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Kostić AŽ, Arserim-Uçar DK, Materska M, Sawicka B, Skiba D, Milinčić DD, Pešić MB, Pszczółkowski P, Moradi D, Ziarati P, Bienia B, Barbaś P, Sudagıdan M, Kaur P, Sharifi-Rad J. Unlocking Quercetin's Neuroprotective Potential: A Focus on Bee-Collected Pollen. Chem Biodivers 2024; 21:e202400114. [PMID: 38386539 DOI: 10.1002/cbdv.202400114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/15/2024] [Revised: 02/19/2024] [Accepted: 02/22/2024] [Indexed: 02/24/2024]
Abstract
In the quest to evade side effects associated with synthetic drugs, mankind is continually exploring natural sources. In recent decades, neurodegenerative disorders (NDDs) have surged dramatically compared to other human diseases. Flavonoids, naturally occurring compounds, have emerged as potential preventers of NDD development. Notably, quercetin and its derivatives demonstrated excellent antioxidant properties in the fight against NDDs. Recognizing bee-collected pollen (BP) as a well-established excellent source of quercetin and its derivatives, this review seeks to consolidate available data on the prevalence of this flavonoid in BP, contingent upon its botanical and geographical origins. It aims to advocate for BP as a superb natural source of "drugs" that could serve as preventative measures against NDDs. Examination of numerous published articles, detailing the phenolic profile of BP, suggests that it can be a great source of quercetin, with an average range of up to 1000 mg/kg. In addition to quercetin, 24 derivatives (with rutin being the most predominant) have been identified. Theoretical calculations, based on the recommended dietary intake for quercetin, indicate that BP can fulfil from 0.1 to over 100 % of the requirement, depending on BP's origin and bioaccessibility/bioavailability during digestion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar Ž Kostić
- Chair of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, 11080, Belgrade
| | - Dılhun Keriman Arserim-Uçar
- Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Faculty of Health Sciences, Bingöl University, Bingöl, 12000, Türkiye
| | - Małgorzata Materska
- Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Food Science and Biotechnology, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, Akademicka 15 Street, 20-950, Lublin, Poland
| | - Barbara Sawicka
- Department of Plant Production Technology and Commodities Science, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950, Lublin, Poland
| | - Dominika Skiba
- Department of Plant Production Technology and Commodities Science, University of Life Sciences in Lublin, 20-950, Lublin, Poland
| | - Danijel D Milinčić
- Chair of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, 11080, Belgrade
| | - Mirjana B Pešić
- Chair of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Faculty of Agriculture, University of Belgrade, Nemanjina 6, 11080, Belgrade
| | - Piotr Pszczółkowski
- Experimental Department of Cultivar Assessment, Research Centre for Cultivar Testing, Uhnin, 21-211, Dębowa Kłoda, Poland
| | - Donya Moradi
- Nutrition and Food Sciences Research Center, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Parisa Ziarati
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Tehran Medical Sciences, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Bernadetta Bienia
- Food Production and Safety Department, National Academy of Applied Sciences, Rynek 1 str., 38-400, Krosno, Poland
| | - Piotr Barbaś
- Department Agronomy of Potato, Plant Breeding and Acclimatization Institute - National Research Institute, Branch Jadwisin, 05-140, Serock, Poland
| | - Mert Sudagıdan
- Kit-ARGEM R&D Center, Konya Food and Agriculture University, Meram, 42080, Konya, Türkiye
| | - Preetinder Kaur
- Department of Processing and Food Engineering, College of Agricultural Engineering and Technology, Punjab Agricultural University, Ludhiana, 141004, Punjab
| | - Javad Sharifi-Rad
- Facultad de Medicina, Universidad del Azuay, 14-008, Cuenca, Ecuador
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Xiao L, Wang X, Jiang Y, Ye B, Yu K, Wang Q, Yang X, Zhang J, Ouyang Q, Jin H, Tian E. Lipid and sugar metabolism play an essential role in pollen development and male sterility: a case analysis in Brassica napus. PHYSIOLOGIA PLANTARUM 2024; 176:e14394. [PMID: 38894535 DOI: 10.1111/ppl.14394] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2024] [Revised: 05/14/2024] [Accepted: 06/04/2024] [Indexed: 06/21/2024]
Abstract
AIMS The genic male sterility (GMS) system is an important strategy for generating heterosis in plants. To better understand the essential role of lipid and sugar metabolism and to identify additional candidates for pollen development and male sterility, transcriptome and metabolome analysis of a GMS line of 1205AB in B. napus was used as a case study. DATA RESOURCES GENERATED To characterize the GMS system, the transcriptome and metabolome profiles were generated for 24 samples and 48 samples of 1205AB in B. napus, respectively. Transcriptome analysis yielded a total of 156.52 Gb of clean data and revealed the expression levels of 109,541 genes and 8,501 novel genes. In addition, a total of 1,353 metabolites were detected in the metabolomic analysis, including 784 in positive ion mode and 569 in negative ion mode. KEY RESULTS A total of 15,635 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and 83 differential metabolites (DMs) were identified from different comparison groups, most of which were involved in lipid and sugar metabolism. The combination of transcriptome and metabolome analysis revealed 49 orthologous GMS genes related to lipid metabolism and 46 orthologous GMS genes related to sugar metabolism, as well as 45 novel genes. UTILITY OF THE RESOURCE The transcriptome and metabolome profiles and their analysis provide useful reference data for the future discovery of additional GMS genes and the development of more robust male sterility breeding systems for use in the production of plant hybrids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lijing Xiao
- Agricultural College of Guizhou University, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xianya Wang
- Agricultural College of Guizhou University, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Yingfen Jiang
- Institute of Crop Science, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Science, Hefei, China
| | - Botao Ye
- Agricultural College of Guizhou University, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Kunjiang Yu
- Agricultural College of Guizhou University, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Qian Wang
- Agricultural College of Guizhou University, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Xu Yang
- Agricultural College of Guizhou University, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Jinze Zhang
- Agricultural College of Guizhou University, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Qingjing Ouyang
- Agricultural College of Guizhou University, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Hairui Jin
- Agricultural College of Guizhou University, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
| | - Entang Tian
- Agricultural College of Guizhou University, Guizhou University, Guiyang, China
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Hembach L, Niemeyer PW, Schmitt K, Zegers JMS, Scholz P, Brandt D, Dabisch JJ, Valerius O, Braus GH, Schwarzländer M, de Vries J, Rensing SA, Ischebeck T. Proteome plasticity during Physcomitrium patens spore germination - from the desiccated phase to heterotrophic growth and reconstitution of photoautotrophy. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2024; 117:1466-1486. [PMID: 38059656 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16574] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/07/2023] [Revised: 11/13/2023] [Accepted: 11/22/2023] [Indexed: 12/08/2023]
Abstract
The establishment of moss spores is considered a milestone in plant evolution. They harbor protein networks underpinning desiccation tolerance and accumulation of storage compounds that can be found already in algae and that are also utilized in seeds and pollen. Furthermore, germinating spores must produce proteins that drive the transition through heterotrophic growth to the autotrophic plant. To get insight into the plasticity of this proteome, we investigated it at five timepoints of moss (Physcomitrium patens) spore germination and in protonemata and gametophores. The comparison to previously published Arabidopsis proteome data of seedling establishment showed that not only the proteomes of spores and seeds are functionally related, but also the proteomes of germinating spores and young seedlings. We observed similarities with regard to desiccation tolerance, lipid droplet proteome composition, control of dormancy, and β-oxidation and the glyoxylate cycle. However, there were also striking differences. For example, spores lacked any obvious storage proteins. Furthermore, we did not detect homologs to the main triacylglycerol lipase in Arabidopsis seeds, SUGAR DEPENDENT1. Instead, we discovered a triacylglycerol lipase of the oil body lipase family and a lipoxygenase as being the overall most abundant proteins in spores. This finding indicates an alternative pathway for triacylglycerol degradation via oxylipin intermediates in the moss. The comparison of spores to Nicotiana tabacum pollen indicated similarities for example in regards to resistance to desiccation and hypoxia, but the overall developmental pattern did not align as in the case of seedling establishment and spore germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lea Hembach
- Green Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology (IBBP), University of Münster, 48143, Münster, Germany
| | - Philipp W Niemeyer
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kerstin Schmitt
- Department for Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Genetics and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB) and Service Unit LCMS Protein Analytics, Institute for Microbiology, University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Jaccoline M S Zegers
- Department of Applied Bioinformatics, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB) and Campus Institute Data Science (CIDAS), Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Patricia Scholz
- Laboratoire Reproduction et Développement des Plantes (RDP), UCB Lyon 1, CNRS, INRAE, Université de Lyon, ENS de Lyon, Lyon, France
| | - Dennis Brandt
- Plant Energy Biology, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology (IBBP), University of Münster, 48143, Münster, Germany
| | - Janis J Dabisch
- Green Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology (IBBP), University of Münster, 48143, Münster, Germany
| | - Oliver Valerius
- Department for Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Genetics and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB) and Service Unit LCMS Protein Analytics, Institute for Microbiology, University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gerhard H Braus
- Department for Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Genetics and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB) and Service Unit LCMS Protein Analytics, Institute for Microbiology, University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Markus Schwarzländer
- Plant Energy Biology, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology (IBBP), University of Münster, 48143, Münster, Germany
| | - Jan de Vries
- Department of Applied Bioinformatics, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB) and Campus Institute Data Science (CIDAS), Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Stefan A Rensing
- Plant Cell Biology, Department of Biology, University of Marburg, Marburg, Germany
- BIOSS Centre for Biological Signalling Studies, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Till Ischebeck
- Green Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology (IBBP), University of Münster, 48143, Münster, Germany
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
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Althiab-Almasaud R, Teyssier E, Chervin C, Johnson MA, Mollet JC. Pollen viability, longevity, and function in angiosperms: key drivers and prospects for improvement. PLANT REPRODUCTION 2023:10.1007/s00497-023-00484-5. [PMID: 37926761 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-023-00484-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Accepted: 10/19/2023] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Pollen grains are central to sexual plant reproduction and their viability and longevity/storage are critical for plant physiology, ecology, plant breeding, and many plant product industries. Our goal is to present progress in assessing pollen viability/longevity along with recent advances in our understanding of the intrinsic and environmental factors that determine pollen performance: the capacity of the pollen grain to be stored, germinate, produce a pollen tube, and fertilize the ovule. We review current methods to measure pollen viability, with an eye toward advancing basic research and biotechnological applications. Importantly, we review recent advances in our understanding of how basic aspects of pollen/stigma development, pollen molecular composition, and intra- and intercellular signaling systems interact with the environment to determine pollen performance. Our goal is to point to key questions for future research, especially given that climate change will directly impact pollen viability/longevity. We find that the viability and longevity of pollen are highly sensitive to environmental conditions that affect complex interactions between maternal and paternal tissues and internal pollen physiological events. As pollen viability and longevity are critical factors for food security and adaptation to climate change, we highlight the need to develop further basic research for better understanding the complex molecular mechanisms that modulate pollen viability and applied research on developing new methods to maintain or improve pollen viability and longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rasha Althiab-Almasaud
- Université de Toulouse, LRSV, Toulouse INP, CNRS, UPS, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Eve Teyssier
- Université de Toulouse, LRSV, Toulouse INP, CNRS, UPS, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Christian Chervin
- Université de Toulouse, LRSV, Toulouse INP, CNRS, UPS, 31326, Castanet-Tolosan, France
| | - Mark A Johnson
- Department of Molecular Biology, Cell Biology and Biochemistry, Brown University, Providence, RI, 02912, USA
| | - Jean-Claude Mollet
- Univ Rouen Normandie, GLYCOMEV UR4358, SFR NORVEGE, Fédération Internationale Normandie-Québec NORSEVE, Carnot I2C, RMT BESTIM, GDR Chemobiologie, IRIB, F-76000, Rouen, France.
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Furse S, Koch H, Wright GA, Stevenson PC. Sterol and lipid metabolism in bees. Metabolomics 2023; 19:78. [PMID: 37644282 PMCID: PMC10465395 DOI: 10.1007/s11306-023-02039-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2023] [Accepted: 07/27/2023] [Indexed: 08/31/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Bees provide essential pollination services for many food crops and are critical in supporting wild plant diversity. However, the dietary landscape of pollen food sources for social and solitary bees has changed because of agricultural intensification and habitat loss. For this reason, understanding the basic nutrient metabolism and meeting the nutritional needs of bees is becoming an urgent requirement for agriculture and conservation. We know that pollen is the principal source of dietary fat and sterols for pollinators, but a precise understanding of what the essential nutrients are and how much is needed is not yet clear. Sterols are key for producing the hormones that control development and may be present in cell membranes, where fatty-acid-containing species are important structural and signalling molecules (phospholipids) or to supply, store and distribute energy (glycerides). AIM OF THE REVIEW In this critical review, we examine the current general understanding of sterol and lipid metabolism of social and solitary bees from a variety of literature sources and discuss implications for bee health. KEY SCIENTIFIC CONCEPTS OF REVIEW We found that while eusocial bees are resilient to some dietary variation in sterol supply the scope for this is limited. The evidence of both de novo lipogenesis and a dietary need for particular fatty acids (FAs) shows that FA metabolism in insects is analogous to mammals but with distinct features. Bees rely on their dietary intake for essential sterols and lipids in a way that is dependent upon pollen availability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel Furse
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew Green, Kew, Surrey, TW9 3AB, UK.
| | - Hauke Koch
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew Green, Kew, Surrey, TW9 3AB, UK
| | | | - Philip C Stevenson
- Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew Green, Kew, Surrey, TW9 3AB, UK.
- Natural Resources Institute, University of Greenwich, Chatham, Kent, ME4 4TB, UK.
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Yang L, Liu J, Wong CK, Lim BL. Movement of Lipid Droplets in the Arabidopsis Pollen Tube Is Dependent on the Actomyosin System. PLANTS (BASEL, SWITZERLAND) 2023; 12:2489. [PMID: 37447050 DOI: 10.3390/plants12132489] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2023] [Revised: 06/23/2023] [Accepted: 06/26/2023] [Indexed: 07/15/2023]
Abstract
The growth of pollen tubes, which depends on actin filaments, is pivotal for plant reproduction. Pharmacological experiments showed that while oryzalin and brefeldin A treatments had no significant effect on the lipid droplets (LDs) trafficking, while 2,3-butanedione monoxime (BDM), latrunculin B, SMIFH2, and cytochalasin D treatments slowed down LDs trafficking, in such a manner that only residual wobbling was observed, suggesting that trafficking of LDs in pollen tube is related to F-actin. While the trafficking of LDs in the wild-type pollen tubes and in myo11-2, myo11b1-1, myo11c1-1, and myo11c2-1 single mutants and myo11a1-1/myo11a2-1 double mutant were normal, their trafficking slowed down in a myosin-XI double knockout (myo11c1-1/myo11c2-1) mutant. These observations suggest that Myo11C1 and Myo11C2 motors are involved in LDs movement in pollen tubes, and they share functional redundancy. Hence, LDs movement in Arabidopsis pollen tubes relies on the actomyosin system.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lang Yang
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Jinhong Liu
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ching-Kiu Wong
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Boon Leong Lim
- School of Biological Sciences, University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
- State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China
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Bouchnak I, Coulon D, Salis V, D’Andréa S, Bréhélin C. Lipid droplets are versatile organelles involved in plant development and plant response to environmental changes. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2023; 14:1193905. [PMID: 37426978 PMCID: PMC10327486 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2023.1193905] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/25/2023] [Accepted: 05/23/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023]
Abstract
Since decades plant lipid droplets (LDs) are described as storage organelles accumulated in seeds to provide energy for seedling growth after germination. Indeed, LDs are the site of accumulation for neutral lipids, predominantly triacylglycerols (TAGs), one of the most energy-dense molecules, and sterol esters. Such organelles are present in the whole plant kingdom, from microalgae to perennial trees, and can probably be found in all plant tissues. Several studies over the past decade have revealed that LDs are not merely simple energy storage compartments, but also dynamic structures involved in diverse cellular processes like membrane remodeling, regulation of energy homeostasis and stress responses. In this review, we aim to highlight the functions of LDs in plant development and response to environmental changes. In particular, we tackle the fate and roles of LDs during the plant post-stress recovery phase.
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Affiliation(s)
- Imen Bouchnak
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Bordeaux, Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire UMR5200, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Denis Coulon
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Bordeaux, Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire UMR5200, Villenave d’Ornon, France
| | - Vincent Salis
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut national de recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (INRAE), AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Versailles, France
| | - Sabine D’Andréa
- Université Paris-Saclay, Institut national de recherche pour l'agriculture, l'alimentation et l'environnement (INRAE), AgroParisTech, Institut Jean-Pierre Bourgin (IJPB), Versailles, France
| | - Claire Bréhélin
- Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique (CNRS), University of Bordeaux, Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire UMR5200, Villenave d’Ornon, France
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Wenger M, Grosse-Kathoefer S, Kraiem A, Pelamatti E, Nunes N, Pointner L, Aglas L. When the allergy alarm bells toll: The role of Toll-like receptors in allergic diseases and treatment. Front Mol Biosci 2023; 10:1204025. [PMID: 37426425 PMCID: PMC10325731 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2023.1204025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2023] [Accepted: 06/08/2023] [Indexed: 07/11/2023] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors of the human immune system are specialized pathogen detectors able to link innate and adaptive immune responses. TLR ligands include among others bacteria-, mycoplasma- or virus-derived compounds such as lipids, lipo- and glycoproteins and nucleic acids. Not only are genetic variations in TLR-related genes associated with the pathogenesis of allergic diseases, including asthma and allergic rhinitis, their expression also differs between allergic and non-allergic individuals. Due to a complex interplay of genes, environmental factors, and allergen sources the interpretation of TLRs involved in immunoglobulin E-mediated diseases remains challenging. Therefore, it is imperative to dissect the role of TLRs in allergies. In this review, we discuss i) the expression of TLRs in organs and cell types involved in the allergic immune response, ii) their involvement in modulating allergy-associated or -protective immune responses, and iii) how differential activation of TLRs by environmental factors, such as microbial, viral or air pollutant exposure, results in allergy development. However, we focus on iv) allergen sources interacting with TLRs, and v) how targeting TLRs could be employed in novel therapeutic strategies. Understanding the contributions of TLRs to allergy development allow the identification of knowledge gaps, provide guidance for ongoing research efforts, and built the foundation for future exploitation of TLRs in vaccine design.
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Breygina M, Voronkov A, Ivanova T, Babushkina K. Fatty Acid Composition of Dry and Germinating Pollen of Gymnosperm and Angiosperm Plants. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24119717. [PMID: 37298668 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24119717] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 05/30/2023] [Accepted: 06/01/2023] [Indexed: 06/12/2023] Open
Abstract
A pollen grain is a unique haploid organism characterized by a special composition and structure. The pollen of angiosperms and gymnosperms germinate in fundamentally similar ways, but the latter also have important features, including slow growth rates and lower dependence on female tissues. These features are, to some extent, due to the properties of pollen lipids, which perform a number of functions during germination. Here, we compared the absolute content and the fatty acid (FA) composition of pollen lipids of two species of flowering plants and spruce using GC-MS. The FA composition of spruce pollen differed significantly, including the predominance of saturated and monoene FAs, and a high proportion of very-long-chain FAs (VLCFAs). Significant differences between FAs from integumentary lipids (pollen coat (PC)) and lipids of gametophyte cells were found for lily and tobacco, including a very low unsaturation index of the PC. The proportion of VLCFAs in the integument was several times higher than in gametophyte cells. We found that the absolute content of lipids in lily pollen is almost three times higher than in tobacco and spruce pollen. For the first time, changes in the FA composition were analyzed during pollen germination in gymnosperms and angiosperms. The stimulating effect of H2O2 on spruce germination also led to noticeable changes in the FA content and composition of growing pollen. For tobacco in control and test samples, the FA composition was stable.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Breygina
- Department of Plant Physiology, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye gory 1-12, Moscow 119991, Russia
| | - Alexander Voronkov
- Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya St. 35, Moscow 127276, Russia
| | - Tatiana Ivanova
- Timiryazev Institute of Plant Physiology, Russian Academy of Sciences, Botanicheskaya St. 35, Moscow 127276, Russia
| | - Ksenia Babushkina
- Department of Plant Physiology, Biological Faculty, Lomonosov Moscow State University, Leninskiye gory 1-12, Moscow 119991, Russia
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Powell JE, Lau P, Rangel J, Arnott R, De Jong T, Moran NA. The microbiome and gene expression of honey bee workers are affected by a diet containing pollen substitutes. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286070. [PMID: 37205696 PMCID: PMC10198554 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286070] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/08/2023] [Indexed: 05/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Pollen is the primary source of dietary protein for honey bees. It also includes complex polysaccharides in its outer coat, which are largely indigestible by bees but can be metabolized by bacterial species within the gut microbiota. During periods of reduced availability of floral pollen, supplemental protein sources are frequently provided to managed honey bee colonies. The crude proteins in these supplemental feeds are typically byproducts from food manufacturing processes and are rarely derived from pollen. Our experiments on the impact of different diets showed that a simplified pollen-free diet formulated to resemble the macronutrient profile of a monofloral pollen source resulted in larger microbial communities with reduced diversity, reduced evenness, and reduced levels of potentially beneficial hive-associated bacteria. Furthermore, the pollen-free diet sharply reduced the expression of genes central to honey bee development. In subsequent experiments, we showed that these shifts in gene expression may be linked to colonization by the gut microbiome. Lastly, we demonstrated that for bees inoculated with a defined gut microbiota, those raised on an artificial diet were less able to suppress infection from a bacterial pathogen than those that were fed natural pollen. Our findings demonstrate that a pollen-free diet significantly impacts the gut microbiota and gene expression of honey bees, indicating the importance of natural pollen as a primary protein source.
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Affiliation(s)
- J. Elijah Powell
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States of America
| | - Pierre Lau
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States of America
- USDA-ARS, Pollinator Health in Southern Crop Ecosystem Research Unit, Stoneville, MS, United States of America
| | - Juliana Rangel
- Department of Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, United States of America
| | - Ryan Arnott
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States of America
| | - Tyler De Jong
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States of America
| | - Nancy A. Moran
- Department of Integrative Biology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, United States of America
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11
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Raith M, Swoboda I. Birch pollen-The unpleasant herald of spring. FRONTIERS IN ALLERGY 2023; 4:1181675. [PMID: 37255542 PMCID: PMC10225653 DOI: 10.3389/falgy.2023.1181675] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2023] [Accepted: 04/24/2023] [Indexed: 06/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Type I respiratory allergies to birch pollen and pollen from related trees of the order Fagales are increasing in industrialized countries, especially in the temperate zone of the Northern hemisphere, but the reasons for this increase are still debated and seem to be multifaceted. While the most important allergenic molecules of birch pollen have been identified and characterized, the contribution of other pollen components, such as lipids, non-allergenic immunomodulatory proteins, or the pollen microbiome, to the development of allergic reactions are sparsely known. Furthermore, what also needs to be considered is that pollen is exposed to external influences which can alter its allergenicity. These external influences include environmental factors such as gaseous pollutants like ozone or nitrogen oxides or particulate air pollutants, but also meteorological events like changes in temperature, humidity, or precipitation. In this review, we look at the birch pollen from different angles and summarize current knowledge on internal and external influences that have an impact on the allergenicity of birch pollen and its interactions with the epithelial barrier. We focus on epithelial cells since these cells are the first line of defense in respiratory disease and are increasingly considered to be a regulatory tissue for the protection against the development of respiratory allergies.
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Dvořák Tomaštíková E, Yang F, Mlynárová K, Hafidh S, Schořová Š, Kusová A, Pernisová M, Přerovská T, Klodová B, Honys D, Fajkus J, Pecinka A, Schrumpfová PP. RUVBL proteins are involved in plant gametophyte development. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2023; 114:325-337. [PMID: 36752686 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.16136] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/01/2023] [Indexed: 05/10/2023]
Abstract
The proper development of male and female gametophytes is critical for successful sexual reproduction and requires a carefully regulated series of events orchestrated by a suite of various proteins. RUVBL1 and RUVBL2, plant orthologues of human Pontin and Reptin, respectively, belong to the evolutionarily highly conserved AAA+ family linked to a wide range of cellular processes. Previously, we found that RUVBL1 and RUVBL2A mutations are homozygous lethal in Arabidopsis. Here, we report that RUVBL1 and RUVBL2A play roles in reproductive development. We show that mutant plants produce embryo sacs with an abnormal structure or with various numbers of nuclei. Although pollen grains of heterozygous mutant plants exhibit reduced viability and reduced pollen tube growth in vitro, some of the ruvbl pollen tubes are capable of targeting ovules in vivo. Similarly, some ruvbl ovules retain the ability to attract wild-type pollen tubes but fail to develop further. The activity of the RUVBL1 and RUVBL2A promoters was observed in the embryo sac, pollen grains, and tapetum cells and, for RUVBL2A, also in developing ovules. In summary, we show that the RUVBL proteins are essential for the proper development of both male and particularly female gametophytes in Arabidopsis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eva Dvořák Tomaštíková
- Centre of Plant Structural and Functional Genomics, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 31, 77900, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Fen Yang
- Centre of Plant Structural and Functional Genomics, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 31, 77900, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 77900, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Kristína Mlynárová
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Proteomics, Faculty of Science, National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-62500, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Said Hafidh
- Laboratory of Pollen Biology, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 263, CZ-165 02, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Šárka Schořová
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Proteomics, Faculty of Science, National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-62500, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Alžbeta Kusová
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Proteomics, Faculty of Science, National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-62500, Brno, Czech Republic
- Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-62500, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Markéta Pernisová
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Proteomics, Faculty of Science, National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-62500, Brno, Czech Republic
- Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-62500, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Tereza Přerovská
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Proteomics, Faculty of Science, National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-62500, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Božena Klodová
- Laboratory of Pollen Biology, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 263, CZ-165 02, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 5, 128 00, Praha 2, Czech Republic
| | - David Honys
- Laboratory of Pollen Biology, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Rozvojová 263, CZ-165 02, Prague, Czech Republic
- Department of Experimental Plant Biology, Faculty of Science, Charles University, Viničná 5, 128 00, Praha 2, Czech Republic
| | - Jiří Fajkus
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Proteomics, Faculty of Science, National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-62500, Brno, Czech Republic
- Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-62500, Brno, Czech Republic
- Institute of Biophysics of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Královopolská 135, CZ-61265, Brno, Czech Republic
| | - Ales Pecinka
- Centre of Plant Structural and Functional Genomics, Institute of Experimental Botany, Czech Academy of Sciences, Šlechtitelů 31, 77900, Olomouc, Czech Republic
- Department of Cell Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Science, Palacký University, Šlechtitelů 27, 77900, Olomouc, Czech Republic
| | - Petra Procházková Schrumpfová
- Laboratory of Functional Genomics and Proteomics, Faculty of Science, National Centre for Biomolecular Research, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-62500, Brno, Czech Republic
- Mendel Centre for Plant Genomics and Proteomics, Central European Institute of Technology, Masaryk University, Kamenice 5, CZ-62500, Brno, Czech Republic
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Mitochondrial Complex I Disruption Causes Broad Reorchestration of Plant Lipidome Including Chloroplast Lipids. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 24:ijms24010453. [PMID: 36613895 PMCID: PMC9820630 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24010453] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2022] [Revised: 11/28/2022] [Accepted: 12/09/2022] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Mitochondrial complex I (CI) plays a crucial role in oxidising NADH generated by the metabolism (including photorespiration) and thereby participates in the mitochondrial electron transfer chain feeding oxidative phosphorylation that generates ATP. However, CI mutations are not lethal in plants and cause moderate phenotypes, and therefore CI mutants are instrumental to examine consequences of mitochondrial homeostasis disturbance on plant cell metabolisms and signalling. To date, the consequences of CI disruption on the lipidome have not been examined. Yet, in principle, mitochondrial dysfunction should impact on lipid synthesis through chloroplasts (via changes in photorespiration, redox homeostasis, and N metabolism) and the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) (via perturbed mitochondrion-ER crosstalk). Here, we took advantage of lipidomics technology (by LC-MS), phospholipid quantitation by 31P-NMR, and total lipid quantitation to assess the impact of CI disruption on leaf, pollen, and seed lipids using three well-characterised CI mutants: CMSII in N. sylvestris and both ndufs4 and ndufs8 in Arabidopsis. Our results show multiple changes in cellular lipids, including galactolipids (chloroplastic), sphingolipids, and ceramides (synthesised by ER), suggesting that mitochondrial homeostasis is essential for the regulation of whole cellular lipidome via specific signalling pathways. In particular, the observed modifications in phospholipid and sphingolipid/ceramide molecular species suggest that CI activity controls phosphatidic acid-mediated signalling.
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Wang J, Chen Y, Zhao L, Fang X, Zhang Y. Lipidomics reveals the molecular mechanisms underlying the changes in lipid profiles and lipid oxidation in rape bee pollen dried by different methods. Food Res Int 2022; 162:112104. [DOI: 10.1016/j.foodres.2022.112104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2022] [Revised: 10/26/2022] [Accepted: 10/28/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022]
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Ge S, Zhang RX, Wang YF, Sun P, Chu J, Li J, Sun P, Wang J, Hetherington AM, Liang YK. The Arabidopsis Rab protein RABC1 affects stomatal development by regulating lipid droplet dynamics. THE PLANT CELL 2022; 34:4274-4292. [PMID: 35929087 PMCID: PMC9614440 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koac239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2022] [Accepted: 07/13/2022] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are evolutionarily conserved organelles that serve as hubs of cellular lipid and energy metabolism in virtually all organisms. Mobilization of LDs is important in light-induced stomatal opening. However, whether and how LDs are involved in stomatal development remains unknown. We show here that Arabidopsis thaliana LIPID DROPLETS AND STOMATA 1 (LDS1)/RABC1 (At1g43890) encodes a member of the Rab GTPase family that is involved in regulating LD dynamics and stomatal morphogenesis. The expression of RABC1 is coordinated with the different phases of stomatal development. RABC1 targets to the surface of LDs in response to oleic acid application in a RABC1GEF1-dependent manner. RABC1 physically interacts with SEIPIN2/3, two orthologues of mammalian seipin, which function in the formation of LDs. Disruption of RABC1, RABC1GEF1, or SEIPIN2/3 resulted in aberrantly large LDs, severe defects in guard cell vacuole morphology, and stomatal function. In conclusion, these findings reveal an aspect of LD function and uncover a role for lipid metabolism in stomatal development in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Yi-Fei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Pengyue Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
- Hubei Hongshan Laboratory, Wuhan 430070, China
| | - Jiaheng Chu
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jiao Li
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Peng Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Jianbo Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice, Department of Plant Sciences, College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, China
| | - Alistair M Hetherington
- School of Biological Sciences, Life Sciences Building, University of Bristol, 24 Tyndall Avenue, Bristol, BS8 1TQ, UK
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Niemeyer PW, Irisarri I, Scholz P, Schmitt K, Valerius O, Braus GH, Herrfurth C, Feussner I, Sharma S, Carlsson AS, de Vries J, Hofvander P, Ischebeck T. A seed-like proteome in oil-rich tubers. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2022; 112:518-534. [PMID: 36050843 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15964] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 08/26/2022] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
There are numerous examples of plant organs or developmental stages that are desiccation-tolerant and can withstand extended periods of severe water loss. One prime example are seeds and pollen of many spermatophytes. However, in some plants, also vegetative organs can be desiccation-tolerant. One example are the tubers of yellow nutsedge (Cyperus esculentus), which also store large amounts of lipids similar to seeds. Interestingly, the closest known relative, purple nutsedge (Cyperus rotundus), generates tubers that do not accumulate oil and are not desiccation-tolerant. We generated nanoLC-MS/MS-based proteomes of yellow nutsedge in five replicates of four stages of tuber development and compared them to the proteomes of roots and leaves, yielding 2257 distinct protein groups. Our data reveal a striking upregulation of hallmark proteins of seeds in the tubers. A deeper comparison to the tuber proteome of the close relative purple nutsedge (C. rotundus) and a previously published proteome of Arabidopsis seeds and seedlings indicates that indeed a seed-like proteome was found in yellow but not purple nutsedge. This was further supported by an analysis of the proteome of a lipid droplet-enriched fraction of yellow nutsedge, which also displayed seed-like characteristics. One reason for the differences between the two nutsedge species might be the expression of certain transcription factors homologous to ABSCISIC ACID INSENSITIVE3, WRINKLED1, and LEAFY COTYLEDON1 that drive gene expression in Arabidopsis seed embryos.
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Affiliation(s)
- Philipp William Niemeyer
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Iker Irisarri
- Department of Applied Bioinformatics, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB) and Campus Institute Data Science (CIDAS), Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Patricia Scholz
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Kerstin Schmitt
- Department for Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Genetics and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB) and Service Unit LCMS Protein Analytics, Institute for Microbiology, University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Oliver Valerius
- Department for Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Genetics and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB) and Service Unit LCMS Protein Analytics, Institute for Microbiology, University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Gerhard H Braus
- Department for Molecular Microbiology and Genetics, Genetics and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB) and Service Unit LCMS Protein Analytics, Institute for Microbiology, University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Cornelia Herrfurth
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Service Unit for Metabolomics and Lipidomics, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Ivo Feussner
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Service Unit for Metabolomics and Lipidomics, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Shrikant Sharma
- Department of Plant Breeding, SLU Alnarp, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 190, SE-234 22, Lomma, Sweden
| | - Anders S Carlsson
- Department of Plant Breeding, SLU Alnarp, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 190, SE-234 22, Lomma, Sweden
| | - Jan de Vries
- Department of Applied Bioinformatics, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB) and Campus Institute Data Science (CIDAS), Institute for Microbiology and Genetics, University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Per Hofvander
- Department of Plant Breeding, SLU Alnarp, Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences, Box 190, SE-234 22, Lomma, Sweden
| | - Till Ischebeck
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Göttingen, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
- Green Biotechnology, Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology (IBBP), University of Münster, 48143, Münster, Germany
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Li F, Han X, Guan H, Xu MC, Dong YX, Gao XQ. PALD encoding a lipid droplet-associated protein is critical for the accumulation of lipid droplets and pollen longevity in Arabidopsis. THE NEW PHYTOLOGIST 2022; 235:204-219. [PMID: 35348222 DOI: 10.1111/nph.18123] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/15/2022] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
Pollen longevity is critical for plant pollination and hybrid seed production, but few studies have focused on pollen longevity. In this study, we identified an Arabidopsis thaliana gene, Protein associated with lipid droplets (PALD), which is strongly expressed in pollen and critical for the regulation of pollen longevity. PALD was expressed specifically in mature pollen grains and the pollen tube, and its expression was upregulated under dry conditions. PALD encoded a lipid droplet (LD)-associated protein and its N terminus was critical for the LD localization of PALD. The number of LDs and diameter were reduced in pollen grains of the loss-of-function PALD mutants. The viability and germination of the mature pollen grains of the pald mutants were comparable with those of the wild-type, but after the pollen grains were stored under dry conditions, pollen germination and male transmission of the mutant were compromised compared with those of the wild-type. Our study suggests that PALD was required for the maintenance of LD quality in mature pollen grains and regulation of pollen longevity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fei Li
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Xiao Han
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Huan Guan
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Mei Chen Xu
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Yu Xiu Dong
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
| | - Xin-Qi Gao
- National Key Laboratory of Crop Biology, College of Life Sciences, Shandong Agricultural University, Taian, 271018, China
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Lau P, Lesne P, Grebenok RJ, Rangel J, Behmer ST. Assessing pollen nutrient content: a unifying approach for the study of bee nutritional ecology. Philos Trans R Soc Lond B Biol Sci 2022; 377:20210510. [PMID: 35491590 DOI: 10.1098/rstb.2021.0510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Poor nutrition and landscape changes are regularly cited as key factors causing the decline of wild and managed bee populations. However, what constitutes 'poor nutrition' for bees currently is inadequately defined. Bees collect and eat pollen: it is their only solid food source and it provides a broad suite of required macro- and micronutrients. Bees are also generalist foragers and thus the different pollen types they collect and eat can be highly nutritionally variable. Therefore, characterizing the multidimensional nutrient content of different pollen types is needed to fully understand pollen as a nutritional resource. Unfortunately, the use of different analytical approaches to assess pollen nutrient content has complicated between-studies comparisons and blurred our understanding of pollen nutrient content. In the current study, we start by reviewing the common methods used to estimate protein and lipids found in pollen. Next, using monofloral Brassica and Rosa pollen, we experimentally reveal biases in results using these methods. Finally, we use our collective data to propose a unifying approach for analysing pollen nutrient content. This will help researchers better study and understand the nutritional ecology-including foraging behaviour, nutrient regulation and health-of bees and other pollen feeders. This article is part of the theme issue 'Natural processes influencing pollinator health: from chemistry to landscapes'.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pierre Lau
- Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | - Pierre Lesne
- Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
| | | | - Juliana Rangel
- Entomology, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX, USA
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Guryanova SV, Finkina EI, Melnikova DN, Bogdanov IV, Bohle B, Ovchinnikova TV. How Do Pollen Allergens Sensitize? Front Mol Biosci 2022; 9:900533. [PMID: 35782860 PMCID: PMC9245541 DOI: 10.3389/fmolb.2022.900533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Plant pollen is one of the main sources of allergens causing allergic diseases such as allergic rhinitis and asthma. Several allergens in plant pollen are panallergens which are also present in other allergen sources. As a result, sensitized individuals may also experience food allergies. The mechanism of sensitization and development of allergic inflammation is a consequence of the interaction of allergens with a large number of molecular factors that often are acting in a complex with other compounds, for example low-molecular-mass ligands, which contribute to the induction a type 2-driven response of immune system. In this review, special attention is paid not only to properties of allergens but also to an important role of their interaction with lipids and other hydrophobic molecules in pollen sensitization. The reactions of epithelial cells lining the nasal and bronchial mucosa and of other immunocompetent cells will also be considered, in particular the mechanisms of the activation of B and T lymphocytes and the formation of allergen-specific antibody responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Svetlana V. Guryanova
- Science-Educational Center, M. M. Shemyakin & Yu. A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, The Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Medical Institute, Peoples’ Friendship University of Russia, The Ministry of Science and Higher Education of the Russian Federation, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ekaterina I. Finkina
- Science-Educational Center, M. M. Shemyakin & Yu. A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, The Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Daria N. Melnikova
- Science-Educational Center, M. M. Shemyakin & Yu. A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, The Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Ivan V. Bogdanov
- Science-Educational Center, M. M. Shemyakin & Yu. A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, The Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
| | - Barbara Bohle
- Department of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research, Center for Pathophysiology, Infectiology and Immunology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Tatiana V. Ovchinnikova
- Science-Educational Center, M. M. Shemyakin & Yu. A. Ovchinnikov Institute of Bioorganic Chemistry, The Russian Academy of Sciences, Moscow, Russia
- Department of Biotechnology, I.M. Sechenov First Moscow State Medical University (Sechenov University), Moscow, Russia
- *Correspondence: Tatiana V. Ovchinnikova,
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Krawczyk HE, Rotsch AH, Herrfurth C, Scholz P, Shomroni O, Salinas-Riester G, Feussner I, Ischebeck T. Heat stress leads to rapid lipid remodeling and transcriptional adaptations in Nicotiana tabacum pollen tubes. PLANT PHYSIOLOGY 2022; 189:490-515. [PMID: 35302599 PMCID: PMC9157110 DOI: 10.1093/plphys/kiac127] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/18/2021] [Accepted: 02/19/2022] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
After reaching the stigma, pollen grains germinate and form a pollen tube that transports the sperm cells to the ovule. Due to selection pressure between pollen tubes, pollen grains likely evolved mechanisms to quickly adapt to temperature changes to sustain elongation at the highest possible rate. We investigated these adaptions in tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) pollen tubes grown in vitro under 22°C and 37°C by a multi-omics approach including lipidomic, metabolomic, and transcriptomic analysis. Both glycerophospholipids and galactoglycerolipids increased in saturated acyl chains under heat stress (HS), while triacylglycerols (TGs) changed less in respect to desaturation but increased in abundance. Free sterol composition was altered, and sterol ester levels decreased. The levels of sterylglycosides and several sphingolipid classes and species were augmented. Most amino acid levels increased during HS, including the noncodogenic amino acids γ-amino butyrate and pipecolate. Furthermore, the sugars sedoheptulose and sucrose showed higher levels. Also, the transcriptome underwent pronounced changes with 1,570 of 24,013 genes being differentially upregulated and 813 being downregulated. Transcripts coding for heat shock proteins and many transcriptional regulators were most strongly upregulated but also transcripts that have so far not been linked to HS. Transcripts involved in TG synthesis increased, while the modulation of acyl chain desaturation seemed not to be transcriptionally controlled, indicating other means of regulation. In conclusion, we show that tobacco pollen tubes are able to rapidly remodel their lipidome under HS likely by post-transcriptional and/or post-translational regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hannah Elisa Krawczyk
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Göttingen, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Alexander Helmut Rotsch
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Göttingen, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Cornelia Herrfurth
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Göttingen, Göttingen 37077, Germany
- Service Unit for Metabolomics and Lipidomics, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Göttingen, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Patricia Scholz
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Göttingen, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Orr Shomroni
- NGS—Integrative Genomics Core Unit (NIG), University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), Institute of Human Genetics, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Gabriela Salinas-Riester
- NGS—Integrative Genomics Core Unit (NIG), University Medical Center Göttingen (UMG), Institute of Human Genetics, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Ivo Feussner
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Göttingen, Göttingen 37077, Germany
- Service Unit for Metabolomics and Lipidomics, Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Göttingen, Göttingen 37077, Germany
| | - Till Ischebeck
- Department of Plant Biochemistry, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), University of Göttingen, Göttingen 37077, Germany
- Institute of Plant Biology and Biotechnology (IBBP), University of Münster, Green Biotechnology, Münster 48143, Germany
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Wang J, Kambhampati S, Allen DK, Chen LQ. Comparative Metabolic Analysis Reveals a Metabolic Switch in Mature, Hydrated, and Germinated Pollen in Arabidopsis thaliana. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2022; 13:836665. [PMID: 35665175 PMCID: PMC9158543 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2022.836665] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/29/2022] [Indexed: 05/06/2023]
Abstract
Pollen germination is an essential process for pollen tube growth, pollination, and therefore seed production in flowering plants, and it requires energy either from remobilization of stored carbon sources, such as lipids and starches, or from secreted exudates from the stigma. Transcriptome analysis from in vitro pollen germination previously showed that 14 GO terms, including metabolism and energy, were overrepresented in Arabidopsis. However, little is understood about global changes in carbohydrate and energy-related metabolites during the transition from mature pollen grain to hydrated pollen, a prerequisite to pollen germination, in most plants, including Arabidopsis. In this study, we investigated differential metabolic pathway enrichment among mature, hydrated, and germinated pollen using an untargeted metabolomic approach. Integration of publicly available transcriptome data with metabolomic data generated as a part of this study revealed starch and sucrose metabolism increased significantly during pollen hydration and germination. We analyzed in detail alterations in central metabolism, focusing on soluble carbohydrates, non-esterified fatty acids, glycerophospholipids, and glycerolipids. We found that several metabolites, including palmitic acid, oleic acid, linolenic acid, quercetin, luteolin/kaempferol, and γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), were elevated in hydrated pollen, suggesting a potential role in activating pollen tube emergence. The metabolite levels of mature, hydrated, and germinated pollen, presented in this work provide insights on the molecular basis of pollen germination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiang Wang
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
| | | | - Doug K. Allen
- Donald Danforth Plant Science Center, St. Louis, MO, United States
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agricultural Research Service, St. Louis, MO, United States
| | - Li-Qing Chen
- Department of Plant Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
- Carl R. Woese Institute for Genomic Biology, University of Illinois at Urbana-Champaign, Urbana, IL, United States
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22
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Hamdan MF, Lung SC, Guo ZH, Chye ML. Roles of acyl-CoA-binding proteins in plant reproduction. JOURNAL OF EXPERIMENTAL BOTANY 2022; 73:2918-2936. [PMID: 35560189 DOI: 10.1093/jxb/erab499] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/11/2021] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Acyl-CoA-binding proteins (ACBPs) constitute a well-conserved family of proteins in eukaryotes that are important in stress responses and development. Past studies have shown that ACBPs are involved in maintaining, transporting and protecting acyl-CoA esters during lipid biosynthesis in plants, mammals, and yeast. ACBPs show differential expression and various binding affinities for acyl-CoA esters. Hence, ACBPs can play a crucial part in maintaining lipid homeostasis. This review summarizes the functions of ACBPs during the stages of reproduction in plants and other organisms. A comprehensive understanding on the roles of ACBPs during plant reproduction may lead to opportunities in crop improvement in agriculture.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Fadhli Hamdan
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Shiu-Cheung Lung
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Ze-Hua Guo
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
| | - Mee-Len Chye
- School of Biological Sciences, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam, Hong Kong, China
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23
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Stiebing C, Post N, Schindler C, Göhrig B, Lux H, Popp J, Heutelbeck A, Schie IW. Revealing the Chemical Composition of Birch Pollen Grains by Raman Spectroscopic Imaging. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23095112. [PMID: 35563504 PMCID: PMC9101400 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23095112] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2022] [Revised: 04/26/2022] [Accepted: 04/28/2022] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
The investigation of the biochemical composition of pollen grains is of the utmost interest for several environmental aspects, such as their allergenic potential and their changes in growth conditions due to climatic factors. In order to fully understand the composition of pollen grains, not only is an in-depth analysis of their molecular components necessary but also spatial information of, e.g., the thickness of the outer shell, should be recorded. However, there is a lack of studies using molecular imaging methods for a spatially resolved biochemical composition on a single-grain level. In this study, Raman spectroscopy was implemented as an analytical tool to investigate birch pollen by imaging single pollen grains and analyzing their spectral profiles. The imaging modality allowed us to reveal the layered structure of pollen grains based on the biochemical information of the recorded Raman spectra. Seven different birch pollen species collected at two different locations in Germany were investigated and compared. Using chemometric algorithms such as hierarchical cluster analysis and multiple-curve resolution, several components of the grain wall, such as sporopollenin, as well as the inner core presenting high starch concentrations, were identified and quantified. Differences in the concentrations of, e.g., sporopollenin, lipids and proteins in the pollen species at the two different collection sites were found, and are discussed in connection with germination and other growth processes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Clara Stiebing
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (Leibniz-IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany; (C.S.); (J.P.)
| | - Nele Post
- Department of Medical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Jena, Carl-Zeiss-Promenade 2, 07745 Jena, Germany;
| | - Claudia Schindler
- Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Erlanger Allee 103, 07747 Jena, Germany; (C.S.); (B.G.); (H.L.); (A.H.)
| | - Bianca Göhrig
- Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Erlanger Allee 103, 07747 Jena, Germany; (C.S.); (B.G.); (H.L.); (A.H.)
| | - Harald Lux
- Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Erlanger Allee 103, 07747 Jena, Germany; (C.S.); (B.G.); (H.L.); (A.H.)
- Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Psychosomatic Medicine, Brandenburg Medical School, 16816 Neuruppin, Germany
| | - Jürgen Popp
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (Leibniz-IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany; (C.S.); (J.P.)
- Institute of Physical Chemistry and Abbe Center of Photonics, Friedrich Schiller University Jena, Helmholtzweg 4, 07743 Jena, Germany
| | - Astrid Heutelbeck
- Institute of Occupational, Social and Environmental Medicine, Jena University Hospital, Erlanger Allee 103, 07747 Jena, Germany; (C.S.); (B.G.); (H.L.); (A.H.)
| | - Iwan W. Schie
- Leibniz Institute of Photonic Technology (Leibniz-IPHT), Albert-Einstein-Straße 9, 07745 Jena, Germany; (C.S.); (J.P.)
- Department of Medical Engineering and Biotechnology, University of Applied Sciences Jena, Carl-Zeiss-Promenade 2, 07745 Jena, Germany;
- Correspondence:
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Liu W, Sun J, Li J, Liu C, Si F, Yan B, Wang Z, Song X, Yang Y, Zhu Y, Cao X. Reproductive tissue-specific translatome of a rice thermo-sensitive genic male sterile line. J Genet Genomics 2022; 49:624-635. [PMID: 35041992 DOI: 10.1016/j.jgg.2022.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2021] [Revised: 01/05/2022] [Accepted: 01/06/2022] [Indexed: 10/19/2022]
Abstract
Translational regulation, especially tissue- or cell type-specific gene regulation, plays essential roles in plant growth and development. Thermo-sensitive genic male sterile (TGMS) lines have been widely used for hybrid breeding in rice (Oryza sativa). However, little is known about translational regulation during reproductive stage in TGMS rice. Here, we used translating ribosome affinity purification (TRAP) combined with RNA sequencing to investigate the reproductive tissue-specific translatome of TGMS rice expressing FLAG-tagged ribosomal protein L18 (RPL18) from the germline-specific promoter MEIOSIS ARRESTED AT LEPTOTENE1 (MEL1). Differentially expressed genes at the transcriptional and translational levels were enriched in pollen and anther-related formation and development processes. These contained a number of genes reported to be involved in tapetum programmed cell death (PCD) and lipid metabolism during pollen development and anther dehiscence in rice, including several encoding transcription factors and key enzymes, as well as several long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) that potentially affect tapetum and pollen-related genes in male sterility. This study represents the first comprehensive reproductive tissue-specific characterization of the translatome in TGMS rice. These results contribute to our understanding of the molecular basis of sterility in TGMS rice and will facilitate further genetic manipulation of TGMS rice in two-line breeding systems.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei Liu
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China; State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Jing Sun
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Ji Li
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Chunyan Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Fuyan Si
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Bin Yan
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Zhen Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Xianwei Song
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Yuanzhu Yang
- Department of Rice Breeding, Hunan Yahua Seed Scientific Research Institute, Changsha 410119, Hunan, China
| | - Yuxian Zhu
- College of Life Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China; Institute for Advanced Studies, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430072, Hubei, China.
| | - Xiaofeng Cao
- State Key Laboratory of Plant Genomics and National Center for Plant Gene Research, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China.
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Axelrod K, Samburova V, Khlystov AY. Relative abundance of saccharides, free amino acids, and other compounds in specific pollen species for source profiling of atmospheric aerosol. THE SCIENCE OF THE TOTAL ENVIRONMENT 2021; 799:149254. [PMID: 34375869 DOI: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.149254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2021] [Revised: 06/23/2021] [Accepted: 07/21/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Though studies in bioaerosols are being conducted with increasing frequency over the past decade, the total breadth of knowledge on bioaerosols and their role in atmospheric processes is still minimal. In order to better characterize the chemical composition of fresh biological aerosol for purposes of source apportionment and tracing in the atmosphere, several plant pollen species were selected for detailed chemical analyses. For this purpose, different pollen species were purchased and collected around Reno, Nevada, USA, for further extraction and detailed chemical analysis. These species included aspen, corn, pecan, ragweed, eastern cottonwood, paper mulberry, rabbitbrush, bitterbrush, lodgepole pine, and Jeffrey pine. Saccharides, free amino acids, and various other polar compounds (e.g., anhydrosugars and resin acids) were quantitatively analyzed using gas chromatography and ultra-high performance liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry techniques (GC-MS and UPLC-MS), with the purpose to identify differences and nuances in chemical composition of specific pollen species. The saccharides β-d-fructose, α-d-glucose, and β-d-glucose were ubiquitously found across all pollen samples (10), and sucrose was found in five samples. d-galactose was also found in pine species. Total saccharides were 4.0 to 29% of total dry weight across all samples. Total free amino acids were 0.29% to 15% of total dry weight across all samples, with the most common amino acid being proline. Chemical profiles (including both saccharides and amino acids) of surface-deposited aerosol in the Lake Tahoe area correlated most closely with pine pollen than other analyzed pollen species, indicating that chemical profiles of pollen can be used to infer its contribution to local aerosols.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kevin Axelrod
- Desert Research Institute, 2215 Raggio Parkway, Reno, NV 89512, USA
| | - Vera Samburova
- Desert Research Institute, 2215 Raggio Parkway, Reno, NV 89512, USA
| | - Andrey Y Khlystov
- Desert Research Institute, 2215 Raggio Parkway, Reno, NV 89512, USA.
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26
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Sun Y, Wang X, Chen Z, Qin L, Li B, Ouyang L, Peng X, He H. Quantitative Proteomics and Transcriptomics Reveals Differences in Proteins During Anthers Development in Oryza longistaminata. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2021; 12:744792. [PMID: 34868129 PMCID: PMC8640343 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2021.744792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/20/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 06/07/2023]
Abstract
Oryza longistaminata is an African wild rice species that possesses special traits for breeding applications. Self-incompatibility is the main cause of sterility in O. longistaminata, but here we demonstrated that its pollen vitality are normal. Lipid and carbohydrate metabolism were active throughout pollen development. In this study, we used I2-KI staining and TTC staining to investigate pollen viability. Aniline-blue-stained semithin sections were used to investigate important stages of pollen development. Tandem mass tags (TMT)-based quantitative analysis was used to investigate the profiles of proteins related to lipid and carbohydrate metabolism in 4-, 6-, and 8.5-mm O. longistaminata spikelets before flowering. Pollen was found to germinate normally in vitro and in vivo. We documented cytological changes throughout important stages of anther development, including changes in reproductive cells as they formed mature pollen grains through meiosis and mitosis. A total of 31,987 RNA transcripts and 8,753 proteins were identified, and 6,842 of the proteins could be quantified. RNA-seq and proteome association analysis indicated that fatty acids were converted to sucrose after the 6-mm spikelet stage, based on the abundance of most key enzymes of the glyoxylate cycle and gluconeogenesis. The abundance of proteins involved in pollen energy metabolism was further confirmed by combining quantitative real-time PCR with parallel reaction monitoring (PRM) analyses. In conclusion, our study provides novel insights into the pollen viability of O. longistaminata at the proteome level, which can be used to improve the efficiency of male parent pollination in hybrid rice breeding applications.
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27
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Billey E, Hafidh S, Cruz-Gallardo I, Litholdo CG, Jean V, Carpentier MC, Picart C, Kumar V, Kulichova K, Maréchal E, Honys D, Conte MR, Deragon JM, Bousquet-Antonelli C. LARP6C orchestrates posttranscriptional reprogramming of gene expression during hydration to promote pollen tube guidance. THE PLANT CELL 2021; 33:2637-2661. [PMID: 34124761 PMCID: PMC8408461 DOI: 10.1093/plcell/koab131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Accepted: 05/06/2021] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Increasing evidence suggests that posttranscriptional regulation is a key player in the transition between mature pollen and the progamic phase (from pollination to fertilization). Nonetheless, the actors in this messenger RNA (mRNA)-based gene expression reprogramming are poorly understood. We demonstrate that the evolutionarily conserved RNA-binding protein LARP6C is necessary for the transition from dry pollen to pollen tubes and the guided growth of pollen tubes towards the ovule in Arabidopsis thaliana. In dry pollen, LARP6C binds to transcripts encoding proteins that function in lipid synthesis and homeostasis, vesicular trafficking, and polarized cell growth. LARP6C also forms cytoplasmic granules that contain the poly(A) binding protein and possibly represent storage sites for translationally silent mRNAs. In pollen tubes, the loss of LARP6C negatively affects the quantities and distribution of storage lipids, as well as vesicular trafficking. In Nicotiana benthamiana leaf cells and in planta, analysis of reporter mRNAs designed from the LARP6C target MGD2 provided evidence that LARP6C can shift from a repressor to an activator of translation when the pollen grain enters the progamic phase. We propose that LARP6C orchestrates the timely posttranscriptional regulation of a subset of mRNAs in pollen during the transition from the quiescent to active state and along the progamic phase to promote male fertilization in plants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Elodie Billey
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, UMR5096, CNRS, 66860 Perpignan, France
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, UMR5096, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, 66860 Perpignan, France
| | - Said Hafidh
- Laboratory of Pollen Biology, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 16502 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Isabel Cruz-Gallardo
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Celso G. Litholdo
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, UMR5096, CNRS, 66860 Perpignan, France
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, UMR5096, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, 66860 Perpignan, France
| | - Viviane Jean
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, UMR5096, CNRS, 66860 Perpignan, France
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, UMR5096, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, 66860 Perpignan, France
| | - Marie-Christine Carpentier
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, UMR5096, CNRS, 66860 Perpignan, France
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, UMR5096, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, 66860 Perpignan, France
| | - Claire Picart
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, UMR5096, CNRS, 66860 Perpignan, France
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, UMR5096, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, 66860 Perpignan, France
| | - Vinod Kumar
- Laboratory of Pollen Biology, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 16502 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Katarina Kulichova
- Laboratory of Pollen Biology, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 16502 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Eric Maréchal
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Végétale, UMR 5168 CNRS, CEA, INRAE, Université Grenoble Alpes, IRIG, CEA Grenoble, 38054 Grenoble, France
| | - David Honys
- Laboratory of Pollen Biology, Institute of Experimental Botany of the Czech Academy of Sciences, 16502 Prague 6, Czech Republic
| | - Maria R. Conte
- Randall Centre for Cell and Molecular Biophysics, King's College London, London SE1 1UL, UK
| | - Jean-Marc Deragon
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, UMR5096, CNRS, 66860 Perpignan, France
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, UMR5096, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, 66860 Perpignan, France
- Institut Universitaire de France, 75231 Paris Cedex 5, France
| | - Cécile Bousquet-Antonelli
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, UMR5096, CNRS, 66860 Perpignan, France
- Laboratoire Génome et Développement des Plantes, UMR5096, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, 66860 Perpignan, France
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28
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Phytochemical Profile and Antioxidant Properties of Bee-Collected Artichoke ( Cynara scolymus) Pollen. Antioxidants (Basel) 2021; 10:antiox10071091. [PMID: 34356324 PMCID: PMC8301145 DOI: 10.3390/antiox10071091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2021] [Revised: 07/02/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The current study intended to determine, for the first time, phenolic and fatty acid profile, antioxidant and certain nutritional properties of monofloral bee-collected artichoke (Cynara scolymus) pollen. Based on UHPLC-DAD MS-MS analysis the main phenolics in extractable fraction were different flavonol glycosides (in particular Isorhamnetin-3-O-glucoside, 49.2 mg/kg of dry weight) while ferulic acid was the predominant phenolic compound (39.4 mg/kg of dry weight) in the alkaline hydrolyzable fraction. Among fatty acids (FAs), results of GC-FID analysis revealed prevalence of unsaturated FAs with cis-5,8,11,14,17-eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and oleic acid as the main ones- 28.4% and 24.9%, respectively. Based on the FA composition, nutritional analysis proved that artichoke bee-collected pollen had balanced ω-6 and ω-3 FAs content. To determine the antioxidant properties of pollen, five different assays were applied. It was proved that bioactive compounds in artichoke pollen possessed significant ability to quench DPPH radical as well as ABTS radical cation. In addition, in vitro phosphomolybdenum assay confirmed that artichoke pollen is an excellent source of different antioxidants. Pollen extracts exhibited moderate ferric reducing power as well as low ferrous chelating ability. Some further antioxidant studies (preferably in vivo) should be performed to confirm the observed results.
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Pu X, Dong X, Li Q, Chen Z, Liu L. An update on the function and regulation of methylerythritol phosphate and mevalonate pathways and their evolutionary dynamics. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2021; 63:1211-1226. [PMID: 33538411 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.13076] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/05/2021] [Accepted: 02/02/2021] [Indexed: 05/29/2023]
Abstract
Isoprenoids are among the largest and most chemically diverse classes of organic compounds in nature and are involved in the processes of photosynthesis, respiration, growth, development, and plant responses to stress. The basic building block units for isoprenoid synthesis-isopentenyl diphosphate and its isomer dimethylallyl diphosphate-are generated by the mevalonate (MVA) and methylerythritol phosphate (MEP) pathways. Here, we summarize recent advances on the roles of the MEP and MVA pathways in plant growth, development and stress responses, and attempt to define the underlying gene networks that orchestrate the MEP and MVA pathways in response to developmental or environmental cues. Through phylogenomic analysis, we also provide a new perspective on the evolution of the plant isoprenoid pathway. We conclude that the presence of the MVA pathway in plants may be associated with the transition from aquatic to subaerial and terrestrial environments, as lineages for its core components are absent in green algae. The emergence of the MVA pathway has acted as a key evolutionary event in plants that facilitated land colonization and subsequent embryo development, as well as adaptation to new and varied environments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaojun Pu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 434200, China
- Key Laboratory for Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Xiumei Dong
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 434200, China
- Key Laboratory for Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming, 650201, China
| | - Qing Li
- Key Laboratory for Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming, 650201, China
- School of Life Sciences, Yunnan University, Kunming, 650091, China
| | - Zexi Chen
- Key Laboratory for Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming, 650201, China
- University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Li Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Biocatalysis and Enzyme Engineering, Hubei Collaborative Innovation Center for Green Transformation of Bio-Resources, Hubei Key Laboratory of Industrial Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences, Hubei University, Wuhan, 434200, China
- Key Laboratory for Economic Plants and Biotechnology, Kunming Institute of Botany, the Chinese Academy of Sciences, and Yunnan Key Laboratory for Wild Plant Resources, Kunming, 650201, China
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30
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Bose D, Ngo AH, Nguyen VC, Nakamura Y. Non-specific phospholipases C2 and C6 redundantly function in pollen tube growth via triacylglycerol production in Arabidopsis. THE PLANT JOURNAL : FOR CELL AND MOLECULAR BIOLOGY 2021; 106:409-418. [PMID: 33506578 DOI: 10.1111/tpj.15172] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2020] [Revised: 01/09/2021] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 06/12/2023]
Abstract
Non-specific phospholipase Cs (NPCs) are responsible for membrane lipid remodeling that involves hydrolysis of the polar head group of membrane phospholipids. Arabidopsis NPC2 and NPC6 are essential in gametogenesis, but their underlying role in the lipid remodeling remains elusive. Here, we show that these NPCs are required for triacylglycerol (TAG) production in pollen tube growth. NPC2 and NPC6 are highly expressed in developing pollen tubes and are localized at the endoplasmic reticulum. Mutants of NPC2 and NPC6 showed reduced rate of pollen germination, length of pollen tube and amount of lipid droplets (LDs). Overexpression of NPC2 or NPC6 induced LD accumulation, which suggests that these NPCs are involved in LD production. Furthermore, mutants defective in the biosynthesis of TAG, a major component of LDs, showed defective pollen tube growth. These results suggest that NPC2 and NPC6 are essential in gametogenesis for a role in hydrolyzing phospholipids and producing TAG required for pollen tube growth. Thus, lipid remodeling from phospholipids to TAG during pollen tube growth represents an emerging role for the NPC family in plant developmental control.
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Affiliation(s)
- Debayan Bose
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and National Chung Hsing University, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Anh H Ngo
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
| | - Van C Nguyen
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and National Chung Hsing University, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Graduate Institute of Biotechnology, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
| | - Yuki Nakamura
- Institute of Plant and Microbial Biology, Academia Sinica, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Molecular and Biological Agricultural Sciences Program, Taiwan International Graduate Program, Academia Sinica and National Chung Hsing University, Taipei, 11529, Taiwan
- Biotechnology Center, National Chung Hsing University, Taichung, 402, Taiwan
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Kostić AŽ, Milinčić DD, Stanisavljević NS, Gašić UM, Lević S, Kojić MO, Lj Tešić Ž, Nedović V, Barać MB, Pešić MB. Polyphenol bioaccessibility and antioxidant properties of in vitro digested spray-dried thermally-treated skimmed goat milk enriched with pollen. Food Chem 2021; 351:129310. [PMID: 33640767 DOI: 10.1016/j.foodchem.2021.129310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/24/2020] [Revised: 02/04/2021] [Accepted: 02/04/2021] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
The aim of research was to determine polyphenols bioaccessibility and antioxidant properties of thermally-treated skimmed goat milk enriched with sunflower bee-collected pollen through in vitro digestion. HPLC analysis confirmed that pollen-enriched milk contained flavonols as the main phenolic fraction (80.7-76.2%) followed by phenolic acids (14.2-17.4%). Among individual compounds quercetin-3-O-glucoside (155.1-197.2 μg/L) and p-coumaric acid (29.5-30.7 μg/L) were the main quantified flavonols and phenolic acids, respectively. After digestion of milk/pollen sample, total polyphenols recovery was 30.71% with higher phenolic acids recovery (40.1%) compared to flavonols (28.3%) indicating strong interactions between caprine milk casein micelles and pollen polyphenols. Applied antioxidant assays (phosphomolybdenum, ABTS•+scavenging activity and ferrous-ion-chelating capacity) have confirmed complexity of prepared product- it had high ability to quench ABTS•+ radicals and to form chelating complexes with Fe2+ ions. Digestion provoked 20% reduction in total antioxidant capacity compared to the initial sample. TTSG milk/pollen powder could be good functional ingredient.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aleksandar Ž Kostić
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Chair of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia.
| | - Danijel D Milinčić
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Chair of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Nemanja S Stanisavljević
- University of Belgrade, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, 23,11010 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Uroš M Gašić
- Department of Plant Physiology, Institute for Biological Research "Siniša Stanković", National Institute of Republic of Serbia, University of Belgrade, Bulevar Despota Stefana 142, 11060 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Steva Lević
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Chair of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Milan O Kojić
- University of Belgrade, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, 23,11010 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Živoslav Lj Tešić
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Chemistry, Chair of Analytical Chemistry, Studentski trg 16, 11000 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Viktor Nedović
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Chair of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Miroljub B Barać
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Chair of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mirjana B Pešić
- University of Belgrade, Faculty of Agriculture, Chair of Chemistry and Biochemistry, Nemanjina 6, 11080 Belgrade, Serbia.
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Izquierdo Y, Fernández-Santos R, Cascón T, Castresana C. Lipid Droplet Isolation from Arabidopsis thaliana Leaves. Bio Protoc 2020; 10:e3867. [PMID: 33659507 DOI: 10.21769/bioprotoc.3867] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/17/2020] [Revised: 10/08/2020] [Accepted: 10/16/2020] [Indexed: 11/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are neutral lipid aggregates surrounded by a phospholipid monolayer and specific proteins. In plants, they play a key role as energy source after seed germination, but are also formed in vegetative tissues in response to developmental or environmental conditions, where their functions are poorly understood. To elucidate these, it is essential to isolate LDs with good yields, while retaining their protein components. LD isolation protocols are based on their capacity to float after centrifugation in sucrose gradients. Early strategies using stringent conditions and LD-abundant plant tissues produced pure LDs where core proteins were identified. To identify more weakly bound LD proteins, recent protocols have used low stringency buffers, but carryover contaminants and low yields were often a problem. We have developed a sucrose gradient-based protocol to isolate LDs from Arabidopsis leaves, using Tween-20 and fresh tissue to increase yield. In both healthy and bacterially-infected Arabidopsis leaves, this protocol allowed to identify LD proteins that were later confirmed by microscopy analysis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yovanny Izquierdo
- Department of Plant Molecular Genetics, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Madrid, Spain
| | | | - Tomás Cascón
- Department of Plant Molecular Genetics, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Madrid, Spain
| | - Carmen Castresana
- Department of Plant Molecular Genetics, Centro Nacional de Biotecnología, Madrid, Spain
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Yu H, Zhu Y, Hui A, Wang A. Preparation of porous microspherical adsorbent via pine pollen stabilized O1/W/O2 double emulsion for high-efficient removal of cationic dyes. Colloids Surf A Physicochem Eng Asp 2020. [DOI: 10.1016/j.colsurfa.2020.124997] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/01/2022]
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34
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Wan X, Wu S, Li Z, An X, Tian Y. Lipid Metabolism: Critical Roles in Male Fertility and Other Aspects of Reproductive Development in Plants. MOLECULAR PLANT 2020; 13:955-983. [PMID: 32434071 DOI: 10.1016/j.molp.2020.05.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 89] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/24/2019] [Revised: 01/20/2020] [Accepted: 05/14/2020] [Indexed: 05/18/2023]
Abstract
Fatty acids and their derivatives are essential building blocks for anther cuticle and pollen wall formation. Disruption of lipid metabolism during anther and pollen development often leads to genic male sterility (GMS). To date, many lipid metabolism-related GMS genes that are involved in the formation of anther cuticle, pollen wall, and subcellular organelle membranes in anther wall layers have been identified and characterized. In this review, we summarize recent progress on characterizing lipid metabolism-related genes and their roles in male fertility and other aspects of reproductive development in plants. On the basis of cloned GMS genes controlling biosynthesis and transport of anther cutin, wax, sporopollenin, and tryphine in Arabidopsis, rice, and maize as well as other plant species, updated lipid metabolic networks underlying anther cuticle development and pollen wall formation were proposed. Through bioinformatics analysis of anther RNA-sequencing datasets from three maize inbred lines (Oh43, W23, and B73), a total of 125 novel lipid metabolism-related genes putatively involved in male fertility in maize were deduced. More, we discuss the pathways regulating lipid metabolism-related GMS genes at the transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. Finally, we highlight recent findings on lipid metabolism-related genes and their roles in other aspects of plant reproductive development. A comprehensive understanding of lipid metabolism, genes involved, and their roles in plant reproductive development will facilitate the application of lipid metabolism-related genes in gene editing, haploid and callus induction, molecular breeding and hybrid seed production in crops.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiangyuan Wan
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Biology and Agriculture Research Center, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100024, China; Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing Solidwill Sci-Tech Co. Ltd., Beijing 100192, China.
| | - Suowei Wu
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Biology and Agriculture Research Center, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100024, China; Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing Solidwill Sci-Tech Co. Ltd., Beijing 100192, China
| | - Ziwen Li
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Biology and Agriculture Research Center, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100024, China; Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing Solidwill Sci-Tech Co. Ltd., Beijing 100192, China
| | - Xueli An
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Biology and Agriculture Research Center, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100024, China; Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing Solidwill Sci-Tech Co. Ltd., Beijing 100192, China
| | - Youhui Tian
- Zhongzhi International Institute of Agricultural Biosciences, Biology and Agriculture Research Center, University of Science and Technology Beijing, Beijing 100024, China; Beijing Engineering Laboratory of Main Crop Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base of Bio-Tech Breeding, Beijing Solidwill Sci-Tech Co. Ltd., Beijing 100192, China
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35
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Hernández ML, Lima-Cabello E, Alché JDD, Martínez-Rivas JM, Castro AJ. Lipid Composition and Associated Gene Expression Patterns during Pollen Germination and Pollen Tube Growth in Olive (Olea europaea L.). PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 61:1348-1364. [PMID: 32384163 PMCID: PMC7377348 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcaa063] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2020] [Accepted: 04/30/2020] [Indexed: 05/23/2023]
Abstract
Pollen lipids are essential for sexual reproduction, but our current knowledge regarding lipid dynamics in growing pollen tubes is still very scarce. Here, we report unique lipid composition and associated gene expression patterns during olive pollen germination. Up to 376 genes involved in the biosynthesis of all lipid classes, except suberin, cutin and lipopolysaccharides, are expressed in olive pollen. The fatty acid profile of olive pollen is markedly different compared with other plant organs. Triacylglycerol (TAG), containing mostly C12-C16 saturated fatty acids, constitutes the bulk of olive pollen lipids. These compounds are partially mobilized, and the released fatty acids enter the β-oxidation pathway to yield acetyl-CoA, which is converted into sugars through the glyoxylate cycle during the course of pollen germination. Our data suggest that fatty acids are synthesized de novo and incorporated into glycerolipids by the 'eukaryotic pathway' in elongating pollen tubes. Phosphatidic acid is synthesized de novo in the endomembrane system during pollen germination and seems to have a central role in pollen tube lipid metabolism. The coordinated action of fatty acid desaturases FAD2-3 and FAD3B might explain the increase in linoleic and alpha-linolenic acids observed in germinating pollen. Continuous synthesis of TAG by the action of diacylglycerol acyltransferase 1 (DGAT1) enzyme, but not phosphoplipid:diacylglycerol acyltransferase (PDAT), also seems plausible. All these data allow for a better understanding of lipid metabolism during the olive reproductive process, which can impact, in the future, on the increase in olive fruit yield and, therefore, olive oil production.
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Affiliation(s)
- M Luisa Hernández
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Plant Products, Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC), Seville 41013, Spain
- Departamento de Bioquímica Vegetal y Biología Molecular, Universidad de Sevilla, Avda. Reina Mercedes s/n, Sevilla 41012, Spain
| | - Elena Lima-Cabello
- Plant Reproductive Biology and Advanced Imaging Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Granada 18008, Spain
| | - Juan de D Alché
- Plant Reproductive Biology and Advanced Imaging Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Granada 18008, Spain
| | - José M Martínez-Rivas
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology of Plant Products, Instituto de la Grasa (CSIC), Seville 41013, Spain
| | - Antonio J Castro
- Plant Reproductive Biology and Advanced Imaging Laboratory, Department of Biochemistry, Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants, Estación Experimental del Zaidín (CSIC), Granada 18008, Spain
- Corresponding author: E-mail, ; Fax, +34-958-181609
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36
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Fernández-Santos R, Izquierdo Y, López A, Muñiz L, Martínez M, Cascón T, Hamberg M, Castresana C. Protein Profiles of Lipid Droplets during the Hypersensitive Defense Response of Arabidopsis against Pseudomonas Infection. PLANT & CELL PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 61:1144-1157. [PMID: 32219438 DOI: 10.1093/pcp/pcaa041] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Accepted: 03/19/2020] [Indexed: 05/04/2023]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) have classically been viewed as seed storage particles, yet they are now emerging as dynamic organelles associated with developmental and stress responses. Nevertheless, their involvement in plant immunity has still been little studied. Here, we found LD accumulation in Arabidopsis thaliana leaves that induced a hypersensitive response (HR) after Pseudomonas infection. We established a protocol to reproducibly isolate LDs and to analyze their protein content. The expression of GFP fusion proteins in Nicotiana benthamiana and in transgenic Arabidopsis lines validated the LD localization of glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferase 4 (GPAT4) and 8 (GPAT8), required for cutin biosynthesis. Similarly, we showed LD localization of α-dioxygenase1 (α-DOX1) and caleosin3 (CLO3), involved in the synthesis of fatty acid derivatives, and that of phytoalexin-deficient 3 (PAD3), which is involved in camalexin synthesis. We found evidence suggesting the existence of different populations of LDs, with varying protein contents and distributions. GPAT4 and GPAT8 were associated with LDs inside stomata and surrounding cells of untreated leaves, yet they were mainly confined to LDs in guard cells after bacterial inoculation. By contrast, α-DOX1 and PAD3 were associated with LDs in the epidermal cells of HR-responding leaves, with PAD3 mostly restricted to cells near dead tissue, while CLO3 had a more ubiquitous distribution. As such, the nature of the proteins identified, together with the phenotypic examination of selected mutants, suggests that LDs participate in lipid changes and in the production and transport of defense components affecting the interaction of plants with invading pathogens.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yovanny Izquierdo
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Darwin 3, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Ana López
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Darwin 3, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Luis Muñiz
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Darwin 3, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Marta Martínez
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Darwin 3, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Tomás Cascón
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Darwin 3, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
| | - Mats Hamberg
- Division of Physiological Chemistry II, Department of Medical Biochemistry and Biophysics, Karolinska Institutet, S-171 77 Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Carmen Castresana
- Centro Nacional de Biotecnología (CNB-CSIC), Darwin 3, E-28049 Madrid, Spain
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37
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Ricigliano VA. Microalgae as a promising and sustainable nutrition source for managed honey bees. ARCHIVES OF INSECT BIOCHEMISTRY AND PHYSIOLOGY 2020; 104:e21658. [PMID: 31976574 DOI: 10.1002/arch.21658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
Managed honey bee colony losses are attributed to a number of interacting stressors, but many lines of evidence point to malnutrition as a primary factor. Commercial beekeepers have become increasingly reliant on artificial pollen substitute diets to nourish colonies during periods of forage scarcity and to bolster colony size before pollination services. These artificial diets may be deficient in essential macronutrients (proteins, lipids, prebiotic fibers), micronutrients (vitamins, minerals), and antioxidants. Therefore, improving the efficacy of pollen substitutes can be considered vital to modern beekeeping. Microalgae are prolific sources of plant-based nutrition with many species exhibiting biochemical profiles that are comparable to natural pollen. This emerging feed source has been employed in a variety of organisms, including limited applications in honey bees. Herein, I introduce the nutritional value and functional properties of microalgae, extrapolating to central aspects of honey bee physiology and health. To conclude, I discuss the potential of microalgae-based feeds to sustainably provision managed colonies on an agricultural scale.
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Affiliation(s)
- Vincent A Ricigliano
- Honey Bee Breeding, Genetics and Physiology Research, USDA-ARS, Baton Rouge, Louisiana
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38
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Shi H, Yu Y, Gu R, Feng C, Fu Y, Yu X, Yuan J, Sun Q, Ke Y. Male sterile 305 Mutation Leads the Misregulation of Anther Cuticle Formation by Disrupting Lipid Metabolism in Maize. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21072500. [PMID: 32260292 PMCID: PMC7177535 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21072500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/29/2020] [Revised: 03/22/2020] [Accepted: 04/01/2020] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
The anther cuticle, which is mainly composed of lipid polymers, functions as physical barriers to protect genetic material intact; however, the mechanism of lipid biosynthesis in maize (Zea mays. L.) anther remains unclear. Herein, we report a male sterile mutant, male sterile 305 (ms305), in maize. It was shown that the mutant displayed a defective anther tapetum development and premature microspore degradation. Three pathways that are associated with the development of male sterile, including phenylpropanoid biosynthesis, biosynthesis of secondary metabolites, as well as cutin, suberine, and wax biosynthesis, were identified by transcriptome analysis. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry disclosed that the content of cutin in ms305 anther was significantly lower than that of fertile siblings during the abortion stage, so did the total fatty acids, which indicated that ms305 mutation might lead to blocked synthesis of cutin and fatty acids in anther. Lipidome analysis uncovered that the content of phosphatidylcholine, phosphatidylserine, diacylglycerol, monogalactosyldiacylglycerol, and digalactosyldiacylglycerol in ms305 anther was significantly lower when compared with its fertile siblings, which suggested that ms305 mutation disrupted lipid synthesis. In conclusion, our findings indicated that ms305 might affect anther cuticle and microspore development by regulating the temporal progression of the lipidome in maize.
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Affiliation(s)
- Haichun Shi
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (H.S.); (R.G.); (X.Y.); (J.Y.)
- Sichuan Nongda Zhenghong Bio. Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610213, China
| | - Yang Yu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education; College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China; (Y.Y.); (C.F.); (Y.F.); (Q.S.)
| | - Ronghuan Gu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (H.S.); (R.G.); (X.Y.); (J.Y.)
| | - Chenxi Feng
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education; College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China; (Y.Y.); (C.F.); (Y.F.); (Q.S.)
| | - Yu Fu
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education; College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China; (Y.Y.); (C.F.); (Y.F.); (Q.S.)
| | - Xuejie Yu
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (H.S.); (R.G.); (X.Y.); (J.Y.)
- Sichuan Nongda Zhenghong Bio. Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610213, China
| | - Jichao Yuan
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (H.S.); (R.G.); (X.Y.); (J.Y.)
- Sichuan Nongda Zhenghong Bio. Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610213, China
| | - Qun Sun
- Key Laboratory of Bio-resources and Eco-environment, Ministry of Education; College of Life Sciences, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610064, China; (Y.Y.); (C.F.); (Y.F.); (Q.S.)
| | - Yongpei Ke
- College of Agronomy, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu 611130, China; (H.S.); (R.G.); (X.Y.); (J.Y.)
- Sichuan Nongda Zhenghong Bio. Co., Ltd., Chengdu 610213, China
- Correspondence:
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39
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Ischebeck T, Krawczyk HE, Mullen RT, Dyer JM, Chapman KD. Lipid droplets in plants and algae: Distribution, formation, turnover and function. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2020; 108:82-93. [PMID: 32147380 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2020.02.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2019] [Revised: 01/28/2020] [Accepted: 02/29/2020] [Indexed: 01/02/2023]
Abstract
Plant oils represent an energy-rich and carbon-dense group of hydrophobic compounds. These oils are not only of economic interest, but also play important, fundamental roles in plant and algal growth and development. The subcellular storage compartments of plant lipids, referred to as lipid droplets (LDs), have long been considered relatively inert oil vessels. However, research in the last decade has revealed that LDs play far more dynamic roles in plant biology than previously appreciated, including transient neutral lipid storage, membrane remodeling, lipid signaling, and stress responses. Here we discuss recent developments in the understanding of LD formation, turnover and function in land plants and algae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Till Ischebeck
- University of Göttingen, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Department of Plant Biochemistry, 37077, Göttingen, Germany.
| | - Hannah E Krawczyk
- University of Göttingen, Albrecht-von-Haller-Institute for Plant Sciences and Göttingen Center for Molecular Biosciences (GZMB), Department of Plant Biochemistry, 37077, Göttingen, Germany
| | - Robert T Mullen
- University of Guelph, Department of Molecular Cell Biology, Guelph, Ontario, N1G 2W1, Canada
| | - John M Dyer
- United States Department of Agriculture, Agriculture Research Service, US Arid-Land Agricultural Research Center, Maricopa, AZ, 85138, USA
| | - Kent D Chapman
- University of North Texas, BioDiscovery Institute, Department of Biological Sciences, Denton, TX, 76203, USA
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40
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Wada H, Hatakeyama Y, Nakashima T, Nonami H, Erra-Balsells R, Hakata M, Nakata K, Hiraoka K, Onda Y, Nakano H. On-site single pollen metabolomics reveals varietal differences in phosphatidylinositol synthesis under heat stress conditions in rice. Sci Rep 2020; 10:2013. [PMID: 32029818 PMCID: PMC7005239 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-58869-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Although a loss of healthy pollen grains induced by metabolic heat responses has been indicated to be a major cause of heat-induced spikelet sterility under global climate change, to date detailed information at pollen level has been lacking due to the technical limitations. In this study, we used picolitre pressure-probe-electrospray-ionization mass spectrometry (picoPPESI-MS) to directly determine the metabolites in heat-treated single mature pollen grains in two cultivars, heat-tolerant cultivar, N22 and heat-sensitive cultivar, Koshihikari. Heat-induced spikelet fertility in N22 and Koshihikari was 90.0% and 46.8%, respectively. While no treatment difference in in vitro pollen viability was observed in each cultivar, contrasting varietal differences in phosphatidylinositol (PI)(34:3) have been detected in mature pollen, together with other 106 metabolites. Greater PI content was detected in N22 pollen regardless of the treatment, but not for Koshihikari pollen. In contrast, there was little detection for phosphoinositide in the single mature pollen grains in both cultivars. Our findings indicate that picoPPESI-MS analysis can efficiently identify the metabolites in intact single pollen. Since PI is a precursor of phosphoinositide that induces multiple signaling for pollen germination and tube growth, the active synthesis of PI(34:3) prior to germination may be closely associated with sustaining spikelet fertility even at high temperatures.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hiroshi Wada
- Kyushu Okinawa Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 496 Izumi, Chikugo, Fukuoka, 833-0041, Japan.
| | - Yuto Hatakeyama
- Kyushu Okinawa Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 496 Izumi, Chikugo, Fukuoka, 833-0041, Japan
| | - Taiken Nakashima
- Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Kita-9 Nishi-9, Kita-Ku, Sapporo, 060-8589, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nonami
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, 790-8566, Japan
| | - Rosa Erra-Balsells
- Department of Organic Chemistry, University of Buenos Aires, Buenos Aires, 1428, Argentina
| | - Makoto Hakata
- Kyushu Okinawa Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 496 Izumi, Chikugo, Fukuoka, 833-0041, Japan
| | - Keisuke Nakata
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, 790-8566, Japan
| | - Kenzo Hiraoka
- Clean Energy Research Center, The University of Yamanashi, 4-3-11 Takeda, Kofu, Yamanashi, 400-8511, Japan
| | - Yayoi Onda
- Graduate School of Agriculture, Ehime University, 3-5-7 Tarumi, Matsuyama, 790-8566, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Nakano
- Kyushu Okinawa Agricultural Research Center, National Agriculture and Food Research Organization, 496 Izumi, Chikugo, Fukuoka, 833-0041, Japan
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41
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Coulon D, Brocard L, Tuphile K, Bréhélin C. Arabidopsis LDIP protein locates at a confined area within the lipid droplet surface and favors lipid droplet formation. Biochimie 2020; 169:29-40. [PMID: 31568826 DOI: 10.1016/j.biochi.2019.09.018] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2019] [Accepted: 09/25/2019] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Lipid droplets (LDs) are cell organelles specialized in neutral lipid storage. Extendedly studied in seeds, LDs also accumulate in leaves during senescence or in response to abiotic stresses. However the mechanisms underlying their biogenesis remain relatively unknown. Here, we deciphered the distinct roles of two proteins during LD biogenesis: LD-associated protein 1 (AtLDAP1) and LDAP-interacting protein (AtLDIP). We demonstrated that AtLDIP overexpression favors the neo-formation of small LDs under growing conditions where LD accumulation is usually not observed. In addition, atldip knock-out mutant displayed fewer but larger LDs, confirming a role of AtLDIP in LD biogenesis. Interestingly, a synergistic effect of the overexpression of both AtLDIP and AtLDAP1 was observed, resulting in an increase of LD cluster occurrence and LD abundance within the clusters and the cells. AtLDIP overexpression has no significant impact on triacylglycerol and steryl ester accumulation but AtLDIP inactivation is associated with an increase of neutral lipid content, that is probably a consequence of the enlarged but less abundant LDs present in this line. Our localization study demonstrated that AtLDIP is localized at specific dotted sites within the LD in contrast to AtLDAP1 that covers the whole LD. In addition, AtLDIP sometimes localized away from the LD marker, but always associated with the ER network, suggesting a location at LD nascent sites within the ER. Taken together, our results suggested that AtLDIP promotes the formation of new LDs from ER localized TAG lenses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Denis Coulon
- Université de Bordeaux, Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, UMR5200, Villenave d'Ornon, F-33140, France; CNRS, Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, UMR5200, Villenave d'Ornon, F-33140, France; Bordeaux INP, Talence, France
| | - Lysiane Brocard
- Plant Imaging Platform, Bordeaux Imaging Center, UMS 3420, CNRS, Université de Bordeaux, Bordeaux, F-33000, France
| | - Karine Tuphile
- Université de Bordeaux, Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, UMR5200, Villenave d'Ornon, F-33140, France; CNRS, Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, UMR5200, Villenave d'Ornon, F-33140, France
| | - Claire Bréhélin
- Université de Bordeaux, Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, UMR5200, Villenave d'Ornon, F-33140, France; CNRS, Laboratoire de Biogenèse Membranaire, UMR5200, Villenave d'Ornon, F-33140, France.
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42
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Impe D, Reitz J, Köpnick C, Rolletschek H, Börner A, Senula A, Nagel M. Assessment of Pollen Viability for Wheat. FRONTIERS IN PLANT SCIENCE 2020; 10:1588. [PMID: 32038666 PMCID: PMC6987437 DOI: 10.3389/fpls.2019.01588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/12/2019] [Indexed: 05/15/2023]
Abstract
Wheat sheds tricellular short-lived pollen at maturity. The identification of viable pollen required for high seed set is important for breeders and conservators. The present study aims to evaluate and improve pollen viability tests and to identify factors influencing viability of pollen. In fresh wheat pollen, sucrose was the most abundant soluble sugar (90%). Raffinose was present in minor amounts. However, the analyses of pollen tube growth on 112 liquid and 45 solid media revealed that solid medium with 594 mM raffinose, 0.81 mM H3BO3, 2.04 mM CaCl2 at pH5.8 showed highest pollen germination. Partly or complete substitution of raffinose by sucrose, maltose, or sorbitol reduced in vitro germination of the pollen assuming a higher metabolic efficiency or antioxidant activity of raffinose. In vitro pollen germination varied between 26 lines (P < 0.001); between winter (15.3 ± 8.5%) and spring types (30.2 ± 13.3%) and was highest for the spring wheat TRI 2443 (50.1 ± 20.0%). Alexander staining failed to discriminate between viable, fresh pollen, and non-viable pollen inactivated by ambient storage for >60 min. Viability of fresh wheat pollen assessed by fluorescein diacetate (FDA) staining and impedance flow (IF) cytometry was 79.2 ± 4.2% and 88.1 ± 2.7%, respectively; and, when non-viable, stored pollen was additionally tested, it correlated at r = 0.54 (P < 0.05) and r = 0.67 (P < 0.001) with in vitro germination, respectively. When fresh pollen was used to assess the pollen viability of 19 wheat, 25 rye, 11 barley, and 4 maize lines, correlations were absent and in vitro germination was lower for rye (11.7 ± 8.5%), barley (6.8 ± 4.3%), and maize (2.1 ± 1.8%) pollen compared to wheat. Concluding, FDA staining and IF cytometry are used for a range of pollen species, whereas media for in vitro pollen germination require specific adaptations; in wheat, a solid medium with raffinose was chosen. On adapted media, the pollen tube growth can be exactly analyzed whereas results achieved by FDA staining and IF cytometry are higher and may overestimate pollen tube growth. Hence, as the exact viability and fertilization potential of a larger pollen batch remains elusive, a combination of pollen viability tests may provide reasonable indications of the ability of pollen to germinate and grow.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniela Impe
- Genebank Department, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Seeland, Germany
| | - Janka Reitz
- Genebank Department, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Seeland, Germany
| | - Claudia Köpnick
- Genebank Department, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Seeland, Germany
| | - Hardy Rolletschek
- Department of Molecular Genetics, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Seeland, Germany
| | - Andreas Börner
- Genebank Department, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Seeland, Germany
| | - Angelika Senula
- Genebank Department, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Seeland, Germany
| | - Manuela Nagel
- Genebank Department, Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research (IPK), Seeland, Germany
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43
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Dahl Å. Pollen Lipids Can Play a Role in Allergic Airway Inflammation. Front Immunol 2018; 9:2816. [PMID: 30619246 PMCID: PMC6297749 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2018.02816] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/14/2018] [Indexed: 01/17/2023] Open
Abstract
In seed plants, pollen grains carry the male gametes to female structures. They are frequent in the ambient air, and cause airway inflammation in one out of four persons in the population. This was traditionally attributed to soluble glycoproteins, leaking into the nasal mucosa or the conjunctiva, and able to bind antibodies. It is now more and more recognized that also other immunomodulating compounds are present. Lipids bind to Toll-like and PPARγ receptors belonging to antigen-presenting cells in the mammal immune system, activate invariant Natural Killer T-cells, and are able to induce a Type 2 reaction in effector cells. They may also mimic lipid mediators from mammal mast cells. Pollen grains have a rich lipodome of their own. Among the lipids that have been associated with an atopic reaction are saturated and unsaturated fatty acids, glycophospholipids, sphingolipids, sterols, and oxylipids, as well as lipopolysaccharides from the microbiome on the pollen surface. Lipids can be ligands to allergenic proteins.
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Affiliation(s)
- Åslög Dahl
- Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences, University of Gothenburg, Gothenburg, Sweden
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44
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Lipchinsky A. Electromechanics of polarized cell growth. Biosystems 2018; 173:114-132. [PMID: 30300677 DOI: 10.1016/j.biosystems.2018.10.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/15/2018] [Revised: 09/30/2018] [Accepted: 10/04/2018] [Indexed: 10/28/2022]
Abstract
One of the most challenging questions in cell and developmental biology is how molecular signals are translated into mechanical forces that ultimately drive cell growth and motility. Despite an impressive body of literature demonstrating the importance of cytoskeletal and motor proteins as well as osmotic stresses for cell developmental mechanics, a host of dissenting evidence strongly suggests that these factors per se cannot explain growth mechanics even at the level of a single tip-growing cell. The present study addresses this issue by exploring fundamental interrelations between electrical and mechanical fields operating in cells. In the first instance, we employ a simplified but instructive model of a quiescent cell to demonstrate that even in a quasi-equilibrium state, ion transport processes are conditioned principally by mechanical tenets. Then we inquire into the electromechanical conjugacy in growing pollen tubes as biologically relevant and physically tractable developmental systems owing to their extensively characterized growth-associated ionic fluxes and strikingly polarized growth and morphology. A comprehensive analysis of the multifold stress pattern in the growing apices of pollen tubes suggests that tip-focused ionic fluxes passing through the polyelectrolyte-rich apical cytoplasm give rise to electrokinetic flows that actualize otherwise isotropic intracellular turgor into anisotropic stress field. The stress anisotropy can be then imparted from the apical cytoplasm to the abutting frontal cell wall to induce its local extension and directional cell growth. Converging lines of evidence explored in the concluding sections attest that tip-focused ionic fluxes and associated interfacial transport phenomena are not specific for pollen tubes but are also employed by a vast variety of algal, plant, fungal and animal cells, rendering their cytoplasmic stress fields essentially anisotropic and ultimately instrumental in cell shaping, growth and motility.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrei Lipchinsky
- Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry, St. Petersburg State University, 7/9 Universitetskaya nab., St. Petersburg, 199034, Russia.
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45
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Barkla BJ, Garibay-Hernández A, Melzer M, Rupasinghe TWT, Roessner U. Single cell-type analysis of cellular lipid remodelling in response to salinity in the epidermal bladder cells of the model halophyte Mesembryanthemum crystallinum. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2018; 41:2390-2403. [PMID: 29813189 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2018] [Revised: 05/22/2018] [Accepted: 05/22/2018] [Indexed: 05/26/2023]
Abstract
Salt stress causes dramatic changes in the organization and dynamic properties of membranes, however, little is known about the underlying mechanisms involved. Modified trichomes, known as epidermal bladder cells (EBC), on the leaves and stems of the halophyte Mesembryanthemum crystallinum can be successfully exploited as a single-cell-type system to investigate salt-induced changes to cellular lipid composition. In this study, alterations in key molecular species from different lipid classes highlighted an increase in phospholipid species, particularly those from phosphatidylcholine and phosphatidic acid (PA), where the latter is central to the synthesis of membrane lipids. Triacylglycerol (TG) species decreased during salinity, while there was little change in plastidic galactolipids. EBC transcriptomic and proteomic data mining revealed changes in genes and proteins involved in lipid metabolism and the upregulation of transcripts for PIPKIB, PI5PII, PIPKIII, and phospholipase D delta suggested the induction of signalling processes mediated by phosphoinositides and PA. TEM and flow cytometry showed the dynamic nature of lipid droplets in these cells under salt stress. Altogether, this work indicates that the metabolism of TG might play an important role in EBC response to salinity as either an energy reserve for sodium accumulation and/or driving membrane biosynthesis for EBC expansion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bronwyn J Barkla
- Southern Cross Plant Science, Southern Cross University, Lismore, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Adriana Garibay-Hernández
- Instituto de Biotecnología, UNAM, Cuernavaca, Morelos, Mexico
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Seeland, Germany
| | - Michael Melzer
- Leibniz Institute of Plant Genetics and Crop Plant Research, Seeland, Germany
| | - Thusitha W T Rupasinghe
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Metabolomics Australia, School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
| | - Ute Roessner
- School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
- Metabolomics Australia, School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria, Australia
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46
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Sturgill JL. Sphingolipids and their enigmatic role in asthma. Adv Biol Regul 2018; 70:74-81. [PMID: 30197277 PMCID: PMC6560640 DOI: 10.1016/j.jbior.2018.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2018] [Accepted: 09/04/2018] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
Asthma is defined as a chronic inflammatory condition in the lung and is characterized by episodic shortness of breath with expiratory wheezing and cough. Asthma is a serious public health concern globally with an estimated incidence over 300 million. Asthma is a complex disease in that it manifests as disease of gene and environmental interactions. Sphingolipids are a unique class of lipids involved in a host of biological functions ranging from serving as key cellular membrane lipids to acting as critical signaling molecules. To date sphingolipids have been studied across various human conditions ranging from neurological disorders to cancer to infection to autoimmunity. This review will focus on the role of sphingolipids in asthma development and pathology with particular focus on the role of mast cell sphingolipid biology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jamie L Sturgill
- University of Kentucky, Department of Internal Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Critical Care, & Sleep Medicine, 740 South Limestone St, Lexington, KY 40536, United States.
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47
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Yeats TH, Bacic A, Johnson KL. Plant glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchored proteins at the plasma membrane-cell wall nexus. JOURNAL OF INTEGRATIVE PLANT BIOLOGY 2018; 60:649-669. [PMID: 29667761 DOI: 10.1111/jipb.12659] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/27/2018] [Accepted: 04/16/2018] [Indexed: 05/17/2023]
Abstract
Approximately 1% of plant proteins are predicted to be post-translationally modified with a glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchor that tethers the polypeptide to the outer leaflet of the plasma membrane. Whereas the synthesis and structure of GPI anchors is largely conserved across eukaryotes, the repertoire of functional domains present in the GPI-anchored proteome has diverged substantially. In plants, this includes a large fraction of the GPI-anchored proteome being further modified with plant-specific arabinogalactan (AG) O-glycans. The importance of the GPI-anchored proteome to plant development is underscored by the fact that GPI biosynthetic null mutants exhibit embryo lethality. Mutations in genes encoding specific GPI-anchored proteins (GAPs) further supports their contribution to diverse biological processes, occurring at the interface of the plasma membrane and cell wall, including signaling, cell wall metabolism, cell wall polymer cross-linking, and plasmodesmatal transport. Here, we review the literature concerning plant GPI-anchored proteins, in the context of their potential to act as molecular hubs that mediate interactions between the plasma membrane and the cell wall, and their potential to transduce the signal into the protoplast and, thereby, activate signal transduction pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Trevor H Yeats
- School of Integrated Plant Sciences, Section of Plant Biology, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
- Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health, USDA-ARS, Cornell University, Ithaca, NY 14853, USA
| | - Antony Bacic
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
- La Trobe Institute for Agriculture & Food, Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia
| | - Kim L Johnson
- Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence in Plant Cell Walls, School of BioSciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Victoria 3010, Australia
- La Trobe Institute for Agriculture & Food, Department of Animal, Plant and Soil Sciences, La Trobe University, Bundoora, Victoria 3086, Australia
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48
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Narayanan S, Prasad PV, Welti R. Alterations in wheat pollen lipidome during high day and night temperature stress. PLANT, CELL & ENVIRONMENT 2018; 41:1749-1761. [PMID: 29377219 PMCID: PMC6713575 DOI: 10.1111/pce.13156] [Citation(s) in RCA: 46] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/29/2017] [Revised: 01/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/11/2018] [Indexed: 05/20/2023]
Abstract
Understanding the adaptive changes in wheat pollen lipidome under high temperature (HT) stress is critical to improving seed set and developing HT tolerant wheat varieties. We measured 89 pollen lipid species under optimum and high day and/or night temperatures using electrospray ionization-tandem mass spectrometry in wheat plants. The pollen lipidome had a distinct composition compared with that of leaves. Unlike in leaves, 34:3 and 36:6 species dominated the composition of extraplastidic phospholipids in pollen under optimum and HT conditions. The most HT-responsive lipids were extraplastidic phospholipids, phosphatidylcholine (PC), phosphatidylethanolamine (PE), phosphatidylinositol, phosphatidic acid, and phosphatidylserine. The unsaturation levels of the extraplastidic phospholipids decreased through the decreases in the levels of 18:3 and increases in the levels of 16:0, 18:0, 18:1, and 18:2 acyl chains. PC and PE were negatively correlated. Higher PC:PE at HT indicated possible PE-to-PC conversion, lower PE formation, or increased PE degradation, relative to PC. Correlation analysis revealed lipids experiencing coordinated metabolism under HT and confirmed the HT responsiveness of extraplastidic phospholipids. Comparison of the present results on wheat pollen with results of our previous research on wheat leaves suggests that similar lipid changes contribute to HT adaptation in both leaves and pollen, though the lipidomes have inherently distinct compositions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sruthi Narayanan
- Department of Agronomy, 2004 Throckmorton Plant Sciences Center, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
- Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences, 212 Biosystems Research Complex, Clemson University, Clemson, SC 29634, USA
| | - P.V. Vara Prasad
- Department of Agronomy, 2004 Throckmorton Plant Sciences Center, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
| | - Ruth Welti
- Kansas Lipidomics Research Center, Division of Biology, Kansas State University, Manhattan, KS 66506, USA
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49
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Jayawardhane KN, Singer SD, Weselake RJ, Chen G. Plant sn-Glycerol-3-Phosphate Acyltransferases: Biocatalysts Involved in the Biosynthesis of Intracellular and Extracellular Lipids. Lipids 2018; 53:469-480. [PMID: 29989678 DOI: 10.1002/lipd.12049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/22/2018] [Revised: 05/15/2018] [Accepted: 05/18/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Acyl-lipids such as intracellular phospholipids, galactolipids, sphingolipids, and surface lipids play a crucial role in plant cells by serving as major components of cellular membranes, seed storage oils, and extracellular lipids such as cutin and suberin. Plant lipids are also widely used to make food, renewable biomaterials, and fuels. As such, enormous efforts have been made to uncover the specific roles of different genes and enzymes involved in lipid biosynthetic pathways over the last few decades. sn-Glycerol-3-phosphate acyltransferases (GPAT) are a group of important enzymes catalyzing the acylation of sn-glycerol-3-phosphate at the sn-1 or sn-2 position to produce lysophosphatidic acids. This reaction constitutes the first step of storage-lipid assembly and is also important in polar- and extracellular-lipid biosynthesis. Ten GPAT have been identified in Arabidopsis, and many homologs have also been reported in other plant species. These enzymes differentially localize to plastids, mitochondria, and the endoplasmic reticulum, where they have different biological functions, resulting in distinct metabolic fate(s) for lysophosphatidic acid. Although studies in recent years have led to new discoveries about plant GPAT, many gaps still exist in our understanding of this group of enzymes. In this article, we highlight current biochemical and molecular knowledge regarding plant GPAT, and also discuss deficiencies in our understanding of their functions in the context of plant acyl-lipid biosynthesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kethmi N Jayawardhane
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, 116 St & 85 Ave, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Stacy D Singer
- Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lethbridge Research and Development Centre, 5403 - 1st Avenue South, Lethbridge, Alberta, T1J 4B1, Canada
| | - Randall J Weselake
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, 116 St & 85 Ave, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2P5, Canada
| | - Guanqun Chen
- Department of Agricultural, Food and Nutritional Science, University of Alberta, 116 St & 85 Ave, Edmonton, Alberta, T6G 2P5, Canada
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50
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Li HJ, Meng JG, Yang WC. Multilayered signaling pathways for pollen tube growth and guidance. PLANT REPRODUCTION 2018; 31:31-41. [PMID: 29441420 DOI: 10.1007/s00497-018-0324-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/07/2017] [Accepted: 01/24/2018] [Indexed: 05/22/2023]
Abstract
Sexual reproductive success is essential for the survival of all higher organisms. As the most prosperous and diverse group of land plants on earth, flowering plants evolved highly sophisticated fertilization mechanisms. To adapt to the terrestrial environment, a tubular structure pollen tube has been evolved to deliver the immobile sperm cells to the egg and central cell enclosed within the ovule. The pollen tube is generated from the vegetative cell of the pollen (male gametophyte), where two sperm cells are hosted. Pollen tube elongation in the maternal tissue and navigation to the ovule require intimate cell-cell interactions between the tube and female tissues. Questions on how the single-celled pollen tube accomplishes such task and how the female tissues accommodate the tube have attracted many plant biologists. Here, we review recent progresses and concepts in understanding the molecular mechanisms governing pollen tube growth and its interactions with the female tissues. We will also discuss the future perspective in this field.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hong-Ju Li
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, East Lincui Road, Beijing, 100101, China.
- The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China.
| | - Jiang-Guo Meng
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, East Lincui Road, Beijing, 100101, China
- The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China
| | - Wei-Cai Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, East Lincui Road, Beijing, 100101, China.
- The University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 19 Yuquan Road, Beijing, 100049, China.
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