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Yao H, Shi H, Jiang C, Fan M, Zhang Y, Qian W, Lin R. L-Fucose promotes enteric nervous system regeneration in type 1 diabetic mice by inhibiting SMAD2 signaling pathway in enteric neural precursor cells. Cell Commun Signal 2023; 21:273. [PMID: 37798789 PMCID: PMC10552466 DOI: 10.1186/s12964-023-01311-0] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/07/2023] [Accepted: 09/08/2023] [Indexed: 10/07/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Diabetes can lead to extensive damage to the enteric nervous system (ENS), causing gastrointestinal motility disorders. However, there is currently a lack of effective treatments for diabetes-induced ENS damage. Enteric neural precursor cells (ENPCs) closely regulate the structural and functional integrity of the ENS. L-Fucose, is a dietary sugar that has been showed to effectively ameliorate central nervous system injuries, but its potential for ameliorating ENS damage and the involvement of ENPCs in this process remains uncertain. METHODS Genetically engineered mice were generated for lineage tracing of ENPCs in vivo. Using diabetic mice in vivo and high glucose-treated primary ENPCs in vitro, the effects of L-Fucose on the injured ENS and ENPCs was evaluated by assessing gastrointestinal motility, ENS structure, and the differentiation of ENPCs. The key signaling pathways in regulating neurogenesis and neural precursor cells properties, transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) and its downstream signaling pathways were further examined to clarify the potential mechanism of L-Fucose on the injured ENS and ENPCs. RESULTS L-Fucose improved gastrointestinal motility in diabetic mice, including increased defecation frequency (p < 0.05), reduced total gastrointestinal transmission time (p < 0.001) and bead expulsion time (p < 0.05), as well as enhanced spontaneous contractility and electric field stimulation-induced contraction response in isolated colonic muscle strips (p < 0.001). The decrease in the number of neurons and glial cells in the ENS of diabetic mice were reversed by L-Fucose treatment. More importantly, L-Fucose treatment significantly promoted the proportion of ENPCs differentiated into neurons and glial cells both in vitro and in vivo, accompanied by inhibiting SMAD2 phosphorylation. CONCLUSIONS L-Fucose could promote neurogenesis and gliogenesis derived from ENPCs by inhibiting the SMAD2 signaling, thus facilitating ENS regeneration and gastrointestinal motility recovery in type 1 diabetic mice. Video Abstract.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hailing Yao
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Huiying Shi
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Chen Jiang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Mengke Fan
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Yurui Zhang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Wei Qian
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China
| | - Rong Lin
- Department of Gastroenterology, Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, 430022, China.
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Olude MA, Mouihate A, Mustapha OA, Farina C, Quintana FJ, Olopade JO. Astrocytes and Microglia in Stress-Induced Neuroinflammation: The African Perspective. Front Immunol 2022; 13:795089. [PMID: 35707531 PMCID: PMC9190229 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.795089] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/14/2021] [Accepted: 04/13/2022] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background: Africa is laden with a youthful population, vast mineral resources and rich fauna. However, decades of unfortunate historical, sociocultural and leadership challenges make the continent a hotspot for poverty, indoor and outdoor pollutants with attendant stress factors such as violence, malnutrition, infectious outbreaks and psychological perturbations. The burden of these stressors initiate neuroinflammatory responses but the pattern and mechanisms of glial activation in these scenarios are yet to be properly elucidated. Africa is therefore most vulnerable to neurological stressors when placed against a backdrop of demographics that favor explosive childbearing, a vast population of unemployed youths making up a projected 42% of global youth population by 2030, repressive sociocultural policies towards women, poor access to healthcare, malnutrition, rapid urbanization, climate change and pollution. Early life stress, whether physical or psychological, induces neuroinflammatory response in developing nervous system and consequently leads to the emergence of mental health problems during adulthood. Brain inflammatory response is driven largely by inflammatory mediators released by glial cells; namely astrocytes and microglia. These inflammatory mediators alter the developmental trajectory of fetal and neonatal brain and results in long-lasting maladaptive behaviors and cognitive deficits. This review seeks to highlight the patterns and mechanisms of stressors such as poverty, developmental stress, environmental pollutions as well as malnutrition stress on astrocytes and microglia in neuroinflammation within the African context.
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Affiliation(s)
- Matthew Ayokunle Olude
- Vertebrate Morphology, Environmental Toxicology and Neuroscience Unit, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
- *Correspondence: Matthew Ayokunle Olude,
| | - Abdeslam Mouihate
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Oluwaseun Ahmed Mustapha
- Vertebrate Morphology, Environmental Toxicology and Neuroscience Unit, College of Veterinary Medicine, Federal University of Agriculture, Abeokuta, Nigeria
| | - Cinthia Farina
- Istituto di Ricovero e Cura a Carattere Scientifico (IRCSS) San Raffaele Scientific Institute, Institute of Experimental Neurology (INSPE) and Division of Neuroscience, Milan, Italy
| | - Francisco Javier Quintana
- Ann Romney Center for Neurologic Diseases, Brigham and Women’s Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, United States
| | - James Olukayode Olopade
- Neuroscience Unit, Department of Veterinary Anatomy, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, University of Ibadan, Ibadan, Nigeria
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Santos LS, Cordeiro GS, Matos RJB, Perez GS, Silva RT, Boaventura GT, Barreto-Medeiros JM. High-fat diet promotes hypothalamic inflammation in animal models: a systematic review. Nutr Rev 2021; 80:392-399. [PMID: 34010412 DOI: 10.1093/nutrit/nuab033] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
CONTEXT Hypothalamic inflammation and dysfunction may be induced by high-fat diets. However, the mechanisms involved in this process have not been fully elucidated. OBJECTIVE To evidence, in animal models, of how a high-fat diet influence the mechanisms involved in hypothalamic inflammation. DATA SOURCES Scopus, PubMed/Medline, Web of Science, Science Direct, and Embase databases were searched. DATA EXTRACTION The exclusion criteria were human studies, studies with medicinal products or other substances not related to food, paper reviews, studies that used a surgical intervention or an intervention with food to reverse hypothalamic inflammation, and studies with genetically modified animals. The identified studies were evaluated according to the following inclusion criteria: animal studies, studies in which a control group was included in the experimental design, and studies in which markers of inflammation in the hypothalamus were evaluated. DATA ANALYSIS A total of 322 studies were found, of which 9 met the inclusion criteria for a systematic review, conducted in accordance with the PRISMA guidelines, and were included in this review. CONCLUSION The exposure of rodents to high-fat diets promoted an increase in levels of several pro-inflammatory cytokines and other proteins involved in the inflammatory process in the hypothalamus. This process was associated with increased glial cell activity.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lucimeire S Santos
- L.S. Santos, G.S. Cordeiro, G.S. Perez, R.T. Silva, and J.M. Barreto-Medeiros are of the Graduate Program of Foods, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil. R.J.B. Matos is of the Department of Physical Education and Science of Sport, Academic Center of Vitoria de Santo Antão, Federal University of Pernambuco, Brazil. G.T. Boaventura is of the Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gabriele S Cordeiro
- L.S. Santos, G.S. Cordeiro, G.S. Perez, R.T. Silva, and J.M. Barreto-Medeiros are of the Graduate Program of Foods, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil. R.J.B. Matos is of the Department of Physical Education and Science of Sport, Academic Center of Vitoria de Santo Antão, Federal University of Pernambuco, Brazil. G.T. Boaventura is of the Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rhowena J B Matos
- L.S. Santos, G.S. Cordeiro, G.S. Perez, R.T. Silva, and J.M. Barreto-Medeiros are of the Graduate Program of Foods, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil. R.J.B. Matos is of the Department of Physical Education and Science of Sport, Academic Center of Vitoria de Santo Antão, Federal University of Pernambuco, Brazil. G.T. Boaventura is of the Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gabriela S Perez
- L.S. Santos, G.S. Cordeiro, G.S. Perez, R.T. Silva, and J.M. Barreto-Medeiros are of the Graduate Program of Foods, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil. R.J.B. Matos is of the Department of Physical Education and Science of Sport, Academic Center of Vitoria de Santo Antão, Federal University of Pernambuco, Brazil. G.T. Boaventura is of the Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Rafael T Silva
- L.S. Santos, G.S. Cordeiro, G.S. Perez, R.T. Silva, and J.M. Barreto-Medeiros are of the Graduate Program of Foods, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil. R.J.B. Matos is of the Department of Physical Education and Science of Sport, Academic Center of Vitoria de Santo Antão, Federal University of Pernambuco, Brazil. G.T. Boaventura is of the Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Gilson T Boaventura
- L.S. Santos, G.S. Cordeiro, G.S. Perez, R.T. Silva, and J.M. Barreto-Medeiros are of the Graduate Program of Foods, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil. R.J.B. Matos is of the Department of Physical Education and Science of Sport, Academic Center of Vitoria de Santo Antão, Federal University of Pernambuco, Brazil. G.T. Boaventura is of the Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
| | - Jairza M Barreto-Medeiros
- L.S. Santos, G.S. Cordeiro, G.S. Perez, R.T. Silva, and J.M. Barreto-Medeiros are of the Graduate Program of Foods, Nutrition and Health, Department of Nutrition, Federal University of Bahia, Salvador, Brazil. R.J.B. Matos is of the Department of Physical Education and Science of Sport, Academic Center of Vitoria de Santo Antão, Federal University of Pernambuco, Brazil. G.T. Boaventura is of the Department of Nutrition and Dietetics, Fluminense Federal University, Niteroi, Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
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Martino D, Johnson I, Leckman JF. What Does Immunology Have to Do With Normal Brain Development and the Pathophysiology Underlying Tourette Syndrome and Related Neuropsychiatric Disorders? Front Neurol 2020; 11:567407. [PMID: 33041996 PMCID: PMC7525089 DOI: 10.3389/fneur.2020.567407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2020] [Accepted: 08/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Objective: The goal of this article is to review the past decade's literature and provide a critical commentary on the involvement of immunological mechanisms in normal brain development, as well as its role in the pathophysiology of Tourette syndrome, other Chronic tic disorders (CTD), and related neuropsychiatric disorders including Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) and Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). Methods: We conducted a literature search using the Medline/PubMed and EMBASE electronic databases to locate relevant articles and abstracts published between 2009 and 2020, using a comprehensive list of search terms related to immune mechanisms and the diseases of interest, including both clinical and animal model studies. Results: The cellular and molecular processes that constitute our "immune system" are crucial to normal brain development and the formation and maintenance of neural circuits. It is also increasingly evident that innate and adaptive systemic immune pathways, as well as neuroinflammatory mechanisms, play an important role in the pathobiology of at least a subset of individuals with Tourette syndrome and related neuropsychiatric disorders In the conceptual framework of the holobiont theory, emerging evidence points also to the importance of the "microbiota-gut-brain axis" in the pathobiology of these neurodevelopmental disorders. Conclusions: Neural development is an enormously complex and dynamic process. Immunological pathways are implicated in several early neurodevelopmental processes including the formation and refinement of neural circuits. Hyper-reactivity of systemic immune pathways and neuroinflammation may contribute to the natural fluctuations of the core behavioral features of CTD, OCD, and ADHD. There is still limited knowledge of the efficacy of direct and indirect (i.e., through environmental modifications) immune-modulatory interventions in the treatment of these disorders. Future research also needs to focus on the key molecular pathways through which dysbiosis of different tissue microbiota influence neuroimmune interactions in these disorders, and how microbiota modification could modify their natural history. It is also possible that valid biomarkers will emerge that will guide a more personalized approach to the treatment of these disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Davide Martino
- Department of Clinical Neurosciences & Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Isaac Johnson
- Child Study Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
- Department of Psychiatry, University of California, San Francisco, San Francisco, CA, United States
| | - James F. Leckman
- Child Study Center, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
- Departments of Psychiatry, Pediatrics and Psychology, Yale University, New Haven, CT, United States
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5
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Liang M, Zhong H, Rong J, Li Y, Zhu C, Zhou L, Zhou R. Postnatal Lipopolysaccharide Exposure Impairs Adult Neurogenesis and Causes Depression-like Behaviors Through Astrocytes Activation Triggering GABAA Receptor Downregulation. Neuroscience 2019; 422:21-31. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.10.025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2019] [Revised: 09/30/2019] [Accepted: 10/14/2019] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
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6
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Sarkar T, Patro N, Patro IK. Cumulative multiple early life hits- a potent threat leading to neurological disorders. Brain Res Bull 2019; 147:58-68. [DOI: 10.1016/j.brainresbull.2019.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/01/2018] [Revised: 01/31/2019] [Accepted: 02/08/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
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7
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Berkiks I, Garcia-Segura L, Nassiri A, Mesfioui A, Ouichou A, Boulbaroud S, Bahbiti Y, Lopez-Rodriguez A, Hasnaoui E, El Hessni A. The sex differences of the behavior response to early Life immune stimulation: Microglia and astrocytes involvement. Physiol Behav 2019; 199:386-394. [DOI: 10.1016/j.physbeh.2018.11.037] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/24/2018] [Revised: 10/20/2018] [Accepted: 11/28/2018] [Indexed: 01/01/2023]
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8
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Mouihate A, Kalakh S, AlMutairi R, Alashqar A. Prenatal Inflammation Dampens Neurogenesis and Enhances Serotonin Transporter Expression in the Hippocampus of Adult Female Rats. Med Princ Pract 2019; 28:352-360. [PMID: 30884483 PMCID: PMC6639577 DOI: 10.1159/000499658] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/30/2018] [Accepted: 03/18/2019] [Indexed: 02/01/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND/AIMS Prenatal exposure to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) dampens hippocampal neurogenesis. This effect is associated with increased anxiety-like behavior in adult offspring. Furthermore, blocking serotonin transporters (SERT) promotes adult neurogenesis. Previous studies were performed largely in males. Therefore, we explored the impact of prenatal LPS on neurogenesis, SERT expression in the hippocampus, and anxiety-like behavior in female rats during prepubertal and adulthood stages. MATERIALS AND METHODS Timed pregnant rats were injected with either saline or LPS (100 µg/kg, i.p.) on gestational days 15, 17, and 19. Newly born neurons were monitored by immunohistochemistry, and anxiety-like behavior was monitored using the elevated plus maze and open-field test. SERT expression in the hippocampus was assessed by Western blot and immunofluorescence. RESULTS Prenatal LPS led to reduced hippocampal neurogenesis in adult but not in prepubertal female offspring. This reduced neurogenesis was associated with enhanced hippocampal expression of SERT protein. However, there was no significant impact of prenatal LPS on anxiety-like behavior. CONCLUSIONS Prenatal LPS-induced reduction in neurogenesis was dissociated from anxiety-like behavior in adult female rats. Furthermore, the long-lasting impact of prenatal LPS on neurogenesis in female offspring was age-dependent.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdeslam Mouihate
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait,
| | - Samah Kalakh
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Rawan AlMutairi
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
| | - Abdelrahman Alashqar
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Kuwait University, Kuwait City, Kuwait
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Yao J, Zhang X, Li J, Zhao D, Gao B, Zhou H, Gao S, Zhang L. Silencing TRIP13 inhibits cell growth and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma by activating of TGF-β1/smad3. Cancer Cell Int 2018; 18:208. [PMID: 30564064 PMCID: PMC6296061 DOI: 10.1186/s12935-018-0704-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/28/2018] [Accepted: 12/11/2018] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Background TRIP13 is highly expressed in several cancers and is closely connected with cancer progression. However, its roles on the growth and metastasis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC), and the underlying mechanism are still unclear. Methods Combining bioinformatics with previous studies, the correlation between TRIP13 and HCC was predicted. TRIP13 expressions from 52 HCC patients and several cell lines were determined. The effects of silencing TRIP13 on cell viability, apoptosis, migration and invasion were respectively detected using CCK-8, flow cytometry and Transwell. qRT-PCR and western blot were performed to reveal associated mechanism. A HCC model was established in BALB/c-nu mice by transplanting HepG2 cells. TRIP13 protein expression and apoptosis in mice tissues were accordingly detected by Immunohistochemistry and TUNEL. Results High expression of TRIP13 in HCC affected the survival rate and it was enriched in RNA degradation and fatty acid metabolism according to bioinformatics and prediction from previous literature. Increased expression of TRIP13 in HCC patient tissues was associated with the progression of HCC. Silencing TRIP13 inhibited cell viability, migration and invasion, and induced cell apoptosis. TRIP13 knockdown also suppressed the formation of tumor in vivo. Meanwhile, silencing TRIP13 decreased the expressions of Ki67 and MMP-2 and increased the expressions of TIMP-2, active-caspase-3 and TGF-β1/smad3 signaling- related genes. Conclusions Silencing TRIP13 acts as a tumor suppresser of HCC to repress cell growth and metastasis in vitro and in vivo, and such a phenomenon possibly involved activation of TGF-β1/smad3 signaling.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jianning Yao
- 1Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 East Jianshe Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China
| | - Xuexiu Zhang
- 1Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 East Jianshe Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China
| | - Jiaheng Li
- 2Reproductive Medicine Department, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.7 Kangfuqian Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China
| | - Dongyao Zhao
- 1Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 East Jianshe Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China
| | - Bing Gao
- 1Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 East Jianshe Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China
| | - Haining Zhou
- 1Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 East Jianshe Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China
| | - Shilin Gao
- 1Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 East Jianshe Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China
| | - Lianfeng Zhang
- 1Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, No.1 East Jianshe Road, Erqi District, Zhengzhou, 450052 Henan China
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Lin W, Hsuan YCY, Lin MT, Kuo TW, Lin CH, Su YC, Niu KC, Chang CP, Lin HJ. Human Umbilical Cord Mesenchymal Stem Cells Preserve Adult Newborn Neurons and Reduce Neurological Injury after Cerebral Ischemia by Reducing the Number of Hypertrophic Microglia/Macrophages. Cell Transplant 2018; 26:1798-1810. [PMID: 29338384 PMCID: PMC5784525 DOI: 10.1177/0963689717728936] [Citation(s) in RCA: 26] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Microglia are the first source of a neuroinflammatory cascade, which seems to be involved in every phase of stroke-related neuronal damage. Two weeks after transient middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), vehicle-treated rats displayed higher numbers of total ionized calcium-binding adaptor molecule 1 (Iba-1)-positive cells, greater cell body areas of Iba-1-positive cells, and higher numbers of hypertrophic Iba-1-positive cells (with a cell body area over 80 μm2) in the ipsilateral ischemic brain regions including the frontal cortex, striatum, and parietal cortex. In addition, MCAO decreased the number of migrating neuroblasts (or DCX- and 5-ethynyl-2′-deoxyuridine-positive cells) in the cortex, subventricular zone, and hippocampus of the ischemic brain, followed by neurological injury (including brain infarct and neurological deficits). Intravenous administration of human umbilical cord–derived mesenchymal stem cells (hUC-MSCs; 1 × 106 or 4 × 106) at 24 h after MCAO reduced neurological injury, decreased the number of hypertrophic microglia/macrophages, and increased the number of newborn neurons in rat brains. Thus, the accumulation of hypertrophic microglia/macrophages seems to be detrimental to neurogenesis after stroke. Treatment with hUC-MSCs preserved adult newborn neurons and reduced functional impairment after transient cerebral ischemia by reducing the number of hypertrophic microglia/macrophages.
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Affiliation(s)
- Willie Lin
- 1 Meridigen Biotech Co., Ltd., Neihu, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | | | - Mao-Tsun Lin
- 2 Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Ting-Wei Kuo
- 3 Department of Biotechnology, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | | | - Yu-Chin Su
- 1 Meridigen Biotech Co., Ltd., Neihu, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Ko-Chi Niu
- 4 Department of Hyperbaric Oxygen, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan City, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Ping Chang
- 2 Department of Medical Research, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan City, Taiwan.,3 Department of Biotechnology, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan City, Taiwan.,5 The Ph.D. Program for Neural Regenerative Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei City, Taiwan
| | - Hung-Jung Lin
- 3 Department of Biotechnology, Southern Taiwan University of Science and Technology, Tainan City, Taiwan.,6 Department of Emergency Medicine, Chi Mei Medical Center, Tainan City, Taiwan
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11
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Weise SC, Villarreal A, Heidrich S, Dehghanian F, Schachtrup C, Nestel S, Schwarz J, Thedieck K, Vogel T. TGFβ-Signaling and FOXG1-Expression Are a Hallmark of Astrocyte Lineage Diversity in the Murine Ventral and Dorsal Forebrain. Front Cell Neurosci 2018; 12:448. [PMID: 30555301 PMCID: PMC6282056 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2018.00448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2018] [Accepted: 11/07/2018] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Heterogeneous astrocyte populations are defined by diversity in cellular environment, progenitor identity or function. Yet, little is known about the extent of the heterogeneity and how this diversity is acquired during development. To investigate the impact of TGF (transforming growth factor) β-signaling on astrocyte development in the telencephalon we deleted the TGFBR2 (transforming growth factor beta receptor 2) in early neural progenitor cells in mice using a FOXG1 (forkhead box G1)-driven CRE-recombinase. We used quantitative proteomics to characterize TGFBR2-deficient cells derived from the mouse telencephalon and identified differential protein expression of the astrocyte proteins GFAP (glial fibrillary acidic protein) and MFGE8 (milk fat globule-EGF factor 8). Biochemical and histological investigations revealed distinct populations of astrocytes in the dorsal and ventral telencephalon marked by GFAP or MFGE8 protein expression. The two subtypes differed in their response to TGFβ-signaling. Impaired TGFβ-signaling affected numbers of GFAP astrocytes in the ventral telencephalon. In contrast, TGFβ reduced MFGE8-expression in astrocytes deriving from both regions. Additionally, lineage tracing revealed that both GFAP and MFGE8 astrocyte subtypes derived partly from FOXG1-expressing neural precursor cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Stefan Christopher Weise
- Department of Molecular Embryology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Alejandro Villarreal
- Department of Molecular Embryology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Stefanie Heidrich
- Department of Molecular Embryology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Fariba Dehghanian
- Department of Molecular Embryology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Division of Genetics, Department of Biology, Faculty of Sciences, University of Isfahan, Isfahan, Iran
| | - Christian Schachtrup
- Department of Molecular Embryology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Sigrun Nestel
- Department of Neuroanatomy, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Jennifer Schwarz
- Department of Biochemistry and Functional Proteomics, Faculty of Biology, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany.,Spemann Graduate School of Biology and Medicine, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
| | - Kathrin Thedieck
- Section of Systems Medicine of Metabolism and Signaling, Department of Pediatrics and University Medical Center Groningen, University of Groningen, Groningen, Netherlands.,Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine and Health Sciences, Carl von Ossietzky University of Oldenburg, Oldenburg, Germany
| | - Tanja Vogel
- Department of Molecular Embryology, Institute of Anatomy and Cell Biology, Medical Faculty, University of Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany
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Dehghani R, Rahmani F, Rezaei N. MicroRNA in Alzheimer's disease revisited: implications for major neuropathological mechanisms. Rev Neurosci 2018; 29:161-182. [PMID: 28941357 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2017-0042] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/20/2017] [Accepted: 07/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022]
Abstract
Pathology of Alzheimer's disease (AD) goes far beyond neurotoxicity resulting from extracellular deposition of amyloid β (Aβ) plaques. Aberrant cleavage of amyloid precursor protein and accumulation of Aβ in the form of the plaque or neurofibrillary tangles are the known primary culprits of AD pathogenesis and target for various regulatory mechanisms. Hyper-phosphorylation of tau, a major component of neurofibrillary tangles, precipitates its aggregation and prevents its clearance. Lipid particles, apolipoproteins and lipoprotein receptors can act in favor or against Aβ and tau accumulation by altering neural membrane characteristics or dynamics of transport across the blood-brain barrier. Lipids also alter the oxidative/anti-oxidative milieu of the central nervous system (CNS). Irregular cell cycle regulation, mitochondrial stress and apoptosis, which follow both, are also implicated in AD-related neuronal loss. Dysfunction in synaptic transmission and loss of neural plasticity contribute to AD. Neuroinflammation is a final trail for many of the pathologic mechanisms while playing an active role in initiation of AD pathology. Alterations in the expression of microRNAs (miRNAs) in AD and their relevance to AD pathology have long been a focus of interest. Herein we focused on the precise pathomechanisms of AD in which miRNAs were implicated. We performed literature search through PubMed and Scopus using the search term: ('Alzheimer Disease') OR ('Alzheimer's Disease') AND ('microRNAs' OR 'miRNA' OR 'MiR') to reach for relevant articles. We show how a limited number of common dysregulated pathways and abnormal mechanisms are affected by various types of miRNAs in AD brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Reihaneh Dehghani
- Molecular Immunology Research Center, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1419783151, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Rahmani
- Students Scientific Research Center (SSRC), Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran
| | - Nima Rezaei
- Molecular Immunology Research Center, School of Medicine, Tehran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran 1419783151, Iran
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14
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Hester MS, Tulina N, Brown A, Barila G, Elovitz MA. Intrauterine inflammation reduces postnatal neurogenesis in the hippocampal subgranular zone and leads to accumulation of hilar ectopic granule cells. Brain Res 2018; 1685:51-59. [PMID: 29448014 PMCID: PMC5880291 DOI: 10.1016/j.brainres.2018.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/28/2017] [Revised: 01/04/2018] [Accepted: 02/02/2018] [Indexed: 01/09/2023]
Abstract
Prenatal inflammation is associated with poor neurobehavioral outcomes in exposed offspring. A common route of exposure for the fetus is intrauterine infection, which is often associated with preterm birth. Hippocampal development may be particularly vulnerable to an inflammatory insult during pregnancy as this region remains highly neurogenic both prenatally and postnatally. These studies sought to determine if intrauterine inflammation specifically altered hippocampal neurogenesis and migration of newly produced granule neurons during the early postnatal period. Microglial and astroglial cell populations known to play a role in the regulation of postnatal neurogenesis were also examined. We show that intrauterine inflammation significantly reduced hippocampal neurogenesis between postnatal days 7 (P7) and P14 as well as decreased granule cell density at P28. Ectopic migration of granule cells was observed in LPS-exposed mice at P14, but not at P28. Intrauterine inflammation had no effect on hippocampal astrocyte or microglia density or on apoptosis rate at the postnatal time points examined. Thus, exposure to intrauterine inflammation disrupts early postnatal neurogenesis and leads to aberrant migration of newly born granule cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michael S Hester
- Maternal and Child Health Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Natalia Tulina
- Maternal and Child Health Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA.
| | - Amy Brown
- Maternal and Child Health Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Guillermo Barila
- Maternal and Child Health Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
| | - Michal A Elovitz
- Maternal and Child Health Research Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Perelman School of Medicine at the University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA
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Musaelyan K, Aldridge S, Du Preez A, Egeland M, Zunszain PA, Pariante CM, Thuret S, Fernandes C. Repeated lipopolysaccharide exposure modifies immune and sickness behaviour response in an animal model of chronic inflammation. J Psychopharmacol 2018; 32:236-247. [PMID: 29338496 DOI: 10.1177/0269881117746902] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
Repeated lipopolysaccharide exposure is often used in longitudinal preclinical models of depression. However, the potential phenotypic differences from acute depression-mimicking effects are rarely described. This study compared chronic lipopolysaccharide administration of doses previously used in depression research to a new mode of escalating dose injections. Adult male BALB/c mice ( n=8/group) were injected intraperitoneally with either a single 0.83 mg/kg dose, a repeated 0.1 mg/kg lipopolysaccharide dose or a dose which escalated weekly from 0.33 to 0.83 mg/kg lipopolysaccharide for six weeks. The escalating lipopolysaccharide group demonstrated most features of sickness behaviour such as weight loss and reduction in food intake every week, whilst this effect was not sustained in other groups. Moreover, only in the escalating lipopolysaccharide group did most peripheral plasma cytokines levels, measured using Luminex multiplex technology, such as interleukin-6, tumour necrosis factor α and interleukin-2 remain over three-fold elevated on the sixth week. In addition, exposure to escalating doses led to a reduction of neuroblast maturation in the dentate gyrus relevant for depression neurobiology. Therefore, this mode of injections might be useful in the studies attempting to replicate neurobiological aspects of the chronic inflammatory state observed in mood disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ksenia Musaelyan
- 1 Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK.,3 MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Steven Aldridge
- 1 Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Andrea Du Preez
- 2 Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Martin Egeland
- 2 Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Patricia A Zunszain
- 2 Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Carmine M Pariante
- 2 Department of Psychological Medicine, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Sandrine Thuret
- 1 Department of Basic and Clinical Neuroscience, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
| | - Cathy Fernandes
- 3 MRC Social, Genetic and Developmental Psychiatry Centre, Institute of Psychiatry, Psychology and Neuroscience, King's College London, London, UK
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16
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Gharagozloo M, Gris KV, Mahvelati T, Amrani A, Lukens JR, Gris D. NLR-Dependent Regulation of Inflammation in Multiple Sclerosis. Front Immunol 2018; 8:2012. [PMID: 29403486 PMCID: PMC5778124 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2017.02012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 54] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/27/2017] [Accepted: 12/28/2017] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune disease of the central nervous system (CNS) associated with inappropriate activation of lymphocytes, hyperinflammatory responses, demyelination, and neuronal damage. In the past decade, a number of biological immunomodulators have been developed that suppress the peripheral immune responses and slow down the progression of the disease. However, once the inflammation of the CNS has commenced, it can cause serious permanent neuronal damage. Therefore, there is a need for developing novel therapeutic approaches that control and regulate inflammatory responses within the CNS. Nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptors (NLRs) are intracellular regulators of inflammation expressed by many cell types within the CNS. They redirect multiple signaling pathways initiated by pathogens and molecules released by injured tissues. NLR family members include positive regulators of inflammation, such as NLRP3 and NLRC4 and anti-inflammatory NLRs, such as NLRX1 and NLRP12. They exert immunomodulatory effect at the level of peripheral immune responses, including antigen recognition and lymphocyte activation and differentiation. Also, NLRs regulate tissue inflammatory responses. Understanding the molecular mechanisms that are placed at the crossroad of innate and adaptive immune responses, such as NLR-dependent pathways, could lead to the discovery of new therapeutic targets. In this review, we provide a summary of the role of NLRs in the pathogenesis of MS. We also summarize how anti-inflammatory NLRs regulate the immune response within the CNS. Finally, we speculate the therapeutic potential of targeting NLRs in MS.
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Affiliation(s)
- Marjan Gharagozloo
- Program of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, CR-CHUS, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Katsiaryna V. Gris
- Program of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, CR-CHUS, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Tara Mahvelati
- Program of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, CR-CHUS, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - Abdelaziz Amrani
- Program of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, CR-CHUS, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
| | - John R. Lukens
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia, Department of Neuroscience, School of Medicine, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, VA, United States
| | - Denis Gris
- Program of Immunology, Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences, Department of Pediatrics, CR-CHUS, University of Sherbrooke, Sherbrooke, QC, Canada
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Chen JJ, Wang T, An CD, Jiang CY, Zhao J, Li S. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor: a mediator of inflammation-associated neurogenesis in Alzheimer's disease. Rev Neurosci 2018; 27:793-811. [PMID: 27508959 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2016-0017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 24] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/11/2016] [Accepted: 05/29/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022]
Abstract
In early- or late-onset Alzheimer's disease (AD), inflammation, which is triggered by pathologic conditions, influences the progression of neurodegeneration. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) has emerged as a crucial mediator of neurogenesis, because it exhibits a remarkable activity-dependent regulation of expression, which suggests that it may link inflammation to neurogenesis. Emerging evidence suggests that acute and chronic inflammation in AD differentially modulates neurotrophin functions, which are related to the roles of inflammation in neuroprotection and neurodegeneration. Recent studies also indicate novel mechanisms of BDNF-mediated neuroprotection, including the modulation of autophagy. Numerous research studies have demonstrated reverse parallel alterations between proinflammatory cytokines and BDNF during neurodegeneration; thus, we hypothesize that one mechanism that underlies the negative impact of chronic inflammation on neurogenesis is the reduction of BDNF production and function by proinflammatory cytokines.
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Gómez Pinto LI, Rodríguez D, Adamo AM, Mathieu PA. TGF-β pro-oligodendrogenic effects on adult SVZ progenitor cultures and its interaction with the Notch signaling pathway. Glia 2017; 66:396-412. [PMID: 29076551 DOI: 10.1002/glia.23253] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/05/2017] [Revised: 09/27/2017] [Accepted: 10/09/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
Adult neural progenitor cells (NPCs) are capable of differentiating into neurons, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes throughout life. Notch and transforming growth factor β1 (TGF-β) signaling pathways play critical roles in controlling these cell fate decisions. TGF-β has been previously shown to exert pro-neurogenic effects on hippocampal and subventricular zone (SVZ) NPCs in vitro and to interact with Notch in different cellular types. Therefore, the aim of our work was to study the effect of TGF-β on adult rat brain SVZ NPC glial commitment and its interaction with Notch signaling. Initial cell characterization revealed a large proportion of Olig2+, Nestin+, and glial fibrillary acidic protein (GFAP+) cells, a low percentage of platelet-derived growth factor receptor α (PDGFRα+) or NG2+ cells, and <1% Tuj1+ cells. Immunocytochemical analyses showed a significant increase in the percentage of PDGFRα+, NG2+, and GFAP+ cells upon four-day TGF-β treatment, which demonstrates the pro-gliogenic effect of this growth factor on adult brain SVZ NPCs. Real-time polymerase chain reaction analyses showed that TGF-β induced the expression of Notch ligand Jagged1 and downstream gene Hes1. Notch signaling inhibition in cultures treated with TGF-β produced a decrease in the proportion of PDGFRα+ cells, while TGF-β receptor II (TβRII) inhibition also rendered a decrease in the proportion of PDGFRα+ cells, concomitantly with a decrease in Jagged1 levels. These findings demonstrate the participation of Notch signaling in TGF-β effects and illustrate the impact of TGF-β on glial cell fate decisions of adult brain SVZ NPCs, as well as on oligodendroglial progenitor cell proliferation and maturation.
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Affiliation(s)
- Laura I Gómez Pinto
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, CABA, C1113AAD, Argentina
| | - Debora Rodríguez
- Departamento de Ciencias Básicas, Universidad Nacional de Luján, Ruta 5 and Av Constitución, 6700, Luján, Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ana M Adamo
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, CABA, C1113AAD, Argentina
| | - Patricia A Mathieu
- Departamento de Química Biológica, Facultad de Farmacia y Bioquímica, Universidad de Buenos Aires, Junín 956, CABA, C1113AAD, Argentina
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Maternal inflammation induces immune activation of fetal microglia and leads to disrupted microglia immune responses, behavior, and learning performance in adulthood. Neurobiol Dis 2017; 106:291-300. [PMID: 28751257 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2017.07.017] [Citation(s) in RCA: 72] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2017] [Revised: 06/25/2017] [Accepted: 07/19/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Maternal inflammation during pregnancy can have detrimental effects on embryonic development that persist during adulthood. However, the underlying mechanisms and insights in the responsible cell types are still largely unknown. Here we report the effect of maternal inflammation on fetal microglia, the innate immune cells of the central nervous system (CNS). In mice, a challenge with LPS during late gestation stages (days 15-16-17) induced a pro-inflammatory response in fetal microglia. Adult whole brain microglia of mice that were exposed to LPS during embryonic development displayed a persistent reduction in pro-inflammatory activation in response to a re-challenge with LPS. In contrast, hippocampal microglia of these mice displayed an increased inflammatory response to an LPS re-challenge. In addition, a reduced expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was observed in hippocampal microglia of LPS-offspring. Microglia-derived BDNF has been shown to be important for learning and memory processes. In line with these observations, behavioral- and learning tasks with mice that were exposed to maternal inflammation revealed reduced home cage activity, reduced anxiety and reduced learning performance in a T-maze. These data show that exposure to maternal inflammation during late gestation results in long term changes in microglia responsiveness during adulthood, which is different in nature in hippocampus compared to total brain microglia.
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20
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Cesar HC, Pisani LP. Fatty-acid-mediated hypothalamic inflammation and epigenetic programming. J Nutr Biochem 2017; 42:1-6. [DOI: 10.1016/j.jnutbio.2016.08.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2016] [Revised: 06/09/2016] [Accepted: 08/10/2016] [Indexed: 01/21/2023]
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21
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Salmina AB, Komleva YK, Lopatina OL, Kuvacheva NV, Gorina YV, Panina YA, Uspenskaya YA, Petrova MM, Demko IV, Zamay AS, Malinovskaya NA. Astroglial control of neuroinflammation: TLR3-mediated dsRNA-sensing pathways are in the focus. Rev Neurosci 2016; 26:143-59. [PMID: 25528762 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2014-0052] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/26/2014] [Accepted: 10/16/2014] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation is as an important component of pathogenesis in many types of brain pathology. Immune mechanisms regulate neuroplasticity, memory formation, neurogenesis, behavior, brain development, cognitive functions, and brain metabolism. It is generally believed that essential homeostatic functions of astrocytes - astroglia-neuron metabolic coupling, gliovascular control, regulation of proliferation, and migration of cells in the neurogenic niches - are compromised in neuroinflammation resulting in excitotoxicity, neuronal and glial cell death, and alterations of intercellular communication. Viral neuroinfection, release of non-coding RNAs from the cells at the sites of brain injury or degeneration, and application of siRNA or RNA aptamers as therapeutic agents would require dsRNA-sensing pathways in the cells of neuronal and non-neuronal origin. In this review, we analyze the data regarding the role of astrocytes in dsRNA-initiated innate immune response in neuroinflammation and their contribution to progression of neurodegenerative and neurodevelopmental pathology.
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22
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Mouihate A. Prenatal Activation of Toll-Like Receptor-4 Dampens Adult Hippocampal Neurogenesis in An IL-6 Dependent Manner. Front Cell Neurosci 2016; 10:173. [PMID: 27445700 PMCID: PMC4927660 DOI: 10.3389/fncel.2016.00173] [Citation(s) in RCA: 14] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/28/2016] [Accepted: 06/20/2016] [Indexed: 01/09/2023] Open
Abstract
Prenatal immune challenge has been associated with alteration in brain development and plasticity that last into adulthood. We have previously shown that prenatal activation of toll-like receptor 4 by lipopolysaccharide (LPS) induces IL-6-dependent STAT-3 signaling pathway in the fetal brain. Whether this IL-6-dependent activation of fetal brain results in long lasting impact in brain plasticity is still unknown. Furthermore, it has been shown that prenatal LPS heightens the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) response in adulthood. In the present study we tested whether LPS administration during pregnancy affects neurogenesis in adult male offspring. Because corticosterone, the end-product of HPA axis activity in rats, alters neurogenesis we tested whether this enhanced HPA axis responsiveness in adult male offspring played a role in the long lasting impact of LPS on neurogenesis during adulthood. Pregnant rats were given either LPS, or LPS and an IL-6 neutralizing antibody (IL-6Ab). The newly born neurons were monitored in the subventricular zone (SVZ) and the dentate gyrus (DG) of the hippocampus of adult male offspring by monitoring doublecortin and T-box brain protein-2 expression: two well-established markers of newly born neurons. Prenatal LPS decreased the number of newly born neurons in the DG, but not in the SVZ of adult offspring. This decreased number of newly born neurons in the DG was absent when IL-6Ab was co-injected with LPS during pregnancy. Furthermore, administration of a corticosterone receptor blocker, RU-486, to adult offspring blunted the prenatal LPS induced decrease in newly born neurons in the DG. These data suggest that maternally triggered IL-6 plays a crucial role in the long lasting impact of LPS on adult neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Abdeslam Mouihate
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Health Sciences Centre, Kuwait University Kuwait City, Kuwait
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23
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Xiong XY, Liu L, Yang QW. Functions and mechanisms of microglia/macrophages in neuroinflammation and neurogenesis after stroke. Prog Neurobiol 2016; 142:23-44. [PMID: 27166859 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2016.05.001] [Citation(s) in RCA: 456] [Impact Index Per Article: 57.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/28/2016] [Revised: 04/20/2016] [Accepted: 05/01/2016] [Indexed: 02/08/2023]
Abstract
Microglia/macrophages are the major immune cells involved in the defence against brain damage. Their morphology and functional changes are correlated with the release of danger signals induced by stroke. These cells are normally responsible for clearing away dead neural cells and restoring neuronal functions. However, when excessively activated by the damage-associated molecular patterns following stroke, they can produce a large number of proinflammatory cytokines that can disrupt neural cells and the blood-brain barrier and influence neurogenesis. These effects indicate the important roles of microglia/macrophages in the pathophysiological processes of stroke. However, the modifiable and adaptable nature of microglia/macrophages may also be beneficial for brain repair and not just result in damage. These distinct roles may be attributed to the different microglia/macrophage phenotypes because the M1 population is mainly destructive, while the M2 population is neuroprotective. Additionally, different gene expression signature changes in microglia/macrophages have been found in diverse inflammatory milieus. These biofunctional features enable dual roles for microglia/macrophages in brain damage and repair. Currently, it is thought that the proper inflammatory milieu may provide a suitable microenvironment for neurogenesis; however, detailed mechanisms underlying the inflammatory responses that initiate or inhibit neurogenesis remain unknown. This review summarizes recent progress concerning the mechanisms involved in brain damage, repair and regeneration related to microglia/macrophage activation and phenotype transition after stroke. We also argue that future translational studies should be targeting multiple key regulating molecules to improve brain repair, which should be accompanied by the concept of a "therapeutic time window" for sequential therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiao-Yi Xiong
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital & The Second Affiliated Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Xinqiao zhengjie No.183, Shapingba District Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Liang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital & The Second Affiliated Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Xinqiao zhengjie No.183, Shapingba District Chongqing, 400037, China
| | - Qing-Wu Yang
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital & The Second Affiliated Hospital, The Third Military Medical University, Xinqiao zhengjie No.183, Shapingba District Chongqing, 400037, China.
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Early prenatal exposure to LPS results in anxiety- and depression-related behaviors in adulthood. Neuroscience 2015; 299:56-65. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.04.065] [Citation(s) in RCA: 83] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/26/2015] [Revised: 04/10/2015] [Accepted: 04/27/2015] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
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25
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Radice PD, Mathieu P, Leal MC, Farías MI, Ferrari C, Puntel M, Salibe M, Chernomoretz A, Pitossi FJ. Fibulin-2 is a key mediator of the pro-neurogenic effect of TGF-beta1 on adult neural stem cells. Mol Cell Neurosci 2015; 67:75-83. [PMID: 26051800 DOI: 10.1016/j.mcn.2015.06.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/07/2015] [Revised: 05/18/2015] [Accepted: 06/03/2015] [Indexed: 01/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Transforming growth factor beta 1 (TGF-beta1), an anti-inflammatory cytokine, has been shown to have pro-neurogenic effects on adult Neural Stem Cells (aNSC) from the dentate gyrus and in vivo models. Here, we expanded the observation of the pro-neurogenic effect of TGF-beta1 on aNSC from the subventricular zone (SVZ) of adult rats and performed a functional genomic analysis to identify candidate genes to mediate its effect. 10 candidate genes were identified by microarray analysis and further validated by qRT-PCR. Of these, Fibulin-2 was increased 477-fold and its inhibition by siRNA blocks TGF-beta1 pro-neurogenic effect. Curiously, Fibulin-2 was not expressed by aNSC but by a GFAP-positive population in the culture, suggesting an indirect mechanism of action. TGF-beta1 also induced Fibulin-2 in the SVZ in vivo. Interestingly, 5 out of the 10 candidate genes identified are known to interact with integrins, paving the way for exploring their functional role in adult neurogenesis. In conclusion, we have identified 10 genes with putative pro-neurogenic effects, 5 of them related to integrins and provided proof that Fibulin-2 is a major mediator of the pro-neurogenic effects of TGF-beta1. These data should contribute to further exploring the molecular mechanism of adult neurogenesis of the genes identified and the involvement of the integrin pathway on adult neurogenesis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pablo Daniel Radice
- Leloir Institute Foundation, Institute for Biochemical Research of Buenos Aires - IIBBA CONICET, Patricias Argentinas 435, 1405 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Patricia Mathieu
- Leloir Institute Foundation, Institute for Biochemical Research of Buenos Aires - IIBBA CONICET, Patricias Argentinas 435, 1405 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Celeste Leal
- Leloir Institute Foundation, Institute for Biochemical Research of Buenos Aires - IIBBA CONICET, Patricias Argentinas 435, 1405 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - María Isabel Farías
- Leloir Institute Foundation, Institute for Biochemical Research of Buenos Aires - IIBBA CONICET, Patricias Argentinas 435, 1405 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Carina Ferrari
- Italian Hospital, Juan D. Perón 4190, 1181 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariana Puntel
- Leloir Institute Foundation, Institute for Biochemical Research of Buenos Aires - IIBBA CONICET, Patricias Argentinas 435, 1405 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Mariano Salibe
- Leloir Institute Foundation, Institute for Biochemical Research of Buenos Aires - IIBBA CONICET, Patricias Argentinas 435, 1405 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Ariel Chernomoretz
- Leloir Institute Foundation, Institute for Biochemical Research of Buenos Aires - IIBBA CONICET, Patricias Argentinas 435, 1405 Buenos Aires, Argentina
| | - Fernando Juan Pitossi
- Leloir Institute Foundation, Institute for Biochemical Research of Buenos Aires - IIBBA CONICET, Patricias Argentinas 435, 1405 Buenos Aires, Argentina.
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26
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Stolp HB, Molnár Z. Neurogenic niches in the brain: help and hindrance of the barrier systems. Front Neurosci 2015; 9:20. [PMID: 25691856 PMCID: PMC4315025 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2015.00020] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/30/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2015] [Indexed: 01/24/2023] Open
Abstract
In the developing central nervous system, most neurogenesis occurs in the ventricular and subventricular proliferative zones. In the adult telencephalon, neurogenesis contracts to the subependyma zone and the dentate gyrus (subgranular zone) of the hippocampus. These restricted niches containing progenitor cells which divide to produce neurons or glia, depending on the intrinsic and environmental cues. Neurogenic niches are characterized by a comparatively high vascular density and, in many cases, interaction with the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). Both the vasculature and the CSF represent a source of signaling molecules, which can be relatively rapidly modulated by external factors and circulated through the central nervous system. As the brain develops, there is vascular remodeling and a compartmentalization and dynamic modification of the ventricular surface which may be responsible for the change in the proliferative properties. This review will explore the relationship between progenitor cells and the developing vascular and ventricular space. In particular the signaling systems employed to control proliferation, and the consequence of abnormal vascular or ventricular development on growth of the telencephalon. It will also discuss the potential significance of the barriers at the vascular and ventricular junctions in the influence of the proliferative niches.
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Affiliation(s)
- Helen B Stolp
- Division of Biomedical Engineering and Health Sciences, Department of Perinatal Imaging and Health, King's College London London, UK
| | - Zoltán Molnár
- Department of Physiology, Anatomy and Genetics, University of Oxford Oxford, UK
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27
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Mattei D, Schweibold R, Wolf SA. Brain in flames - animal models of psychosis: utility and limitations. Neuropsychiatr Dis Treat 2015; 11:1313-29. [PMID: 26064050 PMCID: PMC4455860 DOI: 10.2147/ndt.s65564] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The neurodevelopmental hypothesis of schizophrenia posits that schizophrenia is a psychopathological condition resulting from aberrations in neurodevelopmental processes caused by a combination of environmental and genetic factors which proceed long before the onset of clinical symptoms. Many studies discuss an immunological component in the onset and progression of schizophrenia. We here review studies utilizing animal models of schizophrenia with manipulations of genetic, pharmacologic, and immunological origin. We focus on the immunological component to bridge the studies in terms of evaluation and treatment options of negative, positive, and cognitive symptoms. Throughout the review we link certain aspects of each model to the situation in human schizophrenic patients. In conclusion we suggest a combination of existing models to better represent the human situation. Moreover, we emphasize that animal models represent defined single or multiple symptoms or hallmarks of a given disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Daniele Mattei
- Department of Cellular Neuroscience, Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
| | - Regina Schweibold
- Department of Cellular Neuroscience, Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany ; Department of Neurosurgery, Helios Clinics, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne A Wolf
- Department of Cellular Neuroscience, Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine, Berlin, Germany
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Modulation of adult hippocampal neurogenesis by early-life environmental challenges triggering immune activation. Neural Plast 2014; 2014:194396. [PMID: 24891958 PMCID: PMC4033517 DOI: 10.1155/2014/194396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2014] [Accepted: 04/11/2014] [Indexed: 02/03/2023] Open
Abstract
The immune system plays an important role in the communication between the human body and the environment, in early development as well as in adulthood. Per se, research has shown that factors such as maternal stress and nutrition as well as maternal infections can activate the immune system in the infant. A rising number of research studies have shown that activation of the immune system in early life can augment the risk of some psychiatric disorders in adulthood, such as schizophrenia and depression. The mechanisms of such a developmental programming effect are unknown; however some preliminary evidence is emerging in the literature, which suggests that adult hippocampal neurogenesis may be involved. A growing number of studies have shown that pre- and postnatal exposure to an inflammatory stimulus can modulate the number of proliferating and differentiating neural progenitors in the adult hippocampus, and this can have an effect on behaviours of relevance to psychiatric disorders. This review provides a summary of these studies and highlights the evidence supporting a neurogenic hypothesis of immune developmental programming.
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Green HF, Nolan YM. Inflammation and the developing brain: Consequences for hippocampal neurogenesis and behavior. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2014; 40:20-34. [DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2014.01.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/08/2013] [Revised: 01/12/2014] [Accepted: 01/13/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
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