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Huang F, Zhang L, Zhou Y, Zhao S, Wang J. NrCAM activates the NF-κB signalling pathway by competitively binding to SUMO-1 and promotes Th17 cell differentiation in Graves' disease. Scand J Immunol 2024:e13401. [PMID: 39155774 DOI: 10.1111/sji.13401] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/14/2024] [Revised: 07/16/2024] [Accepted: 07/28/2024] [Indexed: 08/20/2024]
Abstract
This study aimed to explore the molecular mechanism of neuronal cell adhesion molecule (NrCAM) by regulating Th17 cell differentiation in the pathogenesis of Graves' disease (GD). Naïve CD4+ T cells were isolated from peripheral blood mononuclear cells of GD patients and healthy control (HC) subjects. During the differentiation of CD4+ T cells into Th17 cells, NrCAM level in GD group was improved. Interference with NrCAM in CD4+ T cells of GD patients decreased the percentage of Th17 cells. NrCAM overexpression in CD4+ T cells of HC subjects increased the percentage of Th17 cells and upregulated p-IκBα, p50, p65, c-Rel protein expressions, and NF-κB inhibitor BAY11-7082 partially reversed NrCAM effect. NrCAM overexpression promoted the degradation of IκBα, and overexpression of small ubiquitin-related modifier 1 (SUMO-1) inhibited IκBα degradation. NrCAM overexpression reduced IκBα binding to SUMO-1. During Th17 cell differentiation in HC group, NrCAM overexpression increased IL-21 levels and secretion, and IL-21 neutralizing antibody reversed this effect. IL-21 level was decreased after p65 interference in CD4+ T cells of HC subjects. p65 interacts with IL-21 promoter region. In conclusion, NrCAM binds to SUMO-1 and increases phosphorylation of IκBα, leading to activation of NF-κB pathway, which promotes Th17 cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fengjiao Huang
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Lijuan Zhang
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Yingying Zhou
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Shuiying Zhao
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
| | - Jiao Wang
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou, China
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Layús BI, Gómez MA, Cazorla SI, Rodriguez AV. A Postbiotic Formulation of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum CRL 759 Attenuates Endotoxin Induced Uveitis. Ocul Immunol Inflamm 2024:1-10. [PMID: 38335476 DOI: 10.1080/09273948.2024.2310173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2024] [Indexed: 02/12/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE To evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity of a cell-free supernatant from Lactiplantibacillus plantarum CRL 759, in phosphate buffer modified according to Sorensen called POF-759. METHODS The activity of POF-759 administered by means of eye drops was evaluated on animals subcutaneously injected with the lipopolysaccharide animals in which uveitis was induced by a subcutaneous injection of lipopolysaccharide (EIU). Clinical signs of ocular inflammation, cytokines and proteins were examined in the aqueous humor. Additionally, cellular infiltration was evaluated by histopathological analysis. RESULTS The new postbiotic administered locally decreases signs of ocular damage, the number of infiltrating cells in the anterior and posterior chambers, the proinflammatory mediators and the proteins in the aqueous humor on mice with EIU. CONCLUSIONS Our results provide an impetus to relieve ocular inflammation and to identify and develop preventive and therapeutic approaches, to avoid deterioration and to maintain healthy eyes on inflammatory processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bárbara Ivana Layús
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA-CONICET), San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - María Alejandra Gómez
- Servicio de Oftalomolgía, Hospital Ángel C. Padilla, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Silvia Inés Cazorla
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA-CONICET), San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
- Cátedra de Inmunología, Facultad de Bioquímica, Química y Farmacia, Universidad Nacional de Tucumán, San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
| | - Ana Virginia Rodriguez
- Centro de Referencia para Lactobacilos (CERELA-CONICET), San Miguel de Tucumán, Argentina
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Al Jadani JM, Albadr NA, Alshammari GM, Almasri SA, Alfayez FF, Yahya MA. Esculeogenin A, a Glycan from Tomato, Alleviates Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease in Rats through Hypolipidemic, Antioxidant, and Anti-Inflammatory Effects. Nutrients 2023; 15:4755. [PMID: 38004149 PMCID: PMC10675668 DOI: 10.3390/nu15224755] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2023] [Revised: 11/09/2023] [Accepted: 11/10/2023] [Indexed: 11/26/2023] Open
Abstract
This study examined the preventative effects of esculeogenin A (ESGA), a newly discovered glycan from tomato, on liver damage and hepatic steatosis in high-fat-diet (HFD)-fed male rats. The animals were divided into six groups (each of eight rats): a control group fed a normal diet, control + ESGA (200 mg/kg), HFD, and HFD + ESAG in 3 doses (50, 100, and 200 mg/kg). Feeding and treatments were conducted for 12 weeks. Treatment with ESGA did not affect gains in the body or fat weight nor increases in fasting glucose, insulin, and HOMA-IR or serum levels of free fatty acids (FFAs), tumor-necrosis factor-α, and interleukin-6 (IL-6). On the contrary, it significantly reduced the serum levels of gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), total triglycerides (TGs), cholesterol (CHOL), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-c) in the HFD-fed rats. In addition, it improved the liver structure, attenuating the increase in fat vacuoles; reduced levels of TGs and CHOL, and the mRNA levels of SREBP1 and acetyl CoA carboxylase (ACC); and upregulated the mRNA levels of proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) and carnitine palmitoyltransferase I (CPT I) in HFD-fed rats. These effects were concomitant with increases in the mRNA, cytoplasmic, and nuclear levels of nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2), glutathione (GSH), superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and heme oxygenase-1 (HO); a reduction in the nuclear activity of nuclear factor-kappa beta (NF-κB); and inhibition of the activity of nuclear factor kappa B kinase subunit beta (IKKβ). All of these effects were dose-dependent effects in which a normal liver structure and normal levels of all measured parameters were seen in HFD + ESGA (200 mg/kg)-treated rats. In conclusion, ESGA prevents NAFLD in HFD-fed rats by attenuating hyperlipidemia, hepatic steatosis, oxidative stress, and inflammation by acting locally on Nrf2, NF-κB, SREBP1, and PPARα transcription factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jwharah M. Al Jadani
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (J.M.A.J.); (G.M.A.); (S.A.A.); (M.A.Y.)
| | - Nawal A. Albadr
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (J.M.A.J.); (G.M.A.); (S.A.A.); (M.A.Y.)
| | - Ghedeir M. Alshammari
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (J.M.A.J.); (G.M.A.); (S.A.A.); (M.A.Y.)
| | - Soheir A. Almasri
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (J.M.A.J.); (G.M.A.); (S.A.A.); (M.A.Y.)
| | - Farah Fayez Alfayez
- Department of Medicine and Surgery, College of Medicine, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia;
| | - Mohammed Abdo Yahya
- Department of Food Science and Nutrition, College of Food and Agricultural Sciences, King Saud University, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia; (J.M.A.J.); (G.M.A.); (S.A.A.); (M.A.Y.)
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Alhirmizi IAO, Uysal F, Arslan SO, Özünlü SAÇ, Koç A, Parlar A, Bayram KK. Fenofibrate Attenuates Asthma Features in an Ovalbumin-induced Mouse Model Via Suppressing NF-κB Binding Activity. Respir Physiol Neurobiol 2023:104083. [PMID: 37295485 DOI: 10.1016/j.resp.2023.104083] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2023] [Revised: 05/07/2023] [Accepted: 05/20/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIM Asthma is a chronic inflammatory disease of the airways with a high prevalence. Asthma has a complex pathophysiology and about 5-10% of patients are not fully responsive to the currently available treatments. The aim of this study is to investigate the involvement of NF-κB in the effects of fenofibrate on a mouse model of allergic asthma. MATERIALS AND METHODS A total of 49 BALB/c mice were randomly distributed into 7 groups (n=7). Allergic asthma model was created by administering i.p. injections of ovalbumin on days 0, 14 and 21, followed by provocation with inhaled ovalbumin on days 28, 29 and 30. Fenofibrate was orally given in 3 different doses; 1, 10 and 30mg/kg through days 21 to 30 of the experiment. On day 31, pulmonary function test using whole body plethysmography was performed. The mice were sacrificed 24hours later. Blood samples were obtained, and serum of each sample was separated for IgE determination. Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and lung tissues were collected to measure IL-5 and IL-13 levels. Nuclear extracts of lung tissues were employed to assess nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) p65 binding activity. RESULTS Enhanced Pause (Penh) values were significantly increased in ovalbumin-sensitized and challenged mice (p<0.01). Administration of fenofibrate (10 and 30mg/kg) resulted in improved pulmonary function as shown by significantly lower Penh values (p<0.01). Interleukin (IL) -5 and IL-13 levels in BALF and lung tissues and immunoglobulin E (IgE) levels in serum were significantly elevated in the allergic mice. IL-5 levels in the lung tissues of mice treated with 1mg/kg fenofibrate (FEN1) group were significantly reduced (p<0.01). BALF and lung tissue IL-5 and IL-13 levels in mice treated with 10 and 30mg/kg fenofibrate, FEN10 and FEN30, respectively, were significantly diminished when compared to the ovalbumin-treated (OVA) group, whereas treatment with 1mg/kg fenofibrate resulted in insignificant changes. IgE levels in the serum of FEN30 group mice have shown a prominent reduction (p<0.01). NF-κB p65 binding activity was higher in mice sensitized and challenged with ovalbumin (p<0.01). NF-κB p65 binding activity was significantly reduced in allergic mice treated with 30mg/kg (p<0.01) fenofibrate. CONCLUSIONS In this study, we showed that administration of 10 and 30mg/kg fenofibrate effectively attenuated airway hyperresponsiveness and inflammation in a mouse model of allergic asthma, possibly through inhibition of NF-κB binding activity.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Fatma Uysal
- Medical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Seyfullah Oktay Arslan
- Medical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Türkiye.
| | - Saliha Ayşenur Çam Özünlü
- Medical Pharmacology, Ankara, Türkiye Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Ayşegül Koç
- Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Türkiye
| | - Ali Parlar
- Medical Pharmacology Department, Faculty of Medicine, University of Adıyaman, Adıyaman, Türkiye
| | - Keziban Korkmaz Bayram
- Medical Genetic Department, Faculty of Medicine, Ankara Yıldırım Beyazıt University, Ankara, Türkiye
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Dai Y, Lv Z, You M, Sun L, Li C. PPARα alleviates inflammation via inhibiting NF-κB/Rel pathway in Vibrio splendidus challenged Apostichopus japonicus. FISH & SHELLFISH IMMUNOLOGY 2023; 135:108701. [PMID: 36948368 DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2023.108701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2023] [Revised: 03/09/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
Organisms trigger pro-inflammatory responses to resist the invasion of foreign pathogens in the early infection stage. However, excessive or chronic inflammation can also cause several diseases. We previously validated IL-17 from sea cucumbers mediated inflammatory response by the IL-17R-TRAF6 axis. But the anti-inflammatory effect was largely unknown in the species. In this study, the conserved PPARα gene was obtained from Apostichopus japonicus by RNA-seq and RACE approaches. The expression of AjPPARα was found to be significantly induced at the late stage of infection not only in Vibrio splendidus-challenged sea cucumbers, but also in LPS-exposed coelomocytes, which was negative correlation to that of AjIL-17 and AjNLRP3. Both silencing AjPPARα by specific siRNA and treatment with AjPAPRα inhibitor MK-886 could significantly upregulate the transcriptional levels of pro-inflammatory factors the AjIL-17 and AjNLRP3. The infiltration of inflammatory cells and tissues damage were also detected in the body walls in the same condition. In contrast, AjPAPRα agonist of WY14643 treatment could alleviate the V. splendidus-induced tissue injury. To further explore the molecular mechanism of AjPPARα-mediated anti-inflammatory in A. japonicus, the expression of the transcriptional factors of AjStat5 and AjRel (subunit of NF-κB) were investigated under AjPPARα aberrant expression conditions and found that AjRel exhibited a negative regulatory relationship to AjPPARα. Furthermore, silencing AjRel was led to down-regulation of AjIL-17 and AjNLRP3. Taken together, our results supported that AjPPARα exerted anti-inflammatory effects through inhibiting AjRel in response to V. splendidus infection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yingfen Dai
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China
| | - Zhimeng Lv
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China
| | - Meixiang You
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China
| | - Lianlian Sun
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China.
| | - Chenghua Li
- Key Laboratory of Applied Marine Biotechnology, Ministry of Education, Ningbo University, Ningbo, 315211, PR China; Laboratory for Marine Fisheries Science and Food Production Processes, Qingdao National Laboratory for Marine Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266071, PR China.
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Hakeem AN, Kamal MM, Tawfiq RA, Abdelrahman BA, Hammam OA, Elmazar MM, El-Khatib AS, Attia YM. Elafibranor modulates ileal macrophage polarization to restore intestinal integrity in NASH: Potential crosstalk between ileal IL-10/STAT3 and hepatic TLR4/NF-κB axes. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 157:114050. [PMID: 36462310 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2022.114050] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2022] [Revised: 11/17/2022] [Accepted: 11/25/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Experimental and clinical evidence implicate disrupted gut barrier integrity in provoking innate immune responses, specifically macrophages, towards the progression of non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH). Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs), a subset of the nuclear receptor superfamily, act to fine-tune several metabolic and inflammatory processes implicated in NASH. As such, the current study was carried out to decipher the potential role of dual PPAR α/δ activation using elafibranor (ELA) on ileal macrophage polarization (MP) and its likely impact on the liver in a NASH setting. To achieve this aim, an in vitro NASH model using fat-laden HepG2 cells was first used to validate the impact of ELA on hepatic fat accumulation. Afterwards, ELA was used in a combined model of dietary NASH and chronic colitis analogous to the clinical presentation of NASH parallel with intestinal barrier dysfunction. ELA mitigated fat accumulation in vitro as evidenced by Oil Red-O staining and curbed triglyceride levels. Additionally, ELA restored the expression of tight junctional proteins, claudin-1 and occludin, along with decreasing intestinal permeability and inflammation skewing ileal macrophages towards the M2 phenotype, as indicated by boosted arginase-1 (Arg1) and curtailed inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression levels. These changes were aligned with a modulation in hepatic toll-like receptor-4 (TLR4)/nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) along with ileal interleukin-10 (IL-10)/signal transducer and activator of transcription-3 (STAT3) axes. Overall, the present findings suggest that the dual PPAR α/δ agonist, ELA, may drive MP in the ileum towards the M2 phenotype improving intestinal integrity towards alleviating NASH.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrew N Hakeem
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt; The Center for Drug Research and Development (CDRD), Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Kamal
- The Center for Drug Research and Development (CDRD), Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Ain Shams University, Cairo, Egypt; Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Rasha A Tawfiq
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt; The Center for Drug Research and Development (CDRD), Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Basma A Abdelrahman
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt; The Center for Drug Research and Development (CDRD), Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Olfat A Hammam
- Department of Pathology, Theodor Bilharz Research Institute, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mohamed M Elmazar
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt; The Center for Drug Research and Development (CDRD), Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Aiman S El-Khatib
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Yasmeen M Attia
- Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt; The Center for Drug Research and Development (CDRD), Faculty of Pharmacy, The British University in Egypt, Cairo, Egypt.
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Wang R, Ji CL, Feng DD, Wu YJ, Li Y, Olatunji OJ, Yu LJ, Zuo J. Consumption of Saturated Fatty Acids-Rich Lard Benefits Recovery of Experimental Arthritis by Activating PPAR-γ. Mol Nutr Food Res 2023; 67:e2200429. [PMID: 36433679 DOI: 10.1002/mnfr.202200429] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Revised: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
SCOPE This study investigates the impacts of lard and related fatty acids intake on rheumatoid arthritis (RA) animal models. METHOD AND RESULTS Collagen-induced arthritis (CIA) and adjuvant-induced arthritis (AIA) are induced in SD rats and C57 BL/6 mice respectively, which are fed by lard-rich diet (LRD) for 42 days with intake restriction or not. AIA SD rats are treated by representative fatty acids for 30 days. Body weight, arthritis score, and metabolic profile are periodically recorded. Monocyte distribution, cytokine/metabolites levels, gene expression, and tissue damages are investigated by flow cytometry, ELISA, colorimetry, PCR, and histological methods. After being treated by fatty acids in vitro, THP-1 monocytes and the corresponding medium are collected for ELISA, PCR, immunoblotting, and reporter gene assays. Irrespective of intake amounts, LRD decreases inflammatory cytokines and inhibits glycolysis in all rheumatic rodents. Furthermore, it alters monocyte distribution and promotes PPAR-γ expression in AIA mice. Overall evidences show that both saturated (SF) and unsaturated fatty acids (USF) from lard can attenuate inflammation by activating PPAR-γ. Silencing PPAR-γ abrogates their anti-inflammatory effects in vitro. Besides, SF can stimulate TLR4/NF-κB pathway. CONCLUSION Lard consumption is beneficial for active inflammatory arthritis recovery. Even SF can activate PPAR-γ and consequently attenuate inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rui Wang
- Xin'an Medicine Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital), Wuhu, 241000, China
| | - Cong-Lan Ji
- School of Pharmacy, Anhui College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Wuhu, Anhui, 241000, China
| | - Dan-Dan Feng
- Department of Rheumatology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital), Wuhu, 241000, China
| | - Yi-Jin Wu
- Research Center of Integration of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241000, China
| | - Yan Li
- Xin'an Medicine Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital), Wuhu, 241000, China
| | - Opeyemi Joshua Olatunji
- Traditional Thai Medical Research and Innovation Center, Faculty of Traditional Thai Medicine, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, 90110, Thailand
| | - Li-Jun Yu
- Research Center of Integration of Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241000, China
| | - Jian Zuo
- Xin'an Medicine Research Center, the First Affiliated Hospital of Wannan Medical College (Yijishan Hospital), Wuhu, 241000, China.,Key Laboratory of Non-coding RNA Transformation Research of Anhui Higher Education Institution, Wannan Medical College, Wuhu, 241000, China.,Anhui Provincial Engineering Laboratory for Screening and Re-evaluation of Active Compounds of Herbal Medicines in Southern Anhui, Wuhu, 241000, China
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N-Palmitoyl-D-Glucosamine Inhibits TLR-4/NLRP3 and Improves DNBS-Induced Colon Inflammation through a PPAR-α-Dependent Mechanism. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12081163. [PMID: 36009057 PMCID: PMC9405927 DOI: 10.3390/biom12081163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2022] [Revised: 08/19/2022] [Accepted: 08/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Similar to canine inflammatory enteropathy, inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a chronic idiopathic condition characterized by remission periods and recurrent flares in which diarrhea, visceral pain, rectal bleeding/bloody stools, and weight loss are the main clinical symptoms. Intestinal barrier function alterations often persist in the remission phase of the disease without ongoing inflammatory processes. However, current therapies include mainly anti-inflammatory compounds that fail to promote functional symptoms-free disease remission, urging new drug discoveries to handle patients during this step of the disease. ALIAmides (ALIA, autacoid local injury antagonism) are bioactive fatty acid amides that recently gained attention because of their involvement in the control of inflammatory response, prompting the use of these molecules as plausible therapeutic strategies in the treatment of several chronic inflammatory conditions. N-palmitoyl-D-glucosamine (PGA), an under-researched ALIAmide, resulted in being safe and effective in preclinical models of inflammation and pain, suggesting its potential engagement in the treatment of IBD. In our study, we demonstrated that micronized PGA significantly and dose-dependently reduces colitis severity, improves intestinal mucosa integrity by increasing the tight junction proteins expression, and downregulates the TLR-4/NLRP3/iNOS pathway via PPAR-α receptors signaling in DNBS-treated mice. The possibility of clinically exploiting micronized PGA as support for the treatment and prevention of inflammation-related changes in IBD patients would represent an innovative, effective, and safe strategy.
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Chen Y, Jiang Z, Keohane A, Hu Y. In vitro and in vivo study of the pathogenic role of PPARα in experimental periodontitis. J Appl Oral Sci 2022; 30:e20220076. [PMID: 35830121 PMCID: PMC9275397 DOI: 10.1590/1678-7757-2022-0076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2022] [Revised: 05/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/21/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE The purpose of this study is to investigate the pathogenic role of PPARα in periodontal antigen treated gingival cells in vitro and in experimental periodontitis in vivo . METHODOLOGY Gingival fibroblasts, gingival epithelial cells and splenocytes were isolated from C57BL/6J wild type (WT) mice and treated with fixed P. gingivalis at for 48 hours. The mRNA levels of PPARs, TNFα, IL-1β and IL-10 were detected by Real-time quantitative PCR. Silk ligatures after being soaked in the P.gingivalis suspension were tied around both maxillary second molars of WT mice or PPARα knock-out (KO) mice for two weeks. PPARα agonist fenofibrate and vehicle control were injected into the different side of the palatal gingiva on days 3, 6, and 9. At day 14, bone resorption and gingival mRNA expression levels of PPARs, TNFα, IL-1β and IL-10 were measured by micro-computed tomography and RT-qPCR respectively. RESULTS P. gingivalis treatment downregulated the expression of PPARα, but not PPARβ or PPARγ, and increased the expression of TNF-α and IL-1β in Gingival fibroblasts, gingival epithelial cells and splenocytes from WT mice. Gingival mRNA levels of PPARα were significantly decreased in experimental periodontitis in WT mice. The bone loss of PPARα KO mice in experimental periodontitis was significantly higher than WT mice and was not reduced by fenofibrate treatment. Gingival TNFα protein expressions were significantly increased by P. gingivalis associated ligation and decreased by fenofibrate treatment in WT mice but not in PPARα KO mice. CONCLUSION This study suggests that PPARα plays an essential role in periodontitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ying Chen
- The Forsyth Institute, Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cambridge, United States
| | - Zheqing Jiang
- The Forsyth Institute, Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cambridge, United States
| | - Ana Keohane
- Boston University Henry M. Goldman School of Dental Medicine, Department of General Dentistry, Boston, United States
| | - Yang Hu
- The Forsyth Institute, Department of Immunology and Infectious Diseases, Cambridge, United States
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Grabacka M, Pierzchalska M, Płonka PM, Pierzchalski P. The Role of PPAR Alpha in the Modulation of Innate Immunity. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:10545. [PMID: 34638886 PMCID: PMC8508635 DOI: 10.3390/ijms221910545] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2021] [Revised: 09/25/2021] [Accepted: 09/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α is a potent regulator of systemic and cellular metabolism and energy homeostasis, but it also suppresses various inflammatory reactions. In this review, we focus on its role in the regulation of innate immunity; in particular, we discuss the PPARα interplay with inflammatory transcription factor signaling, pattern-recognition receptor signaling, and the endocannabinoid system. We also present examples of the PPARα-specific immunomodulatory functions during parasitic, bacterial, and viral infections, as well as approach several issues associated with innate immunity processes, such as the production of reactive nitrogen and oxygen species, phagocytosis, and the effector functions of macrophages, innate lymphoid cells, and mast cells. The described phenomena encourage the application of endogenous and pharmacological PPARα agonists to alleviate the disorders of immunological background and the development of new solutions that engage PPARα activation or suppression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maja Grabacka
- Department of Biotechnology and General Technology of Foods, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture, ul. Balicka 122, 30-149 Cracow, Poland;
| | - Małgorzata Pierzchalska
- Department of Biotechnology and General Technology of Foods, Faculty of Food Technology, University of Agriculture, ul. Balicka 122, 30-149 Cracow, Poland;
| | - Przemysław M. Płonka
- Department of Biophysics, Faculty of Biochemistry, Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, ul. Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Cracow, Poland;
| | - Piotr Pierzchalski
- Department of Medical Physiology, Faculty of Health Sciences, Jagiellonian University Medical College, ul. Michałowskiego 12, 31-126 Cracow, Poland;
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11
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Altaie AM, Venkatachalam T, Samaranayake LP, Soliman SSM, Hamoudi R. Comparative Metabolomics Reveals the Microenvironment of Common T-Helper Cells and Differential Immune Cells Linked to Unique Periapical Lesions. Front Immunol 2021; 12:707267. [PMID: 34539639 PMCID: PMC8446658 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2021.707267] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/12/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Periapical abscesses, radicular cysts, and periapical granulomas are the most frequently identified pathological lesions in the alveolar bone. While little is known about the initiation and progression of these conditions, the metabolic environment and the related immunological behaviors were examined for the first time to model the development of each pathological condition. Metabolites were extracted from each lesion and profiled using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry in comparison with healthy pulp tissue. The metabolites were clustered and linked to their related immune cell fractions. Clusters I and J in the periapical abscess upregulated the expression of MMP-9, IL-8, CYP4F3, and VEGF, while clusters L and M were related to lipophagy and apoptosis in radicular cyst, and cluster P in periapical granuloma, which contains L-(+)-lactic acid and ethylene glycol, was related to granuloma formation. Oleic acid, 17-octadecynoic acid, 1-nonadecene, and L-(+)-lactic acid were significantly the highest unique metabolites in healthy pulp tissue, periapical abscess, radicular cyst, and periapical granuloma, respectively. The correlated enriched metabolic pathways were identified, and the related active genes were predicted. Glutamatergic synapse (16–20),-hydroxyeicosatetraenoic acids, lipophagy, and retinoid X receptor coupled with vitamin D receptor were the most significantly enriched pathways in healthy control, abscess, cyst, and granuloma, respectively. Compared with the healthy control, significant upregulation in the gene expression of CYP4F3, VEGF, IL-8, TLR2 (P < 0.0001), and MMP-9 (P < 0.001) was found in the abscesses. While IL-12A was significantly upregulated in cysts (P < 0.01), IL-17A represents the highest significantly upregulated gene in granulomas (P < 0.0001). From the predicted active genes, CIBERSORT suggested the presence of natural killer cells, dendritic cells, pro-inflammatory M1 macrophages, and anti-inflammatory M2 macrophages in different proportions. In addition, the single nucleotide polymorphisms related to IL-10, IL-12A, and IL-17D genes were shown to be associated with periapical lesions and other oral lesions. Collectively, the unique metabolism and related immune response shape up an environment that initiates and maintains the existence and progression of these oral lesions, suggesting an important role in diagnosis and effective targeted therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alaa Muayad Altaie
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Thenmozhi Venkatachalam
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Lakshman P Samaranayake
- Department of Oral and Craniofacial Health Sciences, College of Dental Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Oral Biosciences, Faculty of Dentistry, University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, Hong Kong, SAR China
| | - Sameh S M Soliman
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Medicinal Chemistry, College of Pharmacy, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates
| | - Rifat Hamoudi
- Research Institute for Medical and Health Sciences, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Department of Clinical Sciences, College of Medicine, University of Sharjah, Sharjah, United Arab Emirates.,Division of Surgery and Interventional Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom
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12
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Resveratrol and Quercetin as Regulators of Inflammatory and Purinergic Receptors to Attenuate Liver Damage Associated to Metabolic Syndrome. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22168939. [PMID: 34445644 PMCID: PMC8396326 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22168939] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2021] [Revised: 08/15/2021] [Accepted: 08/17/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is considered a manifestation of metabolic syndrome (MS) and is characterized by the accumulation of triglycerides and a varying degree of hepatic injury, inflammation, and repair. Moreover, peroxisome-proliferator-activated receptors (PPARs) play a critical role in the pathophysiological processes in the liver. There is extensive evidence of the beneficial effect of polyphenols such as resveratrol (RSV) and quercetin (QRC) on the treatment of liver pathology; however, the mechanisms underlying their beneficial effects have not been fully elucidated. In this work, we show that the mechanisms underlying the beneficial effects of RSV and QRC against inflammation in liver damage in our MS model are due to the activation of novel pathways which have not been previously described such as the downregulation of the expression of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), neutrophil elastase (NE) and purinergic receptor P2Y2. This downregulation leads to a decrease in apoptosis and hepatic fibrosis with no changes in hepatocyte proliferation. In addition, PPAR alpha and gamma expression were altered in MS but their expression was not affected by the treatment with the natural compounds. The improvement of liver damage by the administration of polyphenols was reflected in the normalization of serum transaminase activities.
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13
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Song JW, Nam HS, Ahn JW, Park HS, Kang DO, Kim HJ, Kim YH, Han J, Choi JY, Lee SY, Kim S, Oh WY, Yoo H, Park K, Kim JW. Macrophage targeted theranostic strategy for accurate detection and rapid stabilization of the inflamed high-risk plaque. Theranostics 2021; 11:8874-8893. [PMID: 34522216 PMCID: PMC8419038 DOI: 10.7150/thno.59759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Inflammation plays a pivotal role in the pathogenesis of the acute coronary syndrome. Detecting plaques with high inflammatory activity and specifically treating those lesions can be crucial to prevent life-threatening cardiovascular events. Methods: Here, we developed a macrophage mannose receptor (MMR)-targeted theranostic nanodrug (mannose-polyethylene glycol-glycol chitosan-deoxycholic acid-cyanine 7-lobeglitazone; MMR-Lobe-Cy) designed to identify inflammatory activity as well as to deliver peroxisome proliferator-activated gamma (PPARγ) agonist, lobeglitazone, specifically to high-risk plaques based on the high mannose receptor specificity. The MMR-Lobe-Cy was intravenously injected into balloon-injured atheromatous rabbits and serial in vivo optical coherence tomography (OCT)-near-infrared fluorescence (NIRF) structural-molecular imaging was performed. Results: One week after MMR-Lobe-Cy administration, the inflammatory NIRF signals in the plaques notably decreased compared to the baseline whereas the signals in saline controls even increased over time. In accordance with in vivo imaging findings, ex vivo NIRF signals on fluorescence reflectance imaging (FRI) and plaque inflammation by immunostainings significantly decreased compared to oral lobeglitazone group or saline controls. The anti-inflammatory effect of MMR-Lobe-Cy was mediated by inhibition of TLR4/NF-κB pathway. Furthermore, acute resolution of inflammation altered the inflamed plaque into a stable phenotype with less macrophages and collagen-rich matrix. Conclusion: Macrophage targeted PPARγ activator labeled with NIRF rapidly stabilized the inflamed plaques in coronary sized artery, which could be quantitatively assessed using intravascular OCT-NIRF imaging. This novel theranostic approach provides a promising theranostic strategy for high-risk coronary plaques.
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Affiliation(s)
- Joon Woo Song
- Multimodal Imaging and Theranostic Lab., Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyeong Soo Nam
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jae Won Ahn
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, South Korea
| | - Hyun-Sang Park
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Dong Oh Kang
- Multimodal Imaging and Theranostic Lab., Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Hyun Jung Kim
- Multimodal Imaging and Theranostic Lab., Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Yeon Hoon Kim
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jeongmoo Han
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Jah Yeon Choi
- Multimodal Imaging and Theranostic Lab., Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Seung-Yul Lee
- Multimodal Imaging and Theranostic Lab., Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Sunwon Kim
- Multimodal Imaging and Theranostic Lab., Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
| | - Wang-Yuhl Oh
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Hongki Yoo
- Department of Mechanical Engineering, Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Kyeongsoon Park
- Department of Systems Biotechnology, Chung-Ang University, Anseong, South Korea
| | - Jin Won Kim
- Multimodal Imaging and Theranostic Lab., Cardiovascular Center, Korea University Guro Hospital, Seoul, South Korea
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14
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Nurmi K, Niemi K, Kareinen I, Silventoinen K, Lorey MB, Chen Y, Kouri VP, Parantainen J, Juutilainen T, Öörni K, Kovanen PT, Nordström D, Matikainen S, Eklund KK. Native and oxidised lipoproteins negatively regulate the serum amyloid A-induced NLRP3 inflammasome activation in human macrophages. Clin Transl Immunology 2021; 10:e1323. [PMID: 34377468 PMCID: PMC8329955 DOI: 10.1002/cti2.1323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2020] [Revised: 06/19/2021] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Objectives The NLRP3 inflammasome plays a key role in arterial wall inflammation. In this study, we elucidated the role of serum lipoproteins in the regulation of NLRP3 inflammasome activation by serum amyloid A (SAA) and other inflammasome activators. Methods The effect of lipoproteins on the NLRP3 inflammasome activation was studied in primary human macrophages and THP‐1 macrophages. The effect of oxidised low‐density lipoprotein (LDL) was examined in an in vivo mouse model of SAA‐induced peritoneal inflammation. Results Native and oxidised high‐density lipoproteins (HDL3) and LDLs inhibited the interaction of SAA with TLR4. HDL3 and LDL inhibited the secretion of interleukin (IL)‐1β and tumor necrosis factor by reducing their transcription. Oxidised forms of these lipoproteins reduced the secretion of mature IL‐1β also by inhibiting the activation of NLRP3 inflammasome induced by SAA, ATP, nigericin and monosodium urate crystals. Specifically, oxidised LDL was found to inhibit the inflammasome complex formation. No cellular uptake of lipoproteins was required, nor intact lipoprotein particles for the inhibitory effect, as the lipid fraction of oxidised LDL was sufficient. The inhibition of NLRP3 inflammasome activation by oxidised LDL was partially dependent on autophagy. Finally, oxidised LDL inhibited the SAA‐induced peritoneal inflammation and IL‐1β secretion in vivo. Conclusions These findings reveal that both HDL3 and LDL inhibit the proinflammatory activity of SAA and this inhibition is further enhanced by lipoprotein oxidation. Thus, lipoproteins possess major anti‐inflammatory functions that hinder the NLRP3 inflammasome‐activating signals, particularly those exerted by SAA, which has important implications in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Katariina Nurmi
- Helsinki Rheumatic Diseases and Inflammation Research Group Translational Immunology Research Program University of Helsinki Helsinki University Clinicum Helsinki Finland
| | | | | | - Kristiina Silventoinen
- Helsinki Rheumatic Diseases and Inflammation Research Group Translational Immunology Research Program University of Helsinki Helsinki University Clinicum Helsinki Finland
| | - Martina B Lorey
- Helsinki Rheumatic Diseases and Inflammation Research Group Translational Immunology Research Program University of Helsinki Helsinki University Clinicum Helsinki Finland.,Wihuri Research Institute Helsinki Finland
| | - Yan Chen
- Helsinki Rheumatic Diseases and Inflammation Research Group Translational Immunology Research Program University of Helsinki Helsinki University Clinicum Helsinki Finland
| | - Vesa-Petteri Kouri
- Helsinki Rheumatic Diseases and Inflammation Research Group Translational Immunology Research Program University of Helsinki Helsinki University Clinicum Helsinki Finland
| | - Jukka Parantainen
- Helsinki Rheumatic Diseases and Inflammation Research Group Translational Immunology Research Program University of Helsinki Helsinki University Clinicum Helsinki Finland
| | - Timo Juutilainen
- Division of Orthopedics Department of Surgery Helsinki University Central Hospital Vantaa Finland
| | | | | | - Dan Nordström
- Helsinki Rheumatic Diseases and Inflammation Research Group Translational Immunology Research Program University of Helsinki Helsinki University Clinicum Helsinki Finland.,Internal Medicine and Rehabilitation University of Helsinki and Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki Finland
| | - Sampsa Matikainen
- Helsinki Rheumatic Diseases and Inflammation Research Group Translational Immunology Research Program University of Helsinki Helsinki University Clinicum Helsinki Finland
| | - Kari K Eklund
- Helsinki Rheumatic Diseases and Inflammation Research Group Translational Immunology Research Program University of Helsinki Helsinki University Clinicum Helsinki Finland.,Division of Rheumatology Department of Medicine Helsinki University Hospital Helsinki Finland.,Orton Orthopaedic Hospital Helsinki Finland
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15
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Krueger K, Boehme E, Klettner AK, Zille M. The potential of marine resources for retinal diseases: a systematic review of the molecular mechanisms. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2021; 62:7518-7560. [PMID: 33970706 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2021.1915242] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
We rely on vision more than on any other sense to obtain information about our environment. Hence, the loss or even impairment of vision profoundly affects our quality of life. Diet or food components have already demonstrated beneficial effects on the development of retinal diseases. Recently, there has been a growing interest in resources from marine animals and plants for the prevention of retinal diseases through nutrition. Especially fish intake and omega-3 fatty acids have already led to promising results, including associations with a reduced incidence of retinal diseases. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are insufficiently explained. The aim of this review was to summarize the known mechanistic effects of marine resources on the pathophysiological processes in retinal diseases. We performed a systematic literature review following the PRISMA guidelines and identified 107 studies investigating marine resources in the context of retinal diseases. Of these, 46 studies described the underlying mechanisms including anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, antiangiogenic/vasoprotective, cytoprotective, metabolic, and retinal function effects, which we critically summarize. We further discuss perspectives on the use of marine resources for human nutrition to prevent retinal diseases with a particular focus on regulatory aspects, health claims, safety, and bioavailability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kristin Krueger
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Fraunhofer Research and Development Center for Marine and Cellular Biotechnology EMB, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Elke Boehme
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Fraunhofer Research and Development Center for Marine and Cellular Biotechnology EMB, Lübeck, Germany
| | - Alexa Karina Klettner
- Department of Ophthalmology, University Medical Center, University of Kiel, Quincke Research Center, Kiel, Germany
| | - Marietta Zille
- Department of Marine Biotechnology, Fraunhofer Research and Development Center for Marine and Cellular Biotechnology EMB, Lübeck, Germany.,Institute for Experimental and Clinical Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
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16
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López-Salazar V, Tapia MS, Tobón-Cornejo S, Díaz D, Alemán-Escondrillas G, Granados-Portillo O, Noriega L, Tovar AR, Torres N. Consumption of soybean or olive oil at recommended concentrations increased the intestinal microbiota diversity and insulin sensitivity and prevented fatty liver compared to the effects of coconut oil. J Nutr Biochem 2021; 94:108751. [PMID: 33915261 DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2021.108751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2020] [Revised: 01/20/2021] [Accepted: 03/30/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Diets rich in mono or polyunsaturated fats have been associated with a healthy phenotype, but there is controversial evidence about coconut oil (CO), which is rich in saturated medium-chain fatty acids. Therefore, the purpose of the present work was to study whether different types of oils rich in polyunsaturated (soybean oil, SO), monounsaturated (olive oil, OO), or saturated fatty acids (coconut oil, CO) can regulate the gut microbiota, insulin sensitivity, inflammation, mitochondrial function in wild type and PPARα KO mice. The group that received SO showed the highest microbial diversity, increase in Akkermansia muciniphila, high insulin sensitivity and low grade inflammation, The OO group showed similar insulin sensitivity and insulin signaling than SO, increase in Bifidobacterium, increase in fatty acid oxidation and low grade inflammation. The CO consumption led to the lowest bacterial diversity, a 9-fold increase in the LPS concentration leading to metabolic endotoxemia, hepatic steatosis, increased lipogenesis, highest LDL-cholesterol concentration and the lowest respiratory capacity and fatty acid oxidation in the mitochondria. The absence of PPARα decreased alpha diversity and increased LPS concentration particularly in the CO group, and increased insulin sensitivity in the groups fed SO or OO. These results indicate that consuming mono or polyunsaturated fatty acids produced health benefits at the recommended intake but a high concentration of oils (three times the recommended oil intake in rodents) significantly decreased the microbial alpha-diversity independent of the type of oil.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria López-Salazar
- Institute for Diabetes and Cancer IDC Helmholtz Center, Munich, Germany; Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, CP 14080, México.
| | - Mónica Sánchez Tapia
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, CP 14080, México.
| | - Sandra Tobón-Cornejo
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, CP 14080, México.
| | - Daniel Díaz
- Centro de Ciencias de la Complejidad, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México, Mexico.
| | - Gabriela Alemán-Escondrillas
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, CP 14080, México.
| | - Omar Granados-Portillo
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, CP 14080, México.
| | - Lilia Noriega
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, CP 14080, México.
| | - Armando R Tovar
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, CP 14080, México.
| | - Nimbe Torres
- Departamento de Fisiología de la Nutrición, Instituto Nacional de Ciencias Médicas y Nutrición Salvador Zubirán, Ciudad de México, CP 14080, México.
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17
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Retinal capillary degeneration and blood-retinal barrier disruption in murine models of Alzheimer's disease. Acta Neuropathol Commun 2020; 8:202. [PMID: 33228786 PMCID: PMC7686701 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-020-01076-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2020] [Accepted: 11/11/2020] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
Extensive effort has been made studying retinal pathology in Alzheimer’s disease (AD) to improve early noninvasive diagnosis and treatment. Particularly relevant are vascular changes, which appear prominent in early brain pathogenesis and could predict cognitive decline. Recently, we identified platelet-derived growth factor receptor beta (PDGFRβ) deficiency and pericyte loss associated with vascular Aβ deposition in the neurosensory retina of mild cognitively impaired (MCI) and AD patients. However, the pathological mechanisms of retinal vascular changes and their possible relationships with vascular amyloidosis, pericyte loss, and blood-retinal barrier (BRB) integrity remain unknown. Here, we evaluated the retinas of transgenic APPSWE/PS1ΔE9 mouse models of AD (ADtg mice) and wild-type mice at different ages for capillary degeneration, PDGFRβ expression, vascular amyloidosis, permeability and inner BRB tight-junction molecules. Using a retinal vascular isolation technique followed by periodic acid-Schiff or immunofluorescent staining, we discovered significant retinal capillary degeneration in ADtg mice compared to age- and sex-matched wild-type mice (P < 0.0001). This small vessel degeneration reached significance in 8-month-old mice (P = 0.0035), with males more susceptible than females. Degeneration of retinal capillaries also progressively increased with age in healthy mice (P = 0.0145); however, the phenomenon was significantly worse during AD-like progression (P = 0.0001). A substantial vascular PDGFRβ deficiency (~ 50% reduction, P = 0.0017) along with prominent vascular Aβ deposition was further detected in the retina of ADtg mice, which inversely correlated with the extent of degenerated capillaries (Pearson’s r = − 0.8, P = 0.0016). Importantly, tight-junction alterations such as claudin-1 downregulation and increased BRB permeability, demonstrated in vivo by retinal fluorescein imaging and ex vivo following injection of FITC-dextran (2000 kD) and Texas Red-dextran (3 kD), were found in ADtg mice. Overall, the identification of age- and Alzheimer’s-dependent retinal capillary degeneration and compromised BRB integrity starting at early disease stages in ADtg mice could contribute to the development of novel targets for AD diagnosis and therapy.
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18
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Roles of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α in the pathogenesis of ethanol-induced liver disease. Chem Biol Interact 2020; 327:109176. [PMID: 32534989 DOI: 10.1016/j.cbi.2020.109176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2020] [Revised: 06/02/2020] [Accepted: 06/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Alcoholic liver disease (ALD) is a progressively aggravated liver disease with high incidence in alcoholics. Ethanol-induced fat accumulation and the subsequent lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-driven inflammation bring liver from reversible steatosis, to irreversible hepatitis, fibrosis, cirrhosis, and even hepatocellular carcinoma. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) is a member of the nuclear receptor superfamily of ligand-activated transcription factors and plays pivotal roles in the regulation of fatty acid homeostasis as well as the inflammation control in the liver. It has been well documented that PPARα activity and/or expression are downregulated in liver of mice exposed to ethanol, which is thought to be one of the prime contributors to ethanol-induced steatosis, hepatitis and fibrosis. This article summarizes the current evidences from in vitro and animal models for the critical roles of PPARα in the onset and progression of ALD. Importantly, it should be noted that the expression of PPARα in human liver is reported to be similar to that in mice, and PPARα expression is downregulated in the liver of patients with nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), a disease sharing many similarities with ALD. Therefore, clinical trials investigating the expression of PPARα in the liver of ALD patients and the efficacy of strong PPARα agonists for the prevention and treatment of ALD are warranted.
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19
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Mascarenhas DD. Transcriptional re-programming in rat central nervous system two weeks after burn trauma: the impact of nephrilin treatment on the expression of oxidative stress-related genes. Scars Burn Heal 2020; 6:2059513120939443. [PMID: 32850134 PMCID: PMC7425318 DOI: 10.1177/2059513120939443] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/03/2022] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Survivors of severe burns suffer lifetime neuroinflammatory consequences manifested by higher incidence of major depression and neurodegenerative disease. In a scald model, nephrilin peptide has previously been shown to protect rats from loss of lean body mass, kidney function and glycaemic control, complications that have also been shown to endure in burn patient populations. Nephrilin's mechanism of action has been suggested to involve protection from excessive oxidative stress. METHODS Using quantitative reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) amplification of transcripts in total RNA extracted from dorsal root ganglia of male rats 14 days after exposure to thermal insult, we query the relative levels of expression of 34 genes believed to be associated with oxidative stress biology in the central nervous system (CNS). We use these data to explore the central role of oxidative stress in astrogliosis, immunosuppression and mitochondrial homeostasis. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Rats that received nephrilin treatment (4 mg/kg by subcutaneous bolus injection once daily for seven days after scald injury) showed significantly reduced elevations in gene expression of some key genes such as NOX2, GFAP, AQP4 and RAC1, but not of others such as NOX4, STEAP4, ARG1 and CCL2. CONCLUSION The implications of these data with reference to nephrilin's potential clinical utility for mitigating the enduring effects of burn trauma on the CNS are discussed. Nephrilin reduces the expression of some genes implicated in neurodegeneration after burn insult. LAY SUMMARY Nephrilin peptide is a novel treatment for short- and long-term systemic effects of burn trauma. This study measures the capability of nephrilin to address post-traumatic neurodegenerative disease by looking at the expression of genes in the central nervous system, in a rat scald model. Nephrilin appears to have beneficial effects by reducing the expression of some key genes known to be relevant in neurodegenerative processes, but not others.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desmond D Mascarenhas
- Mayflower Organization for Research & Education, Sunnyvale, CA, USA
- Transporin, Inc., Sunnyvale, CA, USA
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20
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Hassan NF, Nada SA, Hassan A, El-Ansary MR, Al-Shorbagy MY, Abdelsalam RM. Saroglitazar Deactivates the Hepatic LPS/TLR4 Signaling Pathway and Ameliorates Adipocyte Dysfunction in Rats with High-Fat Emulsion/LPS Model-Induced Non-alcoholic Steatohepatitis. Inflammation 2019; 42:1056-1070. [PMID: 30737662 DOI: 10.1007/s10753-019-00967-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
The most epidemic liver disorder non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is characterized by hepatic steatosis and inflammation with hepatocellular damage. Recently, it is predictable to be the extensive cause for liver transplantation. The absence of an approved therapeutic agent for NASH is the reason for investigating saroglitazar (SAR) which showed promising effects as a dual PPAR-α/γ agonist in recent studies on NASH. Here, we aimed to investigate the effect of SAR on NASH induced in rats by the administration of high-fat emulsion (HFE) and small doses of lipopolysaccharides (LPS) for 5 weeks. Rats were divided into three groups: negative control group (saline and standard rodent chow), model group (HFE(10 ml/kg/day, oral gavage) + LPS(0.5 mg/kg/week, i.p)), and SAR-treated group (HFE(10 ml/kg/day, oral gavage) + LPS(0.5 mg/kg/week, i.p.) + SAR(4 mg/kg/day, oral gavage) starting at week 3.Treatment with SAR successfully ameliorated the damaging effects of HFE with LPS, by counteracting body weight gain and biochemically by normalization of liver function parameters activity, glucose, insulin, homeostasis model of assessment (HOMA-IR) score, lipid profile levels, and histopathological examination. Significant changes in adipokine levels were perceived, resulting in a significant decline in serum leptin and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) level concurrent with adiponectin normalization. The positive effects observed for SAR on NASH are due to the downregulation of the LPS/TLR4 pathway, as indicated by the suppression of hepatic Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), NF-κB, TNF-α, and transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) expression. In conclusion, this work verified that SAR ameliorates NASH through deactivation of the hepatic LPS/TLR4 pathway and inhibition of adipocyte dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Noha F Hassan
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information, Cairo, Egypt
| | - Somaia A Nada
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, National Research Centre, Giza, Egypt
| | - Azza Hassan
- Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Cairo University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Mona R El-Ansary
- Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, Modern University for Technology and Information, Al-Mokattam, Cairo, Egypt.
| | - Muhammad Y Al-Shorbagy
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt.,School of Pharmacy, Newgiza University, Giza, Egypt
| | - Rania M Abdelsalam
- Department of Pharmacology and Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, Cairo University, Cairo, Egypt
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Cigarette smoke preparations, not moist snuff, impair expression of genes involved in immune signaling and cytolytic functions. Sci Rep 2019; 9:13390. [PMID: 31527707 PMCID: PMC6746724 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-48822-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2019] [Accepted: 07/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Cigarette smoke-induced chronic inflammation is associated with compromised immune responses. To understand how tobacco products impact immune responses, we assessed transcriptomic profiles in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) pretreated with Whole Smoke-Conditioned Medium (WS-CM) or Smokeless Tobacco Extracts (STE), and stimulated with lipopolysaccharide, phorbol myristate and ionomycin (agonists). Gene expression profiles from PBMCs treated with low equi-nicotine units (0.3 μg/mL) of WS-CM and one high dose of STE (100 μg/mL) were similar to those from untreated controls. Cells treated with medium and high doses of WS-CM (1.0 and 3.0 μg/mL) exhibited significantly different gene expression profiles compared to the low WS-CM dose and STE. Pre-treatment with higher doses of WS-CM inhibited the expression of several pro-inflammatory genes (IFNγ, TNFα, and IL-2), while CSF1-R and IL17RA were upregulated. Pre-treatment with high doses of WS-CM abolished agonist-stimulated secretion of IFNγ, TNF and IL-2 proteins. Pathway analyses revealed that higher doses of WS-CM inhibited NF-ĸB signaling, immune cell differentiation and inflammatory responses, and increased apoptotic pathways. Our results show that pre-treatment of PBMCs with higher doses of WS-CM inhibits immune activation and effector cytokine expression and secretion, resulting in a reduced immune response, whereas STE exerted minimal effects.
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22
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Yousefi M, Mamipour M, Sokullu SE, Ghaderi S, Amini H, Rahbarghazi R. Toll-like receptors in the functional orientation of cardiac progenitor cells. J Cell Physiol 2019; 234:19451-19463. [PMID: 31025370 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.28738] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2019] [Revised: 04/04/2019] [Accepted: 04/11/2019] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
Cardiac progenitor cells (CPCs) have the potential to differentiate into several cell lineages with the ability to restore in cardiac tissue. Multipotency and self-renewal activity are the crucial characteristics of CPCs. Also, CPCs have promising therapeutic roles in cardiac diseases such as valvular disease, thrombosis, atherosclerosis, congestive heart failure, and cardiac remodeling. Toll-like receptors (TLRs), as the main part of the innate immunity, have a key role in the development and differentiation of immune cells. Some reports are found regarding the effect of TLRs in the maturation of stem cells. This article tried to find the potential role of TLRs in the dynamics of CPCs. By showing possible crosstalk between the TLR signaling pathways and CPCs dynamics, we could achieve a better conception related to TLRs in the regeneration of cardiac tissue.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohammadreza Yousefi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Research Center for Translational Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Mina Mamipour
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Research Center for Translational Medicine, Koç University, Istanbul, Turkey
| | - Sadiye E Sokullu
- Engineering Sciences, Bioengineering Department, Faculty of Engineering and Architecture, Izmir Katip Celebi University, Izmir, Turkey
| | - Shahrooz Ghaderi
- Department of System Physiology, Ruhr University, Bochum, Germany
| | - Hassan Amini
- Stem Cell Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of General and Vascular Surgery, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
| | - Reza Rahbarghazi
- Tuberculosis and Lung Disease Research Center, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran.,Department of Applied Cell Sciences, Faculty of Advanced Medical Sciences, Tabriz University of Medical Sciences, Tabriz, Iran
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23
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Involvement of TLR4 and PPAR-α Receptors in Host Response and NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation, Against Pulmonary Infection With Pseudomonas Aeruginosa. Shock 2019; 51:221-227. [DOI: 10.1097/shk.0000000000001137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
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24
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Mahmoudvand S, Shokri S, Taherkhani R, Farshadpour F. Hepatitis C virus core protein modulates several signaling pathways involved in hepatocellular carcinoma. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:42-58. [PMID: 30643357 PMCID: PMC6328967 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i1.42] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/18/2018] [Revised: 12/07/2018] [Accepted: 12/13/2018] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the fifth most common cancer, and hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection plays a major role in HCC development. The molecular mechanisms by which HCV infection leads to HCC are varied. HCV core protein is an important risk factor in HCV-associated liver pathogenesis and can modulate several signaling pathways involved in cell cycle regulation, cell growth promotion, cell proliferation, apoptosis, oxidative stress and lipid metabolism. The dysregulation of signaling pathways such as transforming growth factor β (TGF-β), vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), Wnt/β-catenin (WNT), cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) and peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) by HCV core protein is implicated in the development of HCC. Therefore, it has been suggested that this protein be considered a favorable target for further studies in the development of HCC. In addition, considering the axial role of these signaling pathways in HCC, they are considered druggable targets for cancer therapy. Therefore, using strategies to limit the dysregulation effects of core protein on these signaling pathways seems necessary to prevent HCV-related HCC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shahab Mahmoudvand
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz 6135715794, Iran
- Department of Medical Virology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan 6517838736, Iran
| | - Somayeh Shokri
- Department of Virology, School of Medicine, Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences, Ahvaz 6135715794, Iran
- Department of Medical Virology, School of Medicine, Hamadan University of Medical Sciences, Hamadan 6517838736, Iran
| | - Reza Taherkhani
- The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr 7514633341, Iran
| | - Fatemeh Farshadpour
- The Persian Gulf Tropical Medicine Research Center, Bushehr University of Medical Sciences, Bushehr 7514633341, Iran
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25
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Nakano Y, Uchiyama M, Arima T, Nagasaka S, Igarashi T, Shimizu A, Takahashi H. PPARα Agonist Suppresses Inflammation after Corneal Alkali Burn by Suppressing Proinflammatory Cytokines, MCP-1, and Nuclear Translocation of NF-κB. Molecules 2018; 24:molecules24010114. [PMID: 30597991 PMCID: PMC6337747 DOI: 10.3390/molecules24010114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2018] [Revised: 12/24/2018] [Accepted: 12/24/2018] [Indexed: 11/26/2022] Open
Abstract
We investigated the effect of a peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα) agonist after corneal alkali injury. Fenofibrate 0.05% (PPARα agonist group) or vehicle (Vehicle group) was topically instilled onto the rat cornea after injury. Histological, immunohistochemical, and real-time reverse transcription PCR analyses were performed. PPARα-positive cells were observed among basal cells of the corneal epithelium in normal and alkali-burned corneas. The number of infiltrating neutrophils and macrophages at the corneal limbus was lower in the PPARα agonist group. Interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, IL-8, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1), and vascular endothelial growth factor-An mRNA expression was suppressed in the PPARα agonist group compared to the Vehicle group. mRNA levels of nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) in corneal tissue were not different. However, NF-κB was expressed in the cytoplasm of basal cells in the PPARα agonist group and in the nucleus in the Vehicle group. MCP-1 was more weakly expressed in the PPARα agonist group. The PPARα agonist inhibited inflammation during the early phase after injury. Anti-inflammatory effects of the PPARα agonist included prevention of up-regulation of proinflammatory cytokines and MCP-1, and prevention of inflammatory cell infiltration into the injured cornea. Thus, a PPARα agonist may be a promising treatment for corneal injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuichiro Nakano
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan.
- Department of Analytic Human Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan.
| | - Masaaki Uchiyama
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan.
- Department of Analytic Human Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan.
| | - Takeshi Arima
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan.
- Department of Analytic Human Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan.
| | - Shinya Nagasaka
- Department of Analytic Human Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan.
| | - Tsutomu Igarashi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan.
| | - Akira Shimizu
- Department of Analytic Human Pathology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8602, Japan.
| | - Hiroshi Takahashi
- Department of Ophthalmology, Nippon Medical School, Tokyo 113-8603, Japan.
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26
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Muxel SM, Acuña SM, Aoki JI, Zampieri RA, Floeter-Winter LM. Toll-Like Receptor and miRNA-let-7e Expression Alter the Inflammatory Response in Leishmania amazonensis-Infected Macrophages. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2792. [PMID: 30555476 PMCID: PMC6283264 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2018] [Accepted: 11/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Parasite recognition by Toll-like receptors (TLRs) contributes to macrophage activation and subsequent control of Leishmania infection through the coordinated production of pro-inflammatory and microbicidal effector molecules. The modulation of microRNA (miRNA) expression by Leishmania infection potentially mediates the post-transcriptional regulation of the expression of genes involved in leishmanicidal activity. Here, the contribution of TLR signaling to the miRNA profile and gene expression was evaluated in Leishmania amazonensis-infected murine macrophages. The infectivity of L. amazonensis was higher in murine bone marrow-derived macrophages from mice knockout for myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88−/−), TLR2 (TLR2−/−), or TLR4 (TLR4−/−) than wild type C57BL/6 (WT). L. amazonensis infection of WT macrophages modulated the expression of 32% of the miRNAs analyzed, while 50% were upregulated. The absence of MyD88, TLR2, and TLR4 altered the percentage of miRNAs modulated during L. amazonensis infection, including the downregulation of let-7e expression. Moreover, the absence of signals mediated by MyD88, TLR2, or TLR4 reduced nitric oxide synthase 2 (Nos2) mRNA expression during infection. Indeed, the inhibition of let-7e increased levels of the Nos2 mRNA and NOS2 (or iNOS) protein and nitric oxide (NO) production in L. amazonensis-infected macrophages (4–24 h). The absence of TLR2 and inhibition of let-7e increased the expression of the arginase 1 (Arg1) mRNA but did not alter the protein level during infection. However, higher levels of the L-arginine transporters Cat2B and Cat1 were detected in the absence of Myd88 signaling during infection but were not altered following let-7e inhibition. The inhibition of let-7e impacted the global expression of genes in the TLR pathway by upregulating the expression of recognition and adaptors molecules, such as Tlr6, Tlr9, Ly96, Tirap, Traf 6, Ticam1, Tollip, Casp8, Map3k1, Mapk8, Nfkbib, Nfkbil1, Ppara, Mapk8ip3, Hspd1, and Ube2n, as well as immunomodulators, such as Ptgs2/Cox2, Csf 2, Csf 3, Ifnb1, Il6ra, and Ilr1, impacting NOS2 expression, NO production and parasite infectiveness. In conclusion, L. amazonensis infection alters the TLR signaling pathways by modulating the expression of miRNAs in macrophages to subvert the host immune responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sandra Marcia Muxel
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Stephanie Maia Acuña
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Juliana Ide Aoki
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
| | - Ricardo Andrade Zampieri
- Departamento de Fisiologia, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
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27
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Wang HY, Wang Y, Zhang Y, Wang J, Xiong SY, Sun Q. Crosslink between lipids and acute uveitis: a lipidomic analysis. Int J Ophthalmol 2018; 11:736-746. [PMID: 29862170 DOI: 10.18240/ijo.2018.05.05] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
AIM To explore the roles of phospholipids and sphingolipids in the inflammatory process of uveitis. METHODS Aqueous humor (AH) and the retina were obtained from endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU) rats during the acute inflammation stage (24h after endotoxin injection). Lipids were extracted using a modified Bligh and Dyer method and subjected to mass spectrometric identification using class-specific lipid standards and ratiometric quantification. Relative intensity analysis was performed to evaluate the amount change of common lipids between the EIU and control groups. RESULTS Unique lipid species encompassing all five phospholipid classes were found in both control and the EIU AH and retina. Commensurate with the significantly increased level of lysophospholipids in the EIU AH and retina, we found that the ratio of lysophospholipids to total phospholipids was significantly increased too. We also detected a significant increase in 18:0 lysophosphatidylcholine levels in the EIU group (fold change =6.4 in AH and 3.8 in retina). Cer240, Cer241, and SM240 levels remarkably increased in the EIU AH. Enhanced C12 ceramide-1-phosphate (C12 C-1-P), C16 C-1-P, C24 C-1-P, and upregulated Cer160, Cer240, SM120, and SM240 were found in EIU retina. C-1-P was believed to restore homeostasis by inhibiting nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) activation. However, we still found elevated NF-κB levels in the EIU retina. CONCLUSION A variety of lipids might have played a critical role in EIU inflammation. Exogenous topical application of these protective lipids or inhibition of these pro-inflammatory lipids may be useful therapeutic strategies for the resolution of EIU.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hai-Yan Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai First People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200080, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Disease, Shanghai 200080, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Yi Wang
- Department of Chemistry, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China.,Department of Institutes of Biomedical Sciences, Fudan University, Shanghai 200030, China
| | - Yuan Zhang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai First People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200080, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Disease, Shanghai 200080, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai First People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200080, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Disease, Shanghai 200080, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Shu-Yu Xiong
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai First People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200080, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Disease, Shanghai 200080, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai 200080, China
| | - Qian Sun
- Department of Ophthalmology, Shanghai First People's Hospital Affiliated to Jiaotong University, Shanghai 200080, China.,Shanghai Key Laboratory of Ocular Fundus Disease, Shanghai 200080, China.,Shanghai Engineering Center for Visual Science and Photomedicine, Shanghai 200080, China
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28
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Lin FL, Ho JD, Cheng YW, Chiou GCY, Yen JL, Chang HM, Lee TH, Hsiao G. Theissenolactone C Exhibited Ocular Protection of Endotoxin-Induced Uveitis by Attenuating Ocular Inflammatory Responses and Glial Activation. Front Pharmacol 2018; 9:326. [PMID: 29686615 PMCID: PMC5900795 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2018.00326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/07/2017] [Accepted: 03/21/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of a natural component, theissenolactone C (LC53), on the ocular inflammation of experimental endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU) and its related mechanisms in microglia. Evaluation of the severity of anterior uveitis indicated that LC53 treatment significantly decreased iridal hyperemia and restored the clinical scores. Additionally, the deficient retina functions of electroretinography were improved by LC53. LC53 significantly reduced levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, monocyte chemoattractant protein-1, protein leakage and activation of matrix metalloproteinases in the anterior section during EIU. Moreover, LC53 treatment decreased the oxidative stress as well as neuroinflammatory reactivities of GFAP and Iba-1 in the posterior section. Furthermore, LC53 decreased the phosphorylation of p65, expression of HSP90, Bax, and cleaved-caspase-3 in EIU. According to the microglia studies, LC53 significantly abrogated the productions of TNF-α, PGE2, NO and ROS, as well as inducible NO synthase and cyclooxygenase-2 expression in LPS-stimulated microglial BV2 cells. The microglial activation of IKKβ, p65 phosphorylation and nuclear phosphorylated p65 translocation were strongly attenuated by LC53. On the other hand, LC53 exhibited the inhibitory effects on JNK and ERK MAPKs activation. Our findings indicated that LC53 exerted the ocular-protective effect through its inhibition on neuroinflammation, glial activation, and apoptosis in EIU, suggesting a therapeutic potential with down-regulation of the NF-κB signaling for uveitis and retinal inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fan-Li Lin
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Jau-Der Ho
- Department of Ophthalmology, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yu-Wen Cheng
- School of Pharmacy, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - George C Y Chiou
- Department of Neuroscience and Experimental Therapeutics and Institute of Ocular Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Texas A&M Health Science Center, College Station, TX, United States
| | - Jing-Lun Yen
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Ming Chang
- Department of Anatomy, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Tzong-Huei Lee
- Institute of Fisheries Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - George Hsiao
- Graduate Institute of Medical Sciences and Department of Pharmacology, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Ph.D. Program for the Clinical Drug Discovery from Botanical Herbs, College of Pharmacy, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
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29
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Fan YX, Qian C, Liu B, Wang C, Liu H, Pan X, Teng P, Hu L, Zhang G, Han Y, Yang M, Wu XF, Liu WT. Induction of suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 via HSF-1-HSP70-TLR4 axis attenuates neuroinflammation and ameliorates postoperative pain. Brain Behav Immun 2018; 68:111-122. [PMID: 29017971 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2017.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2017] [Revised: 09/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 01/22/2023] Open
Abstract
Postoperative pain is a common form of acute pain that, if not managed effectively, can become chronic pain. Evidence has shown that glia, especially microglia, mediate neuroinflammation, which plays a vital role in pain sensitization. Moreover, toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), the tumor necrosis factor receptor (TNF-R), the interleukin-1 receptor (IL-1R), and the interleukin-6 receptor (IL-6R) have been considered key components in central pain sensitization and neuroinflammation. Therefore, we hypothesized that activation of the body's endogenous "immune brakes" will inhibit these receptors and achieve inflammation tolerance as well as relieve postoperative pain. After searching for potential candidates to serve as this immune brake, we identified and focused on the suppressor of cytokine signaling 3 (SOCS3) gene. To regulate SOCS3 expression, we used paeoniflorin to induce heat shock protein 70 (HSP70)/TLR4 signaling. We found that paeoniflorin significantly induced SOCS3 expression both in vitro and in vivo and promoted the efflux of HSP70 from the cytoplasm to the extracellular environment. Furthermore, paeoniflorin markedly attenuated incision-induced mechanical allodynia, and this effect was abolished by small interfering RNAs targeting SOCS3. These findings demonstrated an effective and safe strategy to alleviate postoperative pain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yi-Xin Fan
- Department of Pharmacy, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Cheng Qian
- Department of Pharmacy, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu 211166, China
| | - Bingqian Liu
- Department of ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital with Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chaoyu Wang
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Haijiao Liu
- Research Division of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xiuxiu Pan
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Peng Teng
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Liang Hu
- Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Guangqin Zhang
- Research Division of Pharmacology, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, China
| | - Yuan Han
- Jiangsu Province Key Laboratory of Anesthesiology, Xuzhou Medical College, Xuzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Mi Yang
- The Comprehensive Cancer Center of Drum Tower Hospital, Medical School of Nanjing University & Clinical Cancer Institute of Nanjing University, Nanjing, China
| | - Xue-Feng Wu
- State Key Laboratory of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology and Collaborative Innovation Center of Chemistry for Life Sciences, School of Life Sciences, Nanjing University, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wen-Tao Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Jiangsu 211166, China; Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Neurodegeneration, Department of Pharmacology, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
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30
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Silva-Abreu M, Calpena AC, Espina M, Silva AM, Gimeno A, Egea MA, García ML. Optimization, Biopharmaceutical Profile and Therapeutic Efficacy of Pioglitazone-loaded PLGA-PEG Nanospheres as a Novel Strategy for Ocular Inflammatory Disorders. Pharm Res 2018; 35:11. [PMID: 29299768 DOI: 10.1007/s11095-017-2319-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2017] [Accepted: 11/21/2017] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The main goal of this study was to encapsulate Pioglitazone (PGZ), in biodegradable polymeric nanoparticles as a new strategy for the treatment of ocular inflammatory processes. METHODS To improve their biopharmaceutical profile for the treatment of ocular inflammatory disorders, nanospheres (NSs) of PGZ were formulated by factorial design with poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) polyethylene glycol (PLGA-PEG). Interactions drug-polymer have been carried out by spectroscopic (X-ray spectroscopy, FTIR) and thermal methods (DSC). The PGZ-NSs were tested for their in vitro release profile, cytotoxicity, and ocular tolerance (HET-CAM® test); ex vivo corneal permeation, and in vivo inflammatory prevention and bioavailability. RESULTS The optimized system showed a negative surface charge of -13.9 mV, an average particle size (Zav) of around 160 nm, a polydispersity index (PI) below 0.1, and a high encapsulation efficiency (EE) of around 92%. According to the DSC results, the drug was incorporated into the NSs polymeric matrix. The drug release was sustained for up to 14 h. PGZ-NSs up to 10 μg/ml exhibited no retinoblastoma cell toxicity. The ex vivo corneal and scleral permeation profiles of PGZ-NSs showed that retention and permeation through the sclera were higher than through the cornea. Ocular tolerance in vitro and in vivo demonstrated the non-irritant character of the formulation. CONCLUSION The in vivo anti-inflammatory efficacy of developed PGZ-NSs indicates this colloidal system could constitute a new approach to prevent ocular inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marcelle Silva-Abreu
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Ana Cristina Calpena
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Marta Espina
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - Amelia M Silva
- Department of Biology and Environment, School of Life and Environmental Sciences, (ECVA, UTAD), University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro, Quinta de Prados, 5001-801, Vila Real, Portugal.,Centre for the Research and Technology of Agro-Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Trás-os-Montes and Alto Douro CITAB-UTAD, 5001-801, Vila-Real, Portugal
| | - Alvaro Gimeno
- Animal Facility, Bellvitge Health Sciences Campus, University of Barcelona, 08907, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Antonia Egea
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain.,Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain
| | - María Luisa García
- Department of Pharmacy, Pharmaceutical Technology and Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences, University of Barcelona, 08028, Barcelona, Spain. .,Institute of Nanoscience and Nanotechnology (IN2UB), University of Barcelona, Barcelona, Spain.
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31
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Chang KC, Petrash JM. Aldo-Keto Reductases: Multifunctional Proteins as Therapeutic Targets in Diabetes and Inflammatory Disease. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2018; 1032:173-202. [PMID: 30362099 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-98788-0_13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Aldose reductase (AR) is an NADPH-dependent aldo-keto reductase that has been shown to be involved in the pathogenesis of several blinding diseases such as uveitis, diabetic retinopathy (DR) and cataract. However, possible mechanisms linking the action of AR to these diseases are not well understood. As DR and cataract are among the leading causes of blindness in the world, there is an urgent need to explore therapeutic strategies to prevent or delay their onset. Studies with AR inhibitors and gene-targeted mice have demonstrated that the action of AR is also linked to cancer onset and progression. In this review we examine possible mechanisms that relate AR to molecular signaling cascades and thus explain why AR inhibition is an effective strategy against colon cancer as well as diseases of the eye such as uveitis, cataract, and retinopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kun-Che Chang
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA.,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA
| | - J Mark Petrash
- Department of Ophthalmology, School of Medicine, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA. .,Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Colorado, Aurora, CO, USA.
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32
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Cevey ÁC, Mirkin GA, Donato M, Rada MJ, Penas FN, Gelpi RJ, Goren NB. Treatment with Fenofibrate plus a low dose of Benznidazole attenuates cardiac dysfunction in experimental Chagas disease. Int J Parasitol Drugs Drug Resist 2017; 7:378-387. [PMID: 29040909 PMCID: PMC5727348 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpddr.2017.10.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2017] [Revised: 08/30/2017] [Accepted: 10/06/2017] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Trypanosoma cruzi induces serious cardiac alterations during the chronic infection. Intense inflammatory response observed from the beginning of infection, is critical for the control of parasite proliferation and evolution of Chagas disease. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR)-α, are known to modulate inflammation. In this study we investigated whether a PPAR-α agonist, Fenofibrate, improves cardiac function and inflammatory parameters in a murine model of T. cruzi infection. BALB/c mice were sequentially infected with two T. cruzi strains of different genetic background. Benznidazole, commonly used as trypanocidal drug, cleared parasites but did not preclude cardiac pathology, resembling what is found in human chronic chagasic cardiomyopathy. Fenofibrate treatment restored to normal values the ejection and shortening fractions, left ventricular end-diastolic, left ventricular end-systolic diameter, and isovolumic relaxation time. Moreover, it reduced cardiac inflammation and fibrosis, decreased the expression of pro-inflammatory (IL-6, TNF-α and NOS2) and heart remodeling mediators (MMP-9 and CTGF), and reduced serum creatine kinase activity. The fact that Fenofibrate partially inhibited NOS2 expression and NO release in the presence of a PPAR-α non-competitive inhibitor, suggested it also acted through PPAR-α-independent pathways. Since IκBα cytosolic degradation was inhibited by Fenofibrate, it can be concluded that the NFκB pathway has a role in its effects. Thus, we demonstrate that Fenofibrate acts through PPAR-α-dependent and -independent pathways. Our study shows that combined treatment with Fenofibrate plus Benznidazole is able both to reverse the cardiac dysfunction associated with the ongoing inflammatory response and fibrosis and to attain parasite clearance in an experimental model of Chagas disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ágata C Cevey
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Gerardo A Mirkin
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Martín Donato
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Patología, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Fisiopatología Cardiovascular (INFICA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María J Rada
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Federico N Penas
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ricardo J Gelpi
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Patología, Buenos Aires, Argentina; Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Instituto de Fisiopatología Cardiovascular (INFICA), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Nora B Goren
- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Facultad de Medicina, Departamento de Microbiología, Parasitología e Inmunología, Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET - Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones en Microbiología y Parasitología Médica (IMPaM), Buenos Aires, Argentina; CONICET- Universidad de Buenos Aires, Instituto de Investigaciones Biomédicas en Retrovirus y SIDA (INBIRS), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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33
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Kwon SM, Kim SA, Yoon JH, Yook JI, Ahn SG. Global analysis of gene expression profiles in the submandibular salivary gland of klotho knockout mice. J Cell Physiol 2017; 233:3282-3294. [PMID: 28885690 PMCID: PMC5765504 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.26172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Salivary dysfunction commonly occurs in many older adults and is considered a physiological phenomenon. However, the genetic changes in salivary glands during aging have not been characterized. The present study analyzed the gene expression profile in salivary glands from accelerated aging klotho deficient mice (klotho−/−, 4 weeks old). Microarray analysis showed that 195 genes were differentially expressed (z‐score > 2 in two independent arrays) in klotho null mice compared to wild‐type mice. Importantly, alpha2‐Na+/K+‐ATPase (Atp1a2), Ca2+‐ATPase (Atp2a1), epidermal growth factor (EGF), and nerve growth factor (NGF), which have been suggested to be regulators of submandibular salivary gland function, were significantly decreased. When a network was constructed from the differentially expressed genes, proliferator‐activated receptor‐γ (PPAR γ), which regulates energy homeostasis and insulin sensitivity, was located at the core of the network. In addition, the expression of genes proposed to regulate various PPAR γ‐related cellular pathways, such as Klk1b26, Egfbp2, Cox8b, Gpx3, Fabp3, EGF, and NGFβ, was altered in the submandibular salivary glands of klotho−/− mice. Our results may provide clues for the identification of novel genes involved in salivary gland dysfunction. Further characterization of these differentially expressed genes will be useful in elucidating the genetic basis of aging‐related changes in the submandibular salivary gland.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Min Kwon
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Soo-A Kim
- Department of Biochemistry, College of Oriental Medicine, Dongguk University, Gyeongju, Republic of Korea
| | - Jung-Hoon Yoon
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Pathology, College of Dentistry, Wonkwang University, Daejeon, Republic of Korea
| | - Jong-In Yook
- Department of Oral Pathology, Yonsei University College of Dentistry, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Sang-Gun Ahn
- Department of Pathology, College of Dentistry, Chosun University, Gwangju, Republic of Korea
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34
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Zhang L, Sun S, Li W, Zhang W, Wang X, Yang SY. Effect of Scutellarin inhibits collagen‑induced arthritis through TLR4/NF‑κB‑mediated inflammation. Mol Med Rep 2017; 16:5555-5560. [PMID: 28849116 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.7292] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2017] [Accepted: 07/07/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Scutellarin is the major effective constituent of the commonly used Chinese medicine Erigeron breviscapus. It has been applied in the clinic to treat various diseases, and is characterized by high content, a stable source, controllable quality, high efficiency and low toxicity. In addition, its potential pharmacological effects have been increasingly identified and elucidated. The present study was performed to examine the role of scutellarin on collagen‑induced arthritis (CIA). Mice were injected subcutaneously with bovine collagen type II and administered scutellarin for 2 weeks by gavage 20 mg/kg/day. ELISA kits were used to measure the levels of interleukin (IL)‑1β, IL‑6, tumor necrosis factor‑α (TNF‑α), oxidative stress markers [superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA)] and caspase‑3/-9 activity. Bax, Bcl‑2, toll like receptor 4 (TLR4) and nuclear factor (NF)‑κB protein expression was analyzed using western immunoblot analyses. The present study demonstrated that scutellarin prevented CIA, and inhibited the expression of inflammation factors, IL‑1β, IL‑6 and TNF‑α. In addition, scutellarin reduced the levels of oxidative stress markers, SOD and MDA, as well as intercellular adhesion molecule‑1 and monocyte chemoattractant protein 1 in CIA mice. Caspase‑3/-9, Bax/Bcl‑2, TLR4 and NF‑κB protein expression were reduced in CIA mice following scutellarin treatment. The results of the current study suggest a novel effect of scutellarin involving the inhibition of TLR4/NF‑κB‑mediated inflammation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laibo Zhang
- Department of Bone and Joint, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Shui Sun
- Department of Bone and Joint, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Wei Li
- Department of Bone and Joint, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Wei Zhang
- Department of Bone and Joint, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Xianquan Wang
- Department of Bone and Joint, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong University, Jinan, Shandong 250021, P.R. China
| | - Shang-You Yang
- Department of Biological Sciences, Wichita State University, Wichita, KS 67260, USA
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35
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Chen Q, Qiu F, Zhou K, Matlock HG, Takahashi Y, Rajala RVS, Yang Y, Moran E, Ma JX. Pathogenic Role of microRNA-21 in Diabetic Retinopathy Through Downregulation of PPARα. Diabetes 2017; 66:1671-1682. [PMID: 28270521 PMCID: PMC5440012 DOI: 10.2337/db16-1246] [Citation(s) in RCA: 112] [Impact Index Per Article: 16.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/12/2016] [Accepted: 03/01/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Fenofibrate, a specific agonist of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-α (PPARα), displays robust therapeutic effects on diabetic retinopathy (DR) in patients with type 2 diabetes. Our recent studies have shown that PPARα is downregulated in the diabetic retina, which contributes to the pathogenesis of DR. However, the mechanism for diabetes-induced downregulation of PPARα remains unknown. We investigated the role of microRNA-21 (miR-21) in regulating PPARα in DR. miR-21 was overexpressed, while PPARα levels were decreased in the retina of db/db mice, a model of type 2 diabetes. Such alterations were also observed in palmitate-treated retinal endothelial cells. miR-21 targeted PPARα by inhibiting its mRNA translation. Knockout of miR-21 prevented the decrease of PPARα, alleviated microvascular damage, ameliorated inflammation, and reduced cell apoptosis in the retina of db/db mice. Intravitreal injection of miR-21 inhibitor attenuated PPARα downregulation and ameliorated retinal inflammation in db/db mice. Further, retinal miR-21 levels were increased, while PPARα levels were decreased in oxygen-induced retinopathy (OIR). Knockout of miR-21 prevented PPARα downregulation and ameliorated retinal neovascularization and inflammation in OIR retinas. In conclusion, diabetes-induced overexpression of miR-21 in the retina is at least partly responsible for PPARα downregulation in DR. Targeting miR-21 may represent a novel therapeutic strategy for DR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qian Chen
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Fangfang Qiu
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Kelu Zhou
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - H Greg Matlock
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Yusuke Takahashi
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
- Department of Medicine, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Raju V S Rajala
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
- Dean A. McGee Eye Institute, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
| | - Yanhui Yang
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
- Tianjin Metabolic Diseases Hospital & Tianjin Institute of Endocrinology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, China
| | - Elizabeth Moran
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
- Department of Ophthalmology, Boston Children's Hospital, Boston, MA
| | - Jian-Xing Ma
- Department of Physiology, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
- Harold Hamm Diabetes Center, University of Oklahoma Health Sciences Center, Oklahoma City, OK
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36
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Horvatinovich JM, Grogan EW, Norris M, Steinkasserer A, Lemos H, Mellor AL, Tcherepanova IY, Nicolette CA, DeBenedette MA. Soluble CD83 Inhibits T Cell Activation by Binding to the TLR4/MD-2 Complex on CD14 + Monocytes. JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY (BALTIMORE, MD. : 1950) 2017; 198:2286-2301. [PMID: 28193829 PMCID: PMC5337811 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1600802] [Citation(s) in RCA: 47] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2016] [Accepted: 01/13/2017] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
The transmembrane protein CD83, expressed on APCs, B cells, and T cells, can be expressed as a soluble form generated by alternative splice variants and/or by shedding. Soluble CD83 (sCD83) was shown to be involved in negatively regulating the immune response. sCD83 inhibits T cell proliferation in vitro, supports allograft survival in vivo, prevents corneal transplant rejection, and attenuates the progression and severity of autoimmune diseases and experimental colitis. Although sCD83 binds to human PBMCs, the specific molecules that bind sCD83 have not been identified. In this article, we identify myeloid differentiation factor-2 (MD-2), the coreceptor within the TLR4/MD-2 receptor complex, as the high-affinity sCD83 binding partner. TLR4/MD-2 mediates proinflammatory signal delivery following recognition of bacterial LPSs. However, altering TLR4 signaling can attenuate the proinflammatory cascade, leading to LPS tolerance. Our data show that binding of sCD83 to MD-2 alters this signaling cascade by rapidly degrading IL-1R-associated kinase-1, leading to induction of the anti-inflammatory mediators IDO, IL-10, and PGE2 in a COX-2-dependent manner. sCD83 inhibited T cell proliferation, blocked IL-2 secretion, and rendered T cells unresponsive to further downstream differentiation signals mediated by IL-2. Therefore, we propose the tolerogenic mechanism of action of sCD83 to be dependent on initial interaction with APCs, altering early cytokine signal pathways and leading to T cell unresponsiveness.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Marcus Norris
- Research Department, Argos Therapeutics, Inc., Durham, NC 27704
| | - Alexander Steinkasserer
- Cancer Immunology, Department of Immune Modulation, University Hospital Erlangen, University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, D-91052 Erlangen, Germany; and
| | - Henrique Lemos
- Inflammation and Tolerance Program, Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912
| | - Andrew L Mellor
- Inflammation and Tolerance Program, Cancer Center, Georgia Regents University, Augusta, GA 30912
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37
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Chen C, Guo D, Lu G. Wogonin protects human retinal pigment epithelium cells from LPS-induced barrier dysfunction and inflammatory responses by regulating the TLR4/NF-κB signaling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2017; 15:2289-2295. [PMID: 28260013 DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2017.6252] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 11/18/2016] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Inflammation in the retinal pigment epithelium is an important contributor to the pathogenesis of age-related macular degeneration. Wogonin is a flavonoid isolated from the root of Scutellaria baicalensis and has multiple pharmacological effects, including anti‑inflammatory effects. The present study sought to determine if the pharmacological effects of wogonin were relevant to the treatment of AMD. ARPE‑19 cells were pre‑conditioned with different concentrations of wogonin (0‑50 µM) prior to induction of inflammation with LPS (2 µg/ml). Transepithelial electrical resistance analysis demonstrated that 24 h treatment with 10 and 50 µM wogonin ameliorated LPS‑induced changes. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‑qPCR) and immunofluorescence analyses revealed that wogonin restrained LPS-induced tight junction proteins, claudin‑1 and ZO‑1. LPS‑induced upregulation of inflammatory mediators in ARPE‑19 cells, including IL‑1β, IL‑6, IL‑8, cyclooxygenase‑2 (COX‑2), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) and TNF‑α was reduced after pre-treatment with wogonin. In addition, RT‑qPCR and western blotting demonstrated that wogonin inhibited the expression of TLR4 in LPS‑stimulated ARPE‑19 cells. This is a novel mechanism indicating that pre‑treatment with wogonin could attenuate the TLR4/NF‑κB‑mediated inflammatory response in LPS‑stimulated ARPE‑19 cells, and thus could be a potential therapy for the treatment of AMD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chen Chen
- Eye Institute, Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
| | - Danni Guo
- Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, Hospital of Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214062, P.R. China
| | - Guohua Lu
- Eye Institute, Changzhou No. 2 People's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Changzhou, Jiangsu 213003, P.R. China
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38
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Fang ZZ, Tanaka N, Lu D, Jiang CT, Zhang WH, Zhang C, Du Z, Fu ZW, Gao P, Cao YF, Sun HZ, Zhu ZT, Cai Y, Krausz KW, Yao Z, Gonzalez FJ. Role of the lipid-regulated NF-κB/IL-6/STAT3 axis in alpha-naphthyl isothiocyanate-induced liver injury. Arch Toxicol 2016; 91:2235-2244. [PMID: 27853831 DOI: 10.1007/s00204-016-1877-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/29/2016] [Accepted: 10/20/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Alpha-naphthyl isothiocyanate (ANIT)-induced liver damage is regarded as a useful model to study drug-induced cholestatic hepatitis. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography coupled with electrospray ionization quadrupole mass spectrometry (UPLC-ESI-QTOF MS)-based metabolomics revealed clues to the mechanism of ANIT-induced liver injury, which facilitates the elucidation of drug-induced liver toxicity. 1-Stearoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (LPC 18:0) and 1-oleoyl-2-hydroxy-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (LPC 18:1) were significantly increased in serum from ANIT-treated mice, and this increase resulted from altered expression of genes encoding the lipid metabolism enzymes Chka and Scd1. ANIT also increased NF-κB/IL-6/STAT3 signaling, and in vitro luciferase reporter gene assays revealed that LPC 18:0 and LPC 18:1 can activate NF-κB in a concentration-dependent manner. Activation of PPARα through feeding mice a Wy-14,643-containing diet (0.1%) reduced ANIT-induced liver injury, as indicated by lowered ALT and AST levels, and liver histology. In conclusion, the present study demonstrated a role for the lipid-regulated NF-κB/IL-6/STAT3 axis in ANIT-induced hepatotoxicity, and that PPARα may be a potential therapeutic target for the prevention of drug-induced cholestatic liver injury.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhong-Ze Fang
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China.,Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, Building 37, Room 3106, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.,Department of Immunology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 30070, China.,Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, No. 457, Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China.,Key Laborotary of Liaoning Tumor Clinical Metabolomics (KLLTCM), Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Naoki Tanaka
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, Building 37, Room 3106, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.,Department of Metabolic Regulation, Shinshu University Graduate School of Medicine, Matsumoto, 390-8621, Japan
| | - Dan Lu
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 30070, China
| | - Chang-Tao Jiang
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, Building 37, Room 3106, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Wei-Hua Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, 300121, China
| | - Chunze Zhang
- Department of Colorectal Surgery, Tianjin Union Medical Center, Tianjin, 300121, China
| | - Zuo Du
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Zhi-Wei Fu
- Department of Toxicology, School of Public Health, Tianjin Medical University, 22 Qixiangtai Road, Heping District, Tianjin, 300070, China
| | - Peng Gao
- Key Laborotary of Liaoning Tumor Clinical Metabolomics (KLLTCM), Jinzhou, Liaoning, China.,Clinical Laboratory, Dalian Sixth People's Hospital, Dalian, 116031, China
| | - Yun-Feng Cao
- Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, No. 457, Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China.,Key Laborotary of Liaoning Tumor Clinical Metabolomics (KLLTCM), Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Hong-Zhi Sun
- Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, No. 457, Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China.,Key Laborotary of Liaoning Tumor Clinical Metabolomics (KLLTCM), Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhi-Tu Zhu
- Joint Center for Translational Medicine, Dalian Institute of Chemical Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences and The First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University, No. 457, Zhongshan Road, Dalian, 116023, China.,Key Laborotary of Liaoning Tumor Clinical Metabolomics (KLLTCM), Jinzhou, Liaoning, China
| | - Yan Cai
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, Building 37, Room 3106, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Kristopher W Krausz
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, Building 37, Room 3106, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Zhi Yao
- Department of Immunology, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Immunology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 30070, China.
| | - Frank J Gonzalez
- Laboratory of Metabolism, Center for Cancer Research, National Institutes of Health, Building 37, Room 3106, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA.
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Yang L, Guo H, Li Y, Meng X, Yan L, Dan Zhang, Wu S, Zhou H, Peng L, Xie Q, Jin X. Oleoylethanolamide exerts anti-inflammatory effects on LPS-induced THP-1 cells by enhancing PPARα signaling and inhibiting the NF-κB and ERK1/2/AP-1/STAT3 pathways. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34611. [PMID: 27721381 PMCID: PMC5056375 DOI: 10.1038/srep34611] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2016] [Accepted: 09/09/2016] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The present study aimed to examine the anti-inflammatory actions of oleoylethanolamide (OEA) in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced THP-1 cells. The cells were stimulated with LPS (1 μg/ml) in the presence or absence of OEA (10, 20 and 40 μM). The pro-inflammatory cytokines were evaluated by qRT-PCR and ELISA. The THP-1 cells were transiently transfected with PPARα small-interfering RNA, and TLR4 activity was determined with a blocking test using anti-TLR4 antibody. Additionally, a special inhibitor was used to analyse the intracellular signaling pathway. OEA exerted a potent anti-inflammatory effect by reducing the production of pro-inflammatory cytokines and TLR4 expression, and by enhancing PPARα expression. The modulatory effects of OEA on LPS-induced inflammation depended on PPARα and TLR4. Importantly, OEA inhibited LPS-induced NF-κB activation, IκBα degradation, expression of AP-1, and the phosphorylation of ERK1/2 and STAT3. In summary, our results demonstrated that OEA exerts anti-inflammatory effects by enhancing PPARα signaling, inhibiting the TLR4-mediated NF-κB signaling pathway, and interfering with the ERK1/2-dependent signaling cascade (TLR4/ERK1/2/AP-1/STAT3), which suggests that OEA may be a therapeutic agent for inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lichao Yang
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Chiral Drugs, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, P. R. China
| | - Han Guo
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Chiral Drugs, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, P. R. China
| | - Ying Li
- Department of Pharmacology, Xiamen Medical College, Xiamen, Fujian, 361008, P. R. China
| | - Xianglan Meng
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Chiral Drugs, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, P. R. China
| | - Lu Yan
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Chiral Drugs, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, P. R. China
| | - Dan Zhang
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361003, P. R. China
| | - Sangang Wu
- Xiamen Cancer Center, Department of Radiation Oncology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361003, P. R. China
| | - Hao Zhou
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Chiral Drugs, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, P. R. China
| | - Lu Peng
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Chiral Drugs, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, P. R. China
| | - Qiang Xie
- Department of Cardiology, the First Affiliated Hospital of Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361003, P. R. China
| | - Xin Jin
- Xiamen Key Laboratory of Chiral Drugs, Medical College, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, P. R. China
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40
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Kaliszewska A, Martinez V, Laparra JM. Proinflammatory responses driven by non-gluten factors are masked when they appear associated to gliadins. Food Chem Toxicol 2016; 95:89-95. [PMID: 27377345 DOI: 10.1016/j.fct.2016.06.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/02/2016] [Revised: 06/29/2016] [Accepted: 06/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Cereal proteins are of clinical interest because of their cytotoxic and immunogenic features being associated to allergic processes and intestinal disorders. In addition to gliadins, there has been suggested an important role for non-gluten modulating factors (nGMF) on the onset of intestinal inflammatory processes. In this study, the amino acid sequences generated after a simulated human gastrointestinal (sGI) digestion of a commercial extract of gliadins (GEF) and the nGMF-enriched fraction (nGEF) obtained from them were characterized (nanoESI-qQTOF). These fractions were fed (20 days) to Wistar rats, sensitized with interferon (IFN)-γ (1000 IU/rat) and further treated with indomethacin (2 mg/kg). The production of inflammatory mediators (ELISAs) and the expression (rt-qPCR) of innate biomarkers was monitored in duodenal tissue sections. There were also evaluated changes in defined leukocyte (flow cytometry) populations quantified in peripheral blood samples. Expected nGMF components, CM3 and 0.19, as well as toxic gliadin-derived peptides were generated after sGI digestion. Rats fed with the nGEF showed higher concentrations of IFNγ, as well as expression levels of TLR-4 and the peroxisome proliferator activated receptor-α in duodenal samples than those animals fed with GEF. Rats fed with GEF showed higher expression levels of the endocannabinoid receptor-1 and an increased CD4(+)CD3(+)Foxp3(+) cell population. The data points out significant different cytotoxic and immunogenic potential of the nGEF when administered independently of the GEF to which are commonly associated. However, proinflammatory responses to nGMF are masked when present associated to gliadins.
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Affiliation(s)
- A Kaliszewska
- Institute of Animal Reproduction and Food Research of the Polish Academy of Sciences, Department of Immunology and Food Microbiology, Tuwima str 10, 10-748, Olsztyn, Poland
| | - V Martinez
- Immunonutrition and Health Group, Valencian International University, C/ Gorgos 5-7, 46021, Valencia, Spain
| | - J M Laparra
- Immunonutrition and Health Group, Valencian International University, C/ Gorgos 5-7, 46021, Valencia, Spain.
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Expression Profile of Cationic Amino Acid Transporters in Rats with Endotoxin-Induced Uveitis. Mediators Inflamm 2016; 2016:6586857. [PMID: 27413255 PMCID: PMC4927963 DOI: 10.1155/2016/6586857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 05/23/2016] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose. The transcellular arginine transportation via cationic amino acid transporter (CAT) is the rate-limiting step in nitric oxide (NO) synthesis, which is crucial in intraocular inflammation. In this study, CAT isoforms and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) expression was investigated in endotoxin-induced uveitis (EIU). Methods. EIU was induced in Lewis rats by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) injection. In the treatment group, the rats were injected intraperitoneally with the proteasome inhibitor bortezomib before EIU induction. After 24 hours, leukocyte quantification, NO measurement of the aqueous humor, and histopathological examination were evaluated. The expression of CAT isoforms and iNOS was determined by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction, western blotting, and immunofluorescence staining. Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) binding activity was evaluated by electrophoretic mobility shift assay. The mouse macrophage cell line RAW 264.7 was used to validate the in vivo findings. Results. LPS significantly stimulated iNOS, CAT-2A, and CAT-2B mRNA and protein expression but did not affect CAT-1 in EIU rats and RAW 264.7 cells. Bortezomib attenuated inflammation and inhibited iNOS, CAT-2A, and CAT-2B expression through NF-κB inhibition. Conclusions. CAT-2 and iNOS, but not CAT-1, are specifically involved in EIU. NF-κB is essential in the induction of CAT-2 and iNOS in EIU.
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Fenofibrate improves high-fat diet-induced and palmitate-induced endoplasmic reticulum stress and inflammation in skeletal muscle. Life Sci 2016; 157:158-167. [PMID: 27297630 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2016.06.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2016] [Revised: 05/31/2016] [Accepted: 06/07/2016] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Fenofibrate (FF) is commonly used clinically as a lipid-lowering drug, but whether it participates in endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress and decreases inflammation in skeletal muscle is still unknown. The aim of this study is to determine whether FF treatment reduces insulin resistance (IR) by alleviating ER stress and downstream inflammation in skeletal muscle tissues and cells. MAIN METHODS Female SD rats were randomly divided into groups receiving the standard chow diet (SCD), a high-fat diet (HFD), or HFD plus FF (HFD+FF). The rats in the latter two groups were subjected to a standard HFD for 20weeks, then the HFD+FF rats were administered FF (30mg/kg once daily via gavage) for another 8weeks. Whole-body IR, expression of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor α (PPARα), ER stress-related genes, and inflammatory genes in the soleus muscle were assessed. The differentiated C2C12 myotubes were treated with palmitic acid or pretreated with fenofibric acid or 4-phenylbutyric acid (4-PBA), etomoxir, and the expression of ER stress, beta-oxidation-related genes, inflammatory genes, Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4), and insulin-signaling-related molecules were determined. KEY FINDINGS Eight weeks of FF treatment attenuated HFD-induced IR by decreased tribbles 3 (TRB3) expression, ER stress and inflammation in skeletal muscle. FA pretreatment markedly inverted the PA-induced expression of TLR4 and downstream inflammatory genes, activated ER stress, improved β-oxidation and insulin signaling in differentiated myotube cells. SIGNIFICANCE FF treatment significantly improved HFD-induced IR in skeletal muscle and PA-induced IR in myotube cells, which may be related to reduced ER stress-induced inflammation.
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Kumar M, Ghosh S, Nayak S, Das A. Recent advances in biosensor based diagnosis of urinary tract infection. Biosens Bioelectron 2016; 80:497-510. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bios.2016.02.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/19/2015] [Revised: 02/06/2016] [Accepted: 02/08/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
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Tao L, Qiu Y, Fu X, Lin R, Lei C, Wang J, Lei B. Angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 activator diminazene aceturate prevents lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation by inhibiting MAPK and NF-κB pathways in human retinal pigment epithelium. J Neuroinflammation 2016; 13:35. [PMID: 26862037 PMCID: PMC4748536 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-016-0489-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2015] [Accepted: 01/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background Retinal inflammation is a devastating pathological process in ocular diseases. Functional impairment of retinal pigment epithelium (RPE) is associated with inflammatory retinal diseases. Enhancing the protective axis namely ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas by activation of ACE2 presents anti-inflammatory properties. We investigated whether diminazene aceturate (DIZE), an angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) activator, prevented lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammatory response by activating the protective axis and whether the effect was mediated by inhibiting the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and the nuclear factor-κB (NF-κB) pathways. Methods Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) assay and real-time PCR were used to determine the optimum concentration and incubation time of DIZE. ARPE-19 cells and primary cultured human retinal pigment epithelia (hRPE) were incubated with or without 10 μg/mL DIZE for 6 h before stimulated with 5 μg/mL LPS for 24 h. The mRNA expression of inflammatory cytokines, AT1R, and AT2R was analyzed. The protein level of inflammatory cytokines, Ang II, and Ang-(1-7) was detected. Phosphorylation of p38 MAPK, extracellular signal-regulated kinase (ERK)1/2, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and phosphorylated transcription inhibition factor-κB-α (p-IκB-α) were measured. Inhibitors of MAPKs and NF-κB were added to verify the involvement of these pathways. A small interfering RNA (siRNA) targeted to ACE2 and a selective Ang-(1-7) antagonist A779 was used to confirm the role of ACE2 and the involvement of ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas axis. Results DIZE remarkably increased the expression of ACE2 and inhibited the expression of IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1 at both mRNA and protein levels in both RPE cell lines stimulated with LPS. Inhibitors of p38, ERK1/2, JNK, and NF-κB significantly decreased LPS-induced overproduction of IL-6, IL-8, and MCP-1. DIZE reduced the expression of Ang II and AT1R, whereas increased Ang-(1-7). Furthermore, DIZE downregulated the phosphorylation of p38MAPK, ERK1/2, JNK, and the activation of NF-κB upon stimulation with LPS. Downregulating ACE2 and pre-treatment with A779 abrogated the effects of DIZE on production of cytokines, the expression of Ang II, Ang-(1-7), AT1R, phosphorylation of MAPKs and activation of NF-κB. Conclusions DIZE inhibits LPS-induced inflammatory response by activating ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas axis in human RPE cells. The protective effect is mediated by inhibiting the p38MAPK, ERK1/2, JNK, and NF-κB pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lifei Tao
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, 1 You Yi Road, Yu Zhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Yiguo Qiu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, 1 You Yi Road, Yu Zhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Xinyu Fu
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, 1 You Yi Road, Yu Zhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Ru Lin
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, 1 You Yi Road, Yu Zhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Chunyan Lei
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, 1 You Yi Road, Yu Zhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Jiaming Wang
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, 1 You Yi Road, Yu Zhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China.
| | - Bo Lei
- Department of Ophthalmology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing Key Laboratory of Ophthalmology, Chongqing Eye Institute, 1 You Yi Road, Yu Zhong District, Chongqing, 400016, China.
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ZHAO SHUZHI, LI JUN, WANG NA, ZHENG BINGQING, LI TAO, GU QING, XU XUN, ZHENG ZHI. Fenofibrate suppresses cellular metabolic memory of high glucose in diabetic retinopathy via a sirtuin 1-dependent signalling pathway. Mol Med Rep 2015; 12:6112-8. [DOI: 10.3892/mmr.2015.4164] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/04/2014] [Accepted: 06/22/2015] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
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Zhou X, Dong L, Yang B, He Z, Chen Y, Deng T, Huang B, Lan C. Preinduction of heat shock protein 70 protects mice against post-infection irritable bowel syndrome via NF-κB and NOS/NO signaling pathways. Amino Acids 2015. [PMID: 26215736 DOI: 10.1007/s00726-015-2056-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
This study aimed to investigate the protective effects of preinduction of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) on Trichinella spiralis infection-induced post-infectious irritable bowel syndrome (PI-IBS) in mice. Trichinella spiralis infection significantly reduced HSP70 abundance, ileal villus height and crypt depth, expression of tight junctions, serum lysine and arginine concentrations, and ileal SCL7A6 and SCL7A7 mRNA levels, induced inflammatory response, and activated NF-κB signaling pathway. Meanwhile, the heat treatment upregulated HSP70 expression, and then reversed intestinal dysfunction and inflammatory response. Preinduction of HSP70 enhanced serum arginine and intestinal SCL7A7 expression and inhibited NF-κB activation compared with PI-IBS model. Treatment with pyrrolidine dithiocarbamate (PDTC, an NF-κB inhibitor) and N-nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME, a nitric oxide synthase inhibitor, NOS) further demonstrated that preinduction of HSP70 might inhibit NF-κB and activated NOS/nitric oxide (NO) signaling pathways. In conclusion, preinduction of HSP70 by heat treatment may confer beneficial effects on Trichinella spiralis infection-induced PI-IBS in mice, and the protective effect of HSP70 may be associated with inhibition of NF-κB and stimulation of NOS/NO signaling pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xuchun Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Liwei Dong
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hainan Provincial General Hospital, Haikou, 570311, China
| | - Bo Yang
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, 400016, China
| | - Zhoutao He
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hainan Provincial General Hospital, Haikou, 570311, China
| | - Yiyao Chen
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hainan Provincial General Hospital, Haikou, 570311, China
| | - Taozhi Deng
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hainan Provincial General Hospital, Haikou, 570311, China
| | - Baili Huang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hainan Provincial General Hospital, Haikou, 570311, China
| | - Cheng Lan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Hainan Provincial General Hospital, Haikou, 570311, China.
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Macrophages and Uveitis in Experimental Animal Models. Mediators Inflamm 2015; 2015:671417. [PMID: 26078494 PMCID: PMC4452861 DOI: 10.1155/2015/671417] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/16/2015] [Revised: 03/14/2015] [Accepted: 03/31/2015] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Resident and infiltrated macrophages play relevant roles in uveitis as effectors of innate immunity and inductors of acquired immunity. They are major effectors of tissue damage in uveitis and are also considered to be potent antigen-presenting cells. In the last few years, experimental animal models of uveitis have enabled us to enhance our understanding of the leading role of macrophages in eye inflammation processes, including macrophage polarization in experimental autoimmune uveoretinitis and the major role of Toll-like receptor 4 in endotoxin-induced uveitis. This improved knowledge should guide advantageous iterative research to establish mechanisms and possible therapeutic targets for human uveitis resolution.
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Abstract
Objective: To review the mechanisms of anti-cancer activity of fenofibrate (FF) and other Peroxisome Proliferator Activator Receptor α (PPARα) agonists based on evidences reported in the published literature.Methods: We extensively reviewed the literature concerning FF as an off target anti-cancer drug. Controversies regarding conflicting findings were also addressed.Results: The main mechanism involved in anti-cancer activity is anti-angiogenesis through down-regulation of Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF), Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor (VEGFR) and Hypoxia Inducible factor-1 α (HIF-1α), inhibition of endothelial cell migration, up-regulation of endostatin and thrombospondin-1, but there are many other contributing mechanisms like apoptosis and cell cycle arrest, down-regulation of Nuclear Factor Kappa B (NF-kB) and Protein kinase B (Akt) and decrease of cellular energy by impairing mitochondrial function. Growth impairment is related to down-regulation of Phospho-Inositol 3 Kinase (PI3K)/Akt axis and down-regulation of the p38 map kinase (MAPK) cascade. A possible role should be assigned to FF stimulated over-expression of Tribbles Homolog-3 (TRIB3) which inhibits Akt phosphorylation. Important anti-cancer and anti-metastatic activities are due to down-regulation of MCP-1 (monocyte chemotactic protein-1), decreased Metalloprotease-9 (MMP-9) production, weak down-regulation of adhesion molecules like E selectin, intercellular adhesion molecules (ICAM) and Vascular Endothelial Adhesion Molecules (VCAM), and decreased secretion of chemokines like Interleukin-6 (IL-6), and down-regulation of cyclin D-1. There is no direct link between FF activity in lipid metabolism and anticancer activity, except for the fact that many anticancer actions are dependent from PPARα agonism. FF exhibits also PPARα independent anti-cancer activities.Conclusions: There are strong evidences indicating that FF can disrupt growth-related activities in many different cancers, due to anti-angiogenesis and anti-inflammatory effects. Therefore FF may be useful as a complementary adjunct treatment of cancer, particularly included in anti-angiogenic protocols like those currently increasingly used in glioblastoma. There are sound reasons to initiate well planned phase II clinical trials for FF as a complementary adjunct treatment of cancer.
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