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Yonemoto E, Ihara R, Tanaka E, Mitani T. Cocoa extract induces browning of white adipocytes and improves glucose intolerance in mice fed a high-fat diet. Biosci Biotechnol Biochem 2024; 88:1188-1198. [PMID: 39025807 DOI: 10.1093/bbb/zbae105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2024] [Accepted: 07/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/20/2024]
Abstract
Cocoa extract (CE) offers several health benefits, such as antiobesity and improved glucose intolerance. However, the mechanisms remain unclear. Adipose tissue includes white adipose tissue (WAT) and brown adipose tissue. Brown adipose tissue leads to body fat reduction by metabolizing lipids to heat via uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1). The conversion of white adipocytes into brown-like adipocytes (beige adipocytes) is called browning, and it contributes to the anti-obesity effect and improved glucose tolerance. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of CE on glucose tolerance in terms of browning. We found that dietary supplementation with CE improved glucose intolerance in mice fed a high-fat diet, and it increased the expression levels of Ucp1 and browning-associated gene in inguinal WAT. Furthermore, in primary adipocytes of mice, CE induced Ucp1 expression through β3-adrenergic receptor stimulation. These results suggest that dietary CE improves glucose intolerance by inducing browning in WAT.
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MESH Headings
- Animals
- Diet, High-Fat/adverse effects
- Glucose Intolerance/drug therapy
- Glucose Intolerance/metabolism
- Cacao/chemistry
- Plant Extracts/pharmacology
- Mice
- Uncoupling Protein 1/metabolism
- Uncoupling Protein 1/genetics
- Male
- Adipocytes, White/drug effects
- Adipocytes, White/metabolism
- Mice, Inbred C57BL
- Adipose Tissue, White/drug effects
- Adipose Tissue, White/metabolism
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-3/metabolism
- Receptors, Adrenergic, beta-3/genetics
- Adipose Tissue, Brown/drug effects
- Adipose Tissue, Brown/metabolism
- Adipocytes, Brown/drug effects
- Adipocytes, Brown/metabolism
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Affiliation(s)
- Eito Yonemoto
- D ivision of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduated School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Kamiina, Nagano, Japan
| | - Risa Ihara
- Department of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University, Kamiina, Nagano, Japan
| | - Emi Tanaka
- D ivision of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduated School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Kamiina, Nagano, Japan
| | - Takakazu Mitani
- D ivision of Food Science and Biotechnology, Graduated School of Science and Technology, Shinshu University, Kamiina, Nagano, Japan
- Department of Agricultural and Life Sciences, Faculty of Agriculture, Shinshu University, Kamiina, Nagano, Japan
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2
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Traynor S, Bhattacharya S, Batmanov K, Cheng L, Weller A, Moore N, Flesher C, Merrick D. Developmental regulation of dermal adipose tissue by BCL11b. Genes Dev 2024; 38:772-783. [PMID: 39266447 PMCID: PMC11444185 DOI: 10.1101/gad.351907.124] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 08/28/2024] [Indexed: 09/14/2024]
Abstract
The distinct anatomic environment in which adipose tissues arise during organogenesis is a principle determinant of their adult expansion capacity. Metabolic disease results from a deficiency in hyperplastic adipose expansion within the dermal/subcutaneous depot; thus, understanding the embryonic origins of dermal adipose is imperative. Using single-cell transcriptomics throughout murine embryogenesis, we characterized cell populations, including Bcl11b + cells, that regulate the development of dermal white adipose tissue (dWAT). We discovered that BCL11b expression modulates the Wnt signaling microenvironment to enable adipogenic differentiation in the dermal compartment. Subcutaneous and visceral adipose arises from a distinct population of Nefl + cells during embryonic organogenesis, whereas Pi16 + /Dpp4 + fibroadipogenic progenitors support obesity-stimulated hypertrophic expansion in the adult. Together, these results highlight the unique regulatory pathways used by anatomically distinct adipose depots, with important implications for human metabolic disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sarah Traynor
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Institute for Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Shashwati Bhattacharya
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Institute for Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Kirill Batmanov
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Institute for Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Lan Cheng
- Institute for Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Angela Weller
- Institute for Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Department of Cell and Developmental Biology, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Natalie Moore
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Institute for Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - Carmen Flesher
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
- Institute for Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
| | - David Merrick
- Department of Medicine, Division of Endocrinology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA;
- Institute for Diabetes Obesity and Metabolism, Perelman School of Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, Pennsylvania 19104, USA
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3
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Choi JW, Park GH, Choi HJ, Lee JW, Kwon HY, Choi MY, Jeong JB. Anti‑obesity and immunostimulatory activity of Chrysosplenium flagelliferum in mouse preadipocytes 3T3‑L1 cells and mouse macrophage RAW264.7 cells. Exp Ther Med 2024; 28:315. [PMID: 38911047 PMCID: PMC11190883 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2024.12604] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Accepted: 05/22/2024] [Indexed: 06/25/2024] Open
Abstract
Chrysosplenium flagelliferum (CF) is known for its anti-inflammatory, antioxidant and antibacterial activities. However, there is a lack of research on its other pharmacological properties. In the present study, the bifunctional roles of CF in 3T3-L1 and RAW264.7 cells were investigated, focusing on its anti-obesity and immunostimulatory effects. In 3T3-L1 cells, CF effectively mitigated the accumulation of lipid droplets and triacylglycerol. Additionally, CF downregulated the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ and CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein α protein levels; however, this effect was impeded by the knockdown of β-catenin using β-catenin-specific small interfering RNA. Consequently, CF-mediated inhibition of lipid accumulation was also decreased. CF increased the protein levels of adipose triglyceride lipase and phosphorylated hormone-sensitive lipase, while decreasing those of perilipin-1. Moreover, CF elevated the protein levels of phosphorylated AMP-activated protein kinase and PPARγ coactivator 1-α. In RAW264.7 cells, CF enhanced the production of pro-inflammatory mediators, such as nitric oxide (NO), inducible NO synthase, interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α, and increased their phagocytic capacities. Inhibition of Toll-like receptor (TLR)-4 significantly reduced the effects of CF on the production of pro-inflammatory mediators and phagocytosis, indicating its crucial role in facilitating these effects. CF-induced increase in the production of pro-inflammatory mediators was controlled by the activation of c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) and nuclear factor (NF)-κB pathways, and TLR4 inhibition attenuated the phosphorylation of these kinases. The results of the pesent study suggested that CF inhibits lipid accumulation by suppressing adipogenesis and inducing lipolysis and thermogenesis in 3T3-L1 cells, while stimulating macrophage activation via the activation of JNK and NF-κB signaling pathways mediated by TLR4 in RAW264.7 cells. Therefore, CF simultaneously exerts both anti-obesity and immunostimulatory effects.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jeong Won Choi
- Department of Forest Science, Andong National University, Andong, Gyeongsangbuk 36729, Republic of Korea
| | - Gwang Hun Park
- Forest Medicinal Resources Research Center, National Institute of Forest Science, Yeongju, Gyeongsangbuk 36040, Republic of Korea
| | - Hyeok Jin Choi
- Department of Forest Science, Andong National University, Andong, Gyeongsangbuk 36729, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae Won Lee
- Department of Forest Science, Andong National University, Andong, Gyeongsangbuk 36729, Republic of Korea
| | - Hae-Yun Kwon
- Forest Medicinal Resources Research Center, National Institute of Forest Science, Yeongju, Gyeongsangbuk 36040, Republic of Korea
| | - Min Yeong Choi
- Forest Medicinal Resources Research Center, National Institute of Forest Science, Yeongju, Gyeongsangbuk 36040, Republic of Korea
| | - Jin Boo Jeong
- Department of Forest Science, Andong National University, Andong, Gyeongsangbuk 36729, Republic of Korea
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4
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Wang Q, Hartig SM, Ballantyne CM, Wu H. The multifaceted life of macrophages in white adipose tissue: Immune shift couples with metabolic switch. Immunol Rev 2024; 324:11-24. [PMID: 38683173 PMCID: PMC11262992 DOI: 10.1111/imr.13338] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/01/2024]
Abstract
White adipose tissue (WAT) is a vital endocrine organ that regulates energy balance and metabolic homeostasis. In addition to fat cells, WAT harbors macrophages with distinct phenotypes that play crucial roles in immunity and metabolism. Nutrient demands cause macrophages to accumulate in WAT niches, where they remodel the microenvironment and produce beneficial or detrimental effects on systemic metabolism. Given the abundance of macrophages in WAT, this review summarizes the heterogeneity of WAT macrophages in physiological and pathological conditions, including their alterations in quantity, phenotypes, characteristics, and functions during WAT growth and development, as well as healthy or unhealthy expansion. We will discuss the interactions of macrophages with other cell partners in WAT including adipose stem cells, adipocytes, and T cells in the context of various microenvironment niches in lean or obese condition. Finally, we highlight how adipose tissue macrophages merge immunity and metabolic changes to govern energy balance for the organism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qun Wang
- Key Laboratory of Infection and Immunity of Shandong Province, Department of Immunology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250012, China
| | - Sean M. Hartig
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA 77030
| | | | - Huaizhu Wu
- Department of Medicine, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas, USA 77030
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5
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Xu L, Fan YH, Zhang XJ, Bai L. Unraveling the relationship between histone methylation and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. World J Hepatol 2024; 16:703-715. [PMID: 38818286 PMCID: PMC11135277 DOI: 10.4254/wjh.v16.i5.703] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2023] [Revised: 02/09/2024] [Accepted: 04/07/2024] [Indexed: 05/22/2024] Open
Abstract
Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) poses a significant health challenge in modern societies due to shifts in lifestyle and dietary habits. Its complexity stems from genetic predisposition, environmental influences, and metabolic factors. Epigenetic processes govern various cellular functions such as transcription, chromatin structure, and cell division. In NAFLD, these epigenetic tendencies, especially the process of histone methylation, are intricately intertwined with fat accumulation in the liver. Histone methylation is regulated by different enzymes like methyltransferases and demethylases and influences the expression of genes related to adipogenesis. While early-stage NAFLD is reversible, its progression to severe stages becomes almost irreversible. Therefore, early detection and intervention in NAFLD are crucial, and understanding the precise role of histone methylation in the early stages of NAFLD could be vital in halting or potentially reversing the progression of this disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Li Xu
- State Key Laboratory of New Targets Discovery and Drug Development for Major Diseases; Gannan Innovation and Translational Medicine Research Institute, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Yu-Hong Fan
- State Key Laboratory of New Targets Discovery and Drug Development for Major Diseases; Gannan Innovation and Translational Medicine Research Institute, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Xiao-Jing Zhang
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, China; State Key Laboratory of New Targets Discovery and Drug Development for Major Diseases, Gannan Innovation and Translational Medicine Research Institute, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Lan Bai
- State Key Laboratory of New Targets Discovery and Drug Development for Major Diseases; Gannan Innovation and Translational Medicine Research Institute, Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China.
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6
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Shin J, Lee Y, Ju SH, Jung YJ, Sim D, Lee SJ. Unveiling the Potential of Natural Compounds: A Comprehensive Review on Adipose Thermogenesis Modulation. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:4915. [PMID: 38732127 PMCID: PMC11084502 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25094915] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/04/2024] [Revised: 04/19/2024] [Accepted: 04/23/2024] [Indexed: 05/13/2024] Open
Abstract
The process of adipocyte browning has recently emerged as a novel therapeutic target for combating obesity and obesity-related diseases. Non-shivering thermogenesis is the process of biological heat production in mammals and is primarily mediated via brown adipose tissue (BAT). The recruitment and activation of BAT can be induced through chemical drugs and nutrients, with subsequent beneficial health effects through the utilization of carbohydrates and fats to generate heat to maintain body temperature. However, since potent drugs may show adverse side effects, nutritional or natural substances could be safe and effective as potential adipocyte browning agents. This review aims to provide an extensive overview of the natural food compounds that have been shown to activate brown adipocytes in humans, animals, and in cultured cells. In addition, some key genetic and molecular targets and the mechanisms of action of these natural compounds reported to have therapeutic potential to combat obesity are discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jaeeun Shin
- Division of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02855, Republic of Korea; (J.S.); (Y.L.); (S.H.J.); (Y.J.J.); (D.S.)
| | - Yeonho Lee
- Division of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02855, Republic of Korea; (J.S.); (Y.L.); (S.H.J.); (Y.J.J.); (D.S.)
| | - Seong Hun Ju
- Division of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02855, Republic of Korea; (J.S.); (Y.L.); (S.H.J.); (Y.J.J.); (D.S.)
| | - Young Jae Jung
- Division of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02855, Republic of Korea; (J.S.); (Y.L.); (S.H.J.); (Y.J.J.); (D.S.)
| | - Daehyeon Sim
- Division of Biotechnology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02855, Republic of Korea; (J.S.); (Y.L.); (S.H.J.); (Y.J.J.); (D.S.)
| | - Sung-Joon Lee
- Department of Food Bioscience and Technology, College of Life Sciences and Biotechnology, Korea University, Seoul 02855, Republic of Korea
- Interdisciplinary Program in Precision Public Health, BK21 Four Institute of Precision Public Health, Korea University, Seoul 02846, Republic of Korea
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7
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Goncharov EN, Koval OA, Nikolaevich Bezuglov E, Engelgard M, Igorevich EI, Velentinovich Kotenko K, Encarnacion Ramirez MDJ, Montemurro N. Comparative Analysis of Stromal Vascular Fraction and Alternative Mechanisms in Bone Fracture Stimulation to Bridge the Gap between Nature and Technological Advancement: A Systematic Review. Biomedicines 2024; 12:342. [PMID: 38397944 PMCID: PMC10887176 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines12020342] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2024] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/30/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Various stimulation methods, including electrical, ultrasound, mechanical, and biological interventions, are explored, each leveraging intricate cellular and molecular dynamics to expedite healing. The advent of stromal vascular fraction (SVF) marks a significant stride, offering multifarious benefits in bone healing, from enhanced bone formation to optimal vascular integration, drawing a harmonious balance between innate mechanisms and scientific advancements. METHODS This systematic review was conducted focusing on literature from 2016 to 2023 and encompassing various bone healing stimulation mechanisms like SVF, electrical, ultrasound, and mechanical stimulation. The extracted data underwent meticulous synthesis and analysis, emphasizing comparative evaluations of mechanisms, applications, and outcomes of each intervention. RESULTS The reviewed studies reveal the potential of SVF in bone fracture healing, with its regenerative and anti-inflammatory effects. The purification of SVF is crucial for safe therapeutic use. Characterization involves flow cytometry and microscopy. Studies show SVF's efficacy in bone regeneration, versatility in various contexts, and potential for clinical use. SVF appears superior to electrical, ultrasound, and mechanical stimulation, with low complications. CONCLUSIONS This review compares bone healing methods, including SVF. It provides valuable insights into SVF's potential for bone regeneration. However, due to limited human studies and potential bias, cautious interpretation is necessary. Further research is essential to validate these findings and determine the optimal SVF applications in bone healing.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Mikhail Engelgard
- Petrovsky Russian Scientific Center of Surgery, 121359 Moscow, Russia
| | | | | | | | - Nicola Montemurro
- Department of Neurosurgery, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana (AOUP), 56100 Pisa, Italy
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8
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Goncharov EN, Koval OA, Igorevich EI, Encarnacion Ramirez MDJ, Nurmukhametov R, Valentinovich KK, Montemurro N. Analyzing the Clinical Potential of Stromal Vascular Fraction: A Comprehensive Literature Review. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2024; 60:221. [PMID: 38399509 PMCID: PMC10890435 DOI: 10.3390/medicina60020221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/12/2023] [Revised: 01/11/2024] [Accepted: 01/25/2024] [Indexed: 02/25/2024]
Abstract
Background: Regenerative medicine is evolving with discoveries like the stromal vascular fraction (SVF), a diverse cell group from adipose tissue with therapeutic promise. Originating from fat cell metabolism studies in the 1960s, SVF's versatility was recognized after demonstrating multipotency. Comprising of cells like pericytes, smooth muscle cells, and, notably, adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs), SVF offers tissue regeneration and repair through the differentiation and secretion of growth factors. Its therapeutic efficacy is due to these cells' synergistic action, prompting extensive research. Methods: This review analyzed the relevant literature on SVF, covering its composition, action mechanisms, clinical applications, and future directions. An extensive literature search from January 2018 to June 2023 was conducted across databases like PubMed, Embase, etc., using specific keywords. Results: The systematic literature search yielded a total of 473 articles. Sixteen articles met the inclusion criteria and were included in the review. This rigorous methodology provides a framework for a thorough and systematic analysis of the existing literature on SVF, offering robust insights into the potential of this important cell population in regenerative medicine. Conclusions: Our review reveals the potential of SVF, a heterogeneous cell mixture, as a powerful tool in regenerative medicine. SVF has demonstrated therapeutic efficacy and safety across disciplines, improving pain, tissue regeneration, graft survival, and wound healing while exhibiting immunomodulatory and anti-inflammatory properties.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Renat Nurmukhametov
- Neurological Surgery, Peoples Friendship University of Russia, 103274 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Nicola Montemurro
- Department of Neurosurgery, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana (AOUP), 56100 Pisa, Italy
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Liu T, Wang J, Tong Y, Wu L, Xie Y, He P, Lin S, Hu X. Integrating network pharmacology and animal experimental validation to investigate the action mechanism of oleanolic acid in obesity. J Transl Med 2024; 22:86. [PMID: 38246999 PMCID: PMC10802007 DOI: 10.1186/s12967-023-04840-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/30/2023] [Accepted: 12/26/2023] [Indexed: 01/23/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Obesity, a condition associated with the development of widespread cardiovascular disease, metabolic disorders, and other health complications, has emerged as a significant global health issue. Oleanolic acid (OA), a pentacyclic triterpenoid compound that is widely distributed in various natural plants, has demonstrated potential anti-inflammatory and anti-atherosclerotic properties. However, the mechanism by which OA fights obesity has not been well studied. METHOD Network pharmacology was utilized to search for potential targets and pathways of OA against obesity. Molecular docking and molecular dynamics simulations were utilized to validate the interaction of OA with core targets, and an animal model of obesity induced by high-fat eating was then employed to confirm the most central of these targets. RESULTS The network pharmacology study thoroughly examined 42 important OA targets for the treatment of obesity. The key biological processes (BP), cellular components (CC), and molecular functions (MF) of OA for anti-obesity were identified using GO enrichment analysis, including intracellular receptor signaling, intracellular steroid hormone receptor signaling, chromatin, nucleoplasm, receptor complex, endoplasmic reticulum membrane, and RNA polymerase II transcription Factor Activity. The KEGG/DAVID database enrichment study found that metabolic pathways, PPAR signaling pathways, cancer pathways/PPAR signaling pathways, insulin resistance, and ovarian steroidogenesis all play essential roles in the treatment of obesity and OA. The protein-protein interaction (PPI) network was used to screen nine main targets: PPARG, PPARA, MAPK3, NR3C1, PTGS2, CYP19A1, CNR1, HSD11B1, and AGTR1. Using molecular docking technology, the possible binding mechanism and degree of binding between OA and each important target were validated, demonstrating that OA has a good binding potential with each target. The molecular dynamics simulation's Root Mean Square Deviation (RMSD), and Radius of Gyration (Rg) further demonstrated that OA has strong binding stability with each target. Additional animal studies confirmed the significance of the core target PPARG and the core pathway PPAR signaling pathway in OA anti-obesity. CONCLUSION Overall, our study utilized a multifaceted approach to investigate the value and mechanisms of OA in treating obesity, thereby providing a novel foundation for the identification and development of natural drug treatments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tianfeng Liu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Jiliang Wang
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying Tong
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Lele Wu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Ying Xie
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Ping He
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Shujue Lin
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China
| | - Xuguang Hu
- School of Chinese Materia Medica, Guangdong Pharmaceutical University, Waihuan East Road, Guangzhou, 510006, Guangdong, China.
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10
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Liu N, Deng X, Wang J, Dong S. Effect of lysophospholipids on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, lipid metabolism and meat quality of fattening rabbits. Arch Anim Nutr 2023; 77:487-496. [PMID: 38083842 DOI: 10.1080/1745039x.2023.2289741] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/14/2023] [Accepted: 11/27/2023] [Indexed: 01/26/2024]
Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the effect of emulsifier lysophospholipids (LP), enzymatically modified from soy phospholipids, on the growth performance, nutrient digestibility, lipid metabolism and meat quality of fattening rabbits. The LP was added in control (CON), LP1, LP2 and LP3 at 0, 200, 400 and 600 mg/kg, respectively. A total of 240 rabbits at approximately 52 d of age were divided into 4 groups with 6 replicates of 10 rabbits each. The feeding trial lasted for 42 d. Results showed that compared to CON, LP1, LP2 and LP3 increased (p < 0.05) body weight gain, feed efficiency, the apparent faecal digestibility of gross energy, crude protein and ether extract, the percentages of dissectible fat and ether extract in the longissimus and legs, the serum contents of apolipoprotein B, free fatty acid and total phospholipids in the longissimus, but decreased (p < 0.05) serum total triglyceride and total cholesterol. Meanwhile, LP1, LP2 and LP3 had higher (p < 0.05) carcass weight, longissimus weight and percentages of foreleg and hindleg than the CON; and the three LP diets also increased (p < 0.05) the tenderness, lightness and redness of longissimus. It is concluded that soy LP as an emulsifier can improve the growth, digestibility and meat quality of fattening rabbits.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ning Liu
- Department of Animal Science, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
- Department of Research and Development, National Engineering Research Centre of Biological Feed, Beijing, China
| | - Xuejuan Deng
- Department of Research and Development, National Engineering Research Centre of Biological Feed, Beijing, China
| | - Jianping Wang
- Department of Animal Science, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
- Department of Animal Production, Luoyang Xintai Agro-pastoral Technology Co, Luoyang, China
| | - Shuli Dong
- Department of Animal Science, Henan University of Science and Technology, Luoyang, China
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11
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Goncharov EN, Koval OA, Nikolaevich Bezuglov E, Encarnacion Ramirez MDJ, Engelgard M, Igorevich EI, Saporiti A, Valentinovich Kotenko K, Montemurro N. Stromal Vascular Fraction Therapy for Knee Osteoarthritis: A Systematic Review. MEDICINA (KAUNAS, LITHUANIA) 2023; 59:2090. [PMID: 38138193 PMCID: PMC10744886 DOI: 10.3390/medicina59122090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/01/2023] [Revised: 11/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/26/2023] [Indexed: 12/24/2023]
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Knee osteoarthritis (OA) is a widespread joint disease, set to increase due to aging and rising obesity. Beyond cartilage degeneration, OA involves the entire joint, including the synovial fluid, bones, and surrounding muscles. Existing treatments, such as NSAIDs and corticosteroid injections, mainly alleviate symptoms but can have complications. Joint replacement surgeries are definitive but carry surgical risks and are not suitable for all. Stromal vascular fraction (SVF) therapy is a regenerative approach using cells from a patient's adipose tissue. SVF addresses as degenerative and inflammatory aspects, with potential for cartilage formation and tissue regeneration. Unlike traditional treatments, SVF may reverse OA changes. Being autologous, it reduces immunogenic risks. Materials and Methods: A systematic search was undertaken across PubMed, Medline, and Scopus for relevant studies published from 2017 to 2023. Keywords included "SVF", "Knee Osteoarthritis", and "Regenerative Medicine". Results: This systematic search yielded a total of 172 articles. After the removal of duplicates and an initial title and abstract screening, 94 full-text articles were assessed for eligibility. Of these, 22 studies met the inclusion criteria and were subsequently included in this review. Conclusions: This review of SVF therapy for knee OA suggests its potential therapeutic benefits. Most studies confirmed its safety and efficacy, and showed improved clinical outcomes and minimal adverse events. However, differences in study designs and sizes require a careful interpretation of the results. While evidence supports SVF's positive effects, understanding methodological limitations is key. Incorporating SVF is promising, but the approach should prioritize patient safety and rigorous research.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | | | - Mikhail Engelgard
- Petrovsky Russian Scientific Center of Surgery, 121359 Moscow, Russia
| | | | - Alessandra Saporiti
- Department of Pharmaceuticals, Azienda Usl Toscana Nord Ovest, 56100 Pisa, Italy
| | | | - Nicola Montemurro
- Department of Neurosurgery, Azienda Ospedaliero Universitaria Pisana (AOUP), 56100 Pisa, Italy
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12
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Li D, Cheng Y, Zeng X, Li Y, Xia Z, Yang X, Ren D. Polysaccharide from Ziyang Selenium-Enriched Green Tea Prevents Obesity and Promotes Adipose Thermogenesis via Modulating the Gut Microbiota. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:13363-13375. [PMID: 37647585 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c04193] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 09/01/2023]
Abstract
The objective of the current study was to explore the potential mechanism of Ziyang selenium-enriched green tea polysaccharide (Se-GTP) against obesity. The results showed that Se-GTP significantly alleviated obesity and related metabolic disorders caused by high-fat diet (HFD) in mice. 16S rRNA gene sequencing results revealed that Se-GTP improved gut microbiota disturbance of obese mice and facilitated proliferation of probiotics such as Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, Lactobacillus, and Akkermansia. In addition, the colonic content of succinate, a product of microbial metabolite in connection with adipocyte thermogenesis, was significantly enhanced by Se-GTP treatment. Therefore, Se-GTP facilitated brown adipose tissue (BAT) thermogenesis and inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) browning in obese mice, which could be revealed by increased expressions of thermogenic marker proteins UCP1, PGC-1α, and CIDEA in BAT and iWAT. Interestingly, Se-GTP intervention also observably increased the content of M2-like macrophages in iWAT of obese mice. To summarize, the results of this study are the first to show that Se-GTP can stimulate the browning of iWAT and BAT thermogenesis to counteract obesity, which may be pertinent with the alteration of gut microbiota in obese mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Donglu Li
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Yukun Cheng
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Xiaoqian Zeng
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Yixiao Li
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Zengrun Xia
- Key Laboratory of Se-enriched Products Development and Quality Control, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs/National-Local Joint Engineering Laboratory of Se-enriched Food Development, Ankang 725000, China
| | - Xingbin Yang
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
| | - Daoyuan Ren
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
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13
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Abstract
In this review, we provide a brief synopsis of the connections between adipose tissue and metabolic health and highlight some recent developments in understanding and exploiting adipocyte biology. Adipose tissue plays critical roles in the regulation of systemic glucose and lipid metabolism and secretes bioactive molecules possessing endocrine, paracrine, and autocrine functions. Dysfunctional adipose tissue has a detrimental impact on metabolic health and is intimately involved in key aspects of metabolic diseases such as insulin resistance, lipid overload, inflammation, and organelle stress. Differences in the distribution of fat depots and adipose characteristics relate to divergent degrees of metabolic dysfunction found in metabolically healthy and unhealthy obese individuals. Thermogenic adipocytes increase energy expenditure via mitochondrial uncoupling or adenosine triphosphate-consuming futile substrate cycles, while functioning as a metabolic sink and participating in crosstalk with other metabolic organs. Manipulation of adipose tissue provides a wealth of opportunities to intervene and combat the progression of associated metabolic diseases. We discuss current treatment modalities for obesity including incretin hormone analogs and touch upon emerging strategies with therapeutic potential including exosome-based therapy, pharmacological activation of brown and beige adipocyte thermogenesis, and administration or inhibition of adipocyte-derived factors.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sung-Min An
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
| | - Seung-Hee Cho
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
| | - John C. Yoon
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA, USA
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14
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Ye J, Gao C, Liang Y, Hou Z, Shi Y, Wang Y. Characteristic and fate determination of adipose precursors during adipose tissue remodeling. CELL REGENERATION (LONDON, ENGLAND) 2023; 12:13. [PMID: 37138165 PMCID: PMC10156890 DOI: 10.1186/s13619-023-00157-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2022] [Accepted: 12/30/2022] [Indexed: 05/05/2023]
Abstract
Adipose tissues are essential for actively regulating systemic energy balance, glucose homeostasis, immune responses, reproduction, and longevity. Adipocytes maintain dynamic metabolic needs and possess heterogeneity in energy storage and supply. Overexpansion of adipose tissue, especially the visceral type, is a high risk for diabetes and other metabolic diseases. Changes in adipocytes, hypertrophy or hyperplasia, contribute to the remodeling of obese adipose tissues, accompanied by abundant immune cell accumulation, decreased angiogenesis, and aberrant extracellular matrix deposition. The process and mechanism of adipogenesis are well known, however, adipose precursors and their fate decision are only being defined with recent information available to decipher how adipose tissues generate, maintain, and remodel. Here, we discuss the key findings that identify adipose precursors phenotypically, with special emphasis on the intrinsic and extrinsic signals in instructing and regulating the fate of adipose precursors under pathophysiological conditions. We hope that the information in this review lead to novel therapeutic strategies to combat obesity and related metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jiayin Ye
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Cheng Gao
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Yong Liang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China
| | - Zongliu Hou
- Key Laboratory of Tumor Immunological Prevention and Treatment of Yunnan Province, Kunming, 650000, Yunnan, China
| | - Yufang Shi
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China.
- The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University and State Key Laboratory of Radiation Medicine and Protection, Institutes for Translational Medicine, Soochow University, 199 Renai Road, Suzhou, 215123, Jiangsu, China.
| | - Ying Wang
- CAS Key Laboratory of Tissue Microenvironment and Tumor, Shanghai Institute of Nutrition and Health, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yueyang Road, Shanghai, 200031, China.
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15
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Zhao B, Zhang H, Zhao D, Liang Y, Qiao L, Liu J, Pan Y, Yang K, Liu W. circINSR Inhibits Adipogenic Differentiation of Adipose-Derived Stromal Vascular Fractions through the miR-152/ MEOX2 Axis in Sheep. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24043501. [PMID: 36834919 PMCID: PMC9964708 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24043501] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/20/2023] [Revised: 02/07/2023] [Accepted: 02/09/2023] [Indexed: 02/12/2023] Open
Abstract
Adipose tissue plays a crucial role in energy metabolism. Several studies have shown that circular RNA (circRNA) is involved in the regulation of fat development and lipid metabolism. However, little is known about their involvement in the adipogenic differentiation of ovine stromal vascular fractions (SVFs). Here, based on previous sequencing data and bioinformatics analysis, a novel circINSR was identified in sheep, which acts as a sponge to promote miR-152 in inhibiting the adipogenic differentiation of ovine SVFs. The interactions between circINSR and miR-152 were examined using bioinformatics, luciferase assays, and RNA immunoprecipitation. Of note, we found that circINSR was involved in adipogenic differentiation via the miR-152/mesenchyme homeobox 2 (MEOX2) pathway. MEOX2 inhibited adipogenic differentiation of ovine SVFs and miR-152 inhibited the expression of MEOX2. In other words, circINSR directly isolates miR-152 in the cytoplasm and inhibits its ability to promote adipogenic differentiation of ovine SVFs. In summary, this study revealed the role of circINSR in the adipogenic differentiation of ovine SVFs and its regulatory mechanisms, providing a reference for further interpretation of the development of ovine fat and its regulatory mechanisms.
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16
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Vitamin A: A Key Inhibitor of Adipocyte Differentiation. PPAR Res 2023; 2023:7405954. [PMID: 36776154 PMCID: PMC9908342 DOI: 10.1155/2023/7405954] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/09/2022] [Revised: 01/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/21/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Inhibiting adipocyte differentiation, the conversion of preadipocytes to mature functional adipocytes, might represent a new approach to treating obesity and related metabolic disorders. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ and CCAAT-enhancer-binding protein α are two master coregulators controlling adipogenesis both in culture and in vivo. Many recent studies have confirmed the relationship between retinoic acid (RA) and the conversion of embryonic stem cells into adipocytes; however, these studies have shown that RA potently blocks the differentiation of preadipocytes into mature adipocytes. Nevertheless, the functional role of RA in early tissue development and stem cell differentiation, including in adipose tissue, remains unclear. This study highlights transcription factors that block adipocyte differentiation and maintain preadipocyte status, focusing on those controlled by RA. However, some of these novel adipogenesis inhibitors have not been validated in vivo, and their mechanisms of action require further clarification.
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17
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Li A, Li Y, Wang Y, Wang Y, Li X, Qubi W, Xiong Y, Zhu J, Liu W, Lin Y. ACADL Promotes the Differentiation of Goat Intramuscular Adipocytes. Animals (Basel) 2023; 13:ani13020281. [PMID: 36670821 PMCID: PMC9854987 DOI: 10.3390/ani13020281] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2022] [Revised: 01/04/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Intramuscular fat (IMF) deposits help improve meat quality such as marbling, juicy, flavor and tenderness. Long-chain acyl-CoA dehydrogenase (ACADL) is a key enzyme for catalyzing fatty acid oxidation, and studies have shown ACADL is involved in the deposition and differentiation of intramuscular adipocytes. However, the effect of ACADL on intramuscular adipocytes differentiation in goats needs further study. In this study, to explore the mechanism of ACADL on the development of goat intramuscular adipocytes, we constructed an over-expression plasmids and a SI-RNA of ACADL to explore the function of ACADL on the development of goat IMF. It was found that overexpression of ACADL promoted the differentiation of goat intramuscular adipocytes, and promoted the expression of fat cell differentiation marker genes lipoprotein lipase (LPL), peroxisome proliferator activated receptor gamma (PPARγ), APETALA-2-like transcription factor gene (AP2), CCAT enhancer binding protein (CEBPα), preadipocyte Factor 1 (Pref-1) and CCAT enhancer binding protein (CEBPβ), and the opposite trend occurred after interference. In addition, we screened of this related tumor necrosis factor (TNF) signaling pathway by RNA-Seq. So, we validate the signaling pathway with inhibitor of TNF signaling pathway. In summary, these results indicate that ACADL promotes intramuscular adipocytes differentiation through activation TNF signaling pathway. This study provides an important basis for the mechanism of IMF development.
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Affiliation(s)
- An Li
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Exploitation, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yanyan Li
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Exploitation, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Youli Wang
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Exploitation, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yong Wang
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Exploitation, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Xin Li
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Exploitation, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wuqie Qubi
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Exploitation, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yan Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Exploitation, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Jiangjiang Zhu
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Exploitation, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Wei Liu
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Exploitation, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
| | - Yaqiu Lin
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province for Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Exploitation, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
- College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu 610041, China
- Correspondence: ; Tel./Fax: +86-028-85522310
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18
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Takeda Y, Harada Y, Yoshikawa T, Dai P. Mitochondrial Energy Metabolism in the Regulation of Thermogenic Brown Fats and Human Metabolic Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24021352. [PMID: 36674862 PMCID: PMC9861294 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24021352] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2022] [Revised: 01/06/2023] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Brown fats specialize in thermogenesis by increasing the utilization of circulating blood glucose and fatty acids. Emerging evidence suggests that brown adipose tissue (BAT) prevents the incidence of obesity-associated metabolic diseases and several types of cancers in humans. Mitochondrial energy metabolism in brown/beige adipocytes regulates both uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1)-dependent and -independent thermogenesis for cold adaptation and the utilization of excess nutrients and energy. Many studies on the quantification of human BAT indicate that mass and activity are inversely correlated with the body mass index (BMI) and visceral adiposity. Repression is caused by obesity-associated positive and negative factors that control adipocyte browning, de novo adipogenesis, mitochondrial energy metabolism, UCP1 expression and activity, and noradrenergic response. Systemic and local factors whose levels vary between lean and obese conditions include growth factors, inflammatory cytokines, neurotransmitters, and metal ions such as selenium and iron. Modulation of obesity-associated repression in human brown fats is a promising strategy to counteract obesity and related metabolic diseases through the activation of thermogenic capacity. In this review, we highlight recent advances in mitochondrial metabolism, thermogenic regulation of brown fats, and human metabolic diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yukimasa Takeda
- Department of Cellular Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
- Correspondence: (Y.T.); (P.D.); Tel.: +81-75-251-5444 (Y.T.); +81-75-251-5135 (P.D.)
| | - Yoshinori Harada
- Department of Pathology and Cell Regulation, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
| | - Toshikazu Yoshikawa
- Department of Cellular Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
- Louis Pasteur Center for Medical Research, 103-5 Tanaka-Monzen-cho, Sakyo-ku, Kyoto 606-8225, Japan
| | - Ping Dai
- Department of Cellular Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medical Science, Kyoto Prefectural University of Medicine, 465 Kajii-cho, Kawaramachi-Hirokoji, Kamigyo-ku, Kyoto 602-8566, Japan
- Correspondence: (Y.T.); (P.D.); Tel.: +81-75-251-5444 (Y.T.); +81-75-251-5135 (P.D.)
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19
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Uchiyama H, Muramatsu D, Higashi H, Kida H, Iwai A. Effects of chondroitin sulfate oligosaccharides on osteoclast differentiation of RAW264 cells, and myotube differentiation of C2C12 cells. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0284343. [PMID: 37053208 PMCID: PMC10101473 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0284343] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2023] [Indexed: 04/14/2023] Open
Abstract
Chondroitin sulfate (CS) is a glycosaminoglycan, and CS derived from various animal species is used in drugs and food supplements to alleviate arthralgia. The CS is a high molecular weight compound, and hydrolysis of CS by intestinal microbiota is thought to be required for absorption in mammalians. Chondroitin sulfate oligosaccharides (Oligo-CS) are produced by hydrolysis with subcritical water from CS isolated from a species of skate, Raja pulchra for the improvement of bioavailability. The present study conducted in vitro experiments using murine cell lines, to compare the biological activities of Oligo-CS and high molecular weight CS composed with the similar disaccharide isomer units of D-glucuronic acid and N-acetyl-D-glucosamine (CS-C). The results show that Oligo-CS inhibits osteoclast differentiation of RAW264 cells significantly at lower concentrations than in CS. The cell viability of a myoblast cell line, C2C12 cells, was increased when the cells were grown in a differentiated medium for myotubes with Oligo-CS, where there were no effects on the cell viability in CS. These results suggest that in vitro Oligo-CS exhibits stronger bioactivity than high-molecular weight CS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirofumi Uchiyama
- Aureo Science Co., Ltd., Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
- Division of Bioscience in Sapporo, Aureo Co., Ltd., Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Daisuke Muramatsu
- Aureo Science Co., Ltd., Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
- Division of Bioscience in Sapporo, Aureo Co., Ltd., Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hideaki Higashi
- Division of Infection and Immunity, International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Kida
- International Institute for Zoonosis Control, Hokkaido University, Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
| | - Atsushi Iwai
- Aureo Science Co., Ltd., Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
- Division of Bioscience in Sapporo, Aureo Co., Ltd., Kita-ku, Sapporo, Hokkaido, Japan
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20
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Liang J, Jia Y, Yu H, Yan H, Shen Q, Xu Y, Li Y, Yang M. 5-Aza-2'-Deoxycytidine Regulates White Adipocyte Browning by Modulating miRNA-133a/Prdm16. Metabolites 2022; 12:1131. [PMID: 36422269 PMCID: PMC9695087 DOI: 10.3390/metabo12111131] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/09/2022] [Revised: 11/03/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2024] Open
Abstract
The conversion of white adipocytes into brown adipocytes improves their thermogenesis and promotes energy consumption. Epigenetic modifications affect related genes and interfere with energy metabolism, and these are the basis of new ideas for obesity treatment. Neonatal mice show high levels of DNA hypermethylation in white adipose tissue early in life and low levels in brown adipose tissue. Thus, we considered that the regulation of DNA methylation may play a role in the conversion of white adipose to brown. We observed growth indicators, lipid droplets of adipocytes, brown fat specific protein, and miRNA-133a after treatment with 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine. The expression of Prdm16 and Ucp-1 in adipocytes was detected after inhibiting miRNA-133a. The results showed a decrease in total lipid droplet formation and an increased expression of the brown fat specific proteins Prdm16 and Ucp-1. This study indicated that 5-Aza-2'-deoxycytidine promotes white adipocyte browning following DNA demethylation, possibly via the modulation of miR-133a and Prdm16.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liang
- Department of Pharmacology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Ying Jia
- Department of Pharmacology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Huixin Yu
- Department of Pharmacology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Haijing Yan
- Department of Pharmacology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Qingyu Shen
- Department of Pharmacology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Yana Li
- Department of Pathophysiology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
| | - Meizi Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264003, China
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21
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Zeng X, Ren D, Li D, Du H, Yang X. Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch polysaccharide promotes adipose thermogenesis and decreases obesity by shaping the gut microbiota. Food Funct 2022; 13:10651-10664. [PMID: 36169214 DOI: 10.1039/d2fo02257e] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
This study was designed to investigate the underlying mechanism of Artemisia sphaerocephala Krasch polysaccharide (ASKP) against obesity. Here, our results showed that ASKP considerably reduced body weight gain and metabolic disorders in high fat diet (HFD)-fed mice. 16S rRNA gene sequencing revealed that ASKP relieved the gut microbiota disorder caused by HFD and promoted the proliferation of probiotics such as Lactobacillus, Bifidobacterium and Blautia. Interestingly, the fecal levels of succinate, a microbial metabolite associated with adipose thermogenesis, were dramatically elevated by ASKP treatment in obese mice. Accordingly, ASKP promoted thermogenesis of brown adipose tissue (BAT) and browning of inguinal white adipose tissue (iWAT) of mice fed with a HFD, as revealed by the elevated expression of thermogenic marker genes (UCP1, CIDEA and PGC1α) in BAT and iWAT. Importantly, antibiotic treatment significantly decreased the ASKP-elevated fecal levels of succinate and further abolished the adipose thermogenesis effects of ASKP. Taken together, our results show that ASKP prevents obesity through iWAT browning and BAT activation, a mechanism that is dependent on the gut microbiota metabolism.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaoqian Zeng
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Daoyuan Ren
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Donglu Li
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
| | - Haiping Du
- Institute of Physical Education, Guangxi University of Science and Technology, Liuzhou, Guangxi 545006, China
| | - Xingbin Yang
- Shaanxi Engineering Laboratory for Food Green Processing and Safety Control, and Shaanxi Key Laboratory for Hazard Factors Assessment in Processing and Storage of Agricultural Products, College of Food Engineering and Nutritional Science, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China.
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22
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RNA-Binding Proteins in the Regulation of Adipogenesis and Adipose Function. Cells 2022; 11:cells11152357. [PMID: 35954201 PMCID: PMC9367552 DOI: 10.3390/cells11152357] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2022] [Revised: 07/28/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
The obesity epidemic represents a critical public health issue worldwide, as it is a vital risk factor for many diseases, including type 2 diabetes (T2D) and cardiovascular disease. Obesity is a complex disease involving excessive fat accumulation. Proper adipose tissue accumulation and function are highly transcriptional and regulated by many genes. Recent studies have discovered that post-transcriptional regulation, mainly mediated by RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), also plays a crucial role. In the lifetime of RNA, it is bound by various RBPs that determine every step of RNA metabolism, from RNA processing to alternative splicing, nucleus export, rate of translation, and finally decay. In humans, it is predicted that RBPs account for more than 10% of proteins based on the presence of RNA-binding domains. However, only very few RBPs have been studied in adipose tissue. The primary aim of this paper is to provide an overview of RBPs in adipogenesis and adipose function. Specifically, the following best-characterized RBPs will be discussed, including HuR, PSPC1, Sam68, RBM4, Ybx1, Ybx2, IGF2BP2, and KSRP. Characterization of these proteins will increase our understanding of the regulatory mechanisms of RBPs in adipogenesis and provide clues for the etiology and pathology of adipose-tissue-related diseases.
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Factors Associated with White Fat Browning: New Regulators of Lipid Metabolism. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23147641. [PMID: 35886989 PMCID: PMC9325132 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23147641] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/07/2022] [Revised: 07/03/2022] [Accepted: 07/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Mammalian adipose tissue can be divided into white and brown adipose tissue based on its colour, location, and cellular structure. Certain conditions, such as sympathetic nerve excitement, can induce the white adipose adipocytes into a new type of adipocytes, known as beige adipocytes. The process, leading to the conversion of white adipocytes into beige adipocytes, is called white fat browning. The dynamic balance between white and beige adipocytes is closely related to the body’s metabolic homeostasis. Studying the signal transduction pathways of the white fat browning might provide novel ideas for the treatment of obesity and alleviation of obesity-related glucose and lipid metabolism disorders. This article aimed to provide an overview of recent advances in understanding white fat browning and the role of BAT in lipid metabolism.
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Hu Y, Lauffer P, Stewart M, Codner G, Mayerl S, Heuer H, Ng L, Forrest D, Trotsenburg P, Jongejan A, Fliers E, Hennekam R, Boelen A. An animal model for Pierpont syndrome; a mouse bearing the Tbl1xr1Y446C/Y446C mutation. Hum Mol Genet 2022; 31:2951-2963. [PMID: 35416977 PMCID: PMC9433735 DOI: 10.1093/hmg/ddac086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2022] [Revised: 03/23/2022] [Accepted: 04/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Pierpont syndrome is a rare disorder characterized mainly by global developmental delay, unusual facial features, altered fat distribution in the limbs and hearing loss. A specific mutation (p.Tyr446Cys) in TBL1XR1, encoding a WD40 repeat-containing protein, which is a component of the SMRT/NCoR (silencing mediator retinoid and thyroid hormone receptors/nuclear receptor corepressors), has been reported as the genetic cause of Pierpont syndrome. Here, we used CRISPR-cas9 technology to generate a mutant mouse with the Y446C mutation in Tbl1xr1, which is also present in Pierpont syndrome. Several aspects of the phenotype were studied in the mutant mice: growth, body composition, hearing, motor behavior, thyroid hormone state and lipid and glucose metabolism. The mutant mice (Tbl1xr1Y446C/Y446C) displayed delayed growth, altered body composition with increased relative lean mass and impaired hearing. Expression of several genes involved in fatty acid metabolism differed in white adipose tissue, but not in liver or muscle of mutant mice compared to wild-type mice (Tbl1xr1+/+). No difference in thyroid hormone plasma concentrations was observed. Tbl1xr1Y446C/Y446C mice can be used as a model for distinct features of Pierpont syndrome, which will enable future studies on the pathogenic mechanisms underlying the various phenotypic characteristics.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yalan Hu
- Endocrine Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Peter Lauffer
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Michelle Stewart
- The Mary Lyon Centre, MRC Harwell, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Gemma Codner
- The Mary Lyon Centre, MRC Harwell, Harwell Campus, Oxfordshire, OX11 0RD, UK
| | - Steffen Mayerl
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Heike Heuer
- Department of Endocrinology, Diabetes and Metabolism, University Hospital Essen, University of Duisburg-Essen, Essen, Germany
| | - Lily Ng
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Douglas Forrest
- Laboratory of Endocrinology and Receptor Biology, National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Paul Trotsenburg
- Department of Pediatric Endocrinology, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Aldo Jongejan
- Bioinformatics Laboratory, Department of Epidemiology and Data Science, Amsterdam Public Health, Methodology Amsterdam, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Eric Fliers
- Department of Endocrinology, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - Raoul Hennekam
- Department of Pediatrics, Emma Children's Hospital, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - Anita Boelen
- Endocrine Laboratory, Department of Clinical Chemistry, Amsterdam Gastroenterology, Endocrinology & Metabolism, Amsterdam UMC, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
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Jiang N, Yang M, Han Y, Zhao H, Sun L. PRDM16 Regulating Adipocyte Transformation and Thermogenesis: A Promising Therapeutic Target for Obesity and Diabetes. Front Pharmacol 2022; 13:870250. [PMID: 35462933 PMCID: PMC9024053 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.870250] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/06/2022] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Given that obesity and diabetes have been major public health concerns and that disease morbidities have been rising continuously, effective treatment for these diseases is urgently needed. Because adipose tissue metabolism is involved in the progression of obesity and diabetes, it might be efficient to target adipocyte metabolic pathways. Positive regulatory domain zinc finger region protein 16 (PRDM16), a transcription factor that is highly expressed in adipocytes, plays a key role in adipose tissue metabolism, such as the browning and thermogenesis of adipocytes, the beigeing of adipocytes, the adipogenic differentiation of myoblasts, and the conversion of visceral adipocytes to subcutaneous adipocytes. Furthermore, clinical and basic studies have shown that the expression of PRDM16 is associated with obesity and diabetes and that PRDM16 signaling participates in the treatment of the two diseases. For example, metformin promotes thermogenesis and alleviates obesity by activating the AMPK/αKG/PRDM16 signaling pathway; rosiglitazone alleviates obesity under the synergistic effect of PRDM16; resveratrol plays an antiobesity role by inducing the expression of PRDM16; liraglupeptide improves insulin resistance by inducing the expression of PRDM16; and mulberry leaves play an anti-inflammatory and antidiabetes role by activating the expression of brown fat cell marker genes (including PRDM16). In this review, we summarize the evidence of PRDM16 involvement in the progression of obesity and diabetes and that PRDM16 may be a promising therapy for obesity and diabetes.
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Sex differences in white adipose tissue expansion: emerging molecular mechanisms. Clin Sci (Lond) 2021; 135:2691-2708. [PMID: 34908104 DOI: 10.1042/cs20210086] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2021] [Revised: 11/15/2021] [Accepted: 11/29/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The escalating prevalence of individuals becoming overweight and obese is a rapidly rising global health problem, placing an enormous burden on health and economic systems worldwide. Whilst obesity has well described lifestyle drivers, there is also a significant and poorly understood component that is regulated by genetics. Furthermore, there is clear evidence for sexual dimorphism in obesity, where overall risk, degree, subtype and potential complications arising from obesity all differ between males and females. The molecular mechanisms that dictate these sex differences remain mostly uncharacterised. Many studies have demonstrated that this dimorphism is unable to be solely explained by changes in hormones and their nuclear receptors alone, and instead manifests from coordinated and highly regulated gene networks, both during development and throughout life. As we acquire more knowledge in this area from approaches such as large-scale genomic association studies, the more we appreciate the true complexity and heterogeneity of obesity. Nevertheless, over the past two decades, researchers have made enormous progress in this field, and some consistent and robust mechanisms continue to be established. In this review, we will discuss some of the proposed mechanisms underlying sexual dimorphism in obesity, and discuss some of the key regulators that influence this phenomenon.
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Choi KM, Kim JH, Kong X, Isik M, Zhang J, Lim HW, Yoon JC. Defective brown adipose tissue thermogenesis and impaired glucose metabolism in mice lacking Letmd1. Cell Rep 2021; 37:110104. [PMID: 34910916 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2021.110104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/15/2020] [Revised: 09/30/2021] [Accepted: 11/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Manipulation of energy-dissipating adipocytes has the potential to produce metabolic benefits. To this end, it is valuable to understand the mechanisms controlling the generation and function of thermogenic fat. Here, we identify Letm1 domain containing 1 (Letmd1) as a regulator of brown fat formation and function. The expression of Letmd1 is induced in brown fat by cold exposure and by β-adrenergic activation. Letmd1-deficient mice exhibit severe cold intolerance concomitant with abnormal brown fat morphology, reduced thermogenic gene expression, and low mitochondrial content. The null mice exhibit impaired β3-adrenoreceptor-dependent thermogenesis and are prone to diet-induced obesity and defective glucose disposal. Letmd1 was previously described as a mitochondrial protein, and we find that it also localizes to the nucleus and interacts with the transcriptional coregulator and chromatin remodeler Brg1/Smarca4, thus providing a way to impact thermogenic gene expression. Our study uncovers a role for Letmd1 as a key regulatory component of adaptive thermogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyung-Mi Choi
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Jung Hak Kim
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Xiangmudong Kong
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, University of California Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | | | - Jin Zhang
- Department of Surgical and Radiological Sciences, University of California Davis School of Veterinary Medicine, Davis, CA 95616, USA
| | - Hee-Woong Lim
- Division of Biomedical Informatics, Cincinnati Children's Hospital Medical Center; Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA
| | - John C Yoon
- Division of Endocrinology, Department of Internal Medicine, University of California Davis School of Medicine, Davis, CA 95616, USA.
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Xiong Y, Wang Y, Xu Q, Li A, Yue Y, Ma Y, Lin Y. LKB1 Regulates Goat Intramuscular Adipogenesis Through Focal Adhesion Pathway. Front Physiol 2021; 12:755598. [PMID: 34721078 PMCID: PMC8548615 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2021.755598] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Intramuscular fat (IMF) deposition is one of the most important factors to affect meat quality in livestock and induce insulin resistance and adverse metabolic phenotypes for humans. However, the key regulators involved in this process remain largely unknown. Although liver kinase B1 (LKB1) was reported to participate in the development of skeletal muscles and classical adipose tissues. Due to the specific autonomic location of intramuscular adipocytes, deposited between or within muscle bundles, the exact roles of LKB1 in IMF deposition need further verified. Here, we cloned the goat LKB1 coding sequence with 1,317 bp, encoding a 438 amino acid peptide. LKB1 was extensively expressed in detected tissues and displayed a trend from decline to rise during intramuscular adipogenesis. Functionally, knockdown of LKB1 by two individual siRNAs enhanced the intramuscular preadipocytes differentiation, accompanied by promoting lipid accumulation and inducing adipogenic transcriptional factors and triglyceride synthesis-related genes expression. Conversely, overexpression of LKB1 restrained these biological signatures. To further explore the mechanisms, the RNA-seq technique was performed to compare the difference between siLKB1 and the control group. There were 1,043 differential expression genes (DEGs) were screened, i.e., 425 upregulated genes and 618 downregulated genes in the siLKB1 group. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) analysis predicted that the DEGs were mainly enriched in the focal adhesion pathway and its classical downstream signal, the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway. Specifically, knockdown of LKB1 increased the mRNA level of focal adhesion kinase (FAK) and vice versa in LKB1-overexpressed cells, a key component of the activated focal adhesion pathway. Convincingly, blocking this pathway by a specific FAK inhibitor (PF573228) rescued the observed phenotypes in LKB1 knockdown adipocytes. In conclusion, LKB1 inhibited goat intramuscular adipogenesis through the focal adhesion pathway. This work expanded the genetic regulator networks of IMF deposition and provided theoretical support for improving human health and meat quality from the aspect of IMF deposition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yan Xiong
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Sichuan Province, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China.,College of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuxue Wang
- College of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Qing Xu
- College of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China.,State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China
| | - An Li
- College of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yongqi Yue
- College of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yan Ma
- College of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yaqiu Lin
- Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Ministry of Education, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China.,Key Laboratory of Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Animal Genetic Resource Reservation and Utilization, Sichuan Province, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China.,College of Animal and Veterinary Sciences, Southwest Minzu University, Chengdu, China
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29
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Park WY, Park J, Lee S, Song G, Nam IK, Ahn KS, Choe SK, Um JY. PEX13 is required for thermogenesis of white adipose tissue in cold-exposed mice. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2021; 1867:159046. [PMID: 34517131 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2021.159046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2021] [Revised: 08/19/2021] [Accepted: 08/19/2021] [Indexed: 11/28/2022]
Abstract
Non-shivering thermogenesis (NST) is a heat generating process controlled by the mitochondria of brown adipose tissue (BAT). In the recent decade, 'functionally' acting brown adipocytes in white adipose tissue (WAT) has been identified as well: the so-called process of the 'browning' of WAT. While the importance of uncoupling protein 1 (UCP1)-oriented mitochondrial activation has been intensely studied, the role of peroxisomes during the browning of white adipocytes is poorly understood. Here, we assess the change in peroxisomal membrane proteins, or peroxins (PEXs), during cold stimulation and importantly, the role of PEX13 in the cold-induced remodeling of white adipocytes. PEX13, a protein that originally functions as a docking factor and is involved in protein import into peroxisome matrix, was highly increased during cold-induced recruitment of beige adipocytes within the inguinal WAT of C57BL/6 mice. Moreover, beige-induced 3 T3-L1 adipocytes and stromal vascular fraction (SVF) cells by exposure to the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma (PPARγ) agonist rosiglitazone showed a significant increase in mitochondrial thermogenic factors along with peroxisomal proteins including PEX13, and these were confirmed in SVF cells with the beta 3 adrenergic receptor (β3AR)-selective agonist CL316,243. To verify the relevance of PEX13, we used the RNA silencing method targeting the Pex13 gene and evaluated the subsequent beige development in SVF cells. Interestingly, siPex13 treatment suppressed expression of thermogenic proteins such as UCP1 and PPARγ coactivator 1 alpha (PGC1α). Overall, our data provide evidence supporting the role of peroxisomal proteins, in particular PEX13, during beige remodeling of white adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Woo Yong Park
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-Gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Jinbong Park
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; Basic Research Laboratory for Comorbidity Regulation and Department of Comorbodity Research, KyungHee Institute of Convergence Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Sujin Lee
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-Gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - Gahee Song
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-Gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea
| | - In-Koo Nam
- Department of Microbiology, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Kwang Seok Ahn
- Department of Science in Korean Medicine, Graduate School, Kyung Hee University, 26 Kyungheedae-ro, Dongdaemun-Gu, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; Basic Research Laboratory for Comorbidity Regulation and Department of Comorbodity Research, KyungHee Institute of Convergence Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea
| | - Seong-Kyu Choe
- Department of Microbiology, Wonkwang University School of Medicine, Iksan 54538, Republic of Korea
| | - Jae-Young Um
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Republic of Korea; Basic Research Laboratory for Comorbidity Regulation and Department of Comorbodity Research, KyungHee Institute of Convergence Korean Medicine, Kyung Hee University, Seoul 02447, Korea..
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Zhao J, Tao C, Chen C, Wang Y, Liu T. Formation of thermogenic adipocytes: What we have learned from pigs. FUNDAMENTAL RESEARCH 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.fmre.2021.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
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31
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Kobayashi M, Deguchi Y, Nozaki Y, Higami Y. Contribution of PGC-1α to Obesity- and Caloric Restriction-Related Physiological Changes in White Adipose Tissue. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22116025. [PMID: 34199596 PMCID: PMC8199692 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22116025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/28/2021] [Revised: 05/28/2021] [Accepted: 05/31/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1 α (PGC-1α) regulates mitochondrial DNA replication and mitochondrial gene expression by interacting with several transcription factors. White adipose tissue (WAT) mainly comprises adipocytes that store triglycerides as an energy resource and secrete adipokines. The characteristics of WAT vary in response to systemic and chronic metabolic alterations, including obesity or caloric restriction. Despite a small amount of mitochondria in white adipocytes, accumulated evidence suggests that mitochondria are strongly related to adipocyte-specific functions, such as adipogenesis and lipogenesis, as well as oxidative metabolism for energy supply. Therefore, PGC-1α is expected to play an important role in WAT. In this review, we provide an overview of the involvement of mitochondria and PGC-1α with obesity- and caloric restriction-related physiological changes in adipocytes and WAT.
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Affiliation(s)
- Masaki Kobayashi
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Metabolic Disease, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Japan; (Y.D.); (Y.N.)
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (Y.H.); Tel.: +81-4-7121-3676 (M.K. & Y.H.)
| | - Yusuke Deguchi
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Metabolic Disease, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Japan; (Y.D.); (Y.N.)
| | - Yuka Nozaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Metabolic Disease, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Japan; (Y.D.); (Y.N.)
| | - Yoshikazu Higami
- Laboratory of Molecular Pathology and Metabolic Disease, Faculty of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2641 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Japan; (Y.D.); (Y.N.)
- Research Institute for Biomedical Sciences, Tokyo University of Science, 2669 Yamazaki, Noda 278-8510, Japan
- Correspondence: (M.K.); (Y.H.); Tel.: +81-4-7121-3676 (M.K. & Y.H.)
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Qian H, Zhao J, Yang X, Wu S, An Y, Qu Y, Li Z, Ge H, Li E, Qi W. TET1 promotes RXRα expression and adipogenesis through DNA demethylation. Biochim Biophys Acta Mol Cell Biol Lipids 2021; 1866:158919. [PMID: 33684567 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbalip.2021.158919] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2020] [Revised: 02/15/2021] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 11/24/2022]
Abstract
Adipose tissue is important for systemic metabolic homeostasis in response to environmental changes, and adipogenesis involves dynamic transcriptional regulation. Ten-eleven translocation (TET) enzymes (TET1, 2 and 3) oxidize the 5-methylcytosine (5mC) in DNA to 5-hydroxylmethylcytosine (5hmC), which associates with transcriptional activation. Step by step, 5-formylcytosine (5fC) and 5-carboxylcytosine (5caC) are further generated by TETs and the cytosine can be restored through base-excision repair. It is still unclear how DNA demethylation is involved in adipogenesis. Through a phenotypic screen, we found TET inhibition decreased adipocyte differentiation from mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs). Comparing with the undifferentiated MSCs, the differentiated adipocytes exhibited much higher levels of 5hmC and slightly increased 5fC and 5caC. Higher 5hmC was associated with better differentiation at single-cell level by image analysis. TET1 is upregulated in differentiation and depletion of it significantly impaired the gain of 5hmC. Furthermore, Tet1 depletion significantly hampered the adipocyte differentiation. Using RNA-seq, 5mC and 5hmC-DNA immunoprecipitation, we found that Tet1 knockout led to lower expression of genes associated with lipid metabolism and fat cell differentiation. Genes with loss of 5mC or gain of 5hmC in adipocytes include Lipe, Bmp4 and Rxra, etc. RXRα agonist partially rescued the inhibitory effect of Tet1 knockout for adipogenesis. So, Rxra is one of the critical TET1 modulated genes. Together, TET1-mediated active DNA demethylation plays an important role in adipogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hui Qian
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai 201210, China; China Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4218 Jinke Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Jiaqi Zhao
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Xinyi Yang
- China Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4218 Jinke Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Sujuan Wu
- China Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4218 Jinke Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Yang An
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Yuxiu Qu
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Zhen Li
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai 201210, China
| | - Hui Ge
- China Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4218 Jinke Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - En Li
- China Novartis Institutes for BioMedical Research, 4218 Jinke Road, Shanghai 201203, China
| | - Wei Qi
- School of Life Science and Technology, ShanghaiTech University, 393 Middle Huaxia Road, Shanghai 201210, China.
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Ito K, Schneeberger M, Gerber A, Jishage M, Marchildon F, Maganti AV, Cohen P, Friedman JM, Roeder RG. Critical roles of transcriptional coactivator MED1 in the formation and function of mouse adipose tissues. Genes Dev 2021; 35:729-748. [PMID: 33888560 PMCID: PMC8091968 DOI: 10.1101/gad.346791.120] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2020] [Accepted: 03/16/2021] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Abstract
In this study, Ito et al. sought to understand the precise roles of MED1, and its various domains, at various stages of adipogenesis and in adipose tissue. Using multiple genetic approaches to assess requirements for MED1 in adipocyte formation and function in mice, they show that MED1 is indeed essential for the differentiation and/or function of both brown and white adipocytes, as its absence in these cells leads to, respectively, defective brown fat function and lipodystrophy. The MED1 subunit has been shown to mediate ligand-dependent binding of the Mediator coactivator complex to multiple nuclear receptors, including the adipogenic PPARγ, and to play an essential role in ectopic PPARγ-induced adipogenesis of mouse embryonic fibroblasts. However, the precise roles of MED1, and its various domains, at various stages of adipogenesis and in adipose tissue have been unclear. Here, after establishing requirements for MED1, including specific domains, for differentiation of 3T3L1 cells and both primary white and brown preadipocytes, we used multiple genetic approaches to assess requirements for MED1 in adipocyte formation, maintenance, and function in mice. We show that MED1 is indeed essential for the differentiation and/or function of both brown and white adipocytes, as its absence in these cells leads to, respectively, defective brown fat function and lipodystrophy. This work establishes MED1 as an essential transcriptional coactivator that ensures homeostatic functions of adipocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Keiichi Ito
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Marc Schneeberger
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Alan Gerber
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Miki Jishage
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Francois Marchildon
- Laboratory of Molecular Metabolism, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Aarthi V Maganti
- Laboratory of Molecular Metabolism, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Paul Cohen
- Laboratory of Molecular Metabolism, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Jeffrey M Friedman
- Laboratory of Molecular Genetics, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
| | - Robert G Roeder
- Laboratory of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, The Rockefeller University, New York, New York 10065, USA
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Dou J, Puttabyatappa M, Padmanabhan V, Bakulski KM. Developmental programming: Adipose depot-specific transcriptional regulation by prenatal testosterone excess in a sheep model of PCOS. Mol Cell Endocrinol 2021; 523:111137. [PMID: 33359827 PMCID: PMC7854529 DOI: 10.1016/j.mce.2020.111137] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/25/2020] [Revised: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 12/14/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal testosterone (T)-treated female sheep manifest adipose depot-specific disruptions in inflammatory/oxidative state, adipocyte differentiation and thermogenic adipocyte distribution. The objective of this study was to identify common and divergent gene pathways underlying prenatal T excess-induced adipose depot-specific disruptions. RNA sequencing and network analyses were undertaken with visceral (VAT), subcutaneous (SAT), epicardiac (ECAT) and perirenal (PRAT) adipose tissues from control and prenatal T-treated (100 mg T propionate twice a week from days 30-90 of gestation) female sheep at 21 months of age. Increased expression of adiposity and inflammation-related genes in VAT and genes that promote differentiation of white adipocytes in SAT were congruous with their metabolic roles with SAT favoring uptake/storage of free fatty acids and triglycerides and VAT favoring higher rate of fatty acid turnover and lipolysis. Selective upregulation of cardiac muscle and renoprotection genes in ECAT and PRAT respectively are suggestive of protective paracrine actions. Expression profile in prenatal T-treated sheep paralleled depot-specific dysfunctions with increased proinflammatory genes in VAT, reduced adipocyte differentiation genes in VAT and SAT and increased vascular related gene expression in PRAT. The high expression of genes involved in cardiomyocyte function in ECAT is suggestive of cardioprotective function being maintained to overcome the prenatal T-induced cardiac dysfunction and hypertension. These findings coupled with changes in gene pathways and networks involved in chromatin modification, extracellular matrix, immune and mitochondrial function, and endoplasmic reticulum to Golgi transport suggest that dysregulation in gene expression underlie prenatal T-treatment induced functional differences among adipose depots and manifestation of metabolic dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- John Dou
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA
| | | | | | - Kelly M Bakulski
- Department of Epidemiology, School of Public Health, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
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Wei W, Hu M, Huang J, Yu S, Li X, Li Y, Mao L. Anti-obesity effects of DHA and EPA in high fat-induced insulin resistant mice. Food Funct 2021; 12:1614-1625. [DOI: 10.1039/d0fo02448a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/21/2022]
Abstract
Docosahexaenoic acid (DHA, 22:6) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA, 20:5) exert their anti-obesity effect by mechanisms dependent or independent of PPARγ and GPR120 signaling in insulin resistant mice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Wei
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research
- School of Public Health
- Southern Medical University
- Guangzhou 510515
| | - Manjiang Hu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research
- School of Public Health
- Southern Medical University
- Guangzhou 510515
| | - Jie Huang
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research
- School of Public Health
- Southern Medical University
- Guangzhou 510515
| | - Siyan Yu
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research
- School of Public Health
- Southern Medical University
- Guangzhou 510515
| | - Xudong Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research
- School of Public Health
- Southern Medical University
- Guangzhou 510515
| | - Yanhui Li
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research
- School of Public Health
- Southern Medical University
- Guangzhou 510515
| | - Limei Mao
- Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Tropical Disease Research
- School of Public Health
- Southern Medical University
- Guangzhou 510515
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Liang J, Jia Y, Yan H, Shen Q, Bian W, Zhao D, Xu Y, Jin Y, Yang M. Prdm16-Mediated Browning is Involved in Resistance to Diet-Induced and Monosodium Glutamate-Induced Obesity. Diabetes Metab Syndr Obes 2021; 14:4351-4360. [PMID: 34737591 PMCID: PMC8558318 DOI: 10.2147/dmso.s335526] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2021] [Accepted: 10/14/2021] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate resistance to diet-induced obesity (DIO) and monosodium glutamate (MSG)-induced obesity as well as the underlying mechanisms. METHODS Newborn mice were used to construct DIO and MSG-induced obesity models. Obesity indices, such as body weight, body length, Lee index, body temperature, food intake, fat weight, and leptin level, were examined. Mice that did not exhibit obesity were defined as the obesity-resistant group. The morphological changes of white adipose tissue were observed by hematoxylin and eosin staining, and expression levels of PR domain containing 16 (Prdm16) and uncoupling protein-1 (Ucp-1) in white adipose tissue were measured by Western blot. RESULTS Obesity-resistant mice fed a high-fat diet showed resistance beginning at week 5 along with lower weights and lengths than those in the obesity group from weeks 5 to 12. MSG-induced obesity-resistant mice showed features consistent with resistance to obesity from week 1 along with higher body lengths relative to the obesity group; however, the weight difference was not significant until week 10, when body weights decreased significantly in obesity-resistant mice. The Lee index was lower in obesity-resistant mice than in the obesity group and the normal group, further suggesting obesity resistance. Additionally, obesity-resistant mice showed higher levels of leptin, whereas obese mice induced by a high-fat diet showed leptin resistance. Furthermore, Prdm16 and Ucp-1 levels were both downregulated in the obesity group and upregulated in obesity-resistant mice, showing that white fat browning was highest in obesity-resistant mice. CONCLUSION The phenotypes of mice with DIO and MSG-induced obesity differed. Obesity resistance might be related to Prdm16 and Ucp-1-mediated white adipocyte browning.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jia Liang
- Department of Pharmacology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Ying Jia
- Department of Pharmacology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Haijing Yan
- Department of Pharmacology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Qingyu Shen
- Department of Pharmacology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Weihua Bian
- Department of Cell Biology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Dongmei Zhao
- Department of Anatomy, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yong Xu
- Department of Pharmacology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Yongjun Jin
- Department of Endocrinology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, People’s Republic of China
| | - Meizi Yang
- Department of Pharmacology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, People’s Republic of China
- Correspondence: Meizi Yang; Yongjun Jin Department of Pharmacology, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai, 264003, People’s Republic of ChinaTel +86 535 691 9507Fax +86 535 691 3163 Email ;
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Desoye G, Herrera E. Adipose tissue development and lipid metabolism in the human fetus: The 2020 perspective focusing on maternal diabetes and obesity. Prog Lipid Res 2020; 81:101082. [PMID: 33383022 DOI: 10.1016/j.plipres.2020.101082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2020] [Revised: 12/21/2020] [Accepted: 12/22/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
During development, the human fetus accrues the highest proportion of fat of all mammals. Precursors of fat lobules can be found at week 14 of pregnancy. Thereafter, they expand, filling with triacylglycerols during pregnancy. The resultant mature lipid-filled adipocytes emerge from a developmental programme of embryonic stem cells, which is regulated differently than adult adipogenesis. Fetal triacylglycerol synthesis uses glycerol and fatty acids derived predominantly from glycolysis and lipogenesis in liver and adipocytes. The fatty acid composition of fetal adipose tissue at the end of pregnancy shows a preponderance of palmitic acid, and differs from the mother. Maternal diabetes mellitus does not influence this fatty acid profile. Glucose oxidation is the main source of energy for the fetus, but mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation also contributes. Indirect evidence suggests the presence of lipoprotein lipase in fetal adipose tissue. Its activity may be increased under hyperinsulinemic conditions as in maternal diabetes mellitus and obesity, thereby contributing to increased triacylglycerol deposition found in the newborns of such pregnancies. Fetal lipolysis is low. Changes in the expression of genes controlling metabolism in fetal adipose tissue appear to contribute actively to the increased neonatal fat mass found in diabetes and obesity. Many of these processes are under endocrine regulation, principally by insulin, and show sex-differences. Novel fatty acid derived signals such as oxylipins are present in cord blood with as yet undiscovered function. Despite many decades of research on fetal lipid deposition and metabolism, many key questions await answers.
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Affiliation(s)
- G Desoye
- Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology, Medical University of Graz, Graz, Austria.
| | - E Herrera
- Faculties of Pharmacy and Medicine, University CEU San Pablo, Madrid, Spain.
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Nieuwenhuis D, Pujol‐Gualdo N, Arnoldussen IA, Kiliaan AJ. Adipokines: A gear shift in puberty. Obes Rev 2020; 21:e13005. [PMID: 32003144 PMCID: PMC7317558 DOI: 10.1111/obr.13005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2019] [Revised: 01/10/2020] [Accepted: 01/19/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
Abstract
In this review, we discuss the role of adipokines in the onset of puberty in children with obesity during adrenarche and gonadarche and provide a clear and detailed overview of the biological processes of two major players, leptin and adiponectin. Adipokines, especially leptin and adiponectin, seem to induce an early onset of puberty in girls and boys with obesity by affecting the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal (HPG) axis. Moreover, adipokines and their receptors are expressed in the gonads, suggesting a role in sexual maturation and reproduction. All in all, adipokines may be a clue in understanding mechanisms underlying the onset of puberty in childhood obesity and puberty onset variability.
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Affiliation(s)
- Desirée Nieuwenhuis
- Department of AnatomyRadboud university medical center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Preclinical Imaging Center PRIMENijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Natàlia Pujol‐Gualdo
- Department of AnatomyRadboud university medical center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Preclinical Imaging Center PRIMENijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Ilse A.C. Arnoldussen
- Department of AnatomyRadboud university medical center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Preclinical Imaging Center PRIMENijmegenThe Netherlands
| | - Amanda J. Kiliaan
- Department of AnatomyRadboud university medical center, Donders Institute for Brain, Cognition and Behaviour, Preclinical Imaging Center PRIMENijmegenThe Netherlands
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Taguchi K, Kajita K, Kitada Y, Fuwa M, Asano M, Ikeda T, Kajita T, Ishizaka T, Kojima I, Morita H. Role of small proliferative adipocytes: possible beige cell progenitors. J Endocrinol 2020; 245:65-78. [PMID: 31990671 PMCID: PMC7040459 DOI: 10.1530/joe-19-0503] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2019] [Accepted: 01/28/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Despite extensive investigation, the mechanisms underlying adipogenesis are not fully understood. We previously identified proliferative cells in adipose tissue expressing adipocyte-specific genes, which were named small proliferative adipocytes (SPA). In this study, we investigated the characteristics and roles of SPA in adipose tissue. Epididymal and inguinal fat was digested by collagenase, and then SPA were separated by centrifugation from stromal vascular cells (SVC) and mature white adipocytes. To clarify the feature of gene expression in SPA, microarray and real-time PCR were performed. The expression of adipocyte-specific genes and several neuronal genes was increased in the order of SVC < SPA < mature white adipocytes. In addition, proliferin was detected only in SPA. SPA differentiated more effectively into lipid-laden cells than SVC. Moreover, differentiated SPA expressed uncoupling protein 1 and mitochondria-related genes more than differentiated SVC. Treatment of SPA with pioglitazone and CL316243, a specific β3-adrenergic receptor agonist, differentiated SPA into beige-like cells. Therefore, SPA are able to differentiate into beige cells. SPA isolated from epididymal fat (epididymal SPA), but not SPA from inguinal fat (inguinal SPA), expressed a marker of visceral adipocyte precursor, WT1. However, no significant differences were detected in the expression levels of adipocyte-specific genes or neuronal genes between epididymal and inguinal SPA. The ability to differentiate into lipid-laden cells in epididymal SPA was a little superior to that in inguinal SPA, whereas the ability to differentiate into beige-like cells was greater in inguinal SPA than epididymal SPA. In conclusion, SPA may be progenitors of beige cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Koichiro Taguchi
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Kazuo Kajita
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
- Correspondence should be addressed to K Kajita:
| | - Yoshihiko Kitada
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Masayuki Fuwa
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Motochika Asano
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Takahide Ikeda
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Toshiko Kajita
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
| | - Tatsuo Ishizaka
- Department of General Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, Gifu Municipal Hospital, Gifu, Japan
| | - Itaru Kojima
- Laboratory of Cell Physiology, Institute for Molecular and Cellular Regulation, Gunma University, Gunma, Japan
| | - Hiroyuki Morita
- Department of General Internal Medicine, Gifu University Graduate School of Medicine, Gifu, Japan
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Yi D, Nguyen HP, Sul HS. Epigenetic dynamics of the thermogenic gene program of adipocytes. Biochem J 2020; 477:1137-1148. [PMID: 32219439 PMCID: PMC8594062 DOI: 10.1042/bcj20190599] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 03/09/2020] [Accepted: 03/11/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Brown adipose tissue (BAT) is a metabolically beneficial organ capable of burning fat by dissipating chemical energy into heat, thereby increasing energy expenditure. Moreover, subcutaneous white adipose tissue can undergo so-called browning/beiging. The recent recognition of the presence of brown or beige adipocytes in human adults has attracted much attention to elucidate the molecular mechanism underlying the thermogenic adipose program. Many key transcriptional regulators critical for the thermogenic gene program centering on activating the UCP1 promoter, have been discovered. Thermogenic gene expression in brown adipocytes rely on co-ordinated actions of a multitude of transcription factors, including EBF2, PPARγ, Zfp516 and Zc3h10. These transcription factors probably integrate into a cohesive network for BAT gene program. Moreover, these transcription factors recruit epigenetic factors, such as LSD1 and MLL3/4, for specific histone signatures to establish the favorable chromatin landscape. In this review, we discuss advances made in understanding the molecular mechanism underlying the thermogenic gene program, particularly epigenetic regulation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Danielle Yi
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology and Endocrinology Program, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, U.S.A
| | - Hai P Nguyen
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology and Endocrinology Program, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, U.S.A
| | - Hei Sook Sul
- Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology and Endocrinology Program, University of California, Berkeley, CA 94720, U.S.A
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Gan M, Shen L, Wang S, Guo Z, Zheng T, Tan Y, Fan Y, Liu L, Chen L, Jiang A, Li X, Zhang S, Zhu L. Genistein inhibits high fat diet-induced obesity through miR-222 by targeting BTG2 and adipor1. Food Funct 2020; 11:2418-2426. [PMID: 32129363 DOI: 10.1039/c9fo00861f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 37] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Obesity and diabetes mellitus have become major health problems worldwide. In recent years, genistein has been found to be capable of inhibiting obesity and alleviating insulin resistance. However, the molecular mechanism of genistein against obesity is still not fully understood. In this study, we used 3T3-L1 preadipocytes and obese mice as models to explore the molecular mechanism of genistein against obesity. We found that genistein can inhibit obesity and downregulate the expression of miR-222 in mouse adipose tissue. In 3T3-L1 preadipocytes, treatment with miR-222 inhibitor or genistein reduced the expression of miR-222 and promoted lipid decomposition, while miR-222 treatment increased the expression of miR-222 and inhibited lipolysis. Moreover, the dual-luciferase reporter assay system confirmed that BTG2 and adipor1 are the target genes of miR-222. Experiments conducted in vitro and in vivo suggest that genistein may regulate lipid metabolism in the adipose tissue of obese mice by regulating the expression of miR-222 and its target genes, BTG2 and adipor1. Our findings provide a new epigenetic mechanism underpinning the ability of genistein to resist obesity. These results may provide a reference point for the dietary treatment of obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mailin Gan
- College of Animal Science and Technology, Sichuan Agricultural University, Chengdu, Sichuan 611130, China.
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He P, Hou B, Li Y, Xu C, Ma P, Lam SM, Gil V, Yang X, Yang X, Zhang L, Shui G, Song J, Qiang G, Liew CW, Du G. Lipid Profiling Reveals Browning Heterogeneity of White Adipose Tissue by Β3-Adrenergic Stimulation. Biomolecules 2019; 9:biom9090444. [PMID: 31484405 PMCID: PMC6770315 DOI: 10.3390/biom9090444] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2019] [Revised: 08/27/2019] [Accepted: 08/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: White adipose tissue (WAT) browning confers beneficial effects on metabolic diseases. However, visceral adipose tissue (VAT) is not as susceptible to browning as subcutaneous adipose tissue (SAT). Aim: Interpreting the heterogeneity of VAT and SAT in brown remodeling and provide promising lipid targets to promote WAT browning. Methods: We first investigated the effects of β3-adrenergic stimulation by CL316,243 on systemic metabolism. Then, high-coverage targeted lipidomics approach with multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) was utilized to provide extensive detection of lipid metabolites in VAT and SAT. Results: CL316,243 notably ameliorated the systemic metabolism and induced brown remodeling of SAT but browning resistance of VAT. Comprehensive lipidomics analysis revealed browning heterogeneity of VAT and SAT with more dramatic alteration of lipid classes and species in VAT rather than SAT, though VAT is resistant to browning. Adrenergic stimulation differentially affected glycerides content in VAT and SAT and boosted the abundance of more glycerophospholipids species in VAT than in SAT. Besides, CL316,243 increased sphingolipids in VAT without changes in SAT, meanwhile, elevated cardiolipin species more prominently in VAT than in SAT. Conclusions: We demonstrated the browning heterogeneity of WAT and identified potential lipid biomarkers which may provide lipid targets for overcoming VAT browning resistance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ping He
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Biyu Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yanliang Li
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Chunyang Xu
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Peng Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Sin Man Lam
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Victoria Gil
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA
| | - Xinyu Yang
- College of Pharmacy, Guangdong Medical University, Dongguan 523808, China
| | - Xiuying Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Li Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Guanghou Shui
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Developmental Biology, Institute of Genetics and Developmental Biology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China
| | - Junke Song
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Guifen Qiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Beijing 100050, China.
| | - Chong Wee Liew
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, College of Medicine, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60612, USA.
| | - Guanhua Du
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substances and Functions of Natural Medicines, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College and Beijing Key Laboratory of Drug Target and Screening Research, Beijing 100050, China.
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Nic-Can GI, Rodas-Junco BA, Carrillo-Cocom LM, Zepeda-Pedreguera A, Peñaloza-Cuevas R, Aguilar-Ayala FJ, Rojas-Herrera RA. Epigenetic Regulation of Adipogenic Differentiation by Histone Lysine Demethylation. Int J Mol Sci 2019; 20:E3918. [PMID: 31408999 PMCID: PMC6719019 DOI: 10.3390/ijms20163918] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2019] [Accepted: 07/29/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Obesity is a rising public health problem that contributes to the development of several metabolic diseases and cancer. Adipocyte precursors outside of adipose depots that expand due to overweight and obesity may have a negative impact on human health. Determining how progenitor cells acquire a preadipocyte commitment and become mature adipocytes remains a significant challenge. Over the past several years, we have learned that the establishment of cellular identity is widely influenced by changes in histone marks, which in turn modulate chromatin structure. In this regard, histone lysine demethylases (KDMs) are now emerging as key players that shape chromatin through their ability to demethylate almost all major histone methylation sites. Recent research has shown that KDMs orchestrate the chromatin landscape, which mediates the activation of adipocyte-specific genes. In addition, KDMs have functions in addition to their enzymatic activity, which are beginning to be revealed, and their dysregulation seems to be related to the development of metabolic disorders. In this review, we highlight the biological functions of KDMs that contribute to the establishment of a permissive or repressive chromatin environment during the mesenchymal stem cell transition into adipocytes. Understanding how KDMs regulate adipogenesis might prompt the development of new strategies for fighting obesity-related diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Geovanny I Nic-Can
- CONACYT-Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán.; Periférico Norte Kilómetro 33.5, Tablaje Catastral 13615, Chuburná de Hidalgo Inn, Mérida 97203, Yucatán, Mexico.
- Laboratorio Translacional de Células Troncales-Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Calle 61-A X Av, Itzaes Costado Sur "Parque de la Paz", Col. Centro, Mérida 97000, Yucatán, Mexico.
| | - Beatriz A Rodas-Junco
- CONACYT-Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán.; Periférico Norte Kilómetro 33.5, Tablaje Catastral 13615, Chuburná de Hidalgo Inn, Mérida 97203, Yucatán, Mexico
- Laboratorio Translacional de Células Troncales-Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Calle 61-A X Av, Itzaes Costado Sur "Parque de la Paz", Col. Centro, Mérida 97000, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Leydi M Carrillo-Cocom
- Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán.; Periférico Norte Kilómetro 33.5, Tablaje Catastral 13615, Chuburná de Hidalgo Inn, Mérida 97203, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Alejandro Zepeda-Pedreguera
- Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán.; Periférico Norte Kilómetro 33.5, Tablaje Catastral 13615, Chuburná de Hidalgo Inn, Mérida 97203, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Ricardo Peñaloza-Cuevas
- Laboratorio Translacional de Células Troncales-Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Calle 61-A X Av, Itzaes Costado Sur "Parque de la Paz", Col. Centro, Mérida 97000, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Fernando J Aguilar-Ayala
- Laboratorio Translacional de Células Troncales-Facultad de Odontología, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán, Calle 61-A X Av, Itzaes Costado Sur "Parque de la Paz", Col. Centro, Mérida 97000, Yucatán, Mexico
| | - Rafael A Rojas-Herrera
- Facultad de Ingeniería Química, Universidad Autónoma de Yucatán.; Periférico Norte Kilómetro 33.5, Tablaje Catastral 13615, Chuburná de Hidalgo Inn, Mérida 97203, Yucatán, Mexico
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Senese R, Cioffi F, De Matteis R, Petito G, de Lange P, Silvestri E, Lombardi A, Moreno M, Goglia F, Lanni A. 3,5 Diiodo-l-Thyronine (T₂) Promotes the Browning of White Adipose Tissue in High-Fat Diet-Induced Overweight Male Rats Housed at Thermoneutrality. Cells 2019; 8:cells8030256. [PMID: 30889829 PMCID: PMC6468521 DOI: 10.3390/cells8030256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/08/2019] [Revised: 03/08/2019] [Accepted: 03/14/2019] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
The conversion of white adipose cells into beige adipose cells is known as browning, a process affecting energy metabolism. It has been shown that 3,5 diiodo-l-thyronine (T₂), an endogenous metabolite of thyroid hormones, stimulates energy expenditure and a reduction in fat mass. In light of the above, the purpose of this study was to test whether in an animal model of fat accumulation, T₂ has the potential to activate a browning process and to explore the underlying mechanism. Three groups of rats were used: (i) receiving a standard diet for 14 weeks; (ii) receiving a high-fat diet (HFD) for 14 weeks; and (iii) receiving a high fat diet for 10 weeks and being subsequently treated for four weeks with an HFD together with the administration of T₂. We showed that T₂ was able to induce a browning in the white adipose tissue of T₂-treated rats. We also showed that some miRNA (miR133a and miR196a) and MAP kinase 6 were involved in this process. These results indicate that, among others, the browning may be another cellular/molecular mechanism by which T₂ exerts its beneficial effects of contrast to overweight and of reduction of fat mass in rats subjected to HFD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rosalba Senese
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", 81100 Caserta, Italy.
| | - Federica Cioffi
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy.
| | - Rita De Matteis
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, Urbino University, 61029 Urbino, Italy.
| | - Giuseppe Petito
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", 81100 Caserta, Italy.
| | - Pieter de Lange
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", 81100 Caserta, Italy.
| | - Elena Silvestri
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy.
| | - Assunta Lombardi
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, 80126 Naples, Italy.
| | - Maria Moreno
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy.
| | - Fernando Goglia
- Department of Sciences and Technologies, University of Sannio, 82100 Benevento, Italy.
| | - Antonia Lanni
- Department of Environmental, Biological and Pharmaceutical Sciences and Technologies, University of Campania "L. Vanvitelli", 81100 Caserta, Italy.
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Abstract
PURPOSE OF REVIEW The current review provides an update on secreted factors and mechanisms that promote a thermogenic program in beige adipocytes, and their potential roles as therapeutic targets to fight obesity. RECENT FINDINGS We outline recent studies revealing unrecognized mechanisms controlling beige adipocyte physiology, and summarize in particular those that underlie beige thermogenesis independently of classical uncoupling. We also update strategies aimed at fostering beige adipogenesis and white-to beige adipocyte conversion. Finally, we summarize newly identified endogenous secreted factors that promote the thermogenic activation of beige adipocytes and discuss their therapeutic potential. SUMMARY The identification of novel endogenous factors that promote beiging and regulate beige adipocyte-specific physiological pathways opens up new avenues for therapeutic engineering targeting obesity and related metabolic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Allison E. McQueen
- Metabolic Biology Graduate Program and Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley
| | - Suneil K. Koliwad
- The Diabetes Center and Department of Medicine, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California, USA
| | - Jen-Chywan Wang
- Metabolic Biology Graduate Program and Department of Nutritional Sciences and Toxicology, University of California Berkeley, Berkeley
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