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Speksnijder EM, Bisschop PH, Siegelaar SE, Stenvers DJ, Kalsbeek A. Circadian desynchrony and glucose metabolism. J Pineal Res 2024; 76:e12956. [PMID: 38695262 DOI: 10.1111/jpi.12956] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2023] [Revised: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 05/09/2024]
Abstract
The circadian timing system controls glucose metabolism in a time-of-day dependent manner. In mammals, the circadian timing system consists of the main central clock in the bilateral suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the anterior hypothalamus and subordinate clocks in peripheral tissues. The oscillations produced by these different clocks with a period of approximately 24-h are generated by the transcriptional-translational feedback loops of a set of core clock genes. Glucose homeostasis is one of the daily rhythms controlled by this circadian timing system. The central pacemaker in the SCN controls glucose homeostasis through its neural projections to hypothalamic hubs that are in control of feeding behavior and energy metabolism. Using hormones such as adrenal glucocorticoids and melatonin and the autonomic nervous system, the SCN modulates critical processes such as glucose production and insulin sensitivity. Peripheral clocks in tissues, such as the liver, muscle, and adipose tissue serve to enhance and sustain these SCN signals. In the optimal situation all these clocks are synchronized and aligned with behavior and the environmental light/dark cycle. A negative impact on glucose metabolism becomes apparent when the internal timing system becomes disturbed, also known as circadian desynchrony or circadian misalignment. Circadian desynchrony may occur at several levels, as the mistiming of light exposure or sleep will especially affect the central clock, whereas mistiming of food intake or physical activity will especially involve the peripheral clocks. In this review, we will summarize the literature investigating the impact of circadian desynchrony on glucose metabolism and how it may result in the development of insulin resistance. In addition, we will discuss potential strategies aimed at reinstating circadian synchrony to improve insulin sensitivity and contribute to the prevention of type 2 diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Esther M Speksnijder
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology and Metabolism (AGEM), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Peter H Bisschop
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology and Metabolism (AGEM), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Sarah E Siegelaar
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology and Metabolism (AGEM), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dirk Jan Stenvers
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology and Metabolism (AGEM), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, Vrije Universiteit, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andries Kalsbeek
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Amsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology and Metabolism (AGEM), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience, Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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2
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Zhu P, Peek CB. Circadian timing of satellite cell function and muscle regeneration. Curr Top Dev Biol 2024; 158:307-339. [PMID: 38670711 DOI: 10.1016/bs.ctdb.2024.01.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 04/28/2024]
Abstract
Recent research has highlighted an important role for the molecular circadian machinery in the regulation of tissue-specific function and stress responses. Indeed, disruption of circadian function, which is pervasive in modern society, is linked to accelerated aging, obesity, and type 2 diabetes. Furthermore, evidence supporting the importance of the circadian clock within both the mature muscle tissue and satellite cells to regulate the maintenance of muscle mass and repair capacity in response injury has recently emerged. Here, we review the discovery of circadian clocks within the satellite cell (a.k.a. adult muscle stem cell) and how they act to regulate metabolism, epigenetics, and myogenesis during both healthy and diseased states.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei Zhu
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States; Department of Medicine-Endocrinology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States.
| | - Clara B Peek
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States; Department of Medicine-Endocrinology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL, United States.
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3
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Xia Y, Yao B, Fu Z, Li L, Jin S, Qu B, Huang Y, Ding H. Clock genes regulate skeletal muscle energy metabolism through NAMPT/NAD +/SIRT1 following heavy-load exercise. Am J Physiol Regul Integr Comp Physiol 2023; 325:R490-R503. [PMID: 37545421 PMCID: PMC11178296 DOI: 10.1152/ajpregu.00261.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2022] [Revised: 07/24/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/08/2023]
Abstract
The biological clock is an invisible "clock" in the organism, which can regulate behavior, physiology, and biochemical reactions. However, the relationship between clock genes and energy metabolism in postexercise skeletal muscle is not well known. The purpose of this study was to determine the mechanisms through which peripheral clock genes regulate energy metabolism in skeletal muscle. We analyzed the rhythm of mRNA expression of the clock genes Bmal1 and Clock in skeletal muscle following heavy-load exercise and measured related indicators of mitochondrial structure and function. We obtained the following experimental results. First, heavy-load exercise induced loss of circadian rhythm of Bmal1 between ZT0 and ZT24, and the circadian rhythm of Clock was not restored between ZT0 and ZT72. Second, analysis of mitochondrial morphology in group E showed abnormal swelling and ridge structure damage at ZT0, which recovered somewhat at ZT24 and ZT48, and the damage had essentially disappeared by ZT72. Third, the expression of NAMPT/NAD+/SIRT1 signaling axis proteins in group E was abnormal at ZT0, the content of NAMPT and the activity of SIRT1 significantly increased, and the content of NAD+ significantly decreased. Fourth, the expression of BMAL1 and PGC-1α in group E significantly increased, whereas the ATP and ADP content, as well as the activities of COXII and COXIV, were significantly changed. Finally, the colocalization of BMAL1 and SIRT1 in group E was significantly upregulated at ZT0. These results suggest that the skeletal muscle clock gene Bmal1 may regulate the energy metabolism level of skeletal muscle after exercise through the NAMPT/NAD+/SIRT1 signaling pathway.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Xia
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Binyu Yao
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Zeting Fu
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Lunyu Li
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Songlin Jin
- College of Physical Education and Health, Geely University of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Bo Qu
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Ying Huang
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
| | - Haili Ding
- Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, China
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4
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Soliz-Rueda JR, López-Fernández-Sobrino R, Schellekens H, Torres-Fuentes C, Arola L, Bravo FI, Muguerza B. Sweet treats before sleep disrupt the clock system and increase metabolic risk markers in healthy rats. Acta Physiol (Oxf) 2023; 239:e14005. [PMID: 37243893 DOI: 10.1111/apha.14005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 05/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
AIM Biological rhythms are endogenously generated natural cycles that act as pacemakers of different physiological mechanisms and homeostasis in the organism, and whose disruption increases metabolic risk. The circadian rhythm is not only reset by light but it is also regulated by behavioral cues such as timing of food intake. This study investigates whether the chronic consumption of a sweet treat before sleeping can disrupt diurnal rhythmicity and metabolism in healthy rats. METHODS For this, 32 Fischer rats were administered daily a low dose of sugar (160 mg/kg, equivalent to 2.5 g in humans) as a sweet treat at 8:00 a.m. or 8:00 p.m. (ZT0 and ZT12, respectively) for 4 weeks. To elucidate diurnal rhythmicity of clock gene expression and metabolic parameters, animals were sacrificed at different times, including 1, 7, 13, and 19 h after the last sugar dose (ZT1, ZT7, ZT13, and ZT19). RESULTS Increased body weight gain and higher cardiometabolic risk were observed when sweet treat was administered at the beginning of the resting period. Moreover, central clock and food intake signaling genes varied depending on snack time. Specifically, the hypothalamic expression of Nampt, Bmal1, Rev-erbα, and Cart showed prominent changes in their diurnal expression pattern, highlighting that sweet treat before bedtime disrupts hypothalamic control of energy homeostasis. CONCLUSIONS These results show that central clock genes and metabolic effects following a low dose of sugar are strongly time-dependent, causing higher circadian metabolic disruption when it is consumed at the beginning of the resting period, that is, with the late-night snack.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jorge R Soliz-Rueda
- Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, Nutrigenomics Research Group, University Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
| | - Raúl López-Fernández-Sobrino
- Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, Nutrigenomics Research Group, University Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Harriët Schellekens
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
| | - Cristina Torres-Fuentes
- Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, Nutrigenomics Research Group, University Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Lluis Arola
- Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, Nutrigenomics Research Group, University Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Francisca Isabel Bravo
- Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, Nutrigenomics Research Group, University Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
| | - Begoña Muguerza
- Biochemistry and Biotechnology Department, Nutrigenomics Research Group, University Rovira i Virgili, Tarragona, Spain
- Department of Anatomy and Neuroscience, University College Cork, Cork, Ireland
- APC Microbiome Ireland, Cork, Ireland
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Huang J, Wang Q, Zhang K, He S, Liu Z, Li M, Liu M, Guo Y, Wu Z. Optimizing Feeding Strategies for Growing Rabbits: Impact of Timing and Amount on Health and Circadian Rhythms. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:2742. [PMID: 37685006 PMCID: PMC10487096 DOI: 10.3390/ani13172742] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2023] [Revised: 08/14/2023] [Accepted: 08/24/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Mammals exhibit circadian rhythms in their behavior and physiological activities to adapt to the diurnal changes of the environment. Improper feeding methods can disrupt the natural habits of animals and harm animal health. This study investigated the effects of feeding amount and feeding time on growing rabbits in northern China during spring. A total of 432 healthy 35-day-old weaned rabbits with similar body weight were randomly assigned to four groups: whole day diet-unrestricted feeding (WUF), whole day diet-restricted feeding (WRF), nighttime diet-unrestricted feeding (NUF), and nighttime diet-restricted feeding (NRF). The results showed that nighttime diet-unrestricted feeding improved performance, circadian rhythm of behavior, and body temperature, while reducing the risk of diarrhea and death. WRF group increased daytime body temperature but had no significant difference in feed conversion rate. The study suggests that nighttime diet-unrestricted feeding in spring can improve the growth and welfare of rabbits in northern China. Our study underscores the pivotal role of feeding timing in enhancing animal health. Future investigations should delve into the underlying mechanisms and expand the application of this strategy across seasons and regions to improve rabbit husbandry practices.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.H.); (Q.W.); (K.Z.); (S.H.); (Z.L.)
| | - Qiangjun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.H.); (Q.W.); (K.Z.); (S.H.); (Z.L.)
| | - Kehao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.H.); (Q.W.); (K.Z.); (S.H.); (Z.L.)
| | - Shuai He
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.H.); (Q.W.); (K.Z.); (S.H.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zhongying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.H.); (Q.W.); (K.Z.); (S.H.); (Z.L.)
| | - Mingyong Li
- National Rabbit Industry Technology System Qingdao Comprehensive Experimental Station, Qingdao 266431, China; (M.L.); (M.L.)
| | - Man Liu
- National Rabbit Industry Technology System Qingdao Comprehensive Experimental Station, Qingdao 266431, China; (M.L.); (M.L.)
| | - Yao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.H.); (Q.W.); (K.Z.); (S.H.); (Z.L.)
| | - Zhonghong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (J.H.); (Q.W.); (K.Z.); (S.H.); (Z.L.)
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Petrenko V, Sinturel F, Riezman H, Dibner C. Lipid metabolism around the body clocks. Prog Lipid Res 2023; 91:101235. [PMID: 37187314 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2023.101235] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2023] [Revised: 04/06/2023] [Accepted: 05/12/2023] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Lipids play important roles in energy metabolism along with diverse aspects of biological membrane structure, signaling and other functions. Perturbations of lipid metabolism are responsible for the development of various pathologies comprising metabolic syndrome, obesity, and type 2 diabetes. Accumulating evidence suggests that circadian oscillators, operative in most cells of our body, coordinate temporal aspects of lipid homeostasis. In this review we summarize current knowledge on the circadian regulation of lipid digestion, absorption, transportation, biosynthesis, catabolism, and storage. Specifically, we focus on the molecular interactions between functional clockwork and biosynthetic pathways of major lipid classes comprising cholesterol, fatty acids, triacylglycerols, glycerophospholipids, glycosphingolipids, and sphingomyelins. A growing body of epidemiological studies associate a socially imposed circadian misalignment common in modern society with growing incidence of metabolic disorders, however the disruption of lipid metabolism rhythms in this connection has only been recently revealed. Here, we highlight recent studies that unravel the mechanistic link between intracellular molecular clocks, lipid homeostasis and development of metabolic diseases based on animal models of clock disruption and on innovative translational studies in humans. We also discuss the perspectives of manipulating circadian oscillators as a potentially powerful approach for preventing and managing metabolic disorders in human patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Volodymyr Petrenko
- Thoracic and Endocrine Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland; Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland; Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland; Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (iGE3), Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Flore Sinturel
- Thoracic and Endocrine Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland; Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland; Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland; Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (iGE3), Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Howard Riezman
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Science, NCCR Chemical Biology, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland
| | - Charna Dibner
- Thoracic and Endocrine Surgery Division, Department of Surgery, University Hospital of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland; Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland; Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva 1211, Switzerland; Institute of Genetics and Genomics in Geneva (iGE3), Geneva 1211, Switzerland.
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7
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Chihara I, Negoro H, Kono J, Nagumo Y, Tsuchiya H, Kojo K, Shiga M, Tanaka K, Kandori S, Mathis BJ, Nishiyama H. Glucocorticoids coordinate the bladder peripheral clock and diurnal micturition pattern in mice. Commun Biol 2023; 6:81. [PMID: 36681730 PMCID: PMC9867708 DOI: 10.1038/s42003-023-04464-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/11/2023] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Peripheral clocks function to regulate each organ and are synchronized though various molecular and behavioral signals. However, signals that entrain the bladder clock remain elusive. Here, we show that glucocorticoids are a key cue for the bladder clock in vitro and in vivo. A pBmal1-dLuc human urothelial cell-line showed significant shifts in gene expression after cortisol treatment. In vivo, rhythmic bladder clock gene expression was unchanged by bilateral adrenalectomy but shifted 4 h forward by corticosterone administration at the inactive phase. Moreover, the bladder clock shifted 8-12 h in mice that underwent both bilateral adrenalectomy and corticosterone administration at the inactive phase. These mice showed decreases in the diurnal rhythm of volume voided per micturition, while maintaining diurnal activity rhythms. These results indicate that the diurnal rhythm of glucocorticoid signaling is a zeitgeber that overcomes other bladder clock entrainment factors and coordinates the diurnal rhythm of volume voided per micturition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ichiro Chihara
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Negoro
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan.
| | - Jin Kono
- Department of Urology, Graduate School of Medicine, Kyoto University, Sakyo, Kyoto, Japan
| | - Yoshiyuki Nagumo
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Haruki Tsuchiya
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Kosuke Kojo
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Masanobu Shiga
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Ken Tanaka
- Department of Urology, Tsukuba Medical Center Hospital, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Shuya Kandori
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Bryan J Mathis
- International Medical Center, University of Tsukuba Affiliated Hospital, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Nishiyama
- Department of Urology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan
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8
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Galinde AAS, Al-Mughales F, Oster H, Heyde I. Different levels of circadian (de)synchrony -- where does it hurt? F1000Res 2022; 11:1323. [PMID: 37125019 PMCID: PMC10130703 DOI: 10.12688/f1000research.127234.2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 04/05/2023] Open
Abstract
A network of cellular timers ensures the maintenance of homeostasis by temporal modulation of physiological processes across the day. These so-called circadian clocks are synchronized to geophysical time by external time cues (or zeitgebers). In modern societies, natural environmental cycles are disrupted by artificial lighting, around-the-clock availability of food or shift work. Such contradictory zeitgeber input promotes chronodisruption, i.e., the perturbation of internal circadian rhythms, resulting in adverse health outcomes. While this phenomenon is well described, it is still poorly understood at which level of organization perturbed rhythms impact on health and wellbeing. In this review, we discuss different levels of chronodisruption and what is known about their health effects. We summarize the results of disrupted phase coherence between external and internal time vs. misalignment of tissue clocks amongst each other, i.e., internal desynchrony. Last, phase incoherence can also occur at the tissue level itself. Here, alterations in phase coordination can emerge between cellular clocks of the same tissue or between different clock genes within the single cell. A better understanding of the mechanisms of circadian misalignment and its effects on physiology will help to find effective tools to prevent or treat disorders arising from modern-day chronodisruptive environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ankita AS. Galinde
- Institute of Neurobiology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, 23562, Germany
| | - Faheem Al-Mughales
- Institute of Neurobiology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, 23562, Germany
- Biochemistry Department, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Taiz University, Taiz, Yemen
| | - Henrik Oster
- Institute of Neurobiology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, 23562, Germany
| | - Isabel Heyde
- Institute of Neurobiology, Center of Brain, Behavior and Metabolism, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, 23562, Germany
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9
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Tsurudome Y, Akamine T, Horiguchi M, Wada Y, Fujimura A, Ushijima K. Potential mechanism of hepatic lipid accumulation during a long-term rest phase restricted feeding in mice. Chronobiol Int 2022; 39:1132-1143. [PMID: 35603436 DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2022.2077746] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/03/2022]
Abstract
Eating during a rest phase disrupts the biological clock system and leads to obesity and metabolic diseases. Although a rest phase restricted feeding (RF) is reported to enhance hepatic lipid accumulation, the mechanism(s) of the phenomenon is still unknown. This study evaluated the potential involvement of the CD36-related transport of lipids into the liver in mice with the RF procedure. This study showed that hepatic lipid accumulation was more significant in the RF group compared with mice under an active phase restricted feeding (AF). The RF procedure also elevated the expression of CD36 mRNA and its protein on the cellular membrane throughout the day. The transcription factor profiling array revealed that the RF activated the proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPARγ), one of the CD36 transcript enhancers. In the liver of RF mice, the expression of miR-27b-3p, which is known to interfere with PPARγ gene expression, significantly decreased. These results suggest that the RF procedure inhibits the expression of miR-27b-3p in the liver and subsequently elevates PPARγ activity. Activated PPARγ might lead to CD36 upregulation, which, in turn, stimulates the transport of lipids into the liver.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuya Tsurudome
- Division of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sanyo-Onoda City University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Takahiro Akamine
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, Oita University, Oita, Japan
| | - Michiko Horiguchi
- Division of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sanyo-Onoda City University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Yukiyo Wada
- Division of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sanyo-Onoda City University, Yamaguchi, Japan
| | - Akio Fujimura
- Division of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sanyo-Onoda City University, Yamaguchi, Japan.,Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
| | - Kentaro Ushijima
- Division of Pharmaceutics, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Sanyo-Onoda City University, Yamaguchi, Japan.,Division of Clinical Pharmacology, Department of Pharmacology, Jichi Medical University, Tochigi, Japan
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10
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Guo X, Zheng J, Zhang S, Jiang X, Chen T, Yu J, Wang S, Ma X, Wu C. Advances in Unhealthy Nutrition and Circadian Dysregulation in Pathophysiology of NAFLD. FRONTIERS IN CLINICAL DIABETES AND HEALTHCARE 2021; 2:691828. [PMID: 36994336 PMCID: PMC10012147 DOI: 10.3389/fcdhc.2021.691828] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2021] [Accepted: 09/27/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022]
Abstract
Unhealthy diets and lifestyle result in various metabolic conditions including metabolic syndrome and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). Much evidence indicates that disruption of circadian rhythms contributes to the development and progression of excessive hepatic fat deposition and inflammation, as well as liver fibrosis, a key characteristic of non-steatohepatitis (NASH) or the advanced form of NAFLD. In this review, we emphasize the importance of nutrition as a critical factor in the regulation of circadian clock in the liver. We also focus on the roles of the rhythms of nutrient intake and the composition of diets in the regulation of circadian clocks in the context of controlling hepatic glucose and fat metabolism. We then summarize the effects of unhealthy nutrition and circadian dysregulation on the development of hepatic steatosis and inflammation. A better understanding of how the interplay among nutrition, circadian rhythms, and dysregulated metabolism result in hepatic steatosis and inflammation can help develop improved preventive and/or therapeutic strategies for managing NAFLD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Guo
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Xin Guo, ; Chaodong Wu,
| | - Juan Zheng
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Shixiu Zhang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaofan Jiang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Ting Chen
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Jiayu Yu
- Department of Endocrinology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China
- Hubei Provincial Clinical Research Center for Diabetes and Metabolic Disorders, Wuhan, China
| | - Shu'e Wang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Xiaomin Ma
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chaodong Wu
- Department of Nutrition, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States
- *Correspondence: Xin Guo, ; Chaodong Wu,
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11
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Maier G, Delezie J, Westermark PO, Santos G, Ritz D, Handschin C. Transcriptomic, proteomic and phosphoproteomic underpinnings of daily exercise performance and zeitgeber activity of training in mouse muscle. J Physiol 2021; 600:769-796. [PMID: 34142717 PMCID: PMC9290843 DOI: 10.1113/jp281535] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/09/2021] [Accepted: 06/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Key points Maximal endurance performance is greater in the early daytime. Timed exercise differentially alters the muscle transcriptome and (phospho)‐proteome. Early daytime exercise triggers energy provisioning and tissue regeneration. Early night‐time exercise activates stress‐related and catabolic pathways. Scheduled training has limited effects on the muscle and liver circadian clocks.
Abstract Timed physical activity might potentiate the health benefits of training. The underlying signalling events triggered by exercise at different times of day are, however, poorly understood. Here, we found that time‐dependent variations in maximal treadmill exercise capacity of naïve mice were associated with energy stores, mostly hepatic glycogen levels. Importantly, running at different times of day resulted in a vastly different activation of signalling pathways, e.g. related to stress response, vesicular trafficking, repair and regeneration. Second, voluntary wheel running at the opposite phase of the dark, feeding period surprisingly revealed a minimal zeitgeber (i.e. phase‐shifting) effect of training on the muscle clock. This integrated study provides important insights into the circadian regulation of endurance performance and the control of the circadian clock by exercise. In future studies, these results could contribute to better understanding circadian aspects of training design in athletes and the application of chrono‐exercise‐based interventions in patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geraldine Maier
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, Basel, CH-4056, Switzerland
| | - Julien Delezie
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, Basel, CH-4056, Switzerland
| | - Pål O Westermark
- Leibniz-Institut für Nutztierbiologie, Institut für Genetik und Biometrie, Wilhelm-Stahl-Allee 2, Dummerstorf, D-18196, Germany
| | - Gesa Santos
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, Basel, CH-4056, Switzerland
| | - Danilo Ritz
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, Basel, CH-4056, Switzerland
| | - Christoph Handschin
- Biozentrum, University of Basel, Klingelbergstrasse 50/70, Basel, CH-4056, Switzerland
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12
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Manella G, Sabath E, Aviram R, Dandavate V, Ezagouri S, Golik M, Adamovich Y, Asher G. The liver-clock coordinates rhythmicity of peripheral tissues in response to feeding. Nat Metab 2021; 3:829-842. [PMID: 34059820 PMCID: PMC7611072 DOI: 10.1038/s42255-021-00395-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 04/23/2021] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian circadian system consists of a central clock in the brain that synchronizes clocks in the peripheral tissues. Although the hierarchy between central and peripheral clocks is established, little is known regarding the specificity and functional organization of peripheral clocks. Here, we employ altered feeding paradigms in conjunction with liver-clock mutant mice to map disparities and interactions between peripheral rhythms. We find that peripheral clocks largely differ in their responses to feeding time. Disruption of the liver-clock, despite its prominent role in nutrient processing, does not affect the rhythmicity of clocks in other peripheral tissues. Yet, unexpectedly, liver-clock disruption strongly modulates the transcriptional rhythmicity of peripheral tissues, primarily on daytime feeding. Concomitantly, liver-clock mutant mice exhibit impaired glucose and lipid homeostasis, which are aggravated by daytime feeding. Overall, our findings suggest that, upon nutrient challenge, the liver-clock buffers the effect of feeding-related signals on rhythmicity of peripheral tissues, irrespective of their clocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gal Manella
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Elizabeth Sabath
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
- Department of Medicine, Institute for transformative molecular medicine, Case Western Reserve University, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - Rona Aviram
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Vaishnavi Dandavate
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Saar Ezagouri
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Marina Golik
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Yaarit Adamovich
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel
| | - Gad Asher
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Weizmann Institute of Science, Rehovot, Israel.
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13
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Liu QH, Tang JW, Wen PB, Wang MM, Zhang X, Wang L. From Prokaryotes to Eukaryotes: Insights Into the Molecular Structure of Glycogen Particles. Front Mol Biosci 2021; 8:673315. [PMID: 33996916 PMCID: PMC8116748 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2021.673315] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/27/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Glycogen is a highly-branched polysaccharide that is widely distributed across the three life domains. It has versatile functions in physiological activities such as energy reserve, osmotic regulation, blood glucose homeostasis, and pH maintenance. Recent research also confirms that glycogen plays important roles in longevity and cognition. Intrinsically, glycogen function is determined by its structure that has been intensively studied for many years. The recent association of glycogen α-particle fragility with diabetic conditions further strengthens the importance of glycogen structure in its function. By using improved glycogen extraction procedures and a series of advanced analytical techniques, the fine molecular structure of glycogen particles in human beings and several model organisms such as Escherichia coli, Caenorhabditis elegans, Mus musculus, and Rat rattus have been characterized. However, there are still many unknowns about the assembly mechanisms of glycogen particles, the dynamic changes of glycogen structures, and the composition of glycogen associated proteins (glycogen proteome). In this review, we explored the recent progresses in glycogen studies with a focus on the structure of glycogen particles, which may not only provide insights into glycogen functions, but also facilitate the discovery of novel drug targets for the treatment of diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qing-Hua Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Quality Research in Chinese Medicines, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China.,Faculty of Chinese Medicine, Macau University of Science and Technology, Macau, China
| | - Jia-Wei Tang
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Medical Informatics and Engineering, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Peng-Bo Wen
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Medical Informatics and Engineering, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Meng-Meng Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Xiao Zhang
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Medical Informatics and Engineering, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
| | - Liang Wang
- Department of Bioinformatics, School of Medical Informatics and Engineering, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China.,Jiangsu Key Laboratory of New Drug Research and Clinical Pharmacy, School of Pharmacy, Xuzhou Medical University, Xuzhou, China
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14
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Wali JA, Solon-Biet SM, Freire T, Brandon AE. Macronutrient Determinants of Obesity, Insulin Resistance and Metabolic Health. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:336. [PMID: 33923531 PMCID: PMC8072595 DOI: 10.3390/biology10040336] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/23/2021] [Accepted: 04/07/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Obesity caused by the overconsumption of calories has increased to epidemic proportions. Insulin resistance is often associated with an increased adiposity and is a precipitating factor in the development of cardiovascular disease, type 2 diabetes, and altered metabolic health. Of the various factors contributing to metabolic impairments, nutrition is the major modifiable factor that can be targeted to counter the rising prevalence of obesity and metabolic diseases. However, the macronutrient composition of a nutritionally balanced "healthy diet" are unclear, and so far, no tested dietary intervention has been successful in achieving long-term compliance and reductions in body weight and associated beneficial health outcomes. In the current review, we briefly describe the role of the three major macronutrients, carbohydrates, fats, and proteins, and their role in metabolic health, and provide mechanistic insights. We also discuss how an integrated multi-dimensional approach to nutritional science could help in reconciling apparently conflicting findings.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jibran A. Wali
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (J.A.W.); (S.M.S.-B.); (T.F.)
- School of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Samantha M. Solon-Biet
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (J.A.W.); (S.M.S.-B.); (T.F.)
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Therese Freire
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (J.A.W.); (S.M.S.-B.); (T.F.)
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
| | - Amanda E. Brandon
- Charles Perkins Centre, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia; (J.A.W.); (S.M.S.-B.); (T.F.)
- School of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and Health, University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, Australia
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15
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He C, Shen W, Chen C, Wang Q, Lu Q, Shao W, Jiang Z, Hu H. Circadian Rhythm Disruption Influenced Hepatic Lipid Metabolism, Gut Microbiota and Promoted Cholesterol Gallstone Formation in Mice. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2021; 12:723918. [PMID: 34745000 PMCID: PMC8567099 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2021.723918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Accepted: 09/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Hepatic lipid metabolism regulates biliary composition and influences the formation of cholesterol gallstones. The genes Hmgcr and Cyp7a1, which encode key liver enzymes, are regulated by circadian rhythm-related transcription factors. We aimed to investigate the effect of circadian rhythm disruption on hepatic cholesterol and bile acid metabolism and the incidence of cholesterol stone formation. METHODS Adult male C57BL/6J mice were fed either a lithogenic diet (LD) only during the sleep phase (time-restricted lithogenic diet feeding, TRF) or an LD ad libitum (non-time-restricted lithogenic diet feeding, nTRF) for 4 weeks. Food consumption, body mass gain, and the incidence of gallstones were assessed. Circulating metabolic parameters, lipid accumulation in the liver, the circadian expression of hepatic clock and metabolic genes, and the gut microbiota were analyzed. RESULTS TRF caused a dysregulation of the circadian rhythm in the mice, characterized by significant differences in the circadian expression patterns of clock-related genes. In TRF mice, the circadian rhythms in the expression of genes involved in bile acid and cholesterol metabolism were disrupted, as was the circadian rhythm of the gut microbiota. These changes were associated with high biliary cholesterol content, which promoted gallstone formation in the TRF mice. CONCLUSION Disordered circadian rhythm is associated with abnormal hepatic bile acid and cholesterol metabolism in mice, which promotes gallstone formation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Hai Hu
- *Correspondence: Hai Hu, ; Zhaoyan Jiang,
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16
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Oosterman JE, Wopereis S, Kalsbeek A. The Circadian Clock, Shift Work, and Tissue-Specific Insulin Resistance. Endocrinology 2020; 161:5916887. [PMID: 33142318 DOI: 10.1210/endocr/bqaa180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 09/25/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Obesity and type 2 diabetes (T2D) have become a global health concern. The prevalence of obesity and T2D is significantly higher in shift workers compared to people working regular hours. An accepted hypothesis is that the increased risk for metabolic health problems arises from aberrantly timed eating behavior, that is, eating out of synchrony with the biological clock. The biological clock is part of the internal circadian timing system, which controls not only the sleep/wake and feeding/fasting cycle, but also many metabolic processes in the body, including the timing of our eating behavior, and processes involved in glucose homeostasis. Rodent studies have shown that eating out of phase with the endogenous clock results in desynchronization between rhythms of the central and peripheral clock systems and between rhythms of different tissue clocks (eg, liver and muscle clock). Glucose homeostasis is a complex process that involves multiple organs. In the healthiest situation, functional rhythms of these organs are synchronized. We hypothesize that desynchronization between different metabolically active organs contributes to alterations in glucose homeostasis. Here we summarize the most recent information on desynchronization between organs due to shift work and shifted food intake patterns and introduce the concept of phenotypic flexibility, a validated test to assess the contribution of each organ to insulin resistance (IR) in humans. We propose this test as a way to provide further insight into the possible desynchronization between tissue clocks. Because different types of IR benefit from different therapeutic approaches, we also describe different chronotherapeutic strategies to promote synchrony within and between metabolically active organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Johanneke E Oosterman
- Department of Microbiology and Systems Biology, Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), HE Zeist, the Netherlands
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Suzan Wopereis
- Department of Microbiology and Systems Biology, Netherlands Organization for Applied Scientific Research (TNO), HE Zeist, the Netherlands
| | - Andries Kalsbeek
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands
- Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), An Institute of the Royal Netherlands Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), BA Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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17
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Guo Y, Wang QJ, Zhang KH, Yao CY, Huang J, Li Q, Liu ZY, Zhang Y, Shan CH, Liu P, Wang MZ, An L, Tian JH, Wu ZH. Night-restricted feeding improves locomotor activity rhythm and modulates nutrient utilization to accelerate growth in rabbits. FASEB J 2020; 35:e21166. [PMID: 33184921 DOI: 10.1096/fj.202001265rr] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/20/2020] [Revised: 10/19/2020] [Accepted: 10/23/2020] [Indexed: 11/11/2022]
Abstract
An unfavorable lifestyle disrupts the circadian rhythm, leading to metabolic dysfunction in adult humans and animals. Increasing evidence suggests that night-restricted feeding (NRF) can effectively prevent ectopic fat deposition caused by circadian rhythm disruption, and reduce the risk of metabolic diseases. However, previous studies have mainly focused on the prevention of obesity in adults by regulating dietary patterns, whereas limited attention has been paid to the effect of NRF on metabolism during growth and development. Here, we used weaning rabbits as models and found that NRF increased body weight gain without increasing feed intake, and promoted insulin-mediated protein synthesis through the mTOR/S6K pathway and muscle formation by upregulating MYOG. NRF improved the circadian clock, promoted PDH-regulated glycolysis and CPT1B-regulated fatty-acid β-oxidation, and reduced fat content in the serum and muscles. In addition, NRF-induced body temperature oscillation might be partly responsible for the improvement in the circadian clock and insulin sensitivity. Time-restricted feeding could be used as a nondrug intervention to prevent obesity and accelerate growth in adolescents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yao Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qiang-Jun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Ke-Hao Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Chun-Yan Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jie Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Qin Li
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhong-Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Chun-Hua Shan
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Peng Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Mei-Zhi Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Lei An
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Jian-Hui Tian
- National Engineering Laboratory for Animal Breeding, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - Zhong-Hong Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition, College of Animal Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
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18
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Zhang H, Liang J, Chen N. Do not neglect the role of circadian rhythm in muscle atrophy. Ageing Res Rev 2020; 63:101155. [PMID: 32882420 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2020.101155] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2020] [Revised: 08/04/2020] [Accepted: 08/25/2020] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
In addition to its role in movement, human skeletal muscle also plays important roles in physiological activities related to metabolism and the endocrine system. Aging and disease onset and progression can induce the reduction of skeletal muscle mass and function, thereby exacerbating skeletal muscle atrophy. Recent studies have confirmed that skeletal muscle atrophy is mainly controlled by the balance between protein synthesis and degradation, the activation of satellite cells, and mitochondrial quality in skeletal muscle. Circadian rhythm is an internal rhythm related to an organism's adaptation to light-dark or day-night cycles of the planet, and consists of a core biological clock and a peripheral biological clock. Skeletal muscle, as the most abundant tissue in the human body, is an essential part of the peripheral biological clock in humans. Increasing evidence has confirmed that maintaining a normal circadian rhythm can be beneficial for increasing protein content, improving mitochondrial quality, and stimulating regeneration and repairing of cells in skeletal muscle to prevent or alleviate skeletal muscle atrophy. In this review, we summarize the roles and underlying mechanisms of circadian rhythm in delaying skeletal muscle atrophy, which will provide a theoretical reference for incorporating aspects of circadian rhythm to the prevention and treatment of skeletal muscle atrophy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hu Zhang
- Graduate School, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Jiling Liang
- Graduate School, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan 430079, China
| | - Ning Chen
- Tianjiu Research and Development Center for Exercise Nutrition and Foods, Hubei Key Laboratory of Exercise Training and Monitoring, College of Health Science, Wuhan Sports University, Wuhan 430079, China.
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19
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de Goede P, Hellings TP, Coopmans TV, Ritsema WIGR, Kalsbeek A. After-Effects of Time-Restricted Feeding on Whole-Body Metabolism and Gene Expression in Four Different Peripheral Tissues. Obesity (Silver Spring) 2020; 28 Suppl 1:S68-S80. [PMID: 32475077 PMCID: PMC7496197 DOI: 10.1002/oby.22830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2019] [Revised: 04/01/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Epidemiological studies show that shift workers are at increased risk for type 2 diabetes. As modern societies increasingly require shift work, it seems crucial to determine whether there are long-lasting health effects of rotational shifts. METHODS This study examined the after-effects of 4 weeks of time-restricted feeding (TRF) during the light period (= light-fed) in rats, an animal model for shift work. This study also included a TRF-dark (= dark-fed) control group. The aligned and misaligned feeding times of light and dark feeding are associated with poor and good health outcomes, respectively. Several physiological measures were monitored continuously; blood, liver, brown adipose tissue, and soleus and gastrocnemius muscle were collected following 11 days of ad libitum (AL) feeding after ending the TRF. RESULTS In the dark-fed animals, the day/night differences in food intake, activity, and respiratory exchange ratio were still enhanced at the end of the experiment. Light-fed animals displayed the smallest day/night differences for these measures, as well as for body temperature. In both the light- and dark-fed animals, rhythms in plasma glucose, nonesterified fatty acids, and gene expression had not fully recovered after 11 days of AL feeding. Importantly, the effects on gene expression were both tissue and gene dependent. CONCLUSIONS Our data indicate that rotational shift workers may have an increased risk of long-lasting disturbed rhythms in several physiological measures after a period of shift work. Clearly, such disturbances may harm their health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul de Goede
- Laboratory of EndocrinologyAmsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology & UMCAmsterdam University Medical CenterUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamthe Netherlands
- Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms GroupNetherlands Institute for NeuroscienceRoyal Netherlands Academy of Arts and SciencesAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Tom P. Hellings
- Laboratory of EndocrinologyAmsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology & UMCAmsterdam University Medical CenterUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamthe Netherlands
- Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms GroupNetherlands Institute for NeuroscienceRoyal Netherlands Academy of Arts and SciencesAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Tom V. Coopmans
- Laboratory of EndocrinologyAmsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology & UMCAmsterdam University Medical CenterUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamthe Netherlands
- Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms GroupNetherlands Institute for NeuroscienceRoyal Netherlands Academy of Arts and SciencesAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Wayne I. G. R. Ritsema
- Laboratory of EndocrinologyAmsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology & UMCAmsterdam University Medical CenterUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamthe Netherlands
- Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms GroupNetherlands Institute for NeuroscienceRoyal Netherlands Academy of Arts and SciencesAmsterdamthe Netherlands
| | - Andries Kalsbeek
- Laboratory of EndocrinologyAmsterdam Gastroenterology Endocrinology & UMCAmsterdam University Medical CenterUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamthe Netherlands
- Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms GroupNetherlands Institute for NeuroscienceRoyal Netherlands Academy of Arts and SciencesAmsterdamthe Netherlands
- Department of Endocrinology and MetabolismAmsterdam UMCUniversity of AmsterdamAmsterdamthe Netherlands
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20
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Ruddick-Collins LC, Morgan PJ, Johnstone AM. Mealtime: A circadian disruptor and determinant of energy balance? J Neuroendocrinol 2020; 32:e12886. [PMID: 32662577 DOI: 10.1111/jne.12886] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Revised: 05/24/2020] [Accepted: 06/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Circadian rhythms play a critical role in the physiological processes involved in energy metabolism and energy balance (EB). A large array of metabolic processes, including the expression of many energy-regulating endocrine hormones, display temporal rhythms that are driven by both the circadian clock and food intake. Mealtime has been shown to be a compelling zeitgeber in peripheral tissue rhythms. Inconsistent signalling to the periphery, because of mismatched input from the central clock vs time of eating, results in circadian disruption in which central and/or peripheral rhythms are asynchronously time shifted or their amplitudes reduced. A growing body of evidence supports the negative health effects of circadian disruption, with strong evidence in murine models that mealtime-induced circadian disruption results in various metabolic consequences, including energy imbalance and weight gain. Increased weight gain has been reported to occur even without differences in energy intake, indicating an effect of circadian disruption on energy expenditure. However, the translation of these findings to humans is not well established because the ability to undertake rigorously controlled dietary studies that explore the chronic effects on energy regulation is challenging. Establishing the neuroendocrine changes in response to both acute and chronic variations in mealtime, along with observations in populations with routinely abnormal mealtimes, may provide greater insight into underlying mechanisms that influence long-term weight management under different meal patterns. Human studies should explore mechanisms through relevant biomarkers; for example, cortisol, leptin, ghrelin and other energy-regulating neuroendocrine factors. Mistiming between aggregate hormonal signals, or between hormones with their receptors, may cause reduced signalling intensity and hormonal resistance. Understanding how mealtimes may impact on the coordination of endocrine factors is essential for untangling the complex regulation of EB. Here a review is provided on current evidence of the impacts of mealtime on energy metabolism and the underlying neuroendocrine mechanisms, with a specific focus on human research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter J Morgan
- The Rowett Institute, University of Aberdeen, Aberdeen, UK
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Wu P, Cheng J, Chen L, Xiang J, Pan Y, Zhang Y, Zheng T, Liu N, Chu W, Zhang J. Nr1d1 affects autophagy in the skeletal muscles of juvenile Nile tilapia by regulating the rhythmic expression of autophagy-related genes. FISH PHYSIOLOGY AND BIOCHEMISTRY 2020; 46:891-907. [PMID: 32072342 DOI: 10.1007/s10695-019-00757-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 06/10/2023]
Abstract
Autophagy is an important evolutionary conserved process in eukaryotic organisms for the turnover of intracellular substances. Recent studies revealed that autophagy displays circadian rhythms in mice and zebrafish. To date, there is no report focused on the rhythmic changes of autophagy in fish skeletal muscles upon nutritional deprivation. In this study, we examined the circadian rhythms of 158 functional genes in tilapia muscle in response to starvation. We found that 12 genes were involved in autophagy changed their rhythm after starvation. Among these genes, Atg4c, Bnip3la, Lc3a, Lc3b, Lc3c, and Ulk1a exhibited a daily rhythmicity in tilapia muscle, and Atg4b, becn1, bnip3la, bnip3lb, Lc3a, and ulk1b were significantly upregulated in response to starvation. The number of autophagosomes was dramatically increased in fasted fish, indicating that nutritional signals affect not only the muscular clock system but also its autophagy behavior. Administration of GSK4112, an activator of Nr1d1, altered rhythmic expression of both circadian clock genes and autophagy genes in tilapia muscle. Taken together, these findings provide evidence that nutritional deficiency affects both circadian regulation and autophagy activities in skeletal muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping Wu
- Department of Bioengineering and Environmental Science, Changsha University, Changsha, 410003, Hunan, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, 410022, China
| | - Jia Cheng
- Department of Bioengineering and Environmental Science, Changsha University, Changsha, 410003, Hunan, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, 410022, China
| | - Lin Chen
- Department of Bioengineering and Environmental Science, Changsha University, Changsha, 410003, Hunan, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, 410022, China
| | - Jing Xiang
- Department of Bioengineering and Environmental Science, Changsha University, Changsha, 410003, Hunan, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, 410022, China
| | - Yaxiong Pan
- Department of Bioengineering and Environmental Science, Changsha University, Changsha, 410003, Hunan, China
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, 410022, China
| | - Yongzhan Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering and Environmental Science, Changsha University, Changsha, 410003, Hunan, China
| | - Tao Zheng
- Department of Bioengineering and Environmental Science, Changsha University, Changsha, 410003, Hunan, China
| | - Naiyuan Liu
- Department of Bioengineering and Environmental Science, Changsha University, Changsha, 410003, Hunan, China
| | - Wuying Chu
- Department of Bioengineering and Environmental Science, Changsha University, Changsha, 410003, Hunan, China.
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, 410022, China.
| | - Jianshe Zhang
- Department of Bioengineering and Environmental Science, Changsha University, Changsha, 410003, Hunan, China.
- Hunan Provincial Key Laboratory of Nutrition and Quality Control of Aquatic Animals, Department of Biological and Environmental Engineering, Changsha University, Changsha, 410022, China.
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22
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Sinturel F, Petrenko V, Dibner C. Circadian Clocks Make Metabolism Run. J Mol Biol 2020; 432:3680-3699. [PMID: 31996313 DOI: 10.1016/j.jmb.2020.01.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2019] [Revised: 01/16/2020] [Accepted: 01/16/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Most organisms adapt to the 24-h cycle of the Earth's rotation by anticipating the time of the day through light-dark cycles. The internal time-keeping system of the circadian clocks has been developed to ensure this anticipation. The circadian system governs the rhythmicity of nearly all physiological and behavioral processes in mammals. In this review, we summarize current knowledge stemming from rodent and human studies on the tight interconnection between the circadian system and metabolism in the body. In particular, we highlight recent advances emphasizing the roles of the peripheral clocks located in the metabolic organs in regulating glucose, lipid, and protein homeostasis at the organismal and cellular levels. Experimental disruption of circadian system in rodents is associated with various metabolic disturbance phenotypes. Similarly, perturbation of the clockwork in humans is linked to the development of metabolic diseases. We discuss recent studies that reveal roles of the circadian system in the temporal coordination of metabolism under physiological conditions and in the development of human pathologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Flore Sinturel
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Hypertension and Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet, 1, CH-1211, Geneva, 14, Switzerland; Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
| | - Volodymyr Petrenko
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Hypertension and Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet, 1, CH-1211, Geneva, 14, Switzerland; Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland
| | - Charna Dibner
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, Hypertension and Nutrition, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Rue Michel-Servet, 1, CH-1211, Geneva, 14, Switzerland; Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Diabetes Center, Faculty of Medicine, University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland; Institute of Genetics and Genomics of Geneva (iGE3), University of Geneva, Geneva, Switzerland.
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Mármol-Sánchez E, Ramayo-Caldas Y, Quintanilla R, Cardoso TF, González-Prendes R, Tibau J, Amills M. Co-expression network analysis predicts a key role of microRNAs in the adaptation of the porcine skeletal muscle to nutrient supply. J Anim Sci Biotechnol 2020; 11:10. [PMID: 31969983 PMCID: PMC6966835 DOI: 10.1186/s40104-019-0412-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2019] [Accepted: 12/04/2019] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND The role of non-coding RNAs in the porcine muscle metabolism is poorly understood, with few studies investigating their expression patterns in response to nutrient supply. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the changes in microRNAs (miRNAs), long intergenic non-coding RNAs (lincRNAs) and mRNAs muscle expression before and after food intake. RESULTS We measured the miRNA, lincRNA and mRNA expression levels in the gluteus medius muscle of 12 gilts in a fasting condition (AL-T0) and 24 gilts fed ad libitum during either 5 h. (AL-T1, N = 12) or 7 h. (AL-T2, N = 12) prior to slaughter. The small RNA fraction was extracted from muscle samples retrieved from the 36 gilts and sequenced, whereas lincRNA and mRNA expression data were already available. In terms of mean and variance, the expression profiles of miRNAs and lincRNAs in the porcine muscle were quite different than those of mRNAs. Food intake induced the differential expression of 149 (AL-T0/AL-T1) and 435 (AL-T0/AL-T2) mRNAs, 6 (AL-T0/AL-T1) and 28 (AL-T0/AL-T2) miRNAs and none lincRNAs, while the number of differentially dispersed genes was much lower. Among the set of differentially expressed miRNAs, we identified ssc-miR-148a-3p, ssc-miR-22-3p and ssc-miR-1, which play key roles in the regulation of glucose and lipid metabolism. Besides, co-expression network analyses revealed several miRNAs that putatively interact with mRNAs playing key metabolic roles and that also showed differential expression before and after feeding. One case example was represented by seven miRNAs (ssc-miR-148a-3p, ssc-miR-151-3p, ssc-miR-30a-3p, ssc-miR-30e-3p, ssc-miR-421-5p, ssc-miR-493-5p and ssc-miR-503) which putatively interact with the PDK4 mRNA, one of the master regulators of glucose utilization and fatty acid oxidation. CONCLUSIONS As a whole, our results evidence that microRNAs are likely to play an important role in the porcine skeletal muscle metabolic adaptation to nutrient availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emilio Mármol-Sánchez
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
| | - Yuliaxis Ramayo-Caldas
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Program, Institute for Research and Technology in Food and Agriculture (IRTA), Torre Marimon, 08140 Caldes de Montbui, Spain
| | - Raquel Quintanilla
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Program, Institute for Research and Technology in Food and Agriculture (IRTA), Torre Marimon, 08140 Caldes de Montbui, Spain
| | - Tainã Figueiredo Cardoso
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Present address: Embrapa Pecuária Sudeste, Empresa Brasileira de Pesquisa Agropecuária (EMBRAPA), São Carlos, SP 13560-970 Brazil
| | - Rayner González-Prendes
- Department of Animal Science, Universitat de Lleida - Agrotecnio Center, 25198 Lleida, Spain
| | - Joan Tibau
- Animal Breeding and Genetics Program, Institute for Research and Technology in Food and Agriculture (IRTA), Torre Marimon, 08140 Caldes de Montbui, Spain
| | - Marcel Amills
- Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG), CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Spain
- Departament de Ciència Animal i dels Aliments, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 08193 Bellaterra, Barcelona, Spain
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Zhou S, Dai YM, Zeng XF, Chen HZ. Circadian Clock and Sirtuins in Diabetic Lung: A Mechanistic Perspective. Front Endocrinol (Lausanne) 2020; 11:173. [PMID: 32308644 PMCID: PMC7145977 DOI: 10.3389/fendo.2020.00173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/10/2020] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Diabetes-induced tissue injuries in target organs such as the kidney, heart, eye, liver, skin, and nervous system contribute significantly to the morbidity and mortality of diabetes. However, whether the lung should be considered a diabetic target organ has been discussed for decades. Accumulating evidence shows that both pulmonary histological changes and functional abnormalities have been observed in diabetic patients, suggesting that the lung is a diabetic target organ. Mechanisms underlying diabetic lung are unclear, however, oxidative stress, systemic inflammation, and premature aging convincingly contribute to them. Circadian system and Sirtuins have been well-documented to play important roles in above mechanisms. Circadian rhythms are intrinsic mammalian biological oscillations with a period of near 24 h driven by the circadian clock system. This system plays an important role in the regulation of energy metabolism, oxidative stress, inflammation, cellular proliferation and senescence, thus impacting metabolism-related diseases, chronic airway diseases and cancers. Sirtuins, a family of adenine dinucleotide (NAD+)-dependent histone deacetylases, have been demonstrated to regulate a series of physiological processes and affect diseases such as obesity, insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes (T2DM), heart disease, cancer, and aging. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the understanding of the roles of the circadian clock and Sirtuins in regulating cellular processes and highlight the potential interactions of the circadian clock and Sirtuins in the context of diabetic lung.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shuang Zhou
- Department of Rheumatology, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- *Correspondence: Shuang Zhou
| | - Yi-Min Dai
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Xiao-Feng Zeng
- Department of Rheumatology, National Clinical Research Center for Dermatologic and Immunologic Diseases (NCRC-DID), Peking Union Medical College Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
| | - Hou-Zao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Molecular Biology, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, Institute of Basic Medical Sciences, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
- Hou-Zao Chen ;
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Postolache TT, Gulati A, Okusaga OO, Stiller JW. An Introduction to Circadian Endocrine Physiology: Implications for Exercise and Sports Performance. ENDOCRINOLOGY OF PHYSICAL ACTIVITY AND SPORT 2020. [DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-33376-8_20] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
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The Association between Chronotype and Dietary Pattern among Adults: A Scoping Review. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2019; 17:ijerph17010068. [PMID: 31861810 PMCID: PMC6981497 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17010068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 91] [Impact Index Per Article: 18.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 12/02/2019] [Accepted: 12/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Chronotype reflects an individual’s preferred time of the day for an activity/rest cycle and individuals can be classified as a morning, intermediate, or evening type. A growing number of studies have examined the relationship between chronotype and general health. This review aimed to map current evidence of the association between chronotype and dietary intake among the adult population. A systematic search was conducted across five databases: EBSCO Host, Medline & Ovid, Pubmed, Scopus, and The Cochrane Library. The inclusion criteria were adult subjects (more than 18 years old), and included an assessment of (i) chronotype, (ii) dietary behaviour/nutrient intake/food group intake, and (iii) an analysis of the association between chronotype and dietary behaviour/nutrient intake/food group intake. A total of 36 studies were included in the review. This review incorporated studies from various study designs, however, the majority of these studies were based on a cross-sectional design (n = 29). Dietary outcomes were categorized into three main groups, namely dietary behaviour, nutrient intake, and specific food group intake. This scoping review demonstrates that evening-type individuals are mostly engaged with unhealthy dietary habits related to obesity and were thus hampered in the case of weight loss interventions. Hence, this review has identified several dietary aspects that can be addressed in the development of a personalised chrono-nutrition weight loss intervention.
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27
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Time-restricted feeding improves adaptation to chronically alternating light-dark cycles. Sci Rep 2019; 9:7874. [PMID: 31133707 PMCID: PMC6536683 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-44398-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 05/02/2019] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Disturbance of the circadian clock has been associated with increased risk of cardio-metabolic disorders. Previous studies showed that optimal timing of food intake can improve metabolic health. We hypothesized that time-restricted feeding could be a strategy to minimize long term adverse metabolic health effects of shift work and jetlag. In this study, we exposed female FVB mice to weekly alternating light-dark cycles (i.e. 12 h shifts) combined with ad libitum feeding, dark phase feeding or feeding at a fixed clock time, in the original dark phase. In contrast to our expectations, long-term disturbance of the circadian clock had only modest effects on metabolic parameters. Mice fed at a fixed time showed a delayed adaptation compared to ad libitum fed animals, in terms of the similarity in 24 h rhythm of core body temperature, in weeks when food was only available in the light phase. This was accompanied by increased plasma triglyceride levels and decreased energy expenditure, indicating a less favorable metabolic state. On the other hand, dark phase feeding accelerated adaptation of core body temperature and activity rhythms, however, did not improve the metabolic state of animals compared to ad libitum feeding. Taken together, restricting food intake to the active dark phase enhanced adaptation to shifts in the light-dark schedule, without significantly affecting metabolic parameters.
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28
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Small L, Brandon AE, Parker BL, Deshpande V, Samsudeen AF, Kowalski GM, Reznick J, Wilks DL, Preston E, Bruce CR, James DE, Turner N, Cooney GJ. Reduced insulin action in muscle of high fat diet rats over the diurnal cycle is not associated with defective insulin signaling. Mol Metab 2019; 25:107-118. [PMID: 31029696 PMCID: PMC6600078 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmet.2019.04.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/26/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective Energy metabolism and insulin action follow a diurnal rhythm. It is therefore important that investigations into dysregulation of these pathways are relevant to the physiology of this diurnal rhythm. Methods We examined glucose uptake, markers of insulin action, and the phosphorylation of insulin signaling intermediates in muscle of chow and high fat, high sucrose (HFHS) diet-fed rats over the normal diurnal cycle. Results HFHS animals displayed hyperinsulinemia but had reduced systemic glucose disposal and lower muscle glucose uptake during the feeding period. Analysis of gene expression, enzyme activity, protein abundance and phosphorylation revealed a clear diurnal regulation of substrate oxidation pathways with no difference in Akt signaling in muscle. Transfection of a constitutively active Akt2 into the muscle of HFHS rats did not rescue diet-induced reductions in insulin-stimulated glucose uptake. Conclusions These studies suggest that reduced glucose uptake in muscle during the diurnal cycle induced by short-term HFHS-feeding is not the result of reduced insulin signaling. Investigating metabolism in rodents over the diurnal cycle more accurately models normal animal physiology. Diurnal regulation of substrate oxidation is altered in muscle of HFHS-fed rats. There is a disconnect between glucose uptake and canonical insulin signaling in muscle. Activation of Akt2 does not rescue diet-induced reductions in insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in muscle.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewin Small
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Amanda E Brandon
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia; The University of Sydney, School of Medical Science, Charles Perkins Centre D17, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Benjamin L Parker
- The University of Sydney, School of Life and Environmental Science, Charles Perkins Centre D17, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Vinita Deshpande
- The University of Sydney, School of Life and Environmental Science, Charles Perkins Centre D17, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Azrah F Samsudeen
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Greg M Kowalski
- Deakin University, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Geelong, Australia
| | - Jane Reznick
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Donna L Wilks
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Elaine Preston
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Clinton R Bruce
- Deakin University, School of Exercise and Nutrition Sciences, Faculty of Health, Institute for Physical Activity and Nutrition, Geelong, Australia
| | - David E James
- The University of Sydney, School of Life and Environmental Science, Charles Perkins Centre D17, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Nigel Turner
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Science, University of New South Wales, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - Gregory J Cooney
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, The Garvan Institute of Medical Research, Sydney, NSW, Australia; The University of Sydney, School of Medical Science, Charles Perkins Centre D17, Sydney, NSW, Australia.
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Abstract
Insulin resistance is a main determinant in the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus and a major cause of morbidity and mortality. The circadian timing system consists of a central brain clock in the hypothalamic suprachiasmatic nucleus and various peripheral tissue clocks. The circadian timing system is responsible for the coordination of many daily processes, including the daily rhythm in human glucose metabolism. The central clock regulates food intake, energy expenditure and whole-body insulin sensitivity, and these actions are further fine-tuned by local peripheral clocks. For instance, the peripheral clock in the gut regulates glucose absorption, peripheral clocks in muscle, adipose tissue and liver regulate local insulin sensitivity, and the peripheral clock in the pancreas regulates insulin secretion. Misalignment between different components of the circadian timing system and daily rhythms of sleep-wake behaviour or food intake as a result of genetic, environmental or behavioural factors might be an important contributor to the development of insulin resistance. Specifically, clock gene mutations, exposure to artificial light-dark cycles, disturbed sleep, shift work and social jet lag are factors that might contribute to circadian disruption. Here, we review the physiological links between circadian clocks, glucose metabolism and insulin sensitivity, and present current evidence for a relationship between circadian disruption and insulin resistance. We conclude by proposing several strategies that aim to use chronobiological knowledge to improve human metabolic health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dirk Jan Stenvers
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Frank A J L Scheer
- Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, USA
- Medical Chronobiology Program, Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA, USA
| | - Patrick Schrauwen
- Department of Nutrition and Movement Sciences, NUTRIM, School for Nutrition and Translational Research in Metabolism, Maastricht University Medical Center, Maastricht, Netherlands
| | - Susanne E la Fleur
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Laboratory for Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), Royal Dutch Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Amsterdam, Netherlands
| | - Andries Kalsbeek
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
- Laboratory for Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam University Medical Centers, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands.
- Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), Royal Dutch Academy of Arts and Sciences (KNAW), Amsterdam, Netherlands.
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Zitting KM, Vujovic N, Yuan RK, Isherwood CM, Medina JE, Wang W, Buxton OM, Williams JS, Czeisler CA, Duffy JF. Human Resting Energy Expenditure Varies with Circadian Phase. Curr Biol 2018; 28:3685-3690.e3. [PMID: 30416064 PMCID: PMC6300153 DOI: 10.1016/j.cub.2018.10.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 102] [Impact Index Per Article: 17.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/16/2018] [Revised: 09/05/2018] [Accepted: 10/01/2018] [Indexed: 10/27/2022]
Abstract
There is emerging evidence that circadian misalignment may alter energy expenditure, leading to obesity risk among those with irregular schedules [1-5]. It has been reported that energy expenditure is affected by the timing of sleep, exercise, and meals [6]. However, it is unclear whether the circadian system also modulates energy expenditure, independent of behavioral state and food intake. Here, we used a forced desynchrony protocol to examine whether fasted resting energy expenditure (REE) varies with circadian phase in seven participants. This protocol allowed us to uncouple sleep-wake and activity-related effects from the endogenous circadian rhythm, demonstrating that REE varies by circadian phase. REE is lowest at circadian phase ∼0°, corresponding to the endogenous core body temperature (CBT) nadir in the late biological night, and highest at circadian phase ∼180° in the biological afternoon and evening. Furthermore, we found that respiratory quotient (RQ), reflecting macronutrient utilization, also varies by circadian phase. RQ is lowest at circadian phase ∼240° and highest at circadian phase ∼60°, which corresponds to biological morning. This is the first characterization of a circadian profile in fasted resting energy expenditure and fasted respiratory quotient (with rhythmic profiles in both carbohydrate and lipid oxidation), decoupled from effects of activity, sleep-wake cycle, and diet in humans. The rhythm in energy expenditure and macronutrient metabolism may contribute to greater weight gain in shift workers and others with irregular schedules.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirsi-Marja Zitting
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Nina Vujovic
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Robin K Yuan
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Cheryl M Isherwood
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jacob E Medina
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Wei Wang
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Orfeu M Buxton
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Social and Behavioral Sciences, Harvard T.H. Chan School of Public Health, 677 Huntington Ave, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Department of Biobehavioral Health, Pennsylvania State University, University Park, PA 16802, USA
| | - Jonathan S Williams
- Division of Endocrinology, Diabetes, and Hypertension, Department of Medicine, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Charles A Czeisler
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Jeanne F Duffy
- Division of Sleep and Circadian Disorders, Departments of Medicine and Neurology, Brigham and Women's Hospital, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA; Division of Sleep Medicine, Harvard Medical School, 221 Longwood Avenue, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
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de Goede P, Sen S, Su Y, Foppen E, Poirel VJ, Challet E, Kalsbeek A. An Ultradian Feeding Schedule in Rats Affects Metabolic Gene Expression in Liver, Brown Adipose Tissue and Skeletal Muscle with Only Mild Effects on Circadian Clocks. Int J Mol Sci 2018; 19:E3171. [PMID: 30326619 PMCID: PMC6214081 DOI: 10.3390/ijms19103171] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 10/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Restricted feeding is well known to affect expression profiles of both clock and metabolic genes. However, it is unknown whether these changes in metabolic gene expression result from changes in the molecular clock or in feeding behavior. Here we eliminated the daily rhythm in feeding behavior by providing 6 meals evenly distributed over the light/dark-cycle. Animals on this 6-meals-a-day feeding schedule retained the normal day/night difference in physiological parameters including body temperature and locomotor activity. The daily rhythm in respiratory exchange ratio (RER), however, was significantly phase-shifted through increased utilization of carbohydrates during the light phase and increased lipid oxidation during the dark phase. This 6-meals-a-day feeding schedule did not have a major impact on the clock gene expression rhythms in the master clock, but did have mild effects on peripheral clocks. In contrast, genes involved in glucose and lipid metabolism showed differential expression. In conclusion, eliminating the daily rhythm in feeding behavior in rats does not affect the master clock and only mildly affects peripheral clocks, but disturbs metabolic rhythms in liver, skeletal muscle and brown adipose tissue in a tissue-dependent manner. Thereby, a clear daily rhythm in feeding behavior strongly regulates timing of peripheral metabolism, separately from circadian clocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul de Goede
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands.
| | - Satish Sen
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands.
- Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), Amsterdam 1105 BA, The Netherlands.
- Circadian Clocks & Metabolism Team, Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, UPR3212, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67000, France.
| | - Yan Su
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands.
- Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), Amsterdam 1105 BA, The Netherlands.
| | - Ewout Foppen
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands.
- Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), Amsterdam 1105 BA, The Netherlands.
| | - Vincent-Joseph Poirel
- Melatonin and Seasonal Rhythms Team, Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, UPR3212, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67000, France.
| | - Etienne Challet
- Circadian Clocks & Metabolism Team, Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, UPR3212, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg 67000, France.
| | - Andries Kalsbeek
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands.
- Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), Amsterdam 1105 BA, The Netherlands.
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam 1105 AZ, The Netherlands.
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Okauchi H, Hashimoto C, Nakao R, Oishi K. Timing of food intake is more potent than habitual voluntary exercise to prevent diet-induced obesity in mice. Chronobiol Int 2018; 36:57-74. [DOI: 10.1080/07420528.2018.1516672] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Hiroki Okauchi
- Biological Clock Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
| | - Chiaki Hashimoto
- Biological Clock Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
| | - Reiko Nakao
- Biological Clock Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
| | - Katsutaka Oishi
- Biological Clock Research Group, Biomedical Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology (AIST), Tsukuba, Japan
- Department of Applied Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Tokyo University of Science, Noda, Japan
- Department of Computational Biology and Medical Sciences, Graduate School of Frontier Sciences, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Japan
- School of Integrative and Global Majors (SIGMA), University of Tsukuba, Tsukuba, Japan
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Small L, Brandon AE, Quek LE, Krycer JR, James DE, Turner N, Cooney GJ. Acute activation of pyruvate dehydrogenase increases glucose oxidation in muscle without changing glucose uptake. Am J Physiol Endocrinol Metab 2018; 315:E258-E266. [PMID: 29406780 DOI: 10.1152/ajpendo.00386.2017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) activity is a key component of the glucose/fatty acid cycle hypothesis for the regulation of glucose uptake and metabolism. We have investigated whether acute activation of PDH in muscle can alleviate the insulin resistance caused by feeding animals a high-fat diet (HFD). The importance of PDH activity in muscle glucose disposal under insulin-stimulated conditions was determined by infusing the PDH kinase inhibitor dichloroacetate (DCA) into HFD-fed Wistar rats during a hyperinsulinemic-euglycemic clamp. Acute DCA infusion did not alter glucose infusion rate, glucose disappearance, or hepatic glucose production but did decrease plasma lactate levels. DCA substantially increased muscle PDH activity; however, this did not improve insulin-stimulated glucose uptake in insulin-resistant muscle of HFD rats. DCA infusion increased the flux of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA and reduced glucose incorporation into glycogen and alanine in muscle. Similarly, in isolated muscle, DCA treatment increased glucose oxidation and decreased glycogen synthesis without changing glucose uptake. These results suggest that, although PDH activity controls the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl-CoA for oxidation, this has little effect on glucose uptake into muscle under insulin-stimulated conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lewin Small
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute , Sydney, New South Wales , Australia
| | - Amanda E Brandon
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute , Sydney, New South Wales , Australia
- School of Medical Science, The University of Sydney, Charles Perkins Centre , New South Wales , Australia
| | - Lake-Ee Quek
- School of Mathematics and Statistics, The University of Sydney, Charles Perkins Centre , New South Wales , Australia
| | - James R Krycer
- School of Life and Environmental Science, The University of Sydney, Charles Perkins Centre , New South Wales , Australia
| | - David E James
- School of Life and Environmental Science, The University of Sydney, Charles Perkins Centre , New South Wales , Australia
| | - Nigel Turner
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Science, University of New South Wales , Sydney, New South Wales , Australia
| | - Gregory J Cooney
- Diabetes and Metabolism Division, Garvan Institute , Sydney, New South Wales , Australia
- School of Medical Science, The University of Sydney, Charles Perkins Centre , New South Wales , Australia
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Wang H, van Spyk E, Liu Q, Geyfman M, Salmans ML, Kumar V, Ihler A, Li N, Takahashi JS, Andersen B. Time-Restricted Feeding Shifts the Skin Circadian Clock and Alters UVB-Induced DNA Damage. Cell Rep 2018; 20:1061-1072. [PMID: 28768192 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2017.07.022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 63] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2017] [Accepted: 07/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/25/2023] Open
Abstract
The epidermis is a highly regenerative barrier protecting organisms from environmental insults, including UV radiation, the main cause of skin cancer and skin aging. Here, we show that time-restricted feeding (RF) shifts the phase and alters the amplitude of the skin circadian clock and affects the expression of approximately 10% of the skin transcriptome. Furthermore, a large number of skin-expressed genes are acutely regulated by food intake. Although the circadian clock is required for daily rhythms in DNA synthesis in epidermal progenitor cells, RF-induced shifts in clock phase do not alter the phase of DNA synthesis. However, RF alters both diurnal sensitivity to UVB-induced DNA damage and expression of the key DNA repair gene, Xpa. Together, our findings indicate regulation of skin function by time of feeding and emphasize a link between circadian rhythm, food intake, and skin health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong Wang
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, School of Preclinical Medicine, Guangxi Medical University, Nanning 530021, China
| | - Elyse van Spyk
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Qiang Liu
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Mikhail Geyfman
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Michael L Salmans
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Vivek Kumar
- The Jackson Laboratory, Bar Harbor, ME 04609, USA
| | - Alexander Ihler
- Department of Computer Science, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA
| | - Ning Li
- State Key Laboratory for Agrobiotechnology, College of Biological Sciences, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Joseph S Takahashi
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA; Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center, Dallas, TX 75390, USA
| | - Bogi Andersen
- Department of Biological Chemistry, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, School of Medicine, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Center for Complex Biological Systems, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA; Institute for Genomics and Bioinformatics, University of California, Irvine, Irvine, CA 92697, USA.
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35
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Shift-work: is time of eating determining metabolic health? Evidence from animal models. Proc Nutr Soc 2018; 77:199-215. [DOI: 10.1017/s0029665117004128] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/20/2022]
Abstract
The circadian disruption in shift-workers is suggested to be a risk factor to develop overweight and metabolic dysfunction. The conflicting time signals given by shifted activity, shifted food intake and exposure to light at night occurring in the shift-worker are proposed to be the cause for the loss of internal synchrony and the consequent adverse effects on body weight and metabolism. Because food elicited signals have proven to be potent entraining signals for peripheral oscillations, here we review the findings from experimental models of shift-work and verify whether they provide evidence about the causal association between shifted feeding schedules, circadian disruption and altered metabolism. We found mainly four experimental models that mimic the conditions of shift-work: protocols of forced sleep deprivation, of forced activity during the normal rest phase, exposure to light at night and shifted food timing. A big variability in the intensity and duration of the protocols was observed, which led to a diversity of effects. A common result was the disruption of temporal patterns of activity; however, not all studies explored the temporal patterns of food intake. According to studies that evaluate time of food intake as an experimental model of shift-work and studies that evaluate shifted food consumption, time of food intake may be a determining factor for the loss of balance at the circadian and metabolic level.
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Wu X, Xie C, Long C, Li J, Zhou X, Fan Z, Blachier F, Yin Y. Effects of a daily three-meal pattern with different dietary protein contents on pig growth performance, carcass and muscle quality traits. JOURNAL OF THE SCIENCE OF FOOD AND AGRICULTURE 2018; 98:415-421. [PMID: 28581023 DOI: 10.1002/jsfa.8467] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2016] [Revised: 05/29/2017] [Accepted: 05/29/2017] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Recent research related to phase-feeding programmes for pig nutrition do not always account for the variation among individuals, and feeds are usually formulated to optimise the performance of the whole pig population. This study aimed at measuring the effects of a daily three-meal pattern with different dietary protein contents on pig growth performance, carcass and muscle quality traits. RESULTS The results showed that compared with the 3C treatment, average daily gain (ADG) of pigs in the HCL treatment increased by 14.75% (P < 0.05) during period 1. The carcass weight (P = 0.006) and slaughter weight (P = 0.021) in the HCL group increased when compared with those in the 3C and LCH treatments. Moreover, the LCH feeding sequences contributed to reduce the drip loss in longissimus dorsi (LD) muscle (P < 0.05) when compared with the 3C treatment. The HCL or LCH feeding sequence contributed to increase the meat quality when compared with those receiving the 3C treatment. CONCLUSION Collectively, our results indicate that feeding high protein meal in the morning and a gradual reduction of the protein content in meals over the day may improve muscle quality characteristics, maximise performance, and reduce the pig feed cost. © 2017 Society of Chemical Industry.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xin Wu
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Safety Animal Production, CICSAP, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Chunyan Xie
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Safety Animal Production, CICSAP, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Cimin Long
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Jun Li
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Xihong Zhou
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
| | - Zhiyong Fan
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Safety Animal Production, CICSAP, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
| | - Francois Blachier
- INRA/AgroParisTech, UMR 914 Nutrition Physiology and Ingestive Behavior, Paris, France
| | - Yulong Yin
- Hunan Provincial Engineering Research Center of Healthy Livestock, Key Laboratory of Agro-ecological Processes in Subtropical Region, Institute of Subtropical Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Changsha, Hunan, China
- Hunan Co-Innovation Center of Safety Animal Production, CICSAP, Hunan Agricultural University, Changsha, China
- School of Life Sciences, Hunan Normal University, Changsha, China
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Cissé YM, Borniger JC, Lemanski E, Walker WH, Nelson RJ. Time-Restricted Feeding Alters the Innate Immune Response to Bacterial Endotoxin. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2017; 200:681-687. [PMID: 29203514 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1701136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2017] [Accepted: 10/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
An important entraining signal for the endogenous circadian clock, independent of light, is food intake. The circadian and immune systems are linked; forced desynchrony of the circadian clock via nighttime light exposure or genetic ablation of core clock components impairs immune function. The timing of food intake affects various aspects of the circadian clock, but its effects on immune function are unknown. We tested the hypothesis that temporal desynchrony of food intake alters innate immune responses. Adult male Swiss Webster mice were provided with food during the night, the day, or ad libitum for 4 wk, followed by administration of LPS prior to the onset of either the active phase (zeitgeber time [ZT]12: Experiment 1) or the inactive phase (ZT0: Experiment 2). Three hours after LPS administration, blood was collected, and serum was tested for bacteria-killing capacity against Escherichia coli, as a functional assay of immune function. Additionally, cytokine expression was examined in the serum (protein), spleen, and hypothalamus (mRNA). Day-fed mice suppressed bacteria-killing capacity and serum cytokine responses to LPS during the active phase (ZT12). Night-fed mice increased bactericidal capacity, as well as serum and hypothalamic mRNA responses of certain proinflammatory cytokines during the active phase. Only day-fed mice enhanced serum cytokine responses when LPS challenge occurred during the inactive phase (ZT0); this did not result in enhanced bactericidal capacity. These data suggest that mistimed feeding has functional relevance for immune function and provide further evidence for the integration of the circadian, metabolic, and immune systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yasmine M Cissé
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210; and Behavioral Neuroendocrinology Group, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Jeremy C Borniger
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210; and Behavioral Neuroendocrinology Group, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Elise Lemanski
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210; and Behavioral Neuroendocrinology Group, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - William H Walker
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210; and Behavioral Neuroendocrinology Group, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
| | - Randy J Nelson
- Neuroscience Research Institute, Department of Neuroscience, The Ohio State University Wexner Medical Center, Columbus, OH 43210; and Behavioral Neuroendocrinology Group, The Ohio State University, Columbus, OH 43210
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38
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Siddiqui S, Lustig A, Carter A, Sankar M, Daimon CM, Premont RT, Etienne H, van Gastel J, Azmi A, Janssens J, Becker KG, Zhang Y, Wood W, Lehrmann E, Martin JG, Martin B, Taub DD, Maudsley S. Genomic deletion of GIT2 induces a premature age-related thymic dysfunction and systemic immune system disruption. Aging (Albany NY) 2017; 9:706-740. [PMID: 28260693 PMCID: PMC5391227 DOI: 10.18632/aging.101185] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2016] [Accepted: 02/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Recent research has proposed that GIT2 (G protein-coupled receptor kinase interacting protein 2) acts as an integrator of the aging process through regulation of 'neurometabolic' integrity. One of the commonly accepted hallmarks of the aging process is thymic involution. At a relatively young age, 12 months old, GIT2-/- mice present a prematurely distorted thymic structure and dysfunction compared to age-matched 12 month-old wild-type control (C57BL/6) mice. Disruption of thymic structure in GIT2-/- (GIT2KO) mice was associated with a significant reduction in the expression of the cortical thymic marker, Troma-I (cytokeratin 8). Double positive (CD4+CD8+) and single positive CD4+ T cells were also markedly reduced in 12 month-old GIT2KO mice compared to age-matched control wild-type mice. Coincident with this premature thymic disruption in GIT2KO mice was the unique generation of a novel cervical 'organ', i.e. 'parathymic lobes'. These novel organs did not exhibit classical peripheral lymph node-like characteristics but expressed high levels of T cell progenitors that were reflexively reduced in GIT2KO thymi. Using signaling pathway analysis of GIT2KO thymus and parathymic lobe transcriptomic data we found that the molecular signaling functions lost in the dysfunctional GIT2KO thymus were selectively reinstated in the novel parathymic lobe - suggestive of a compensatory effect for the premature thymic disruption. Broader inspection of high-dimensionality transcriptomic data from GIT2KO lymph nodes, spleen, thymus and parathymic lobes revealed a systemic alteration of multiple proteins (Dbp, Tef, Per1, Per2, Fbxl3, Ddit4, Sin3a) involved in the multidimensional control of cell cycle clock regulation, cell senescence, cellular metabolism and DNA damage. Altered cell clock regulation across both immune and non-immune tissues therefore may be responsible for the premature 'aging' phenotype of GIT2KO mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sana Siddiqui
- Receptor Pharmacology Unit, Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging (NIA), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Ana Lustig
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, NIA, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Arnell Carter
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, NIA, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Mathavi Sankar
- Metabolism Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, NIA, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Caitlin M Daimon
- Metabolism Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, NIA, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | | | - Harmonie Etienne
- Translational Neurobiology Group, VIB Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jaana van Gastel
- Translational Neurobiology Group, VIB Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Abdelkrim Azmi
- Translational Neurobiology Group, VIB Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Jonathan Janssens
- Translational Neurobiology Group, VIB Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Antwerp, Belgium
| | - Kevin G Becker
- Gene Expression and Genomics Unit, Research Resources Branch, NIA, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Yongqing Zhang
- Gene Expression and Genomics Unit, Research Resources Branch, NIA, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - William Wood
- Gene Expression and Genomics Unit, Research Resources Branch, NIA, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Elin Lehrmann
- Gene Expression and Genomics Unit, Research Resources Branch, NIA, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - James G Martin
- Research Institute of the MUHC, Centre for Translational Biology (CTB), Meakins-Christie Laboratories, McGill University, Montreal, QC, H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Bronwen Martin
- Metabolism Unit, Laboratory of Clinical Investigation, NIA, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Dennis D Taub
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology and Immunology, NIA, NIH, Baltimore, MD 21224, USA
| | - Stuart Maudsley
- Receptor Pharmacology Unit, Laboratory of Neurosciences, National Institute on Aging (NIA), National Institutes of Health (NIH), Baltimore, MD 21224, USA.,Translational Neurobiology Group, VIB Department of Molecular Genetics, University of Antwerp, Belgium
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39
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Liu L, Jiang G, Peng Z, Li Y, Li J, Zou L, He Z, Wang X, Chu W. The effect of high fat diet on daily rhythm of the core clock genes and muscle functional genes in the skeletal muscle of Chinese soft-shelled turtle ( Trionyx sinensis ). Comp Biochem Physiol B Biochem Mol Biol 2017; 213:17-27. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cbpb.2017.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2016] [Revised: 03/07/2017] [Accepted: 07/11/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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40
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de Goede P, Sen S, Oosterman JE, Foppen E, Jansen R, la Fleur SE, Challet E, Kalsbeek A. Differential effects of diet composition and timing of feeding behavior on rat brown adipose tissue and skeletal muscle peripheral clocks. Neurobiol Sleep Circadian Rhythms 2017; 4:24-33. [PMID: 31236504 PMCID: PMC6584485 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbscr.2017.09.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/03/2017] [Revised: 09/06/2017] [Accepted: 09/11/2017] [Indexed: 12/01/2022] Open
Abstract
The effects of feeding behavior and diet composition, as well as their possible interactions, on daily (clock) gene expression rhythms have mainly been studied in the liver, and to a lesser degree in white adipose tissue (WAT), but hardly in other metabolic tissues such as skeletal muscle (SM) and brown adipose tissues (BAT). We therefore subjected male Wistar rats to a regular chow or free choice high-fat-high sugar (fcHFHS) diet in combination with time restricted feeding (TRF) to either the light or dark phase. In SM, all tested clock genes lost their rhythmic expression in the chow light fed group. In the fcHFHS light fed group rhythmic expression for some, but not all, clock genes was maintained, but shifted by several hours. In BAT the daily rhythmicity of clock genes was maintained for the light fed groups, but expression patterns were shifted as compared with ad libitum and dark fed groups, whilst the fcHFHS diet made the rhythmicity of clock genes become more pronounced. Most of the metabolic genes in BAT tissue tested did not show any rhythmic expression in either the chow or fcHFHS groups. In SM Pdk4 and Ucp3 were phase-shifted, but remained rhythmically expressed in the chow light fed groups. Rhythmic expression was lost for Ucp3 whilst on the fcHFHS diet during the light phase. In summary, both feeding at the wrong time of day and diet composition disturb the peripheral clocks in SM and BAT, but to different degrees and thereby result in a further desynchronization between metabolically active tissues such as SM, BAT, WAT and liver. Both timing of feeding and diet composition affect clock genes in BAT and SM. Light phase time-restricted feeding abolishes SM clock gene rhythms. A fcHSHS diet strengthens rhythmic expression of several clock genes in BAT and SM. Metabolic genes PDK4 and UCP1/3 are affected by both timing of feeding and diet. Light phase time-restricted feeding causes desynchronization of BAT and SM clocks.
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Affiliation(s)
- Paul de Goede
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Satish Sen
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Regulation of Circadian Clocks team, Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, UPR3212, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Johanneke E Oosterman
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Metabolism and Reward, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Ewout Foppen
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Remi Jansen
- Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Susanne E la Fleur
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Metabolism and Reward, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Etienne Challet
- Regulation of Circadian Clocks team, Institute of Cellular and Integrative Neurosciences, UPR3212, Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Strasbourg, Strasbourg, France
| | - Andries Kalsbeek
- Laboratory of Endocrinology, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms Group, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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41
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Wang D, Opperhuizen AL, Reznick J, Turner N, Su Y, Cooney GJ, Kalsbeek A. Effects of feeding time on daily rhythms of neuropeptide and clock gene expression in the rat hypothalamus. Brain Res 2017; 1671:93-101. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2017.07.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/16/2017] [Revised: 06/09/2017] [Accepted: 07/10/2017] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
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42
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Kiehn JT, Tsang AH, Heyde I, Leinweber B, Kolbe I, Leliavski A, Oster H. Circadian Rhythms in Adipose Tissue Physiology. Compr Physiol 2017; 7:383-427. [PMID: 28333377 DOI: 10.1002/cphy.c160017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The different types of adipose tissues fulfill a wide range of biological functions-from energy storage to hormone secretion and thermogenesis-many of which show pronounced variations over the course of the day. Such 24-h rhythms in physiology and behavior are coordinated by endogenous circadian clocks found in all tissues and cells, including adipocytes. At the molecular level, these clocks are based on interlocked transcriptional-translational feedback loops comprised of a set of clock genes/proteins. Tissue-specific clock-controlled transcriptional programs translate time-of-day information into physiologically relevant signals. In adipose tissues, clock gene control has been documented for adipocyte proliferation and differentiation, lipid metabolism as well as endocrine function and other adipose oscillations are under control of systemic signals tied to endocrine, neuronal, or behavioral rhythms. Circadian rhythm disruption, for example, by night shift work or through genetic alterations, is associated with changes in adipocyte metabolism and hormone secretion. At the same time, adipose metabolic state feeds back to central and peripheral clocks, adjusting behavioral and physiological rhythms. In this overview article, we summarize our current knowledge about the crosstalk between circadian clocks and energy metabolism with a focus on adipose physiology. © 2017 American Physiological Society. Compr Physiol 7:383-427, 2017.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jana-Thabea Kiehn
- Chronophysiology Group, Medical Department I, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Anthony H Tsang
- Chronophysiology Group, Medical Department I, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Isabel Heyde
- Chronophysiology Group, Medical Department I, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Brinja Leinweber
- Chronophysiology Group, Medical Department I, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Isa Kolbe
- Chronophysiology Group, Medical Department I, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Alexei Leliavski
- Institute of Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Henrik Oster
- Chronophysiology Group, Medical Department I, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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43
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Aoyama S, Shibata S. The Role of Circadian Rhythms in Muscular and Osseous Physiology and Their Regulation by Nutrition and Exercise. Front Neurosci 2017; 11:63. [PMID: 28261043 PMCID: PMC5306200 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2017.00063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2016] [Accepted: 01/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The mammalian circadian clock regulates the day and night cycles of various physiological functions. The circadian clock system consists of a central clock in the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) of the hypothalamus and peripheral clocks in peripheral tissues. According to the results of circadian transcriptomic studies in several tissues, the majority of rhythmic genes are expressed in a tissue-specific manner and are influenced by tissue-specific circadian rhythms. Here we review the diurnal variations of musculoskeletal functions and discuss the impact of the circadian clock on homeostasis in skeletal muscle and bone. Peripheral clocks are controlled by not only photic stimulation from the central clock in the SCN but also by external cues, such as feeding and exercise. In this review, we discuss the effects of feeding and exercise on the circadian clock and diurnal variation of musculoskeletal functions. We also discuss the therapeutic potential of chrono-nutrition and chrono-exercise on circadian disturbances and the failure of homeostasis in skeletal muscle and bone.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shinya Aoyama
- Organization for University Research Initiatives, Waseda UniversityTokyo, Japan; Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda UniversityTokyo, Japan
| | - Shigenobu Shibata
- Laboratory of Physiology and Pharmacology, School of Advanced Science and Engineering, Waseda University Tokyo, Japan
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44
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Opperhuizen AL, Wang D, Foppen E, Jansen R, Boudzovitch-Surovtseva O, de Vries J, Fliers E, Kalsbeek A. Feeding during the resting phase causes profound changes in physiology and desynchronization between liver and muscle rhythms of rats. Eur J Neurosci 2016; 44:2795-2806. [PMID: 27562056 DOI: 10.1111/ejn.13377] [Citation(s) in RCA: 45] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2016] [Revised: 08/18/2016] [Accepted: 08/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Shiftworkers run an increased risk of developing metabolic disorders, presumably as a result of disturbed circadian physiology. Eating at a time-of-day that is normally dedicated to resting and fasting, may contribute to this association. The hypothalamus is the key brain area that integrates different inputs, including environmental time information from the central biological clock in the suprachiasmatic nuclei, with peripheral information on energy status to maintain energy homeostasis. The orexin system within the lateral hypothalamus is an important output of the suprachiasmatic nuclei involved in the control of sleep/wake behavior and glucose homeostasis, among other functions. In this study, we tested the hypothesis that feeding during the rest period disturbs the orexin system as a possible underlying contributor to metabolic health problems. Male Wistar rats were exposed to an 8-week protocol in which food was available ad libitum for 24-h, for 12-h during the light phase (i.e., unnatural feeding time) or for 12-h during the dark phase (i.e., restricted feeding, but at the natural time-of-day). Animals forced to eat at an unnatural time, i.e., during the light period, showed no changes in orexin and orexin-receptor gene expression in the hypothalamus, but the rhythmic expression of clock genes in the lateral hypothalamus was absent in these animals. Light fed animals did show adverse changes in whole-body physiology and internal desynchronization of muscle and liver clock and metabolic gene expression. Eating at the 'wrong' time-of-day thus causes internal desynchronization at different levels, which in the long run may disrupt body physiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anne-Loes Opperhuizen
- Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Dawei Wang
- Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Institute of Plant Protection (IPP), Chinese Academy of Agricultural Science (CAAS), Beijing, China
| | - Ewout Foppen
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Remi Jansen
- Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Olga Boudzovitch-Surovtseva
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Janneke de Vries
- Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Eric Fliers
- Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Andries Kalsbeek
- Hypothalamic Integration Mechanisms, Netherlands Institute for Neuroscience (NIN), Meibergdreef 47, 1105 BA, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Department of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Academic Medical Center (AMC), University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
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45
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When to eat? The influence of circadian rhythms on metabolic health: are animal studies providing the evidence? Nutr Res Rev 2016; 29:180-193. [PMID: 27364352 DOI: 10.1017/s095442241600010x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
As obesity and metabolic diseases rise, there is need to investigate physiological and behavioural aspects associated with their development. Circadian rhythms have a profound influence on metabolic processes, as they prepare the body to optimise energy use and storage. Moreover, food-related signals confer temporal order to organs involved in metabolic regulation. Therefore food intake should be synchronised with the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN) to elaborate efficient responses to environmental challenges. Human studies suggest that a loss of synchrony between mealtime and the SCN promotes obesity and metabolic disturbances. Animal research using different paradigms has been performed to characterise the effects of timing of food intake on metabolic profiles. Therefore the purpose of the present review is to critically examine the evidence of animal studies, to provide a state of the art on metabolic findings and to assess whether the paradigms used in rodent models give the evidence to support a 'best time' for food intake. First we analyse and compare the current findings of studies where mealtime has been shifted out of phase from the light-dark cycle. Then, we analyse studies restricting meal times to different moments within the active period. So far animal studies correlate well with human studies, demonstrating that restricting food intake to the active phase limits metabolic disturbances produced by high-energy diets and that eating during the inactive/sleep phase leads to a worse metabolic outcome. Based on the latter we discuss the missing elements and possible mechanisms leading to the metabolic consequences, as these are still lacking.
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46
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Rocha LSD, de Matos RJB, de Souza JA, Costa ACO, Lopes de Souza S, Muniz GDS, Nascimento ED. Daytime increase in caloric intake without change in total 24-h caloric intake can increase adiposity but not total bodyweight in rats with inverted feeding pattern. Appl Physiol Nutr Metab 2016; 42:931-940. [PMID: 28511018 DOI: 10.1139/apnm-2016-0536] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/22/2022]
Abstract
The goal of this study was to evaluate the effect of the food availability period on body weight, self-selection of macronutrients, adiposity, lipoprotein, and serum glucose profiles without changing energy intake. Young male rats were divided into 2 groups according to the availability of food during the light and dark phases of the cycle, forming 2 groups: control group (CG) and group with inverted feeding pattern (IFPG). Before inversion of food availability on the 80th day, circadian food intake was measured every 4 h over 24 h during 3 days. The glycemic curve, an oral test for glucose tolerance, and self-selection of macronutrients were evaluated. Blood samples were collected for analysis of fasting glucose, triglycerides, and total cholesterol fractions. The IFPG showed an increase in fasting glucose in the dark phase of the cycle, changes in the glycemic curve, and oral glucose tolerance test. It also showed increased abdominal and liver fat and distinct choice of macronutrients compared with the CG. A change in the availability of food according to the phase of the circadian cycle produces changes in glucose and feeding circadian rhythm culminating in increased abdominal and hepatic fat. These effects can increase the risk of metabolic disorders and installation of chronic diseases.
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47
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Abstract
Robust circadian rhythms in metabolic processes have been described in both humans and animal models, at the whole body, individual organ, and even cellular level. Classically, these time-of-day-dependent rhythms have been considered secondary to fluctuations in energy/nutrient supply/demand associated with feeding/fasting and wake/sleep cycles. Renewed interest in this field has been fueled by studies revealing that these rhythms are driven, at least in part, by intrinsic mechanisms and that disruption of metabolic synchrony invariably increases the risk of cardiometabolic disease. The objectives of this paper are to provide a comprehensive review regarding rhythms in glucose, lipid, and protein/amino acid metabolism, the relative influence of extrinsic (eg, neurohumoral factors) versus intrinsic (eg, cell autonomous circadian clocks) mediators, the physiologic roles of these rhythms in terms of daily fluctuations in nutrient availability and activity status, as well as the pathologic consequences of dyssynchrony.
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Affiliation(s)
- Graham R McGinnis
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
| | - Martin E Young
- Division of Cardiovascular Disease, Department of Medicine, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL, USA
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48
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Montgomery MK, Fiveash CE, Braude JP, Osborne B, Brown SHJ, Mitchell TW, Turner N. Disparate metabolic response to fructose feeding between different mouse strains. Sci Rep 2015; 5:18474. [PMID: 26690387 PMCID: PMC4686880 DOI: 10.1038/srep18474] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/10/2015] [Accepted: 11/19/2015] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Diets enriched in fructose (FR) increase lipogenesis in the liver, leading to hepatic lipid accumulation and the development of insulin resistance. Previously, we have shown that in contrast to other mouse strains, BALB/c mice are resistant to high fat diet-induced metabolic deterioration, potentially due to a lack of ectopic lipid accumulation in the liver. In this study we have compared the metabolic response of BALB/c and C57BL/6 (BL6) mice to a fructose-enriched diet. Both strains of mice increased adiposity in response to FR-feeding, while only BL6 mice displayed elevated hepatic triglyceride (TAG) accumulation and glucose intolerance. The lack of hepatic TAG accumulation in BALB/c mice appeared to be linked to an altered balance between lipogenic and lipolytic pathways, while the protection from fructose-induced glucose intolerance in this strain was likely related to low levels of ER stress, a slight elevation in insulin levels and an altered profile of diacylglycerol species in the liver. Collectively these findings highlight the multifactorial nature of metabolic defects that develop in response to changes in the intake of specific nutrients and the divergent response of different mouse strains to dietary challenges.
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Affiliation(s)
- M K Montgomery
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - C E Fiveash
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - J P Braude
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - B Osborne
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
| | - S H J Brown
- School of Health Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.,Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - T W Mitchell
- School of Health Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia.,Illawarra Health and Medical Research Institute, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
| | - N Turner
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Medical Sciences, UNSW Australia, Sydney, NSW, Australia
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49
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Mayeuf-Louchart A, Staels B, Duez H. Skeletal muscle functions around the clock. Diabetes Obes Metab 2015; 17 Suppl 1:39-46. [PMID: 26332967 DOI: 10.1111/dom.12517] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 05/03/2015] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
In mammals, the central clock localized in the central nervous system imposes a circadian rhythmicity to all organs. This is achieved thanks to a well-conserved molecular clockwork, involving interactions between several transcription factors, whose pace is conveyed to peripheral tissues through neuronal and humoral signals. The molecular clock plays a key role in the control of numerous physiological processes and takes part in the regulation of metabolism and energy balance. Skeletal muscle is one of the peripheral organs whose function is under the control of the molecular clock. However, although skeletal muscle metabolism and performances display circadian rhythmicity, the role of the molecular clock in the skeletal muscle has remained unappreciated for years. Peripheral organs such as skeletal muscle, and the liver, among others, can be desynchronized from the central clock by external stimuli, such as feeding or exercise, which impose a new rhythm at the organism level. In this review, we discuss our current understanding of the clock in skeletal muscle circadian physiology, focusing on the control of myogenesis and skeletal muscle metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Mayeuf-Louchart
- University of Lille, U1011, EGID, F-59000, Lille, France
- INSERM, U1011, F-59000 Lille, France
- CHU Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - B Staels
- University of Lille, U1011, EGID, F-59000, Lille, France
- INSERM, U1011, F-59000 Lille, France
- CHU Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011, F-59000 Lille, France
| | - H Duez
- University of Lille, U1011, EGID, F-59000, Lille, France
- INSERM, U1011, F-59000 Lille, France
- CHU Lille, F-59000, Lille, France
- Institut Pasteur de Lille, U1011, F-59000 Lille, France
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50
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Decreased rates of operant food self-administration are associated with reward deficits in high-fat feeding mice. Eur J Nutr 2015; 55:1615-22. [DOI: 10.1007/s00394-015-0980-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2014] [Accepted: 06/29/2015] [Indexed: 10/23/2022]
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