1
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Ain QT. Recent development of nanomaterials-based PDT to improve immunogenic cell death. Photochem Photobiol Sci 2024:10.1007/s43630-024-00638-y. [PMID: 39320675 DOI: 10.1007/s43630-024-00638-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2024] [Accepted: 09/11/2024] [Indexed: 09/26/2024]
Abstract
Photodynamic therapy (PDT) is a clinically approved therapeutic modality for treating oncological and non-oncological disorders. PDT has proclaimed multiple benefits over further traditional cancer therapies including its minimal systemic toxicity and selective ability to eliminate irradiated tumors. In PDT, a photosensitizing substance localizes in tumor tissues and becomes active when exposed to a particular wavelength of laser light. This produces reactive oxygen species (ROS), which induce neoplastic cells to die and lead to the regression of tumors. The contributions of ROS to PDT-induced tumor destruction are described by three basic processes including direct or indirect cell death, vascular destruction, and immunogenic cell death. However, the efficiency of PDT is significantly limited by the inherent nature and tumor microenvironment. Combining immunotherapy with PDT has recently been shown to improve tumor immunogenicity while decreasing immunoregulatory repression, thereby gently modifying the anticancer immune response with long-term immunological memory effects. This review highlights the fundamental ideas, essential elements, and mechanisms of PDT as well as nanomaterial-based PDT to boost tumor immunogenicity. Moreover, the synergistic use of immunotherapy in combination with PDT to enhance immune responses against tumors is emphasized.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qura Tul Ain
- Department of Physics, The Women University Multan, Khawajabad, Multan, Pakistan.
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2
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Wu N, Zheng W, Zhou Y, Tian Y, Tang M, Feng X, Ashrafizadeh M, Wang Y, Niu X, Tambuwala M, Wang L, Tergaonkar V, Sethi G, Klionsky D, Huang L, Gu M. Autophagy in aging-related diseases and cancer: Principles, regulatory mechanisms and therapeutic potential. Ageing Res Rev 2024; 100:102428. [PMID: 39038742 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2024.102428] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2024] [Revised: 07/05/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 07/24/2024]
Abstract
Macroautophagy/autophagy is primarily accountable for the degradation of damaged organelles and toxic macromolecules in the cells. Regarding the essential function of autophagy for preserving cellular homeostasis, changes in, or dysfunction of, autophagy flux can lead to disease development. In the current paper, the complicated function of autophagy in aging-associated pathologies and cancer is evaluated, highlighting the underlying molecular mechanisms that can affect longevity and disease pathogenesis. As a natural biological process, a reduction in autophagy is observed with aging, resulting in an accumulation of cell damage and the development of different diseases, including neurological disorders, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer. The MTOR, AMPK, and ATG proteins demonstrate changes during aging, and they are promising therapeutic targets. Insulin/IGF1, TOR, PKA, AKT/PKB, caloric restriction and mitochondrial respiration are vital for lifespan regulation and can modulate or have an interaction with autophagy. The specific types of autophagy, such as mitophagy that degrades mitochondria, can regulate aging by affecting these organelles and eliminating those mitochondria with genomic mutations. Autophagy and its specific types contribute to the regulation of carcinogenesis and they are able to dually enhance or decrease cancer progression. Cancer hallmarks, including proliferation, metastasis, therapy resistance and immune reactions, are tightly regulated by autophagy, supporting the conclusion that autophagy is a promising target in cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Na Wu
- Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
| | - Wenhui Zheng
- Department of Anesthesiology, The Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China
| | - Yundong Zhou
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Ningbo Medical Center Lihuili Hospital, Ningbo University, Ningbo, Zhejiang 315040, China
| | - Yu Tian
- School of Public Health, Benedictine University, No.5700 College Road, Lisle, IL 60532, USA; Research Center, the Huizhou Central People's Hospital, Guangdong Medical University, Huizhou, Guangdong, China
| | - Min Tang
- Department of Oncology, Chongqing General Hospital, Chongqing University, Chongqing 401120, China
| | - Xiaoqiang Feng
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Gaozhou People's Hospital, Gaozhou, Guangdong 525200, China
| | - Milad Ashrafizadeh
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Radiation Oncology, Shandong Cancer Hospital and Institute, Shandong First Medical University, Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, Shandong 250000, China; Shanghai Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases, Zhongshan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, 200032, China
| | - Yuzhuo Wang
- Department of Urologic Sciences and Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H3Z6, Canada
| | - Xiaojia Niu
- Department of Urologic Sciences and Vancouver Prostate Centre, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V6H3Z6, Canada
| | - Murtaza Tambuwala
- Lincoln Medical School, University of Lincoln, Brayford Pool Campus, Lincoln LN6 7TS, UK
| | - Lingzhi Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 16 Medical Drive, Singapore 117600, Singapore
| | - Vinay Tergaonkar
- Laboratory of NF-κB Signalling, Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology (IMCB), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A⁎STAR), 61 Biopolis Drive, Proteos, Singapore 138673, Singapore
| | - Gautam Sethi
- Department of Pharmacology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 16 Medical Drive, Singapore 117600, Singapore; NUS Centre for Cancer Research (N2CR), Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117599, Singapore.
| | - Daniel Klionsky
- Life Sciences Institute and Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, MI, USA.
| | - Li Huang
- Center of Stem Cell and Regenerative Medicine, Gaozhou People's Hospital, Gaozhou, Guangdong 525200, China.
| | - Ming Gu
- Department of Breast Surgery, The First Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning 110001, China.
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3
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Huang SE, Hsu JH, Shiau BW, Liu YC, Wu BN, Dai ZK, Liu CP, Yeh JL. Optimizing myocardial cell protection with xanthine derivative KMUP-3 potentiates autophagy through the PI3K/Akt/eNOS axis. Basic Clin Pharmacol Toxicol 2024; 134:818-832. [PMID: 38583870 DOI: 10.1111/bcpt.14007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/04/2024] [Revised: 03/04/2024] [Accepted: 03/13/2024] [Indexed: 04/09/2024]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Autophagy can have either beneficial or detrimental effects on various heart diseases. Pharmacological interventions improve cardiac function, which is correlated with enhanced autophagy. To assess whether a xanthine derivative (KMUP-3) treatment coincides with enhanced autophagy while also providing cardio-protection, we investigated the hypothesis that KMUP-3 treatment activation of autophagy through PI3K/Akt/eNOS signalling offered cardioprotective properties. METHODS The pro-autophagic effect of KMUP-3 was performed in a neonatal rat model targeting cardiac fibroblasts and cardiomyocytes, and by assessing the impact of KMUP-3 treatment on cardiotoxicity, we used antimycin A-induced cardiomyocytes. RESULTS As determined by transmission electron microscopy observation, KMUP-3 enhanced autophagosome formation in cardiac fibroblasts. Furthermore, KMUP-3 significantly increased the expressions of autophagy-related proteins, LC3 and Beclin-1, both in a time- and dose-dependent manner; moreover, the pro-autophagy and nitric oxide enhancement effects of KMUP-3 were abolished by inhibitors targeting eNOS and PI3K in cardiac fibroblasts and cardiomyocytes. Notably, KMUP-3 ameliorated cytotoxic effects induced by antimycin A, demonstrating its protective autophagic response. CONCLUSION These findings enable the core pathway of PI3K/Akt/eNOS axis in KMUP-3-enhanced autophagy activation and suggest its principal role in safeguarding against cardiotoxicity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shang-En Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Jong-Hau Hsu
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Bo-Wen Shiau
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Yi-Ching Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Bin-Nan Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | - Zen-Kong Dai
- Department of Pediatrics, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
| | | | - Jwu-Lai Yeh
- Department of Pharmacology, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
- Department of Marine Biotechnology and Resources, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan
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4
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Liu B, Yao X, Shang Y, Dai J. The multiple roles of autophagy in uveal melanoma and the microenvironment. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 2024; 150:121. [PMID: 38467935 PMCID: PMC10927889 DOI: 10.1007/s00432-023-05576-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/22/2023] [Accepted: 11/09/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2024]
Abstract
PURPOSE Uveal melanoma (UM) is the most common primary malignant intraocular tumor in adults, and effective clinical treatment strategies are still lacking. Autophagy is a lysosome-dependent degradation system that can encapsulate abnormal proteins, damaged organelles. However, dysfunctional autophagy has multiple types and plays a complex role in tumorigenicity depending on many factors, such as tumor stage, microenvironment, signaling pathway activation, and application of autophagic drugs. METHODS A systematic review of the literature was conducted to analyze the role of autophagy in UM, as well as describing the development of autophagic drugs and the link between autophagy and the tumor microenvironment. RESULTS In this review, we summarize current research advances regarding the types of autophagy, the mechanisms of autophagy, the application of autophagy inhibitors or agonists, autophagy and the tumor microenvironment. Finally, we also discuss the relationship between autophagy and UM. CONCLUSION Understanding the molecular mechanisms of how autophagy differentially affects tumor progression may help to design better therapeutic regimens to prevent and treat UM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bo Liu
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xueting Yao
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Longhua Hospital, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, China
| | - Yu Shang
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Jinhui Dai
- Department of Ophthalmology, Zhongshan Hospital Affiliated to Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
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5
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Zheng M, Zhang XY, Chen W, Xia F, Yang H, Yuan K, Yang P. Molecules inducing specific cyclin-dependent kinase degradation and their possible use in cancer therapy. Future Med Chem 2024; 16:369-388. [PMID: 38288571 DOI: 10.4155/fmc-2023-0259] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/01/2023] [Accepted: 01/12/2024] [Indexed: 02/07/2024] Open
Abstract
Cyclin-dependent kinases (CDKs) play an important role in the regulation of cell proliferation, and many CDK inhibitors were developed. However, pan-CDK inhibitors failed to be approved due to intolerant toxicity or low efficacy and the use of selective CDK4/6 inhibitors is limited by resistance. Protein degraders have the potential to increase selectivity, efficacy and overcome resistance, which provides a novel strategy for regulating CDKs. In this review, we summarized the function of CDKs in regulating the cell cycle and transcription, and introduced the representative CDK inhibitors. Then we made a detailed introduction about four types of CDKs degraders, including their action mechanisms, research status and application prospects, which could help the development of novel CDKs degraders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingming Zheng
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Xiao-Yu Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Weijiao Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Fei Xia
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Huanaoyu Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Kai Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
| | - Peng Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Natural Medicines and Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Drug Design and Optimization, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 210009, China
- Department of Medicinal Chemistry, School of Pharmacy, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
- Institute of Innovative Drug Discovery and Development, China Pharmaceutical University, Nanjing, 211198, China
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6
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Peng H, Kaplan N, Liu M, Jiang H, Lavker RM. Keeping an Eye Out for Autophagy in the Cornea: Sample Preparation for Single-Cell RNA-Sequencing. Methods Mol Biol 2023:10.1007/7651_2023_502. [PMID: 37930627 PMCID: PMC11162605 DOI: 10.1007/7651_2023_502] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/07/2023]
Abstract
Single-cell RNA-sequencing (scRNA-seq) is a powerful technique that can barcode individual cells and thus used to obtain a gene expression profile for every individual cell within a tissue. This makes scRNA-seq an excellent method for characterizing rare cell populations such as stem cells. We describe how scRNA-seq can be utilized to examine limbal epithelial stem cell population as well as investigate the contribution of autophagy to the function of limbal epithelial stem cells. To accomplish this, we used the Beclin1 heterozygous (Beclin1 het) mouse, a well-established model of autophagy deficiency. We provide a protocol that we developed for the isolation of viable, single-cell suspensions of limbal/corneal tissues, as well as the analysis of scRNA-seq data.
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Affiliation(s)
- Han Peng
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Nihal Kaplan
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Min Liu
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
| | - Huimin Jiang
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA
- Department of Ophthalmology, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, China
| | - Robert M Lavker
- Department of Dermatology, Northwestern University, Chicago, IL, USA.
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7
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Li W, Wu M, Li Y, Shen J. Reactive nitrogen species as therapeutic targets for autophagy/mitophagy modulation to relieve neurodegeneration in multiple sclerosis: Potential application for drug discovery. Free Radic Biol Med 2023; 208:37-51. [PMID: 37532065 DOI: 10.1016/j.freeradbiomed.2023.07.032] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/06/2023] [Revised: 07/28/2023] [Accepted: 07/31/2023] [Indexed: 08/04/2023]
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a neuroinflammatory disease with limited therapeutic effects, eventually developing into handicap. Seeking novel therapeutic strategies for MS is timely important. Active autophagy/mitophagy could mediate neurodegeneration, while its roles in MS remain controversial. To elucidate the exact roles of autophagy/mitophagy and reveal its in-depth regulatory mechanisms, we conduct a systematic literature study and analyze the factors that might be responsible for divergent results obtained. The dynamic change levels of autophagy/mitophagy appear to be a determining factor for final neuron fate during MS pathology. Excessive neuronal autophagy/mitophagy contributes to neurodegeneration after disease onset at the active MS phase. Reactive nitrogen species (RNS) serve as key regulators for redox-related modifications and participate in autophagy/mitophagy modulation in MS. Nitric oxide (•NO) and peroxynitrite (ONOO-), two representative RNS, could nitrate or nitrosate Drp1/parkin/PINK1 pathway, activating excessive mitophagy and aggravating neuronal injury. Targeting RNS-mediated excessive autophagy/mitophagy could be a promising strategy for developing novel anti-MS drugs. In this review, we highlight the important roles of RNS-mediated autophagy/mitophagy in neuronal injury and review the potential therapeutic compounds with the bioactivities of inhibiting RNS-mediated autophagy/mitophagy activation and attenuating MS progression. Overall, we conclude that reactive nitrogen species could be promising therapeutic targets to regulate autophagy/mitophagy for multiple sclerosis treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenting Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Meiling Wu
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
| | - Yuzhen Li
- Department of Pharmacy, The Eighth Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-Sen University, Shenzhen, China.
| | - Jiangang Shen
- School of Chinese Medicine, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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8
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Asare PF, Hurtado PR, Tran HB, Perkins GB, Roscioli E, Hodge S. Reduction in Rubicon by cigarette smoke is associated with impaired phagocytosis and occurs through lysosomal degradation pathway. Clin Exp Med 2023; 23:4041-4055. [PMID: 37310658 DOI: 10.1007/s10238-023-01105-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2023] [Accepted: 05/26/2023] [Indexed: 06/14/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND A common feature of COPD is a defective lung macrophage phagocytic capacity that can contribute to chronic lung inflammation and infection. The precise mechanisms remain incompletely understood, although cigarette smoke is a known contributor. We previously showed deficiency of the LC3-associated phagocytosis (LAP) regulator, Rubicon, in macrophages from COPD subjects and in response to cigarette smoke. The current study investigated the molecular basis by which cigarette smoke extract (CSE) reduces Rubicon in THP-1, alveolar and blood monocyte-derived macrophages, and the relationship between Rubicon deficiency and CSE-impaired phagocytosis. METHODOLOGY Phagocytic capacity of CSE-treated macrophages was measured by flow cytometry, Rubicon expression by Western blot and real time polymerase chain reaction, and autophagic-flux by LC3 and p62 levels. The effect of CSE on Rubicon degradation was determined using cycloheximide inhibition and Rubicon protein synthesis and half-life assessment. RESULTS Phagocytosis was significantly impaired in CSE-exposed macrophages and strongly correlated with Rubicon expression. CSE-impaired autophagy, accelerated Rubicon degradation, and reduced its half-life. Lysosomal protease inhibitors, but not proteasome inhibitors, attenuated this effect. Autophagy induction did not significantly affect Rubicon expression. CONCLUSIONS CSE decreases Rubicon through the lysosomal degradation pathway. Rubicon degradation and/or LAP impairment may contribute to dysregulated phagocytosis perpetuated by CSE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patrick F Asare
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia.
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Faculty of Health and Medical Science, The University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia.
| | - Plinio R Hurtado
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Department of Renal Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Hai B Tran
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Griffith B Perkins
- Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, School of Biological Sciences, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, SA, Australia
| | - Eugene Roscioli
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
| | - Sandra Hodge
- School of Medicine, University of Adelaide, Adelaide, Australia
- Department of Thoracic Medicine, Royal Adelaide Hospital, Adelaide, Australia
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9
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Minciuna I, Gallage S, Heikenwalder M, Zelber-Sagi S, Dufour JF. Intermittent fasting-the future treatment in NASH patients? Hepatology 2023; 78:1290-1305. [PMID: 37057877 DOI: 10.1097/hep.0000000000000330] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/16/2022] [Accepted: 01/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/15/2023]
Abstract
NASH is one of the leading causes of chronic liver disease with the potential of evolving towards end-stage liver disease and HCC, even in the absence of cirrhosis. Apart from becoming an increasingly prevalent indication for liver transplantation in cirrhotic and HCC patients, its burden on the healthcare system is also exerted by the increased number of noncirrhotic NASH patients. Intermittent fasting has recently gained more interest in the scientific community as a possible treatment approach for different components of metabolic syndrome. Basic science and clinical studies have shown that apart from inducing body weight loss, improving cardiometabolic parameters, namely blood pressure, cholesterol, and triglyceride levels; insulin and glucose metabolism; intermittent fasting can reduce inflammatory markers, endoplasmic reticulum stress, oxidative stress, autophagy, and endothelial dysfunction, as well as modulate gut microbiota. This review aims to further explore the main NASH pathogenetic metabolic drivers on which intermittent fasting can act upon and improve the prognosis of the disease, and summarize the current clinical evidence.
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Affiliation(s)
- Iulia Minciuna
- Regional Institute of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Octavian Fodor, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
- University of Medicine and Pharmacy Iuliu Hatieganu, Cluj-Napoca, Romania
| | - Suchira Gallage
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
- M3 Research Institute, Medical Faculty Tuebingen (MFT), Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Mathias Heikenwalder
- M3 Research Institute, Medical Faculty Tuebingen (MFT), Tuebingen, Germany
- Division of Chronic Inflammation and Cancer, German Cancer Research Center (DKFZ), Heidelberg, Germany
| | - Shira Zelber-Sagi
- School of Public Health, Faculty of Social Welfare and Health Sciences, University of Haifa, Haifa, Israel
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10
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Shegefti S, Bolori S, Nabavi-Rad A, Dabiri H, Yadegar A, Baghaei K. Helicobacter pylori-derived outer membrane vesicles suppress liver autophagy: A novel mechanism for H. pylori-mediated hepatic disorder. Microb Pathog 2023; 183:106319. [PMID: 37619914 DOI: 10.1016/j.micpath.2023.106319] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/11/2023] [Revised: 08/18/2023] [Accepted: 08/22/2023] [Indexed: 08/26/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Helicobacter pylori outer membrane vesicles (OMVs) are nano-sized structures, which have been recently suggested to play a crucial role in H. pylori pathogenesis. There are growing evidence indicating the relationship of H. pylori infection with extra-gastroduodenal diseases, especially liver-related disorders. This study was aimed to investigate the effects of H. pylori-derived OMVs on autophagy in hepatic stellate cells (HSCs). MATERIAL AND METHODS A selection of five clinical strains of H. pylori with different virulence genotypes were included. The OMVs were isolated by ultracentrifugation and characterized by scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and dynamic light scattering (DLS). The protein concentration of OMVs was measured by BCA assay. MTT assay was used to determine the viability of LX-2 cells (human HSCs) treated with OMVs. The expression level of MTOR, AKT, PI3K, BECN1, ATG16 and LC3B genes was assessed in OMVs-treated LX-2 cells using quantitative real-time PCR. Moreover, immunocytochemistry was performed to evaluate the protein expression of MTOR and LC3B autophagy markers. RESULTS H. pylori strains produced round shape nano-vesicles ranging from 50 to 500 nm. Treatment of HSCs with H. pylori-derived OMVs at concentration of 10 μg/mL for 24 h significantly elevated the expression of autophagy inhibitory markers (PI3K, AKT, and MTOR) and suppressed the mRNA expression level of autophagy core proteins (BECN1, ATG16 and LC3B). Immunocytochemistry also presented a substantial reduction in the concentration of LC3B autophagy core protein, and a marked elevation in the amount of MTOR autophagy inhibitory protein. CONCLUSION This study revealed that H. pylori-derived OMVs could potentially suppress autophagy flux in HSCs as a novel mechanism for H. pylori-mediated liver autophagy impairment and liver disease development. Further studies are required to elucidate the exact role of OMV-carried contents in liver autophagy, and liver-associated disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Saina Shegefti
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Shahin Bolori
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Ali Nabavi-Rad
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hossein Dabiri
- Microbiology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Yadegar
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran; Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
| | - Kaveh Baghaei
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorder Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
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11
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Rodriguez M, Owens F, Perry M, Stone N, Soler Y, Almohtadi R, Zhao Y, Batrakova EV, El-Hage N. Implication of the Autophagy-Related Protein Beclin1 in the Regulation of EcoHIV Replication and Inflammatory Responses. Viruses 2023; 15:1923. [PMID: 37766329 PMCID: PMC10537636 DOI: 10.3390/v15091923] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2023] [Revised: 09/05/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
The protein Beclin1 (BECN1, a mammalian homologue of ATG6 in yeast) plays an important role in the initiation and the normal process of autophagy in cells. Moreover, we and others have shown that Beclin1 plays an important role in viral replication and the innate immune signaling pathways. We previously used the cationic polymer polyethyleneimine (PEI) conjugated to mannose (Man) as a non-viral tool for the delivery of a small interfering (si) Beclin1-PEI-Man nanoplex, which specifically targets mannose receptor-expressing glia (microglia and astrocytes) in the brain when administered intranasally to conventional mice. To expand our previous reports, first we used C57BL/6J mice infected with EcoHIV and exposed them to combined antiretroviral therapy (cART). We show that EcoHIV enters the mouse brain, while intranasal delivery of the nanocomplex significantly reduces the secretion of HIV-induced inflammatory molecules and downregulates the expression of the transcription factor nuclear factor (NF)-kB. Since a spectrum of neurocognitive and motor problems can develop in people living with HIV (PLWH) despite suppressive antiretroviral therapy, we subsequently measured the role of Beclin1 in locomotor activities using EcoHIV-infected BECN1 knockout mice exposed to cART. Viral replication and cytokine secretion were reduced in the postmortem brains recovered from EcoHIV-infected Becn1+/- mice when compared to EcoHIV-infected Becn1+/+ mice, although the impairment in locomotor activities based on muscle strength were comparable. This further highlights the importance of Beclin1 in the regulation of HIV replication and in viral-induced cytokine secretion but not in HIV-induced locomotor impairments. Moreover, the cause of HIV-induced locomotor impairments remains speculative, as we show that this may not be entirely due to viral load and/or HIV-induced inflammatory cytokines.
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Affiliation(s)
- Myosotys Rodriguez
- Department of Immunology and Nanomedicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; (M.R.); (F.O.); (M.P.); (N.S.); (Y.S.); (R.A.)
| | - Florida Owens
- Department of Immunology and Nanomedicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; (M.R.); (F.O.); (M.P.); (N.S.); (Y.S.); (R.A.)
| | - Marissa Perry
- Department of Immunology and Nanomedicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; (M.R.); (F.O.); (M.P.); (N.S.); (Y.S.); (R.A.)
| | - Nicole Stone
- Department of Immunology and Nanomedicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; (M.R.); (F.O.); (M.P.); (N.S.); (Y.S.); (R.A.)
| | - Yemmy Soler
- Department of Immunology and Nanomedicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; (M.R.); (F.O.); (M.P.); (N.S.); (Y.S.); (R.A.)
| | - Rianna Almohtadi
- Department of Immunology and Nanomedicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; (M.R.); (F.O.); (M.P.); (N.S.); (Y.S.); (R.A.)
| | - Yuling Zhao
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (Y.Z.); (E.V.B.)
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Elena V. Batrakova
- Center for Nanotechnology in Drug Delivery, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA; (Y.Z.); (E.V.B.)
- Eshelman School of Pharmacy, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
| | - Nazira El-Hage
- Department of Immunology and Nanomedicine, Herbert Wertheim College of Medicine, Florida International University, Miami, FL 33199, USA; (M.R.); (F.O.); (M.P.); (N.S.); (Y.S.); (R.A.)
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12
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Rushing BR. Unlocking the Molecular Secrets of Antifolate Drug Resistance: A Multi-Omics Investigation of the NCI-60 Cell Line Panel. Biomedicines 2023; 11:2532. [PMID: 37760973 PMCID: PMC10526174 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11092532] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2023] [Revised: 09/08/2023] [Accepted: 09/11/2023] [Indexed: 09/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Drug resistance continues to be a significant problem in cancer therapy, leading to relapse and associated mortality. Although substantial progress has been made in understanding drug resistance, significant knowledge gaps remain concerning the molecular underpinnings that drive drug resistance and which processes are unique to certain drug classes. The NCI-60 cell line panel program has evaluated the activity of numerous anticancer agents against many common cancer cell line models and represents a highly valuable resource to study intrinsic drug resistance. Furthermore, great efforts have been undertaken to collect high-quality omics datasets to characterize these cell lines. The current study takes these two sources of data-drug response and omics profiles-and uses a multi-omics investigation to uncover molecular networks that differentiate cancer cells that are sensitive or resistant to antifolates, which is a commonly used class of anticancer drugs. Results from a combination of univariate and multivariate analyses showed numerous metabolic processes that differentiate sensitive and resistant cells, including differences in glycolysis and gluconeogenesis, arginine and proline metabolism, beta-alanine metabolism, purine metabolism, and pyrimidine metabolism. Further analysis using multivariate and integrated pathway analysis indicated purine metabolism as the major metabolic process separating cancer cells sensitive or resistant to antifolates. Additional pathways differentiating sensitive and resistant cells included autophagy-related processes (e.g., phagosome, lysosome, autophagy, mitophagy) and adhesion/cytoskeleton-related pathways (e.g., focal adhesion, regulation of actin cytoskeleton, tight junction). Volcano plot analysis and the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of top selected variables differentiating Q1 and Q4 revealed the importance of genes involved in the regulation of the cytoskeleton and extracellular matrix (ECM). These results provide novel insights toward mechanisms of intrinsic antifolate resistance as it relates to interactions between nucleotide metabolism, autophagy, and the cytoskeleton. These processes should be evaluated in future studies to potentially derive novel therapeutic strategies and personalized treatment approaches to improve antifolate response.
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Affiliation(s)
- Blake R. Rushing
- Nutrition Research Institute, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Kannapolis, NC 28081, USA;
- Department of Nutrition, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Pathology and Laboratory Medicine, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Lineberger Comprehensive Cancer Center, University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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13
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Bayram P, Aksak Karamese S, Özdemir B, Durak A, Billur D. The effects of cisplatin and jaceosidin on SH-SY5Y neuroblastoma cells: an electron microscopic, molecular and biochemical study. Ultrastruct Pathol 2023; 47:388-397. [PMID: 37246956 DOI: 10.1080/01913123.2023.2218911] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/08/2023] [Revised: 05/10/2023] [Accepted: 05/24/2023] [Indexed: 05/30/2023]
Abstract
In this study, our aim was to show both the single and combined effects of cisplatin and jaceosidin in SHSY-5Y neuroblastoma cells. For this purpose, we used MTT cellular viability assay, Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay (ELISA), Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), Immunofluorescence Staining Assay (IFA) and Western blotting (WB) assay. According to MTT findings, IC50 dose was detected as 50 µM cisplatin and 160 µM jaceosidin co-application. Therefore, experimental groups were finally selected as control, cisplatin, 160 µM jaceosidin and Cisplatin +160 µM jaceosidin. Cell viability was decreased in all groups, and the IFA findings confirmed the viability analysis. WB data indicated that matrix metalloproteinase 2 and 9 levels, as indicators of metastasis, decreased. While LPO and CAT levels increased in all treatment groups, it was observed that the activity of SOD decreased. When TEM micrographs were investigated, cellular damages were determined. In the light of these results, it can be said that cisplatin and jaceosidin have a potential to increase the effects of each other synergistically.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pinar Bayram
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
| | - Selina Aksak Karamese
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
| | - Bengul Özdemir
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology and Embryology, Kafkas University, Kars, Turkey
| | - Aysegul Durak
- Faculty of Medicine, Departments of Biophysics, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
| | - Deniz Billur
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Histology-Embryology, Ankara University, Ankara, Turkey
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14
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Johnson AM, Lukens JR. The innate immune response in tauopathies. Eur J Immunol 2023; 53:e2250266. [PMID: 36932726 PMCID: PMC10247424 DOI: 10.1002/eji.202250266] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2023] [Revised: 02/23/2023] [Accepted: 03/15/2023] [Indexed: 03/19/2023]
Abstract
Tauopathies, which include frontotemporal dementia, Alzheimer's disease, and chronic traumatic encephalopathy, are a class of neurological disorders resulting from pathogenic tau aggregates. These aggregates disrupt neuronal health and function leading to the cognitive and physical decline of tauopathy patients. Genome-wide association studies and clinical evidence have brought to light the large role of the immune system in inducing and driving tau-mediated pathology. More specifically, innate immune genes are found to harbor tauopathy risk alleles, and innate immune pathways are upregulated throughout the course of disease. Experimental evidence has expanded on these findings by describing pivotal roles for the innate immune system in the regulation of tau kinases and tau aggregates. In this review, we summarize the literature implicating innate immune pathways as drivers of tauopathy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Alexis M. Johnson
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia (UVA), Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, UVA, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- BIG Training Graduate Program, UVA, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
| | - John R. Lukens
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia (BIG), Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia (UVA), Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, UVA, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
- BIG Training Graduate Program, UVA, Charlottesville, VA 22908, USA
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15
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Wang L, Lin M, Hou X, Dou L, Huang Z, Liu R, Zhang J, Cai C, Chen C, Liu Y, Wang D, Guo D, An R, Wei L, Yao Y, Zhang Y. Black phosphorus quantum dots induce autophagy and apoptosis of human bronchial epithelial cells via endoplasmic reticulum stress. CHEMOSPHERE 2023; 327:138463. [PMID: 36966929 DOI: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2023.138463] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/29/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 03/18/2023] [Indexed: 06/18/2023]
Abstract
PURPOSE The board application of black phosphorus quantum dots (BP-QDs) increases the risk of inhalation exposure in the manufacturing process. The aim of this study is to explore the toxic effect of BP-QDs on human bronchial epithelial cells (Beas-2B) and lung tissue of Balb/c mice. METHODS The BP-QDs were characterized using transmission electron microscopy (TEM) and a Malvern laser particle size analyzer. Cell Counting Kit-8 (CCK-8) and TEM were used to detect cytotoxicity and organelle injury. Damage to the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) was detected by using the ER-Tracker molecular probe. Rates of apoptosis were detected by AnnexinV/PI staining. Phagocytic acid vesicles were detected using AO staining. Western blotting and immunohistochemistry were used to examine the molecular mechanisms. RESULTS After treatment with different concentrations of BP-QDs for 24 h, the cell viability decreased, as well as activation of the ER stress and autophagy. Furthermore, the rate of apoptosis was increased. Inhibition of ER stress caused by 4-phenyl butyric acid (4-PBA) was shown to significantly inhibit both apoptosis and autophagy, suggesting that ER stress could be an upstream mediator of both autophagy and apoptosis. BP-QD-induced autophagy can also inhibit the occurrence of apoptosis using molecules related to autophagy including rapamycin (Rapa), 3-methyladenine (3-MA), and bafilomycin A1 (Bafi A1). In general, BP-QDs activate ER stress in Beas-2B cells, which further induces autophagy and apoptosis, and autophagy may be activated as a factor that protects against apoptosis. We also observed strong staining of related proteins of ER stress, autophagy, and apoptosis proteins in mouse lung tissue following intracheal instillation over the course of a week. CONCLUSION BP-QD-induced ER stress facilitates autophagy and apoptosis in Beas-2B cells and autophagy may be activated as a protective factor against apoptosis. Under conditions of ER stress induced by BP-QDs, The interplay between autophagy and apoptosis determines cell fate.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lei Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Mo Lin
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Xin Hou
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Liangding Dou
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Zhi Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Rong Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Jinwen Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Chuchu Cai
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Chen Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Ying Liu
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Dai Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Dongbei Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Ran An
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China
| | - Lifang Wei
- Department of Nephrology, The Third People's Hospital Affiliated to Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian, China
| | - Youliang Yao
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China.
| | - Yongxing Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Vaccinology and Molecular Diagnostics, School of Public Health, Xiamen University, Xiamen, Fujian, 361102, China.
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16
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Miri AH, Kamankesh M, Rad-Malekshahi M, Yadegar A, Banar M, Hamblin MR, Haririan I, Aghdaei HA, Zali MR. Factors associated with treatment failure, and possible applications of probiotic bacteria in the arsenal against Helicobacter pylori. Expert Rev Anti Infect Ther 2023; 21:617-639. [PMID: 37171213 DOI: 10.1080/14787210.2023.2203382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/13/2023]
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Helicobacter pylori is a widespread helical Gram-negative bacterium, which causes a variety of stomach disorders, such as peptic ulcer, chronic atrophic gastritis, and gastric cancer. This microbe frequently colonizes the mucosal layer of the human stomach and survives in the inhospitable microenvironment, by adapting to this hostile milieu. AREAS COVERED In this extensive review, we describe conventional antibiotic treatment regimens used against H. pylori including, empirical, tailored, and salvage therapies. Then, we present state-of-the-art information about reasons for treatment failure against H. pylori. Afterward, the latest advances in the use of probiotic bacteria against H. pylori infection are discussed. Finally, we propose a polymeric bio-platform to provide efficient delivery of probiotics for H. pylori infection. EXPERT OPINION For effective probiotic delivery systems, it is necessary to avoid the early release of probiotics at the acidic stomach pH, to protect them against enzymes and antimicrobials, and precisely target H. pylori bacteria which have colonized the antrum area of the stomach (basic pH).
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Affiliation(s)
- Amir Hossein Miri
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biomaterials and Medical Biomaterials Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mojtaba Kamankesh
- Polymer Chemistry Department, School of Science, University of Tehran, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mazda Rad-Malekshahi
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biomaterials and Medical Biomaterials Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Abbas Yadegar
- Foodborne and Waterborne Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Maryam Banar
- Department of Pathobiology, School of Public Health, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Michael R Hamblin
- Laser Research Centre, Faculty of Health Science, University of Johannesburg Doornfontein, Johannesburg, South Africa
| | - Ismaeil Haririan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Biomaterials and Medical Biomaterials Research Center, Faculty of Pharmacy, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Hamid Asadzadeh Aghdaei
- Basic and Molecular Epidemiology of Gastrointestinal Disorders Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Mohammad Reza Zali
- Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases Research Center, Research Institute for Gastroenterology and Liver Diseases, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
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17
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Liao D, Shangguan D, Wu Y, Chen Y, Liu N, Tang J, Yao D, Shi Y. Curcumin protects against doxorubicin induced oxidative stress by regulating the Keap1-Nrf2-ARE and autophagy signaling pathways. Psychopharmacology (Berl) 2023; 240:1179-1190. [PMID: 36949340 PMCID: PMC10102057 DOI: 10.1007/s00213-023-06357-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/08/2022] [Accepted: 03/13/2023] [Indexed: 03/24/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Doxorubicin (DOX)-induced neurotoxicity is widely reported in previous studies. Oxidative stress has been validated as a critical event involved in DOX-induced neurotoxicity. As a selective autophagy adaptor protein, p62 is reported to regulate Keap1-Nrf2-ARE antioxidant pathway in response to oxidative stress. Curcumin (CUR) relieves depressive-like state through the mitigation of oxidative stress and the activation of Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway. However, the exact mechanism of CUR in alleviating DOX-induced neurotoxicity is still unknown. MATERIALS AND METHODS The rats were randomly divided into three groups: control group, DOX group, and DOX + CUR group. At the end of 3 weeks, the behavior tests as sucrose preference test (SPT), forced swimming test (FST), and novelty-suppressed feeding test (NSFT) were performed to assess anxiety- and depression-like behaviors. The rats were sacrificed after behavior tests, and the brain tissues were collected for biochemical analysis. RESULTS It was observed that the administration of CUR could effectively reverse DOX-induced depressive-like behaviors. The exposure of DOX activated autophagy and increased oxidative stress levels, and the administration of CUR could significantly inhibit DOX-induced autophagy and suppress oxidative stress. More importantly, we also found that Keap1-Nrf2-ARE signaling pathway was involved in DOX-induced neurotoxicity and oxidative stress regulated by autophagy. CONCLUSION Our study demonstrated that CUR could effectively reverse DOX-induced neurotoxicity through suppressing autophagy and mitigating oxidative stress and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dehua Liao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Danggang Shangguan
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Yi Wu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Yun Chen
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Ni Liu
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Jingyi Tang
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China
| | - Dunwu Yao
- Department of Pharmacy, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China.
| | - Yingrui Shi
- Department of Radiation Oncology, The Affiliated Cancer Hospital of Xiangya School of Medicine, Hunan Cancer Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410011, China.
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18
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Lim SM, Nahm M, Kim SH. Proteostasis and Ribostasis Impairment as Common Cell Death Mechanisms in Neurodegenerative Diseases. J Clin Neurol 2023; 19:101-114. [PMID: 36854331 PMCID: PMC9982182 DOI: 10.3988/jcn.2022.0379] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/01/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/07/2022] [Indexed: 03/02/2023] Open
Abstract
The cellular homeostasis of proteins (proteostasis) and RNA metabolism (ribostasis) are essential for maintaining both the structure and function of the brain. However, aging, cellular stress conditions, and genetic contributions cause disturbances in proteostasis and ribostasis that lead to protein misfolding, insoluble aggregate deposition, and abnormal ribonucleoprotein granule dynamics. In addition to neurons being primarily postmitotic, nondividing cells, they are more susceptible to the persistent accumulation of abnormal aggregates. Indeed, defects associated with the failure to maintain proteostasis and ribostasis are common pathogenic components of age-related neurodegenerative diseases, including Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, and amyotrophic lateral sclerosis. Furthermore, the neuronal deposition of misfolded and aggregated proteins can cause both increased toxicity and impaired physiological function, which lead to neuronal dysfunction and cell death. There is recent evidence that irreversible liquid-liquid phase separation (LLPS) is responsible for the pathogenic aggregate formation of disease-related proteins, including tau, α-synuclein, and RNA-binding proteins, including transactive response DNA-binding protein 43, fused in sarcoma, and heterogeneous nuclear ribonucleoprotein A1. Investigations of LLPS and its control therefore suggest that chaperone/disaggregase, which reverse protein aggregation, are valuable therapeutic targets for effective treatments for neurological diseases. Here we review and discuss recent studies to highlight the importance of understanding the common cell death mechanisms of proteostasis and ribostasis in neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Su Min Lim
- Cell Therapy Center and Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea
| | - Minyeop Nahm
- Dementia Research Group, Korea Brain Research Institute, Daegu, Korea
| | - Seung Hyun Kim
- Cell Therapy Center and Department of Neurology, College of Medicine, Hanyang University, Seoul, Korea.
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19
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Paudel RR, Lu D, Roy Chowdhury S, Monroy EY, Wang J. Targeted Protein Degradation via Lysosomes. Biochemistry 2023; 62:564-579. [PMID: 36130224 DOI: 10.1021/acs.biochem.2c00310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
In the scope of targeted protein degradation (TPD), proteolysis-targeting chimeras (PROTACs), leveraging the ubiquitin-proteasome system, have been extensively studied. However, they are limited to the degradation of soluble and membrane proteins, excluding the aggregated and extracellular proteins and dysfunctional organelles. As an alternative protein degradation pathway, lysosomes serve as a feasible tool for accessing these untouched proteins and/or organelles by proteosomes. Here, we focus on reviewing the emerging lysosome-mediated TPD, such as AUTAC, ATTEC, AUTOTAC, LYTAC, and MoDE-A. Intracellular targets, such as soluble and aggregated proteins and organelles, can be degraded via the autophagy-lysosome pathway. Extracellular targets, such as membrane proteins, and secreted extracellular proteins can be degraded via the endosome-lysosome pathway. In addition, we summarize the mechanism and regulation of autophagy, available methods and assays for monitoring the autophagy process, and the recently developed chemical probes for perturbing the autophagy pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rishi R Paudel
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Dong Lu
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Sandipan Roy Chowdhury
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Erika Y Monroy
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
| | - Jin Wang
- Department of Pharmacology and Chemical Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States.,Department of Molecular and Cellular Biology, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, Texas 77030, United States
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20
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Patra S, Patil S, Klionsky DJ, Bhutia SK. Lysosome signaling in cell survival and programmed cell death for cellular homeostasis. J Cell Physiol 2023; 238:287-305. [PMID: 36502521 DOI: 10.1002/jcp.30928] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/13/2022] [Revised: 11/06/2022] [Accepted: 11/24/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Recent developments in lysosome biology have transformed our view of lysosomes from static garbage disposals that can also act as suicide bags to decidedly dynamic multirole adaptive operators of cellular homeostasis. Lysosome-governed signaling pathways, proteins, and transcription factors equilibrate the rate of catabolism and anabolism (autophagy to lysosomal biogenesis and metabolite pool maintenance) by sensing cellular metabolic status. Lysosomes also interact with other organelles by establishing contact sites through which they exchange cellular contents. Lysosomal function is critically assessed by lysosomal positioning and motility for cellular adaptation. In this setting, mechanistic target of rapamycin kinase (MTOR) is the chief architect of lysosomal signaling to control cellular homeostasis. Notably, lysosomes can orchestrate explicit cell death mechanisms, such as autophagic cell death and lysosomal membrane permeabilization-associated regulated necrotic cell death, to maintain cellular homeostasis. These lines of evidence emphasize that the lysosomes serve as a central signaling hub for cellular homeostasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Srimanta Patra
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India
| | - Shankargouda Patil
- Division of Oral Pathology, Department of Maxillofacial Surgery and Diagnostic Sciences, College of Dentistry, Jazan University, Jazan, Saudi Arabia
| | - Daniel J Klionsky
- Department of Molecular, Cellular and Developmental Biology, Life Sciences Institute, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA
| | - Sujit K Bhutia
- Cancer and Cell Death Laboratory, Department of Life Science, National Institute of Technology, Rourkela, Odisha, India
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21
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Transcription of Autophagy Associated Gene Expression as Possible Predictors of a Colorectal Cancer Prognosis. Biomedicines 2023; 11:biomedicines11020418. [PMID: 36830954 PMCID: PMC9952998 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11020418] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2022] [Revised: 01/26/2023] [Accepted: 01/27/2023] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
(1) Background: Autophagy plays a dual role in oncogenesis-it contributes to the growth of the tumor and can inhibit its development. The aim of this study was to assess changes in the transcriptional activity of LAMP-2, BECN1, PINK1, and FOXO1 genes involved in the autophagy process in histopathologically confirmed adenocarcinoma sections of colorectal cancer: (2) Methods: A gene expression profile analysis was performed using HG-U133A and the RT-qPCR reaction. The transcriptional activity of genes was compared in sections of colorectal cancer in the four clinical stages (CSI-CSIV) concerning the control group; (3) Results: In CSI, the transcriptional activity of the PINK1 gene is highest; in CS II, the LAMP-2 gene is highest, while FOXO1 increases gradually from CSI reaching a maximum in CSIII. There is no BECN1 gene expression in colorectal cancer cells; (4) Conclusions: The observed differences in the mRNA concentration profile of autophagy-related genes in colon cancer specimens may indicate the role of autophagy in the pathogenesis of this cancer. Genes involved in autophagy may be diagnostic tools for colorectal cancer screening and personalized therapy in the future.
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22
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NF-κB1 p50 stabilizes HIF-1α protein through suppression of ATG7-dependent autophagy. Cell Death Dis 2022; 13:1076. [PMID: 36575197 PMCID: PMC9794792 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-022-05521-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2022] [Revised: 12/12/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
The function and underlying mechanisms of p50 in the regulation of protein expression is much less studied because of its lacking of transactivation domain. In this study, we discovered a novel function of p50 in its stabilization of hypoxia-inducible factor 1α (HIF-1α) protein under the condition of cells exposed to arsenic exposure. In p50-deficient (p50-/-) cells, the HIF-1α protein expression was impaired upon arsenic exposure, and such defect could be rescued by reconstitutional expression of p50. Mechanistic study revealed that the inhibition of autophagy-related gene 7 (ATG7)-dependent autophagy was in charge of p50-mediated HIF-1α protein stabilization following arsenic exposure. Moreover, p50 deletion promoted nucleolin (NCL) protein translation to enhance ATG7 mRNA transcription via directly binding transcription factor Sp1 mRNA and increase its stability. We further discovered that p50-mediated miR-494 upregulation gave rise to the inhibition of p50-mediated NCL translation by interacting with its 3'-UTR. These novel findings provide a great insight into the understanding of biomedical significance of p50 protein in arsenite-associated disease development and therapy.
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23
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Ghosh S, Ramadas B, Manna D. Targeted protein degradation using the lysosomal pathway. RSC Med Chem 2022; 13:1476-1494. [PMID: 36561077 PMCID: PMC9749926 DOI: 10.1039/d2md00273f] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2022] [Accepted: 10/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
Degradation strategies have shown enormous promise after the inception of molecules like PROTACs (PRoteolysis TArgeting Chimeras) that induce the degradation of the substrate of choice rather than depending on blocking their catalytic activity like conventional inhibitory drugs. Over the past two decades, the application of PROTACs has made quite an impact, even reaching clinical translations. However, a major class of macromolecular targets, be that large proteins, aggregates, organelles or non-protein substrates, remain untouched when utilizing the ubiquitin-proteasomal pathway of degradation. In this review, we have attempted to cover modalities of targeted degradation that instead focus on recruiting the lysosomal pathway of degradation, which is gaining importance and being explored extensively as alternate and efficient approaches for treating disease-related milieus.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samrajni Ghosh
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri Bhopal-462066 MP India
| | - Bhavana Ramadas
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri Bhopal-462066 MP India
| | - Debasish Manna
- Department of Chemistry, Indian Institute of Science Education and Research Bhopal Bhopal Bypass Road, Bhauri Bhopal-462066 MP India
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24
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Weinberg J, Gaur M, Swaroop A, Taylor A. Proteostasis in aging-associated ocular disease. Mol Aspects Med 2022; 88:101157. [PMID: 36459837 PMCID: PMC9742340 DOI: 10.1016/j.mam.2022.101157] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2022] [Accepted: 11/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Vision impairment has devastating consequences for the quality of human life. The cells and tissues associated with the visual process must function throughout one's life span and maintain homeostasis despite exposure to a variety of insults. Maintenance of the proteome is termed proteostasis, and is vital for normal cellular functions, especially at an advanced age. Here we describe basic aspects of proteostasis, from protein synthesis and folding to degradation, and discuss the current status of the field with a particular focus on major age-related eye diseases: age-related macular degeneration, cataract, and glaucoma. Our intent is to allow vision scientists to determine where and how to harness the proteostatic machinery for extending functional homeostasis in the aging retina, lens, and trabecular meshwork. Several common themes have emerged despite these tissues having vastly different metabolisms. Continued exposure to insults, including chronic stress with advancing age, increases proteostatic burden and reduces the fidelity of the degradation machineries including the ubiquitin-proteasome and the autophagy-lysosome systems that recognize and remove damaged proteins. This "double jeopardy" results in an exponential accumulation of cytotoxic proteins with advancing age. We conclude with a discussion of the challenges in maintaining an appropriate balance of protein synthesis and degradation pathways, and suggest that harnessing proteostatic capacities should provide new opportunities to design interventions for attenuating age-related eye diseases before they limit sight.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasper Weinberg
- Laboratory for Nutrition and Vision Research, USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, 02111, USA
| | - Mohita Gaur
- Neurobiology, Neurodegeneration & Repair Laboratory, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Anand Swaroop
- Neurobiology, Neurodegeneration & Repair Laboratory, National Eye Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, 20892, USA
| | - Allen Taylor
- Laboratory for Nutrition and Vision Research, USDA Human Nutrition Research Center on Aging, Tufts University, Boston, MA, 02111, USA.
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25
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Zhao X, Zhang Q, Zheng R. The interplay between oxidative stress and autophagy in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. Front Physiol 2022; 13:1004275. [PMID: 36225291 PMCID: PMC9548529 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.1004275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/27/2022] [Accepted: 09/07/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved process that is indispensable for cell survival, embryonic development, and tissue homeostasis. Activation of autophagy protects cells against oxidative stress and is a major adaptive response to injury. When autophagy is dysregulated by factors such as smoking, environmental insults and aging, it can lead to enhanced formation of aggressors and production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), resulting in oxidative stress and oxidative damage to cells. ROS activates autophagy, which in turn promotes cell adaptation and reduces oxidative damage by degrading and circulating damaged macromolecules and dysfunctional cell organelles. The cellular response triggered by oxidative stress includes changes in signaling pathways that ultimately regulate autophagy. Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is the most common lung disease among the elderly worldwide, with a high mortality rate. As an induced response to oxidative stress, autophagy plays an important role in the pathogenesis of COPD. This review discusses the regulation of oxidative stress and autophagy in COPD, and aims to provide new avenues for future research on target-specific treatments for COPD.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Rui Zheng
- *Correspondence: Qiang Zhang, ; Rui Zheng,
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26
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Buttari B, Arese M, Oberley-Deegan RE, Saso L, Chatterjee A. NRF2: A crucial regulator for mitochondrial metabolic shift and prostate cancer progression. Front Physiol 2022; 13:989793. [PMID: 36213236 PMCID: PMC9540504 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2022.989793] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2022] [Accepted: 08/31/2022] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Metabolic alterations are a common survival mechanism for prostate cancer progression and therapy resistance. Oxidative stress in the cellular and tumor microenvironment dictates metabolic switching in the cancer cells to adopt, prosper and escape therapeutic stress. Therefore, regulation of oxidative stress in tumor cells and in the tumor-microenvironment may enhance the action of conventional anticancer therapies. NRF2 is the master regulator for oxidative stress management. However, the overall oxidative stress varies with PCa clinical stage, metabolic state and therapy used for the cancer. In agreement, the blanket use of NRF2 inducers or inhibitors along with anticancer therapies cause adverse effects in some preclinical cancer models. In this review, we have summarized the levels of oxidative stress, metabolic preferences and NRF2 activity in the different stages of prostate cancer. We also propose condition specific ways to use NRF2 inducers or inhibitors along with conventional prostate cancer therapies. The significance of this review is not only to provide a detailed understanding of the mechanism of action of NRF2 to regulate oxidative stress-mediated metabolic switching by prostate cancer cells to escape the radiation, chemo, or hormonal therapies, and to grow aggressively, but also to provide a potential therapeutic method to control aggressive prostate cancer growth by stage specific proper use of NRF2 regulators.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brigitta Buttari
- Department of Cardiovascular and Endocrine-metabolic Diseases and Aging, Istituto Superiore di Sanità, Rome, Italy
| | - Marzia Arese
- Department of Biochemical Sciences “A. Rossi Fanelli”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Rebecca E. Oberley-Deegan
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology ‘‘Vittorio Erspamer”, Sapienza University of Rome, Rome, Italy
| | - Arpita Chatterjee
- Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
- *Correspondence: Arpita Chatterjee,
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27
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Zhao P, Qiu H, Wei Q, Li Y, Gao L, Zhao P. Anti-tumor effect of novel amino acid Schiff base nickel (II) complexes on oral squamous cell carcinoma cells (CAL-27) in vitro. Mol Cell Toxicol 2022. [DOI: 10.1007/s13273-022-00255-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
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28
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Augustine J, Jereesh AS. Blood-based gene-expression biomarkers identification for the non-invasive diagnosis of Parkinson's disease using two-layer hybrid feature selection. Gene X 2022; 823:146366. [PMID: 35202733 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146366] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2021] [Revised: 02/15/2022] [Accepted: 02/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most prevalent neurodegenerative diseases. Understanding the molecular mechanism and identifying potential biomarkers of PD promote effective treatments to the patients. Due to less invasiveness and easy accessibility, biomarkers from blood support early detection and diagnosis of PD. This study combined three independent PD microarray gene expression data from blood samples applying the early integration approach. Moderated t-statistics was employed to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs). Relevant genes were selected using a two-layer embedded wrapper feature selection method with gradient boosting machine (GBM) in the first layer followed by an ensemble of wrappers including Recursive Feature Elimination (RFE), Genetic algorithm (GA) and Bi-directional elimination (Stepwise). All three wrappers were based on logistic regression classifier (LR). The PD-predictability of the generated signature was tested using nine supervised classification models, including eight shallow machine learning and one deep learning. On an independent dataset, GSE72267, Support Vector Machine-Radial (SVMR), and Deep Neural Network (DNN) showed the best performance with AUC 0.821 and 0.82, respectively. Comparison with existing blood-based PD signatures and the biological analysis verified the reliability of the proposed signature.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jisha Augustine
- Bioinformatics Lab, Department of Computer Science, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kerala 682022, India.
| | - A S Jereesh
- Bioinformatics Lab, Department of Computer Science, Cochin University of Science and Technology, Kerala 682022, India.
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29
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Zhang X, Chen L, Liao Z, Dai Z, Yan Y, Yao Z, Chen S, Xie Z, Zhao Q, Chen F, Xie Q. TCP1 mediates gp37 of avian leukosis virus subgroup J to inhibit autophagy through activating AKT in DF-1 cells. Vet Microbiol 2022; 271:109472. [DOI: 10.1016/j.vetmic.2022.109472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/28/2021] [Revised: 05/01/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
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30
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Gasparotto M, Lee YS, Palazzi A, Vacca M, Filippini F. Nuclear and Cytoplasmatic Players in Mitochondria-Related CNS Disorders: Chromatin Modifications and Subcellular Trafficking. Biomolecules 2022; 12:biom12050625. [PMID: 35625553 PMCID: PMC9138954 DOI: 10.3390/biom12050625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2022] [Revised: 04/19/2022] [Accepted: 04/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/10/2022] Open
Abstract
Aberrant mitochondrial phenotypes are common to many central nervous system (CNS) disorders, including neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental diseases. Mitochondrial function and homeostasis depend on proper control of several biological processes such as chromatin remodeling and transcriptional control, post-transcriptional events, vesicle and organelle subcellular trafficking, fusion, and morphogenesis. Mutation or impaired regulation of major players that orchestrate such processes can disrupt cellular and mitochondrial dynamics, contributing to neurological disorders. The first part of this review provides an overview of a functional relationship between chromatin players and mitochondria. Specifically, we relied on specific monogenic CNS disorders which share features with mitochondrial diseases. On the other hand, subcellular trafficking is coordinated directly or indirectly through evolutionarily conserved domains and proteins that regulate the dynamics of membrane compartments and organelles, including mitochondria. Among these “building blocks”, longin domains and small GTPases are involved in autophagy and mitophagy, cell reshaping, and organelle fusion. Impairments in those processes significantly impact CNS as well and are discussed in the second part of the review. Hopefully, in filling the functional gap between the nucleus and cytoplasmic organelles new routes for therapy could be disclosed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Gasparotto
- Synthetic Biology and Biotechnology Unit, Department of Biology, University of Padua, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy;
| | - Yi-Shin Lee
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics “A. Buzzati Traverso”, CNR, Via Pietro Castellino, 111, 80131 Naples, Italy; (Y.-S.L.); (A.P.); (M.V.)
- Pharmacology Division, Department of Neuroscience, Reproductive and Odontostomatological Sciences, Faculty of Medicine and surgery, University of Naples Federico II, Via Pansini 5, Building 19 (Biological Tower), 80131 Naples, Italy
| | - Alessandra Palazzi
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics “A. Buzzati Traverso”, CNR, Via Pietro Castellino, 111, 80131 Naples, Italy; (Y.-S.L.); (A.P.); (M.V.)
| | - Marcella Vacca
- Institute of Genetics and Biophysics “A. Buzzati Traverso”, CNR, Via Pietro Castellino, 111, 80131 Naples, Italy; (Y.-S.L.); (A.P.); (M.V.)
| | - Francesco Filippini
- Synthetic Biology and Biotechnology Unit, Department of Biology, University of Padua, Via Ugo Bassi 58/B, 35131 Padua, Italy;
- Correspondence:
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31
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Vuong JK, Ergin V, Chen L, Zheng S. Multilayered regulations of alternative splicing, NMD, and protein stability control temporal induction and tissue-specific expression of TRIM46 during axon formation. Nat Commun 2022; 13:2081. [PMID: 35440129 PMCID: PMC9019110 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-022-29786-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/02/2021] [Accepted: 03/16/2022] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
The gene regulation underlying axon formation and its exclusiveness to neurons remains elusive. TRIM46 is postulated to determine axonal fate. We show Trim46 mRNA is expressed before axonogenesis, but TRIM46 protein level is inhibited by alternative splicing of two cassette exons coupled separately to stability controls of Trim46 mRNA and proteins, effectively inducing functional knockout of TRIM46 proteins. Exon 8 inclusion causes nonsense-mediated mRNA decay of Trim46 transcripts. PTBP2-mediated exon 10 skipping produces transcripts encoding unstable TRIM46 proteins. During axonogenesis, transcriptional activation, decreased exon 8 inclusion, and enhanced exon 10 inclusion converge to increase TRIM46 proteins, leading to its neural-specific expression. Genetic deletion of these exons alters TRIM46 protein levels and shows TRIM46 is instructive though not always required for AnkG localization nor a determinant of AnkG density. Therefore, two concurrently but independently regulated alternative exons orchestrate the temporal induction and tissue-specific expression of TRIM46 proteins to mediate axon formation.
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Affiliation(s)
- John K Vuong
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Volkan Ergin
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Quantitative and Computational Biology, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, 90089, USA
| | - Sika Zheng
- Division of Biomedical Sciences, School of Medicine, University of California, Riverside, Riverside, CA, 92521, USA.
- Center for RNA Biology and Medicine, University of California Riverside, Riverside, CA, 91521, USA.
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Gui Y, Zheng H, Cao RY. Foam Cells in Atherosclerosis: Novel Insights Into Its Origins, Consequences, and Molecular Mechanisms. Front Cardiovasc Med 2022; 9:845942. [PMID: 35498045 PMCID: PMC9043520 DOI: 10.3389/fcvm.2022.845942] [Citation(s) in RCA: 68] [Impact Index Per Article: 34.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2021] [Accepted: 03/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Foam cells play a vital role in the initiation and development of atherosclerosis. This review aims to summarize the novel insights into the origins, consequences, and molecular mechanisms of foam cells in atherosclerotic plaques. Foam cells are originated from monocytes as well as from vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMC), stem/progenitor cells, and endothelium cells. Novel technologies including lineage tracing and single-cell RNA sequencing (scRNA-seq) have revolutionized our understanding of subtypes of monocyte- and VSMC-derived foam cells. By using scRNA-seq, three main clusters including resident-like, inflammatory, and triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-2 (Trem2 hi ) are identified as the major subtypes of monocyte-derived foam cells in atherosclerotic plaques. Foam cells undergo diverse pathways of programmed cell death including apoptosis, autophagy, necroptosis, and pyroptosis, contributing to the necrotic cores of atherosclerotic plaques. The formation of foam cells is affected by cholesterol uptake, efflux, and esterification. Novel mechanisms including nuclear receptors, non-coding RNAs, and gut microbiota have been discovered and investigated. Although the heterogeneity of monocytes and the complexity of non-coding RNAs make obstacles for targeting foam cells, further in-depth research and therapeutic exploration are needed for the better management of atherosclerosis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuzhou Gui
- Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
- Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Phase I Clinical Research and Quality Consistency Evaluation for Drugs, Shanghai, China
| | - Hongchao Zheng
- Department of Cardiovascular, Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Richard Y. Cao
- Department of Cardiovascular, Shanghai Xuhui Central Hospital, Zhongshan-Xuhui Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
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33
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Inhibiting Ferroptosis: A Novel Approach for Ulcerative Colitis Therapeutics. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2022; 2022:9678625. [PMID: 35378823 PMCID: PMC8976662 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9678625] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/27/2021] [Accepted: 03/14/2022] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is a recurrent and persistent nonspecific inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) that greatly affects human survival and social wealth. Despite the advances in the treatment of UC, there is still a high demand for novel therapeutic strategies for UC patients. Cell death is critical to the development and progression of UC. Understanding how intestinal cells die and how to prevent damage to intestinal cells is of great interest for the diagnosis and early treatment of UC. Ferroptosis, a novel form of regulated cell death (RCD) manifested by iron accumulation, lipid peroxidation, and excessive reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, has been shown to contribute to the development and progression of UC. Inhibitors of ferroptosis have been validated in models of UC. Here, we reviewed the mechanisms of initiation and control of ferroptosis and summarize the therapeutic activity of ferroptosis inhibitors in models of UC. We further discussed the possibility of inhibiting ferroptosis as a novel therapeutic target for UC. These findings revealed novel mechanisms to protect the colonic mucosa and highlighted the importance of ferroptosis in the disease process.
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Wang S, Zhao H, Zhang H, Gao C, Guo X, Chen L, Lobo C, Yazdanbakhsh K, Zhang S, An X. Analyses of erythropoiesis from embryonic stem cell‐CD34
+
and cord blood‐CD34
+
cells reveal mechanisms for defective expansion and enucleation of embryomic stem cell‐erythroid cells. J Cell Mol Med 2022; 26:2404-2416. [PMID: 35249258 PMCID: PMC8995447 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.17263] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Red blood cells (RBCs) generated ex vivo have the potential to be used for transfusion. Human embryonic stem cells (ES) and induced pluripotent stem cells (iPS) possess unlimited self‐renewal capacity and are the preferred cell sources to be used for ex vivo RBC generation. However, their applications are hindered by the facts that the expansion of ES/iPS‐derived erythroid cells is limited and the enucleation of ES/iPS‐derived erythroblasts is low compared to that derived from cord blood (CB) or peripheral blood (PB). To address this, we sought to investigate the underlying mechanisms by comparing the in vitro erythropoiesis profiles of CB CD34+ and ES CD34+ cells. We found that the limited expansion of ES CD34+ cell‐derived erythroid cells was associated with defective cell cycle of erythroid progenitors. In exploring the cellular and molecular mechanisms for the impaired enucleation of ES CD34+ cell‐derived orthochromatic erythroblasts (ES‐ortho), we found the chromatin of ES‐ortho was less condensed than that of CB CD34+ cell‐derived orthochromatic erythroblasts (CB‐ortho). At the molecular level, both RNA‐seq and ATAC‐seq analyses revealed that pathways involved in chromatin modification were down‐regulated in ES‐ortho. Additionally, the expression levels of molecules known to play important role in chromatin condensation or/and enucleation were significantly lower in ES‐ortho compared to that in CB‐ortho. Together, our findings have uncovered mechanisms for the limited expansion and impaired enucleation of ES CD34+ cell‐derived erythroid cells and may help to improve ex vivo RBC production from stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shihui Wang
- School of Life Sciences Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
- Laboratory of Membrane Biology New York Blood Center New York New York USA
| | - Huizhi Zhao
- School of Life Sciences Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
| | - Huan Zhang
- Laboratory of Membrane Biology New York Blood Center New York New York USA
| | - Chengjie Gao
- Laboratory of Membrane Biology New York Blood Center New York New York USA
| | - Xinhua Guo
- Laboratory of Membrane Biology New York Blood Center New York New York USA
| | - Lixiang Chen
- School of Life Sciences Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
| | - Cheryl Lobo
- Laboratory of Blood Borne Parasites New York Blood Center New York New York USA
| | - Karina Yazdanbakhsh
- Laboratory of Complement Biology New York Blood Center New York New York USA
| | - Shijie Zhang
- School of Life Sciences Zhengzhou University Zhengzhou China
| | - Xiuli An
- Laboratory of Membrane Biology New York Blood Center New York New York USA
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35
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Georgiou M, Yang C, Atkinson R, Pan K, Buskin A, Molina MM, Collin J, Al‐Aama J, Goertler F, Ludwig SEJ, Davey T, Lührmann R, Nagaraja‐Grellscheid S, Johnson CA, Ali R, Armstrong L, Korolchuk V, Urlaub H, Mozaffari‐Jovin S, Lako M. Activation of autophagy reverses progressive and deleterious protein aggregation in PRPF31 patient-induced pluripotent stem cell-derived retinal pigment epithelium cells. Clin Transl Med 2022; 12:e759. [PMID: 35297555 PMCID: PMC8926896 DOI: 10.1002/ctm2.759] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2021] [Revised: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 02/23/2022] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
INTRODUCTION Mutations in pre-mRNA processing factor 31 (PRPF31), a core protein of the spliceosomal tri-snRNP complex, cause autosomal-dominant retinitis pigmentosa (adRP). It has remained an enigma why mutations in ubiquitously expressed tri-snRNP proteins result in retina-specific disorders, and so far, the underlying mechanism of splicing factors-related RP is poorly understood. METHODS We used the induced pluripotent stem cell (iPSC) technology to generate retinal organoids and RPE models from four patients with severe and very severe PRPF31-adRP, unaffected individuals and a CRISPR/Cas9 isogenic control. RESULTS To fully assess the impacts of PRPF31 mutations, quantitative proteomics analyses of retinal organoids and RPE cells were carried out showing RNA splicing, autophagy and lysosome, unfolded protein response (UPR) and visual cycle-related pathways to be significantly affected. Strikingly, the patient-derived RPE and retinal cells were characterised by the presence of large amounts of cytoplasmic aggregates containing the mutant PRPF31 and misfolded, ubiquitin-conjugated proteins including key visual cycle and other RP-linked tri-snRNP proteins, which accumulated progressively with time. The mutant PRPF31 variant was not incorporated into splicing complexes, but reduction of PRPF31 wild-type levels led to tri-snRNP assembly defects in Cajal bodies of PRPF31 patient retinal cells, altered morphology of nuclear speckles and reduced formation of active spliceosomes giving rise to global splicing dysregulation. Moreover, the impaired waste disposal mechanisms further exacerbated aggregate formation, and targeting these by activating the autophagy pathway using Rapamycin reduced cytoplasmic aggregates, leading to improved cell survival. CONCLUSIONS Our data demonstrate that it is the progressive aggregate accumulation that overburdens the waste disposal machinery rather than direct PRPF31-initiated mis-splicing, and thus relieving the RPE cells from insoluble cytoplasmic aggregates presents a novel therapeutic strategy that can be combined with gene therapy studies to fully restore RPE and retinal cell function in PRPF31-adRP patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Georgiou
- Newcastle University Biosciences InstituteNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Chunbo Yang
- Newcastle University Biosciences InstituteNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Robert Atkinson
- Newcastle University Biosciences InstituteNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Kuan‐Ting Pan
- Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary SciencesGöttingenGermany
| | - Adriana Buskin
- Newcastle University Biosciences InstituteNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | | | - Joseph Collin
- Newcastle University Biosciences InstituteNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | - Jumana Al‐Aama
- Faculty of MedicineKing Abdulaziz UniversitySaudi Arabia
| | | | | | - Tracey Davey
- Newcastle University Biosciences InstituteNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | | | | | | | | | - Lyle Armstrong
- Newcastle University Biosciences InstituteNewcastle upon TyneUK
| | | | - Henning Urlaub
- Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary SciencesGöttingenGermany
- Bioanalytics, Department of Clinical ChemistryUniversity Medical CenterGoettingenGermany
| | - Sina Mozaffari‐Jovin
- Max Planck Institute for Multidisciplinary SciencesGöttingenGermany
- Medical Genetics Research CenterMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
- Department of Medical Genetics, Faculty of MedicineMashhad University of Medical SciencesMashhadIran
| | - Majlinda Lako
- Newcastle University Biosciences InstituteNewcastle upon TyneUK
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36
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Choi CY, Lim SC, Lee TB, Han SI. Molecular Basis of Resveratrol-Induced Resensitization of Acquired Drug-Resistant Cancer Cells. Nutrients 2022; 14:nu14030699. [PMID: 35277058 PMCID: PMC8838003 DOI: 10.3390/nu14030699] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2022] [Revised: 01/28/2022] [Accepted: 02/01/2022] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) to anticancer drugs remains a serious obstacle to the success of cancer chemotherapy. Resveratrol, a polyphenol, present in natural products exerts anticancer activity and acts as a potential MDR inhibitor in various drug-resistant cancer cells. In the process of resensitization of drug-resistant cancer cells, resveratrol has been shown to interfere with ABC transporters and drug-metabolizing enzymes, increase DNA damage, inhibit cell cycle progression, and induce apoptosis and autophagy, as well as prevent the induction of epithelial to mesenchymal transition (EMT) and cancer stem cells (CSCs). This review summarizes the mechanisms by which resveratrol counteracts MDR in acquired drug-resistant cancer cell lines and provides a critical basis for understanding the regulation of MDR as well as the development of MDR-inhibiting drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chul Yung Choi
- Department of Biomedical Science, College of Natural Science, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea;
| | - Sung-Chul Lim
- Department of Pathology, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea;
| | - Tae-Bum Lee
- Division of Premedical Science, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea;
| | - Song Iy Han
- Division of Premedical Science, College of Medicine, Chosun University, Gwangju 61452, Korea;
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-62-230-6194; Fax: +82-62-226-5860
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Alcohol Aggravates Acute Pancreatitis by Impairing Autophagic Flux Through Activation of AMPK Signaling Pathway. Dig Dis Sci 2022; 67:524-535. [PMID: 33555515 DOI: 10.1007/s10620-021-06870-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 01/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/09/2022]
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Alcohol consumption is always the main cause of acute pancreatitis (AP). It has been reported that alcohol exerts direct damage to the pancreas. However, the specific role of alcohol during AP needs to be investigated. This study aims to examine the effects of alcohol in cerulein-induced AP and the role of the AMPK pathway. METHODS Human subjects from operations, cerulein-induced AP rat, and cerulein-stimulated AR42J cell line were enrolled in this study. Electron microscopy was employed for observation of cell morphology, immunohistochemistry for identification of cells, ELISA for detection of inflammation factors, Annexin V/PI double staining for evaluation of cell apoptosis, immunofluorescence for assessment of autophagic flux, oil red O staining for examination of lipid droplet accumulation, and Western blot for measurement of expressions of proteins related to autophagy, apoptosis, and AMPK signal pathway. PI3K inhibitor 3-MA and AMPK inhibitor BML-275 were utilized for investigation of the relationship between impaired autophagic flux and the AMPK pathway by inhibiting or stimulating the formation of autophagosome. RESULTS Alcohol consumption caused lipid droplet accumulation in the pancreas, and it also activated AMPK signaling pathway, thus aggravating the autophagic flux during AP. Alcohol up-regulated the expressions of anti-apoptotic proteins during the induction of AP to inhibit cell apoptosis and enhance cell necrosis. Inhibition of autophagosome formation by AMPK inhibitor BML-275 ameliorated the decreased cell viability caused by alcohol and cerulein in vitro. CONCLUSION Alcohol aggravates AP progression by impairing autophagic flux and enhancing cell autophagy through the AMPK signaling pathway.
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Xu X, Liu X, Dong X, Qiu H, Yang Y, Liu L. Secretory Autophagosomes from Alveolar Macrophages Exacerbate Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome by Releasing IL-1β. J Inflamm Res 2022; 15:127-140. [PMID: 35027836 PMCID: PMC8752069 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s344857] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2021] [Accepted: 12/24/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Purpose Activated alveolar macrophages (AMs) secrete extracellular vesicles and particles to mediate the inflammatory response in the acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) although the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. This study investigated whether secretory autophagosomes (SAPs) from AMs contribute to the inflammation-mediated lung injury of ARDS. Methods We first isolated SAPs from cell culture supernatants of RAW264.7 cells and AMs and quantified Interleukin (IL)-1β levels in SAPs. Next, we employed a lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced ARDS model to investigate whether SAP-derived IL-1β could exacerbate lung injury. Finally, we used siRNA to knockdown Rab8a, both in vitro and in vivo, to investigate the effect of Rab8a on SAP secretion and lung injury in ARDS. Results We found that AMs play an important role in ARDS by releasing a novel type of proinflammatory vesicles called SAPs that could exacerbate lung injury. SAPs are characterized as double-membrane vesicles (diameter ~200 nm) with the expression of light chain 3 (LC3). IL-1β in SAPs is the key factor that contributes to the inflammation and lung injury in ARDS. We found that Rab8a is necessary for AMs to release SAPs with IL-1β, and Rab8a knockdown alleviated lung injury in ARDS. Conclusion This study showed the novel finding that SAPs released from AMs play a vital role in ARDS by promoting an inflammatory response and the underlying mechanism was associated with IL-1β secretion.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xinyi Xu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xu Liu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Xuecheng Dong
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Haibo Qiu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Yi Yang
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
| | - Ling Liu
- Jiangsu Provincial Key Laboratory of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Critical Care Medicine, Zhongda Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing, 210009, People's Republic of China
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Saad R, Tadmor H, Ertracht O, Nakhoul N, Nakhoul F, Evgeny F, Atar S. The Molecular Effects of SGLT2i Empagliflozin on the Autophagy Pathway in Diabetes Mellitus Type 2 and Its Complications. J Diabetes Res 2022; 2022:8337823. [PMID: 36313818 PMCID: PMC9605841 DOI: 10.1155/2022/8337823] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Revised: 08/11/2022] [Accepted: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/20/2022] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), especially hyperglycemia, is associated with increased glucose cell toxicity and oxidative stress that can lead to irreversible damage in the kidney such as diabetic nephropathy (DN). Autophagy plays a key role in the degradation of damaged intracellular proteins in order to maintain intracellular homeostasis and cell integrity. The disturbance of autophagy is involved in the pathogenesis of diabetic nephropathy. We aim to investigate the molecular effect of sodium-glucose transporter 2 inhibitor (SGLT2i) on the expression of ATG5 and its downstream collaborator LC3-II in diabetic nice model. Material and Methods. We used eight weeks old male mice: twenty C57BL/6 wild type (C57BL/6), twenty BTBR ob/ob (DM), and twenty BTBR ob/ob that were treated with empagliflozin (DM+EMPA), FDA approved SGLT2i. Lysate from murine renal cortex was analyzed by Western blot and immunohistochemistry. ATG5, LC3B, and fibronectin expression were analyzed in murine kidney tissues. All mice were sacrificed 13 weeks after the beginning of the experiment. RESULTS Histological and Western blot analyses reveal decrease ATG5, LC3-II, and fibronectin levels at renal specimens taken from DM mice. EMPA treatment reduced T2DM mice body weight and blood glucose and increased urine glucose. Further, it upregulated all of the abovementioned proteins. CONCLUSIONS Hyperglycemia reduces LC3-II and ATG5 protein levels which contribute to deficiencies in the autophagy process, with development and progression of DN. SGLT2i significantly reduces progression of DN and onset of end-stage renal disease in T2DM patients, probably through its effect on autophagy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ranin Saad
- Diabetes & Metabolism Lab, Baruch Padeh Poriya Medical Center, Israel
| | - Hagar Tadmor
- Diabetes & Metabolism Lab, Baruch Padeh Poriya Medical Center, Israel
| | - Offir Ertracht
- Cardiovascular Laboratory, Medical Research Institute, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel
| | | | - Farid Nakhoul
- Cardiovascular Laboratory, Medical Research Institute, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Safed, Israel
| | - Farber Evgeny
- Diabetes & Metabolism Lab, Baruch Padeh Poriya Medical Center, Israel
| | - Shaul Atar
- Cardiovascular Laboratory, Medical Research Institute, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel
- Azrieli Faculty of Medicine, Bar Ilan University, Safed, Israel
- The Cardiology Department, Galilee Medical Center, Nahariya, Israel
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Williamson CD, Guardia CM, De Pace R, Bonifacino JS, Saric A. Measurement of Lysosome Positioning by Shell Analysis and Line Scan. Methods Mol Biol 2022; 2473:285-306. [PMID: 35819772 PMCID: PMC11072972 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-0716-2209-4_19] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/15/2023]
Abstract
Lysosomes are membrane-bound organelles that degrade diverse biomolecules and regulate a multitude of other essential processes including cell growth and metabolism, signaling, plasma membrane repair and infection. Such diverse functions of lysosomes are highly coordinated in space and time and are therefore tightly coupled to the directional transport of the organelles within the cytoplasm. Thus, robust quantitative assessments of lysosome positioning within the cell provide a valuable tool for researchers interested in understanding these multifunctional organelles. Here, we present point-by-point methodology to measure lysosome positioning by two straight forward and widely used techniques: shell analysis and line scan.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chad D Williamson
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Carlos M Guardia
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Raffaella De Pace
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Juan S Bonifacino
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA
| | - Amra Saric
- Neurosciences and Cellular and Structural Biology Division, Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
- Program in Cell Biology, Peter Gilgan Centre for Research and Learning, Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, Canada.
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Ren R, Yuan Z, Xu Z. miRNA-144 targeting DNAJC3-AS1 reverses the resistance of the breast cancer cell line Michigan Cancer Foundation-7 to doxorubicin. Bioengineered 2021; 12:9885-9892. [PMID: 34895046 PMCID: PMC8810046 DOI: 10.1080/21655979.2021.1999373] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
This study investigated the role of miRNA-144 (miR-144) targeting of the long noncoding DNAJC3-AS1 in regulating breast cancer chemosensitivity. Real-time quantitative polymerase chain reaction was employed to detect the levels of miR-144 in different drug-resistant cells. MTT assays were used to measure the proliferation of cells in different treatment groups. The apoptosis rate of transfected cells was detected by flow cytometry. Western blotting was used to detect levels of DNAJC3-AS1 protein and of autophagy-related proteins. A double luciferase report experiment was performed to evaluate the targeting effect of miR-144 on DNAJC3-AS1. The level of miR-144 was significantly downregulated in MCF-7 doxorubicin-resistant cells. Upregulated expression of miR-144 increased the doxorubicin sensitivity of drug-resistant cells and the rate of apoptosis. DNAJC3-AS1 was the direct target of miR-144; overexpression of DNAJC3-AS1 significantly rescued the apoptosis induced by miR-144 and reversed the inhibition of autophagy by miR-144. Overexpression of miR-144 can reduce drug resistance in breast cancer cells by inhibiting autophagy or targeting DNAJC3-AS1 for downregulation. miR-144/DNAJC3-AS1 provide a new target for reducing drug resistance in breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruiping Ren
- Chemoradiotherapy Center of Oncology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Zhejiang, Ningbo, 315000, RPChina
| | - Zuguo Yuan
- Chemoradiotherapy Center of Oncology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Zhejiang, Ningbo, 315000, RPChina
| | - Zhengyang Xu
- Chemoradiotherapy Center of Oncology, The Affiliated People's Hospital of Ningbo University, Zhejiang, Ningbo, 315000, RPChina
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The Beneficial Effects of Probiotics via Autophagy: A Systematic Review. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2021; 2021:2931580. [PMID: 34901266 PMCID: PMC8664546 DOI: 10.1155/2021/2931580] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2021] [Revised: 11/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/19/2021] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Probiotics are living microorganisms increasingly used to treat or modulate different diseases or disorders because of their benefits and also low adverse reaction, and their positive and protective effects on various cells and tissues have been reported. The mechanisms by which probiotics exert their beneficial effects in different cells and tissues were investigated, and autophagy is one of the main mechanisms to induce their positive effects. Autophagy is a conserved process that occurs in all eukaryotic cells and plays an essential role in homeostasis and cell survival by degrading damaged and dysfunctional intracellular organelles. On the other hand, the role of autophagy is diverse in different tissues and situations, and cell death derived from autophagy has been observed in some cells. This search was done in PubMed, WOS, and Scopus using the keywords probiotic, microbiota, and autophagy. The search strategy was focused on the in vitro and animal model studies, and the included filters were English language publications and full-text articles (by June 2020). Studies that investigated other underlying mechanisms except autophagy were excluded. Among more than 105 papers, 24 studies were considered eligible for more evaluation. The obtained results indicated that most studies were performed on intestinal cell lines or tissue compared with other types of cell lines and tissue. This review article discusses our current understanding of the probiotic effects through autophagy in different cell lines and tissues that would be a useful guide to daily and clinical usage of these living microorganisms, but despite promising results of this systematic review, further studies need to assess this issue. This systematic review has demonstrated that autophagy is an effective mechanism in inducing beneficial effects of probiotics in different tissues.
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Wang Y, Du J, Wu X, Abdelrehem A, Ren Y, Liu C, Zhou X, Wang S. Crosstalk between autophagy and microbiota in cancer progression. Mol Cancer 2021; 20:163. [PMID: 34895252 PMCID: PMC8665582 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-021-01461-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/17/2021] [Accepted: 11/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Autophagy is a highly conserved catabolic process seen in eukaryotes and is essentially a lysosome-dependent protein degradation pathway. The dysregulation of autophagy is often associated with the pathogenesis of numerous types of cancers, and can not only promote the survival of cancer but also trigger the tumor cell death. During cancer development, the microbial community might predispose cells to tumorigenesis by promoting mucosal inflammation, causing systemic disorders, and may also regulate the immune response to cancer. The complex relationship between autophagy and microorganisms can protect the body by activating the immune system. In addition, autophagy and microorganisms can crosstalk with each other in multifaceted ways to influence various physiological and pathological responses involved in cancer progression. Various molecular mechanisms, correlating the microbiota disorders and autophagy activation, control the outcomes of protumor or antitumor responses, which depend on the cancer type, tumor microenvironment and disease stage. In this review, we mainly emphasize the leading role of autophagy during the interaction between pathogenic microorganisms and human cancers and investigate the various molecular mechanisms by which autophagy modulates such complicated biological processes. Moreover, we also highlight the possibility of curing cancers with multiple molecular agents targeting the microbiota/autophagy axis. Finally, we summarize the emerging clinical trials investigating the therapeutic potential of targeting either autophagy or microbiota as anticancer strategies, although the crosstalk between them has not been explored thoroughly.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yu Wang
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngological Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060 China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Cancer Institute, Tianjin, 300060 China
- National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, 300060 China
| | - Jiang Du
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngological Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060 China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Cancer Institute, Tianjin, 300060 China
- National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, 300060 China
| | - Xuemei Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Gastroenterology and Hepatology Institute, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300052 China
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300070 China
| | - Ahmed Abdelrehem
- Department of Craniomaxillofacial and Plastic Surgery, Faculty of Dentistry, Alexandria University, Alexandria, Egypt
| | - Yu Ren
- Tianjin Research Center of Basic Medical Science, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300070 China
| | - Chao Liu
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngological Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060 China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Cancer Institute, Tianjin, 300060 China
- National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, 300060 China
| | - Xuan Zhou
- Department of Maxillofacial and Otorhinolaryngological Oncology, Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital, Tianjin, 300060 China
- Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Therapy, Tianjin Cancer Institute, Tianjin, 300060 China
- National Clinical Research Center of Cancer, Tianjin, 300060 China
| | - Sinan Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Tianjin Medical University General Hospital, Tianjin, China
- Tianjin Gastroenterology and Hepatology Institute, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin, 300052 China
- Key Laboratory of Immune Microenvironment and Disease, Tianjin Medical University, Ministry of Education, Tianjin, 300070 China
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How the Innate Immune DNA Sensing cGAS-STING Pathway Is Involved in Autophagy. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222413232. [PMID: 34948027 PMCID: PMC8704322 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413232] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/28/2021] [Revised: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/07/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The cGAS–STING pathway is a key component of the innate immune system and exerts crucial roles in the detection of cytosolic DNA and invading pathogens. Accumulating evidence suggests that the intrinsic cGAS–STING pathway not only facilitates the production of type I interferons (IFN-I) and inflammatory responses but also triggers autophagy. Autophagy is a homeostatic process that exerts multiple effects on innate immunity. However, systematic evidence linking the cGAS–STING pathway and autophagy is still lacking. Therefore, one goal of this review is to summarize the known mechanisms of autophagy induced by the cGAS–STING pathway and their consequences. The cGAS–STING pathway can trigger canonical autophagy through liquid-phase separation of the cGAS–DNA complex, interaction of cGAS and Beclin-1, and STING-triggered ER stress–mTOR signaling. Furthermore, both cGAS and STING can induce non-canonical autophagy via LC3-interacting regions and binding with LC3. Subsequently, autophagy induced by the cGAS–STING pathway plays crucial roles in balancing innate immune responses, maintaining intracellular environmental homeostasis, alleviating liver injury, and limiting tumor growth and transformation.
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Chen M, Li Q, Chen W, Bi J, Huang P. Diagnostic and prognostic value of Beclin 1 expression in melanoma: a meta-analysis. Melanoma Res 2021; 31:541-549. [PMID: 34494606 DOI: 10.1097/cmr.0000000000000780] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy plays a complicated role in the occurrence and development of cancer. Beclin 1 is a significant autophagy-related protein that plays an essential role in tumorigenesis, but its expression is controversial in melanoma. In this meta-analysis, we searched seven studies involving 638 melanoma patients. PubMed, Web of Science, Google Scholar, Elsevier, and Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure were used for literature retrieval. The I2 index was used to assess heterogeneity. The expression of Beclin 1 in the primary melanoma group was significantly lower than the non-tumor group tissues (P < 0.01), while higher than the metastatic melanoma group (P < 0.01). Beclin 1 expression status could not distinguish between patients with melanoma by sex (male vs. female), lymph node metastasis (metastasis vs. non-metastasis), melanin deposition (present vs. absent), ulcer formation (present vs. absent), tumor necrosis status (present vs. absent), and Breslow thickness (<1.5 mm vs. ≥1.5 mm) for the subgroups (all P values > 0.05). Different expression intensities of Beclin 1 did not affect the overall survival and disease-free survival of melanoma patients. This study showed a trend of low expression of Beclin 1 in melanoma; patients with low expression of Beclin 1 were prone to the possibility of distant metastasis. The inconsistent profile of Beclin 1 expression in the prognosis of melanoma patients warrants further clinical investigation.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Qian Li
- Radiology, Tongji Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China
| | | | - Jiarui Bi
- Division of Periodontology, Diagnostic Sciences, and Dental Hygiene, Herman Ostrow School of Dentistry, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, California, USA
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Pang K, Wang S, Li M, Zhou Z. Autophagy in Femoral Head Necrosis of Broilers Bone Metabolism Parameters and Autophagy-Related Gene Expression in Femoral Head Necrosis Induced by Glucocorticoid in Broilers. Front Vet Sci 2021; 8:746087. [PMID: 34796226 PMCID: PMC8592919 DOI: 10.3389/fvets.2021.746087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Objectives: In this study, the influence of methylprednisolone (MP) and 3-methyladenine (3-MA) on chondrocyte autophagy and bone quality were determined to investigate the mechanisms of femoral head necrosis in broilers. Methods: Chickens were divided into four groups: control, MP, 3-MA, and 3-MA+MP groups. Blood and bone samples were collected for biochemistry assay and bone quality determination. Cartilage was separated from the femoral head for histopathological analysis and gene expression detection. Results: The results indicated that MP treatment significantly affected blood levels of alkaline phosphatase, high-density lipoprotein, calcium, phosphorus, bone alkaline phosphatase, and osteocalcin in broilers. Additionally, MP treatment significantly increased blood levels of cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, triglyceride, carboxy-terminal telopeptide of type-I collagen, and tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5. MP treatment also significantly decreased the levels of bone parameters compared with these values in controls, inhibited the expression of collagen-2, aggrecan, and mammalian target of rapamycin, and increased the expression of beclin1 and microtubule-associated protein 1 light chain 3, hypoxia-inducible factor 1 alpha, phosphoinositide 3-kinase, protein kinase B and autophagy-related gene 5 of the femoral head. Furthermore, following co-treatment with 3-MA and MP, 3-MA mitigated the effects of MP. Conclusions: Our findings demonstrated that autophagy may be involved in the pathogenesis of femoral head necrosis induced by MP in broilers, and this study provides new treatment and prevention ideas for femoral head necrosis caused by glucocorticoids.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaiyi Pang
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Shujie Wang
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Meng Li
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
| | - Zhenlei Zhou
- Department of Veterinary Clinical Sciences, College of Veterinary Medicine, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing, China
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Liu PF, Shu CW, Yang HC, Lee CH, Liou HH, Ger LP, Tzeng YDT, Wang WC. Combined Evaluation of MAP1LC3B and SQSTM1 for Biological and Clinical Significance in Ductal Carcinoma of Breast Cancer. Biomedicines 2021; 9:biomedicines9111514. [PMID: 34829743 PMCID: PMC8615094 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines9111514] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/16/2021] [Revised: 10/06/2021] [Accepted: 10/17/2021] [Indexed: 01/18/2023] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is the leading cause of cancer death in women worldwide. The microtubule-associated protein light chain 3B (MAP1LC3B) and adaptor sequestosome 1 (SQSTM1) are two major markers for autophagy. Increased protein levels of MAP1LC3B and SQSTM1 are considered to be causes of autophagy inhibition or activation in various types of cancers. However, the roles of MAP1LC3B and SQSTM1 in breast cancer are still not clear. Using a tissue microarray from 274 breast invasive ductal carcinoma (IDC) patients, we found that tumor tissues showed higher protein levels of MAP1LC3B and cytoplasmic SQSTM1 in comparison to those in adjacent normal tissues. Moreover, high levels of MAP1LC3B were associated with better survival, including disease-specific survival and disease-free survival (DFS) in IDC patients. Furthermore, high co-expression of MAP1LC3B and SQSTM1 was significantly associated with better DFS in IDC patients. Astonishingly, the autophagy inhibitor accumulated the protein levels of MAP1LC3B/SQSTM1 and enhanced the cytotoxic effects of cisplatin and paclitaxel in MCF7 and BT474 breast cancer cell lines, implying that autophagy inhibition might result in poor prognosis and chemosensitivity in IDC. Taken together, high co-expression of MAP1LC3B and SQSTM1 might serve as a potential diagnostic and prognostic biomarker for IDC patients.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pei-Feng Liu
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (P.-F.L.); (C.-H.L.)
- Department of Medical Research, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Center for Cancer Research, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan
| | - Chih-Wen Shu
- Institute of BioPharmaceutical Sciences, National Sun Yat-sen University, Kaohsiung 80424, Taiwan;
| | - Hsiu-Chen Yang
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan; (H.-C.Y.); (H.-H.L.); (L.-P.G.)
| | - Cheng-Hsin Lee
- Department of Biomedical Science and Environmental Biology, College of Life Science, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung 80708, Taiwan; (P.-F.L.); (C.-H.L.)
| | - Huei-Han Liou
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan; (H.-C.Y.); (H.-H.L.); (L.-P.G.)
| | - Luo-Ping Ger
- Department of Medical Education and Research, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan; (H.-C.Y.); (H.-H.L.); (L.-P.G.)
| | - Yen-Dun Tony Tzeng
- Department of Surgery, Kaohsiung Veterans General Hospital, Kaohsiung 81362, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-D.T.T.); (W.-C.W.); Tel.: +886-07-3422121-73008 (Y.-D.T.T.); +886-06-2812811-57112 (W.-C.W.)
| | - Wen-Ching Wang
- Department of General Surgery, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan 71004, Taiwan
- Correspondence: (Y.-D.T.T.); (W.-C.W.); Tel.: +886-07-3422121-73008 (Y.-D.T.T.); +886-06-2812811-57112 (W.-C.W.)
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Pan HY, Valapala M. Role of the Transcriptional Repressor Zinc Finger with KRAB and SCAN Domains 3 (ZKSCAN3) in Retinal Pigment Epithelial Cells. Cells 2021; 10:cells10102504. [PMID: 34685484 PMCID: PMC8534123 DOI: 10.3390/cells10102504] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2021] [Revised: 09/09/2021] [Accepted: 09/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/05/2022] Open
Abstract
Lysosomes are important for proper functioning of the retinal pigment epithelial (RPE) cells. RPE cells have a daily burden of phagocytosis of photoreceptor outer segments (POS) and also degrade cellular waste by autophagy. Here, we identified the role of Zinc-finger protein with KRAB and SCAN domains 3 (ZKSCAN3) in co-ordinate regulation of lysosomal function and autophagy in the RPE. Our studies show that in the RPE, ZKSCAN3 is predominantly nuclear in healthy cells and its nuclear expression is reduced upon nutrient deprivation. siRNA-mediated knockdown of ZKSCAN3 results in de-repression of some of the ZKSCAN3 target genes. Knockdown of ZKSCAN3 also resulted in an induction in autophagy flux, increase in the number of functional lysosomes and accompanied activation of lysosomal cathepsin B activity in ARPE-19 cells. We also demonstrated that inhibition of P38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) retains ZKSCAN3 in the nucleus in nutrient-deprived cells. In summary, our studies elucidated the role of ZKSCAN3 as a transcriptional repressor of autophagy and lysosomal function in the RPE.
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Shaikh S, Ahmad K, Ahmad SS, Lee EJ, Lim JH, Beg MMA, Verma AK, Choi I. Natural Products in Therapeutic Management of Multineurodegenerative Disorders by Targeting Autophagy. OXIDATIVE MEDICINE AND CELLULAR LONGEVITY 2021; 2021:6347792. [PMID: 34557265 PMCID: PMC8455192 DOI: 10.1155/2021/6347792] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/07/2021] [Revised: 08/09/2021] [Accepted: 08/18/2021] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Autophagy is an essential cellular process that involves the transport of cytoplasmic content in double-membraned vesicles to lysosomes for degradation. Neurons do not undergo cytokinesis, and thus, the cell division process cannot reduce levels of unnecessary proteins. The primary cause of neurodegenerative disorders (NDs) is the abnormal deposition of proteins inside neuronal cells, and this could be averted by autophagic degradation. Thus, autophagy is an important consideration when considering means of developing treatments for NDs. Various pharmacological studies have reported that the active components in herbal medicines exhibit therapeutic benefits in NDs, for example, by inhibiting cholinesterase activity and modulating amyloid beta levels, and α-synuclein metabolism. A variety of bioactive constituents from medicinal plants are viewed as promising autophagy controllers and are revealed to recover the NDs by targeting the autophagic pathway. In the present review, we discuss the role of autophagy in the therapeutic management of several NDs. The molecular process responsible for autophagy and its importance in various NDs and the beneficial effects of medicinal plants in NDs by targeting autophagy are also discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sibhghatulla Shaikh
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Khurshid Ahmad
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Syed Sayeed Ahmad
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Eun Ju Lee
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | - Jeong Ho Lim
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Amit K. Verma
- Department of Biotechnology, Jamia Millia Islamia, New Delhi, India
| | - Inho Choi
- Department of Medical Biotechnology, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Cell Culture, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of Korea
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