossen J, Johansson UB, Hagströmer M, Nyström T, Kumlin M, Svedberg MM. Correlations between insulin-degrading enzyme and metabolic markers in patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes, Alzheimer's disease, and healthy controls: a comparative study. Endocrine 2024; 84:450-458. [PMID: 37980298 PMCID: PMC11076361 DOI: 10.1007/s12020-023-03603-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/07/2023] [Accepted: 11/07/2023] [Indexed: 11/20/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE This study aimed to explore correlations between insulin-degrading enzyme (IDE) and markers of metabolic function in a group of patients diagnosed with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) or Alzheimer's disease (AD) and metabolically healthy volunteers. METHOD We included 120 individuals (47 with T2DM, 9 with AD, and 64 healthy controls). Serum levels of IDE were measured with commercial kits for ELISA. Differences in IDE levels between groups were analyzed with non-parametric ANCOVA, and correlations were analyzed with Spearman's rank correlations. We also investigated the influence of age, sex, and the use of insulin on the correlation using a non-parametric version of partial correlation. RESULTS Patients diagnosed with T2DM had higher IDE levels than patients diagnosed with AD and healthy controls after adjustment for age and sex. IDE was increasingly associated with body mass index (BMI), fasting blood glucose, C-peptide, hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c), insulin resistance, and triglycerides. In stratified analyses, we found a decreasing partial correlation between IDE and HbA1c in patients diagnosed with AD and a decreasing partial correlation between IDE and C-peptide in healthy controls. In patients diagnosed with T2DM, we found no partial correlations. CONCLUSION These results indicate that IDE is essential in metabolic function and might reflect metabolic status, although it is not yet a biomarker that can be utilized in clinical practice. Further research on IDE in human blood may provide crucial insights into the full function of the enzyme.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena Kullenberg
- Department of Health Promoting Science, Sophiahemmet University, Stockholm, Sweden.
| | - Jenny Rossen
- Department of Health Promoting Science, Sophiahemmet University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Unn-Britt Johansson
- Department of Health Promoting Science, Sophiahemmet University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Hagströmer
- Department of Health Promoting Science, Sophiahemmet University, Stockholm, Sweden
- Division of Physiotherapy, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Karolinska Institutet, Stockholm, Sweden
- Academic Primary Health Care Centre, Region Stockholm, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Thomas Nyström
- Department of Clinical Science and Education, Karolinska Institutet, Södersjukhuset, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Maria Kumlin
- Department of Health Promoting Science, Sophiahemmet University, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Marie M Svedberg
- Department of Health Promoting Science, Sophiahemmet University, Stockholm, Sweden
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Jeon J, Lee D, Kim B, Park BY, Oh CJ, Kim MJ, Jeon JH, Lee IK, Park O, Baek S, Lim CW, Ryu D, Fang S, Auwerx J, Kim KT, Jung HY. CycloZ Improves Hyperglycemia and Lipid Metabolism by Modulating Lysine Acetylation in KK-Ay Mice. Diabetes Metab J 2023; 47:653-667. [PMID: 37098411 PMCID: PMC10555534 DOI: 10.4093/dmj.2022.0244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 11/03/2022] [Indexed: 04/27/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGRUOUND CycloZ, a combination of cyclo-His-Pro and zinc, has anti-diabetic activity. However, its exact mode of action remains to be elucidated. METHODS KK-Ay mice, a type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) model, were administered CycloZ either as a preventive intervention, or as a therapy. Glycemic control was evaluated using the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT), and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c) levels. Liver and visceral adipose tissues (VATs) were used for histological evaluation, gene expression analysis, and protein expression analysis. RESULTS CycloZ administration improved glycemic control in KK-Ay mice in both prophylactic and therapeutic studies. Lysine acetylation of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator 1-alpha, liver kinase B1, and nuclear factor-κB p65 was decreased in the liver and VATs in CycloZ-treated mice. In addition, CycloZ treatment improved mitochondrial function, lipid oxidation, and inflammation in the liver and VATs of mice. CycloZ treatment also increased the level of β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+), which affected the activity of deacetylases, such as sirtuin 1 (Sirt1). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest that the beneficial effects of CycloZ on diabetes and obesity occur through increased NAD+ synthesis, which modulates Sirt1 deacetylase activity in the liver and VATs. Given that the mode of action of an NAD+ booster or Sirt1 deacetylase activator is different from that of traditional T2DM drugs, CycloZ would be considered a novel therapeutic option for the treatment of T2DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jongsu Jeon
- R&D Center, NovMetaPharma Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Korea
| | - Dohyun Lee
- R&D Center, NovMetaPharma Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - Bobae Kim
- R&D Center, NovMetaPharma Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
| | - Bo-Yoon Park
- Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Chang Joo Oh
- Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Min-Ji Kim
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Jae-Han Jeon
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - In-Kyu Lee
- Research Institute of Aging and Metabolism, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
- Department of Internal Medicine, Kyungpook National University Hospital, School of Medicine, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, Korea
| | - Onyu Park
- R&D Center, NovMetaPharma Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
- School of Life Science, Handong Global University, Pohang, Korea
| | - Seoyeong Baek
- R&D Center, NovMetaPharma Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
- School of Life Science, Handong Global University, Pohang, Korea
| | - Chae Won Lim
- Department of Medicine, Graduate School, Daegu Catholic University, Gyeongsan, Korea
| | - Dongryeol Ryu
- Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Sungkyunkwan University School of Medicine, Suwon, Korea
- Biomedical Institute for Convergence at SKKU (BICS), Sungkyunkwan University, Suwon, Korea
| | - Sungsoon Fang
- Severance Biomedical Science Institute, Gangnam Severance Hospital, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- Graduate School of Medical Science, Brain Korea Project, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Johan Auwerx
- Laboratory of Integrative Systems Physiology, Institute of Bioengineering, Swiss Federal Institute of Technology in Lausanne, Lausanne, Switzerland
| | - Kyong-Tai Kim
- Department of Life Sciences, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Korea
| | - Hoe-Yune Jung
- R&D Center, NovMetaPharma Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea
- School of Interdisciplinary Bioscience and Bioengineering, Pohang University of Science and Technology (POSTECH), Pohang, Korea
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Torunoglu ST, Zajda A, Tampio J, Markowicz-Piasecka M, Huttunen KM. Metformin derivatives - Researchers' friends or foes? Biochem Pharmacol 2023; 215:115743. [PMID: 37591450 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2023.115743] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 08/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/09/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Metformin has been used for ages to treat diabetes mellitus due to its safety profile and low cost. However, metformin has variable pharmacokinetics in patients, and due to its poor oral absorption, the therapeutic doses are relatively high, causing unpleasant gastrointestinal adverse effects. Therefore, novel derivatives of metformin have been synthesized during the past decades. Particularly, after the mid-2000 s, when organic cation transporters were identified as the main metformin carriers, metformin derivatives have been under intensive investigation. Nevertheless, due to the biguanide structure, derivatives of metformin have been challenging to synthesize. Moreover, the mechanisms of metformin's action are not fully understood to date, and since it has multifunctional properties, the interests have switched to re-purposing for other diseases. Indeed, metformin derivatives have been demonstrated in many cases to be more effective than metformin itself and have the potential to be used in different diseases, including several types of cancers and neurodegenerative diseases. On the other hand, the pleiotropic nature of metformin and its derivatives can also create challenges. Not all properties are fit for all diseases. In this review, the history of the development of metformin-like compounds is summarized, and insights into their potential for future drug discovery are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sema Tuna Torunoglu
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland.
| | - Agnieszka Zajda
- Laboratory of Bioanalysis, Department of Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Drug Analysis and Radiopharmacy, Medical University of Lodz, ul. Muszyńskiego 1, 90-151 Lodz, Poland
| | - Janne Tampio
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland
| | | | - Kristiina M Huttunen
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, P.O. Box 1627, FI-70211 Kuopio, Finland.
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Madeswaran A, Mohan S. Neuroprotective effects of terpenoids against streptozotocin-nicotinamide-induced diabetic rats: An in silico, in vitro and in vivo study. Int J Biol Macromol 2023; 247:125817. [PMID: 37455002 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2023.125817] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2023] [Revised: 07/10/2023] [Accepted: 07/11/2023] [Indexed: 07/18/2023]
Abstract
The present study focused to determine the neuroprotective effects of terpenoids in streptozotocin & nicotinamide-induced type-2 diabetes in rats. The in silico studies were carried out for 68 terpenoids using AutoDock 4.2. The in vitro cholinestrerase, α-amylase enzyme inhibitory assays were perfomed using standard procedures. For in vivo neuroprotective studies, male wistar rats were separated into five groups and each group comprised of six animals. Treatment groups were received low dose and high dose α-Bisabolol 100 and 200 mg/kg respectively, and the standard groups received rivastigmine 2 mg/kg, p.o. and metformin group 100 mg/kg, p.o. for 30 consecutive days. Administration of streptozotocin (45 mg/kg, i.p.) and nicotinamide (110 mg/kg, i.p.)-induced the type 2 diabetes in all groups except the control. The behavioural assessments such as Morris water maze, and open field test were performed and biochemical parameters such as acetylcholinesterase levels and enzymatic antioxidants and reduced glutathione level were estimated from brain homogenates. Treatment of diabetic rats with α-Bisabolol was lowered blood glucose level, improved spatial recognition memory in behavioural assessments in a concentration dependent manner. It can be concluded that α-Bisabolol could act as a potential drug candidate in the management of diabetic Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Arumugam Madeswaran
- Department of Pharmacology, Karpagam College of Pharmacy, Affiliated to The Tamil Nadu Dr. MGR Medical University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India.
| | - Selleppan Mohan
- Karpagam College of Pharmacy, Affiliated to The Tamil Nadu Dr. MGR Medical University, Coimbatore, Tamil Nadu, India
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Chen M, Jia S, Xue M, Huang H, Xu Z, Yang D, Zhu W, Song Q. Dual-Stream Subspace Clustering Network for revealing gene targets in Alzheimer's disease. Comput Biol Med 2022; 151:106305. [PMID: 36401971 DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.106305] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 11/02/2022] [Accepted: 11/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
The rapid development of scRNA-seq technology in recent years has enabled us to capture high-throughput gene expression profiles at single-cell resolution, reveal the heterogeneity of complex cell populations, and greatly advance our understanding of the underlying mechanisms in human diseases. Traditional methods for gene co-expression clustering are limited to discovering effective gene groups in scRNA-seq data. In this paper, we propose a novel gene clustering method based on convolutional neural networks called Dual-Stream Subspace Clustering Network (DS-SCNet). DS-SCNet can accurately identify important gene clusters from large scales of single-cell RNA-seq data and provide useful information for downstream analysis. Based on the simulated datasets, DS-SCNet successfully clusters genes into different groups and outperforms mainstream gene clustering methods, such as DBSCAN and DESC, across different evaluation metrics. To explore the biological insights of our proposed method, we applied it to real scRNA-seq data of patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD). DS-SCNet analyzed the single-cell RNA-seq data with 10,850 genes, and accurately identified 8 optimal clusters from 6673 cells. Enrichment analysis of these gene clusters revealed functional signaling pathways including the ILS signaling, the Rho GTPase signaling, and hemostasis pathways. Further analysis of gene regulatory networks identified new hub genes such as ELF4 as important regulators of AD, which indicates that DS-SCNet contributes to the discovery and understanding of the pathogenesis in Alzheimer's disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minghan Chen
- Department of Computer Science, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Shishen Jia
- School of Automation, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Mengfan Xue
- School of Automation, Hangzhou Dianzi University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China; Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | | | - Ziang Xu
- Department of Computer Science, Wake Forest University, Winston-Salem, NC, USA
| | - Defu Yang
- Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China
| | - Wentao Zhu
- Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China.
| | - Qianqian Song
- Center for Cancer Genomics and Precision Oncology, Wake Forest Baptist Comprehensive Cancer Center, Wake Forest Baptist Medical Center, Winston Salem, NC, USA; Department of Cancer Biology, Wake Forest School of Medicine, Winston Salem, NC, USA.
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Cyclodipeptides: From Their Green Synthesis to Anti-Age Activity. Biomedicines 2022; 10:biomedicines10102342. [PMID: 36289604 PMCID: PMC9598056 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines10102342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2022] [Revised: 09/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/13/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclodipeptides (CDPs) or diketopiperazines (DKPs) are often found in nature and in foodstuff and beverages and have attracted great interest for their bioactivities, biocompatibility, and biodegradability. In the laboratory, they can be prepared by green procedures, such as microwave-assisted cyclization of linear dipeptides in water, as performed in this study. In particular, five CDPs were prepared and characterized by a variety of methods, including NMR and ESI-MS spectroscopies and single-crystal X-ray diffraction (XRD), and their cytocompatibility and anti-aging activity was tested in vitro, as well as their ability to penetrate the different layers of the skin. Although their mechanism of action remains to be elucidated, this proof-of-concept study lays the basis for their future use in anti-age cosmetic applications.
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Sutherland E, Harding CJ, Czekster CM. Active site remodelling of a cyclodipeptide synthase redefines substrate scope. Commun Chem 2022; 5:101. [DOI: 10.1038/s42004-022-00715-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
Abstract
AbstractCyclodipeptide synthases (CDPSs) generate a wide range of cyclic dipeptides using aminoacylated tRNAs as substrates. Histidine-containing cyclic dipeptides have important biological activities as anticancer and neuroprotective molecules. Out of the 120 experimentally validated CDPS members, only two are known to accept histidine as a substrate yielding cyclo(His-Phe) and cyclo(His-Pro) as products. It is not fully understood how CDPSs select their substrates, and we must rely on bioprospecting to find new enzymes and novel bioactive cyclic dipeptides. Here, we developed an in vitro system to generate an extensive library of molecules using canonical and non-canonical amino acids as substrates, expanding the chemical space of histidine-containing cyclic dipeptide analogues. To investigate substrate selection we determined the structure of a cyclo(His-Pro)-producing CDPS. Three consecutive generations harbouring single, double and triple residue substitutions elucidated the histidine selection mechanism. Moreover, substrate selection was redefined, yielding enzyme variants that became capable of utilising phenylalanine and leucine. Our work successfully engineered a CDPS to yield different products, paving the way to direct the promiscuity of these enzymes to produce molecules of our choosing.
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Rodrigues MO, Isoppo VG, Moro AV, Rodembusch FS. Photoactive organic-inorganic hybrid materials: From silylated compounds to optical applications. JOURNAL OF PHOTOCHEMISTRY AND PHOTOBIOLOGY C: PHOTOCHEMISTRY REVIEWS 2022. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jphotochemrev.2021.100474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
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Regazzoni L, Fumagalli L, Artasensi A, Gervasoni S, Gilardoni E, Mazzolari A, Aldini G, Vistoli G. Cyclo(His-Pro) Exerts Protective Carbonyl Quenching Effects through Its Open Histidine Containing Dipeptides. Nutrients 2022; 14:1775. [PMID: 35565743 PMCID: PMC9103439 DOI: 10.3390/nu14091775] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2022] [Revised: 04/11/2022] [Accepted: 04/19/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclo(His-Pro) (CHP) is a cyclic dipeptide which is endowed with favorable pharmacokinetic properties combined with a variety of biological activities. CHP is found in a number of protein-rich foods and dietary supplements. While being stable at physiological pH, CHP can open yielding two symmetric dipeptides (His-Pro, Pro-His), the formation of which might be particularly relevant from dietary CHP due to the gastric acidic environment. The antioxidant and protective CHP properties were repeatedly reported although the non-enzymatic mechanisms were scantly investigated. The CHP detoxifying activity towards α,β unsaturated carbonyls was never investigated in detail, although its open dipeptides might be effective as already observed for histidine containing dipeptides. Hence, this study investigated the scavenging properties of TRH, CHP and its open derivatives towards 4-hydroxy-2-nonenal. The obtained results revealed that Pro-His possesses a marked activity and is more reactive than l-carnosine. As investigated by DFT calculations, the enhanced reactivity can be ascribed to the greater electrophilicity of the involved iminium intermediate. These findings emphasize that the primary amine (as seen in l-carnosine) can be replaced by secondary amines with beneficial effects on the quenching mechanisms. Serum stability of the tested peptides was also evaluated, showing that Pro-His is characterized by a greater stability than l-carnosine. Docking simulations suggested that its hydrolysis can be catalyzed by serum carnosinase. Altogether, the reported results evidence that the antioxidant CHP properties can be also due to the detoxifying activity of its open dipeptides, which might be thus responsible for the beneficial effects induced by CHP containing food.
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Affiliation(s)
- Luca Regazzoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy; (L.R.); (L.F.); (A.A.); (S.G.); (E.G.); (A.M.); (G.A.)
| | - Laura Fumagalli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy; (L.R.); (L.F.); (A.A.); (S.G.); (E.G.); (A.M.); (G.A.)
| | - Angelica Artasensi
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy; (L.R.); (L.F.); (A.A.); (S.G.); (E.G.); (A.M.); (G.A.)
| | - Silvia Gervasoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy; (L.R.); (L.F.); (A.A.); (S.G.); (E.G.); (A.M.); (G.A.)
- Department of Physics, Università di Cagliari, Citt. Universitaria, I-09042 Monserrato, Italy
| | - Ettore Gilardoni
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy; (L.R.); (L.F.); (A.A.); (S.G.); (E.G.); (A.M.); (G.A.)
| | - Angelica Mazzolari
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy; (L.R.); (L.F.); (A.A.); (S.G.); (E.G.); (A.M.); (G.A.)
| | - Giancarlo Aldini
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy; (L.R.); (L.F.); (A.A.); (S.G.); (E.G.); (A.M.); (G.A.)
| | - Giulio Vistoli
- Dipartimento di Scienze Farmaceutiche, Università degli Studi di Milano, I-20133 Milano, Italy; (L.R.); (L.F.); (A.A.); (S.G.); (E.G.); (A.M.); (G.A.)
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Domínguez-Vías G, Segarra AB, Ramírez-Sánchez M, Prieto I. The Type of Fat in the Diet Influences Regulatory Aminopeptidases of the Renin-Angiotensin System and Stress in the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis in Adult Wistar Rats. Nutrients 2021; 13:nu13113939. [PMID: 34836194 PMCID: PMC8625891 DOI: 10.3390/nu13113939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2021] [Revised: 10/27/2021] [Accepted: 11/02/2021] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Prolonged feeding with a high-fat diet (HFD) acts as a stressor by activating the functions of the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal gland (HPA) stress axis, accompanied of hypertension by inducing the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system. Angiotensinases enzymes are regulatory aminopeptidases of angiotensin metabolism, which together with the dipeptidyl peptidase IV (DPP-IV), pyroglutamyl- and tyrosyl-aminopeptidase (pGluAP, TyrAP), participate in cognitive, stress, metabolic and cardiovascular functions. These functions appear to be modulated by the type of fat used in the diet. (2) Methods: To analyze a possible coordinated response of aminopeptidases, their activities were simultaneously determined in the hypothalamus, adenohypophysis and adrenal gland of adult male rats fed diets enriched with monounsaturated (standard diet (S diet) supplemented with 20% virgin olive oil; VOO diet) or saturated fatty acids (diet S supplemented with 20% butter and 0.1% cholesterol; Bch diet). Aminopeptidase activities were measured by fluorimetry using 2-Naphthylamine as substrates. (3) Results: the hypothalamus did not show differences in any of the experimental diets. In the pituitary, the Bch diet stimulated the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) by increasing certain angiotensinase activities (alanyl-, arginyl- and cystinyl-aminopeptidase) with respect to the S and VOO diets. DPP-IV activity was increased with the Bch diet, and TyrAP activity decrease with the VOO diet, having both a crucial role on stress and eating behavior. In the adrenal gland, both HFDs showed an increase in angiotensinase aspartyl-aminopeptidase. The interrelation of angiotensinases activities in the tissues were depending on the type of diet. In addition, correlations were shown between angiotensinases and aminopeptidases that regulate stress and eating behavior. (4) Conclusions: Taken together, these results support that the source of fat in the diet affects several peptidases activities in the HPA axis, which could be related to alterations in RAS, stress and feeding behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Germán Domínguez-Vías
- Unit of Physiology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Las Lagunillas, 23071 Jaén, Spain; (A.B.S.); (M.R.-S.)
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Ceuta, University of Granada, 18071 Granada, Spain
- Correspondence: (G.D.-V.); (I.P.); Tel.: +34-953-212008 (I.P.)
| | - Ana Belén Segarra
- Unit of Physiology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Las Lagunillas, 23071 Jaén, Spain; (A.B.S.); (M.R.-S.)
| | - Manuel Ramírez-Sánchez
- Unit of Physiology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Las Lagunillas, 23071 Jaén, Spain; (A.B.S.); (M.R.-S.)
| | - Isabel Prieto
- Unit of Physiology, Department of Health Sciences, University of Jaén, Las Lagunillas, 23071 Jaén, Spain; (A.B.S.); (M.R.-S.)
- Correspondence: (G.D.-V.); (I.P.); Tel.: +34-953-212008 (I.P.)
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14
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Bojarska J, Mieczkowski A, Ziora ZM, Skwarczynski M, Toth I, Shalash AO, Parang K, El-Mowafi SA, Mohammed EHM, Elnagdy S, AlKhazindar M, Wolf WM. Cyclic Dipeptides: The Biological and Structural Landscape with Special Focus on the Anti-Cancer Proline-Based Scaffold. Biomolecules 2021; 11:1515. [PMID: 34680148 PMCID: PMC8533947 DOI: 10.3390/biom11101515] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2021] [Revised: 10/11/2021] [Accepted: 10/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic dipeptides, also know as diketopiperazines (DKP), the simplest cyclic forms of peptides widespread in nature, are unsurpassed in their structural and bio-functional diversity. DKPs, especially those containing proline, due to their unique features such as, inter alia, extra-rigid conformation, high resistance to enzyme degradation, increased cell permeability, and expandable ability to bind a diverse of targets with better affinity, have emerged in the last years as biologically pre-validated platforms for the drug discovery. Recent advances have revealed their enormous potential in the development of next-generation theranostics, smart delivery systems, and biomaterials. Here, we present an updated review on the biological and structural profile of these appealing biomolecules, with a particular emphasis on those with anticancer properties, since cancers are the main cause of death all over the world. Additionally, we provide a consideration on supramolecular structuring and synthons, based on the proline-based DKP privileged scaffold, for inspiration in the design of compound libraries in search of ideal ligands, innovative self-assembled nanomaterials, and bio-functional architectures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joanna Bojarska
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of General & Inorganic Chemistry, Technical University of Lodz, 90-924 Lodz, Poland;
| | - Adam Mieczkowski
- Institute of Biochemistry and Biophysics, Polish Academy of Sciences, Pawinskiego 5a, 02-106 Warsaw, Poland;
| | - Zyta M. Ziora
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (Z.M.Z.); (I.T.)
| | - Mariusz Skwarczynski
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (M.S.); (A.O.S.)
| | - Istvan Toth
- Institute for Molecular Bioscience, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (Z.M.Z.); (I.T.)
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (M.S.); (A.O.S.)
- School of Pharmacy, The University of Queensland, Woolloongabba, QLD 4102, Australia
| | - Ahmed O. Shalash
- School of Chemistry and Molecular Biosciences, The University of Queensland, St. Lucia, QLD 4072, Australia; (M.S.); (A.O.S.)
| | - Keykavous Parang
- Center for Targeted Drug Delivery, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, Irvine, CA 92618, USA; (K.P.); (S.A.E.-M.); (E.H.M.M.)
| | - Shaima A. El-Mowafi
- Center for Targeted Drug Delivery, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, Irvine, CA 92618, USA; (K.P.); (S.A.E.-M.); (E.H.M.M.)
| | - Eman H. M. Mohammed
- Center for Targeted Drug Delivery, Department of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Harry and Diane Rinker Health Science Campus, School of Pharmacy, Chapman University, Irvine, CA 92618, USA; (K.P.); (S.A.E.-M.); (E.H.M.M.)
| | - Sherif Elnagdy
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt; (S.E.); (M.A.)
| | - Maha AlKhazindar
- Botany Department, Faculty of Science, Cairo University, Giza 12613, Egypt; (S.E.); (M.A.)
| | - Wojciech M. Wolf
- Faculty of Chemistry, Institute of General & Inorganic Chemistry, Technical University of Lodz, 90-924 Lodz, Poland;
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15
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Balachandra C, Padhi D, Govindaraju T. Cyclic Dipeptide: A Privileged Molecular Scaffold to Derive Structural Diversity and Functional Utility. ChemMedChem 2021; 16:2558-2587. [PMID: 33938157 DOI: 10.1002/cmdc.202100149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/01/2021] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Cyclic dipeptides (CDPs) are the simplest form of cyclic peptides with a wide range of applications from therapeutics to biomaterials. CDP is a versatile molecular platform endowed with unique properties such as conformational rigidity, intermolecular interactions, structural diversification through chemical synthesis, bioavailability and biocompatibility. A variety of natural products with the CDP core exhibit anticancer, antifungal, antibacterial, and antiviral activities. The inherent bioactivities have inspired the development of synthetic analogues as drug candidates and drug delivery systems. CDP plays a crucial role as conformation and molecular assembly directing core in the design of molecular receptors, peptidomimetics and fabrication of functional material architectures. In recent years, CDP has rapidly become a privileged scaffold for the design of advanced drug candidates, drug delivery agents, bioimaging, and biomaterials to mitigate numerous disease conditions. This review describes the structural diversification and multifarious biomedical applications of the CDP scaffold, discusses challenges, and provides future directions for the emerging field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chenikkayala Balachandra
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit and School of Advanced materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur P.O., Bangalore, 560064, India
| | - Dikshaa Padhi
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit and School of Advanced materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur P.O., Bangalore, 560064, India
| | - Thimmaiah Govindaraju
- Bioorganic Chemistry Laboratory, New Chemistry Unit and School of Advanced materials (SAMat), Jawaharlal Nehru Centre for Advanced Scientific Research (JNCASR), Jakkur P.O., Bangalore, 560064, India
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16
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Nopparat C, Chaopae W, Boontem P, Sopha P, Wongchitrat P, Govitrapong P. Melatonin Attenuates High Glucose-Induced Changes in Beta Amyloid Precursor Protein Processing in Human Neuroblastoma Cells. Neurochem Res 2021; 47:2568-2579. [PMID: 33713326 DOI: 10.1007/s11064-021-03290-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/09/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2021] [Accepted: 02/26/2021] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM), one of metabolic diseases, has been suggested as a risk factor for Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, how the metabolic pathway activates amyloid precursor protein (APP) processing enzymes then contributes to the increase of amyloid-beta (Aβ) production, is not clearly understood. In the present study, we aimed to examine the protective effect of melatonin against hyperglycemia-induced alterations in the amyloidogenic pathway. High concentration of glucose was used to induce hyperglycemia in human neuroblastoma SH-SY5Y cells. We found that 30 mM glucose affected the expression of insulin receptors and glucose transporters, which indicated the disruption of glucose sensing. High glucose induced the activation of the phosphorylated protein kinase B (pAkt)/GSK-3β signaling pathway and a significant increase in the expression of β-site beta APP cleaving enzyme (BACE1), presenilin1 (PS1) and Aβ42. Pretreatment with melatonin significantly reversed these parameters. We also showed that these effects are similar to those effects in the presence of the GSK-3β blocker, N-(4-methoxybenyl)-N'-(5-nitro-1,3-thiazol-2-yl) urea (ARA) in glucose-treated hyperglycemic cells. These suggested that melatonin exerted an inhibitory effect on the activation of APP-cleaving enzymes via the GSK-3β signaling pathway. Pretreatment with luzindole, a melatonin receptor MT1 antagonist, significantly prevented the effect of melatonin on the glucose-induced increase level of APP processing enzymes. This suggested that melatonin attenuated the toxic effect on hyperglycemia involving the amyloidogenic pathway partially mediated via melatonin receptor. Taken together the present results suggested that melatonin has a beneficial role in preventing Aβ generation in a cellular model of hyperglycemia-induced DM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chutikorn Nopparat
- Research Center for Neuroscience, Institute of Molecular Biosciences, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Worawut Chaopae
- Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6 Road Lak Si, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand
| | - Parichart Boontem
- Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6 Road Lak Si, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand
| | - Pattarawut Sopha
- Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6 Road Lak Si, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand
| | - Prapimpun Wongchitrat
- Center for Research and Innovation, Faculty of Medical Technology, Mahidol University, Nakhon Pathom, Thailand
| | - Piyarat Govitrapong
- Chulabhorn Graduate Institute, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, 54 Kamphaeng Phet 6 Road Lak Si, Bangkok, 10210, Thailand.
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17
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Cuomo P, Papaianni M, Sansone C, Iannelli A, Iannelli D, Medaglia C, Paris D, Motta A, Capparelli R. An In Vitro Model to Investigate the Role of Helicobacter pylori in Type 2 Diabetes, Obesity, Alzheimer's Disease and Cardiometabolic Disease. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21218369. [PMID: 33171588 PMCID: PMC7664682 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21218369] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/07/2020] [Revised: 10/30/2020] [Accepted: 11/04/2020] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Helicobacter pylori (Hp) is a Gram-negative bacterium colonizing the human stomach. Nuclear Magnetic Resonance (NMR) analysis of intracellular human gastric carcinoma cells (MKN-28) incubated with the Hp cell filtrate (Hpcf) displays high levels of amino acids, including the branched chain amino acids (BCAA) isoleucine, leucine, and valine. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) Array Technology shows upregulation of mammalian Target Of Rapamycin Complex 1 (mTORC1), inflammation, and mitochondrial dysfunction. The review of literature indicates that these traits are common to type 2 diabetes, obesity, Alzheimer’s diseases, and cardiometabolic disease. Here, we demonstrate how Hp may modulate these traits. Hp induces high levels of amino acids, which, in turn, activate mTORC1, which is the complex regulating the metabolism of the host. A high level of BCAA and upregulation of mTORC1 are, thus, directly regulated by Hp. Furthermore, Hp modulates inflammation, which is functional to the persistence of chronic infection and the asymptomatic state of the host. Finally, in order to induce autophagy and sustain bacterial colonization of gastric mucosa, the Hp toxin VacA localizes within mitochondria, causing fragmentation of these organelles, depletion of ATP, and oxidative stress. In conclusion, our in vitro disease model replicates the main traits common to the above four diseases and shows how Hp may potentially manipulate them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paola Cuomo
- Department of Agriculture Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, via Università, 100-Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy; (P.C.); (M.P.)
| | - Marina Papaianni
- Department of Agriculture Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, via Università, 100-Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy; (P.C.); (M.P.)
| | - Clementina Sansone
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Stazione Zoologica Anton Dohrn, 80121 Naples, Italy;
| | - Antonio Iannelli
- Department of Digestive Surgery, Université Côte d’Azur, Campus Valrose, Batiment L, Avenue de Valrose, 28-CEDEX 2, 06108 Nice, France;
- Inserm, U1065, Team 8 “Hepatic Complications of Obesity and Alcohol”, Route Saint Antoine de Ginestière 151, BP 2 3194, CEDEX 3, 06204 Nice, France
| | - Domenico Iannelli
- Department of Agriculture Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, via Università, 100-Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy; (P.C.); (M.P.)
- Correspondence: (D.I.); (R.C.)
| | - Chiara Medaglia
- Department of Microbiology and Molecular Medicine, University of Geneva Medical School, rue du Général-Dufour, 1211 Genève, Switzerland;
| | - Debora Paris
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council, via Campi Flegrei, 34-Pozzuoli, 80078 Naples, Italy; (D.P.); (A.M.)
| | - Andrea Motta
- Institute of Biomolecular Chemistry, National Research Council, via Campi Flegrei, 34-Pozzuoli, 80078 Naples, Italy; (D.P.); (A.M.)
| | - Rosanna Capparelli
- Department of Agriculture Sciences, University of Naples “Federico II”, via Università, 100-Portici, 80055 Naples, Italy; (P.C.); (M.P.)
- Correspondence: (D.I.); (R.C.)
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18
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The inefficacy of donepezil on glycated-AChE inhibition: Binding affinity, complex stability and mechanism. Int J Biol Macromol 2020; 160:35-46. [PMID: 32454110 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.05.177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2020] [Revised: 05/17/2020] [Accepted: 05/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Donepezil (DPZ) is a well-known drug for Alzheimer's disease that inhibits acetylcholinesterase activity (AChE). In the present study, the inhibitory effect of DPZ on non-enzymatic glycated-AChE (GLY-AChE) was studied by different experimental and simulation techniques. The initial investigation revealed that glycation process could reduce AChE activity approximately 60% in the pure enzyme and 38% in the extracted crude AChE from neural cells cultured in the presence of high glucose (HG) concentration. It is suggested that glycation of lysine residues on the structure of AChE could change the conformation of the active site (Trp-86 and His-447) in a way that the orientation of acetylcholine interrupted. The further studies indicated that DPZ is although a strong inhibitor for the native enzyme, it is not able to affect the GLY-AChE activity. The KD values of AChE-DPZ and GLY-AChE-DPZ complexes were estimated to be 1.88 × 10-9 and 2.10 × 10-6, respectively. The stability assessment showed that AChE-DPZ complex is more stable than the glycated complex. Our results indicate that, glycation process could impact on the conformation of the residues involved in the DPZ binding cavity on α-helix domain. Therefore, DPZ is not able to bind its specific cavity to induce its inhibitory effects on GLY-AChE.
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19
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Turkez H, Cacciatore I, Arslan ME, Fornasari E, Marinelli L, Di Stefano A, Mardinoglu A. Histidyl-Proline Diketopiperazine Isomers as Multipotent Anti-Alzheimer Drug Candidates. Biomolecules 2020; 10:biom10050737. [PMID: 32397415 PMCID: PMC7277666 DOI: 10.3390/biom10050737] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2020] [Revised: 04/26/2020] [Accepted: 04/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Cyclic dipeptides administered by both parenteral and oral routes are suggested as promising candidates for the treatment of neurodegeneration-related pathologies. In this study, we tested Cyclo (His-Pro) isomers (cHP1-4) for their anti-Alzheimer potential using a differentiated human neuroblastoma cell line (SH-SY5Y) as an Alzheimer’s disease (AD) experimental model. The SH-SY5Y cell line was differentiated by the application of all-trans retinoic acid (RA) to obtain mature neuron-like cells. Amyloid-beta 1-42 (Aβ1-42) peptides, the main effector in AD, were administered to the differentiated cell cultures to constitute the in vitro disease model. Next, we performed cell viability analyses 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) release assays) to investigate the neuroprotective concentrations of cyclodipeptides using the in vitro AD model. We evaluated acetylcholinesterase (AChE), α- and β-secretase activities (TACE and BACE1), antioxidant potency, and apoptotic/necrotic properties and performed global gene expression analysis to understand the main mechanism behind the neuroprotective features of cHP1-4. Moreover, we conducted sister chromatid exchange (SCE), micronucleus (MN), and 8-hydroxy-2′-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG) analyses to evaluate the genotoxic damage potential after applications with cHP1-4 on cultured human lymphocytes. Our results revealed that cHP1-4 isomers provide a different degree of neuroprotection against Aβ1-42-induced cell death on the in vitro AD model. The applications with cHP1-4 isomers altered the activity of AChE but not the activity of TACE and BACE1. Our analysis indicated that the cHP1-4 increased the total antioxidant capacity without altering total oxidative status levels in the cellular AD model and that cHP1-4 modulated the alterations of gene expressions by Aβ1-42 exposure. We also observed that cHP1-4 exhibited noncytotoxic and non-genotoxic features in cultured human whole blood cells. In conclusion, cHP1-4 isomers, especially cHP4, have been explored as novel promising therapeutics against AD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hasan Turkez
- Department of Medical Biology, Faculty of Medicine, Atatürk University, 25240 Erzurum, Turkey
- Correspondence: (H.T.); (A.M.)
| | - Ivana Cacciatore
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti Scalo (CH), Italy; (I.C.); (E.F.); (L.M.); (A.D.S.)
| | - Mehmet Enes Arslan
- Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Erzurum Technical University, 25050 Erzurum, Turkey;
| | - Erika Fornasari
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti Scalo (CH), Italy; (I.C.); (E.F.); (L.M.); (A.D.S.)
| | - Lisa Marinelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti Scalo (CH), Italy; (I.C.); (E.F.); (L.M.); (A.D.S.)
| | - Antonio Di Stefano
- Department of Pharmacy, University “G. d’Annunzio” of Chieti-Pescara, via dei Vestini 31, 66100 Chieti Scalo (CH), Italy; (I.C.); (E.F.); (L.M.); (A.D.S.)
| | - Adil Mardinoglu
- Science for Life Laboratory, KTH-Royal Institute of Technology, SE-17121 Stockholm, Sweden
- Centre for Host-Microbiome Interactions, Faculty of Dentistry, Oral & Craniofacial Sciences, King’s College London, London SE1 9RT, UK
- Correspondence: (H.T.); (A.M.)
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20
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Jash K, Gondaliya P, Kirave P, Kulkarni B, Sunkaria A, Kalia K. Cognitive dysfunction: A growing link between diabetes and Alzheimer's disease. Drug Dev Res 2020; 81:144-164. [DOI: 10.1002/ddr.21579] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2019] [Revised: 06/12/2019] [Accepted: 06/30/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Kavya Jash
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Ahmedabad Gandhinagar Gujarat India
| | - Piyush Gondaliya
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Ahmedabad Gandhinagar Gujarat India
| | - Prathibha Kirave
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Ahmedabad Gandhinagar Gujarat India
| | - Bhagyashri Kulkarni
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Ahmedabad Gandhinagar Gujarat India
| | - Aditya Sunkaria
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Ahmedabad Gandhinagar Gujarat India
| | - Kiran Kalia
- Department of Biotechnology, National Institute of Pharmaceutical Education and Research Ahmedabad Gandhinagar Gujarat India
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21
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Hu Z, Jiao R, Wang P, Zhu Y, Zhao J, De Jager P, Bennett DA, Jin L, Xiong M. Shared Causal Paths underlying Alzheimer's dementia and Type 2 Diabetes. Sci Rep 2020; 10:4107. [PMID: 32139775 PMCID: PMC7058072 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-60682-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2019] [Accepted: 02/03/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Although Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a central nervous system disease and type 2 diabetes MELLITUS (T2DM) is a metabolic disorder, an increasing number of genetic epidemiological studies show clear link between AD and T2DM. The current approach to uncovering the shared pathways between AD and T2DM involves association analysis; however such analyses lack power to discover the mechanisms of the diseases. As an alternative, we developed novel causal inference methods for genetic studies of AD and T2DM and pipelines for systematic multi-omic casual analysis to infer multilevel omics causal networks for the discovery of common paths from genetic variants to AD and T2DM. The proposed pipelines were applied to 448 individuals from the ROSMAP Project. We identified 13 shared causal genes, 16 shared causal pathways between AD and T2DM, and 754 gene expression and 101 gene methylation nodes that were connected to both AD and T2DM in multi-omics causal networks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zixin Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Rong Jiao
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA
| | - Panpan Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yun Zhu
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, Florida, USA
| | - Jinying Zhao
- Department of Epidemiology, University of Florida, Florida, USA
| | - Phil De Jager
- Center for Translational & Computational Neuroimmunology, Department of Neurology, Columbia University Medical Center, New York, 10033, USA
| | - David A Bennett
- Rush Alzheimer's Disease Center, Rush University Medical Center, Chicago, IL, 60612, USA
| | - Li Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Genetic Engineering and Innovation Center of Genetics and Development, School of Life Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Human Phenome Institute, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Momiao Xiong
- Department of Biostatistics and Data Science, School of Public Health, University of Texas Health Science Center at Houston, Houston, Texas, USA.
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22
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Salama II, Salama SI, Elmosalami DM, Saleh RM, Rasmy H, Ibrahim MH, Kamel SA, Ganem MMF, Raslan HM. Risk Factors Associated with Mild Cognitive Impairment among Apparently Healthy People and the Role of MicroRNAs. Open Access Maced J Med Sci 2019; 7:3253-3261. [PMID: 31949526 PMCID: PMC6953955 DOI: 10.3889/oamjms.2019.834] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 09/18/2019] [Accepted: 09/19/2019] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND: Mild cognitive impairment (MCI) is a stage between the expected cognitive decline of normal ageing and the serious decline of dementia. AIM: To identify risk factors and role of miRNAs associated with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) among employees. SUBJECTS AND METHOD: A cross-sectional study was carried out on 186 employees aged between 40 and 65 years. Cognitive function was evaluated using ACEIII, MoCA, and Quick cognitive tests. Medical history and lifestyle were assessed. Family 132 & 134 miRNA expressions were assessed by real-time PCR. RESULTS: MCI was detected among 14 / 186 (7.5%). miRNA 132 expression was the only significant miRNAs to detect MCI with low sensitivity and specificity (70%). The logistic analysis revealed that higher miRNA132 expressions, low monthly intake of; vegetables, unroasted nuts, low education and higher ALT levels were predicting factors for MCI with AOR 1.1 (1.01-3.3), 1.2 (1.04-1.43), 0.8 (0.8-0.98), 2.7 (1.9-7.4) and 1.6 (1.1-2.3) respectively. CONCLUSION: MiRNAs expression showed low sensitivity and specificity in detecting MCI; only miRNA 132 might be used. Several modifiable factors seem to reduce the risk of MCI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iman I Salama
- Community Medicine Research Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Somaia I Salama
- Community Medicine Research Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Dalia M Elmosalami
- Community Medicine Research Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rehan M Saleh
- Community Medicine Research Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hanaa Rasmy
- Clinical and Chemical Pathology Medical Division, Centre of Excellence, Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona Hamed Ibrahim
- Clinical and Chemical Pathology Medical Division, Centre of Excellence, Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Solaf Ahmed Kamel
- Clinical and Chemical Pathology Medical Division, Centre of Excellence, Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mona M F Ganem
- Internal Medicine Research Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Hala M Raslan
- Internal Medicine Research Department, National Research Centre, Cairo, Egypt
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23
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Rorbach-Dolata A, Piwowar A. Neurometabolic Evidence Supporting the Hypothesis of Increased Incidence of Type 3 Diabetes Mellitus in the 21st Century. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2019; 2019:1435276. [PMID: 31428627 PMCID: PMC6679855 DOI: 10.1155/2019/1435276] [Citation(s) in RCA: 33] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2019] [Accepted: 07/03/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The most recent evidence supports the existence of a link between type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and Alzheimer's Disease (AD), described by the new term: type 3 diabetes (T3D). The increasing incidence of T2DM in the 21st century and accompanying reports on the higher risk of AD in diabetic patients prompts the search for pathways linking glycemia disturbances and neurodegeneration. It is suggested that hyperglycemia may lead to glutamate-induced excitotoxicity, a pathological process resulting from excessive depolarization of membrane and uncontrolled calcium ion influx into neuronal cells. On the other hand, it has been confirmed that peripheral insulin resistance triggers insulin resistance in the brain, which may consequently contribute to AD by amyloid beta accumulation, tau phosphorylation, oxidative stress, advanced glycation end products, and apoptosis. Some literature sources suggest significant amylin involvement in additional amyloid formation in the central nervous system, especially under hyperamylinemic conditions. It is particularly important to provide early diagnostics in people with metabolic disturbances, especially including fasting insulin and HOMA-IR, which are necessary to reveal insulin resistance. The present review reveals the most recent and important evidence associated with the phenomenon of T3D and discusses the potential lacks of prevention and diagnostics for diabetes which might result in neurometabolic disorders, from a pharmacotherapy perspective.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anna Rorbach-Dolata
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Diagnostics, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-552 Wroclaw, Poland
| | - Agnieszka Piwowar
- Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy with the Division of Laboratory Diagnostics, Wroclaw Medical University, Borowska 211, 50-552 Wroclaw, Poland
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24
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Lakstygal AM, de Abreu MS, Lifanov DA, Wappler-Guzzetta EA, Serikuly N, Alpsyshov ET, Wang D, Wang M, Tang Z, Yan D, Demin KA, Volgin AD, Amstislavskaya TG, Wang J, Song C, Alekseeva P, Kalueff AV. Zebrafish models of diabetes-related CNS pathogenesis. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2019; 92:48-58. [PMID: 30476525 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2018.11.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2018] [Revised: 11/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes mellitus (DM) is a common metabolic disorder that affects multiple organ systems. DM also affects brain processes, contributing to various CNS disorders, including depression, anxiety and Alzheimer's disease. Despite active research in humans, rodent models and in-vitro systems, the pathogenetic link between DM and brain disorders remains poorly understood. Novel translational models and new model organisms are therefore essential to more fully study the impact of DM on CNS. The zebrafish (Danio rerio) is a powerful novel model species to study metabolic and CNS disorders. Here, we discuss how DM alters brain functions and behavior in zebrafish, and summarize their translational relevance to studying DM-related CNS pathogenesis in humans. We recognize the growing utility of zebrafish models in translational DM research, as they continue to improve our understanding of different brain pathologies associated with DM, and may foster the discovery of drugs that prevent or treat these diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anton M Lakstygal
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia; Laboratory of Preclinical Bioscreening, Granov Russian Research Center of Radiology and Surgical Technologies, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Pesochny, Russia
| | - Murilo S de Abreu
- Bioscience Institute, University of Passo Fundo (UPF), Passo Fundo, RS, Brazil; The International Zebrafish Neuroscience Research Consortium (ZNRC), Slidell, LA, USA
| | - Dmitry A Lifanov
- Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia; Laboratory of Preclinical Bioscreening, Granov Russian Research Center of Radiology and Surgical Technologies, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Pesochny, Russia; School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | | | - Nazar Serikuly
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | | | - DongMei Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - MengYao Wang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - ZhiChong Tang
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - DongNi Yan
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China
| | - Konstantin A Demin
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia; Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Andrey D Volgin
- Scientific Research Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia
| | | | - JiaJia Wang
- Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China; Marine Medicine Development Center, Shenzhen Institute, Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Cai Song
- Institute for Marine Drugs and Nutrition, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, China; Marine Medicine Development Center, Shenzhen Institute, Guangdong Ocean University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Polina Alekseeva
- Institute of Experimental Medicine, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia
| | - Allan V Kalueff
- School of Pharmacy, Southwest University, Chongqing, China; Institute of Experimental Medicine, Almazov National Medical Research Centre, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, St. Petersburg, Russia; Laboratory of Biological Psychiatry, Institute of Translational Biomedicine, St. Petersburg State University, St. Petersburg, Russia; Scientific Research Institute of Physiology and Basic Medicine, Novosibirsk, Russia; Ural Federal University, Ekaterinburg, Russia; Russian Scientific Center of Radiology and Surgical Technologies, Ministry of Healthcare of Russian Federation, Pesochny, Russia; ZENEREI Research Center, Slidell, LA, USA.
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25
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Liu M, Liu Q, Chen M, Huang X, Chen X. Large‐scale separation of acetylcholinesterase inhibitors from
Zanthoxylum nitidum
by pH‐zone‐refining counter‐current chromatography target‐guided by ultrafiltration high‐performance liquid chromatography with ultraviolet and mass spectrometry screening. J Sep Sci 2019; 42:1194-1201. [DOI: 10.1002/jssc.201801238] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 01/02/2019] [Accepted: 01/07/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Minzhuo Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringCentral South University Changsha P. R. China
| | - Qi Liu
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringCentral South University Changsha P. R. China
| | - Miao Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringCentral South University Changsha P. R. China
| | - Xueqian Huang
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringCentral South University Changsha P. R. China
| | - Xiaoqing Chen
- College of Chemistry and Chemical EngineeringCentral South University Changsha P. R. China
- Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Water Environment and Agriculture Product SafetyCentral South University Changsha P. R. China
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26
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Antidiabetic and Neuroprotective Effect of the N-Butanol Extract of Fragaria nilgerrensis Schlecht. in STZ-Induced Diabetic Mice. EVIDENCE-BASED COMPLEMENTARY AND ALTERNATIVE MEDICINE 2018; 2018:6938370. [PMID: 30254687 PMCID: PMC6142753 DOI: 10.1155/2018/6938370] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2018] [Revised: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 08/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Diabetes has been associated with neurodegenerative disorders that are accompanied by memory loss and cognitive impairments, but there is no effective treatment for it at present. Fragaria nilgerrensis Schlecht. (FNS), a well-known Chinese materia medica, has been traditionally used for the folkloric treatment of diabetes and other diseases. However, its effects are poorly documented. Here, we investigated the antidiabetic and neuroprotective effect of FNS in diabetic mice. Thin layer chromatography (TLC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) evaluations of N-butanol extract of Fragaria nilgerrensis Schlecht. (N-FNS) showed the presence of flavonoid and its structure is similar to scutellarin. For the first time, we show the potential neuroprotective and antidiabetic effects of FNS. After 4 weeks of FNS intervention, a significant decrease in blood glucose, increase in body weight, and amelioration in glucose tolerance were observed in FNS treated diabetic mice. In the acute study, FNS enhanced motor activity in the open field task and significantly prevented spatial-learning deficits in Morris water maze tests. Besides, synapse ultrastructure of the hippocampus showed that the mitochondrial morphology was basically restored and all the synaptic structural parameters were gradually normalized after treatment with FNS. Importantly, we found that the activities of SOD and CAT in liver and hippocampus of diabetic mice significantly increased after FNS administration. In vitro, FNS and scutellarin showed high DPPH radical scavenging activity. The study suggests that FNS exerted significant antidiabetic and neuroprotective effects which may be attributed to its antioxidant property.
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27
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Lee S, Kim JY, Kim E, Seo K, Kang YJ, Kim JY, Kim CH, Song HT, Saksida LM, Lee JE. Assessment of Cognitive Impairment in a Mouse Model of High-Fat Diet-Induced Metabolic Stress with Touchscreen-Based Automated Battery System. Exp Neurobiol 2018; 27:277-286. [PMID: 30181690 PMCID: PMC6120966 DOI: 10.5607/en.2018.27.4.277] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/10/2018] [Revised: 08/03/2018] [Accepted: 08/06/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
Obesity-related metabolic disorders can affect not only systemic health but also brain function. Recent studies have elucidated that amyloid beta deposition cannot satisfactorily explain the development of Alzheimer's disease (AD) and that dysregulation of glucose metabolism is a critical factor for the sporadic onset of non-genetic AD. Identifying the pathophysiology of AD due to changes in brain metabolism is crucial; however, it is limited in measuring changes in brain cognitive function due to metabolic changes in animal models. The touchscreen-based automated battery system, which is more accurate and less invasive than conventional behavioral test tools, is used to assess the cognition of mice with dysregulated metabolism. This system was introduced in humans to evaluate cognitive function and was recently back-translated in monkeys and rodents. We used outbred ICR mice fed on high-fat diet (HFD) and performed the paired associates learning (PAL) test to detect their visual memory and new learning ability loss as well as to assess memory impairment. The behavioral performance of the HFD mice was weaker than that of normal mice in the training but was not significantly associated with motivation. In the PAL test, the average number of trials completed and proportion of correct touches was significantly lower in HFD mice than in normal diet-fed mice. Our results reveal that HFD-induced metabolic dysregulation has detrimental effects on operant learning according to the percentage of correct responses in PAL. These findings establish that HFD-induced metabolic stress may have an effect in accelerating AD-like pathogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saeram Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea.,BK21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, and Brain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Jong Youl Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Eosu Kim
- BK21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, and Brain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea.,Department of Psychiatry, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - KyoungYul Seo
- Department of Ophthalmology and The Institute of Vision Research, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Youn Jae Kang
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea.,BK21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, and Brain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Jae Young Kim
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Chul-Hoon Kim
- BK21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, and Brain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea.,Department of Pharmacology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Ho Taek Song
- Department of Radiology, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
| | - Lisa M Saksida
- Department of Psychology and MRC/Wellcome Trust Behavioural and Clinical Neuroscience Institute, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, UK.,Canada Research Chair in Translational Cognitive Neuroscience, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6G 2VA, Canada.,Department of Pharmacology & Physiology, University of Western Ontario, London, ON N6G 2VA, Canada
| | - Jong Eun Lee
- Department of Anatomy, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea.,BK21 PLUS Project for Medical Science, and Brain Research Institute, Yonsei University College of Medicine, Seoul 03722, Korea
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28
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Kazkayasi I, Burul-Bozkurt N, Ismail MAM, Merino-Serrais P, Pekiner C, Cedazo-Minguez A, Uma S. Insulin deprivation decreases insulin degrading enzyme levels in primary cultured cortical neurons and in the cerebral cortex of rats with streptozotocin-induced diabetes. Pharmacol Rep 2018; 70:677-683. [PMID: 29940507 DOI: 10.1016/j.pharep.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 01/30/2018] [Indexed: 02/01/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Inci Kazkayasi
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Ankara, Turkey.
| | - Nihan Burul-Bozkurt
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Muhammad-Al-Mustafa Ismail
- Karolinska Institute, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division for Neurogeriatrics, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Paula Merino-Serrais
- Karolinska Institute, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division for Neurogeriatrics, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Can Pekiner
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Angel Cedazo-Minguez
- Karolinska Institute, Department of Neurobiology, Care Sciences and Society, Center for Alzheimer Research, Division for Neurogeriatrics, Huddinge, Sweden
| | - Serdar Uma
- Hacettepe University, Faculty of Pharmacy, Department of Pharmacology, Ankara, Turkey
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29
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Melucci D, Locatelli M, Locatelli C, Zappi A, De Laurentiis F, Carradori S, Campestre C, Leporini L, Zengin G, Picot CMN, Menghini L, Mahomoodally MF. A Comparative Assessment of Biological Effects and Chemical Profile of Italian Asphodeline lutea Extracts. Molecules 2018; 23:molecules23020461. [PMID: 29463056 PMCID: PMC6017467 DOI: 10.3390/molecules23020461] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2018] [Revised: 02/16/2018] [Accepted: 02/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The present study aims to highlight the therapeutic potential of Asphodeline lutea (AL), a wild edible plant of the Mediterranean diet. Roots, aerial parts, and flowers of AL at two different phenological stages were collected from three locations in Italy. The inhibitory activities of extracts on strategic enzymes linked to human diseases were assessed. The antioxidant properties were evaluated in vitro, using six standard bioassays. The phenolic and anthraquinone profiles were also established using HPLC-PDA. Zinc, cadmium, lead, and copper contents were also determined. All the samples inhibited acetylcholinesterase (from 1.51 to 2.20 mg GALAEs/g extract), tyrosinase (from 7.50 to 25.3 mg KAEs/g extract), and α-amylase (from 0.37 to 0.51 mmol ACAEs/g extract). Aloe-emodin and physcion were present in all parts, while rhein was not detected. The phenolic profile and the heavy metals composition of specimens gathered from three different regions of Italy were different. It can be argued that samples collected near the street can contain higher concentrations of heavy metals. The experimental data confirm that the A. lutea species could be considered as a potential source of bioactive metabolites, and its consumption could play a positive and safe role in human health maintenance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dora Melucci
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy.
| | - Marcello Locatelli
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. D'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti 66100, Italy.
- Interuniversity Consortium of Structural and Systems Biology, Rome 00136, Italy.
| | - Clinio Locatelli
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy.
| | - Alessandro Zappi
- Department of Chemistry "G. Ciamician", University of Bologna, Bologna 40126, Italy.
| | | | - Simone Carradori
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. D'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti 66100, Italy.
| | - Cristina Campestre
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. D'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti 66100, Italy.
| | - Lidia Leporini
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. D'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti 66100, Italy.
| | - Gokhan Zengin
- Department of Biology, Selcuk University, Campus, 42250, Konya 42130, Turkey.
| | | | - Luigi Menghini
- Department of Pharmacy, University "G. D'Annunzio" of Chieti-Pescara, Chieti 66100, Italy.
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30
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Ashigai H, Taniguchi Y, Matsukura Y, Ikeshima E, Nakashima K, Mizutani M, Yajima H. Roasted Barley Extract Affects Blood Flow in the Rat Tail and Increases Cutaneous Blood Flow and Skin Temperature in Humans. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2018; 66:1251-1257. [PMID: 29338262 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.7b04930] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Roasted barley extract (RBE, "Mugicha") is a traditional Japanese beverage reported to improve blood viscosity and affect food functionality. RBE is suggested to contain 2,5-diketopiperazines, which are the functional component with neuroprotective and immunostimulatory effects that are produced in food through roasting. In this study, we investigated the effects of RBE on blood circulation, both clinically and in rats. At first, we confirmed five 2,5-diketopiperazine derivatives in RBE by LC-MS analysis. Secondarily, we revealed that RBE affects blood flow in the rat tail and compared the efficacy on rat tail blood flow among five 2,5-diketopiperazines in RBE. Especially, cyclo(d-Phe-l-Pro) was the most effective in increasing blood flow in the rat tail. We also researched the mechanism of cyclo(d-Phe-l-Pro) with rat aorta study. As a result, we confirmed that cyclo(d-Phe-l-Pro) has an effect on vasodilatation through the release of nitric oxide in the vascular endothelium. Finally, we also confirmed that RBE affects cutaneous blood flow and increases skin temperature in humans.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Ashigai
- Research Laboratories for Health Science & Food Technologies, Kirin Co., Ltd. , 1-17-5 Namamugi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-8628, Japan
| | - Yoshimasa Taniguchi
- Research Laboratories for Key Technologies, Kirin Co., Ltd. , 1-13-5 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Yasuko Matsukura
- Research Laboratories for Key Technologies, Kirin Co., Ltd. , 1-13-5 Fukuura, Kanazawa-ku, Yokohama 236-0004, Japan
| | - Emiko Ikeshima
- Research Laboratories for Health Science & Food Technologies, Kirin Co., Ltd. , 1-17-5 Namamugi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-8628, Japan
| | - Keiko Nakashima
- Research Laboratories for Health Science & Food Technologies, Kirin Co., Ltd. , 1-17-5 Namamugi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-8628, Japan
| | - Mai Mizutani
- Research Laboratories for Health Science & Food Technologies, Kirin Co., Ltd. , 1-17-5 Namamugi, Tsurumi-ku, Yokohama 230-8628, Japan
| | - Hiroaki Yajima
- Research & Development Planning Department, Research & Development Division, Kirin Co., Ltd. , 4-10-2 Nakano, Nakano-ku, Tokyo 164-0001, Japan
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31
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Ye J, Hu X, Luo S, McClements DJ, Liang L, Liu C. Effect of endogenous proteins and lipids on starch digestibility in rice flour. Food Res Int 2018; 106:404-409. [PMID: 29579941 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2018.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 160] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2017] [Revised: 01/03/2018] [Accepted: 01/07/2018] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
The composition and structure of the food matrix can have a major impact on the digestion. The aim of this work was to investigate the effects of endogenous proteins and lipids on starch digestibility in rice flour, with an emphasis on establishing the underlying physicochemical mechanisms involved. Native long-grain indica rice flour and rice flour with the lipids and/or proteins removed were subjected to a simulated digestion in vitro. A significant increase in starch digestibility was observed after removal of proteins, lipids, or both. The starch digestibility of the rice flour without lipids was slightly lower than that without proteins, even though the proteins content was about 10-fold higher than the lipids content. Microstructural analysis suggested that the proteins and lipids were normally attached to the surfaces of the starch granules in the native rice flour, thus inhibiting their contact with digestive enzymes. Moreover, the proteins and lipids restricted the swelling of the starch granules, which may have decreased their digestion by reducing their surface areas. In addition, amylose-lipid complex was detected in the rice flour, which is also known to slow down starch digestion. These results have important implications for the design of foods with improved nutritional profiles.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiangping Ye
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Xiuting Hu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Shunjing Luo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - David Julian McClements
- Biopolymers and Colloids Research Laboratory, Department of Food Science, University of Massachusetts Amherst, Amherst, MA 01003, USA
| | - Lu Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China
| | - Chengmei Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Nanchang University, Nanchang 330047, China.
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32
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Vinholes J, Reis SF, Lemos G, Barbieri RL, de Freitas V, Franzon RC, Vizzotto M. Effect of in vitro digestion on the functional properties of Psidium cattleianum Sabine (araçá), Butia odorata (Barb. Rodr.) Noblick (butiá) and Eugenia uniflora L. (pitanga) fruit extracts. Food Funct 2018; 9:6380-6390. [DOI: 10.1039/c8fo01329b] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
This study evaluated the effect of in vitro digestion on the functional properties of three Brazilian native fruit extracts.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Sofia F. Reis
- ICETA/REQUIMTE/LAQV
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica
- Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto
- Porto
- Portugal
| | | | | | - Victor de Freitas
- ICETA/REQUIMTE/LAQV
- Departamento de Química e Bioquímica
- Faculdade de Ciências da Universidade do Porto
- Porto
- Portugal
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33
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Li S, Liu C, Liu C, Zhang Y. Extraction and in vitro screening of potential acetylcholinesterase inhibitors from the leaves of Panax japonicus. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci 2017; 1061-1062:139-145. [PMID: 28734162 DOI: 10.1016/j.jchromb.2017.07.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/31/2017] [Revised: 07/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Ultrafiltration liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (UFLC-MS) is an efficient method that can be applied to rapidly screen and identify ligands for acetylcholinesterase (AChE) from the leaves of Panax japonicus. Using this method, we identified 5 major compounds, chikusetsusaponins V, Ib, IV, IVa, and IVa ethyl ester, as potent AChE inhibitors, which were assessed for anti-Alzheimer disease activity using the PC12 cell model. A continuous online method, which consisted of microwave-assisted extraction, a solvent concentration tank, and centrifugal partition chromatography (MAE-SCT-CPC), was newly developed for scaled up production of these compounds with high purity and efficiency. The bioactivities of the compounds separated were assessed by the PC12 cell model. This novel approach of using UFLC-MS coupled with MAE-SCT-CPC and a PC12 cell model could be applied to efficiently screen, extract, and separate AChE inhibitors from complex samples, and could serve as an important platform for the large-scale production of functional food and nutraceutical ingredients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sainan Li
- Central Laboratory, Changchun Normal University, No. 677 North Chang-ji Road, Changchun 130032, China
| | - Chengyu Liu
- Clinical Department of Rehabilitation, College of Acupuncture and Massage, Changchun University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Changchun 130117, China.
| | - Chunming Liu
- Central Laboratory, Changchun Normal University, No. 677 North Chang-ji Road, Changchun 130032, China.
| | - Yuchi Zhang
- Central Laboratory, Changchun Normal University, No. 677 North Chang-ji Road, Changchun 130032, China
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Metformin and Its Sulfenamide Prodrugs Inhibit Human Cholinesterase Activity. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2017; 2017:7303096. [PMID: 28770024 PMCID: PMC5523189 DOI: 10.1155/2017/7303096] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Revised: 06/05/2017] [Accepted: 06/14/2017] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
The results of epidemiological and pathophysiological studies suggest that type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) may predispose to Alzheimer's disease (AD). The two conditions present similar glucose levels, insulin resistance, and biochemical etiologies such as inflammation and oxidative stress. The diabetic state also contributes to increased acetylcholinesterase (AChE) activity, which is one of the factors leading to neurodegeneration in AD. The aim of this study was to assess in vitro the effects of metformin, phenformin, and metformin sulfenamide prodrugs on the activity of human AChE and butyrylcholinesterase (BuChE) and establish the type of inhibition. Metformin inhibited 50% of the AChE activity at micromolar concentrations (2.35 μmol/mL, mixed type of inhibition) and seemed to be selective towards AChE since it presented low anti-BuChE activity. The tested metformin prodrugs inhibited cholinesterases (ChE) at nanomolar range and thus were more active than metformin or phenformin. The cyclohexyl sulfenamide prodrug demonstrated the highest activity towards both AChE (IC50 = 890 nmol/mL, noncompetitive inhibition) and BuChE (IC50 = 28 nmol/mL, mixed type inhibition), while the octyl sulfenamide prodrug did not present anti-AChE activity, but exhibited mixed inhibition towards BuChE (IC50 = 184 nmol/mL). Therefore, these two bulkier prodrugs were concluded to be the most selective compounds for BuChE over AChE. In conclusion, it was demonstrated that biguanides present a novel class of inhibitors for AChE and BuChE and encourages further studies of these compounds for developing both selective and nonselective inhibitors of ChEs in the future.
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Discovery of 5-methyl-2-(4-((4-(methylsulfonyl)benzyl)oxy)phenyl)-4-(piperazin-1-yl)pyrimidine derivatives as novel GRP119 agonists for the treatment of diabetes and obesity. Mol Divers 2017; 21:637-654. [DOI: 10.1007/s11030-017-9755-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2016] [Accepted: 05/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/31/2023]
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