1
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To KKW, Huang Z, Zhang H, Ashby CR, Fu L. Utilizing non-coding RNA-mediated regulation of ATP binding cassette (ABC) transporters to overcome multidrug resistance to cancer chemotherapy. Drug Resist Updat 2024; 73:101058. [PMID: 38277757 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2024.101058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2023] [Revised: 12/27/2023] [Accepted: 01/16/2024] [Indexed: 01/28/2024]
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) is one of the primary factors that produces treatment failure in patients receiving cancer chemotherapy. MDR is a complex multifactorial phenomenon, characterized by a decrease or abrogation of the efficacy of a wide spectrum of anticancer drugs that are structurally and mechanistically distinct. The overexpression of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters, notably ABCG2 and ABCB1, are one of the primary mediators of MDR in cancer cells, which promotes the efflux of certain chemotherapeutic drugs from cancer cells, thereby decreasing or abolishing their therapeutic efficacy. A number of studies have suggested that non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), particularly microRNAs (miRNAs), long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) and circular RNAs (circRNAs), play a pivotal role in mediating the upregulation of ABC transporters in certain MDR cancer cells. This review will provide updated information about the induction of ABC transporters due to the aberrant regulation of ncRNAs in cancer cells. We will also discuss the measurement and biological profile of circulating ncRNAs in various body fluids as potential biomarkers for predicting the response of cancer patients to chemotherapy. Sequence variations, such as alternative polyadenylation of mRNA and single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) at miRNA target sites, which may indicate the interaction of miRNA-mediated gene regulation with genetic variations to modulate the MDR phenotype, will be reviewed. Finally, we will highlight novel strategies that could be used to modulate ncRNAs and circumvent ABC transporter-mediated MDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth K W To
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region.
| | - Zoufang Huang
- Department of Hematology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Gannan Medical University, Ganzhou 341000, China
| | - Hang Zhang
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong Special Administrative Region
| | - Charles R Ashby
- Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, College of Pharmacy and Health Sciences, St. John's University, Queens, NY 11439, United States
| | - Liwu Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China; Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine; Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center, Guangzhou 510060, China.
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2
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Saini P, Anugula S, Fong YW. The Role of ATP-Binding Cassette Proteins in Stem Cell Pluripotency. Biomedicines 2023; 11:1868. [PMID: 37509507 PMCID: PMC10377311 DOI: 10.3390/biomedicines11071868] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/17/2023] [Revised: 06/20/2023] [Accepted: 06/22/2023] [Indexed: 07/30/2023] Open
Abstract
Pluripotent stem cells (PSCs) are highly proliferative cells that can self-renew indefinitely in vitro. Upon receiving appropriate signals, PSCs undergo differentiation and can generate every cell type in the body. These unique properties of PSCs require specific gene expression patterns that define stem cell identity and dynamic regulation of intracellular metabolism to support cell growth and cell fate transitions. PSCs are prone to DNA damage due to elevated replicative and transcriptional stress. Therefore, mechanisms to prevent deleterious mutations in PSCs that compromise stem cell function or increase the risk of tumor formation from becoming amplified and propagated to progenitor cells are essential for embryonic development and for using PSCs including induced PSCs (iPSCs) as a cell source for regenerative medicine. In this review, we discuss the role of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) superfamily in maintaining PSC homeostasis, and propose how their activities can influence cellular signaling and stem cell fate decisions. Finally, we highlight recent discoveries that not all ABC family members perform only canonical metabolite and peptide transport functions in PSCs; rather, they can participate in diverse cellular processes from genome surveillance to gene transcription and mRNA translation, which are likely to maintain the pristine state of PSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Prince Saini
- Brigham Regenerative Medicine Center, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (P.S.); (S.A.)
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Sharath Anugula
- Brigham Regenerative Medicine Center, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (P.S.); (S.A.)
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
| | - Yick W. Fong
- Brigham Regenerative Medicine Center, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA; (P.S.); (S.A.)
- Department of Medicine, Cardiovascular Medicine Division, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
- Harvard Stem Cell Institute, Cambridge, MA 02138, USA
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3
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Kolacsek O, Wachtl G, Fóthi Á, Schamberger A, Sándor S, Pergel E, Varga N, Raskó T, Izsvák Z, Apáti Á, Orbán TI. Functional indications for transposase domestications - Characterization of the human piggyBac transposase derived (PGBD) activities. Gene 2022; 834:146609. [PMID: 35609796 DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2022.146609] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/15/2021] [Revised: 05/17/2022] [Accepted: 05/18/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Transposable elements are widespread in all living organisms. In addition to self-reproduction, they are a major source of genetic variation that drives genome evolution but our knowledge of the functions of human genes derived from transposases is limited. There are examples of transposon-derived, domesticated human genes that lost (SETMAR) or retained (THAP9) their transposase activity, however, several remnants in the human genome have not been thoroughly investigated yet. These include the five human piggyBac-derived sequences (PGBD1-5) which share ancestry with the Trichoplusia ni originated piggyBac (PB) transposase. Since PB is widely used in gene delivery applications, the potential activities of endogenous PGBDs are important to address. However, previous data is controversial, especially with the claimed transposition activity of PGBD5, it awaits further investigations. Here, we aimed to systematically analyze all five human PGBD proteins from several aspects, including phylogenetic conservation, potential transposase activity, expression pattern and their regulation in different stress conditions. Among PGBDs, PGBD5 is under the highest purifying selection, and exhibits the most cell type specific expression pattern. In a two-component vector system, none of the human PGBDs could mobilize either the insect PB transposon or the endogenous human PB-like MER75 and MER85 elements with intact terminal sequences. When cells were exposed to various stress conditions, including hypoxia, oxidative or UV stress, the expression profiles of all PGBDs showed different, often cell type specific responses; however, the pattern of PGBD5 in most cases had the opposite tendency than that of the other piggyBac-derived elements. Taken together, our results indicate that human PGBD elements did not retain their mobilizing activity, but their cell type specific, and cellular stress related expression profiles point toward distinct domesticated functions that require further characterization.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orsolya Kolacsek
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Gerda Wachtl
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; Doctoral School of Biology, Institute of Biology, ELTE Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ábel Fóthi
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anita Schamberger
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Sára Sándor
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Enikő Pergel
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nóra Varga
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Raskó
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Society, Berlin, Germany
| | - Zsuzsanna Izsvák
- Max Delbrück Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Society, Berlin, Germany
| | - Ágota Apáti
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás I Orbán
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.
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4
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Huang S, Song Y, Liang T, Zhang JR, Zhu JJ. CRISPR System-Linked Self-Assembling Nanoplatforms for Inspection and Screening of Gastric Cancer Stem Cells. SMALL (WEINHEIM AN DER BERGSTRASSE, GERMANY) 2022; 18:e2104622. [PMID: 34874610 DOI: 10.1002/smll.202104622] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/03/2021] [Revised: 11/10/2021] [Indexed: 06/13/2023]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSCs) possess a high degree of plasticity, constituting a formidable challenge to identify and screen CSCs in situ with outstanding specificity and sensitivity. To overcome this limitation, a self-assembled heterodimer consisting of clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/Cas12a (named A-CCA) linkage is designed for in situ identification and screening of gastric CSCs (GCSCs) from gastric cancer cells (GCCs). In this system, the editable character of crRNA performs recognition of dual-targets in GCSCs, effectively boosting the specificity of identification, while the enzymatic reaction of Cas12a contributes meaningfully to the sensitivity of sensing, enabling in situ examination and screening of GCSCs. Specifically, the A-CCA nanoplatforms hybridized with ABCG 2 and ABCB 1 overexpress in GCSCs, which can generate heterodimers and simultaneously restore the function of trans-cleavage. At this time, the asymmetry of the heterodimer causes a circular dichroism signal, which together with the recovered fluorescence signal form a dual-signals output system that can further ensure the precision of screening GCSC. Therefore, fluorescence-enhanced GCSCs can be sorted out from GCCs by flow cytometry. Furthermore, GCSCs screened by this assay possess extremely aggressive tumorigenic efficiency, providing a fundamental research object for further developing CSC targeted drugs in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shan Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Yuexin Song
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Tingxizi Liang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
| | - Jian-Rong Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
- School of Chemistry and Life Science, Nanjing University Jinling College, Nanjing, 210089, P. R. China
| | - Jun-Jie Zhu
- State Key Laboratory of Analytical Chemistry for Life Science, School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Nanjing University, Nanjing, 210023, P. R. China
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5
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Kukal S, Guin D, Rawat C, Bora S, Mishra MK, Sharma P, Paul PR, Kanojia N, Grewal GK, Kukreti S, Saso L, Kukreti R. Multidrug efflux transporter ABCG2: expression and regulation. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 78:6887-6939. [PMID: 34586444 PMCID: PMC11072723 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-03901-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2021] [Revised: 06/24/2021] [Accepted: 07/15/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
The adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-binding cassette efflux transporter G2 (ABCG2) was originally discovered in a multidrug-resistant breast cancer cell line. Studies in the past have expanded the understanding of its role in physiology, disease pathology and drug resistance. With a widely distributed expression across different cell types, ABCG2 plays a central role in ATP-dependent efflux of a vast range of endogenous and exogenous molecules, thereby maintaining cellular homeostasis and providing tissue protection against xenobiotic insults. However, ABCG2 expression is subjected to alterations under various pathophysiological conditions such as inflammation, infection, tissue injury, disease pathology and in response to xenobiotics and endobiotics. These changes may interfere with the bioavailability of therapeutic substrate drugs conferring drug resistance and in certain cases worsen the pathophysiological state aggravating its severity. Considering the crucial role of ABCG2 in normal physiology, therapeutic interventions directly targeting the transporter function may produce serious side effects. Therefore, modulation of transporter regulation instead of inhibiting the transporter itself will allow subtle changes in ABCG2 activity. This requires a thorough comprehension of diverse factors and complex signaling pathways (Kinases, Wnt/β-catenin, Sonic hedgehog) operating at multiple regulatory levels dictating ABCG2 expression and activity. This review features a background on the physiological role of transporter, factors that modulate ABCG2 levels and highlights various signaling pathways, molecular mechanisms and genetic polymorphisms in ABCG2 regulation. This understanding will aid in identifying potential molecular targets for therapeutic interventions to overcome ABCG2-mediated multidrug resistance (MDR) and to manage ABCG2-related pathophysiology.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samiksha Kukal
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Mall Road, Delhi, 110007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Debleena Guin
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Mall Road, Delhi, 110007, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Shahbad Daulatpur, Main Bawana Road, Delhi, 110042, India
| | - Chitra Rawat
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Mall Road, Delhi, 110007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Shivangi Bora
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Mall Road, Delhi, 110007, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Shahbad Daulatpur, Main Bawana Road, Delhi, 110042, India
| | - Manish Kumar Mishra
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Mall Road, Delhi, 110007, India
- Department of Biotechnology, Delhi Technological University, Shahbad Daulatpur, Main Bawana Road, Delhi, 110042, India
| | - Priya Sharma
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Mall Road, Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Priyanka Rani Paul
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Mall Road, Delhi, 110007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Neha Kanojia
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Mall Road, Delhi, 110007, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India
| | - Gurpreet Kaur Grewal
- Department of Biotechnology, Kanya Maha Vidyalaya, Jalandhar, Punjab, 144004, India
| | - Shrikant Kukreti
- Nucleic Acids Research Lab, Department of Chemistry, University of Delhi (North Campus), Delhi, 110007, India
| | - Luciano Saso
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology "Vittorio Erspamer", Sapienza University of Rome, P. le Aldo Moro 5, 00185, Rome, Italy
| | - Ritushree Kukreti
- Genomics and Molecular Medicine Unit, Institute of Genomics and Integrative Biology (IGIB), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research (CSIR), Mall Road, Delhi, 110007, India.
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, 201002, India.
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6
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Modulating cell differentiation in cancer models. Biochem Soc Trans 2021; 49:1803-1816. [PMID: 34436513 DOI: 10.1042/bst20210230] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/14/2021] [Revised: 08/06/2021] [Accepted: 08/10/2021] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Cancer has been traditionally viewed as a disease characterised by excessive and uncontrolled proliferation, leading to the development of cytotoxic therapies against highly proliferating malignant cells. However, tumours frequently relapse due to the presence of slow-cycling cancer stem cells eluding chemo and radiotherapy. Since these malignant stem cells are largely undifferentiated, inducing their lineage commitment has been proposed as a potential intervention strategy to deplete tumours from their most resistant components. Pro-differentiation approaches have thus far yielded clinical success in the reversion of acute promyelocytic leukaemia (APL), and new developments are fast widening their therapeutic applicability to solid carcinomas. Recent advances in cancer differentiation discussed here highlight the potential and outstanding challenges of differentiation-based approaches.
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7
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Posttranscriptional Regulation of the Human ABCG2 Multidrug Transporter Protein by Artificial Mirtrons. Genes (Basel) 2021; 12:genes12071068. [PMID: 34356084 PMCID: PMC8307164 DOI: 10.3390/genes12071068] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2021] [Revised: 07/08/2021] [Accepted: 07/09/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
ABCG2 is a membrane transporter protein that has been associated with multidrug resistance phenotype and tumor development. Additionally, it is expressed in various stem cells, providing cellular protection against endobiotics and xenobiotics. In this study, we designed artificial mirtrons to regulate ABCG2 expression posttranscriptionally. Applying EGFP as a host gene, we could achieve efficient silencing not only in luciferase reporter systems but also at the ABCG2 protein level. Moreover, we observed important new sequential-functional features of the designed mirtrons. Mismatch at the first position of the mirtron-derived small RNA resulted in better silencing than full complementarity, while the investigated middle and 3′ mismatches did not enhance silencing. These latter small RNAs operated most probably via non-seed specific translational inhibition in luciferase assays. Additionally, we found that a mismatch in the first position has not, but a second mismatch in the third position has abolished target mRNA decay. Besides, one nucleotide mismatch in the seed region did not impair efficient silencing at the protein level, providing the possibility to silence targets carrying single nucleotide polymorphisms or mutations. Taken together, we believe that apart from establishing an efficient ABCG2 silencing system, our designing pipeline and results on sequential-functional features are beneficial for developing artificial mirtrons for other targets.
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8
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Medically Important Alterations in Transport Function and Trafficking of ABCG2. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22062786. [PMID: 33801813 PMCID: PMC8001156 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22062786] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/09/2021] [Revised: 03/04/2021] [Accepted: 03/05/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Several polymorphisms and mutations in the human ABCG2 multidrug transporter result in reduced plasma membrane expression and/or diminished transport function. Since ABCG2 plays a pivotal role in uric acid clearance, its malfunction may lead to hyperuricemia and gout. On the other hand, ABCG2 residing in various barrier tissues is involved in the innate defense mechanisms of the body; thus, genetic alterations in ABCG2 may modify the absorption, distribution, excretion of potentially toxic endo- and exogenous substances. In turn, this can lead either to altered therapy responses or to drug-related toxic reactions. This paper reviews the various types of mutations and polymorphisms in ABCG2, as well as the ways how altered cellular processing, trafficking, and transport activity of the protein can contribute to phenotypic manifestations. In addition, the various methods used for the identification of the impairments in ABCG2 variants and the different approaches to correct these defects are overviewed.
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9
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Miyagi-Shiohira C, Saitoh I, Watanabe M, Noguchi H. Kyoto probe-1 reveals phenotypic differences between mouse ES cells and iTS-P cells. Sci Rep 2020; 10:18084. [PMID: 33093580 PMCID: PMC7582910 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-75016-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2020] [Accepted: 10/09/2020] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
Kyoto probe 1 (KP-1) rapidly distinguishes between human ES/iPS (hES/iPS) cells and their differentiated cells. Recently, we generated induced tissue-specific stem cells from pancreas (iTS-P cells) using reprogramming factors and tissue-specific selection. The iTS-P cells have self-renewal potential, and subcutaneously transplanting them into immunodeficient mice did not generate teratomas. In this study, we applied KP-1 to analyze mouse ES (mES) cells and mouse iTS-P (miTS-P) cells. KP-1 completely stained mES cells in colonies, but only miTS-P cells at the edge of a colony. This difference was caused by cell type-specific expression of different ABC transporters. These finding suggest that KP-1 will be useful for distinguishing between iPS and iTS-P cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chika Miyagi-Shiohira
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan
| | - Issei Saitoh
- Division of Pediatric Dentistry, Graduate School of Medical and Dental Science, Niigata University, Niigata, 951-8514, Japan
| | - Masami Watanabe
- Department of Urology, Okayama University Graduate School of Medicine, Dentistry and Pharmaceutical Sciences, Okayama, 700-8558, Japan
| | - Hirofumi Noguchi
- Department of Regenerative Medicine, Graduate School of Medicine, University of the Ryukyus, 207 Uehara, Nishihara, Okinawa, 903-0215, Japan.
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10
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Sarkadi B, Homolya L, Hegedűs T. The ABCG2/BCRP transporter and its variants - from structure to pathology. FEBS Lett 2020; 594:4012-4034. [PMID: 33015850 DOI: 10.1002/1873-3468.13947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 7.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Revised: 08/27/2020] [Accepted: 09/21/2020] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
The ABCG2 protein has a key role in the transport of a wide range of structurally dissimilar endo- and xenobiotics in the human body, especially in the tissue barriers and the metabolizing or secreting organs. The human ABCG2 gene harbors a high number of polymorphisms and mutations, which may significantly modulate its expression and function. Recent high-resolution structural data, complemented with molecular dynamic simulations, may significantly help to understand intramolecular movements and substrate handling, as well as the effects of mutations on the membrane transporter function of ABCG2. As reviewed here, structural alterations may result not only in direct alterations in drug binding and transporter activity, but also in improper folding or problems in the carefully regulated process of trafficking, including vesicular transport, endocytosis, recycling, and degradation. Here, we also review the clinical importance of altered ABCG2 expression and function in general drug metabolism, cancer multidrug resistance, and impaired uric acid excretion, leading to gout.
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Affiliation(s)
- Balázs Sarkadi
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.,Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Homolya
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás Hegedűs
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
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11
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Kovacsics D, Brózik A, Tihanyi B, Matula Z, Borsy A, Mészáros N, Szabó E, Németh E, Fóthi Á, Zámbó B, Szüts D, Várady G, Orbán TI, Apáti Á, Sarkadi B. Precision-engineered reporter cell lines reveal ABCG2 regulation in live lung cancer cells. Biochem Pharmacol 2020; 175:113865. [PMID: 32142727 DOI: 10.1016/j.bcp.2020.113865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/06/2019] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Expression of the ABCG2 multidrug transporter is a marker of cancer stem cells and a predictor of recurrent malignant disease. Understanding how human ABCG2 expression is modulated by pharmacotherapy is crucial in guiding therapeutic recommendations and may aid rational drug development. Genome edited reporter cells are useful in investigating gene regulation and visualizing protein activity in live cells but require precise targeting to preserve native regulatory regions. Here, we describe a fluorescent reporter assay that allows the noninvasive assessment of ABCG2 regulation in human lung adenocarcinoma cells. Using CRISPR-Cas9 gene editing coupled with homology-directed repair, we targeted an EGFP coding sequence to the translational start site of ABCG2, generating ABCG2 knock-out and in situ tagged ABCG2 reporter cells. Using the engineered cell lines, we show that ABCG2 is upregulated by a number of anti-cancer medications, HDAC inhibitors, hypoxia-mimicking agents and glucocorticoids, supporting a model in which ABCG2 is under the control of a general stress response. To our knowledge, this is the first description of a fluorescent reporter assay system designed to follow the endogenous regulation of a human ABC transporter in live cells. The information gained may guide therapy recommendations and aid rational drug design.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniella Kovacsics
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Institute of Enzymology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anna Brózik
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Institute of Enzymology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Borbála Tihanyi
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Institute of Enzymology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsolt Matula
- South-Pest Hospital Centre, National Institute of Hematology and Infectious Diseases, Laboratory of Molecular and Cytogenetics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Adrienn Borsy
- South-Pest Hospital Centre, National Institute of Hematology and Infectious Diseases, Laboratory of Molecular and Cytogenetics, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Nikolett Mészáros
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Institute of Enzymology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Edit Szabó
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Institute of Enzymology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Eszter Németh
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Institute of Enzymology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ábel Fóthi
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Institute of Enzymology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Boglárka Zámbó
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Institute of Enzymology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Dávid Szüts
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Institute of Enzymology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - György Várady
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Institute of Enzymology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás I Orbán
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Institute of Enzymology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ágota Apáti
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Institute of Enzymology, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Sarkadi
- Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Institute of Enzymology, Budapest, Hungary.
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12
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Török G, Erdei Z, Lilienberg J, Apáti Á, Homolya L. The importance of transporters and cell polarization for the evaluation of human stem cell-derived hepatic cells. PLoS One 2020; 15:e0227751. [PMID: 31971960 PMCID: PMC6977753 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0227751] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/23/2019] [Accepted: 12/27/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
One of the most promising applications of human pluripotent stem cells is their utilization for human-based pharmacological models. Despite the fact that membrane transporters expressed in the liver play pivotal role in various hepatic functions, thus far only little attention was devoted to the membrane transporter composition of the stem cell-derived liver models. In the present work, we have differentiated HUES9, a human embryonic stem cell line, toward the hepatic lineage, and monitored the expression levels of numerous differentiation marker and liver transporter genes with special focus on ABC transporters. In addition, the effect of bile acid treatment and polarizing culturing conditions on hepatic maturation has been assessed. We found that most transporter genes crucial for hepatic functions are markedly induced during hepatic differentiation; however, as regards the transporter composition the end-stage cells still exhibited dual, hepatocyte and cholangiocyte character. Although the bile acid treatment and sandwich culturing only slightly influenced the gene expressions, the stimulated cell polarization resulted in formation of bile canaliculi and proper localization of transporters. Our results point to the importance of membrane transporters in human stem cell-derived hepatic models and demonstrate the relevance of cell polarization in generation of applicable cellular models with correctly localized transporters. On the basis of our observations we suggest that conventional criteria for the evaluation of the quality of stem cell-derived hepatocyte-like cells ought to be augmented with additional elements, such as polarized and functional expression of hepatic transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- György Török
- Molecular Cell Biology Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences Centre of Excellence, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsa Erdei
- Molecular Cell Biology Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences Centre of Excellence, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Julianna Lilienberg
- Molecular Cell Biology Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences Centre of Excellence, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ágota Apáti
- Molecular Cell Biology Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences Centre of Excellence, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Homolya
- Molecular Cell Biology Research Group, Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences Centre of Excellence, Budapest, Hungary
- * E-mail:
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13
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Mózner O, Bartos Z, Zámbó B, Homolya L, Hegedűs T, Sarkadi B. Cellular Processing of the ABCG2 Transporter-Potential Effects on Gout and Drug Metabolism. Cells 2019; 8:E1215. [PMID: 31597297 PMCID: PMC6830335 DOI: 10.3390/cells8101215] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/10/2019] [Revised: 10/04/2019] [Accepted: 10/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
The human ABCG2 is an important plasma membrane multidrug transporter, involved in uric acid secretion, modulation of absorption of drugs, and in drug resistance of cancer cells. Variants of the ABCG2 transporter, affecting cellular processing and trafficking, have been shown to cause gout and increased drug toxicity. In this paper, we overview the key cellular pathways involved in the processing and trafficking of large membrane proteins, focusing on ABC transporters. We discuss the information available for disease-causing polymorphic variants and selected mutations of ABCG2, causing increased degradation and impaired travelling of the transporter to the plasma membrane. In addition, we provide a detailed in silico analysis of an as yet unrecognized loop region of the ABCG2 protein, in which a recently discovered mutation may actually promote ABCG2 membrane expression. We suggest that post-translational modifications in this unstructured loop at the cytoplasmic surface of the protein may have special influence on ABCG2 processing and trafficking.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orsolya Mózner
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudosok krt. 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Zsuzsa Bartos
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudosok krt. 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary.
- MTA-SE Molecular Biophysics Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Tűzoltó u. 37-47, 1094 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Boglárka Zámbó
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudosok krt. 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - László Homolya
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudosok krt. 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Tamás Hegedűs
- MTA-SE Molecular Biophysics Research Group, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Tűzoltó u. 37-47, 1094 Budapest, Hungary.
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó u. 37-47, 1094 Budapest, Hungary.
| | - Balázs Sarkadi
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Magyar Tudosok krt. 2, 1117 Budapest, Hungary.
- Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Tűzoltó u. 37-47, 1094 Budapest, Hungary.
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14
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Erdei Z, Schamberger A, Török G, Szebényi K, Várady G, Orbán TI, Homolya L, Sarkadi B, Apáti Á. Generation of multidrug resistant human tissues by overexpression of the ABCG2 multidrug transporter in embryonic stem cells. PLoS One 2018; 13:e0194925. [PMID: 29649238 PMCID: PMC5896897 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0194925] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/23/2017] [Accepted: 03/13/2018] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The ABCG2 multidrug transporter provides resistance against various endo- and xenobiotics, and protects the stem cells against toxins and stress conditions. We have shown earlier that a GFP-tagged version of ABCG2 is fully functional and may be used to follow the expression, localization and function of this transporter in living cells. In the present work we have overexpressed GFP-ABCG2, driven by a constitutive (CAG) promoter, in HUES9 human embryonic stem cells. Stem cell clones were generated to express the wild-type and a substrate-mutant (R482G) GFP-ABCG2 variant, by using the Sleeping Beauty transposon system. We found that the stable overexpression of these transgenes did not change the pluripotency and growth properties of the stem cells, nor their differentiation capacity to hepatocytes or cardiomyocytes. ABCG2 overexpression provided increased toxin resistance in the stem cells, and protected the derived cardiomyocytes against doxorubicin toxicity. These studies document the potential of a stable ABCG2 expression for engineering toxin-resistant human pluripotent stem cells and selected stem cell derived tissues.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsa Erdei
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anita Schamberger
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - György Török
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Kornélia Szebényi
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - György Várady
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás I. Orbán
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - László Homolya
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Sarkadi
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
- Institute of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ágota Apáti
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
- * E-mail:
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15
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Abstract
The cancer stem cell (CSC) hypothesis has captured the attention of many scientists. It is believed that elimination of CSCs could possibly eradicate the whole cancer. CSC surface markers provide molecular targeted therapies for various cancers, using therapeutic antibodies specific for the CSC surface markers. Various CSC surface markers have been identified and published. Interestingly, most of the markers used to identify CSCs are derived from surface markers present on human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) or adult stem cells. In this review, we classify the currently known 40 CSC surface markers into 3 different categories, in terms of their expression in hESCs, adult stem cells, and normal tissue cells. Approximately 73% of current CSC surface markers appear to be present on embryonic or adult stem cells, and they are rarely expressed on normal tissue cells. The remaining CSC surface markers are considerably expressed even in normal tissue cells, and some of them have been extensively validated as CSC surface markers by various research groups. We discuss the significance of the categorized CSC surface markers, and provide insight into why surface markers on hESCs are an attractive source to find novel surface markers on CSCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Won-Tae Kim
- Institute of Anticancer Medicine Development, Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea
| | - Chun Jeih Ryu
- Institute of Anticancer Medicine Development, Department of Integrative Bioscience and Biotechnology, Sejong University, Seoul 05006, Korea
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16
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Rosen MB, Jeffay SC, Nichols HP, Hoopes MR, Hunter ES. ATP Binding Cassette Sub-family Member 2 (ABCG2) and Xenobiotic Exposure During Early Mouse Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation. Birth Defects Res 2018; 110:35-47. [PMID: 28990372 PMCID: PMC9831278 DOI: 10.1002/bdr2.1114] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Revised: 07/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/28/2017] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
BACKGROUND ATP binding cassette sub-family member 2 (ABCG2) is a well-defined efflux transporter found in a variety of tissues. The role of ABCG2 during early embryonic development, however, is not established. Previous work which compared data from the ToxCast screening program with that from in-house studies suggested an association exists between exposure to xenobiotics that regulate Abcg2 transcription and differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESC), a relationship potentially related to redox homeostasis. METHODS mESC were grown for up to 9 days. Pharmacological inhibitors were used to assess transporter function with and without xenobiotic exposure. Proliferation and differentiation were evaluated using RedDot1 and quantiative reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction, respectively. ABCG2 activity was assessed using a Pheophorbide a-based fluorescent assay. Protein expression was measured by capillary-based immunoassay. RESULTS ABCG2 activity increased in differentiating mESC. Treatment with K0143, an inhibitor of ABCG2, had no effect on proliferation or differentiation. As expected, mitoxantrone and topotecan, two chemotherapeutics, displayed increased toxicity in the presence of K0143. Exposure to K0143 in combination with chemicals predicted by ToxCast to regulate ABCG2 expression did not alter xenobiotic-induced toxicity. Moreover, inhibition of ABCG2 did not shift the toxicity of either tert-Butyl hydroperoxide or paraquat, two oxidative stressors. CONCLUSION As previously reported, ABCG2 serves a protective role in mESC. The role of ABCG2 in regulating redox status, however, was unclear. The hypothesis that ABCG2 plays a fundamental role during mESC differentiation or that regulation of the receptor by xenobiotics may be associated with altered mESC differentiation could not be supported. Birth Defects Research, 110:35-47, 2018. Published 2017. This article is a U.S. Government work and is in the public domain in the USA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mitchell B Rosen
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Integrated Systems Toxicology Division, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Susan C Jeffay
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Integrated Systems Toxicology Division, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Harriette P Nichols
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Integrated Systems Toxicology Division, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - Maria R Hoopes
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Integrated Systems Toxicology Division, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
| | - E Sidney Hunter
- U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Office of Research and Development, National Health and Environmental Effects Research Laboratory, Integrated Systems Toxicology Division, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina
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17
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Abstract
INTRODUCTION Hyperuricemia (chronically elevated serum uric acid) is the main pathology underlying the development of gout, the most common inflammatory arthropathy. Management of these conditions therefore relies on controlling serum uric acid levels. ATP-binding cassette transporter, sub-family G, member 2 (ABCG2/BCRP) is a well-studied urate transporter expressed on apical membranes in several tissues, including the intestine, liver, and kidney. Here, we discuss the potential of future gout therapies targeting ABCG2. Areas covered: ABCG2 regulates serum uric acid via physiologically important roles in both renal and extra-renal urate excretion. ABCG2 dysfunction, which promotes onset of hyperuricemia, often results in decreased urate excretion through the extra-renal (principally intestinal), rather than the renal pathway. This review covers recent attempts to establish the basis of ABCG2 function according to genetic diathesis, its molecular structure, and the effects of medication. Furthermore, the possibility of treating gout and hyperuricemia by upregulating intestinal ABCG2 expression is examined. Expert opinion: ABCG2 holds great promise as a therapeutic target for these conditions, particularly considering its involvement in extra-renal urate excretion. Manipulation of ABCG2, including controlling the level and location of its expression, has the potential to prevent gout by promoting uric acid excretion as effectively as general uricosuric drugs. ABBREVIATIONS ATP-binding cassette (ABC), transmembrane domain (TMD), nucleotide binding domain (NBD), single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP), single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs).
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Affiliation(s)
- Kyoko Fujita
- a Department of Pathophysiology, School of Pharmacy , Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences , Tokyo , Japan
| | - Kimiyoshi Ichida
- a Department of Pathophysiology, School of Pharmacy , Tokyo University of Pharmacy and Life Sciences , Tokyo , Japan
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18
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Hontecillas-Prieto L, García-Domínguez DJ, García-Mejías R, Ramírez-Villar GL, Sáez C, de Álava E. HMGA2 overexpression predicts relapse susceptibility of blastemal Wilms tumor patients. Oncotarget 2017; 8:115290-115303. [PMID: 29383160 PMCID: PMC5777772 DOI: 10.18632/oncotarget.23256] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2017] [Accepted: 12/04/2017] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Wilms tumor (WT) is an embryonal malignant neoplasm of the kidney that accounts for 6-7% of all childhood cancers. WT seems to derive from multipotent embryonic renal stem cells that have failed to differentiate properly. Since mechanisms underlying WT tumorigenesis remain largely unknown, the aim of this study was to explore the expression of embryonic stem cell (ESC) markers in samples of WT patients after chemotherapy treatment SIOP protocol, as the gene expression patterns of ESC are like those of most cancer cells. We found that expression of ESC markers is heterogeneous, and depends on histological WT components. Interestingly, among ESC markers, HMGA2 was expressed significantly stronger in the blastemal component than in the stromal and the normal kidney. Moreover, two subsets of patients of WT blastemal type were identified, depending on the expression levels of HMGA2. High HMGA2 expression levels were significantly associated with a higher proliferation rate (p=0.0345) and worse patient prognosis (p=0.0289). The expression of HMGA2 was a stage-independent factor of clinical outcome in blastemal WT patients. Our multivariate analyses demonstrated the association between LIN28B-LET7A-HMGA2 expression, and the positive correlation between HMGA2 and SLUG expression (p=0.0358) in blastemal WT components. In addition, patients with a poor prognosis and high HMGA2 expression presented high levels of MDR3 (multidrug resistance transporter). Our findings suggest that HMGA2 plays a prominent role in the pathogenesis of a subset of blastemal WT, strongly associated with relapse and resistance to chemotherapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lourdes Hontecillas-Prieto
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Pathology Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, CIBERONC, Seville, Spain
| | - Daniel J García-Domínguez
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Pathology Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, CIBERONC, Seville, Spain
| | - Rosa García-Mejías
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Pathology Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, CIBERONC, Seville, Spain
| | - Gema L Ramírez-Villar
- Pediatric Oncology Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, Seville, Spain
| | - Carmen Sáez
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Pathology Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, CIBERONC, Seville, Spain
| | - Enrique de Álava
- Institute of Biomedicine of Seville (IBiS), Pathology Unit, Hospital Universitario Virgen del Rocío/CSIC/Universidad de Sevilla, CIBERONC, Seville, Spain
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19
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Singh AK, Sharma N, Ghosh M, Park YH, Jeong DK. Emerging importance of dietary phytochemicals in fight against cancer: Role in targeting cancer stem cells. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2017; 57:3449-3463. [DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2015.1129310] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Affiliation(s)
- Amit Kumar Singh
- Laboratory of Animal Genetic Engineering and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | - Neelesh Sharma
- Division of Veterinary Medicine, Faculty of Veterinary Science and Animal Husbandry, Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Sciences and Technology, R. S. Pura, Jammu, India
| | - Mrinmoy Ghosh
- Laboratory of Animal Genetic Engineering and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
| | | | - Dong Kee Jeong
- Laboratory of Animal Genetic Engineering and Stem Cell Biology, Department of Animal Biotechnology, Faculty of Biotechnology, Jeju National University, Jeju, Republic of Korea
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20
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Kolacsek O, Pergel E, Varga N, Apáti Á, Orbán TI. Ct shift: A novel and accurate real-time PCR quantification model for direct comparison of different nucleic acid sequences and its application for transposon quantifications. Gene 2017; 598:43-49. [DOI: 10.1016/j.gene.2016.10.035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/06/2016] [Revised: 10/20/2016] [Accepted: 10/24/2016] [Indexed: 10/20/2022]
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21
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In Vitro Characterization of Human Mesenchymal Stem Cells Isolated from Different Tissues with a Potential to Promote Complex Bone Regeneration. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:3595941. [PMID: 27999599 PMCID: PMC5143785 DOI: 10.1155/2016/3595941] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/08/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Bone tissue regeneration is a major, worldwide medical need, and several strategies have been developed to support the regeneration of extensive bone defects, including stem cell based bone grafts. In addition to the application of stem cells with high osteogenic potential, it is important to maintain proper blood flow in a bone graft to avoid inner graft necrosis. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) may form both osteocytes and endothelial cells; therefore we examined the combined in vitro osteogenic and endothelial differentiation capacities of MSCs derived from adipose tissue, Wharton's jelly, and periodontal ligament. Based on a detailed characterization presented here, MSCs isolated from adipose tissue and periodontal ligament may be most appropriate for generating vascularized bone grafts.
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22
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Sabnis NG, Miller A, Titus MA, Huss WJ. The Efflux Transporter ABCG2 Maintains Prostate Stem Cells. Mol Cancer Res 2016; 15:128-140. [PMID: 27856956 DOI: 10.1158/1541-7786.mcr-16-0270-t] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/11/2016] [Revised: 10/10/2016] [Accepted: 10/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/03/2023]
Abstract
Prostate stem cells (PSC) are characterized by their intrinsic resistance to androgen deprivation therapy (ADT), possibly due to the lack of androgen receptor (AR) expression. PSCs resistance to ADT and PSC expansion in castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) has sparked great interest in using differentiation therapy as an adjuvant to ADT. Understanding the mechanisms, by which PSCs maintain their undifferentiated phenotype, thus has important implications in differentiation therapy. In the prostate, the ATP binding cassette sub-family G member 2 (ABCG2) transporters, which enrich for AR-positive, ADT-resistant PSCs, play an important role in regulating the intracellular androgen levels by effluxing androgens. We hypothesized that the ABCG2-mediated androgen efflux is responsible for maintaining PSCs in an undifferentiated state. Using the HPr-1-AR (nontumorigenic) and CWR-R1 (tumorigenic) prostate cell lines, it was demonstrated that inhibiting the ABCG2-mediated androgen efflux, with Ko143 (ABCG2 inhibitor), increased the nuclear AR expression due to elevated intracellular androgen levels. Increased nuclear translocation of AR is followed by increased expression of AR regulated genes, a delayed cell growth response, and increased luminal differentiation. Furthermore, Ko143 reduced tumor growth rates in mice implanted with ABCG2-expressing CWR-R1 cells. In addition, Ko143-treated mice had more differentiated tumors as evidenced by an increased percentage of CK8+/AR+ luminal cells and decreased percentage of ABCG2-expressing cells. Thus, inhibiting ABCG2-mediated androgen efflux forces the PSCs to undergo an AR-modulated differentiation to an ADT-sensitive luminal phenotype. IMPLICATIONS This study identifies the mechanism by which the prostate stem cell marker, ABCG2, plays a role in prostate stem cell maintenance and provides a rationale for targeting ABCG2 for differentiation therapy in prostate cancer. Mol Cancer Res; 15(2); 128-40. ©2016 AACR.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2/antagonists & inhibitors
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2/metabolism
- Androgens/metabolism
- Animals
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Diketopiperazines/pharmacology
- Heterocyclic Compounds, 4 or More Rings/pharmacology
- Heterografts
- Humans
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Nude
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/drug effects
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/metabolism
- Neoplastic Stem Cells/pathology
- Prostatic Neoplasms/drug therapy
- Prostatic Neoplasms/genetics
- Prostatic Neoplasms/metabolism
- Prostatic Neoplasms/pathology
- Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant/drug therapy
- Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant/genetics
- Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant/metabolism
- Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant/pathology
- Receptors, Androgen/metabolism
- Testosterone/blood
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Affiliation(s)
- Neha G Sabnis
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Austin Miller
- Department of Bioinformatics & Biostatistics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
| | - Mark A Titus
- Department of Genitourinary Medical Oncology - Research, Division of Cancer Medicine, University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, Texas
| | - Wendy J Huss
- Department of Pharmacology & Therapeutics, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York.
- Department of Urologic Oncology, Roswell Park Cancer Institute, Buffalo, New York
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23
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Sándor S, Jordanidisz T, Schamberger A, Várady G, Erdei Z, Apáti Á, Sarkadi B, Orbán TI. Functional characterization of the ABCG2 5' non-coding exon variants: Stem cell specificity, translation efficiency and the influence of drug selection. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-GENE REGULATORY MECHANISMS 2016; 1859:943-51. [PMID: 27191194 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2016.05.007] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2016] [Revised: 04/26/2016] [Accepted: 05/13/2016] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
ABCG2 is a multidrug transporter with wide substrate specificity, and is believed to protect several cell types from various xenobiotics and endobiotics. This "guardian" function is important in numerous cell types and tissue barriers but becomes disadvantageous by being responsible for the multidrug resistance phenotype in certain tumor cells. ABCG2 regulation at the protein level has already been extensively studied, however, regulation at the mRNA level, especially the functional role of the various 5' untranslated exon variants (5' UTRs) has been elusive. In the present work, we describe a comprehensive characterization of four ABCG2 mRNA variants with different exon 1 sequences, investigate drug inducibility, stem cell specificity, mRNA stability, and translation efficiency. Although certain variants (E1B and E1C) are considered as "constitutive" mRNA isoforms, we show that chemotoxic drugs significantly alter the expression pattern of distinct ABCG2 mRNA isoforms. When examining human embryonic stem cell lines, we provide evidence that variant E1A has an expression pattern coupled to undifferentiated stem cell stage, as its transcript level is regulated parallel to mRNAs of Oct4 and Nanog pluripotency marker genes. When characterizing the four exon 1 variants we found no significant differences in terms of mRNA stabilities and half-lives of the isoforms. In contrast, variant E1U showed markedly lower translation efficiency both at the total protein level or regarding the functional presence in the plasma membrane. Taken together, these results indicate that the different 5' UTR variants play an important role in cell type specific regulation and fine tuning of ABCG2 expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Sára Sándor
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Theodora Jordanidisz
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Anita Schamberger
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - György Várady
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Zsuzsa Erdei
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ágota Apáti
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Balázs Sarkadi
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary; Department of Biophysics and Radiation Biology, Semmelweis University, MTA-SE Molecular Biophysics Research Group, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Tamás I Orbán
- Institute of Enzymology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary.
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24
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Kallas-Kivi A, Trei A, Maimets T. Lovastatin Decreases the Expression of CD133 and Influences the Differentiation Potential of Human Embryonic Stem Cells. Stem Cells Int 2016; 2016:1580701. [PMID: 27247576 PMCID: PMC4877483 DOI: 10.1155/2016/1580701] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/08/2016] [Accepted: 04/18/2016] [Indexed: 12/19/2022] Open
Abstract
The lipophilic statin lovastatin decreases cholesterol synthesis and is a safe and effective treatment for the prevention of cardiovascular diseases. Growing evidence points at antitumor potential of lovastatin. Therefore, understanding the molecular mechanism of lovastatin function in different cell types is critical to effective therapy design. In this study, we investigated the effects of lovastatin on the differentiation potential of human embryonic stem (hES) cells (H9 cell line). Multiparameter flow cytometric assay was used to detect changes in the expression of transcription factors characteristic of hES cells. We found that lovastatin treatment delayed NANOG downregulation during ectodermal and endodermal differentiation. Likewise, expression of ectodermal (SOX1 and OTX2) and endodermal (GATA4 and FOXA2) markers was higher in treated cells. Exposure of hES cells to lovastatin led to a minor decrease in the expression of SSEA-3 and a significant reduction in CD133 expression. Treated cells also formed fewer embryoid bodies than control cells. By analyzing hES with and without CD133, we discovered that CD133 expression is required for proper formation of embryoid bodies. In conclusion, lovastatin reduced the heterogeneity of hES cells and impaired their differentiation potential.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ade Kallas-Kivi
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Riia 23, 51010 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Annika Trei
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Riia 23, 51010 Tartu, Estonia
| | - Toivo Maimets
- Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology, University of Tartu, Riia 23, 51010 Tartu, Estonia
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25
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Péntek A, Pászty K, Apáti Á. Analysis of Intracellular Calcium Signaling in Human Embryonic Stem Cells. Methods Mol Biol 2016; 1307:141-147. [PMID: 24482125 DOI: 10.1007/7651_2014_68] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/03/2023]
Abstract
Measurement of changes in intracellular calcium concentration is one of the most common and useful tools for studying signal transduction pathways or cellular responses in basic research and drug screening purposes as well. Increasing number of such applications using human pluripotent stem cells and their derivatives requires development of calcium signal measurements for this special cell type. Here we describe a modified protocol for analysis of calcium signaling events in human embryonic stem cells, which can be used for other pluripotent cell types (such as iPSC) or their differentiated offspring as well.
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Affiliation(s)
- Adrienn Péntek
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Diószegi 64, 1113, Budapest, Hungary
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Apáti Á, Szebényi K, Erdei Z, Várady G, Orbán TI, Sarkadi B. The importance of drug transporters in human pluripotent stem cells and in early tissue differentiation. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol 2015; 12:77-92. [DOI: 10.1517/17425255.2016.1121382] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022]
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Sidney LE, Branch MJ, Dua HS, Hopkinson A. Effect of culture medium on propagation and phenotype of corneal stroma-derived stem cells. Cytotherapy 2015; 17:1706-22. [PMID: 26454751 DOI: 10.1016/j.jcyt.2015.08.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2015] [Revised: 08/06/2015] [Accepted: 08/19/2015] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND AIMS The limbal area of the corneal stroma has been identified as a source of mesenchymal-like stem cells, which have potential for exploitation as a cell therapy. However, the optimal culture conditions are disputed and few direct media comparisons have been performed. In this report, we evaluated several media types to identify the optimal for inducing an in vitro stem cell phenotype. METHODS Primary human corneal stroma-derived stem cells (CSSCs) were extracted from corneoscleral rims. Culture in seven different media types was compared: Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM) with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS); M199 with 20% FBS; DMEM-F12 with 20% serum replacement, basic fibroblast growth factor and leukemia inhibitory factor (SCM); endothelial growth medium (EGM); semi-solid MethoCult; serum-free keratinocyte medium (K-SFM); and StemPro-34. Effects on proliferation, morphology, protein and messenger RNA expression were evaluated. RESULTS All media supported proliferation of CSSCs with the exception of K-SFM and StemPro-34. Morphology differed between media: DMEM produced large cells, whereas EGM produced very small cells. Culture in M199 produced a typical mesenchymal stromal cell phenotype with high expression of CD105, CD90 and CD73 but not CD34. Culture in SCM produced a phenotype more reminiscent of a progenitor cell type with expression of CD34, ABCG2, SSEA-4 and PAX6. CONCLUSIONS Culture medium can significantly influence CSSC phenotype. SCM produced a cell phenotype closest to that of a pluripotent stem cell, and we consider it to be the most appropriate for development as a clinical-grade medium for the production of CSSC phenotypes suitable for cell therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura E Sidney
- Academic Ophthalmology, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Queen's Medical Centre Campus, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom.
| | - Matthew J Branch
- Academic Ophthalmology, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Queen's Medical Centre Campus, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Harminder S Dua
- Academic Ophthalmology, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Queen's Medical Centre Campus, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
| | - Andrew Hopkinson
- Academic Ophthalmology, Division of Clinical Neuroscience, Queen's Medical Centre Campus, University of Nottingham, Nottingham, United Kingdom
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Szepesi Á, Matula Z, Szigeti A, Várady G, Szabó G, Uher F, Sarkadi B, Német K. ABCG2 is a selectable marker for enhanced multilineage differentiation potential in periodontal ligament stem cells. Stem Cells Dev 2015; 24:244-52. [PMID: 25101689 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2014.0177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Periodontal ligament stem cells (PDLSCs) provide an important source for tissue regeneration and may become especially useful in the formation of osteogenic seeds. PDLSCs can be cultured, expanded, and differentiated in vitro; thus, they may be applied in the long-term treatment of the defects in the dental regions. Here we studied numerous potential markers allowing the selection of human PDLSCs with a maximum differentiation potential. We followed the expression of the ATP-binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (ABCG2) membrane transporter protein and isolated ABCG2-expressing cells by using a monoclonal antibody, recognizing the transporter at the cell surface in intact cells. The expression of the ABCG2 protein, corresponding to the so-called side-population phenotype in various tissue-derived stem cells, was found to be a useful marker for the selection of PDLSCs with enhanced osteogenic, chondrogenic, and adipogenic differentiation. These findings may have important applications in achieving efficient dental tissue regeneration by using stem cells from extracted teeth.
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Affiliation(s)
- Áron Szepesi
- 1 Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences , Budapest, Hungary
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29
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Bacskai I, Mázló A, Kis-Tóth K, Szabó A, Panyi G, Sarkadi B, Apáti Á, Rajnavölgyi É. Mesenchymal Stromal Cell-Like Cells Set the Balance of Stimulatory and Inhibitory Signals in Monocyte-Derived Dendritic Cells. Stem Cells Dev 2015; 24:1805-16. [PMID: 25808140 DOI: 10.1089/scd.2014.0509] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The major reservoir of human multipotent mesenchymal stem/stromal cells (MSCs) is the bone marrow (BM) with the capability to control hematopoietic stem cell development. The regenerative potential of MSCs is associated with enhanced endogenous repair and healing mechanisms that modulate inflammatory responses. Our previous results revealed that MSC-like (MSCl) cells derived from pluripotent human embryonic stem cells resemble BM-derived MSCs in morphology, phenotype, and differentiating potential. In this study, we investigated the effects of MSCl cells on the phenotype and functions of dendritic cells (DCs). To assess how antiviral immune responses could be regulated by intracellular pattern recognition receptors of DCs in the presence of MSCl cells, we activated DCs with the specific ligands of retinoic acid-inducible gene-I (RIG-I) helicases and found that activated DCs cocultured with MSCl cells exhibited reduced expression of CD1a and CD83 cell surface molecules serving as phenotypic indicators of DC differentiation and activation, respectively. However, RIG-I-mediated stimulation of DCs through specific ligands in the presence of MSCl cells resulted in significantly higher expression of the costimulatory molecules, CD80 and CD86, than in the presence of BM-MSCs. In line with these results, the concentration of IL-6, IL-10, and CXCL8 was increased in the supernatant of the DC-MSCl cocultures, while the secretion of TNF-α, CXCL10, IL-12, and IFNγ was reduced. Furthermore, the concerted action of mechanisms involved in the regulation of DC migration resulted in the blockade of cell migration, indicating altered DC functionality mediated by MSCl cell-derived signals and mechanisms resulting in a suppressive microenvironment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ildikó Bacskai
- 1 Department of Immunology, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen , Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Anett Mázló
- 1 Department of Immunology, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen , Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Katalin Kis-Tóth
- 2 Department of Rheumatology, Beth Israel Deaconess Medical Center , Boston, Massachusetts
| | - Attila Szabó
- 1 Department of Immunology, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen , Debrecen, Hungary
| | - György Panyi
- 3 Department of Biophysics and Cell Biology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Debrecen , Debrecen, Hungary
| | - Balázs Sarkadi
- 4 Institute of Enzymology , Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Ágota Apáti
- 4 Institute of Enzymology , Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
| | - Éva Rajnavölgyi
- 1 Department of Immunology, Medical and Health Science Center, University of Debrecen , Debrecen, Hungary
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Kolacsek O, Erdei Z, Apáti A, Sándor S, Izsvák Z, Ivics Z, Sarkadi B, Orbán TI. Excision efficiency is not strongly coupled to transgenic rate: cell type-dependent transposition efficiency of sleeping beauty and piggyBac DNA transposons. Hum Gene Ther Methods 2015; 25:241-52. [PMID: 25045962 DOI: 10.1089/hgtb.2013.149] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/30/2022] Open
Abstract
The Sleeping Beauty (SB) and piggyBac (PB) DNA transposons represent an emerging new gene delivery technology, potentially suitable for human gene therapy applications. Previous studies pointed to important differences between these transposon systems, depending on the cell types examined and the methodologies applied. However, efficiencies cannot always be compared because of differences in applications. In addition, "overproduction inhibition," a phenomenon believed to be a characteristic of DNA transposons, can remarkably reduce the overall transgenic rate, emphasizing the importance of transposase dose applied. Therefore, because of lack of comprehensive analysis, researchers are forced to optimize the technology for their own "in-house" platforms. In this study, we investigated the transposition of several SB (SB11, SB32, SB100X) and PB (mPB and hyPB) variants in various cell types at three levels: comparing the excision efficiency of the reaction by real-time PCR, testing the overall transgenic rate by detecting cells with stable integrations, and determining the average copy number when using different transposon systems and conditions. We concluded that high excision activity is not always followed by a higher transgenic rate, as exemplified by the hyperactive transposases, indicating that the excision and the integration steps of transposition are not strongly coupled as previously thought. In general, all levels of transposition show remarkable differences depending on the transposase used and cell lines examined, being the least efficient in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). In spite of the comparably low activity in those special cell types, the hyperactive SB100X and hyPB systems could be used in hESCs with similar transgenic efficiency and with reasonably low (2-3) transgene copy numbers, indicating their potential applicability for gene therapy purposes in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Orsolya Kolacsek
- 1 Institute of Enzymology, Research Center for Natural Sciences , Hungarian Academy of Sciences, 1117 Budapest, Hungary
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Expression of Tight Junction Components in Hepatocyte-Like Cells Differentiated from Human Embryonic Stem Cells. Pathol Oncol Res 2015; 21:1059-70. [PMID: 25845432 DOI: 10.1007/s12253-015-9936-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/05/2014] [Accepted: 03/18/2015] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Human embryonic stem cells can be differentiated in vitro into a wide variety of progeny cells by addition of different morphogens and growth factors. Our aim was to monitor the expression pattern of tight junction (TJ) components and various cellular markers during differentiation of stem cell lines toward the hepatic lineage. Human embryonic stem cell lines (HUES1, HUES9) were differentiated into endoderm-like cells, and further differentiated to hepatocyte-like cells. Gene expressions of Oct3/4, Nanog, alpha-fetoprotein, albumin, cytokeratins (CK-7, CK-8, CK-18, CK-19), ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters (ABCC2, ABCC7, ABCG2), and various TJ components, including claudin-1, claudin-4, claudin-5, claudin-7, and tricellulin, as well as an extracellular matrix component, agrin were monitored during hepatic differentiation by real-time quantitative PCR. The differentiated cells exhibit epithelial morphology and functional assessments similar to that of hepatocytes. The expression level of stem cell marker genes (Oct3/4 and Nanog) significantly and gradually decreased, while liver-associated genes (alpha-fetoprotein, albumin) reached their highest expression at the end of the differentiation. The endoderm-like cells expressed claudin-1, which declined eventually. The expression levels of cholangiocyte markers including claudin-4, CK-7, CK-19, and agrin gradually increased and reached their highest level at the final stage of differentiation. In contrast, these cells did not express notable level of claudin-7, CK-8 and tricellulin. The marker set used for monitoring differentiation revealed both hepatocyte and cholangiocyte characteristics of the differentiated cells at the final stage. This is the first report describing the expression level changes of various TJ components, and underlining their importance in hepatic differentiation.
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32
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Zhao M, Zhang Y, Zhang H, Wang S, Zhang M, Chen X, Wang H, Zeng G, Chen X, Liu G, Zhou C. Hypoxia-induced cell stemness leads to drug resistance and poor prognosis in lung adenocarcinoma. Lung Cancer 2014; 87:98-106. [PMID: 25512094 DOI: 10.1016/j.lungcan.2014.11.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/10/2014] [Revised: 10/25/2014] [Accepted: 11/26/2014] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Since cancer stem cells exhibit embryonic-like self-renewal characteristics and malignant behavior, including drug resistance and metastasis, they may be the origin of tumorigenesis and cancer recurrence. Cancer cell stemness is also highly relevant to cancer in hypoxic environments. METHODS In our study, we used cobalt dichloride (CoCl2) to create a hypoxic environment for lung adenocarcinoma A549 cells and the cisplatine-resistant cell line A549/DDP. The cancer stem-like CD166 positive population and the cells' stemness were detected by flowcytometry and quantitative real-time PCR after separation using magnetic antibodies. Drug resistance to cisplatine, docetaxel and pemetrexed was also measured. Finally, a tissue array was used to analyze the relationship between hypoxia-induced stemness and overall survival after radical surgery. RESULTS Data showed that chemical-induced hypoxia changed cell stemness by enhancing stem cell transcription factors and markers of chemotherapeutic drug resistance. The CD166-positive cancer stem cell-like population showed greater drug resistance than the CD166-negative cells. Tissue array studies also suggested a poorer prognosis for patients whose tissue expressed higher CD166 levels. CONCLUSION Our findings indicate that chemical hypoxia may augment cancer cell stemness and drug resistance in CD166-positive stem cells. Therefore, targeting the stem-like cell population, especially CD166-positive cells, may represent a novel therapeutic strategy to treat lung cancer.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mingchuan Zhao
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Yishi Zhang
- Department of Oncology, Fuda Hospital, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Huijun Zhang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Huashan Hospital, School of Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Shaohua Wang
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Huashan Hospital, School of Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China
| | - Mengmeng Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics, Shanghai Institute of Hematology, Ruijin Hospital, School of Medicine, Shanghai Jiaotong University, Shanghai, China
| | - Xi Chen
- Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Heyong Wang
- Central Laboratory, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
| | - Gang Zeng
- Department of Urology, David Geffen School of Medicine at UCLA, Los Angeles, CA, USA
| | - Xiaofeng Chen
- Department of Thoracic Surgery, Huashan Hospital, School of Medicine, Fudan University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Gentao Liu
- Center for Translational Medicine, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China.
| | - Caicun Zhou
- Department of Oncology, Shanghai Pulmonary Hospital, School of Medicine, Tongji University, Shanghai, China
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Using Pluripotent Stem Cells and Their Progeny as an In VitroModel to Assess (Developmental) Neurotoxicity. METHODS AND PRINCIPLES IN MEDICINAL CHEMISTRY 2014. [DOI: 10.1002/9783527674183.ch13] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/17/2022]
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Yang D, Wang H, Zhang J, Li C, Lu Z, Liu J, Lin C, Li G, Qian H. In vitro characterization of stem cell-like properties of drug-resistant colon cancer subline. Oncol Res 2014; 21:51-7. [PMID: 24330852 DOI: 10.3727/096504013x13793555706768] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The objective of this study was to investigate the stem cell-like properties of drug-resistant colon cancer cells. Oxaliplatin was used to induce the drug-resistant subline of HCT116(p53+/+) cell line. The stem cell-like characteristics of the drug-resistant subline were assayed for the proliferation capacity, cell cycle, adhesion, invasion, multiple drug resistance, and clone sphere formation capacity. The expression of ABCG2 (ATP-binding cassette superfamily G member 2) and "stemness" indicators SOX2 (SRY-related HMG box-containing transcription factor-2) and OCT4 (octamer-binding transcription factor 4) was determined by Western blot. We established the HCT116(p53+/+)-oxaliplatin subline (HCT116(p53+/+)OXA), which was resistant to oxaliplatin with a resistance index (RI) of 3.03 ± 0.14. The HCT116(p53+/+)OXA was also resistant to Taxol, showing lower proliferation, higher adhesion and invasion ability, greater proportion of G0/G1 phase, and higher sphere-forming capacity than its parental cells. SOX2, OCT4, and ABCG2 were expressed at higher levels in drug-resistant cells than in their parental cells. We verified that the HCT116(p53+/+)OXA was enriched with cancer stem cell properties and provided an ideal cell model for drug-resistance study.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dong Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Molecular Oncology, Cancer Institute/Hospital, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences & Peking Union Medical College, Beijing, China
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Wang XK, He JH, Xu JH, Ye S, Wang F, Zhang H, Huang ZC, To KKW, Fu LW. Afatinib enhances the efficacy of conventional chemotherapeutic agents by eradicating cancer stem-like cells. Cancer Res 2014; 74:4431-45. [PMID: 24972892 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-13-3553] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/16/2022]
Abstract
Cancer stem cells (CSC) have garnered significant attention as a therapeutic focus, based on evidence that they may represent an etiologic root of treatment-resistant cells. Indeed, expression of the multidrug resistance protein ATP-binding cassette subfamily G member 2 (ABCG2) confers chemoresistance to CSCs, where it serves as a potential biomarker and therapeutic target. Here, we show that afatinib, a small-molecule inhibitor of the tyrosine kinases EGFR, HER2, and HER4, preferentially eliminated side population cells with CSC character, in both cell lines and patient-derived leukemia cells, by decreasing ABCG2 expression. In these cells, afatinib also acted in parallel to suppress self-renewal capacity and tumorigenicity. Combining afatinib with the DNA-damaging drug topotecan enhanced the antitumor effect of topotecan in vitro and in vivo. Mechanistic investigations suggested that ABCG2 suppression by afatinib did not proceed by proteolysis through the ubiquitin-dependent proteosome, lysosome, or calpain. Instead, we found that afatinib increased DNA methyltransferase activity, thereby leading to methylation of the ABCG2 promoter and to a decrease in ABCG2 message level. Taken together, our results advocate the use of afatinib in combination with conventional chemotherapeutic drugs to improve efficacy by improving CSC eradication.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-kun Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Cancer Center, Guangzhou Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jie-hua He
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Cancer Center, Guangzhou Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Jing-hong Xu
- First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Sheng Ye
- First Affiliated Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Fang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Cancer Center, Guangzhou Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Hui Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Cancer Center, Guangzhou Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Zhen-cong Huang
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Cancer Center, Guangzhou Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China
| | - Kenneth Kin Wah To
- School of Pharmacy, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, PR China
| | - Li-wu Fu
- State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China, Cancer Center, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China. Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer Medicine, Cancer Center, Guangzhou Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, China.
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Erdei Z, Lőrincz R, Szebényi K, Péntek A, Varga N, Likó I, Várady G, Szakács G, Orbán TI, Sarkadi B, Apáti A. Expression pattern of the human ABC transporters in pluripotent embryonic stem cells and in their derivatives. CYTOMETRY PART B-CLINICAL CYTOMETRY 2014; 86:299-310. [PMID: 24729538 DOI: 10.1002/cyto.b.21168] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/02/2013] [Revised: 01/27/2014] [Accepted: 02/10/2014] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters have key roles in various physiological functions as well as providing chemical defense and stress tolerance in human tissues. In this study, we have examined the expression pattern of all ABC proteins in pluripotent human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) and in their differentiated progenies. We paid special attention to the cellular expression and localization of multidrug transporter ABC proteins. METHODS Stem cell differentiation was carried out without chemical induction or cell sorting, and specialized cell types were separated mechanically. Cellular features regarding pluripotency and tissue identity, as well as ABC transporter expression were studied by flow cytomtery, immuno-microscopy, and qPCR-based low-density arrays. RESULTS Pluripotent hESCs and differentiated cell types (cardiomyocytes, neuronal cells, and mesenchymal stem cells) were distinguished by morphology, immunostaining markers, and selected mRNA expression patterns. We found that the mRNA expression levels of the 48 human ABC proteins also clearly distinguished the pluripotent and the respective differentiated cell types. When multidrug and lipid transporter ABC protein expression was examined by using well characterized specific antibodies by flow cytometry and confocal microscopy, the protein expression data corresponded well to the mRNA expression results. Moreover, the cellular localization of these important human ABC transporter proteins could be established in the pluripotent and differentiated hESC derived samples. CONCLUSIONS These studies provide valuable information regarding ABC protein expression in human stem cells and their differentiated offspring. The results may also help to obtain further information concerning the specialized cellular functions of selected ABC transporters.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsa Erdei
- Institute of Molecular Pharmacology, Research Centre for Natural Sciences, Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Budapest, Hungary
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Hirata N, Nakagawa M, Fujibayashi Y, Yamauchi K, Murata A, Minami I, Tomioka M, Kondo T, Kuo TF, Endo H, Inoue H, Sato SI, Ando S, Kawazoe Y, Aiba K, Nagata K, Kawase E, Chang YT, Suemori H, Eto K, Nakauchi H, Yamanaka S, Nakatsuji N, Ueda K, Uesugi M. A chemical probe that labels human pluripotent stem cells. Cell Rep 2014; 6:1165-1174. [PMID: 24613351 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2014.02.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2012] [Revised: 01/14/2014] [Accepted: 02/04/2014] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
A small-molecule fluorescent probe specific for human pluripotent stem cells would serve as a useful tool for basic cell biology research and stem cell therapy. Screening of fluorescent chemical libraries with human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) and subsequent evaluation of hit molecules identified a fluorescent compound (Kyoto probe 1 [KP-1]) that selectively labels human pluripotent stem cells. Our analyses indicated that the selectivity results primarily from a distinct expression pattern of ABC transporters in human pluripotent stem cells and from the transporter selectivity of KP-1. Expression of ABCB1 (MDR1) and ABCG2 (BCRP), both of which cause the efflux of KP-1, is repressed in human pluripotent stem cells. Although KP-1, like other pluripotent markers, is not absolutely specific for pluripotent stem cells, the identified chemical probe may be used in conjunction with other reagents.
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Affiliation(s)
- Nao Hirata
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Masato Nakagawa
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Yuto Fujibayashi
- Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan
| | - Kaori Yamauchi
- Stem Cell Research Center, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Asako Murata
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Itsunari Minami
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Maiko Tomioka
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Takayuki Kondo
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Ting-Fang Kuo
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Endo
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan; Laboratory of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Haruhisa Inoue
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Shin-Ichi Sato
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Shin Ando
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Yoshinori Kawazoe
- Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Aiba
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Koh Nagata
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan
| | - Eihachiro Kawase
- Stem Cell Research Center, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Young-Tae Chang
- Department of Chemistry & MedChem Program of Life Sciences Institute, National University of Singapore, Singapore 117543, Singapore; Laboratory of Bioimaging Probe Development, Singapore Bioimaging Consortium, Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A(∗)STAR), Singapore 138667, Singapore
| | - Hirofumi Suemori
- Stem Cell Research Center, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Koji Eto
- Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Hiromitsu Nakauchi
- Laboratory of Stem Cell Therapy, Center for Experimental Medicine, Institute of Medical Science, University of Tokyo, Tokyo 108-8639, Japan
| | - Shinya Yamanaka
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Center for iPS Cell Research and Application, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan
| | - Norio Nakatsuji
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Stem Cell Research Center, Institute for Frontier Medical Sciences, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8507, Japan.
| | - Kazumitsu Ueda
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Division of Applied Life Sciences, Graduate School of Agriculture, Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8502, Japan.
| | - Motonari Uesugi
- Institute for Integrated Cell-Material Sciences (WPI-iCeMS), Kyoto University, Kyoto 606-8501, Japan; Institute for Chemical Research, Kyoto University, Uji, Kyoto 611-0011, Japan.
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Padmanabhan R, Chen KG, Gottesman MM. Lost in Translation: Regulation of ABCG2 Expression in Human Embryonic Stem Cells. ACTA ACUST UNITED AC 2014; 4. [PMID: 25405071 DOI: 10.4172/2157-7633.1000180] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/09/2022]
Abstract
The expression and function of the ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporter ABCG2 have been studied for two decades in both adult and cancer stem cells. However, this important ABC transporter has not been well characterized in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs). Studies designed to understand the role of ABCG2 in hESCs are still in their initial stages. Several recent reports on expression patterns of the ABCG2 gene in hESCs contain contradictory results at both the mRNA and protein levels. In this review, we provide possible explanations for these discrepancies in ABCG2 expression patterns. We discuss micro-RNA-mediated regulatory roles in controlling ABCG2 mRNA stability and translation, which are associated with hESC pluripotency and differentiation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raji Padmanabhan
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Kevin G Chen
- NIH Stem Cell Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
| | - Michael M Gottesman
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892
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To KKW. MicroRNA: a prognostic biomarker and a possible druggable target for circumventing multidrug resistance in cancer chemotherapy. J Biomed Sci 2013; 20:99. [PMID: 24358977 PMCID: PMC3878201 DOI: 10.1186/1423-0127-20-99] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/15/2013] [Accepted: 12/16/2013] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
Multidrug resistance (MDR) is a major obstacle to successful cancer treatment. It is often associated with an increased efflux of a variety of structurally unrelated anticancer drugs by ATP-binding cassette (ABC) transporters including P-gp, ABCG2 and MRP1. MicroRNAs (miRNAs) are small non-coding RNAs that govern posttranscriptional regulation of target genes by interacting with specific sequences in their 3′ untranslated region (3′UTR), thereby promoting mRNA degradation or suppressing translation. Accumulating evidence suggests that alterations in miRNAs contribute to resistance to anticancer drugs. While miRNAs are well-known to be dysregulated in cancer, recent literature revealed that miRNA levels in biological samples may be correlated with chemotherapy response. This review summarized the coordinated network by which miRNA regulated MDR transporters. The usefulness of miRNAs as prognostic biomarkers for predicting chemotherapeutic outcome is discussed. MiRNAs may also represent druggable targets for circumvention of MDR.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kenneth K W To
- School of Pharmacy, Room 801 N, Lo Kwee-Seong Integrated Biomedical Sciences Building, Faculty of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong, Area 39, Shatin, New Territories, Hong Kong SAR, China.
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40
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Haslam IS, Pitre A, Schuetz JD, Paus R. Protection against chemotherapy-induced alopecia: targeting ATP-binding cassette transporters in the hair follicle? Trends Pharmacol Sci 2013; 34:599-604. [DOI: 10.1016/j.tips.2013.09.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/28/2013] [Revised: 09/02/2013] [Accepted: 09/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
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41
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Sukowati CHC, Anfuso B, Torre G, Francalanci P, Crocè LS, Tiribelli C. The expression of CD90/Thy-1 in hepatocellular carcinoma: an in vivo and in vitro study. PLoS One 2013; 8:e76830. [PMID: 24116172 PMCID: PMC3792890 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0076830] [Citation(s) in RCA: 66] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/27/2012] [Accepted: 09/05/2013] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Although the CD90 (Thy-1) was proposed as biomarker of several tumors and cancer stem cells, the involvement of this molecule in the progression of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and other less frequent hepatic neoplasms is still undefined. The distribution of CD90 was investigated both in in vivo (human tissues samples) and in vitro (human HCC cell line JHH-6). A total of 67 liver tumors were analyzed: 51 HCC, 6 cholangiocarcinoma and 10 hepatoblastoma. In all cases, paired tissue sample of both the tumor and cirrhotic liver was available. Hepatic tissue obtained in 12 healthy livers was used as control. CD90 gene expression was studied by RT-qPCR, protein expression was assessed by quantitative Western Blot, immunofluorescence and flow cytometry. The CD90 expression analysis showed a significant increment in tumor compared to both its paired cirrhotic tissue and normal liver (p<0.05 and p<0.001, respectively). This increase was accompanied by the up-regulation of stromal component in the cancer, as demonstrated by alpha smooth muscle actin staining. In vitro analysis of JHH-6 cell line showed a higher proliferation capacity of CD90+ compared to CD90- cells (p<0.001), also noticed in 3D clonogenic assay (p<0.05), associated by a significant higher expression of the promoting factors (hepatocyte growth factor, fibroblast associated protein and alpha smooth muscle actin 2). A higher expression of the breast cancer resistance protein was found in CD90+ subpopulation while the multidrug resistance protein 1 showed an opposite behavior. Collectively, these results point to the importance of CD90 in the HCC.
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MESH Headings
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/genetics
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily B, Member 1/metabolism
- ATP Binding Cassette Transporter, Subfamily G, Member 2
- ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/genetics
- ATP-Binding Cassette Transporters/metabolism
- Actins/genetics
- Actins/metabolism
- Animals
- Antibiotics, Antineoplastic/pharmacology
- Blotting, Western
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/genetics
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/metabolism
- Carcinoma, Hepatocellular/pathology
- Cell Line, Tumor
- Cell Survival/drug effects
- Cell Survival/genetics
- Dose-Response Relationship, Drug
- Doxorubicin/pharmacology
- Drug Resistance, Neoplasm/genetics
- Female
- Gene Expression Regulation, Neoplastic
- Humans
- Liver Neoplasms/genetics
- Liver Neoplasms/metabolism
- Liver Neoplasms/pathology
- Male
- Mice
- Mice, Nude
- Mice, SCID
- Microscopy, Fluorescence
- Neoplasm Proteins/genetics
- Neoplasm Proteins/metabolism
- Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction
- Thy-1 Antigens/genetics
- Thy-1 Antigens/metabolism
- Transplantation, Heterologous
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Affiliation(s)
- Caecilia Hapsari Ceriapuri Sukowati
- Centro Studi Fegato, Fondazione Italiana Fegato, Trieste, Italy
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
- * E-mail:
| | - Beatrice Anfuso
- Centro Studi Fegato, Fondazione Italiana Fegato, Trieste, Italy
| | - Giuliano Torre
- Hepatology Unit, Gastroenterology and Nutrition, Department of Surgery and Transplantation, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | - Paola Francalanci
- Department of Laboratories, Ospedale Pediatrico Bambino Gesù, Rome, Italy
| | - Lory Saveria Crocè
- Centro Studi Fegato, Fondazione Italiana Fegato, Trieste, Italy
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
| | - Claudio Tiribelli
- Centro Studi Fegato, Fondazione Italiana Fegato, Trieste, Italy
- Department of Medical Sciences, University of Trieste, Trieste, Italy
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Characterization of calcium signals in human embryonic stem cells and in their differentiated offspring by a stably integrated calcium indicator protein. Cell Signal 2013; 25:752-9. [PMID: 23305950 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2012.12.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/21/2012] [Revised: 12/15/2012] [Accepted: 12/28/2012] [Indexed: 11/23/2022]
Abstract
Intracellular calcium signaling pathways play a major role in cellular responses such as proliferation, differentiation and apoptosis. Human embryonic stem cells (hESC) provide new possibilities to explore the development and differentiation of various cell types of the human body. Intracellular calcium responses to various ligands and the calcium signaling pathways, however, have not been thoroughly studied in embryonic stem cells and in their differentiated progenies. In our previous work we demonstrated that the use of the fluorescent calcium indicator Fluo-4 with confocal microscopy allows sensitive and reliable measurements of calcium modulation in human embryonic stem cells and stem-cell derived cardiomyocytes. Here we developed a human embryonic stem cell line stably expressing a genetically encoded Ca(2+) indicator (GCaMP2) using a transposon-based gene delivery system. We found that the differentiation properties were fully preserved in the GCaMP2-expressing hESC lines and Ca imaging could be performed without the need of toxic dye-loading of the cells. In undifferentiated hES cells the calcium signals induced by various ligands, ATP, LPA, trypsin or angiotensin II were comparable to those in Fluo-4 loaded cells. In accordance with previous findings, no calcium signal was evoked by thrombin, histamine or GABA. Cardiomyocyte colonies differentiated from hES-GCaMP2 cells could be recognized by spontaneous contractions and Ca(2+) oscillations. GCaMP2-expressing neural cells were identified based on their morphological and immuno-staining properties and Ca signals were characterized on those cells. Characteristics of both the spontaneous and ligand-induced Ca(2+) signals, as well as their pharmacological modification could be successfully examined in these model cells by fluorescence imaging.
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43
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Gene and functional up-regulation of the BCRP/ABCG2 transporter in hepatocellular carcinoma. BMC Gastroenterol 2012; 12:160. [PMID: 23153066 PMCID: PMC3538657 DOI: 10.1186/1471-230x-12-160] [Citation(s) in RCA: 44] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/23/2012] [Accepted: 11/01/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
Background The Breast Cancer Resistance Protein (BCRP/ABCG2) is one member of ABC transporters proteins super family responsible of drug resistance. Since data on ABCG2 expression in liver malignances are scanty, here we report the expression of ABCG2 in adult human hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in both in vivo and in vitro models with different degree of malignancy. Methods In cell lines derived from human hepatocellular carcinoma, ABCG2 gene expression was assessed by reverse transcription quantitative real time PCR and function by Hoechst 33342 efflux assay; protein content was assessed by SDS-PAGE Western blot. Results ABCG2 expression was found to be highest in the most undifferentiated cell lines, and this was related with a higher functional activity. ABCG2 expression was sensitive to antineoplastic drugs since exposure to 5 μM doxorubicin for 24 hours resulted in significant up-regulations of ABCG2 in all cell lines, particularly in those lines with low basal ABCG2 expression (p<0.01). The gene expression was also investigated in 51 adult liver tissues with HCC and related cirrhosis; normal liver tissue was used as control. ABCG2 gene expression was higher in HCC than both cirrhotic paired tissue and normal tissue. This up-regulation was greater (p<0.05) in pathological poorly differentiated grade G3/G4 than in well-differentiated G1/G2 HCC. Conclusions Our results suggest a correlation of ABCG2 gene expression and differentiation stage both in human and HCC derived cell lines. The rapid up-regulation of ABCG2 to exposure to doxorubicin emphasizes the importance of this transporter in accounting for drug resistance in liver tumors.
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Padmanabhan R, Chen KG, Gillet JP, Handley M, Mallon BS, Hamilton RS, Park K, Varma S, Mehaffey MG, Robey PG, McKay RD, Gottesman MM. Regulation and expression of the ATP-binding cassette transporter ABCG2 in human embryonic stem cells. Stem Cells 2012; 30:2175-87. [PMID: 22887864 PMCID: PMC3480739 DOI: 10.1002/stem.1195] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/30/2023]
Abstract
The expression and function of several multidrug transporters (including ABCB1 and ABCG2) have been studied in human cancer cells and in mouse and human adult stem cells. However, the expression of ABCG2 in human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) remains unclear. Limited and contradictory results in the literature from two research groups have raised questions regarding its expression and function. In this study, we used quantitative real-time PCR, Northern blots, whole genome RNA sequencing, Western blots, and immunofluorescence microscopy to study ABCG2 expression in hESCs. We found that full-length ABCG2 mRNA transcripts are expressed in undifferentiated hESC lines. However, ABCG2 protein was undetectable even under embryoid body differentiation or cytotoxic drug induction. Moreover, surface ABCG2 protein was coexpressed with the differentiation marker stage-specific embryonic antigen-1 of hESCs, following constant BMP-4 signaling at days 4 and 6. This expression was tightly correlated with the downregulation of two microRNAs (miRNAs) (i.e., hsa-miR-519c and hsa-miR-520h). Transfection of miRNA mimics and inhibitors of these two miRNAs confirmed their direct involvement in the regulation ABCG2 translation. Our findings clarify the controversy regarding the expression of the ABCG2 gene and also provide new insights into translational control of the expression of membrane transporter mRNAs by miRNAs in hESCs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Raji Padmanabhan
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Kevin G. Chen
- NIH Stem Cell Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Jean-Pierre Gillet
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Misty Handley
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Barbara S. Mallon
- NIH Stem Cell Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Rebecca S. Hamilton
- NIH Stem Cell Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Kyeyoon Park
- NIH Stem Cell Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Sudhir Varma
- Bioinformatics and Computational Biosciences Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Michele G. Mehaffey
- SAIC-Frederick, Inc., Frederick National Laboratory for Cancer Research, Frederick, Maryland 21702, USA
| | - Pamela G. Robey
- NIH Stem Cell Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
- Craniofacial and Skeletal Diseases Branch, National Institute of Dental and Craniofacial Research, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Ronald D.G. McKay
- NIH Stem Cell Unit, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
- Laboratory of Molecular Biology, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
| | - Michael M. Gottesman
- Laboratory of Cell Biology, Center for Cancer Research, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892, USA
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45
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Stimulus-induced expression of the ABCG2 multidrug transporter in HepG2 hepatocarcinoma model cells involves the ERK1/2 cascade and alternative promoters. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2012; 426:172-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2012.08.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/31/2012] [Accepted: 08/09/2012] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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46
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Erdei Z, Sarkadi B, Brózik A, Szebényi K, Várady G, Makó V, Péntek A, Orbán TI, Apáti Á. Dynamic ABCG2 expression in human embryonic stem cells provides the basis for stress response. EUROPEAN BIOPHYSICS JOURNAL: EBJ 2012; 42:169-79. [PMID: 22851001 DOI: 10.1007/s00249-012-0838-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2012] [Revised: 06/26/2012] [Accepted: 07/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
ABCG2 is a plasma membrane multidrug transporter with an established role in the cancer drug-resistance phenotype. This protein is expressed in a variety of tissues, including several types of stem cell. Although ABCG2 is not essential for life, knock-out mice were found to be hypersensitive to xenobiotics and had reduced levels of the side population of hematopoietic stem cells. Previously we have shown that ABCG2 is present in human embryonic stem cell (hESC) lines, with a heterogeneous expression pattern. In this study we examined this heterogeneity, and investigated whether it is related to stress responses in hESCs. We did not find any difference between expression of pluripotency markers in ABCG2-positive and negative hESCs; however, ABCG2-expressing cells had a higher growth rate after cell separation. We found that some harmful conditions (physical stress, drugs, and UV light exposure) are tolerated much better in the presence of ABCG2 protein. This property can be explained by the transporter function which eliminates potential toxic metabolites accumulated during stress conditions. In contrast, mild oxidative stress in hESCs caused rapid internalization of ABCG2, indicating that some environmental factors may induce removal of this transporter from the plasma membrane. On the basis of these results we suggest that a dynamic balance of ABCG2 expression at the population level has the advantage of enabling prompt response to changes in the cellular environment. Such actively maintained heterogeneity might be of evolutionary benefit in protecting special cell types, including pluripotent stem cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zsuzsa Erdei
- Membrane Research Group of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, Semmelweis, University and National Blood Center, Diószegi u. 64., 1113, Budapest, Hungary
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Tektaş OY, Yadav A, Garreis F, Schlötzer-Schrehardt U, Schicht M, Hampel U, Bräuer L, Paulsen F. Characterization of the mucocutaneous junction of the human eyelid margin and meibomian glands with different biomarkers. Ann Anat 2012; 194:436-45. [PMID: 22877886 DOI: 10.1016/j.aanat.2012.07.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2012] [Accepted: 07/03/2012] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
PURPOSE To investigate the morphology of the human eyelid margin and the presence of different cytokeratins, mucins and stem cell markers within the skin epithelium, mucocutaneous junction (MCJ) and palpebral conjunctiva. METHODS Eyelids of body donors were investigated histologically and ultrastructurally as well as by immunohistochemical methods using antibodies to cytokeratins 1, 4, 7, 8, 10, 13, 14, 15, and 19; mucins MUC1, MUC4, and MUC5AC and potential stem cell markers K15, BCRP/ABCG2, integrin β1, and N-cadherin. RESULTS The expression pattern of cytokeratins, mucins and stem cell markers varied across the different epithelia of the human eyelid. Within the MCJ, CK7, 15 and 19 were absent, whereas the epithelium reacted positive to antibodies to CK1, 4, 8, 10, 13 and 14. Reactivity was also observed for MUC1 and MUC4, but not for MUC5AC. No reactivity was determined for K15, BCRP/ABCG2 and integrin β1 in the area of the MCJ epithelium but a strong reactivity was present for N-cadherin. CONCLUSIONS The present immunohistochemical findings lead to a better characterization of the MCJ. Additionally, the knowledge of distribution of biomarkers like cytokeratins, mucins and stem cells can be useful in the investigation of MCJ disturbances which occur in several disorders of the meibomian glands and the lid epithelium in the course of dry eye syndrome and especially meibomian gland dysfunction.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ozan Yüksel Tektaş
- Department of Anatomy II, Friedrich-Alexander-University of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Erlangen, Germany
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Wu DT, Seita Y, Zhang X, Lu CW, Roth MJ. Antibody-directed lentiviral gene transduction for live-cell monitoring and selection of human iPS and hES cells. PLoS One 2012; 7:e34778. [PMID: 22536330 PMCID: PMC3334894 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0034778] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/12/2011] [Accepted: 03/09/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022] Open
Abstract
The identification of stem cells within a mixed population of cells is a major hurdle for stem cell biology--in particular, in the identification of induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells during the reprogramming process. Based on the selective expression of stem cell surface markers, a method to specifically infect stem cells through antibody-conjugated lentiviral particles has been developed that can deliver both visual markers for live-cell imaging as well as selectable markers to enrich for iPS cells. Antibodies recognizing SSEA4 and CD24 mediated the selective infection of the iPS cells over the parental human fibroblasts, allowing for rapid expansion of these cells by puromycin selection. Adaptation of the vector allows for the selective marking of human embryonic stem (hES) cells for their removal from a population of differentiated cells. This method has the benefit that it not only identifies stem cells, but that specific genes, including positive and negative selection markers, regulatory genes or miRNA can be delivered to the targeted stem cells. The ability to specifically target gene delivery to human pluripotent stem cells has broad applications in tissue engineering and stem cell therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dai-tze Wu
- Department of Pharmacology, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey – Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Yasunari Seita
- Deptartment of Ob/Gyn, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey – Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Xia Zhang
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey – Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Chi-Wei Lu
- Deptartment of Ob/Gyn, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey – Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
| | - Monica J. Roth
- Department of Biochemistry, University of Medicine and Dentistry of New Jersey – Robert Wood Johnson Medical School, Piscataway, New Jersey, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Shaffer BC, Gillet JP, Patel C, Baer MR, Bates SE, Gottesman MM. Drug resistance: still a daunting challenge to the successful treatment of AML. Drug Resist Updat 2012; 15:62-9. [PMID: 22409994 DOI: 10.1016/j.drup.2012.02.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 188] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Resistance to chemotherapy remains a challenging issue for patients and their physicians. P-glycoprotein (Pgp, MDR1, ABCB1), as well as a family of structurally and functionally related proteins, are plasma membrane transporters able to efflux a variety of substrates from the cell cytoplasm, including chemotherapeutic agents. The discovery of ABCB1 made available a potential target for pharmacologic down-regulation of efflux-mediated chemotherapy resistance. In patients with acute myeloid leukemia (AML), a neoplasm characterized by proliferation of poorly differentiated myeloid progenitor cells, leukemic cells often express ABCB1 at high levels, which may lead to the development of resistance to chemotherapy. Thus, AML seemed to be a likely cancer for which the addition of drug efflux inhibitors to the chemotherapeutic regimen would improve outcomes in patients. Despite this rational hypothesis, the majority of clinical trials evaluating this strategy have failed to reach a positive endpoint, most recently the Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group E3999 trial. Here we review data suggesting the importance of ABCB1 in AML, address the failure of clinical trials to support a therapeutic strategy aimed at modulating ABCB1-mediated resistance, and consider the type of research that should be conducted in this field going forward.
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Affiliation(s)
- Brian C Shaffer
- Medical Oncology Branch, National Cancer Institute, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD 20892-4255, USA
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50
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Mesenchymal stem cell like (MSCl) cells generated from human embryonic stem cells support pluripotent cell growth. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2011; 414:474-80. [PMID: 21971558 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2011.09.089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2011] [Accepted: 09/17/2011] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
Mesenchymal stem cell like (MSCl) cells were generated from human embryonic stem cells (hESC) through embryoid body formation, and isolated by adherence to plastic surface. MSCl cell lines could be propagated without changes in morphological or functional characteristics for more than 15 passages. These cells, as well as their fluorescent protein expressing stable derivatives, efficiently supported the growth of undifferentiated human embryonic stem cells as feeder cells. The MSCl cells did not express the embryonic (Oct4, Nanog, ABCG2, PODXL, or SSEA4), or hematopoietic (CD34, CD45, CD14, CD133, HLA-DR) stem cell markers, while were positive for the characteristic cell surface markers of MSCs (CD44, CD73, CD90, CD105). MSCl cells could be differentiated toward osteogenic, chondrogenic or adipogenic directions and exhibited significant inhibition of mitogen-activated lymphocyte proliferation, and thus presented immunosuppressive features. We suggest that cultured MSCl cells can properly model human MSCs and be applied as efficient feeders in hESC cultures.
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