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Ye M, Zhu H, Lu X, Yang R, Wang H, Peng J, Pan H, Fang Y, Shi R, Li F, Chen Z, Hu W, Huang C. Central innate immunization induces tolerance against post-traumatic stress disorder-like behavior and neuroinflammatory responses in male mice. Brain Behav Immun 2024; 122:S0889-1591(24)00571-3. [PMID: 39197543 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2024.08.049] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/07/2024] [Revised: 08/23/2024] [Accepted: 08/24/2024] [Indexed: 09/01/2024] Open
Abstract
Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a severe psychiatric disorder associated with abnormally elevated neuroinflammatory responses. Suppression of neuroinflammation is considered to be effective in ameliorating PTSD-like behaviors in rodents. Since pre-stimulation of microglia prior to stress exposure can prevent neuroinflammation, we hypothesized that pre-stimulation of microglia may prevent PTSD in animals. The results show that a single injection of a classical immune stimulant, lipopolysaccharide (LPS), at 50, 100 or 500, but not 10 μg/kg, one day before stress exposure, prevented the anxiety- and fear-like behaviors induced by modified single prolonged stress (mSPS). The time-dependent analysis shows that a single injection of LPS (100 μg/kg) either one or five, but not ten, days before stress prevented mSPS-induced anxiety- and fear-like behaviors. A second low-dose LPS injection 10 days after the first injection or a repeated LPS injection (4 × ) 10 days before stress induced tolerance to mSPS. Mechanistic studies show that a single injection of LPS one day before stress stimulation prevented mSPS-induced increases in levels of interleukin-1β (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and IL-6 mRNA in the hippocampus and medial prefrontal cortex. Inhibition of microglia by pretreatment with minocycline or depletion of microglia by PLX3397 abolished the preventive effect of low-dose LPS pre-injection on mSPS-induced anxiety- and fear-like behavior and neuroinflammatory responses. These results suggest that pre-stimulation of microglia may prevent the development of PTSD-like behaviors by attenuating the development of neuroinflammatory responses. This could help to develop new strategies to prevent the damaging effects of harmful stress on the brain.
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Affiliation(s)
- Minxiu Ye
- Department of Pharmacy, Kunshan Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, #388 Zuchongzhi South Road, Kunshan, Suzhou 215300, Jiangsu, China
| | - Haojie Zhu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Xu Lu
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rongrong Yang
- Department of Anesthesiology, Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, #20 Xisi Road, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hanxiao Wang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jie Peng
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Hainan Pan
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Yunli Fang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China
| | - Ruiting Shi
- Faculty of Humanities and Social Sciences, City University of Macau, Av. Parde Tomas Pereira, Macau, Taipa 999078, China
| | - Fu Li
- Department of Pharmacy, Changzhou Geriatric Hospital Affiliated to Soochow University, Changzhou No.7 People's Hospital, 288# Yanling East Road, Changzhou 213000, Jiangsu, China
| | - Zhuo Chen
- Invasive Technology Department, the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nantong University, First People's Hospital of Nantong City, #666 Shengli Road, Nantong 226006, Jiangsu, China
| | - Wenfeng Hu
- Department of Pharmacy, Affiliated Maternal and Child Health Hospital of Nantong University, #399 Shijidadao, Nantong 226007, Jiangsu, China
| | - Chao Huang
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, Nantong University, #19 Qixiu Road, Nantong 226001, Jiangsu, China.
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Petakh P, Duve K, Oksenych V, Behzadi P, Kamyshnyi O. Molecular mechanisms and therapeutic possibilities of short-chain fatty acids in posttraumatic stress disorder patients: a mini-review. Front Neurosci 2024; 18:1394953. [PMID: 38887367 PMCID: PMC11182003 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2024.1394953] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 05/21/2024] [Indexed: 06/20/2024] Open
Abstract
This mini-review explores the role of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Highlighting the microbiota-gut-brain axis, this study investigated the bidirectional communication between the gut microbiome and mental health. SCFAs, byproducts of gut microbial fermentation, have been examined for their potential impact on PTSD, with a focus on molecular mechanisms and therapeutic interventions. This review discusses changes in SCFA levels and bacterial profiles in individuals with PTSD, emphasizing the need for further research. Promising outcomes from clinical trials using probiotics and fermented formulations suggest potential avenues for PTSD management. Future directions involve establishing comprehensive human cohorts, integrating multiomics data, and employing advanced computational methods, with the goal of deepening our understanding of the role of SCFAs in PTSD and exploring microbiota-targeted interventions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pavlo Petakh
- Department of Biochemistry and Pharmacology, Uzhhorod National University, Uzhhorod, Ukraine
- Department of Microbiology, Virology, and Immunology, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine
| | - Khrystyna Duve
- Department of Neurology, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine
| | - Valentyn Oksenych
- Broegelmann Research Laboratory, Department of Clinical Science, University of Bergen, Bergen, Norway
| | - Payam Behzadi
- Department of Microbiology, Shahr-e-Qods Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
| | - Oleksandr Kamyshnyi
- Department of Microbiology, Virology, and Immunology, I. Horbachevsky Ternopil National Medical University, Ternopil, Ukraine
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Holbrook EM, Zambrano CA, Wright CTO, Dubé EM, Stewart JR, Sanders WJ, Frank MG, MacDonald AS, Reber SO, Lowry CA. Mycobacterium vaccae NCTC 11659, a Soil-Derived Bacterium with Stress Resilience Properties, Modulates the Proinflammatory Effects of LPS in Macrophages. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:ijms24065176. [PMID: 36982250 PMCID: PMC10049321 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24065176] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/30/2022] [Revised: 02/15/2023] [Accepted: 02/20/2023] [Indexed: 03/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory conditions, including allergic asthma and conditions in which chronic low-grade inflammation is a risk factor, such as stress-related psychiatric disorders, are prevalent and are a significant cause of disability worldwide. Novel approaches for the prevention and treatment of these disorders are needed. One approach is the use of immunoregulatory microorganisms, such as Mycobacterium vaccae NCTC 11659, which have anti-inflammatory, immunoregulatory, and stress-resilience properties. However, little is known about how M. vaccae NCTC 11659 affects specific immune cell targets, including monocytes, which can traffic to peripheral organs and the central nervous system and differentiate into monocyte-derived macrophages that, in turn, can drive inflammation and neuroinflammation. In this study, we investigated the effects of M. vaccae NCTC 11659 and subsequent lipopolysaccharide (LPS) challenge on gene expression in human monocyte-derived macrophages. THP-1 monocytes were differentiated into macrophages, exposed to M. vaccae NCTC 11659 (0, 10, 30, 100, 300 µg/mL), then, 24 h later, challenged with LPS (0, 0.5, 2.5, 250 ng/mL), and assessed for gene expression 24 h following challenge with LPS. Exposure to M. vaccae NCTC 11659 prior to challenge with higher concentrations of LPS (250 ng/mL) polarized human monocyte-derived macrophages with decreased IL12A, IL12B, and IL23A expression relative to IL10 and TGFB1 mRNA expression. These data identify human monocyte-derived macrophages as a direct target of M. vaccae NCTC 11659 and support the development of M. vaccae NCTC 11659 as a potential intervention to prevent stress-induced inflammation and neuroinflammation implicated in the etiology and pathophysiology of inflammatory conditions and stress-related psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Evan M. Holbrook
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Cristian A. Zambrano
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Caelan T. O. Wright
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Elizabeth M. Dubé
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Jessica R. Stewart
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - William J. Sanders
- Department of Molecular, Cellular, and Developmental Biology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Matthew G. Frank
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Andrew S. MacDonald
- Lydia Becker Institute of Immunology and Inflammation, University of Manchester, Manchester M13 9NT, UK
| | - Stefan O. Reber
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychosomatics, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, Ulm University Medical Center, 89081 Ulm, Germany
| | - Christopher A. Lowry
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- Center for Neuroscience and Center for Microbial Exploration, University of Colorado, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Veterans Health Administration, Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), The Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center (RMRVAMC), Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Military and Veteran Microbiome Consortium for Research and Education (MVM-CoRE), Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Senior Fellow, inVIVO Planetary Health, of the Worldwide Universities Network (WUN), West New York, NJ 07093, USA
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +1-303-492-6029; Fax: +1-303-492-0811
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Dawud LM, Holbrook EM, Lowry CA. Evolutionary Aspects of Diverse Microbial Exposures and Mental Health: Focus on "Old Friends" and Stress Resilience. Curr Top Behav Neurosci 2023; 61:93-117. [PMID: 35947354 PMCID: PMC9918614 DOI: 10.1007/7854_2022_385] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/24/2023]
Abstract
The prevalence of inflammatory disease conditions, including allergies, asthma, and autoimmune disorders, increased during the latter half of the twentieth century, as societies transitioned from rural to urban lifestyles. A number of hypotheses have been put forward to explain the increasing prevalence of inflammatory disease in modern urban societies, including the hygiene hypothesis and the "Old Friends" hypothesis. In 2008, Rook and Lowry proposed, based on the evidence that increased inflammation was a risk factor for stress-related psychiatric disorders, that the hygiene hypothesis or "Old Friends" hypothesis may be relevant to psychiatric disorders. Since then, it has become more clear that chronic low-grade inflammation is a risk factor for stress-related psychiatric disorders, including anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and trauma- and stressor-related disorders, such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Evidence now indicates that persons raised in modern urban environments without daily contact with pets, relative to persons raised in rural environments in proximity to farm animals, respond with greater systemic inflammation to psychosocial stress. Here we consider the possibility that increased inflammation in persons living in modern urban environments is due to a failure of immunoregulation, i.e., a balanced expression of regulatory and effector T cells, which is known to be dependent on microbial signals. We highlight evidence that microbial signals that can drive immunoregulation arise from phylogenetically diverse taxa but are strain specific. Finally, we highlight Mycobacterium vaccae NCTC 11659, a soil-derived bacterium with anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory properties, as a case study of how single strains of bacteria might be used in a psychoneuroimmunologic approach for prevention and treatment of stress-related psychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lamya'a M Dawud
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Evan M Holbrook
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Christopher A Lowry
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.
- Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Rocky Mountain Regional VA Medical Center (RMRVAMC), Aurora, CO, USA.
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.
- Military and Veteran Microbiome: Consortium for Research and Education (MVM-CoRE), Aurora, CO, USA.
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.
- Center for Microbial Exploration, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.
- inVIVO Planetary Health, Worldwide Universities Network (WUN), West New York, NJ, USA.
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5
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Immunization with a heat-killed preparation of Mycobacterium vaccae NCTC 11659 enhances auditory-cued fear extinction in a stress-dependent manner. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 107:1-15. [PMID: 36108946 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.09.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/03/2022] [Revised: 08/22/2022] [Accepted: 09/04/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress-related psychiatric disorders including anxiety disorders, mood disorders, and trauma and stressor-related disorders, such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), affect millions of people world-wide each year. Individuals with stress-related psychiatric disorders have been found to have poor immunoregulation, increased proinflammatory markers, and dysregulation of fear memory. The "Old Friends" hypothesis proposes that a lack of immunoregulatory inputs has led to a higher prevalence of inflammatory disorders and stress-related psychiatric disorders, in which inappropriate inflammation is thought to be a risk factor. Immunization with a soil-derived saprophytic bacterium with anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory properties, Mycobacterium vaccae NCTC 11659, can lower proinflammatory biomarkers, increase stress resilience, and, when given prior to or after fear conditioning in a rat model of fear-potentiated startle, enhance fear extinction. In this study, we investigated whether immunization with heat-killed M. vaccae NCTC 11659 would enhance fear extinction in contextual or auditory-cued fear conditioning paradigms and whether M. vaccae NCTC 11659 would prevent stress-induced exaggeration of fear expression or stress-induced resistance to extinction learning. Adult male Sprague Dawley rats were immunized with M. vaccae NCTC 11659 (subcutaneous injections once a week for three weeks), and underwent either: Experiment 1) one-trial contextual fear conditioning; Experiment 2) two-trial contextual fear conditioning; Experiment 3) stress-induced enhancement of contextual fear conditioning; Experiment 4) stress-induced enhancement of auditory-cued fear conditioning; or Experiment 5) stress-induced enhancement of auditory-cued fear conditioning exploring short-term memory. Immunizations with M. vaccae NCTC 11659 had no effect on one- or two-trial contextual fear conditioning or contextual fear extinction, with or without exposure to inescapable stress. However, inescapable stress increased resistance to auditory-cued fear extinction. Immunization with M. vaccae NCTC 11659 prevented the stress-induced increase in resistance to auditory-cued fear extinction learning. Finally, in an auditory-cued fear conditioning paradigm exploring short-term memory and fear acquisition, immunization with M. vaccae did not prevent fear acquisition, either with or without exposure to inescapable stress, consistent with the hypothesis that M. vaccae NCTC 11659 has no effect on fear acquisition but enhances fear extinction. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that increased immunoregulation following immunization with M. vaccae NCTC 11659 promotes stress resilience, in particular by preventing stress-induced resistance to fear extinction, and may be a potential therapeutic intervention for trauma- and stressor-related disorders such as PTSD.
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6
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Katrinli S, Oliveira NCS, Felger JC, Michopoulos V, Smith AK. The role of the immune system in posttraumatic stress disorder. Transl Psychiatry 2022; 12:313. [PMID: 35927237 PMCID: PMC9352784 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-022-02094-7] [Citation(s) in RCA: 43] [Impact Index Per Article: 21.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2021] [Revised: 07/20/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) develops in a subset of individuals upon exposure to traumatic stress. In addition to well-defined psychological and behavioral symptoms, some individuals with PTSD also exhibit elevated concentrations of inflammatory markers, including C-reactive protein, interleukin-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α. Moreover, PTSD is often co-morbid with immune-related conditions, such as cardiometabolic and autoimmune disorders. Numerous factors, including lifetime trauma burden, biological sex, genetic background, metabolic conditions, and gut microbiota, may contribute to inflammation in PTSD. Importantly, inflammation can influence neural circuits and neurotransmitter signaling in regions of the brain relevant to fear, anxiety, and emotion regulation. Given the link between PTSD and the immune system, current studies are underway to evaluate the efficacy of anti-inflammatory treatments in those with PTSD. Understanding the complex interactions between PTSD and the immune system is essential for future discovery of diagnostic and therapeutic tools.
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Affiliation(s)
- Seyma Katrinli
- Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
| | - Nayara C. S. Oliveira
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA ,National Institute of Woman, Child, and Adolescence Health Fernandes Figueira, Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil ,grid.418068.30000 0001 0723 0931Department of Violence and Health Studies Jorge Careli, National School of Public Health, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ Brazil
| | - Jennifer C. Felger
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA ,grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502The Winship Cancer Institute, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Vasiliki Michopoulos
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA
| | - Alicia K. Smith
- grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA ,grid.189967.80000 0001 0941 6502Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA USA
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Amoroso M, Langgartner D, Lowry CA, Reber SO. Rapidly Growing Mycobacterium Species: The Long and Winding Road from Tuberculosis Vaccines to Potent Stress-Resilience Agents. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222312938. [PMID: 34884743 PMCID: PMC8657684 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222312938] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/02/2021] [Revised: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 11/26/2021] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Inflammatory diseases and stressor-related psychiatric disorders, for which inflammation is a risk factor, are increasing in modern Western societies. Recent studies suggest that immunoregulatory approaches are a promising tool in reducing the risk of suffering from such disorders. Specifically, the environmental saprophyte Mycobacterium vaccae National Collection of Type Cultures (NCTC) 11659 has recently gained attention for the prevention and treatment of stress-related psychiatric disorders. However, effective use requires a sophisticated understanding of the effects of M. vaccae NCTC 11659 and related rapidly growing mycobacteria (RGMs) on microbiome–gut–immune–brain interactions. This historical narrative review is intended as a first step in exploring these mechanisms and provides an overview of preclinical and clinical studies on M. vaccae NCTC 11659 and related RGMs. The overall objective of this review article is to increase the comprehension of, and interest in, the mechanisms through which M. vaccae NCTC 11659 and related RGMs promote stress resilience, with the intention of fostering novel clinical strategies for the prevention and treatment of stressor-related disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mattia Amoroso
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychosomatics, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (M.A.); (D.L.)
| | - Dominik Langgartner
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychosomatics, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (M.A.); (D.L.)
| | - Christopher A. Lowry
- Department of Integrative Physiology, Center for Neuroscience and Center for Microbial Exploration, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA;
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Veterans Health Administration, Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), The Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center (RMRVAMC), Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Military and Veteran Microbiome: Consortium for Research and Education (MVM-CoRE), Aurora, CO 80045, USA
- Senior Fellow, inVIVO Planetary Health, of the Worldwide Universities Network (WUN), West New York, NJ 07093, USA
| | - Stefan O. Reber
- Laboratory for Molecular Psychosomatics, Department of Psychosomatic Medicine and Psychotherapy, University of Ulm, 89081 Ulm, Germany; (M.A.); (D.L.)
- Correspondence:
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Bowers SJ, Lambert S, He S, Lowry CA, Fleshner M, Wright KP, Turek FW, Vitaterna MH. Immunization with a heat-killed bacterium, Mycobacterium vaccae NCTC 11659, prevents the development of cortical hyperarousal and a PTSD-like sleep phenotype after sleep disruption and acute stress in mice. Sleep 2021; 44:6025170. [PMID: 33283862 DOI: 10.1093/sleep/zsaa271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/21/2020] [Revised: 11/20/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022] Open
Abstract
STUDY OBJECTIVES Sleep deprivation induces systemic inflammation that may contribute to stress vulnerability and other pathologies. We tested the hypothesis that immunization with heat-killed Mycobacterium vaccae NCTC 11659 (MV), an environmental bacterium with immunoregulatory and anti-inflammatory properties, prevents the negative impacts of 5 days of sleep disruption on stress-induced changes in sleep, behavior, and physiology in mice. METHODS In a 2 × 2 × 2 experimental design, male C57BL/6N mice were given injections of either MV or vehicle on days -17, -10, and -3. On days 1-5, mice were exposed to intermittent sleep disruption, whereby sleep was disrupted for 20 h per day. Immediately following sleep disruption, mice were exposed to 1-h social defeat stress or novel cage (control) conditions. Object location memory (OLM) testing was conducted 24 h after social defeat, and tissues were collected 6 days later to measure inflammatory markers. Sleep was recorded using electroencephalography (EEG) and electromyography (EMG) throughout the experiment. RESULTS In vehicle-treated mice, only the combination of sleep disruption followed by social defeat (double hit): (1) increased brief arousals and NREM beta (15-30 Hz) EEG power in sleep immediately post-social defeat compared to baseline; (2) induced an increase in the proportion of rapid-eye-movement (REM) sleep and number of state shifts for at least 5 days post-social defeat; and (3) induced hyperlocomotion and lack of habituation in the OLM task. Immunization with MV prevented most of these sleep and behavioral changes. CONCLUSIONS Immunization with MV ameliorates a stress-induced sleep and behavioral phenotype that shares features with human posttraumatic stress disorder.
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Affiliation(s)
- Samuel J Bowers
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL.,Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL
| | - Sophie Lambert
- Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL
| | - Shannon He
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL.,Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL
| | - Christopher A Lowry
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO.,Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO
| | - Monika Fleshner
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO.,Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO
| | - Kenneth P Wright
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO.,Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO.,Sleep and Chronobiology Laboratory, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO
| | - Fred W Turek
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL.,Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL.,The Ken & Ruth Davee Department of Neurology, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL.,Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Northwestern University Feinberg School of Medicine, Chicago, IL
| | - Martha H Vitaterna
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Biology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL.,Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL
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9
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Foxx CL, Heinze JD, González A, Vargas F, Baratta MV, Elsayed AI, Stewart JR, Loupy KM, Arnold MR, Flux MC, Sago SA, Siebler PH, Milton LN, Lieb MW, Hassell JE, Smith DG, Lee KAK, Appiah SA, Schaefer EJ, Panitchpakdi M, Sikora NC, Weldon KC, Stamper CE, Schmidt D, Duggan DA, Mengesha YM, Ogbaselassie M, Nguyen KT, Gates CA, Schnabel K, Tran L, Jones JD, Vitaterna MH, Turek FW, Fleshner M, Dorrestein PC, Knight R, Wright KP, Lowry CA. Effects of Immunization With the Soil-Derived Bacterium Mycobacterium vaccae on Stress Coping Behaviors and Cognitive Performance in a "Two Hit" Stressor Model. Front Physiol 2021; 11:524833. [PMID: 33469429 PMCID: PMC7813891 DOI: 10.3389/fphys.2020.524833] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Accepted: 11/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Previous studies demonstrate that Mycobacterium vaccae NCTC 11659 (M. vaccae), a soil-derived bacterium with anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory properties, is a potentially useful countermeasure against negative outcomes to stressors. Here we used male C57BL/6NCrl mice to determine if repeated immunization with M. vaccae is an effective countermeasure in a "two hit" stress exposure model of chronic disruption of rhythms (CDR) followed by acute social defeat (SD). On day -28, mice received implants of biotelemetric recording devices to monitor 24-h rhythms of locomotor activity. Mice were subsequently treated with a heat-killed preparation of M. vaccae (0.1 mg, administered subcutaneously on days -21, -14, -7, and 27) or borate-buffered saline vehicle. Mice were then exposed to 8 consecutive weeks of either stable normal 12:12 h light:dark (LD) conditions or CDR, consisting of 12-h reversals of the LD cycle every 7 days (days 0-56). Finally, mice were exposed to either a 10-min SD or a home cage control condition on day 54. All mice were exposed to object location memory testing 24 h following SD. The gut microbiome and metabolome were assessed in fecal samples collected on days -1, 48, and 62 using 16S rRNA gene sequence and LC-MS/MS spectral data, respectively; the plasma metabolome was additionally measured on day 64. Among mice exposed to normal LD conditions, immunization with M. vaccae induced a shift toward a more proactive behavioral coping response to SD as measured by increases in scouting and avoiding an approaching male CD-1 aggressor, and decreases in submissive upright defensive postures. In the object location memory test, exposure to SD increased cognitive function in CDR mice previously immunized with M. vaccae. Immunization with M. vaccae stabilized the gut microbiome, attenuating CDR-induced reductions in alpha diversity and decreasing within-group measures of beta diversity. Immunization with M. vaccae also increased the relative abundance of 1-heptadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine, a lysophospholipid, in plasma. Together, these data support the hypothesis that immunization with M. vaccae stabilizes the gut microbiome, induces a shift toward a more proactive response to stress exposure, and promotes stress resilience.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine L. Foxx
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
- Center for Microbial Exploration, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Jared D. Heinze
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
- Center for Microbial Exploration, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Antonio González
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Fernando Vargas
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Michael V. Baratta
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Ahmed I. Elsayed
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
- Center for Microbial Exploration, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Jessica R. Stewart
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Kelsey M. Loupy
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
- Center for Microbial Exploration, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Mathew R. Arnold
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - M. C. Flux
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Saydie A. Sago
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
- Center for Microbial Exploration, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Philip H. Siebler
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Lauren N. Milton
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Margaret W. Lieb
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - James E. Hassell
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - David G. Smith
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Kyo A. K. Lee
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Sandra A. Appiah
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
- Center for Microbial Exploration, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Evan J. Schaefer
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
- Center for Microbial Exploration, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Morgan Panitchpakdi
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Nicole C. Sikora
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Kelly C. Weldon
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Christopher E. Stamper
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Dominic Schmidt
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - David A. Duggan
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Yosan M. Mengesha
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Mikale Ogbaselassie
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Kadi T. Nguyen
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Chloe A. Gates
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - K’loni Schnabel
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Linh Tran
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Joslynn D. Jones
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Martha H. Vitaterna
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Biology, Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Fred W. Turek
- Center for Sleep and Circadian Biology, Department of Neurobiology, Northwestern University, Evanston, IL, United States
| | - Monika Fleshner
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Pieter C. Dorrestein
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Collaborative Mass Spectrometry Innovation Center, Skaggs School of Pharmacy and Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Rob Knight
- Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Center for Microbiome Innovation, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
- Department of Bioengineering, Jacobs School of Engineering, University of California, San Diego, La Jolla, CA, United States
| | - Kenneth P. Wright
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
| | - Christopher A. Lowry
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
- Center for Microbial Exploration, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
- Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, United States
- Veterans Health Administration, Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center, Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Aurora, CO, United States
- Military and Veteran Microbiome: Consortium for Research and Education, Aurora, CO, United States
- Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, United States
- inVIVO Planetary Health, Worldwide Universities Network, West New York, NJ, United States
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10
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Loupy KM, Cler KE, Marquart BM, Yifru TW, D'Angelo HM, Arnold MR, Elsayed AI, Gebert MJ, Fierer N, Fonken LK, Frank MG, Zambrano CA, Maier SF, Lowry CA. Comparing the effects of two different strains of mycobacteria, Mycobacterium vaccae NCTC 11659 and M. vaccae ATCC 15483, on stress-resilient behaviors and lipid-immune signaling in rats. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 91:212-229. [PMID: 33011306 PMCID: PMC7749860 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.09.030] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2020] [Revised: 09/17/2020] [Accepted: 09/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Stress-related disorders, such as posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), are highly prevalent and often difficult to treat. In rodents, stress-related, anxiety-like defensive behavioral responses may be characterized by social avoidance, exacerbated inflammation, and altered metabolic states. We have previously shown that, in rodents, subcutaneous injections of a heat-killed preparation of the soil-derived bacterium Mycobacterium vaccae NCTC 11659 promotes stress resilience effects that are associated with immunoregulatory signaling in the periphery and the brain. In the current study, we sought to determine whether treatment with a heat-killed preparation of the closely related M. vaccae type strain, M. vaccae ATCC 15483, would also promote stress-resilience in adult male rats, likely due to biologically similar characteristics of the two strains. Here we show that immunization with either M. vaccae NCTC 11659 or M. vaccae ATCC 15483 prevents stress-induced increases in hippocampal interleukin 6 mRNA expression, consistent with previous studies showing that M. vaccae NCTC 11659 prevents stress-induced increases in peripheral IL-6 secretion, and prevents exaggeration of anxiety-like defensive behavioral responses assessed 24 h after exposure to inescapable tail shock stress (IS) in adult male rats. Analysis of mRNA expression, protein abundance, and flow cytometry data demonstrate overlapping but also unique effects of treatment with the two M. vaccae strains on immunological and metabolic signaling in the host. These data support the hypothesis that treatment with different M. vaccae strains may immunize the host against stress-induced dysregulation of physiology and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey M Loupy
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Kristin E Cler
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Brandon M Marquart
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Tumim W Yifru
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Heather M D'Angelo
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Mathew R Arnold
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Ahmed I Elsayed
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Matthew J Gebert
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; Center for Microbial Exploration, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Noah Fierer
- Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Cooperative Institute for Research in Environmental Sciences (CIRES), University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; Center for Microbial Exploration, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Laura K Fonken
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX 78712, USA
| | - Matthew G Frank
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Cristian A Zambrano
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Steven F Maier
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA
| | - Christopher A Lowry
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; Center for Microbial Exploration, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO 80309, USA; Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Veterans Health Administration, Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center (RMRVAMC), Aurora, CO 80045, USA; Military and Veteran Microbiome: Consortium for Research and Education (MVM-CoRE), Aurora, CO 80045, USA; inVIVO Planetary Health, of the Worldwide Universities Network (WUN), West New York, NJ 07093, USA.
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11
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Mycobacterium vaccae Lysate Induces Anti-Allergic Immune Response In Vitro. Bull Exp Biol Med 2020; 170:226-229. [PMID: 33270158 DOI: 10.1007/s10517-020-05039-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/19/2019] [Indexed: 01/08/2023]
Abstract
Mycobacterium vaccae is a soil saprophyte which exerts anti-allergic properties. There are data that mechanism of action of M. vaccae when used in the treatment of human and animal allergic diseases is associated with Th1-phenotype switch. Here we studied the properties of sonicated M. vaccae lysate in co-cultures of dendritic cells and CD4+T cells. M. vaccae lysate stimulated IL-10 synthesis in co-cultures and CD86 expression in dendritic cells, being more potent than heat-killed M. vaccae. The reported clinical data and the mechanism of action of M. vaccae lysate suggest that its use is a feasible option for the primary prevention of allergic diseases, in particular atopic dermatitis.
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12
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Loupy KM, Lee T, Zambrano CA, Elsayed AI, D'Angelo HM, Fonken LK, Frank MG, Maier SF, Lowry CA. Alzheimer's Disease: Protective Effects of Mycobacterium vaccae, a Soil-Derived Mycobacterium with Anti-Inflammatory and Anti-Tubercular Properties, on the Proteomic Profiles of Plasma and Cerebrospinal Fluid in Rats. J Alzheimers Dis 2020; 78:965-987. [PMID: 33074227 DOI: 10.3233/jad-200568] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Alzheimer's disease (AD) is an inflammatory neurodegenerative disease that may be associated with prior bacterial infections. Microbial "old friends" can suppress exaggerated inflammation in response to disease-causing infections or increase clearance of pathogens such as Mycobacterium tuberculosis, which causes tuberculosis (TB). One such "old friend" is Mycobacterium vaccae NCTC 11659, a soil-derived bacterium that has been proposed either as a vaccine for prevention of TB, or as immunotherapy for the treatment of TB when used alongside first line anti-TB drug treatment. OBJECTIVE The goal of this study was to use a hypothesis generating approach to explore the effects of M. vaccae on physiological changes in the plasma and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF). METHODS Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry-based proteomics were performed in plasma and CSF of adult male rats after immunization with a heat-killed preparation of M. vaccae NCTC 11659 or borate-buffered saline vehicle. Gene enrichment analysis and analysis of protein-protein interactions were performed to integrate physiological network changes in plasma and CSF. We used RT-qPCR to assess immune and metabolic gene expression changes in the hippocampus. RESULTS In both plasma and CSF, immunization with M. vaccae increased proteins associated with immune activation and downregulated proteins corresponding to lipid (including phospholipid and cholesterol) metabolism. Immunization with M. vaccae also increased hippocampal expression of interleukin-4 (IL-4) mRNA, implicating anti-inflammatory effects in the central nervous system. CONCLUSION M. vaccae alters host immune activity and lipid metabolism. These data are consistent with the hypothesis that microbe-host interactions may protect against possible infection-induced, inflammation-related cognitive impairments.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kelsey M Loupy
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Thomas Lee
- Central Analytical Laboratory and Mass Spectrometry Facility, Department of Biochemistry, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Cristian A Zambrano
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Ahmed I Elsayed
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Heather M D'Angelo
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Laura K Fonken
- Division of Pharmacology and Toxicology, University of Texas at Austin, Austin, TX, USA
| | - Matthew G Frank
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.,Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Steven F Maier
- Department of Psychology and Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.,Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA
| | - Christopher A Lowry
- Department of Integrative Physiology, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.,Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.,Center for Microbial Exploration, University of Colorado Boulder, Boulder, CO, USA.,Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation and Center for Neuroscience, University of Colorado Anschutz Medical Campus, Aurora, CO, USA.,Veterans Health Administration, Rocky Mountain Mental Illness Research Education and Clinical Center (MIRECC), Rocky Mountain Regional Veterans Affairs Medical Center (RMRVAMC), Aurora, CO, USA.,Military and Veteran Microbiome: Consortium for Research and Education (MVM-CoRE), Aurora, CO, USA.,Senior Fellow, inVIVO Planetary Health, of the Worldwide Universities Network (WUN), West New York, NJ, USA
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13
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de Carvalho CCCR, Teixeira R, Fernandes P. Mycobacterium vaccae Adaptation to Disinfectants and Hand Sanitisers, and Evaluation of Cross-Tolerance with Antimicrobials. Antibiotics (Basel) 2020; 9:antibiotics9090544. [PMID: 32867093 PMCID: PMC7559525 DOI: 10.3390/antibiotics9090544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/04/2020] [Revised: 08/20/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Mycobacterium vaccae is being considered as an adjuvant to antituberculosis therapy, tested for the treatment of autoimmune diseases, and as an anti-depressive agent. This bacterium is ubiquitous in the environment and the widespread use of disinfectants and sanitisers may lead to its adaptation to these compounds. In the present study, M. vaccae cells adapted to these compounds mainly by making adjustments in their lipid composition and net surface charge. The modifications in the lipid composition led to changes in membrane permeability which resulted in increased tolerance towards levofloxacin, thioridazine, and omeprazole.
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Affiliation(s)
- Carla C. C. R. de Carvalho
- Department of Bioengineering, iBB–Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal; (R.T.); (P.F.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +351-21-841-9594
| | - Raquel Teixeira
- Department of Bioengineering, iBB–Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal; (R.T.); (P.F.)
| | - Pedro Fernandes
- Department of Bioengineering, iBB–Institute for Bioengineering and Biosciences, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1049-001 Lisbon, Portugal; (R.T.); (P.F.)
- DREAMS and Faculty of Engineering, Universidade Lusófona de Humanidades e Tecnologias, 1749-024 Lisbon, Portugal
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14
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Increased persistence of avoidance behaviour and social deficits with L.rhamnosus JB-1 or selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor treatment following social defeat. Sci Rep 2020; 10:13485. [PMID: 32778662 PMCID: PMC7417579 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-020-69968-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2019] [Accepted: 07/22/2020] [Indexed: 11/25/2022] Open
Abstract
Chronic social defeat (CSD) in mice has been suggested as a model for studying post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Our previous work indicated that exposure to Lactobacillus rhamnosus JB-1 (JB-1) during CSD can attenuate subsequent behavioural and immune disruption, suggesting a potential for microbe based therapeutic approaches in PTSD. In the current study, we assessed the ability of JB-1 to mitigate the behavioral consequences of CSD when treatment is instigated in the early post-stress period and compared the probiotic effects with those of the selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI), sertraline. JB-1 or sertraline were administered orally 48 h following 10-days of CSD in male C57BL/6 mice. Contrary to our hypothesis of a beneficial effect, 30 days of treatment with either JB-1 or sertraline increased the persistence of both aggressor avoidance and reduced sociability in defeated mice. This was accompanied by lower hippocampal mRNA expression for genes related to fear memory. Defeated mice treated with either JB-1 or sertraline also exhibited systemic immune changes, with a decrease in Th1 cells, activated monocytes, and the monocyte chemoattractant CCL2. This study identifies potentially detrimental effects of both JB-1 and sertraline if administered in the early post-trauma period and suggests caution should be applied when considering psychobiotic or SSRI based approaches for early intervention in trauma related psychiatric disorders.
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15
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Prescott SL, Bland JS. Spaceship Earth Revisited: The Co-Benefits of Overcoming Biological Extinction of Experience at the Level of Person, Place and Planet. INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF ENVIRONMENTAL RESEARCH AND PUBLIC HEALTH 2020; 17:ijerph17041407. [PMID: 32098222 PMCID: PMC7068540 DOI: 10.3390/ijerph17041407] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/06/2020] [Revised: 02/16/2020] [Accepted: 02/18/2020] [Indexed: 12/27/2022]
Abstract
Extensive research underscores that we interpret the world through metaphors; moreover, common metaphors are a useful means to enhance the pursuit of personal and collective goals. In the context of planetary health—defined as the interdependent vitality of all natural and anthropogenic ecosystems (social, political and otherwise)—one enduring metaphor can be found in the concept of “Spaceship Earth”. Although not without criticism, the term “Spaceship Earth” has been useful to highlight both resource limitations and the beauty and fragility of delicate ecosystems that sustain life. Rene Dubos, who helped popularize the term, underscored the need for an exposome perspective, one that examines the total accumulated environmental exposures (both detrimental and beneficial) that predict the biological responses of the “total organism to the total environment” over time. In other words, how large-scale environmental changes affect us all personally, albeit in individualized ways. This commentary focuses the ways in which microbes, as an essential part of all ecosystems, provide a vital link between personal and planetary systems, and mediate the biopsychosocial aspects of our individualized experience—and thus health—over our life course journey. A more fine-grained understanding of these dynamics and our power to change them, personally and collectively, lies at the core of restoring “ecosystems balance” for person, place and planet. In particular, restoring human connectedness to the natural world, sense of community and shared purpose must occur in tandem with technological solutions, and will enhance individual empowerment for personal well-being, as well as our collective potential to overcome our grand challenges. Such knowledge can help shape the use of metaphor and re-imagine solutions and novel ways for restoration or rewilding of ecosystems, and the values, behaviors and attitudes to light the path toward exiting the Anthropocene.
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Affiliation(s)
- Susan L. Prescott
- The ORIGINS Project, Telethon Kids Institute, University of Western Australia, Perth Children’s Hospital, Nedlands, WA 6009, Australia
- inVIVO Planetary Health of the Worldwide Universities Network (WUN), West New York, NJ 10704, USA;
- Correspondence:
| | - Jeffrey S. Bland
- inVIVO Planetary Health of the Worldwide Universities Network (WUN), West New York, NJ 10704, USA;
- Personalized Lifestyle Medicine Institute, Tacoma, WA 98443, USA
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