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Liao S, Deng J, Deng M, Chen C, Han F, Ye K, Wu C, Pan L, Lai M, Tang Z, Zhang H. AFDN Deficiency Promotes Liver Tropism of Metastatic Colorectal Cancer. Cancer Res 2024; 84:3158-3172. [PMID: 39047222 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-23-3140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2023] [Revised: 05/09/2024] [Accepted: 07/16/2024] [Indexed: 07/27/2024]
Abstract
Liver metastasis is a major cause of morbidity and mortality in patients with colorectal cancer. A better understanding of the biological mechanisms underlying liver tropism and metastasis in colorectal cancer could help to identify improved prevention and treatment strategies. In this study, we performed genome-wide CRISPR loss-of-function screening in a mouse colorectal cancer model and identified deficiency of AFDN, a protein involved in establishing and maintaining cell-cell contacts, as a driver of liver metastasis. Elevated AFDN expression was correlated with prolonged survival in patients with colorectal cancer. AFDN-deficient colorectal cancer cells preferentially metastasized to the liver but not in the lungs. AFDN loss in colorectal cancer cells at the primary site promoted cancer cell migration and invasion by disrupting tight intercellular junctions. Additionally, CXCR4 expression was increased in AFDN-deficient colorectal cancer cells via the JAK-STAT signaling pathway, which reduced the motility of AFDN-deficient colorectal cancer cells and facilitated their colonization of the liver. Collectively, these data shed light on the mechanism by which AFDN deficiency promotes liver tropism in metastatic colorectal cancer. Significance: A CRISPR screen reveals AFDN loss as a mediator of liver tropism in colorectal cancer metastasis by decreasing tight junctions in the primary tumor and increasing interactions between cancer cells and hepatocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shaoxia Liao
- Department of Pathology and International Institutes of Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
- Research Unit of Intelligence Classification of Tumor Pathology and Precision Therapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU042), Hangzhou, China
| | - Jingwen Deng
- Department of Medical Oncology, Sir Run Run Shaw Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Mengli Deng
- Department of Pathology and International Institutes of Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
| | - Chaoyi Chen
- Department of Colorectal Surgery and Oncology, Key Laboratory of Cancer Prevention and Intervention, Ministry of Education, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
- Cancer Center, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China
| | - Fengyan Han
- School of Basic Medical Sciences, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kehong Ye
- Department of Pathology and International Institutes of Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
| | - Chenxia Wu
- Department of Pathology and International Institutes of Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
| | - Lvyuan Pan
- Department of Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
| | - Maode Lai
- Research Unit of Intelligence Classification of Tumor Pathology and Precision Therapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU042), Hangzhou, China
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Zhe Tang
- Department of Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
- Department of Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
| | - Honghe Zhang
- Department of Pathology and International Institutes of Medicine, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
- Research Unit of Intelligence Classification of Tumor Pathology and Precision Therapy, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences (2019RU042), Hangzhou, China
- Department of Surgery, The Fourth Affiliated Hospital, International Institutes of Medicine, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Yiwu, China
- Department of Pathology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, China
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Scott P, Wang S, Onyeaghala G, Pankratz N, Starr T, Prizment AE. Lower Expression of CFTR Is Associated with Higher Mortality in a Meta-Analysis of Individuals with Colorectal Cancer. Cancers (Basel) 2023; 15:989. [PMID: 36765944 PMCID: PMC9913301 DOI: 10.3390/cancers15030989] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 01/30/2023] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF), caused by biallelic germline mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), have higher risk and earlier onset of colorectal cancer (CRC). A subset of CRC patients in the non-CF population expresses low levels of tumoral CFTR mRNA which may also cause decreased CFTR activity. To determine the consequences of reduced CFTR expression in this population, we investigated association of tumoral CFTR expression with overall and disease-specific mortality in CRC patients. CFTR mRNA expression, clinical factors and survival data from 1177 CRC patients reported in the Cancer Genome Atlas (TCGA) and Gene Expression Omnibus studies GSE39582 and GSE17538 were included. Log-transformed and z-normalized [mean = 0, standard deviation (SD) = 1] CFTR expression values were modeled as quartiles or dichotomized at the median. Univariate and multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to estimate hazard ratios (HR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) for overall and disease-specific mortality in individual studies and meta-analyses. Analyses of each of the three individual datasets showed a robust association of decreased CFTR expression with increased mortality. In meta-analyses adjusted for stage at diagnosis, age and sex, CFTR expression was inversely associated with risk of overall death [pooled HR (95% CI): 0.70 (0.57-0.86)] and disease-specific death [pooled HR (95% CI): 0.68 (0.47-0.99)]. Associations did not differ by stage at diagnosis, age, or sex. Meta-analysis of overall death stratified by microsatellite instable (MSI) versus microsatellite stable (MSS) status indicated potential interaction between MSI/MSS status and CFTR expression, (p-interaction: 0.06). The findings from these three datasets support the hypothesis that low CFTR expression is associated with increased CRC mortality.
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Affiliation(s)
- Patricia Scott
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN 55812, USA
| | - Shuo Wang
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Guillaume Onyeaghala
- Division of Epidemiology and Community Health, University of Minnesota School of Public Health, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Nathan Pankratz
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Pathology, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Timothy Starr
- Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women’s Health, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
| | - Anna E. Prizment
- Division of Hematology, Oncology and Transplantation, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN 55455, USA
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Taraschi A, Cimini C, Colosimo A, Ramal-Sanchez M, Valbonetti L, Bernabò N, Barboni B. An interactive analysis of the mouse oviductal miRNA profiles. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:1015360. [PMID: 36340025 PMCID: PMC9627480 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.1015360] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/09/2022] [Accepted: 10/06/2022] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
MicroRNAs are small non-coding molecules that control several cellular functions and act as negative post-transcriptional regulators of the mRNA. While their implication in several biological functions is already known, an important role as regulators of different physiological and pathological processes in fertilization and embryo development is currently emerging. Indeed, miRNAs have been found in the oviductal fluid packaged within the extracellular vesicles, which might act as natural nanoshuttles by transporting lipids, proteins, RNA molecules and miRNAs from the oviduct to the gametes or embryos. Here, an exhaustive bibliography search was carried out, followed by the construction of a computational model based on the networks theory in an attempt to recreate and elucidate the pathways potentially activated by the oviductal miRNA. The omics data published to date were gathered to create the Oviductal MiRNome, in which the miRNA target genes and their interactions are represented by using stringApp and the Network analyzer from Cytoscape 3.7.2. Then, the hyperlinked nodes were identified to investigate the pathways in which they are involved using the gene ontology enrichment analysis. To study the phenotypical effects after the removal of key genes on the reproductive system and embryo, knockout mouse lines for every protein-coding gene were investigated by using the International Mouse Phenotyping Consortium database. The creation of the Oviductal MiRNome revealed the presence of important genes and their interactions within the network. The functional enrichment analysis revealed that the hyperlinked nodes are involved in fundamental cellular functions, both structural and regulatory/signaling, suggesting their implication in fertilization and early embryo development. This fact was as well evidenced by the effects of the gene deletion in KO mice on the reproductive system and embryo development. The present study highlights the importance of studying the miRNA profiles and their enormous potential as tools to improve the assisted reproductive techniques currently used in human and animal reproduction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Angela Taraschi
- Faculty of Biosciences and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
- Istituto Zooprofilattico Sperimentale Dell’Abruzzo e Del Molise “G. Caporale”, Teramo, Italy
| | - Costanza Cimini
- Faculty of Biosciences and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Alessia Colosimo
- Faculty of Biosciences and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Marina Ramal-Sanchez
- Faculty of Biosciences and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
| | - Luca Valbonetti
- Faculty of Biosciences and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (CNR-IBBC/EMMA/Infrafrontier/IMPC), National Research Council, Rome, Italy
| | - Nicola Bernabò
- Faculty of Biosciences and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
- Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology (CNR-IBBC/EMMA/Infrafrontier/IMPC), National Research Council, Rome, Italy
- *Correspondence: Nicola Bernabò,
| | - Barbara Barboni
- Faculty of Biosciences and Technology for Food, Agriculture and Environment, University of Teramo, Teramo, Italy
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Analysis of CFTR gene expression as an immunological and prognostic biomarker in pan-cancers. Comput Biol Med 2022; 146:105614. [DOI: 10.1016/j.compbiomed.2022.105614] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/27/2022] [Revised: 05/09/2022] [Accepted: 05/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
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Moonwiriyakit A, Pathomthongtaweechai N, Steinhagen PR, Chantawichitwong P, Satianrapapong W, Pongkorpsakol P. Tight junctions: from molecules to gastrointestinal diseases. Tissue Barriers 2022; 11:2077620. [PMID: 35621376 PMCID: PMC10161963 DOI: 10.1080/21688370.2022.2077620] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Intestinal epithelium functions as a tissue barrier to prevent interaction between the internal compartment and the external milieu. Intestinal barrier function also determines epithelial polarity for the absorption of nutrients and the secretion of waste products. These vital functions require strong integrity of tight junction proteins. In fact, intestinal tight junctions that seal the paracellular space can restrict mucosal-to-serosal transport of hostile luminal contents. Tight junctions can form both an absolute barrier and a paracellular ion channel. Although defective tight junctions potentially lead to compromised intestinal barrier and the development and progression of gastrointestinal (GI) diseases, no FDA-approved therapies that recover the epithelial tight junction barrier are currently available in clinical practice. Here, we discuss the impacts and regulatory mechanisms of tight junction disruption in the gut and related diseases. We also provide an overview of potential therapeutic targets to restore the epithelial tight junction barrier in the GI tract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Aekkacha Moonwiriyakit
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Samut Prakan, Thailand
| | - Nutthapoom Pathomthongtaweechai
- Chakri Naruebodindra Medical Institute, Faculty of Medicine Ramathibodi Hospital, Mahidol University, Samut Prakan, Thailand
| | - Peter R Steinhagen
- Department of Hepatology and Gastroenterology, Charité Medical School, Berlin, Germany
| | | | | | - Pawin Pongkorpsakol
- Princess Srisavangavadhana College of Medicine, Chulabhorn Royal Academy, Bangkok, Thailand
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6
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Bhattacharya R, Blankenheim Z, Scott PM, Cormier RT. CFTR and Gastrointestinal Cancers: An Update. J Pers Med 2022; 12:868. [PMID: 35743652 PMCID: PMC9224611 DOI: 10.3390/jpm12060868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/24/2022] [Revised: 05/21/2022] [Accepted: 05/23/2022] [Indexed: 11/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic Fibrosis (CF) is a disease caused by mutations in the CFTR gene that severely affects the lungs as well as extra-pulmonary tissues, including the gastrointestinal (GI) tract. CFTR dysfunction resulting from either mutations or the downregulation of its expression has been shown to promote carcinogenesis. An example is the enhanced risk for several types of cancer in patients with CF, especially cancers of the GI tract. CFTR also acts as a tumor suppressor in diverse sporadic epithelial cancers in many tissues, primarily due to the silencing of CFTR expression via multiple mechanisms, but especially due to epigenetic regulation. This review provides an update on the latest research linking CFTR-deficiency to GI cancers, in both CF patients and in sporadic GI cancers, with a particular focus on cancer of the intestinal tract. It will discuss changes in the tissue landscape linked to CFTR-deficiency that may promote cancer development such as breakdowns in physical barriers, microbial dysbiosis and inflammation. It will also discuss molecular pathways and mechanisms that act upstream to modulate CFTR expression, such as by epigenetic silencing, as well as molecular pathways that act downstream of CFTR-deficiency, such as the dysregulation of the Wnt/β-catenin and NF-κB signaling pathways. Finally, it will discuss the emerging CFTR modulator drugs that have shown promising results in improving CFTR function in CF patients. The potential impact of these modulator drugs on the treatment and prevention of GI cancers can provide a new example of personalized cancer medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Patricia M. Scott
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN 55812, USA or (R.B.); (Z.B.)
| | - Robert T. Cormier
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN 55812, USA or (R.B.); (Z.B.)
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Quaresma MC, Botelho HM, Pankonien I, Rodrigues CS, Pinto MC, Costa PR, Duarte A, Amaral MD. Exploring YAP1-centered networks linking dysfunctional CFTR to epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Life Sci Alliance 2022; 5:5/9/e202101326. [PMID: 35500936 PMCID: PMC9060002 DOI: 10.26508/lsa.202101326] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2021] [Revised: 04/20/2022] [Accepted: 04/20/2022] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
In this work, a systems biology approach identifies potentially dysregulated EMT signaling in CF (including the Hippo, Wnt, TGF-β, p53, and MYC pathways), integrated by YAP1 and TEAD4. Mutations in the CFTR anion channel cause cystic fibrosis (CF) and have also been related to higher cancer incidence. Previously we proposed that this is linked to an emerging role of functional CFTR in protecting against epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). However, the pathways bridging dysfunctional CFTR to EMT remain elusive. Here, we applied systems biology to address this question. Our data show that YAP1 is aberrantly active in the presence of mutant CFTR, interacting with F508del, but not with wt-CFTR, and that YAP1 knockdown rescues F508del-CFTR processing and function. Subsequent analysis of YAP1 interactors and roles in cells expressing either wt- or F508del-CFTR reveal that YAP1 is an important mediator of the fibrotic/EMT processes in CF. Alongside, five main pathways emerge here as key in linking mutant CFTR to EMT, namely, (1) the Hippo pathway; (2) the Wnt pathway; (3) the TGFβ pathway; (4) the p53 pathway; and (5) MYC signaling. Several potential hub proteins which mediate the crosstalk among these pathways were also identified, appearing as potential therapeutic targets for both CF and cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarida C Quaresma
- BioISI-Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Hugo M Botelho
- BioISI-Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ines Pankonien
- BioISI-Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Cláudia S Rodrigues
- BioISI-Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Madalena C Pinto
- BioISI-Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Pau R Costa
- BioISI-Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Aires Duarte
- BioISI-Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Margarida D Amaral
- BioISI-Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, Lisboa, Portugal
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Pankonien I, Quaresma MC, Rodrigues CS, Amaral MD. CFTR, Cell Junctions and the Cytoskeleton. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms23052688. [PMID: 35269829 PMCID: PMC8910340 DOI: 10.3390/ijms23052688] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/13/2022] [Revised: 02/25/2022] [Accepted: 02/27/2022] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
The multi-organ disease cystic fibrosis (CF) is caused by mutations in the gene encoding the CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) protein, a cAMP regulated chloride (Cl−) and bicarbonate (HCO3−) ion channel expressed at the apical plasma membrane (PM) of epithelial cells. Reduced CFTR protein results in decreased Cl− secretion and excessive sodium reabsorption in epithelial cells, which consequently leads to epithelial dehydration and the accumulation of thick mucus within the affected organs, such as the lungs, pancreas, gastrointestinal (GI) tract, reproductive system and sweat glands. However, CFTR has been implicated in other functions besides transporting ions across epithelia. The rising number of references concerning its association to actin cytoskeleton organization, epithelial cell junctions and extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins suggests a role in the formation and maintenance of epithelial apical basolateral polarity. This review will focus on recent literature (the last 10 years) substantiating the role of CFTR in cell junction formation and actin cytoskeleton organization with its connection to the ECM.
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Mezencev R, Auerbach SS. Inferred inactivation of the Cftr gene in the duodena of mice exposed to hexavalent chromium (Cr(VI)) in drinking water supports its tumor-suppressor status and implies its potential role in Cr(VI)-induced carcinogenesis of the small intestines. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol 2021; 433:115773. [PMID: 34688701 PMCID: PMC9659473 DOI: 10.1016/j.taap.2021.115773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 10/12/2021] [Accepted: 10/19/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Carcinogenicity of hexavalent chromium [Cr (VI)] has been supported by a number of epidemiological and animal studies; however, its carcinogenic mode of action is still incompletely understood. To identify mechanisms involved in cancer development, we analyzed gene expression data from duodena of mice exposed to Cr(VI) in drinking water. This analysis included (i) identification of upstream regulatory molecules that are likely responsible for the observed gene expression changes, (ii) identification of annotated gene expression data from public repositories that correlate with gene expression changes in duodena of Cr(VI)-exposed mice, and (iii) identification of hallmark and oncogenic signature gene sets relevant to these data. We identified the inactivated CFTR gene among the top scoring upstream regulators, and found positive correlations between the expression data from duodena of Cr(VI)-exposed mice and other datasets in public repositories associated with the inactivation of the CFTR gene. In addition, we found enrichment of signatures for oncogenic signaling, sustained cell proliferation, impaired apoptosis and tissue remodeling. Results of our computational study support the tumor-suppressor role of the CFTR gene. Furthermore, our results support human relevance of the Cr(VI)-mediated carcinogenesis observed in the small intestines of exposed mice and suggest possible groups that may be more vulnerable to the adverse outcomes associated with the inactivation of CFTR by hexavalent chromium or other agents. Lastly, our findings predict, for the first time, the role of CFTR inactivation in chemical carcinogenesis and expand the range of plausible mechanisms that may be operative in Cr(VI)-mediated carcinogenesis of intestinal and possibly other tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Roman Mezencev
- Center for Public Health and Environmental Assessment, Office of Research and Development, US EPA, Washington, DC, United States.
| | - Scott S Auerbach
- National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, NIH, Research Triangle Park, NC, United States
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10
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Farinha CM, Gentzsch M. Revisiting CFTR Interactions: Old Partners and New Players. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:13196. [PMID: 34947992 PMCID: PMC8703571 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222413196] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2021] [Revised: 12/02/2021] [Accepted: 12/03/2021] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Remarkable progress in CFTR research has led to the therapeutic development of modulators that rescue the basic defect in cystic fibrosis. There is continuous interest in studying CFTR molecular disease mechanisms as not all cystic fibrosis patients have a therapeutic option available. Addressing the basis of the problem by comprehensively understanding the critical molecular associations of CFTR interactions remains key. With the availability of CFTR modulators, there is interest in comprehending which interactions are critical to rescue CFTR and which are altered by modulators or CFTR mutations. Here, the current knowledge on interactions that govern CFTR folding, processing, and stability is summarized. Furthermore, we describe protein complexes and signal pathways that modulate the CFTR function. Primary epithelial cells display a spatial control of the CFTR interactions and have become a common system for preclinical and personalized medicine studies. Strikingly, the novel roles of CFTR in development and differentiation have been recently uncovered and it has been revealed that specific CFTR gene interactions also play an important role in transcriptional regulation. For a comprehensive understanding of the molecular environment of CFTR, it is important to consider CFTR mutation-dependent interactions as well as factors affecting the CFTR interactome on the cell type, tissue-specific, and transcriptional levels.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carlos M. Farinha
- BioISI—Biosystems and Integrative Sciences Institute, Faculty of Sciences, University of Lisboa, 1749-016 Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Martina Gentzsch
- Marsico Lung Institute and Cystic Fibrosis Research Center, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Pulmonology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
- Department of Cell Biology and Physiology, School of Medicine, University of North Carolina, Chapel Hill, NC 27599, USA
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miR-125b Promotes Colorectal Cancer Migration and Invasion by Dual-Targeting CFTR and CGN. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:cancers13225710. [PMID: 34830864 PMCID: PMC8616371 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13225710] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/29/2021] [Revised: 11/06/2021] [Accepted: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Simple Summary Colorectal cancer (CRC) is the third leading cause for cancer related death, in which metastasis exerts a pivotal role. Therefore, we aim to find out the possible mechanism underlying CRC metastasis. We found that the level of miR-125b was elevated in normal, primary CRC, and distant metastasis tissues stepwise, and high level miR-125b was positively correlated with lymph node metastasis and tumor differentiation. In vitro and in vivo assays showed miR-125b significantly promoted CRC migration and invasion. To elucidate the potential mechanism, cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and cingulin (CGN) were defined as two target genes of miR-125b. On the one hand, miR-125b promoted epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and the production and secretion of urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) by inhibiting CFTR; on the other hand, miR-125b activated Ras Homolog Family Member A (RhoA)/Rho Kinase (ROCK) signaling by repressing CGN. Therefore, we provided a potential biomarker for CRC prevention and treatment in the future. Abstract Metastasis contributes to the poor prognosis of colorectal cancer, the causative factor of which is not fully understood. Previously, we found that miR-125b (Accession number: MIMAT0000423) contributed to cetuximab resistance in colorectal cancer (CRC). In this study, we identified a novel mechanism by which miR-125b enhances metastasis by targeting cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and the tight junction-associated adaptor cingulin (CGN) in CRC. We found that miR-125b expression was upregulated in primary CRC tumors and metastatic sites compared with adjacent normal tissues. Overexpression of miR-125b in CRC cells enhanced migration capacity, while knockdown of miR-125b decreased migration and invasion. RNA-sequencing (RNA-seq) and dual-luciferase reporter assays identified CFTR and CGN as the target genes of miR-125b, and the inhibitory impact of CFTR and CGN on metastasis was further verified both in vitro and in vivo. Moreover, we found that miR-125b facilitated the epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) process and the expression and secretion of urokinase plasminogen activator (uPA) by targeting CFTR and enhanced the Ras Homolog Family Member A (RhoA)/Rho Kinase (ROCK) pathway activity by targeting CGN. Together, these findings suggest miR-125b as a key functional molecule in CRC and a promising biomarker for the diagnosis and treatment of CRC.
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Archangelidi O, Cullinan P, Simmonds NJ, Mentzakis E, Peckham D, Bilton D, Carr SB. Incidence and risk factors of cancer in individuals with cystic fibrosis in the UK; a case-control study. J Cyst Fibros 2021; 21:302-308. [PMID: 34348871 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2021.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/16/2021] [Revised: 06/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/05/2021] [Indexed: 01/29/2023]
Abstract
To assess cancer incidence in the UK cystic fibrosis (CF) population and determine the associated risk factors, we undertook a nested case-control study of patients with CF, registered with the UK CF Registry. Each case with a first reported cancer between 1999 and 2017 was matched with up to 4 controls: by age (±2-years) and year of cancer diagnosis. Conditional logistic regressions were adjusted for sex, lung function (FEV1%), CF related diabetes (CFRD), F508del status, transplant status, DIOS, gastro-oesophageal reflux disease, meconium ileus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa infection, pancreatic insufficiency, proton pump inhibitor (PPI) use, IV antibiotic days and BMI. Results: From 12,886 registered patients, 146 (1.1%) cases of malignancy were identified with 14.3% of cases occurring post solid organ transplant. Site of primary cancer was available for 98 patients: 22% were gastro-intestinal in origin (77% lower, 23% upper GI), 13% skin, 13% breast and 11% lymphomas/leukaemia. In univariable analysis, transplantation increased the odds of reporting any cancer by 2.46 times (95%CI: 1.3-4.6). CFRD also increased the odds of reporting any cancer (OR 2.35; CI: 1.37-4.0) and PPI use (OR 2.0; CI 1.28-3.19). In the multivariable models significant associations with CFRD and transplant remained, while PA infection, PPI use and being overweight showed increased, but statistically insignificant risks. The incidence of GI cancer was strongly associated with CFRD (OR=4.04; 1.47-11.1). Conclusions: We observed a high incidence of lower GI cancers in our cohort which was significantly affected by the presence of CFRD. Screening for gastrointestinal cancers could benefit patients at higher risk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Olga Archangelidi
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London; Amgem Ltd
| | - Paul Cullinan
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London; Royal Brompton Hospital, London
| | - Nicholas J Simmonds
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London; Royal Brompton Hospital, London
| | | | | | - Diana Bilton
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London; Royal Brompton Hospital, London
| | - Siobhán B Carr
- National Heart and Lung Institute, Imperial College, London; Royal Brompton Hospital, London.
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13
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García R, Falduti C, Clauzure M, Jara R, Massip-Copiz MM, de Los Ángeles Aguilar M, Santa-Coloma TA, Valdivieso ÁG. CFTR chloride channel activity modulates the mitochondrial morphology in cultured epithelial cells. Int J Biochem Cell Biol 2021; 135:105976. [PMID: 33845203 DOI: 10.1016/j.biocel.2021.105976] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2021] [Revised: 04/01/2021] [Accepted: 04/02/2021] [Indexed: 01/10/2023]
Abstract
The impairment of the CFTR channel activity, a cAMP-activated chloride (Cl-) channel responsible for cystic fibrosis (CF), has been associated with a variety of mitochondrial alterations such as modified gene expression, impairment in oxidative phosphorylation, increased reactive oxygen species (ROS), and a disbalance in calcium homeostasis. The mechanisms by which these processes occur in CF are not fully understood. Previously, we demonstrated a reduced MTND4 expression and a failure in the mitochondrial complex I (mCx-I) activity in CF cells. Here we hypothesized that the activity of CFTR might modulate the mitochondrial fission/fusion balance, explaining the decreased mCx-I. The mitochondrial morphology and the levels of mitochondrial dynamic proteins MFN1 and DRP1 were analysed in IB3-1 CF cells, and S9 (IB3-1 expressing wt-CFTR), and C38 (IB3-1 expressing a truncated functional CFTR) cells. The mitochondrial morphology of IB3-1 cells compared to S9 and C38 cells showed that the impaired CFTR activity induced a fragmented mitochondrial network with increased rounded mitochondria and shorter branches. Similar results were obtained by using the CFTR pharmacological inhibitors CFTR(inh)-172 and GlyH101 on C38 cells. These morphological changes were accompanied by modifications in the levels of the mitochondrial dynamic proteins MFN1, DRP1, and p(616)-DRP1. IB3-1 CF cells treated with Mdivi-1, an inhibitor of mitochondrial fission, restored the mCx-I activity to values similar to those seen in S9 and C38 cells. These results suggest that the mitochondrial fission/fusion balance is regulated by the CFTR activity and might be a potential target to treat the impaired mCx-I activity in CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rocío García
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED), School of Medical Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina (UCA), the National Scientific and Technical Research Council of Argentina (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Camila Falduti
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED), School of Medical Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina (UCA), the National Scientific and Technical Research Council of Argentina (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariángeles Clauzure
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED), School of Medical Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina (UCA), the National Scientific and Technical Research Council of Argentina (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Raquel Jara
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED), School of Medical Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina (UCA), the National Scientific and Technical Research Council of Argentina (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María M Massip-Copiz
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED), School of Medical Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina (UCA), the National Scientific and Technical Research Council of Argentina (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María de Los Ángeles Aguilar
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED), School of Medical Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina (UCA), the National Scientific and Technical Research Council of Argentina (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Tomás A Santa-Coloma
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED), School of Medical Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina (UCA), the National Scientific and Technical Research Council of Argentina (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ángel G Valdivieso
- Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute for Biomedical Research (BIOMED), School of Medical Sciences, Pontifical Catholic University of Argentina (UCA), the National Scientific and Technical Research Council of Argentina (CONICET), Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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14
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A bird eye view on cystic fibrosis: An underestimated multifaceted chronic disorder. Life Sci 2020; 268:118959. [PMID: 33383045 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2020.118959] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2020] [Revised: 12/15/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 01/19/2023]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is an autosomal recessive disease which involves the mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene. CF involves in the inflammatory processes and is considered as a multisystem disorder that is not confined to lungs, but it also affects other vital organs that leads to numerous co-morbidities. The respiratory disorder in the CF results in mortality and morbidity which is characterized by series of serious events involving mucus hypersecretion, microbial infections, airways obstruction, inflammation, destruction of epithelium, tissue remodeling and terminal lung diseases. Mucins are the high molecular weight glycoproteins important for the viscoelastic properties of the mucus, play a significant role in the disease mechanisms. Determining the functional association between the CFTR and mucins might help to identify the putative target for specific therapeutic approach. In fact, furin enzyme which helps in the entry of novel COVID-19 virus into the cell, is upregulated in CF and this can also serve as a potential target for CF treatment. Moreover, the use of nano-formulations for CF treatment is an area of research being widely studied as they have also demonstrated promising outcomes. The in-depth knowledge of non-coding RNAs like miRNAs and lncRNAs and their functional association with CFTR gene expression and mutation can provide a different range of opportunity to identify the promising therapeutic approaches for CF.
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15
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Abancens M, Bustos V, Harvey H, McBryan J, Harvey BJ. Sexual Dimorphism in Colon Cancer. Front Oncol 2020; 10:607909. [PMID: 33363037 PMCID: PMC7759153 DOI: 10.3389/fonc.2020.607909] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/18/2020] [Accepted: 11/09/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
A higher incidence of colorectal cancer (CRC) is found in males compared to females. Young women (18-44 years) with CRC have a better survival outcome compared to men of the same age or compared to older women (over 50 years), indicating a global incidence of sexual dimorphism in CRC rates and survival. This suggests a protective role for the sex steroid hormone estrogen in CRC development. Key proliferative pathways in CRC tumorigenesis exhibit sexual dimorphism, which confer better survival in females through estrogen regulated genes and cell signaling. Estrogen regulates the activity of a class of Kv channels (KCNQ1:KCNE3), which control fundamental ion transport functions of the colon and epithelial mesenchymal transition through bi-directional interactions with the Wnt/β-catenin signalling pathway. Estrogen also modulates CRC proliferative responses in hypoxia via the novel membrane estrogen receptor GPER and HIF1A and VEGF signaling. Here we critically review recent clinical and molecular insights into sexual dimorphism of CRC biology modulated by the tumor microenvironment, estrogen, Wnt/β-catenin signalling, ion channels, and X-linked genes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Maria Abancens
- Department of Molecular Medicine, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Surgery, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Viviana Bustos
- Departamento de Acuicultura y Recursos Agroalimentarios, Programa Fitogen, Universidad de Los Lagos, Osorno, Chile
| | - Harry Harvey
- Department of Medical Oncology, Cork University Hospital, Cork, Ireland
| | - Jean McBryan
- Department of Molecular Medicine, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Department of Surgery, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Brian J. Harvey
- Department of Molecular Medicine, RCSI University of Medicine and Health Sciences, Beaumont Hospital, Dublin, Ireland
- Centro de Estudios Cientificos CECs, Valdivia, Chile
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16
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Huxham J, Tabariès S, Siegel PM. Afadin (AF6) in cancer progression: A multidomain scaffold protein with complex and contradictory roles. Bioessays 2020; 43:e2000221. [PMID: 33165933 DOI: 10.1002/bies.202000221] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/13/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/24/2020] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
Adherens (AJ) and tight junctions (TJ) maintain cell-cell adhesions and cellular polarity in normal tissues. Afadin, a multi-domain scaffold protein, is commonly found in both adherens and tight junctions, where it plays both structural and signal-modulating roles. Afadin is a complex modulator of cellular processes implicated in cancer progression, including signal transduction, migration, invasion, and apoptosis. In keeping with the complexities associated with the roles of adherens and tight junctions in cancer, afadin exhibits both tumor suppressive and pro-metastatic functions. In this review, we will explore the dichotomous roles that afadin plays during cancer progression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jennifer Huxham
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Sébastien Tabariès
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
| | - Peter M Siegel
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Anatomy & Cell Biology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada.,Department of Oncology, McGill University, Montréal, Québec, Canada
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17
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Quaresma MC, Pankonien I, Clarke LA, Sousa LS, Silva IAL, Railean V, Doušová T, Fuxe J, Amaral MD. Mutant CFTR Drives TWIST1 mediated epithelial-mesenchymal transition. Cell Death Dis 2020; 11:920. [PMID: 33106471 PMCID: PMC7588414 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-020-03119-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 10/07/2020] [Accepted: 10/08/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is a monogenetic disease resulting from mutations in the Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane conductance Regulator (CFTR) gene encoding an anion channel. Recent evidence indicates that CFTR plays a role in other cellular processes, namely in development, cellular differentiation and wound healing. Accordingly, CFTR has been proposed to function as a tumour suppressor in a wide range of cancers. Along these lines, CF was recently suggested to be associated with epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT), a latent developmental process, which can be re-activated in fibrosis and cancer. However, it is unknown whether EMT is indeed active in CF and if EMT is triggered by dysfunctional CFTR itself or a consequence of secondary complications of CF. In this study, we investigated the occurrence of EMT in airways native tissue, primary cells and cell lines expressing mutant CFTR through the expression of epithelial and mesenchymal markers as well as EMT-associated transcription factors. Transepithelial electrical resistance, proliferation and regeneration rates, and cell resistance to TGF-β1induced EMT were also measured. CF tissues/cells expressing mutant CFTR displayed several signs of active EMT, namely: destructured epithelial proteins, defective cell junctions, increased levels of mesenchymal markers and EMT-associated transcription factors, hyper-proliferation and impaired wound healing. Importantly, we found evidence that the mutant CFTR triggered EMT was mediated by EMT-associated transcription factor TWIST1. Further, our data show that CF cells are over-sensitive to EMT but the CF EMT phenotype can be reversed by CFTR modulator drugs. Altogether, these results identify for the first time that EMT is intrinsically triggered by the absence of functional CFTR through a TWIST1 dependent mechanism and indicate that CFTR plays a direct role in EMT protection. This mechanistic link is a plausible explanation for the high incidence of fibrosis and cancer in CF, as well as for the role of CFTR as tumour suppressor protein.
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Affiliation(s)
- Margarida C Quaresma
- University of Lisboa, Faculty of Sciences, BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, C8 bdg, 1749-016, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Ines Pankonien
- University of Lisboa, Faculty of Sciences, BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, C8 bdg, 1749-016, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luka A Clarke
- University of Lisboa, Faculty of Sciences, BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, C8 bdg, 1749-016, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Luís S Sousa
- University of Lisboa, Faculty of Sciences, BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, C8 bdg, 1749-016, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Iris A L Silva
- University of Lisboa, Faculty of Sciences, BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, C8 bdg, 1749-016, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Violeta Railean
- University of Lisboa, Faculty of Sciences, BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, C8 bdg, 1749-016, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal
| | - Tereza Doušová
- Department of Paediatrics, 2nd Faculty of Medicine, Charles University and University Hospital Motol, V Uvalu 84, 15006, Prague, Czech Republic
| | - Jonas Fuxe
- Division of Pathology, Department of Laboratory Medicine (LABMED), Karolinska Institutet and Karolinska University hospital, Huddinge, Stockholm, Sweden
| | - Margarida D Amaral
- University of Lisboa, Faculty of Sciences, BioISI - Biosystems & Integrative Sciences Institute, C8 bdg, 1749-016, Campo Grande, Lisboa, Portugal.
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18
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How Dysregulated Ion Channels and Transporters Take a Hand in Esophageal, Liver, and Colorectal Cancer. Rev Physiol Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 181:129-222. [PMID: 32875386 DOI: 10.1007/112_2020_41] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Over the last two decades, the understanding of how dysregulated ion channels and transporters are involved in carcinogenesis and tumor growth and progression, including invasiveness and metastasis, has been increasing exponentially. The present review specifies virtually all ion channels and transporters whose faulty expression or regulation contributes to esophageal, hepatocellular, and colorectal cancer. The variety reaches from Ca2+, K+, Na+, and Cl- channels over divalent metal transporters, Na+ or Cl- coupled Ca2+, HCO3- and H+ exchangers to monocarboxylate carriers and organic anion and cation transporters. In several cases, the underlying mechanisms by which these ion channels/transporters are interwoven with malignancies have been fully or at least partially unveiled. Ca2+, Akt/NF-κB, and Ca2+- or pH-dependent Wnt/β-catenin signaling emerge as cross points through which ion channels/transporters interfere with gene expression, modulate cell proliferation, trigger epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition, and promote cell motility and metastasis. Also miRs, lncRNAs, and DNA methylation represent potential links between the misexpression of genes encoding for ion channels/transporters, their malfunctioning, and cancer. The knowledge of all these molecular interactions has provided the basis for therapeutic strategies and approaches, some of which will be broached in this review.
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19
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Lu C, Ma Z, Cheng X, Wu H, Tuo B, Liu X, Li T. Pathological role of ion channels and transporters in the development and progression of triple-negative breast cancer. Cancer Cell Int 2020; 20:377. [PMID: 32782435 PMCID: PMC7409684 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-020-01464-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/19/2020] [Revised: 07/26/2020] [Accepted: 07/29/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Breast cancer is a common malignancy in women. Among breast cancer types, triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) tends to affect younger women, is prone to axillary lymph node, lung, and bone metastases; and has a high recurrence rate. Due to a lack of classic biomarkers, the currently available treatments are surgery and chemotherapy; no targeted standard treatment options are available. Therefore, it is urgent to find a novel and effective therapeutic target. As alteration of ion channels and transporters in normal mammary cells may affect cell growth, resulting in the development and progression of TNBC, ion channels and transporters may be promising new therapeutic targets for TNBC. This review summarizes ion channels and transporters related to TNBC and may provide new tumor biomarkers and help in the development of novel targeted therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chengli Lu
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003 Guizhou Province China
| | - Zhiyuan Ma
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003 Guizhou Province China
| | - Xiaoming Cheng
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003 Guizhou Province China
| | - Huichao Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, Guizhou Province China
| | - Biguang Tuo
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, Guizhou Province China.,Digestive Disease Institute of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, Guizhou Province China
| | - Xuemei Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003, Guizhou Province China.,Digestive Disease Institute of Guizhou Province, Zunyi, Guizhou Province China
| | - Taolang Li
- Department of Thyroid and Breast Surgery, Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University, Zunyi, 563003 Guizhou Province China
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20
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Zhao M, Zhang J, Huang W, Dong J, Guo J, U KP, Weng Z, Liu S, Chan HC, Feng H, Jiang X. CFTR promotes malignant glioma development via up-regulation of Akt/Bcl2-mediated anti-apoptosis pathway. J Cell Mol Med 2020; 24:7301-7312. [PMID: 32463592 PMCID: PMC7339181 DOI: 10.1111/jcmm.15300] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2019] [Revised: 03/04/2020] [Accepted: 03/27/2020] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), a cAMP‐activated Cl‐ channel, is extensively expressed in the epithelial cells of various tissues and organs. Accumulating evidence indicates that aberrant expression or mutation of CFTR is related to carcinoma development. Malignant gliomas are the most common and aggressive intracranial tumours; however, the role of CFTR in the development of malignant gliomas is unclear. Here, we report that CFTR is expressed in malignant glioma cell lines. Suppression of CFTR channel function or knockdown of CFTR suppresses glioma cell viability whereas overexpression of CFTR promotes it. Additionally, overexpression of CFTR suppresses apoptosis and promotes glioma progression in both subcutaneous and orthotopic xenograft models. Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator activates Akt/Bcl2 pathway, and suppression of PI3K/Akt pathway abolishes CFTR overexpression–induced up‐regulation of Bcl2 (MK‐2206 and LY294002) and cell viability (MK‐2206). More importantly, the protein expression level of CFTR is significantly increased in glioblastoma patient samples. Altogether, our study has revealed a mechanism by which CFTR promotes glioma progression via up‐regulation of Akt/Bcl2‐mediated anti‐apoptotic pathway, which warrants future studies into the potential of using CFTR as a therapeutic target for glioma treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingyue Zhao
- Department of Neurosurgery, Airforce General Hospital of the PLA, Beijing, China.,Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Jieting Zhang
- Epithelial Cell Biology Research Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education of China, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Wenqing Huang
- Epithelial Cell Biology Research Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education of China, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Department of Transfusion Medicine, Shenzhen Hospital, Southern Medical University, Shenzhen, China
| | - Jianda Dong
- Department of Pathology, Ningxia Medical University, Yinchuan, China
| | - Jinghui Guo
- Epithelial Cell Biology Research Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education of China, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Kin Pong U
- Epithelial Cell Biology Research Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education of China, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - ZhiHui Weng
- Epithelial Cell Biology Research Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education of China, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Si Liu
- Epithelial Cell Biology Research Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education of China, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China
| | - Hsiao Chang Chan
- Epithelial Cell Biology Research Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education of China, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,School of Biomedical Sciences Core Laboratory, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
| | - Hua Feng
- Department of Neurosurgery, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing, China
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Epithelial Cell Biology Research Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education of China, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, China.,School of Biomedical Sciences Core Laboratory, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, China
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21
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What Role Does CFTR Play in Development, Differentiation, Regeneration and Cancer? Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:ijms21093133. [PMID: 32365523 PMCID: PMC7246864 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21093133] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2020] [Revised: 04/21/2020] [Accepted: 04/27/2020] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
One of the key features associated with the substantial increase in life expectancy for individuals with CF is an elevated predisposition to cancer, firmly established by recent studies involving large cohorts. With the recent advances in cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) modulator therapies and the increased long-term survival rate of individuals with cystic fibrosis (CF), this is a novel challenge emerging at the forefront of this disease. However, the mechanisms linking dysfunctional CFTR to carcinogenesis have yet to be unravelled. Clues to this challenging open question emerge from key findings in an increasing number of studies showing that CFTR plays a role in fundamental cellular processes such as foetal development, epithelial differentiation/polarization, and regeneration, as well as in epithelial–mesenchymal transition (EMT). Here, we provide state-of-the-art descriptions on the moonlight roles of CFTR in these processes, highlighting how they can contribute to novel therapeutic strategies. However, such roles are still largely unknown, so we need rapid progress in the elucidation of the underlying mechanisms to find the answers and thus tailor the most appropriate therapeutic approaches.
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22
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Scott P, Anderson K, Singhania M, Cormier R. Cystic Fibrosis, CFTR, and Colorectal Cancer. Int J Mol Sci 2020; 21:E2891. [PMID: 32326161 PMCID: PMC7215855 DOI: 10.3390/ijms21082891] [Citation(s) in RCA: 59] [Impact Index Per Article: 14.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/20/2020] [Revised: 04/17/2020] [Accepted: 04/19/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF), caused by biallelic inactivating mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene, has recently been categorized as a familial colorectal cancer (CRC) syndrome. CF patients are highly susceptible to early, aggressive colorectal tumor development. Endoscopic screening studies have revealed that by the age of forty 50% of CF patients will develop adenomas, with 25% developing aggressive advanced adenomas, some of which will have already advanced to adenocarcinomas. This enhanced risk has led to new CF colorectal cancer screening recommendations, lowering the initiation of endoscopic screening to age forty in CF patients, and to age thirty in organ transplant recipients. The enhanced risk for CRC also extends to the millions of people (more than 10 million in the US) who are heterozygous carriers of CFTR gene mutations. Further, lowered expression of CFTR is reported in sporadic CRC, where downregulation of CFTR is associated with poor survival. Mechanisms underlying the actions of CFTR as a tumor suppressor are not clearly understood. Dysregulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling and disruption of intestinal stem cell homeostasis and intestinal barrier integrity, as well as intestinal dysbiosis, immune cell infiltration, stress responses, and intestinal inflammation have all been reported in human CF patients and in animal models. Notably, the development of new drug modalities to treat non-gastrointestinal pathologies in CF patients, especially pulmonary disease, offers hope that these drugs could be repurposed for gastrointestinal cancers.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Robert Cormier
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN 55812, USA; (P.S.); (K.A.); (M.S.)
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23
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Shin Y, Kim M, Won J, Kim J, Oh SB, Lee JH, Park K. Epigenetic Modification of CFTR in Head and Neck Cancer. J Clin Med 2020; 9:jcm9030734. [PMID: 32182826 PMCID: PMC7141320 DOI: 10.3390/jcm9030734] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/22/2020] [Revised: 02/29/2020] [Accepted: 03/06/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), a cyclic AMP (cAMP)-regulated chloride channel, is critical for secretion and absorption across diverse epithelia. Mutations or absence of CFTR result in pathogeneses, including cancer. While CFTR has been proposed as a tumor suppressing gene in tumors of the intestine, lung, and breast cancers, its effects in head and neck cancer (HNC) have yet to be investigated. This study aimed to define expression patterns and epigenetic modifications of CFTR in HNC. CFTR was expressed in normal but not in HNC cells and tissues. Treatment with 5-aza-2'-deoxycytidine (5-Aza-CdR) was associated with rescued expression of CFTR, whose function was confirmed by patch clamp technique. Further experiments demonstrated that CFTR CpG islands were hypermethylated in cancer cells and tissues and hypomethylated in normal cells and tissue. Our results suggest that CFTR epigenetic modifications are critical in both down-regulation and up-regulation of CFTR expression in HNC and normal cells respectively. We then investigated the impact of CFTR on expressions and functions of cancer-related genes. CFTR silencing was closely associated with changes to other cancer-related genes, suppressing apoptosis while enhancing proliferation, cell motility, and invasion in HNC. Our findings demonstrate that hypermethylation of CFTR CpG islands and CFTR deficiency is closely related to HNC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yonghwan Shin
- Department of Physiology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University and Dental Research Institute, Seoul 110-749, Korea; (Y.S.); (M.K.); (J.K.)
| | - Minkyoung Kim
- Department of Physiology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University and Dental Research Institute, Seoul 110-749, Korea; (Y.S.); (M.K.); (J.K.)
| | - Jonghwa Won
- Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University and Dental Research Institute, Seoul 110-749, Korea; (J.W.); (S.B.O.)
| | - Junchul Kim
- Department of Physiology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University and Dental Research Institute, Seoul 110-749, Korea; (Y.S.); (M.K.); (J.K.)
| | - Seog Bae Oh
- Department of Neurobiology and Physiology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University and Dental Research Institute, Seoul 110-749, Korea; (J.W.); (S.B.O.)
| | - Jong-Ho Lee
- Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University, Seoul 110-749, Korea;
| | - Kyungpyo Park
- Department of Physiology, School of Dentistry, Seoul National University and Dental Research Institute, Seoul 110-749, Korea; (Y.S.); (M.K.); (J.K.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +82-02-740-8658
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24
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Liu K, Dong F, Gao H, Guo Y, Li H, Yang F, Zhao P, Dai Y, Wang J, Zhou W, Zou C. Promoter hypermethylation of the CFTR gene as a novel diagnostic and prognostic marker of breast cancer. Cell Biol Int 2019; 44:603-609. [PMID: 31721358 DOI: 10.1002/cbin.11260] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2019] [Accepted: 10/26/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Breast cancer is the most commonly diagnosed cancer and the leading cause of cancer-related deaths among women. New biomarkers with definite diagnostic and prognostic efficacy are urgently needed. Here, we showed that the promoter of the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) was hypermethylated in breast cancer. The messenger RNA level of CFTR was downregulated in breast cancer. Notably, all 19 breast cancer patients with hypermethylated CFTR were diagnosed with invasive carcinoma. Moreover, CFTR was upregulated in decitabine (10 μM) treated breast cancer cells. Overexpression of CFTR inhibited cell growth whereas knockdown of CFTR promoted cell invasion. In the tissue array analysis, the CFTR protein level decreased significantly in breast cancer and low CFTR protein level correlated with poor survival with a P-value of 0.034. Thus, promoter hypermethylation of the CFTR gene might be a novel diagnostic marker of breast cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kaisheng Liu
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Fajin Dong
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Hengyuan Gao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Yaomin Guo
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Haili Li
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Fang Yang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Pan Zhao
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Yong Dai
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Jianhong Wang
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Wenbin Zhou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China
| | - Chang Zou
- The First Affiliated Hospital of Southern University of Science and Technology, The Second Clinical Medical College of Jinan University, Shenzhen People's Hospital, Shenzhen, 518020, Guangdong, China
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25
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Anderson KJ, Cormier RT, Scott PM. Role of ion channels in gastrointestinal cancer. World J Gastroenterol 2019; 25:5732-5772. [PMID: 31636470 PMCID: PMC6801186 DOI: 10.3748/wjg.v25.i38.5732] [Citation(s) in RCA: 113] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/05/2019] [Revised: 07/26/2019] [Accepted: 09/27/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
In their seminal papers Hanahan and Weinberg described oncogenic processes a normal cell undergoes to be transformed into a cancer cell. The functions of ion channels in the gastrointestinal (GI) tract influence a variety of cellular processes, many of which overlap with these hallmarks of cancer. In this review we focus on the roles of the calcium (Ca2+), sodium (Na+), potassium (K+), chloride (Cl-) and zinc (Zn2+) transporters in GI cancer, with a special emphasis on the roles of the KCNQ1 K+ channel and CFTR Cl- channel in colorectal cancer (CRC). Ca2+ is a ubiquitous second messenger, serving as a signaling molecule for a variety of cellular processes such as control of the cell cycle, apoptosis, and migration. Various members of the TRP superfamily, including TRPM8, TRPM7, TRPM6 and TRPM2, have been implicated in GI cancers, especially through overexpression in pancreatic adenocarcinomas and down-regulation in colon cancer. Voltage-gated sodium channels (VGSCs) are classically associated with the initiation and conduction of action potentials in electrically excitable cells such as neurons and muscle cells. The VGSC NaV1.5 is abundantly expressed in human colorectal CRC cell lines as well as being highly expressed in primary CRC samples. Studies have demonstrated that conductance through NaV1.5 contributes significantly to CRC cell invasiveness and cancer progression. Zn2+ transporters of the ZIP/SLC39A and ZnT/SLC30A families are dysregulated in all major GI organ cancers, in particular, ZIP4 up-regulation in pancreatic cancer (PC). More than 70 K+ channel genes, clustered in four families, are found expressed in the GI tract, where they regulate a range of cellular processes, including gastrin secretion in the stomach and anion secretion and fluid balance in the intestinal tract. Several distinct types of K+ channels are found dysregulated in the GI tract. Notable are hERG1 upregulation in PC, gastric cancer (GC) and CRC, leading to enhanced cancer angiogenesis and invasion, and KCNQ1 down-regulation in CRC, where KCNQ1 expression is associated with enhanced disease-free survival in stage II, III, and IV disease. Cl- channels are critical for a range of cellular and tissue processes in the GI tract, especially fluid balance in the colon. Most notable is CFTR, whose deficiency leads to mucus blockage, microbial dysbiosis and inflammation in the intestinal tract. CFTR is a tumor suppressor in several GI cancers. Cystic fibrosis patients are at a significant risk for CRC and low levels of CFTR expression are associated with poor overall disease-free survival in sporadic CRC. Two other classes of chloride channels that are dysregulated in GI cancers are the chloride intracellular channels (CLIC1, 3 & 4) and the chloride channel accessory proteins (CLCA1,2,4). CLIC1 & 4 are upregulated in PC, GC, gallbladder cancer, and CRC, while the CLCA proteins have been reported to be down-regulated in CRC. In summary, it is clear, from the diverse influences of ion channels, that their aberrant expression and/or activity can contribute to malignant transformation and tumor progression. Further, because ion channels are often localized to the plasma membrane and subject to multiple layers of regulation, they represent promising clinical targets for therapeutic intervention including the repurposing of current drugs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyle J Anderson
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN 55812, United States
| | - Robert T Cormier
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN 55812, United States
| | - Patricia M Scott
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN 55812, United States
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26
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Chen JJ, Xiao ZJ, Meng X, Wang Y, Yu MK, Huang WQ, Sun X, Chen H, Duan YG, Jiang X, Wong MP, Chan HC, Zou F, Ruan YC. MRP4 sustains Wnt/β-catenin signaling for pregnancy, endometriosis and endometrial cancer. Am J Cancer Res 2019; 9:5049-5064. [PMID: 31410201 PMCID: PMC6691374 DOI: 10.7150/thno.32097] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/08/2018] [Accepted: 05/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Rationale: Abnormal Wnt/β-catenin signaling in the endometrium can lead to both embryo implantation failure and severe pathogenic changes of the endometrium such as endometrial cancer and endometriosis. However, how Wnt/β-catenin signaling is regulated in the endometrium remains elusive. We explored possible regulation of Wnt/β-catenin signaling by multi-drug resistance protein 4 (MRP4), a potential target in cancer chemotherapy, and investigated the mechanism. Methods: Knockdown of MRP4 was performed in human endometrial cells in vitro or in a mouse embryo-implantation model in vivo. Immunoprecipitation, immunoblotting and immunofluorescence were used to assess protein interaction and stability. Wnt/β-catenin signaling was assessed by TOPflash reporter assay and quantitative PCR array. Normal and endometriotic human endometrial tissues were examined. Data from human microarray or RNAseq databases of more than 100 participants with endometriosis, endometrial cancer or IVF were analyzed. In vitro and in vivo tumorigenesis was performed. Results: MRP4-knockdown, but not its transporter-function-inhibition, accelerates β-catenin degradation in human endometrial cells. MRP4 and β-catenin are co-localized and co-immunoprecipitated in mouse and human endometrium. MRP4-knockdown in mouse uterus reduces β-catenin levels, downregulates a series of Wnt/β-catenin target genes and impairs embryo implantation, which are all reversed by blocking β-catenin degradation. Analysis of human endometrial biopsy samples and available databases reveals significant and positive correlations of MRP4 with β-catenin and Wnt/β-catenin target genes in the receptive endometrium in IVF, ectopic endometriotic lesions and endometrial cancers. Knockdown of MRP4 also inhibits in vitro and in vivo endometrial tumorigenesis. Conclusion: A previously undefined role of MRP4 in stabilizing β-catenin to sustain Wnt/β-catenin signaling in endometrial cells is revealed for both embryo implantation and endometrial disorders, suggesting MRP4 as a theranostic target for endometrial diseases associated with Wnt/β-catenin signaling abnormality.
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27
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Bezzerri V, Piacenza F, Caporelli N, Malavolta M, Provinciali M, Cipolli M. Is cellular senescence involved in cystic fibrosis? Respir Res 2019; 20:32. [PMID: 30764828 PMCID: PMC6376730 DOI: 10.1186/s12931-019-0993-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/10/2018] [Accepted: 01/31/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Pulmonary disease is the main cause of the morbidity and mortality of patients affected by cystic fibrosis (CF). The lung pathology is dominated by excessive recruitment of neutrophils followed by an exaggerated inflammatory process that has also been reported to occur in the absence of apparent pathogenic infections. Airway surface dehydration and mucus accumulation are the driving forces of this process. The continuous release of reactive oxygen species and proteases by neutrophils contributes to tissue damage, which eventually leads to respiratory insufficiency. CF has been considered a paediatric problem for several decades. Nevertheless, during the last 40 years, therapeutic options for CF have been greatly improved, turning CF into a chronic disease and extending the life expectancy of patients. Unfortunately, chronic inflammatory processes, which are characterized by a substantial release of cytokines and chemokines, along with ROS and proteases, can accelerate cellular senescence, leading to further complications in adulthood. The alterations and mechanisms downstream of CFTR functional defects that can stimulate cellular senescence remain unclear. However, while there are correlative data suggesting that cellular senescence may be implicated in CF, a causal or consequential relationship between cellular senescence and CF is still far from being established. Senescence can be both beneficial and detrimental. Senescence may suppress bacterial infections and cooperate with tissue repair. Additionally, it may act as an effective anticancer mechanism. However, it may also promote a pro-inflammatory environment, thereby damaging tissues and leading to chronic age-related diseases. In this review, we present the most current knowledge on cellular senescence and contextualize its possible involvement in CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valentino Bezzerri
- Cystic Fibrosis Center, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti, 60121, Ancona, Italy
| | - Francesco Piacenza
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research, Scientific Technological Area, IRCCS INRCA, 60121, Ancona, Italy
| | - Nicole Caporelli
- Cystic Fibrosis Center, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti, 60121, Ancona, Italy
| | - Marco Malavolta
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research, Scientific Technological Area, IRCCS INRCA, 60121, Ancona, Italy
| | - Mauro Provinciali
- Advanced Technology Center for Aging Research, Scientific Technological Area, IRCCS INRCA, 60121, Ancona, Italy
| | - Marco Cipolli
- Cystic Fibrosis Center, Azienda Ospedaliera Universitaria Ospedali Riuniti, 60121, Ancona, Italy.
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28
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Tabariès S, McNulty A, Ouellet V, Annis MG, Dessureault M, Vinette M, Hachem Y, Lavoie B, Omeroglu A, Simon HG, Walsh LA, Kimbung S, Hedenfalk I, Siegel PM. Afadin cooperates with Claudin-2 to promote breast cancer metastasis. Genes Dev 2019; 33:180-193. [PMID: 30692208 PMCID: PMC6362814 DOI: 10.1101/gad.319194.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/22/2018] [Accepted: 11/19/2018] [Indexed: 01/04/2023]
Abstract
Tabariès et al. show that signaling downstream from a Claudin-2/Afadin complex enables the efficient formation of breast cancer metastases. Claudin-2 promotes breast cancer liver metastasis by enabling seeding and early cancer cell survival. We now demonstrate that the PDZ-binding motif of Claudin-2 is necessary for anchorage-independent growth of cancer cells and is required for liver metastasis. Several PDZ domain-containing proteins were identified that interact with the PDZ-binding motif of Claudin-2 in liver metastatic breast cancer cells, including Afadin, Arhgap21, Pdlim2, Pdlim7, Rims2, Scrib, and ZO-1. We specifically examined the role of Afadin as a potential Claudin-2-interacting partner that promotes breast cancer liver metastasis. Afadin associates with Claudin-2, an interaction that requires the PDZ-binding motif of Claudin-2. Loss of Afadin also impairs the ability of breast cancer cells to form colonies in soft agar and metastasize to the lungs or liver. Immunohistochemical analysis of Claudin-2 and/or Afadin expression in 206 metastatic breast cancer tumors revealed that high levels of both Claudin-2 and Afadin in primary tumors were associated with poor disease-specific survival, relapse-free survival, lung-specific relapse, and liver-specific relapse. Our findings indicate that signaling downstream from a Claudin-2/Afadin complex enables the efficient formation of breast cancer metastases. Moreover, combining Claudin-2 and Afadin as prognostic markers better predicts the potential of breast cancer to metastasize to soft tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sébastien Tabariès
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 1A3, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Alexander McNulty
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 1A3, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Véronique Ouellet
- Institut du Cancer de Montréal, Centre de Recherche du Centre Hospitalier de l'Université de Montréal, Montréal, Québec H2X 0A9, Canada
| | - Matthew G Annis
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 1A3, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Mireille Dessureault
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 1A3, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Maude Vinette
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 1A3, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Yasmina Hachem
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 1A3, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Brennan Lavoie
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 1A3, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Atilla Omeroglu
- Department of Pathology, McGill University Health Centre, Montréal, Québec H4A 3J1, Canada
| | - Hans-Georg Simon
- Department of Pediatrics, Feinberg School of Medicine, Northwestern University, Chicago, Illinois 60614, USA.,Stanley Manne Children's Research Institute, Chicago, Illinois 60614, USA
| | - Logan A Walsh
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 1A3, Canada.,Department of Human Genetics, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 1A3, Canada
| | - Siker Kimbung
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund SE 221 00, Sweden
| | - Ingrid Hedenfalk
- Division of Oncology, Department of Clinical Sciences, Lund University, Lund SE 221 00, Sweden
| | - Peter M Siegel
- Goodman Cancer Research Centre, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 1A3, Canada.,Department of Medicine, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 1A3, Canada.,Department of Biochemistry, McGill University, Montréal, Québec H3A 1A3, Canada
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29
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Marques MS, Melo J, Cavadas B, Mendes N, Pereira L, Carneiro F, Figueiredo C, Leite M. Afadin Downregulation by Helicobacter pylori Induces Epithelial to Mesenchymal Transition in Gastric Cells. Front Microbiol 2018; 9:2712. [PMID: 30473688 PMCID: PMC6237830 DOI: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02712] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2018] [Accepted: 10/23/2018] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
Afadin is a cytoplasmic protein of the adherens junctions, which regulates the formation and stabilization of both the adherens and the tight junctions. Aberrant expression of Afadin has been shown in cancer and its loss has been associated with epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT). EMT is characterized by the change from an epithelial to a mesenchymal phenotype, with modifications on the expression of adhesion molecules and acquisition of a migratory and invasive cell behavior. While it is known that Helicobacter pylori disrupts the tight and the adherens junctions and induces EMT, the effect of the bacteria on Afadin is still unknown. The aim of this study was to disclose the effect of H. pylori on Afadin and its impact in the induction of an EMT phenotype in gastric cells. Using two different cell lines, we observed that H. pylori infection decreased Afadin protein levels, independently of CagA, T4SS, and VacA virulence factors. H. pylori infection of cell lines recapitulated several EMT features, displacing and downregulating multiple proteins from cell–cell junctions, and increasing the expression of ZEB1, Vimentin, Slug, N-cadherin, and Snail. Silencing of Afadin by RNAi promoted delocalization of junctional proteins from the cell–cell contacts, increased paracellular permeability, and decreased transepithelial electrical resistance, all compatible with impaired junctional integrity. Afadin silencing also led to increased expression of the EMT marker Snail, and to the formation of actin stress fibers, together with increased cell motility and invasion. Finally, and in line with our in vitro data, the gastric mucosa of individuals infected with H. pylori showed decrease/loss of Afadin membrane staining at cell–cell contacts significantly more frequently than uninfected individuals. In conclusion, Afadin is downregulated by H. pylori infection in vitro and in vivo, and its downregulation leads to the emergence of EMT and to the acquisition of an aggressive phenotype in gastric cells, which can contribute to gastric carcinogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Miguel Sardinha Marques
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Ipatimup - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Joana Melo
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Ipatimup - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Bruno Cavadas
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Ipatimup - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Instituto de Ciências Biomédicas Abel Salazar, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Nuno Mendes
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Ipatimup - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Luísa Pereira
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Ipatimup - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Fátima Carneiro
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Ipatimup - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology, Centro Hospitalar São João, Porto, Portugal
| | - Ceu Figueiredo
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Ipatimup - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
| | - Marina Leite
- i3S - Instituto de Investigação e Inovação em Saúde, Universidade do Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Ipatimup - Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal.,Department of Pathology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Porto, Porto, Portugal
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30
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Saksena S, Dudeja PK. Role of Membrane Transporters in Intestinal Cancers. Cell Mol Gastroenterol Hepatol 2018; 7:241-242. [PMID: 30585160 PMCID: PMC6305900 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcmgh.2018.09.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/11/2018] [Revised: 09/26/2018] [Accepted: 09/30/2018] [Indexed: 12/10/2022]
Affiliation(s)
| | - Pradeep K. Dudeja
- Correspondence Address correspondence to: Pradeep K. Dudeja, PhD, University of Illinois at Chicago, Medical Research Service (600/151), Jesse Brown VA Medical Center, 820 South Damen Avenue, Chicago, Illinois 60612.
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31
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Liou TG. The Clinical Biology of Cystic Fibrosis Transmembrane Regulator Protein: Its Role and Function in Extrapulmonary Disease. Chest 2018; 155:605-616. [PMID: 30359614 DOI: 10.1016/j.chest.2018.10.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2018] [Revised: 10/08/2018] [Accepted: 10/10/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Normal cystic fibrosis (CF) transmembrane regulator (CFTR) protein has multiple functions in health and disease. Many mutations in the CFTR gene produce abnormal or absent protein. CFTR protein dysfunction underlies the classic CF phenotype of progressive pulmonary and GI pathology but may underlie diseases not usually associated with CF. This review highlights selected extrapulmonary disease that may be associated with abnormal CFTR. Increasing survival in CF is associated with increasing incidence of diseases associated with aging. CFTR dysfunction in older individuals may have novel effects on glucose metabolism, control of insulin release, regulation of circadian rhythm, and cancer cell pathophysiology. In individuals who have cancers with acquired CFTR suppression, their tumors may more likely exhibit rapid expansion, epithelial-to-mesenchymal transformation, abnormally reduced apoptosis, and increased metastatic potential. The new modulators of CFTR protein synthesis could facilitate the additional exploration needed to better understand the unfolding clinical biology of CFTR in human disease, even as they revolutionize treatment of patients with CF.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodore G Liou
- Center for Quantitative Biology, The Adult Cystic Fibrosis Center and the Division of Respiratory, Critical Care and Occupational Pulmonary Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT.
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32
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Zhang J, Wang Y, Jiang X, Chan HC. Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator-emerging regulator of cancer. Cell Mol Life Sci 2018; 75:1737-1756. [PMID: 29411041 PMCID: PMC11105598 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-018-2755-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 12/27/2017] [Accepted: 01/17/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
Mutations of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) cause cystic fibrosis, the most common life-limiting recessive genetic disease among Caucasians. CFTR mutations have also been linked to increased risk of various cancers but remained controversial for a long time. Recent studies have begun to reveal that CFTR is not merely an ion channel but also an important regulator of cancer development and progression with multiple signaling pathways identified. In this review, we will first present clinical findings showing the correlation of genetic mutations or aberrant expression of CFTR with cancer incidence in multiple cancers. We will then focus on the roles of CFTR in fundamental cellular processes including transformation, survival, proliferation, migration, invasion and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in cancer cells, highlighting the signaling pathways involved. Finally, the association of CFTR expression levels with patient prognosis, and the potential of CFTR as a cancer prognosis indicator in human malignancies will be discussed.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jieting Zhang
- Faculty of Medicine, Epithelial Cell Biology Research Center, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education of China, Faculty of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
- School of Biomedical Sciences Core Laboratory, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Wang
- Faculty of Medicine, Epithelial Cell Biology Research Center, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education of China, Faculty of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China
- School of Biomedical Sciences Core Laboratory, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Faculty of Medicine, Epithelial Cell Biology Research Center, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education of China, Faculty of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China.
- School of Biomedical Sciences Core Laboratory, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China.
| | - Hsiao Chang Chan
- Faculty of Medicine, Epithelial Cell Biology Research Center, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China.
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education of China, Faculty of Medicine, School of Biomedical Sciences, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Sha Tin, Hong Kong SAR, People's Republic of China.
- School of Biomedical Sciences Core Laboratory, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, People's Republic of China.
- Sichuan University-The Chinese University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Chengdu, People's Republic of China.
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33
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Yang X, Yan T, Gong Y, Liu X, Sun H, Xu W, Wang C, Naren D, Zheng Y. High CFTR expression in Philadelphia chromosome-positive acute leukemia protects and maintains continuous activation of BCR-ABL and related signaling pathways in combination with PP2A. Oncotarget 2018; 8:24437-24448. [PMID: 28445932 PMCID: PMC5421860 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.15510] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2016] [Accepted: 02/06/2017] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is classified as an anion channel transporter of Cl- and HCO3-. Through interactions with its PDZ domain, CFTR is capable of regulating other proteins, such as protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A). The aberrant expression and mutation of CFTR have been observed in several tumor, but not in philadelphia chromosome-positive(Ph+) acute leukemia, including Ph+ B cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia(Ph+ B-ALL) and chronic myelogenous leukemia blast crisis phases (CML-BC). In this study, we demonstrated the mean expression level of CFTR in Ph+ acute leukemia cells was markedly higher than that in Ph- B-ALL and CML-chronic phase cells. CFTRinh-172, a classic CFTR inhibitor, down-regulated the expression of CFTR, p-BCR-ABL and classical Wnt/β-catenin signaling in Ph+ acute leukemia cells, while imatinib had no effect on CFTR. Importantly, reduced efficacy of CFTRinh-172 was closely associated with elevated PP2A phosphatase activity. Furthermore, we confirmed an interaction between CFTR and the PP2AA subunit in K562 cells. In addition, we demonstrated CFTR and PP2AA interact in the cytosol, resulting in PP2A complex inactivation and increased degradation of PP2A substrates via the lysosomal/proteasome pathway. In conclusion, our results showed CFTR was highly expressed in Ph+ acute leukemia, which protected and maintained the continuous activation of BCR-ABL and the canonical Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway by decreasing PP2A phosphatase activity. According to this working model of the CFTR-PP2A-BCR-ABL axis, targeting the CFTR protein will activate PP2A and may offer a new treatment strategy for Ph+ acute leukemia, especially for patients exhibiting high levels of CFTR expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xi Yang
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Tianyou Yan
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuping Gong
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Xuehua Liu
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Huaqin Sun
- Sichuan University-The Chinese University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Wenming Xu
- Sichuan University-The Chinese University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Chengdu, China
| | - Chunsen Wang
- Department of Hematology, Sichuan Provincial People's Hospital, Affiliated Hospital of University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China
| | - Duolan Naren
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Yuhuan Zheng
- Department of Hematology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
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CFTR mutation enhances Dishevelled degradation and results in impairment of Wnt-dependent hematopoiesis. Cell Death Dis 2018; 9:275. [PMID: 29449653 PMCID: PMC5833403 DOI: 10.1038/s41419-018-0311-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/13/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 01/08/2018] [Indexed: 01/16/2023]
Abstract
Mutations of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) cause cystic fibrosis (CF) with a multitude of clinical manifestations. Some CF patients develop clinically significant anemia, suggesting that CFTR may regulate hematopoiesis. Here, we report that cftr mutant zebrafish model exhibits primitive and definitive hematopoietic defects with impaired Wnt signaling. Cftr is found to interact, via its PDZ-binding domain (PDZBD), with Dishevelled (Dvl), a key component of Wnt signaling required for hematopoietic progenitor specification, thus protecting Dvl from Dapper1 (Dpr1)-induced lysosomal degradation. Defective hematopoiesis and impaired Wnt signaling in cftr mutant can be rescued by overexpression of wild-type or channel function-defective G551D mutant CFTR with an intact PDZBD, but not Cftr with mutations in the PDZBD. Analysis of human database (http://r2.amc.nl) shows that CFTR is positively correlated with DVL2 and Wnt-related hematopoietic factors in human blood system. The results reveal a previously unrecognized role of CFTR, which is independent of its channel function, in regulating DVL degradation and thus Wnt signaling required for hematopoiesis in both zebrafish and humans, providing an explanation for the anemic phenotype of CF patients.
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Tu Z, Chen Q, Zhang JT, Jiang X, Xia Y, Chan HC. CFTR is a potential marker for nasopharyngeal carcinoma prognosis and metastasis. Oncotarget 2018; 7:76955-76965. [PMID: 27769067 PMCID: PMC5363562 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.12762] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/26/2016] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
While there is an increasing interest in the correlation of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and cancer incidence, the role of CFTR in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) development remains unknown. In this study, we aimed to explore the prognostic value of CFTR in NPC patients. The expression of CFTR was determined in NPC cell lines and tissues. Statistical analysis was utilized to evaluate the correlation between CFTR expression levels and clinicopathological characteristics and prognosis in 225 cases of NPC patients. The results showed that CFTR was down-regulated in NPC tissues and cell lines. Low expression of CFTR was correlated with advanced stage (p = 0.026), distant metastasis (p < 0.001) and poor prognosis (p < 0.01). Multivariate analysis identified CFTR as an independent prognostic factor (p = 0.003). Additionally, wound healing and transwell assays revealed that overexpression of CFTR inhibited NPC cell migration and invasion, whereas knockdown of CFTR promoted cell migration and invasion. Thus, the current study indicates that CFTR, as demonstrated to play an important role in tumor migration and invasion, may be used as a potential prognostic indicator in NPC.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ziwei Tu
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University, Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China.,Department of Radiation Oncology, Jiangxi Cancer Hospital, Nanchang, Jiangxi, PR China
| | - Qu Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University, Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Jie Ting Zhang
- Epithelial Cell Biology Research Center, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education of China, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Epithelial Cell Biology Research Center, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education of China, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.,School of Biomedical Sciences Core Laboratory, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Yunfei Xia
- Department of Radiation Oncology, Sun Yat-sen University, Cancer Center, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China.,State Key Laboratory of Oncology in Southern China, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, PR China
| | - Hsiao Chang Chan
- Epithelial Cell Biology Research Center, Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education of China, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.,School of Biomedical Sciences Core Laboratory, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, PR China.,Sichuan University-The Chinese University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Chengdu, PR China
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Huang WQ, Guo JH, Zhang XH, Yu MK, Chung YW, Ruan YC, Chan HC. Glucose-Sensitive CFTR Suppresses Glucagon Secretion by Potentiating KATP Channels in Pancreatic Islet α Cells. Endocrinology 2017; 158:3188-3199. [PMID: 28977595 DOI: 10.1210/en.2017-00282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/24/2017] [Accepted: 07/18/2017] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
The secretion of glucagon by islet α cells is normally suppressed by high blood glucose, but this suppressibility is impaired in patients with diabetes or cystic fibrosis (CF), a disease caused by mutations in the gene encoding CF transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), a cyclic adenosine monophosphate-activated Cl- channel. However, precisely how glucose regulates glucagon release remains controversial. Here we report that elevated glucagon secretion, together with increased glucose-induced membrane depolarization and Ca2+ response, is found in CFTR mutant (DF508) mice/islets compared with the wild-type. Overexpression of CFTR in AlphaTC1-9 cells results in membrane hyperpolarization and reduced glucagon release, which can be reversed by CFTR inhibition. CFTR is found to potentiate the adenosine triphosphate-sensitive K+ (KATP) channel because membrane depolarization and whole-cell currents sensitive to KATP blockers are significantly greater in wild-type/CFTR-overexpressed α cells compared with that in DF508/non-overexpressed cells. KATP knockdown also reverses the suppressive effect of CFTR overexpression on glucagon secretion. The results reveal that by potentiating KATP channels, CFTR acts as a glucose-sensing negative regulator of glucagon secretion in α cells, a defect of which may contribute to glucose intolerance in CF and other types of diabetes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Qing Huang
- Epithelial Cell Biology Research Center, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Jing Hui Guo
- Epithelial Cell Biology Research Center, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Department of Pathophysiology, Key Laboratory of State Administration of Traditional Chinese Medicine of the People's Republic of China, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, People's Republic of China
| | - Xiao Hu Zhang
- Epithelial Cell Biology Research Center, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Sichuan University-The Chinese University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Obstetric, Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
| | - Mei Kuen Yu
- Epithelial Cell Biology Research Center, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Yiu Wa Chung
- Epithelial Cell Biology Research Center, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Ye Chun Ruan
- Epithelial Cell Biology Research Center, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Interdisciplinary Division of Biomedical Engineering, the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hong Kong, Hong Kong
| | - Hsiao Chang Chan
- Epithelial Cell Biology Research Center, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong
- Sichuan University-The Chinese University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine, Key Laboratory of Obstetric, Gynecologic and Pediatric Diseases and Birth Defects of Ministry of Education, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu 610041, People's Republic of China
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Hohwieler M, Perkhofer L, Liebau S, Seufferlein T, Müller M, Illing A, Kleger A. Stem cell-derived organoids to model gastrointestinal facets of cystic fibrosis. United European Gastroenterol J 2017; 5:609-624. [PMID: 28815024 PMCID: PMC5548342 DOI: 10.1177/2050640616670565] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/15/2016] [Accepted: 08/25/2016] [Indexed: 12/16/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis (CF) is one of the most frequently occurring inherited human diseases caused by mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) which lead to ample defects in anion transport and epithelial fluid secretion. Existing models lack both access to early stages of CF development and a coeval focus on the gastrointestinal CF phenotypes, which become increasingly important due increased life span of the affected individuals. Here, we provide a comprehensive overview of gastrointestinal facets of CF and the opportunity to model these in various systems in an attempt to understand and treat CF. A particular focus is given on forward-leading organoid cultures, which may circumvent current limitations of existing models and thereby provide a platform for drug testing and understanding of disease pathophysiology in gastrointestinal organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Meike Hohwieler
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, University Medical Centre Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Lukas Perkhofer
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, University Medical Centre Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Stefan Liebau
- Institute of Neuroanatomy, Eberhard Karls University Tuebingen, Oesterbergstr. 3, 72074 Tuebingen, Germany
| | - Thomas Seufferlein
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, University Medical Centre Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Martin Müller
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, University Medical Centre Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Anett Illing
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, University Medical Centre Ulm, Ulm, Germany
| | - Alexander Kleger
- Department of Internal Medicine 1, University Medical Centre Ulm, Ulm, Germany
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38
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Lai Y, Xu P, Liu J, Li Q, Ren D, Zhang J, Wang J. Decreased expression of the long non-coding RNA MLLT4 antisense RNA 1 is a potential biomarker and an indicator of a poor prognosis for gastric cancer. Oncol Lett 2017; 14:2629-2634. [PMID: 28927028 PMCID: PMC5588117 DOI: 10.3892/ol.2017.6478] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2015] [Accepted: 10/14/2016] [Indexed: 01/16/2023] Open
Abstract
In recent years, the identification of long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) led to the analysis of their characteristics in cancer biology. However, the expression of lncRNAs in cancer and their clinical significance remain unclear. In the present study, an investigation of lncRNAs that may be involved in the regulation of metastasis using microarray and polymerase chain reaction analyses resulted in the identification of MLLT4 antisense RNA 1 (MLLT4-AS1) as a significantly downregulated lncRNA in gastric cancer tissue compared with normal adjacent tissue (P=0.006). Furthermore, the downregulation of MLL4-AS1 was significantly associated with advanced Tumor-Node-Metastasis stage (P=0.007) and lymph node metastasis (P=0.008). Cox regression analysis showed that MLLT4-AS1 expression was an independent predictor for overall survival (hazard ratio, 13.136; 95% confidence interval, 5.065–34.068; P<0.001). These data suggest that the decreased expression of MLLT4-AS1 is a potential biomarker and a predictor of a poor prognosis for gastric cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yuexing Lai
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Songjiang Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai 201600, P.R. China
| | - Ping Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Songjiang Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai 201600, P.R. China
| | - Jie Liu
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Qinghua Li
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Songjiang Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai 201600, P.R. China
| | - Dabin Ren
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Songjiang Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai 201600, P.R. China
| | - Jun Zhang
- Department of Digestive Diseases, Huashan Hospital, Fudan University, Shanghai 200040, P.R. China
| | - Jing Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Shanghai Songjiang Hospital Affiliated to Nanjing Medical University, Shanghai 201600, P.R. China
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Yan T, Leng Y, Yang X, Gong Y, Sun H, Wang K, Xu W, Zheng Y, Naren D, Shi R. High-expressing cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator interacts with histone deacetylase 2 to promote the development of Ph+ leukemia through the HDAC2-mediated PTEN pathway. Leuk Res 2017; 57:9-19. [DOI: 10.1016/j.leukres.2017.02.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/18/2017] [Revised: 02/11/2017] [Accepted: 02/12/2017] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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40
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Huang W, Jin A, Zhang J, Wang C, Tsang LL, Cai Z, Zhou X, Chen H, Chan HC. Upregulation of CFTR in patients with endometriosis and its involvement in NFκB-uPAR dependent cell migration. Oncotarget 2017; 8:66951-66959. [PMID: 28978008 PMCID: PMC5620148 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.16441] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/17/2017] [Accepted: 03/02/2017] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Endometriotic tissues exhibit high migration ability with the underlying mechanisms remain elusive. Our previous studies have demonstrated that cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) acts as a tumor suppressor regulating cell migration. In the present study, we explored whether CFTR plays a role in the development of human endometriosis. We found that both mRNA and protein expression levels of CFTR and urokinase-type plasminogen activator receptor (uPAR) were significantly increased in ectopic endometrial tissues from patients with endometriosis compared to normal endometrial tissues from women without endometriosis and positively correlated. In human endometrial Ishikawa (ISK) cells, overexpression of CFTR stimulated cell migration with upregulated NFκB p65 and uPAR. Knockdown of CFTR inhibited cell migration. Furthermore, inhibition of NFκB with its inhibitors (curcumin or Bay) significantly reduced the expression of uPAR and cell migration in the CFTR-overexpressing ISK cells. Collectively, the present results suggest that the CFTR-NFκB-uPAR signaling may contribute to the progression of human endometriosis, and indicate potential targets for diagnosis and treatment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wenqing Huang
- Epithelial Cell Biology Research Center, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, PR China.,Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Aihong Jin
- Department of Gynecology, The Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Jieting Zhang
- Epithelial Cell Biology Research Center, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, PR China.,Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Chaoqun Wang
- Epithelial Cell Biology Research Center, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, PR China.,Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Lai Ling Tsang
- Epithelial Cell Biology Research Center, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, PR China.,Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Zhiming Cai
- Department of Gynecology, The Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Xiaping Zhou
- Department of Gynecology, The Second People's Hospital of Shenzhen, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Hao Chen
- Epithelial Cell Biology Research Center, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, PR China.,Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, PR China
| | - Hsiao Chang Chan
- Epithelial Cell Biology Research Center, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shatin, PR China.,Institute of Biomedical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou, PR China.,Sichuan University - The Chinese University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, PR China
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41
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Liu Z, Guo J, Wang Y, Weng Z, Huang B, Yu MK, Zhang X, Yuan P, Zhao H, Chan WY, Jiang X, Chan HC. CFTR-β-catenin interaction regulates mouse embryonic stem cell differentiation and embryonic development. Cell Death Differ 2016; 24:98-110. [PMID: 27834953 DOI: 10.1038/cdd.2016.118] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/15/2016] [Revised: 09/04/2016] [Accepted: 09/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) is a cAMP-regulated anion channel capable of conducting both Cl- and HCO3-, mutations of which cause cystic fibrosis (CF), a common autosomal recessive disease. Although CF patients are known to have varied degree of developmental problems, the biological role of CFTR in embryonic development remains elusive. Here, we show that CFTR is functionally expressed in mouse ESCs. CFTR-/- mESCs exhibit dramatic defect in mesendoderm differentiation. In addition, CFTR physically interacts with β-catenin, defect of which leads to premature degradation of β-catenin and suppressed activation of β-catenin signaling. Furthermore, knockdown of CFTR retards the early development of Xenopus laevis with impaired mesoderm/endoderm differentiation and β-catenin signaling. Our study reveals a previously undefined role of CFTR in controlling ESC differentiation and early embryonic development via its interaction with β-catenin, and provides novel insights into the understanding of embryonic development.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhenqing Liu
- Epithelial Cell Biology Research Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Jinghui Guo
- Epithelial Cell Biology Research Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Yan Wang
- Epithelial Cell Biology Research Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Zhihui Weng
- Epithelial Cell Biology Research Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Biao Huang
- Epithelial Cell Biology Research Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Mei-Kuen Yu
- Epithelial Cell Biology Research Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Xiaohu Zhang
- Epithelial Cell Biology Research Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.,Sichuan University-The Chinese University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Chengdu, PR China
| | - Ping Yuan
- Department of Chemical Pathology, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China
| | - Hui Zhao
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education of China, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.,School of Biomedical Sciences Core Laboratory, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Wai-Yee Chan
- Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education of China, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.,School of Biomedical Sciences Core Laboratory, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Xiaohua Jiang
- Epithelial Cell Biology Research Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.,Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education of China, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.,School of Biomedical Sciences Core Laboratory, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, PR China
| | - Hsiao-Chang Chan
- Epithelial Cell Biology Research Center, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.,Sichuan University-The Chinese University of Hong Kong Joint Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine, West China Second University Hospital, Chengdu, PR China.,Key Laboratory for Regenerative Medicine of the Ministry of Education of China, School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong SAR, PR China.,School of Biomedical Sciences Core Laboratory, Shenzhen Research Institute, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Shenzhen, PR China
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Breton S, Ruan YC, Park YJ, Kim B. Regulation of epithelial function, differentiation, and remodeling in the epididymis. Asian J Androl 2016; 18:3-9. [PMID: 26585699 PMCID: PMC4736353 DOI: 10.4103/1008-682x.165946] [Citation(s) in RCA: 71] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023] Open
Abstract
The epididymis is a single convoluted tubule lined by a pseudostratified epithelium. Specialized epididymal epithelial cells, the so-called principal, basal, narrow, and clear cells, establish a unique luminal environment for the maturation and storage of spermatozoa. The epididymis is functionally and structurally divided into several segments and sub-segments that create regionally distinct luminal environments. This organ is immature at birth, and epithelial cells acquire their fully differentiated phenotype during an extended postnatal period, but the factors involved in this complex process remain incompletely characterized. In the adult epididymis, the establishment of an acidic luminal pH and low bicarbonate concentration in the epididymis contributes to preventing premature activation of spermatozoa during their maturation and storage. Clear cells are proton-secreting cells throughout the epididymis, but principal cells have distinct acid/base transport properties, depending on their localization within the epididymis. Basal cells are located in all epididymal segments, but they have a distinct morphology depending on the segment and species examined. How this structural plasticity of basal cells is regulated is discussed here. Also, the role of luminal factors and androgens in the regulation of epithelial cells is reviewed in relation to their respective localization in the proximal versus distal regions of the epididymis. Finally, we describe a novel role for CFTR in tubulogenesis and epithelial cell differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sylvie Breton
- Center for Systems Biology, Program in Membrane Biology/Nephrology Division, Massachusetts General Hospital, Boston, MA 02114 and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA,
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Involvement of Tight Junction Plaque Proteins in Cancer. CURRENT PATHOBIOLOGY REPORTS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40139-016-0108-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 10/21/2022]
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Demeyer S, De Boeck K, Witters P, Cosaert K. Beyond pancreatic insufficiency and liver disease in cystic fibrosis. Eur J Pediatr 2016; 175:881-94. [PMID: 27055450 DOI: 10.1007/s00431-016-2719-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/19/2016] [Revised: 03/17/2016] [Accepted: 03/22/2016] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
UNLABELLED Cystic fibrosis is a life shortening hereditary disease, primarily leading to progressive pulmonary infection and exocrine pancreatic dysfunction. Several gastrointestinal complications other than malabsorption can arise during the disease course and with the progressively increasing life span of patients with CF; new and more rare complications are being recognized. We review the literature on gastrointestinal manifestations in CF, excluding the liver and pancreas. CONCLUSION We describe the clinical presentation and treatment of more common conditions like gastroesophageal reflux, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, intussusception, meconium ileus, distal intestinal obstruction syndrome, and constipation, and we also discuss what is known on celiac disease, appendicitis, fibrosing colonopathy, inflammation and inflammatory bowel disease and gastrointestinal cancer. WHAT IS KNOWN • Gastrointestinal complications arise early in the course of the disease and have a severe impact on the quality of life of the patients. What is New: • This review is a concise summary of the current literature on gastrointestinal complications of cystic fibrosis. • We focused on clinical presentation and diagnostic investigations and provide a comprehensive resume of the current treatment options.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stephanie Demeyer
- Universitaire Ziekenhuizen Leuven, Leuven, Vlaams-Brabant, Belgium. .,Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, Leuven, 3000, Belgium.
| | - Kris De Boeck
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Peter Witters
- Department of Pediatrics, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
| | - Katrien Cosaert
- Department of Pharmocology, University Hospital Gasthuisberg, Herestraat 49, Leuven, 3000, Belgium
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Xia D, Qu L, Li G, Hongdu B, Xu C, Lin X, Lou Y, He Q, Ma D, Chen Y. MARCH2 regulates autophagy by promoting CFTR ubiquitination and degradation and PIK3CA-AKT-MTOR signaling. Autophagy 2016; 12:1614-30. [PMID: 27308891 DOI: 10.1080/15548627.2016.1192752] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
Abstract
MARCH2 (membrane-associated RING-CH protein 2), an E3 ubiquitin ligase, is mainly associated with the vesicle trafficking. In the present study, for the first time, we demonstrated that MARCH2 negatively regulates autophagy. Our data indicated that overexpression of MARCH2 impaired autophagy, as evidenced by attenuated levels of LC3B-II and impaired degradation of endogenous and exogenous autophagic substrates. By contrast, loss of MARCH2 expression had the opposite effects. In vivo experiments demonstrate that MARCH2 knockout mediated autophagy results in an inhibition of tumorigenicity. Further investigation revealed that the induction of autophagy by MARCH2 deficiency was mediated through the PIK3CA-AKT-MTOR signaling pathway. Additionally, we found that MARCH2 interacts with CFTR (cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator), promotes the ubiquitination and degradation of CFTR, and inhibits CFTR-mediated autophagy in tumor cells. The functional PDZ domain of MARCH2 is required for the association with CFTR. Thus, our study identified a novel negative regulator of autophagy and suggested that the physical and functional connection between the MARCH2 and CFTR in different conditions will be elucidated in the further experiments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dan Xia
- a Department of Immunology , Peking University School of Basic Medical Sciences , Beijing , China.,b Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Peking University Health Sciences Center , Beijing , China.,c Center for Human Disease Genomics, Peking University , Beijing , China
| | - Liujing Qu
- a Department of Immunology , Peking University School of Basic Medical Sciences , Beijing , China.,b Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Peking University Health Sciences Center , Beijing , China.,c Center for Human Disease Genomics, Peking University , Beijing , China
| | - Ge Li
- a Department of Immunology , Peking University School of Basic Medical Sciences , Beijing , China.,b Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Peking University Health Sciences Center , Beijing , China.,c Center for Human Disease Genomics, Peking University , Beijing , China
| | - Beiqi Hongdu
- a Department of Immunology , Peking University School of Basic Medical Sciences , Beijing , China.,b Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Peking University Health Sciences Center , Beijing , China.,c Center for Human Disease Genomics, Peking University , Beijing , China
| | - Chentong Xu
- a Department of Immunology , Peking University School of Basic Medical Sciences , Beijing , China.,b Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Peking University Health Sciences Center , Beijing , China.,c Center for Human Disease Genomics, Peking University , Beijing , China
| | - Xin Lin
- a Department of Immunology , Peking University School of Basic Medical Sciences , Beijing , China.,b Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Peking University Health Sciences Center , Beijing , China.,c Center for Human Disease Genomics, Peking University , Beijing , China
| | - Yaxin Lou
- d Medical and Healthy Analytical Center, Peking University , Beijing , China
| | - Qihua He
- d Medical and Healthy Analytical Center, Peking University , Beijing , China
| | - Dalong Ma
- a Department of Immunology , Peking University School of Basic Medical Sciences , Beijing , China.,b Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Peking University Health Sciences Center , Beijing , China.,c Center for Human Disease Genomics, Peking University , Beijing , China
| | - Yingyu Chen
- a Department of Immunology , Peking University School of Basic Medical Sciences , Beijing , China.,b Key Laboratory of Medical Immunology, Ministry of Health, Peking University Health Sciences Center , Beijing , China.,c Center for Human Disease Genomics, Peking University , Beijing , China
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46
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The Contribution of Ig-Superfamily and MARVEL D Tight Junction Proteins to Cancer Pathobiology. CURRENT PATHOBIOLOGY REPORTS 2016. [DOI: 10.1007/s40139-016-0105-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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Hou Y, Guan X, Yang Z, Li C. Emerging role of cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator - an epithelial chloride channel in gastrointestinal cancers. World J Gastrointest Oncol 2016; 8:282-288. [PMID: 26989463 PMCID: PMC4789613 DOI: 10.4251/wjgo.v8.i3.282] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Revised: 10/21/2015] [Accepted: 12/21/2015] [Indexed: 02/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR), a glycoprotein with 1480 amino acids, has been well established as a chloride channel mainly expressed in the epithelial cells of various tissues and organs such as lungs, sweat glands, gastrointestinal system, and reproductive organs. Although defective CFTR leads to cystic fibrosis, a common genetic disorder in the Caucasian population, there is accumulating evidence that suggests a novel role of CFTR in various cancers, especially in gastroenterological cancers, such as pancreatic cancer and colon cancer. In this review, we summarize the emerging findings that link CFTR with various cancers, with focus on the association between CFTR defects and gastrointestinal cancers as well as the underlying mechanisms. Further study of CFTR in cancer biology may help pave a new way for the diagnosis and treatment of gastrointestinal cancers.
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Niccum DE, Billings JL, Dunitz JM, Khoruts A. Colonoscopic screening shows increased early incidence and progression of adenomas in cystic fibrosis. J Cyst Fibros 2016; 15:548-53. [PMID: 26851188 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcf.2016.01.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/23/2015] [Revised: 12/08/2015] [Accepted: 01/11/2016] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Colorectal cancer is an emerging problem in cystic fibrosis (CF). The goal of this study was to evaluate adenoma detection by systematic colonoscopic screening and surveillance. METHODS We analyzed prospectively collected results of colonoscopies initiated at age 40years from 88 CF patients at a single Cystic Fibrosis Center. We also reviewed results of diagnostic colonoscopies from 27 patients aged 30-39years performed during the same time period at the Center. RESULTS The incidence of polyp detection increased markedly after age 40 in CF patients. Greater than 50% were found to have adenomatous polyps; approximately 25% had advanced adenomas as defined by size and/or histopathology; 3% were found to have colon cancer. Multivariate analysis demonstrated specific risk factors for adenoma formation and progression. CONCLUSIONS Early screening and more frequent surveillance should be considered in patients with CF due to early incidence and progression of adenomas in this patient population.
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Affiliation(s)
- David E Niccum
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Minnesota, United States
| | - Joanne L Billings
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Minnesota, United States
| | - Jordan M Dunitz
- Department of Medicine, Division of Pulmonary, Allergy, Critical Care and Sleep Medicine, University of Minnesota, United States
| | - Alexander Khoruts
- Department of Medicine, Division of Gastroenterology, Hepatology, and Nutrition, University of Minnesota, United States.
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49
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Than BLN, Linnekamp JF, Starr TK, Largaespada DA, Rod A, Zhang Y, Bruner V, Abrahante J, Schumann A, Luczak T, Walter J, Niemczyk A, O'Sullivan MG, Medema JP, Fijneman RJA, Meijer GA, Van den Broek E, Hodges CA, Scott PM, Vermeulen L, Cormier RT. CFTR is a tumor suppressor gene in murine and human intestinal cancer. Oncogene 2016; 35:4179-87. [PMID: 26751771 DOI: 10.1038/onc.2015.483] [Citation(s) in RCA: 122] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Revised: 10/22/2015] [Accepted: 11/14/2015] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
CFTR, the cystic fibrosis (CF) gene, encodes for the CFTR protein that plays an essential role in anion regulation and tissue homeostasis of various epithelia. In the gastrointestinal (GI) tract CFTR promotes chloride and bicarbonate secretion, playing an essential role in ion and acid-base homeostasis. Cftr has been identified as a candidate driver gene for colorectal cancer (CRC) in several Sleeping Beauty DNA transposon-based forward genetic screens in mice. Further, recent epidemiological and clinical studies indicate that CF patients are at high risk for developing tumors in the colon. To investigate the effects of CFTR dysregulation on GI cancer, we generated Apc(Min) mice that carried an intestinal-specific knockout of Cftr. Our results indicate that Cftr is a tumor suppressor gene in the intestinal tract as Cftr mutant mice developed significantly more tumors in the colon and the entire small intestine. In Apc(+/+) mice aged to ~1 year, Cftr deficiency alone caused the development of intestinal tumors in >60% of mice. Colon organoid formation was significantly increased in organoids created from Cftr mutant mice compared with wild-type controls, suggesting a potential role of Cftr in regulating the intestinal stem cell compartment. Microarray data from the Cftr-deficient colon and the small intestine identified dysregulated genes that belong to groups of immune response, ion channel, intestinal stem cell and other growth signaling regulators. These associated clusters of genes were confirmed by pathway analysis using Ingenuity Pathway Analysis and gene set enrichment analysis (GSEA). We also conducted RNA Seq analysis of tumors from Apc(+/+) Cftr knockout mice and identified sets of genes dysregulated in tumors including altered Wnt β-catenin target genes. Finally we analyzed expression of CFTR in early stage human CRC patients stratified by risk of recurrence and found that loss of expression of CFTR was significantly associated with poor disease-free survival.
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Affiliation(s)
- B L N Than
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - J F Linnekamp
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - T K Starr
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, Center for Genome Engineering, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA.,Department of Obstetrics, Gynecology and Women's Health, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - D A Largaespada
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - A Rod
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - Y Zhang
- University of Minnesota Supercomputing Institute, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - V Bruner
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - J Abrahante
- Department of Genetics, Cell Biology and Development, Center for Genome Engineering, Masonic Cancer Center, University of Minnesota Medical School, Minneapolis, MN, USA
| | - A Schumann
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - T Luczak
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - J Walter
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - A Niemczyk
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - M G O'Sullivan
- College of Veterinary Medicine, University of Minnesota, St Paul, MN, USA
| | - J P Medema
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - R J A Fijneman
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - G A Meijer
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.,Netherlands Cancer Institute, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - E Van den Broek
- Department of Pathology, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands
| | - C A Hodges
- Department of Pediatrics, Case Western Reserve University School of Medicine, Cleveland, OH, USA
| | - P M Scott
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN, USA
| | - L Vermeulen
- Laboratory of Experimental Oncology and Radiobiology, Center for Experimental Molecular Medicine, Academic Medical Center, Amsterdam, the Netherlands
| | - R T Cormier
- Department of Biomedical Sciences, University of Minnesota Medical School, Duluth, MN, USA
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50
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Ma J, Sheng Z, Lv Y, Liu W, Yao Q, Pan T, Xu Z, Zhang C, Xu G. Expression and clinical significance of Nectin-4 in hepatocellular carcinoma. Onco Targets Ther 2016; 9:183-90. [PMID: 26793002 PMCID: PMC4708195 DOI: 10.2147/ott.s96999] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE Nectin-4 is a member of the Nectin family of four Ca(+)-independent immunoglobulin-like cell adhesion molecules and implicated in cell adhesion, movement, proliferation, differentiation, polarization, and survival. The aberrant expression of Nectin-4 has been found in a variety of tumors; however, its expression in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is still poorly understood. This study was to investigate the expression of Nectin-4 and its clinical significance in the patients with HCC. METHODS The expression of Nectin-4 was assessed at mRNA and protein levels by quantitative reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) and Western blotting assays in 20 HCC specimens and adjacent non-tumor live tissues. Furthermore, the clinical significance of Nectin-4 in 87 cases of HCC was confirmed by immunohistochemistry. RESULTS The mRNA and protein levels of Nectin-4 were higher in HCC tumor tissues than in the matched non-tumor tissues. Nectin-4 was located in the cytoplasm of tumor cells and over-expressed in 67.82% (59/87) HCC tissues by immunohistochemical staining. Positive Nectin-4 expression was significantly correlated with tumor size (P=0.029), status of metastasis (P=0.023), vascular invasion (P=0.018) and tumor-node-metastasis stage (P=0.003). In addition, Kaplan-Meier survival analysis indicated that positive Nectin-4 expression was associated with worse recurrence-free survival (RFS) and overall survival (OS) (P=0.006 and P=0.005, respectively). In multivariate analysis, Nectin-4 was an independent prognostic factor for RFS and OS in the patients with HCC. CONCLUSION Nectin-4 is upregulated in HCC and may be a novel prognostic biomarker for the patients after surgical resection.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jie Ma
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China; Department of Hepatic Surgery, Affiliated Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - ZhiYong Sheng
- Medical Center, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - Yang Lv
- Department of Plastic Surgery, The Second Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - WenBin Liu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China; Department of Hepatic Surgery, Affiliated Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - QiYang Yao
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - TingTing Pan
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - ZhiJun Xu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - ChuanHai Zhang
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China; Department of Hepatic Surgery, Affiliated Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
| | - GeLiang Xu
- Anhui Province Key Laboratory of Hepatopancreatobiliary Surgery, Affiliated Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China; Department of Hepatic Surgery, Affiliated Provincial Hospital of Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, People's Republic of China
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