1
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Olver DJ, Azam I, Benson JD. HepG2 cells undergo regulatory volume decrease by mechanically induced efflux of water and solutes. Biomech Model Mechanobiol 2024; 23:1781-1799. [PMID: 39012455 DOI: 10.1007/s10237-024-01868-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 06/12/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024]
Abstract
This study challenges the conventional belief that animal cell membranes lack a significant hydrostatic gradient, particularly under anisotonic conditions, as demonstrated in the human hepatoma cell line HepG2. The Boyle van't Hoff (BvH) relation describes volumetric equilibration to anisotonic conditions for many cells. However, the BvH relation is simple and does not include many cellular components such as the cytoskeleton and actin cortex, mechanosensitive channels, and ion pumps. Here we present alternative models that account for mechanical resistance to volumetric expansion, solute leakage, and active ion pumping. We found the BvH relation works well to describe hypertonic volume equilibration but not hypotonic volume equilibration. After anisotonic exposure and return isotonic conditions cell volumes were smaller than their initial isotonic volume, indicating solutes had leaked out of the cell during swelling. Finally, we observed HepG2 cells undergo regulatory volume decrease at both 20 °C and 4 °C, indicating regulatory volume decrease to be a relatively passive phenomenon and not driven by ion pumps. We determined the turgor-leak model, which accounts for mechanical resistance and solute leakage, best fits the observations found in the suite of experiments performed, while other models were rejected.
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Affiliation(s)
- Dominic J Olver
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, 112 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - Iqra Azam
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, 112 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E2, Canada
| | - James D Benson
- Department of Biology, University of Saskatchewan, 112 Science Place, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E2, Canada.
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2
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Scepanovic G, Fernandez-Gonzalez R. Should I shrink or should I grow: cell size changes in tissue morphogenesis. Genome 2024; 67:125-138. [PMID: 38198661 DOI: 10.1139/gen-2023-0091] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2024]
Abstract
Cells change shape, move, divide, and die to sculpt tissues. Common to all these cell behaviours are cell size changes, which have recently emerged as key contributors to tissue morphogenesis. Cells can change their mass-the number of macromolecules they contain-or their volume-the space they encompass. Changes in cell mass and volume occur through different molecular mechanisms and at different timescales, slow for changes in mass and rapid for changes in volume. Therefore, changes in cell mass and cell volume, which are often linked, contribute to the development and shaping of tissues in different ways. Here, we review the molecular mechanisms by which cells can control and alter their size, and we discuss how changes in cell mass and volume contribute to tissue morphogenesis. The role that cell size control plays in developing embryos is only starting to be elucidated. Research on the signals that control cell size will illuminate our understanding of the cellular and molecular mechanisms that drive tissue morphogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Gordana Scepanovic
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada
- Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
| | - Rodrigo Fernandez-Gonzalez
- Department of Cell and Systems Biology, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G5, Canada
- Ted Rogers Centre for Heart Research, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5G 1M1, Canada
- Institute of Biomedical Engineering, University of Toronto, Toronto, ON M5S 3G9, Canada
- Developmental and Stem Cell Biology Program, The Hospital for Sick Children, Toronto, ON, M5G 1X8, Canada
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3
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Shou Y, Teo XY, Wu KZ, Bai B, Kumar ARK, Low J, Le Z, Tay A. Dynamic Stimulations with Bioengineered Extracellular Matrix-Mimicking Hydrogels for Mechano Cell Reprogramming and Therapy. ADVANCED SCIENCE (WEINHEIM, BADEN-WURTTEMBERG, GERMANY) 2023; 10:e2300670. [PMID: 37119518 PMCID: PMC10375194 DOI: 10.1002/advs.202300670] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/30/2023] [Revised: 04/10/2023] [Indexed: 06/19/2023]
Abstract
Cells interact with their surrounding environment through a combination of static and dynamic mechanical signals that vary over stimulus types, intensity, space, and time. Compared to static mechanical signals such as stiffness, porosity, and topography, the current understanding on the effects of dynamic mechanical stimulations on cells remains limited, attributing to a lack of access to devices, the complexity of experimental set-up, and data interpretation. Yet, in the pursuit of emerging translational applications (e.g., cell manufacturing for clinical treatment), it is crucial to understand how cells respond to a variety of dynamic forces that are omnipresent in vivo so that they can be exploited to enhance manufacturing and therapeutic outcomes. With a rising appreciation of the extracellular matrix (ECM) as a key regulator of biofunctions, researchers have bioengineered a suite of ECM-mimicking hydrogels, which can be fine-tuned with spatiotemporal mechanical cues to model complex static and dynamic mechanical profiles. This review first discusses how mechanical stimuli may impact different cellular components and the various mechanobiology pathways involved. Then, how hydrogels can be designed to incorporate static and dynamic mechanical parameters to influence cell behaviors are described. The Scopus database is also used to analyze the relative strength in evidence, ranging from strong to weak, based on number of published literatures, associated citations, and treatment significance. Additionally, the impacts of static and dynamic mechanical stimulations on clinically relevant cell types including mesenchymal stem cells, fibroblasts, and immune cells, are evaluated. The aim is to draw attention to the paucity of studies on the effects of dynamic mechanical stimuli on cells, as well as to highlight the potential of using a cocktail of various types and intensities of mechanical stimulations to influence cell fates (similar to the concept of biochemical cocktail to direct cell fate). It is envisioned that this progress report will inspire more exciting translational development of mechanoresponsive hydrogels for biomedical applications.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yufeng Shou
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringNational University of SingaporeSingapore117583Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation and TechnologyNational University of SingaporeSingapore117599Singapore
| | - Xin Yong Teo
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringNational University of SingaporeSingapore117583Singapore
| | - Kenny Zhuoran Wu
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringNational University of SingaporeSingapore117583Singapore
| | - Bingyu Bai
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringNational University of SingaporeSingapore117583Singapore
| | - Arun R. K. Kumar
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringNational University of SingaporeSingapore117583Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation and TechnologyNational University of SingaporeSingapore117599Singapore
- Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineNational University of SingaporeSingapore117597Singapore
| | - Jessalyn Low
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringNational University of SingaporeSingapore117583Singapore
| | - Zhicheng Le
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringNational University of SingaporeSingapore117583Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation and TechnologyNational University of SingaporeSingapore117599Singapore
| | - Andy Tay
- Department of Biomedical EngineeringNational University of SingaporeSingapore117583Singapore
- Institute for Health Innovation and TechnologyNational University of SingaporeSingapore117599Singapore
- NUS Tissue Engineering ProgramNational University of SingaporeSingapore117510Singapore
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4
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Heckman CA, Ademuyiwa OM, Cayer ML. How filopodia respond to calcium in the absence of a calcium-binding structural protein: non-channel functions of TRP. Cell Commun Signal 2022; 20:130. [PMID: 36028898 PMCID: PMC9414478 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-022-00927-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 06/21/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Background For many cell types, directional locomotion depends on their maintaining filopodia at the leading edge. Filopodia lack any Ca2+-binding structural protein but respond to store-operated Ca2+ entry (SOCE). Methods SOCE was induced by first replacing the medium with Ca2+-free salt solution with cyclopiazonic acid (CPA). This lowers Ca2+ in the ER and causes stromal interacting molecule (STIM) to be translocated to the cell surface. After this priming step, CPA was washed out, and Ca2+ influx restored by addition of extracellular Ca2+. Intracellular Ca2+ levels were measured by calcium orange fluorescence. Regulatory mechanisms were identified by pharmacological treatments. Proteins mediating SOCE were localized by immunofluorescence and analyzed after image processing. Results Depletion of the ER Ca2+ increased filopodia prevalence briefly, followed by a spontaneous decline that was blocked by inhibitors of endocytosis. Intracellular Ca2+ increased continuously for ~ 50 min. STIM and a transient receptor potential canonical (TRPC) protein were found in separate compartments, but an aquaporin unrelated to SOCE was present in both. STIM1- and TRPC1-bearing vesicles were trafficked on microtubules. During depletion, STIM1 migrated to the surface where it coincided with Orai in punctae, as expected. TRPC1 was partially colocalized with Vamp2, a rapidly releasable pool marker, and with phospholipases (PLCs). TRPC1 retreated to internal compartments during ER depletion. Replenishment of extracellular Ca2+ altered the STIM1 distribution, which came to resemble that of untreated cells. Vamp2 and TRPC1 underwent exocytosis and became homogeneously distributed on the cell surface. This was accompanied by an increased prevalence of filopodia, which was blocked by inhibitors of TRPC1/4/5 and endocytosis. Conclusions Because the media were devoid of ligands that activate receptors during depletion and Ca2+ replenishment, we could attribute filopodia extension to SOCE. We propose that the Orai current stimulates exocytosis of TRPC-bearing vesicles, and that Ca2+ influx through TRPC inhibits PLC activity. This allows regeneration of the substrate, phosphatidylinositol 4,5 bisphosphate (PIP2), a platform for assembling proteins, e. g. Enabled and IRSp53. TRPC contact with PLC is required but is broken by TRPC dissemination. This explains how STIM1 regulates the cell’s ability to orient itself in response to attractive or repulsive cues. Video Abstract
Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12964-022-00927-y.
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Affiliation(s)
- C A Heckman
- Department of Biological Sciences, 217 Life Science Building, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, 43403-0001, USA.
| | - O M Ademuyiwa
- Department of Biological Sciences, 217 Life Science Building, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, 43403-0001, USA
| | - M L Cayer
- Center for Microscopy and Microanalysis, Bowling Green State University, Bowling Green, OH, 43403, USA
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5
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Rodat-Despoix L, Chamlali M, Ouadid-Ahidouch H. Ion channels as key partners of cytoskeleton in cancer disease. Biochim Biophys Acta Rev Cancer 2021; 1876:188627. [PMID: 34520803 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbcan.2021.188627] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/30/2021] [Revised: 09/08/2021] [Accepted: 09/08/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Several processes occur during tumor development including changes in cell morphology, a reorganization of the expression and distribution of the cytoskeleton proteins as well as ion channels. If cytoskeleton proteins and ion channels have been widely investigated in understanding cancer mechanisms, the interaction between these two elements and the identification of the associated signaling pathways are only beginning to emerge. In this review, we summarize the work published over the past 15 years relating to the roles played by ion channels in these mechanisms of reorganization of the cellular morphology, essential to metastatic dissemination, both through the physical interactions with elements of the cytoskeleton and by intracellular signaling pathways involved.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lise Rodat-Despoix
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire (UR 4667), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, UFR des Sciences, 33 Rue St Leu, 80039 Amiens, France.
| | - Mohamed Chamlali
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire (UR 4667), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, UFR des Sciences, 33 Rue St Leu, 80039 Amiens, France
| | - Halima Ouadid-Ahidouch
- Laboratoire de Physiologie Cellulaire et Moléculaire (UR 4667), Université de Picardie Jules Verne, UFR des Sciences, 33 Rue St Leu, 80039 Amiens, France
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6
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Atcha H, Jairaman A, Holt JR, Meli VS, Nagalla RR, Veerasubramanian PK, Brumm KT, Lim HE, Othy S, Cahalan MD, Pathak MM, Liu WF. Mechanically activated ion channel Piezo1 modulates macrophage polarization and stiffness sensing. Nat Commun 2021; 12:3256. [PMID: 34059671 PMCID: PMC8167181 DOI: 10.1038/s41467-021-23482-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 193] [Impact Index Per Article: 64.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/16/2020] [Accepted: 04/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Macrophages perform diverse functions within tissues during immune responses to pathogens and injury, but molecular mechanisms by which physical properties of the tissue regulate macrophage behavior are less well understood. Here, we examine the role of the mechanically activated cation channel Piezo1 in macrophage polarization and sensing of microenvironmental stiffness. We show that macrophages lacking Piezo1 exhibit reduced inflammation and enhanced wound healing responses. Additionally, macrophages expressing the transgenic Ca2+ reporter, Salsa6f, reveal that Ca2+ influx is dependent on Piezo1, modulated by soluble signals, and enhanced on stiff substrates. Furthermore, stiffness-dependent changes in macrophage function, both in vitro and in response to subcutaneous implantation of biomaterials in vivo, require Piezo1. Finally, we show that positive feedback between Piezo1 and actin drives macrophage activation. Together, our studies reveal that Piezo1 is a mechanosensor of stiffness in macrophages, and that its activity modulates polarization responses. Macrophages perform diverse functions during immune responses, but the molecular mechanisms by which physical properties of the tissue regulate macrophage behavior remain unknown. Here the authors find that Piezo1 is a mechanosensor of stiffness, and that its activity modulates macrophage polarization responses.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hamza Atcha
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA.,The Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA
| | - Amit Jairaman
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA
| | - Jesse R Holt
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA.,Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA
| | - Vijaykumar S Meli
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA.,The Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA.,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA
| | - Raji R Nagalla
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA.,The Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA
| | - Praveen Krishna Veerasubramanian
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA.,The Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA
| | - Kyle T Brumm
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA.,The Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA
| | - Huy E Lim
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA.,The Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA
| | - Shivashankar Othy
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA
| | - Michael D Cahalan
- Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA
| | - Medha M Pathak
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA.,Department of Physiology and Biophysics, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA.,Sue and Bill Gross Stem Cell Research Center, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA
| | - Wendy F Liu
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA. .,The Edwards Lifesciences Center for Advanced Cardiovascular Technology, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA. .,Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, University of California Irvine, Irvine, USA.
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7
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Morachevskaya EA, Sudarikova AV. Actin dynamics as critical ion channel regulator: ENaC and Piezo in focus. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol 2021; 320:C696-C702. [PMID: 33471624 DOI: 10.1152/ajpcell.00368.2020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/22/2022]
Abstract
Ion channels in plasma membrane play a principal role in different physiological processes, including cell volume regulation, signal transduction, and modulation of membrane potential in living cells. Actin-based cytoskeleton, which exists in a dynamic balance between monomeric and polymeric forms (globular and fibrillar actin), can be directly or indirectly involved in various cellular responses including modulation of ion channel activity. In this mini-review, we present an overview of the role of submembranous actin dynamics in the regulation of ion channels in excitable and nonexcitable cells. Special attention is focused on the important data about the involvement of actin assembly/disassembly and some actin-binding proteins in the control of the epithelial Na+ channel (ENaC) and mechanosensitive Piezo channels whose integral activity has a potential impact on membrane transport and multiple coupled cellular reactions. Growing evidence suggests that actin elements of the cytoskeleton can represent a "converging point" of various signaling pathways modulating the activity of ion transport proteins in cell membranes.
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8
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Kärki T, Rajakylä EK, Acheva A, Tojkander S. TRPV6 calcium channel directs homeostasis of the mammary epithelial sheets and controls epithelial mesenchymal transition. Sci Rep 2020; 10:14683. [PMID: 32895467 PMCID: PMC7477193 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-71645-z] [Citation(s) in RCA: 21] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/30/2020] [Accepted: 08/14/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
Epithelial integrity is lost upon cancer progression as cancer cells detach from the primary tumor site and start to invade to the surrounding tissues. Invasive cancers of epithelial origin often express altered levels of TRP-family cation channels. Upregulation of TRPV6 Ca2+-channel has been associated with a number of human malignancies and its high expression in breast cancer has been linked to both proliferation and invasive disease. The mechanisms behind the potential of TRPV6 to induce invasive progression have, however, not been well elucidated. Here we show that TRPV6 is connected to both E-cadherin-based adherens junctions and intracellular cytoskeletal structures. Loss of TRPV6 from normal mammary epithelial cells led to disruption of epithelial integrity and abnormal 3D-mammo sphere morphology. Furthermore, expression level of TRPV6 was tightly linked to the levels of common EMT markers, suggesting that TRPV6 may have a role in the mesenchymal invasion of breast cancer cells. Thus, either too low or too high TRPV6 levels compromise homeostasis of the mammary epithelial sheets and may promote the progression of pathophysiological conditions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Tytti Kärki
- Section of Pathology, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Agnes Sjöberginkatu 2, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
- Department of Applied Physics, Aalto University School of Science, Puumiehenkuja 2, 02150, Espoo, Finland
| | - Eeva Kaisa Rajakylä
- Section of Pathology, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Agnes Sjöberginkatu 2, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Anna Acheva
- Section of Pathology, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Agnes Sjöberginkatu 2, 00014, Helsinki, Finland
| | - Sari Tojkander
- Section of Pathology, Department of Veterinary Biosciences, University of Helsinki, Agnes Sjöberginkatu 2, 00014, Helsinki, Finland.
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9
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Hu Q, Ahmad AA, Seidel T, Hunter C, Streiff M, Nikolova L, Spitzer KW, Sachse FB. Location and function of transient receptor potential canonical channel 1 in ventricular myocytes. J Mol Cell Cardiol 2020; 139:113-123. [PMID: 31982426 DOI: 10.1016/j.yjmcc.2020.01.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/17/2019] [Revised: 12/16/2019] [Accepted: 01/21/2020] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
Abstract
Transient receptor potential canonical 1 (TRPC1) protein is abundantly expressed in cardiomyocytes. While TRPC1 is supposed to be critically involved in cardiac hypertrophy, its physiological role in cardiomyocytes is poorly understood. We investigated the subcellular location of TRPC1 and its contribution to Ca2+ signaling in mammalian ventricular myocytes. Immunolabeling, three-dimensional scanning confocal microscopy and quantitative colocalization analysis revealed an abundant intracellular location of TRPC1 in neonatal rat ventricular myocytes (NRVMs) and adult rabbit ventricular myocytes. TRPC1 was colocalized with intracellular proteins including sarco/endoplasmic reticulum Ca2+ ATPase 2 in the sarcoplasmic reticulum (SR). Colocalization with wheat germ agglutinin, which labels the glycocalyx and thus marks the sarcolemma including the transverse tubular system, was low. Super-resolution and immunoelectron microscopy supported the intracellular location of TRPC1. We investigated Ca2+ signaling in NRVMs after adenoviral TRPC1 overexpression or silencing. In NRVMs bathed in Na+ and Ca2+ free solution, TRPC1 overexpression and silencing was associated with a decreased and increased SR Ca2+ content, respectively. In isolated rabbit cardiomyocytes bathed in Na+ and Ca2+ free solution, we found an increased decay of the cytosolic Ca2+ concentration [Ca2+]i and increased SR Ca2+ content in the presence of the TRPC channel blocker SKF-96365. In a computational model of rabbit ventricular myocytes at physiological pacing rates, Ca2+ leak through SR TRPC channels increased the systolic and diastolic [Ca2+]i with only minor effects on the action potential and SR Ca2+ content. Our studies suggest that TRPC1 channels are localized in the SR, and not present in the sarcolemma of ventricular myocytes. The studies provide evidence for a role of TRPC1 as a contributor to SR Ca2+ leak in cardiomyocytes, which was previously explained by ryanodine receptors only. We propose that the findings will guide us to an understanding of TRPC1 channels as modulators of [Ca2+]i and contractility in cardiomyocytes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Qinghua Hu
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central-South University, Changsha, Hunan 410078, China
| | - Azmi A Ahmad
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Thomas Seidel
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Chris Hunter
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Molly Streiff
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Linda Nikolova
- Core Research Facilities, Health Sciences Center, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Kenneth W Spitzer
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA
| | - Frank B Sachse
- Nora Eccles Harrison Cardiovascular Research and Training Institute, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA; Department of Biomedical Engineering, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, UT 84112, USA.
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10
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Canales J, Morales D, Blanco C, Rivas J, Díaz N, Angelopoulos I, Cerda O. A TR(i)P to Cell Migration: New Roles of TRP Channels in Mechanotransduction and Cancer. Front Physiol 2019; 10:757. [PMID: 31275168 PMCID: PMC6591513 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2019.00757] [Citation(s) in RCA: 56] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/18/2019] [Accepted: 05/31/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Cell migration is a key process in cancer metastasis, allowing malignant cells to spread from the primary tumor to distant organs. At the molecular level, migration is the result of several coordinated events involving mechanical forces and cellular signaling, where the second messenger Ca2+ plays a pivotal role. Therefore, elucidating the regulation of intracellular Ca2+ levels is key for a complete understanding of the mechanisms controlling cellular migration. In this regard, understanding the function of Transient Receptor Potential (TRP) channels, which are fundamental determinants of Ca2+ signaling, is critical to uncovering mechanisms of mechanotransduction during cell migration and, consequently, in pathologies closely linked to it, such as cancer. Here, we review recent studies on the association between TRP channels and migration-related mechanotransduction events, as well as in the involvement of TRP channels in the migration-dependent pathophysiological process of metastasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jimena Canales
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channels-Associated Diseases, Santiago, Chile
| | - Diego Morales
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channels-Associated Diseases, Santiago, Chile
| | - Constanza Blanco
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channels-Associated Diseases, Santiago, Chile
| | - José Rivas
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channels-Associated Diseases, Santiago, Chile
| | - Nicolás Díaz
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channels-Associated Diseases, Santiago, Chile
| | - Ioannis Angelopoulos
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channels-Associated Diseases, Santiago, Chile
| | - Oscar Cerda
- Program of Cellular and Molecular Biology, Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universidad de Chile, Santiago, Chile.,Millennium Nucleus of Ion Channels-Associated Diseases, Santiago, Chile.,The Wound Repair, Treatment and Health (WoRTH) Initiative, Santiago, Chile
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11
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Kaul R, Risinger AL, Mooberry SL. Microtubule-Targeting Drugs: More than Antimitotics. JOURNAL OF NATURAL PRODUCTS 2019; 82:680-685. [PMID: 30835122 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jnatprod.9b00105] [Citation(s) in RCA: 60] [Impact Index Per Article: 12.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 06/09/2023]
Abstract
Nature has yielded numerous compounds that bind to tubulin/microtubules and disrupt microtubule function. Even with the advent of targeted therapies for cancer, natural products and their derivatives that target microtubules are some of the most effective drugs used in the treatment of solid tumors and hematological malignancies. For decades, these drugs were thought to work solely through their ability to inhibit mitosis. Accumulating evidence demonstrates that their actions are much more complex, in that they also have significant effects on microtubules in nondividing cells that inhibit a diverse range of signaling events important for carcinogenesis. The abilities of these drugs to inhibit oncogenic signaling likely underlies their efficacy, especially in solid tumors. In this review, we describe the role of microtubules in cells, the proliferation paradox of cells in culture as compared to cancers in patients, and evidence that microtubule-targeting drugs inhibit cellular signaling pathways important for tumorigenesis. The potential mechanisms behind differences in the clinical indications and efficacy of these natural-product-derived drugs are also discussed. Microtubules are an important target for structurally diverse natural products, and a fuller understanding of the mechanisms of action of these drugs will promote their optimal use.
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12
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Avilés-Pagán EE, Orr-Weaver TL. Activating embryonic development in Drosophila. Semin Cell Dev Biol 2018; 84:100-110. [PMID: 29448071 PMCID: PMC6301029 DOI: 10.1016/j.semcdb.2018.02.019] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2017] [Revised: 12/21/2017] [Accepted: 02/11/2018] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
The transition from oocyte to embryo marks the onset of development. This process requires complex regulation to link developmental signals with profound changes in mRNA translation, cell cycle control, and metabolism. This control is beginning to be understood for most organisms, and research in the fruit fly Drosophila melanogaster has generated new insights. Recent findings have increased our understanding of the roles played by hormone and Ca2+ signaling events as well as metabolic remodeling crucial for this transition. Specialized features of the structure and assembly of the meiotic spindle have been identified. The changes in protein levels, mRNA translation, and polyadenylation that occur as the oocyte becomes an embryo have been identified together with key aspects of their regulation. Here we highlight these important developments and the insights they provide on the intricate regulation of this dramatic transition.
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Affiliation(s)
- Emir E Avilés-Pagán
- Whitehead Institute and Dept. of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States
| | - Terry L Orr-Weaver
- Whitehead Institute and Dept. of Biology, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Cambridge, MA, United States.
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13
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Mugabo Y, Lim GE. Scaffold Proteins: From Coordinating Signaling Pathways to Metabolic Regulation. Endocrinology 2018; 159:3615-3630. [PMID: 30204866 PMCID: PMC6180900 DOI: 10.1210/en.2018-00705] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/06/2018] [Accepted: 09/05/2018] [Indexed: 01/13/2023]
Abstract
Among their pleiotropic functions, scaffold proteins are required for the accurate coordination of signaling pathways. It has only been within the past 10 years that their roles in glucose homeostasis and metabolism have emerged. It is well appreciated that changes in the expression or function of signaling effectors, such as receptors or kinases, can influence the development of chronic diseases such as diabetes and obesity. However, little is known regarding whether scaffolds have similar roles in the pathogenesis of metabolic diseases. In general, scaffolds are often underappreciated in the context of metabolism or metabolic diseases. In the present review, we discuss various scaffold proteins and their involvement in signaling pathways related to metabolism and metabolic diseases. The aims of the present review were to highlight the importance of scaffold proteins and to raise awareness of their physiological contributions. A thorough understanding of how scaffolds influence metabolism could aid in the discovery of novel therapeutic approaches to treat chronic conditions, such as diabetes, obesity, and cardiovascular disease, for which the incidence of all continue to increase at alarming rates.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yves Mugabo
- Cardiometabolic Axis, Centre de Recherche de Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Montréal Diabetes Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
| | - Gareth E Lim
- Cardiometabolic Axis, Centre de Recherche de Centre Hospitalier de l’Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Montréal Diabetes Research Centre, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Université de Montréal, Montreal, Quebec, Canada
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14
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Abstract
Abstract Primary sensory neurons are responsible for transmitting sensory information from the peripheral to the central nervous system. Their responses to incoming stimulation become greatly enhanced and prolonged following inflammation, giving rise to exaggerated nociceptive responses and chronic pain. The inflammatory mediator, prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), released from the inflamed tissue surrounding the terminals of sensory neurons contributes to the abnormal pain responses. PGE2 acts on G protein-coupled EP receptors to activate adenylyl cyclase, which catalyzes the conversion of adenosine triphosphate to cyclic adenosine 3′,5′-monophosphate (cAMP). Under normal conditions, cAMP activates primarily protein kinase A. After inflammation, cAMP also activates the exchange proteins activated by cAMP (Epacs) to produce exaggerated PGE2-mediated hyperalgesia. The role of cAMP-Epac signaling in the generation of hypersensitivity is the topic of this review.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yanping Gu
- Department of Neuroscience and Cell Biology, University of Texas Medical Branch Galveston, TX 77555-1069, USA
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15
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Lu Y, Reddy R, Ferrer Buitrago M, Vander Jeught M, Neupane J, De Vos WH, Van den Abbeel E, Lierman S, De Sutter P, Heindryckx B. Strontium fails to induce Ca 2+ release and activation in human oocytes despite the presence of functional TRPV3 channels. Hum Reprod Open 2018; 2018:hoy005. [PMID: 30895246 PMCID: PMC6276696 DOI: 10.1093/hropen/hoy005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/12/2017] [Revised: 01/31/2018] [Accepted: 03/15/2018] [Indexed: 01/27/2023] Open
Abstract
STUDY QUESTION Are the transient receptor potential cation channels vanilloid 3 (TRPV3) present and able to mediate strontium (Sr2+) induced artificial activation in human oocytes? SUMMARY ANSWER Sr2+ did not induce Ca2+ rises or provoke activation in human oocytes, however, mRNA for the TRPV3 channel was present in metaphase II (MII) human oocytes after IVM and TRPV3 agonists induced Ca2+ rises and oocyte activation, demonstrating the channels were functional. WHAT IS KNOWN ALREADY Selective activation of TRPV3 by agonists induces Ca2+ entry and promotes mouse oocyte activation, and the absence of TRPV3 channels in mouse oocytes prevents Sr2+ mediated artificial activation. Sr2+ is sometimes used to overcome fertilization failure after ICSI in the clinic, but its efficiency is still controversial and the mechanism(s) of how it mediates the Ca2+ flux has not been studied yet in human. STUDY DESIGN, SIZE, DURATION The protein distribution (n = 10) and mRNA expression level (n = 19) of the TRPV3 channels was investigated in human MII oocytes after IVM. The Sr2+ (10 mM) and TRPV3 agonists (200 μM 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate [2-APB] and 200 μM carvacrol)-induced Ca2+ response was analyzed in human (n = 15, n = 16 and n = 16, respectively) and mouse oocytes (n = 15, n = 19 and n = 26, respectively). The subsequent embryonic developmental potential following the parthenogenetic activation using these three agents was recorded in human (n = 10, n = 9 and n = 9, respectively) and mouse (n = 20 per agent) oocytes, by determining pronucleus, or 2-cell and blastocyst formation rates. PARTICIPANTS/MATERIALS, SETTING, METHODS MII oocytes from B6D2F1 mice (6–10 weeks old) as well as human IVM oocytes and IVO oocytes (from patients aged 25–38 years old) with aggregates of smooth endoplasmic reticulum clusters were used. The expression of TRPV3 channels was determined by immunofluorescence staining with confocal microscopy and RT-PCR, and the temporal evolution of intracellular Ca2+ concentration was measured by time-lapse imaging after exposure to Sr2+ and TRPV3 agonists (2-APB and carvacrol). Artificial activation efficiency was assessed using these agents. MAIN RESULTS AND THE ROLE OF CHANCE Sr2+ did not promote Ca2+ oscillations or provoke activation in human oocytes. Transcripts of TRPV3 channels were present in IVM MII human oocytes. TRPV3 protein was expressed and distributed throughout the ooplasm of human oocytes, rather than particularly concentrated in plasma membrane as observed in mouse MII oocytes. Both agonists of TRPV3 (2-APB and carvacrol), promoted a single Ca2+ transient and activated a comparable percentage of more than half of the exposed human oocytes (P > 0.05). The agonist 2-APB was also efficient in activating mouse oocytes, however, significantly fewer mouse oocytes responded to carvacrol than 2-APB in both the Ca2+ analysis and activation test (P < 0.001). LIMITATIONS REASONS FOR CAUTION The availability of fresh IVO matured oocytes in human was limited. Data from TRPV3 knockout model are not included. WIDER IMPLICATIONS OF THE FINDINGS The benefit of clinical application using Sr2+ to overcome fertilization failure after ICSI requires further validation. STUDY FUNDING/COMPETING INTEREST(S) This study was supported by FWO-Vlaanderen, China Scholarship Council and Special Research Fund from Ghent University (Bijzonder Onderzoeksfonds, BOF). No competing interests are declared.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y Lu
- Ghent-Fertility and Stem Cell Team (G-FaST), Department for Reproductive Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.,Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, West China Second University Hospital, Sichuan University, Renmin South Road 20, 610041 Chengdu, China
| | - R Reddy
- Ghent-Fertility and Stem Cell Team (G-FaST), Department for Reproductive Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - M Ferrer Buitrago
- Ghent-Fertility and Stem Cell Team (G-FaST), Department for Reproductive Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - M Vander Jeught
- Ghent-Fertility and Stem Cell Team (G-FaST), Department for Reproductive Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - J Neupane
- Ghent-Fertility and Stem Cell Team (G-FaST), Department for Reproductive Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - W H De Vos
- Cell Systems and Imaging research Group (CSI), Department of Molecular Biotechnology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Coupure Links 653, 9000 Ghent, Belgium.,Laboratory of Cell Biology and Histology, Department of Veterinary Sciences, University of Antwerp, Universiteitsplein 1, 2610 Antwerpen, Belgium
| | - E Van den Abbeel
- Ghent-Fertility and Stem Cell Team (G-FaST), Department for Reproductive Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - S Lierman
- Ghent-Fertility and Stem Cell Team (G-FaST), Department for Reproductive Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - P De Sutter
- Ghent-Fertility and Stem Cell Team (G-FaST), Department for Reproductive Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
| | - B Heindryckx
- Ghent-Fertility and Stem Cell Team (G-FaST), Department for Reproductive Medicine, Ghent University Hospital, De Pintelaan 185, 9000 Ghent, Belgium
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16
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Regulation of the Plasma Membrane Calcium ATPases by the actin cytoskeleton. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2017; 506:347-354. [PMID: 29180009 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2017.11.151] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/17/2017] [Accepted: 11/22/2017] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Associations between the cortical cytoskeleton and the components of the plasma membrane are no longer considered to be merely of structural and mechanical nature but are nowadays recognized as dynamic interactions that modulate a plethora of cellular responses. Reorganization of actin filaments upon diverse stimuli - among which is the rise in cytosolic Ca2+ - is involved in cell motility and adhesion, phagocytosis, cytokinesis, and secretion. Actin dynamics also participates in the regulation of ion transport across the membranes where it not only plays a key role in the delivery and stabilization of channels and transporters in the plasma membrane but also in the regulation of their activity. The recently described functional interaction between actin and the Plasma Membrane Ca2+-ATPase (PMCA) represents a novel regulatory mechanism of the pump at the time that unveils a new pathway by which the cortical actin cytoskeleton participates in the regulation of cytosolic Ca2+ homeostasis. In this review, we summarize the current knowledge on the interaction between the cortical actin cytoskeleton and the PMCA and discuss the possible mechanisms that may explain the pump's modulation.
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17
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Stires JC, Latz MI. Contribution of the cytoskeleton to mechanosensitivity reported by dinoflagellate bioluminescence. Cytoskeleton (Hoboken) 2017; 75:12-21. [PMID: 28771965 DOI: 10.1002/cm.21392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/03/2017] [Revised: 07/12/2017] [Accepted: 08/01/2017] [Indexed: 01/24/2023]
Abstract
The cytoskeleton is crucial to cell mechanics and sensing the extracellular physical environment. The objective of this study was to examine the role of the cortical cytoskeleton in mechanosensitivity in a unicellular protist, the marine dinoflagellate Lingulodinium polyedra, using its intrinsic bioluminescence as a rapid reporter of mechanotransduction. Pharmacological treatments resolved effects due to immediate cytoskeleton disruption from those due to cytoskeletal remodeling during the light to dark phase transition. The cytoskeleton was visualized by confocal laser scanning microscopy of immunohistochemically labeled microtubules and phalloidin labeled F-actin, and mechanosensitivity assessed based on the bioluminescence response to mechanical stimulation measured during the dark phase. Latrunculin B treatment after the transition from the light to dark phase resulted in some disruption of cortical F-actin, no observed effect on the cortical microtubules, and partial inhibition of the bioluminescence response. Treatment with oryzalin, which depolarizes microtubules, completely disrupted the microtubule network and cortical F-actin, and partially inhibited bioluminescence. These results demonstrate that cells retain some mechanosensitivity despite a disrupted cytoskeleton; link mechanosensitivity to intact F-actin; show a close connection between F-actin and microtubules comprising the cortical cytoskeleton; confirm a strong contribution of the actin cytoskeleton to the translocation of scintillons, vesicles containing the luminescent chemistry; and support the role of the actin cytoskeleton in the association of scintillons with the vacuole membrane.
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Affiliation(s)
- J C Stires
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92039
| | - M I Latz
- Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego, La Jolla, California, 92039
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18
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Abou-El-Hassan H, Sukhon F, Assaf EJ, Bahmad H, Abou-Abbass H, Jourdi H, Kobeissy FH. Degradomics in Neurotrauma: Profiling Traumatic Brain Injury. Methods Mol Biol 2017; 1598:65-99. [PMID: 28508358 DOI: 10.1007/978-1-4939-6952-4_4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
Degradomics has recently emerged as a subdiscipline in the omics era with a focus on characterizing signature breakdown products implicated in various disease processes. Driven by promising experimental findings in cancer, neuroscience, and metabolomic disorders, degradomics has significantly promoted the notion of disease-specific "degradome." A degradome arises from the activation of several proteases that target specific substrates and generate signature protein fragments. Several proteases such as calpains, caspases, cathepsins, and matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are involved in the pathogenesis of numerous diseases that disturb the physiologic balance between protein synthesis and protein degradation. While regulated proteolytic activities are needed for development, growth, and regeneration, uncontrolled proteolysis initiated under pathological conditions ultimately culminates into apoptotic and necrotic processes. In this chapter, we aim to review the protease-substrate repertoires in neural injury concentrating on traumatic brain injury. A striking diversity of protease substrates, essential for neuronal and brain structural and functional integrity, namely, encryptic biomarker neoproteins, have been characterized in brain injury. These include cytoskeletal proteins, transcription factors, cell cycle regulatory proteins, synaptic proteins, and cell junction proteins. As these substrates are subject to proteolytic fragmentation, they are ceaselessly exposed to activated proteases. Characterization of these molecules allows for a surge of "possible" therapeutic approaches of intervention at various levels of the proteolytic cascade.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hadi Abou-El-Hassan
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon.
| | - Fares Sukhon
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Edwyn Jeremy Assaf
- Faculty of Medicine, American University of Beirut Medical Center, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hisham Bahmad
- Faculty of Medical, Neuroscience Research Center, Beirut Arab University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Anatomy, Cell Biology and Physiological Sciences, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hussein Abou-Abbass
- Faculty of Medical Sciences, Neuroscience Research Center, Lebanese University, Beirut, Lebanon
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon
| | - Hussam Jourdi
- Faculty of Science¸ Department of Biology, University of Balamand, Souk-el-Gharb Campus, Aley, Lebanon
| | - Firas H Kobeissy
- Faculty of Medicine, Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Genetics, American University of Beirut, Beirut, Lebanon.
- Department of Psychiatry, Center for Neuroproteomics and Biomarkers Research, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA.
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19
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Vrenken KS, Jalink K, van Leeuwen FN, Middelbeek J. Beyond ion-conduction: Channel-dependent and -independent roles of TRP channels during development and tissue homeostasis. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-MOLECULAR CELL RESEARCH 2016; 1863:1436-46. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamcr.2015.11.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/04/2015] [Revised: 10/26/2015] [Accepted: 11/11/2015] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
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20
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Hullinger R, Puglielli L. Molecular and cellular aspects of age-related cognitive decline and Alzheimer's disease. Behav Brain Res 2016; 322:191-205. [PMID: 27163751 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbr.2016.05.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 39] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/24/2016] [Revised: 04/19/2016] [Accepted: 05/03/2016] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
As the population of people aged 60 or older continues to rise, it has become increasingly important to understand the molecular basis underlying age-related cognitive decline. In fact, a better understanding of aging biology will help us identify ways to maintain high levels of cognitive functioning throughout the aging process. Many cellular and molecular aspects of brain aging are shared with other organ systems; however, certain age-related changes are unique to the nervous system due to its structural, cellular and molecular complexity. Importantly, the brain appears to show differential changes throughout the aging process, with certain regions (e.g. frontal and temporal regions) being more vulnerable than others (e.g. brain stem). Within the medial temporal lobe, the hippocampus is especially susceptible to age-related changes. The important role of the hippocampus in age-related cognitive decline and in vulnerability to disease processes such as Alzheimer's disease has prompted this review, which will focus on the complexity of changes that characterize aging, and on the molecular connections that exist between normal aging and Alzheimer's disease. Finally, it will discuss behavioral interventions and emerging insights for promoting healthy cognitive aging.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rikki Hullinger
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| | - Luigi Puglielli
- Department of Medicine, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Department of Neuroscience, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Wisconsin Alzheimer's Disease Research Center, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA; Geriatric Research Education Clinical Center, VA Medical Center, Madison, WI 53705, USA.
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21
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Abstract
Dendrite branching is an essential process for building complex nervous systems. It determines the number, distribution and integration of inputs into a neuron, and is regulated to create the diverse dendrite arbor branching patterns characteristic of different neuron types. The microtubule cytoskeleton is critical to provide structure and exert force during dendrite branching. It also supports the functional requirements of dendrites, reflected by differential microtubule architectural organization between neuron types, illustrated here for sensory neurons. Both anterograde and retrograde microtubule polymerization occur within growing dendrites, and recent studies indicate that branching is enhanced by anterograde microtubule polymerization events in nascent branches. The polarities of microtubule polymerization events are regulated by the position and orientation of microtubule nucleation events in the dendrite arbor. Golgi outposts are a primary microtubule nucleation center in dendrites and share common nucleation machinery with the centrosome. In addition, pre-existing dendrite microtubules may act as nucleation sites. We discuss how balancing the activities of distinct nucleation machineries within the growing dendrite can alter microtubule polymerization polarity and dendrite branching, and how regulating this balance can generate neuron type-specific morphologies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caroline Delandre
- a Laboratory for Genetic Control of Neuronal Architecture, RIKEN Brain Science Institute , Wako , Saitama , Japan
| | - Reiko Amikura
- a Laboratory for Genetic Control of Neuronal Architecture, RIKEN Brain Science Institute , Wako , Saitama , Japan
| | - Adrian W Moore
- a Laboratory for Genetic Control of Neuronal Architecture, RIKEN Brain Science Institute , Wako , Saitama , Japan
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22
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Abella JVG, Way M. Actin'g against the Ball and Chain. Dev Cell 2016; 37:11-12. [PMID: 27046828 DOI: 10.1016/j.devcel.2016.03.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/19/2022]
Abstract
Spinocerebellar ataxia type 13 is a rare autosomal-dominant neurodegenerative disease induced by mutations in the voltage-dependent Kv3.3 potassium channel. Recently in Cell, Zhang et al. (2016) provide new insights into how Arp2/3-dependent actin polymerization modulates both Kv3.3 activity and its ability to stimulate actin polymerization via Hax-1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jasmine V G Abella
- Cellular Signalling and Cytoskeletal Function Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, Lincoln's Inn Fields Laboratory, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK
| | - Michael Way
- Cellular Signalling and Cytoskeletal Function Laboratory, The Francis Crick Institute, Lincoln's Inn Fields Laboratory, 44 Lincoln's Inn Fields, London WC2A 3LY, UK.
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23
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Viola HM, Johnstone VPA, Cserne Szappanos H, Richman TR, Tsoutsman T, Filipovska A, Semsarian C, Seidman JG, Seidman CE, Hool LC. The Role of the L-Type Ca 2+ Channel in Altered Metabolic Activity in a Murine Model of Hypertrophic Cardiomyopathy. JACC Basic Transl Sci 2016; 1:61-72. [PMID: 30167506 PMCID: PMC6113168 DOI: 10.1016/j.jacbts.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/30/2015] [Accepted: 12/31/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Heterozygous mice (αMHC403/+) expressing the human disease-causing mutation Arg403Gln exhibit cardinal features of hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) including hypertrophy, myocyte disarray, and increased myocardial fibrosis. Treatment of αMHC403/+mice with the L-type calcium channel (ICa-L) antagonist diltiazem has been shown to decrease left ventricular anterior wall thickness, cardiac myocyte hypertrophy, disarray, and fibrosis. However, the role of the ICa-L in the development of HCM is not known. In addition to maintaining cardiac excitation and contraction in myocytes, the ICa-L also regulates mitochondrial function through transmission of movement of ICa-L via cytoskeletal proteins to mitochondrial voltage-dependent anion channel. Here, the authors investigated the role of ICa-L in regulating mitochondrial function in αMHC403/+mice. Whole-cell patch clamp studies showed that ICa-L current inactivation kinetics were significantly increased in αMHC403/+cardiac myocytes, but that current density and channel expression were similar to wild-type cardiac myocytes. Activation of ICa-L caused a significantly greater increase in mitochondrial membrane potential and metabolic activity in αMHC403/+. These increases were attenuated with ICa-L antagonists and following F-actin or β-tubulin depolymerization. The authors observed increased levels of fibroblast growth factor-21 in αMHC403/+mice, and altered mitochondrial DNA copy number consistent with altered mitochondrial activity and the development of cardiomyopathy. These studies suggest that the Arg403Gln mutation leads to altered functional communication between ICa-L and mitochondria that is associated with increased metabolic activity, which may contribute to the development of cardiomyopathy. ICa-L antagonists may be effective in reducing the cardiomyopathy in HCM by altering metabolic activity. Heterozygous mice (αMHC403/+) expressing the human hypertrophic cardiomyopathy (HCM) disease causing mutation Arg403Gln exhibit cardinal features of HCM. This study investigated the role of L-type Ca2+ channel (ICa-L) in regulating mitochondrial function in Arg403Gln (αMHC403/+) mice. Activation of ICa-L in αMHC403/+mice caused a significantly greater increase in mitochondrial membrane potential and metabolic activity when compared to wild-type mice. Increases in mitochondrial membrane potential and metabolic activity were attenuated with ICa-L antagonists and when F-actin or β-tubulin were depolymerized. ICa-L antagonists may be effective in reducing the cardiomyopathy in HCM by altering metabolic activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helena M Viola
- School of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Victoria P A Johnstone
- School of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Henrietta Cserne Szappanos
- School of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Tara R Richman
- The Harry Perkins Institute for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Tatiana Tsoutsman
- Agnes Ginges Centre for Molecular Cardiology, Centenary Institute, Sydney, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Australia
| | - Aleksandra Filipovska
- The Harry Perkins Institute for Medical Research, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia
| | - Christopher Semsarian
- Agnes Ginges Centre for Molecular Cardiology, Centenary Institute, Sydney, Australia.,Sydney Medical School, University of Sydney, Australia.,Department of Cardiology, Royal Prince Alfred Hospital, Sydney, Australia
| | | | | | - Livia C Hool
- School of Anatomy, Physiology and Human Biology, The University of Western Australia, Crawley, Australia.,Victor Chang Cardiac Research Institute, Sydney, Australia
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24
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Lee HC, Yoon SY, Lykke-Hartmann K, Fissore RA, Carvacho I. TRPV3 channels mediate Ca2+ influx induced by 2-APB in mouse eggs. Cell Calcium 2016; 59:21-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.ceca.2015.12.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2015] [Revised: 12/09/2015] [Accepted: 12/11/2015] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
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25
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Constantin B. Role of Scaffolding Proteins in the Regulation of TRPC-Dependent Calcium Entry. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2016; 898:379-403. [PMID: 27161237 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-319-26974-0_16] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/06/2022]
Abstract
Plasma membrane ion channels, and in particular TRPC channels need a specific membrane environment and association with scaffolding, signaling, and cytoskeleton proteins in order to play their important functional role. The molecular composition of TRPC channels is an important factor in determining channel activation mechanisms. TRPC proteins are incorporated in macromolecular complexes including several key Ca(2 +) signaling proteins as well as proteins involved in vesicle trafficking, cytoskeletal interactions, and scaffolding. Evidence has been provided for association of TRPC with calmodulin (CaM), IP3R, PMCA, Gq/11, RhoA, and a variety of scaffolding proteins. The interaction between TRPC channels with adaptor proteins, determines their mode of regulation as well as their cellular localization and function. Adaptor proteins do not display any enzymatic activity but act as scaffold for the building of signaling complexes. The scaffolding proteins are involved in the assembling of these Ca(2+) signaling complexes, the correct sub-cellular localization of protein partners, and the regulation of the TRPC channelosome. In particular, these proteins, via their multiple protein-protein interaction motifs, can interact with various ion channels involved in the transmembrane potential, and membrane excitability. Scaffolding proteins are key components for the functional organization of TRPC channelosomes that serves as a platform regulating slow Ca(2+) entry, spatially and temporally controlled [Ca(2+)]i signals and Ca(2+) -dependent cellular functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bruno Constantin
- Laboratory STIM, ERL-7368 CNRS-Université de Poitiers, 1, rue Georges Bonnet, Bat. B36, Pôle Biologie-Santé, 86000, Poitiers, France.
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26
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Iasevoli F, Buonaguro EF, Sarappa C, Marmo F, Latte G, Rossi R, Eramo A, Tomasetti C, de Bartolomeis A. Regulation of postsynaptic plasticity genes' expression and topography by sustained dopamine perturbation and modulation by acute memantine: relevance to schizophrenia. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2014; 54:299-314. [PMID: 25025505 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2014.07.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/03/2014] [Revised: 06/26/2014] [Accepted: 07/03/2014] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
A relevant role for dopamine-glutamate interaction has been reported in the pathophysiology and treatment of psychoses. Dopamine and glutamate may interact at multiple levels, including the glutamatergic postsynaptic density (PSD), an electron-dense thickening that has gained recent attention as a switchboard of dopamine-glutamate interactions and for its role in synaptic plasticity. Recently, glutamate-based strategies, such as memantine add-on to antipsychotics, have been proposed for refractory symptoms of schizophrenia, e.g. cognitive impairment. Both antipsychotics and memantine regulate PSD transcripts but sparse information is available on memantine's effects under dopamine perturbation. We tested gene expression changes of the Homer1 and PSD-95 PSD proteins in models of sustained dopamine perturbation, i.e. subchronic treatment by: a) GBR-12909, a dopamine receptor indirect agonist; b) haloperidol, a D2R antagonist; c) SCH-23390, a dopamine D1 receptor (D1R) antagonist; and d) SCH-23390+haloperidol. On the last day of treatment, rats were acutely treated with vehicle or memantine. The Homer1a immediate-early gene was significantly induced by haloperidol and by haloperidol+SCH-23390. The gene was not induced by SCH-23390 per se or by GBR-12909. Expression of the constitutive genes Homer1b/c and PSD-95 was less affected by these dopaminergic paradigms. Acute memantine administration significantly increased Homer1a expression by the dopaminergic compounds used herein. Both haloperidol and haloperidol+SCH-23390 shifted Homer1a/Homer1b/c ratio of expression toward Homer1a. This pattern was sharpened by acute memantine. Dopaminergic compounds and acute memantine also differentially affected topographic distribution of gene expression and coordinated expression of Homer1a among cortical-subcortical regions. These results indicate that dopaminergic perturbations may affect glutamatergic signaling in different directions. Memantine may help partially revert dopamine-mediated glutamatergic dysfunctions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Felice Iasevoli
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, University School of Medicine "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Elisabetta F Buonaguro
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, University School of Medicine "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Chiara Sarappa
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, University School of Medicine "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Federica Marmo
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, University School of Medicine "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Gianmarco Latte
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, University School of Medicine "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Rodolfo Rossi
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, University School of Medicine "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Anna Eramo
- Medical Affairs & Phase IV Clinical Affairs, Lundbeck Pharmaceutical Services LLC, Deerfield, IL, United States
| | - Carmine Tomasetti
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, University School of Medicine "Federico II", Naples, Italy
| | - Andrea de Bartolomeis
- Laboratory of Molecular and Translational Psychiatry, Department of Neuroscience, University School of Medicine "Federico II", Naples, Italy.
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Nielsen N, Lindemann O, Schwab A. TRP channels and STIM/ORAI proteins: sensors and effectors of cancer and stroma cell migration. Br J Pharmacol 2014; 171:5524-40. [PMID: 24724725 DOI: 10.1111/bph.12721] [Citation(s) in RCA: 42] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/25/2013] [Revised: 03/24/2014] [Accepted: 04/03/2014] [Indexed: 01/05/2023] Open
Abstract
UNLABELLED Cancer cells are strongly influenced by host cells within the tumour stroma and vice versa. This leads to the development of a tumour microenvironment with distinct physical and chemical properties that are permissive for tumour progression. The ability to migrate plays a central role in this mutual interaction. Migration of cancer cells is considered as a prerequisite for tumour metastasis and the migration of host stromal cells is required for reaching the tumour site. Increasing evidence suggests that transient receptor potential (TRP) channels and STIM/ORAI proteins affect key calcium-dependent mechanisms implicated in both cancer and stroma cell migration. These include, among others, cytoskeletal remodelling, growth factor/cytokine signalling and production, and adaptation to tumour microenvironmental properties such as hypoxia and oxidative stress. In this review, we will summarize the current knowledge regarding TRP channels and STIM/ORAI proteins in cancer and stroma cell migration. We focus on how TRP channel or STIM/ORAI-mediated Ca(2+) signalling directly or indirectly influences cancer and stroma cell migration by affecting the above listed mechanisms. LINKED ARTICLES This article is part of a themed section on Cytoskeleton, Extracellular Matrix, Cell Migration, Wound Healing and Related Topics. To view the other articles in this section visit http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/bph.2014.171.issue-24.
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Affiliation(s)
- N Nielsen
- Institute of Physiology II, University of Münster, Münster, Germany
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28
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Hervé JC. Reciprocal influences between cell cytoskeleton and membrane channels, receptors and transporters. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA-BIOMEMBRANES 2014; 1838:511-3. [PMID: 24373689 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbamem.2013.10.014] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/12/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Jean-Claude Hervé
- Institut de Physiologie et Biologie Cellulaires, FRE 3511, CNRS, Université de Poitiers, PBS, Bât: B36 - 1 rue Georges Bonnet, 86022 POITIERS Cédex, France
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