1
|
De Fazio E, Pittarello M, Gans A, Ghosh B, Slika H, Alimonti P, Tyler B. Intrinsic and Microenvironmental Drivers of Glioblastoma Invasion. Int J Mol Sci 2024; 25:2563. [PMID: 38473812 DOI: 10.3390/ijms25052563] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/02/2024] [Revised: 02/07/2024] [Accepted: 02/16/2024] [Indexed: 03/14/2024] Open
Abstract
Gliomas are diffusely infiltrating brain tumors whose prognosis is strongly influenced by their extent of invasion into the surrounding brain tissue. While lower-grade gliomas present more circumscribed borders, high-grade gliomas are aggressive tumors with widespread brain infiltration and dissemination. Glioblastoma (GBM) is known for its high invasiveness and association with poor prognosis. Its low survival rate is due to the certainty of its recurrence, caused by microscopic brain infiltration which makes surgical eradication unattainable. New insights into GBM biology at the single-cell level have enabled the identification of mechanisms exploited by glioma cells for brain invasion. In this review, we explore the current understanding of several molecular pathways and mechanisms used by tumor cells to invade normal brain tissue. We address the intrinsic biological drivers of tumor cell invasion, by tackling how tumor cells interact with each other and with the tumor microenvironment (TME). We focus on the recently discovered neuronal niche in the TME, including local as well as distant neurons, contributing to glioma growth and invasion. We then address the mechanisms of invasion promoted by astrocytes and immune cells. Finally, we review the current literature on the therapeutic targeting of the molecular mechanisms of invasion.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Emerson De Fazio
- Department of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University School of Medicine, 20132 Milan, Italy
| | - Matilde Pittarello
- Department of Medicine, Humanitas University School of Medicine, 20089 Rozzano, Italy
| | - Alessandro Gans
- Department of Neurology, University of Milan, 20122 Milan, Italy
| | - Bikona Ghosh
- School of Medicine and Surgery, Dhaka Medical College, Dhaka 1000, Bangladesh
| | - Hasan Slika
- Hunterian Neurosurgical Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| | - Paolo Alimonti
- Department of Medicine, Vita-Salute San Raffaele University School of Medicine, 20132 Milan, Italy
- Department of Neurosurgery, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA 02115, USA
| | - Betty Tyler
- Hunterian Neurosurgical Laboratory, Department of Neurosurgery, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD 21231, USA
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Abedsaeidi M, Hojjati F, Tavassoli A, Sahebkar A. Biology of Tenascin C and its Role in Physiology and Pathology. Curr Med Chem 2024; 31:2706-2731. [PMID: 37021423 DOI: 10.2174/0929867330666230404124229] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/18/2022] [Revised: 01/25/2023] [Accepted: 02/10/2023] [Indexed: 04/07/2023]
Abstract
Tenascin-C (TNC) is a multimodular extracellular matrix (ECM) protein hexameric with several molecular forms (180-250 kDa) produced by alternative splicing at the pre-mRNA level and protein modifications. The molecular phylogeny indicates that the amino acid sequence of TNC is a well-conserved protein among vertebrates. TNC has binding partners, including fibronectin, collagen, fibrillin-2, periostin, proteoglycans, and pathogens. Various transcription factors and intracellular regulators tightly regulate TNC expression. TNC plays an essential role in cell proliferation and migration. Unlike embryonic tissues, TNC protein is distributed over a few tissues in adults. However, higher TNC expression is observed in inflammation, wound healing, cancer, and other pathological conditions. It is widely expressed in a variety of human malignancies and is recognized as a pivotal factor in cancer progression and metastasis. Moreover, TNC increases both pro-and anti-inflammatory signaling pathways. It has been identified as an essential factor in tissue injuries such as damaged skeletal muscle, heart disease, and kidney fibrosis. This multimodular hexameric glycoprotein modulates both innate and adaptive immune responses regulating the expression of numerous cytokines. Moreover, TNC is an important regulatory molecule that affects the onset and progression of neuronal disorders through many signaling pathways. We provide a comprehensive overview of the structural and expression properties of TNC and its potential functions in physiological and pathological conditions.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Malihehsadat Abedsaeidi
- Department of Basic Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Farzaneh Hojjati
- Division of Industrial and Environmental Biotechnology, National Institute of Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology, Tehran, Iran
| | - Amin Tavassoli
- Division of Biotechnology, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran
| | - Amirhossein Sahebkar
- Biotechnology Research Center, Pharmaceutical Technology Institute, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
- Applied Biomedical Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Sanadgol N, Miraki Feriz A, Lisboa SF, Joca SRL. Putative role of glial cells in treatment resistance depression: An updated critical literation review and evaluation of single-nuclei transcriptomics data. Life Sci 2023; 331:122025. [PMID: 37574044 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2023.122025] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/05/2022] [Revised: 08/01/2023] [Accepted: 08/10/2023] [Indexed: 08/15/2023]
Abstract
AIMS Major depressive disorder (MDD) is a prevalent global mental illness with diverse underlying causes. Despite the availability of first-line antidepressants, approximately 10-30 % of MDD patients do not respond to these medications, falling into the category of treatment-resistant depression (TRD). Our study aimed to elucidate the precise molecular mechanisms through which glial cells contribute to depression-like episodes in TRD. MATERIALS AND METHODS We conducted a comprehensive literature search using the PubMed and Scopus electronic databases with search terms carefully selected to be specific to our topic. We strictly followed inclusion and exclusion criteria during the article selection process, adhering to PRISMA guidelines. Additionally, we carried out an in-depth analysis of postmortem brain tissue obtained from patients with TRD using single-nucleus transcriptomics (sn-RNAseq). KEY FINDINGS Our data confirmed the involvement of multiple glia-specific markers (25 genes) associated with TRD. These differentially expressed genes (DEGs) primarily regulate cytokine signaling, and they are enriched in important pathways such as NFκB and TNF-α. Notably, DEGs showed significant interactions with the transcription factor CREB1. sn-RNAseq analysis confirmed dysregulation of nearly all designated DEGs; however, only Cx30/43, AQP4, S100β, and TNF-αR1 were significantly downregulated in oligodendrocytes (OLGs) of TRD patients. With further exploration, we identified the GLT-1 in OLGs as a hub gene involved in TRD. SIGNIFICANCE Our findings suggest that glial dysregulation may hinder the effectiveness of existing therapies for TRD. By targeting specific glial-based genes, we could develop novel interventions with minimal adverse side effects, providing new hope for TRD patients who currently experience limited benefits from invasive treatments.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Nima Sanadgol
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Institute of Neuroanatomy, RWTH University Hospital Aachen, Aachen, Germany.
| | - Adib Miraki Feriz
- Student Research Committee, Birjand University of Medical Sciences, Birjand, Iran
| | - Sabrina F Lisboa
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil
| | - Sâmia R L Joca
- Department of Biomolecular Sciences, School of Pharmaceutical Sciences of Ribeirão Preto, University of São Paulo, Ribeirão Preto, SP, Brazil; Department of Biomedicine, Aarhus University, Aarhus, Denmark.
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Domaingo A, Jokesch P, Schweiger A, Gschwandtner M, Gerlza T, Koch M, Midwood KS, Kungl AJ. Chemokine Binding to Tenascin-C Influences Chemokine-Induced Immune Cell Migration. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:14694. [PMID: 37834140 PMCID: PMC10572825 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241914694] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 09/15/2023] [Accepted: 09/25/2023] [Indexed: 10/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Tenascin-C (TNC) is a complex glycoprotein of the extracellular matrix (ECM) involved in a plethora of (patho-)physiological processes, such as oncogenesis and inflammation. Since chemokines play an essential role in both disease processes, we have investigated here the binding of TNC to some of the key chemokines, namely CCL2, CCL26, CXCL8, CXCL10, and CXCL12. Thereby, a differential chemokine-TNC binding pattern was observed, with CCL26 exhibiting the highest and CCL2 the lowest affinity for TNC. Heparan sulfate (HS), another member of the ECM, proved to be a similarly high-affinity ligand of TNC, with a Kd value of 730 nM. Chemokines use glycosa-minoglycans such as HS as co-receptors to induce immune cell migration. Therefore, we assumed an influence of TNC on immune cell chemotaxis due to co-localization within the ECM. CCL26- and CCL2-induced mobilization experiments of eosinophils and monocytes, respectively, were thus performed in the presence and the absence of TNC. Pre-incubation of the immune cells with TNC resulted in a 3.5-fold increase of CCL26-induced eosinophil chemotaxis, whereas a 1.3-fold de-crease in chemotaxis was observed when monocytes were pre-incubated with CCL2. As both chemokines have similar HS binding but different TNC binding affinities, we speculate that TNC acts as an attenuator in monocyte and as an amplifier in eosinophil mobilization by impeding CCL2 from binding to HS on the one hand, and by reinforcing CCL26 to bind to HS on the other hand.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alissa Domaingo
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Karl-Franzens-University Graz, Schubertstr. 1, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Philipp Jokesch
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Karl-Franzens-University Graz, Schubertstr. 1, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Alexandra Schweiger
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Karl-Franzens-University Graz, Schubertstr. 1, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Martha Gschwandtner
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Tanja Gerlza
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Karl-Franzens-University Graz, Schubertstr. 1, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Manuel Koch
- Institute for Dental Research and Oral Musculoskeletal Biology, Faculty of Medicine and University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne, Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 52, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | - Kim S. Midwood
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Roosevelt Drive, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Andreas J. Kungl
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Karl-Franzens-University Graz, Schubertstr. 1, 8010 Graz, Austria
- Antagonis Biotherapeutics GmbH, Strasserhofweg 77a, 8045 Graz, Austria
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Geiduschek EK, McDowell CM. The Fibro-Inflammatory Response in the Glaucomatous Optic Nerve Head. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:13240. [PMID: 37686046 PMCID: PMC10487997 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241713240] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/19/2023] [Revised: 08/24/2023] [Accepted: 08/25/2023] [Indexed: 09/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Glaucoma is a progressive disease and the leading cause of irreversible blindness. The limited therapeutics available are only able to manage the common risk factor of glaucoma, elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), indicating a great need for understanding the cellular mechanisms behind optic nerve head (ONH) damage during disease progression. Here we review the known inflammatory and fibrotic changes occurring in the ONH. In addition, we describe a novel mechanism of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and transforming growth factor beta-2 (TGFβ2) signaling crosstalk in the cells of the ONH that contribute to glaucomatous damage. Understanding molecular signaling within and between the cells of the ONH can help identify new drug targets and therapeutics.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Colleen M. McDowell
- Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, WI 53705, USA
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Gschwandtner M, Gammage AN, Deligne C, Mies LFM, Domaingo A, Murdamoothoo D, Loustau T, Schwenzer A, Derler R, Carapito R, Koch M, Mörgelin M, Orend G, Kungl AJ, Midwood KS. Investigating Chemokine-Matrix Networks in Breast Cancer: Tenascin-C Sets the Tone for CCL2. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:8365. [PMID: 37176074 PMCID: PMC10179296 DOI: 10.3390/ijms24098365] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/31/2023] [Revised: 04/19/2023] [Accepted: 04/21/2023] [Indexed: 05/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Bidirectional dialogue between cellular and non-cellular components of the tumor microenvironment (TME) drives cancer survival. In the extracellular space, combinations of matrix molecules and soluble mediators provide external cues that dictate the behavior of TME resident cells. Often studied in isolation, integrated cues from complex tissue microenvironments likely function more cohesively. Here, we study the interplay between the matrix molecule tenascin-C (TNC) and chemokine CCL2, both elevated in and associated with the progression of breast cancer and playing key roles in myeloid immune responses. We uncover a correlation between TNC/CCL2 tissue levels in HER2+ breast cancer and examine the physical and functional interactions of these molecules in a murine disease model with tunable TNC levels and in in vitro cellular and cell-free models. TNC supported sustained CCL2 synthesis, with chemokine binding to TNC via two distinct domains. TNC dominated the behavior of tumor-resident myeloid cells; CCL2 did not impact macrophage survival/activation whilst TNC facilitated an immune suppressive macrophage phenotype that was not dependent on or altered by CCL2 co-expression. Together, these data map new binding partners within the TME and demonstrate that whilst the matrix exerts transcriptional control over the chemokine, each plays a distinct role in subverting anti-tumoral immunity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Anís N. Gammage
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Claire Deligne
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Linda F. M. Mies
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Alissa Domaingo
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Devardarssen Murdamoothoo
- INSERM U1109-MN3T, The Microenvironmental Niche in Tumorigenesis and Targeted Therapy, 67091 Strasbourg, France
- University of Strasbourg, 67091 Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), 67091 Strasbourg, France
- INSERM U1109, The Tumor Microenvironment Group, 67091 Strasbourg, France
| | - Thomas Loustau
- INSERM U1109-MN3T, The Microenvironmental Niche in Tumorigenesis and Targeted Therapy, 67091 Strasbourg, France
- University of Strasbourg, 67091 Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), 67091 Strasbourg, France
- INSERM U1109, The Tumor Microenvironment Group, 67091 Strasbourg, France
| | - Anja Schwenzer
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| | - Rupert Derler
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Raphael Carapito
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), 67091 Strasbourg, France
- Laboratoire d’ImmunoRhumatologie Moléculaire, GENOMAX Platform, INSERM UMR_S 1109, Faculté de Médecine, Fédération Hospitalo-Universitaire OMICARE, ITI TRANSPLANTEX NG, Université de Strasbourg, 67091 Strasbourg, France
| | - Manuel Koch
- Institute for Dental Research and Oral, Musculoskeletal Research, Center for Biochemistry, University of Cologne, 50931 Cologne, Germany
| | | | - Gertraud Orend
- INSERM U1109-MN3T, The Microenvironmental Niche in Tumorigenesis and Targeted Therapy, 67091 Strasbourg, France
- University of Strasbourg, 67091 Strasbourg, France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), 67091 Strasbourg, France
- INSERM U1109, The Tumor Microenvironment Group, 67091 Strasbourg, France
| | - Andreas J. Kungl
- Institute of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Graz, 8010 Graz, Austria
| | - Kim S. Midwood
- Kennedy Institute of Rheumatology, University of Oxford, Oxford OX3 7FY, UK
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Yuan Z, Li Y, Zhang S, Wang X, Dou H, Yu X, Zhang Z, Yang S, Xiao M. Extracellular matrix remodeling in tumor progression and immune escape: from mechanisms to treatments. Mol Cancer 2023; 22:48. [PMID: 36906534 PMCID: PMC10007858 DOI: 10.1186/s12943-023-01744-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 86] [Impact Index Per Article: 86.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2023] [Accepted: 02/11/2023] [Indexed: 03/13/2023] Open
Abstract
The malignant tumor is a multi-etiological, systemic and complex disease characterized by uncontrolled cell proliferation and distant metastasis. Anticancer treatments including adjuvant therapies and targeted therapies are effective in eliminating cancer cells but in a limited number of patients. Increasing evidence suggests that the extracellular matrix (ECM) plays an important role in tumor development through changes in macromolecule components, degradation enzymes and stiffness. These variations are under the control of cellular components in tumor tissue via the aberrant activation of signaling pathways, the interaction of the ECM components to multiple surface receptors, and mechanical impact. Additionally, the ECM shaped by cancer regulates immune cells which results in an immune suppressive microenvironment and hinders the efficacy of immunotherapies. Thus, the ECM acts as a barrier to protect cancer from treatments and supports tumor progression. Nevertheless, the profound regulatory network of the ECM remodeling hampers the design of individualized antitumor treatment. Here, we elaborate on the composition of the malignant ECM, and discuss the specific mechanisms of the ECM remodeling. Precisely, we highlight the impact of the ECM remodeling on tumor development, including proliferation, anoikis, metastasis, angiogenesis, lymphangiogenesis, and immune escape. Finally, we emphasize ECM "normalization" as a potential strategy for anti-malignant treatment.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Zhennan Yuan
- Department of Oncological Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Yingpu Li
- Department of Oncological Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Sifan Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Xueying Wang
- Department of Otolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - He Dou
- Department of Oncological Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Xi Yu
- Department of Gynecological Oncology, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China
| | - Zhiren Zhang
- NHC Key Laboratory of Cell Transplantation, The First Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University, Harbin, 150001, China.,Institute of Metabolic Disease, Heilongjiang Academy of Medical Science, Heilongjiang Key Laboratory for Metabolic Disorder and Cancer Related Cardiovascular Diseases, Harbin, 150001, China
| | - Shanshan Yang
- Department of Gynecological Radiotherapy, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150000, China.
| | - Min Xiao
- Department of Oncological Surgery, Harbin Medical University Cancer Hospital, Harbin, 150081, China.
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Yang Y, Li H, Fotopoulou C, Cunnea P, Zhao X. Toll-like receptor-targeted anti-tumor therapies: Advances and challenges. Front Immunol 2022; 13:1049340. [PMID: 36479129 PMCID: PMC9721395 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.1049340] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Accepted: 10/31/2022] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptors (TLRs) are pattern recognition receptors, originally discovered to stimulate innate immune reactions against microbial infection. TLRs also play essential roles in bridging the innate and adaptive immune system, playing multiple roles in inflammation, autoimmune diseases, and cancer. Thanks to the immune stimulatory potential of TLRs, TLR-targeted strategies in cancer treatment have proved to be able to regulate the tumor microenvironment towards tumoricidal phenotypes. Quantities of pre-clinical studies and clinical trials using TLR-targeted strategies in treating cancer have been initiated, with some drugs already becoming part of standard care. Here we review the structure, ligand, signaling pathways, and expression of TLRs; we then provide an overview of the pre-clinical studies and an updated clinical trial watch targeting each TLR in cancer treatment; and finally, we discuss the challenges and prospects of TLR-targeted therapy.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Yang Yang
- Development and Related Disease of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Hongyi Li
- Development and Related Disease of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| | - Christina Fotopoulou
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Paula Cunnea
- Division of Cancer, Department of Surgery and Cancer, Faculty of Medicine, Imperial College London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Xia Zhao
- Development and Related Disease of Women and Children Key Laboratory of Sichuan Province, Key Laboratory of Birth Defects and Related Diseases of Women and Children, Ministry of Education, Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, West China Second Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Yilmaz A, Loustau T, Salomé N, Poilil Surendran S, Li C, Tucker RP, Izzi V, Lamba R, Koch M, Orend G. Advances on the roles of tenascin-C in cancer. J Cell Sci 2022; 135:276631. [PMID: 36102918 PMCID: PMC9584351 DOI: 10.1242/jcs.260244] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The roles of the extracellular matrix molecule tenascin-C (TNC) in health and disease have been extensively reviewed since its discovery over 40 years ago. Here, we will describe recent insights into the roles of TNC in tumorigenesis, angiogenesis, immunity and metastasis. In addition to high levels of expression in tumors, and during chronic inflammation, and bacterial and viral infection, TNC is also expressed in lymphoid organs. This supports potential roles for TNC in immunity control. Advances using murine models with engineered TNC levels were instrumental in the discovery of important functions of TNC as a danger-associated molecular pattern (DAMP) molecule in tissue repair and revealed multiple TNC actions in tumor progression. TNC acts through distinct mechanisms on many different cell types with immune cells coming into focus as important targets of TNC in cancer. We will describe how this knowledge could be exploited for cancer disease management, in particular for immune (checkpoint) therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alev Yilmaz
- The Tumor Microenvironment Laboratory, INSERM U1109, Hôpital Civil, Institut d'Hématologie et d'Immunologie 1 , 1 Place de l'Hôpital, 67091 Strasbourg , France
- Université Strasbourg 2 , 67000 Strasbourg , France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS) 3 , 67000 Strasbourg , France
| | - Thomas Loustau
- The Tumor Microenvironment Laboratory, INSERM U1109, Hôpital Civil, Institut d'Hématologie et d'Immunologie 1 , 1 Place de l'Hôpital, 67091 Strasbourg , France
- Université Strasbourg 2 , 67000 Strasbourg , France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS) 3 , 67000 Strasbourg , France
| | - Nathalie Salomé
- The Tumor Microenvironment Laboratory, INSERM U1109, Hôpital Civil, Institut d'Hématologie et d'Immunologie 1 , 1 Place de l'Hôpital, 67091 Strasbourg , France
- Université Strasbourg 2 , 67000 Strasbourg , France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS) 3 , 67000 Strasbourg , France
| | - Suchithra Poilil Surendran
- The Tumor Microenvironment Laboratory, INSERM U1109, Hôpital Civil, Institut d'Hématologie et d'Immunologie 1 , 1 Place de l'Hôpital, 67091 Strasbourg , France
- Université Strasbourg 2 , 67000 Strasbourg , France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS) 3 , 67000 Strasbourg , France
| | - Chengbei Li
- The Tumor Microenvironment Laboratory, INSERM U1109, Hôpital Civil, Institut d'Hématologie et d'Immunologie 1 , 1 Place de l'Hôpital, 67091 Strasbourg , France
- Université Strasbourg 2 , 67000 Strasbourg , France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS) 3 , 67000 Strasbourg , France
| | - Richard P. Tucker
- University of California at Davis 4 Department of Cell Biology and Human Anatomy , , 95616 Davis, CA , USA
| | - Valerio Izzi
- University of Oulu 5 Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine , , FI-90014 Oulu , Finland
- University of Oulu 6 Faculty of Medicine , , FI-90014 Oulu , Finland
| | - Rijuta Lamba
- University of Oulu 5 Faculty of Biochemistry and Molecular Medicine , , FI-90014 Oulu , Finland
- University of Oulu 6 Faculty of Medicine , , FI-90014 Oulu , Finland
| | - Manuel Koch
- Institute for Dental Research and Oral Musculoskeletal Research, Center for Biochemistry, Center for Molecular Medicine Cologne (CMMC) 7 , Faculty of Medicine and , Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 52, 50931 Cologne , Germany
- University Hospital Cologne, University of Cologne 7 , Faculty of Medicine and , Joseph-Stelzmann-Str. 52, 50931 Cologne , Germany
| | - Gertraud Orend
- The Tumor Microenvironment Laboratory, INSERM U1109, Hôpital Civil, Institut d'Hématologie et d'Immunologie 1 , 1 Place de l'Hôpital, 67091 Strasbourg , France
- Université Strasbourg 2 , 67000 Strasbourg , France
- Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS) 3 , 67000 Strasbourg , France
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Yamada M, Iwase M, Sasaki B, Suzuki N. The molecular regulation of oligodendrocyte development and CNS myelination by ECM proteins. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:952135. [PMID: 36147746 PMCID: PMC9488109 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.952135] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 08/08/2022] [Indexed: 11/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes are myelin-forming cells in the central nervous system (CNS). The development of oligodendrocytes is regulated by a large number of molecules, including extracellular matrix (ECM) proteins that are relatively less characterized. Here, we review the molecular functions of the major ECM proteins in oligodendrocyte development and pathology. Among the ECM proteins, laminins are positive regulators in oligodendrocyte survival, differentiation, and/or myelination in the CNS. Conversely, fibronectin, tenascin-C, hyaluronan, and chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans suppress the differentiation and myelination. Tenascin-R shows either positive or negative functions in these activities. In addition, the extracellular domain of the transmembrane protein teneurin-4, which possesses the sequence homology with tenascins, promotes the differentiation of oligodendrocytes. The activities of these ECM proteins are exerted through binding to the cellular receptors and co-receptors, such as integrins and growth factor receptors, which induces the signaling to form the elaborated and functional structure of myelin. Further, the ECM proteins dynamically change their structures and functions at the pathological conditions as multiple sclerosis. The ECM proteins are a critical player to serve as a component of the microenvironment for oligodendrocytes in their development and pathology.
Collapse
|
11
|
Bijelić D, Adžić M, Perić M, Reiss G, Milošević M, Andjus PR, Jakovčevski I. Tenascin-C fibronectin D domain is involved in the fine-tuning of glial response to CNS injury in vitro. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:952208. [PMID: 36092707 PMCID: PMC9462431 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.952208] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/24/2022] [Accepted: 07/18/2022] [Indexed: 11/19/2022] Open
Abstract
Understanding processes that occur after injuries to the central nervous system is essential in order to gain insight into how the restoration of function can be improved. Extracellular glycoprotein tenascin-C (TnC) has numerous functions in wound healing process depending on the expression time, location, isoform and binding partners which makes it interesting to study in this context. We used an in vitro injury model, the mixed culture of cortical astrocytes and microglia, and observed that without TnC microglial cells tend to populate gap area in greater numbers and proliferate more, whereas astrocytes build up in the border region to promote faster gap closure. Alternatively spliced domain of TnC, fibronectin type III-like repeat D (FnD) strongly affected physiological properties and morphology of both astrocytes and microglia in this injury model. The rate of microglial proliferation in the injury region decreased significantly with the addition of FnD. Additionally, density of microglia also decreased, in part due to reduced proliferation, and possibly due to reduced migration and increased contact inhibition between enlarged FnD-treated cells. Overall morphology of FnD-treated microglia resembled the activated pro-inflammatory cells, and elevated expression of iNOS was in accordance with this phenotype. The effect of FnD on astrocytes was different, as it did not affect their proliferation, but stimulated migration of reactivated astrocytes into the scratched area 48 h after the lesion. Elevated expression and secretion of TNF-α and IL-1β upon FnD treatment indicated the onset of inflammation. Furthermore, on Western blots we observed increased intensity of precursor bands of β1 integrin and appearance of monomeric bands of P2Y12R after FnD treatment which substantiates and clarifies its role in cellular shape and motility changes. Our results show versatile functions of TnC and in particular FnD after injury, mostly contributing to ongoing inflammation in the injury region. Based on our findings, FnD might be instrumental in limiting immune cell infiltration, and promoting astrocyte migration within the injury region, thus influencing spaciotemporal organization of the wound and surrounding area.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dunja Bijelić
- Centre for Laser Microscopy, Institute of Physiology and Biochemistry “Ivan Djaja”, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- *Correspondence: Dunja Bijelić, ; Igor Jakovčevski,
| | - Marija Adžić
- Centre for Laser Microscopy, Institute of Physiology and Biochemistry “Ivan Djaja”, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mina Perić
- Centre for Laser Microscopy, Institute of Physiology and Biochemistry “Ivan Djaja”, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
- Laboratory for Human Molecular Genetics, Institute of Molecular Genetics and Genetic Engineering, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Gebhard Reiss
- Institute for Anatomy and Clinical Morphology, University Witten / Herdecke, Witten, Germany
| | - Milena Milošević
- Centre for Laser Microscopy, Institute of Physiology and Biochemistry “Ivan Djaja”, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Pavle R. Andjus
- Centre for Laser Microscopy, Institute of Physiology and Biochemistry “Ivan Djaja”, Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Igor Jakovčevski
- Institute for Anatomy and Clinical Morphology, University Witten / Herdecke, Witten, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
The Extracellular Matrix Proteins Tenascin-C and Tenascin-R Retard Oligodendrocyte Precursor Maturation and Myelin Regeneration in a Cuprizone-Induced Long-Term Demyelination Animal Model. Cells 2022; 11:cells11111773. [PMID: 35681468 PMCID: PMC9179356 DOI: 10.3390/cells11111773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/01/2022] [Revised: 05/16/2022] [Accepted: 05/20/2022] [Indexed: 02/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes are the myelinating cells of the central nervous system. The physiological importance of oligodendrocytes is highlighted by diseases such as multiple sclerosis, in which the myelin sheaths are degraded and the axonal signal transmission is compromised. In a healthy brain, spontaneous remyelination is rare, and newly formed myelin sheaths are thinner and shorter than the former ones. The myelination process requires the migration, proliferation, and differentiation of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs) and is influenced by proteins of the extracellular matrix (ECM), which consists of a network of glycoproteins and proteoglycans. In particular, the glycoprotein tenascin-C (Tnc) has an inhibitory effect on the differentiation of OPCs and the remyelination efficiency of oligodendrocytes. The structurally similar tenascin-R (Tnr) exerts an inhibitory influence on the formation of myelin membranes in vitro. When Tnc knockout oligodendrocytes were applied to an in vitro myelination assay using artificial fibers, a higher number of sheaths per single cell were obtained compared to the wild-type control. This effect was enhanced by adding brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) to the culture system. Tnr−/− oligodendrocytes behaved differently in that the number of formed sheaths per single cell was decreased, indicating that Tnr supports the differentiation of OPCs. In order to study the functions of tenascin proteins in vivo Tnc−/− and Tnr−/− mice were exposed to Cuprizone-induced demyelination for a period of 10 weeks. Both Tnc−/− and Tnr−/− mouse knockout lines displayed a significant increase in the regenerating myelin sheath thickness after Cuprizone treatment. Furthermore, in the absence of either tenascin, the number of OPCs was increased. These results suggest that the fine-tuning of myelin regeneration is regulated by the major tenascin proteins of the CNS.
Collapse
|
13
|
Dzyubenko E, Manrique-Castano D, Pillath-Eilers M, Vasileiadou P, Reinhard J, Faissner A, Hermann DM. Tenascin-C restricts reactive astrogliosis in the ischemic brain. Matrix Biol 2022; 110:1-15. [DOI: 10.1016/j.matbio.2022.04.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Revised: 03/21/2022] [Accepted: 04/12/2022] [Indexed: 10/18/2022]
|
14
|
Bauch J, Ort SV, Ulc A, Faissner A. Tenascins Interfere With Remyelination in an Ex Vivo Cerebellar Explant Model of Demyelination. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:819967. [PMID: 35372366 PMCID: PMC8965512 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.819967] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/22/2021] [Accepted: 02/24/2022] [Indexed: 01/02/2023] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes form myelin membranes and thereby secure the insulation of axons and the rapid conduction of action potentials. Diseases such as multiple sclerosis highlight the importance of this glial cell population for brain function. In the adult brain, efficient remyelination following the damage to oligodendrocytes is compromised. Myelination is characterized by proliferation, migration, and proper integration of oligodendrocyte precursor cells (OPCs). These processes are among others controlled by proteins of the extracellular matrix (ECM). As a prominent representative ECM molecule, tenascin-C (Tnc) exerts an inhibitory effect on the migration and differentiation of OPCs. The structurally similar paralogue tenascin-R (Tnr) is known to promote the differentiation of oligodendrocytes. The model of lysolecithin-induced demyelination of cerebellar slice cultures represents an important tool for the analysis of the remyelination process. Ex vivo cerebellar explant cultures of Tnc−/− and Tnr−/− mouse lines displayed enhanced remyelination by forming thicker myelin membranes upon exposure to lysolecithin. The inhibitory effect of tenascins on remyelination could be confirmed when demyelinated wildtype control cultures were exposed to purified Tnc or Tnr protein. In that approach, the remyelination efficiency decreased in a dose-dependent manner with increasing concentrations of ECM molecules added. In order to examine potential roles in a complex in vivo environment, we successfully established cuprizone-based acute demyelination to analyze the remyelination behavior after cuprizone withdrawal in SV129, Tnc−/−, and Tnr−/− mice. In addition, we documented by immunohistochemistry in the cuprizone model the expression of chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans that are inhibitory for the differentiation of OPCs. In conclusion, inhibitory properties of Tnc and Tnr for myelin membrane formation could be demonstrated by using an ex vivo approach.
Collapse
|
15
|
Chelluboina B, Chokkalla AK, Mehta SL, Morris-Blanco KC, Bathula S, Sankar S, Park JS, Vemuganti R. Tenascin-C induction exacerbates post-stroke brain damage. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2022; 42:253-263. [PMID: 34689646 PMCID: PMC9122520 DOI: 10.1177/0271678x211056392] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
The role of tenascin-C (TNC) in ischemic stroke pathology is not known despite its prognostic association with cerebrovascular diseases. Here, we investigated the effect of TNC knockdown on post-stroke brain damage and its putative mechanism of action in adult mice of both sexes. Male and female C57BL/6 mice were subjected to transient middle cerebral artery occlusion and injected (i.v.) with either TNC siRNA or a negative (non-targeting) siRNA at 5 min after reperfusion. Motor function (beam walk and rotarod tests) was assessed between days 1 and 14 of reperfusion. Infarct volume (T2-MRI), BBB damage (T1-MRI with contrast), and inflammatory markers were measured at 3 days of reperfusion. The TNC siRNA treated cohort showed significantly curtailed post-stroke TNC protein expression, motor dysfunction, infarction, BBB damage, and inflammation compared to the sex-matched negative siRNA treated cohort. These results demonstrate that the induction of TNC during the acute period after stroke might be a mediator of post-ischemic inflammation and secondary brain damage independent of sex.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Bharath Chelluboina
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Anil K Chokkalla
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.,Cellular and Molecular Pathology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Suresh L Mehta
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | | | | | - Sneha Sankar
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Jin Soo Park
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Raghu Vemuganti
- Department of Neurological Surgery, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.,Cellular and Molecular Pathology Graduate Program, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.,William S. Middleton Veterans Administration Hospital, Madison, WI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Age of Rats Affects the Degree of Retinal Neuroinflammatory Response Induced by High Acute Intraocular Pressure. DISEASE MARKERS 2022; 2022:9404977. [PMID: 35132339 PMCID: PMC8817888 DOI: 10.1155/2022/9404977] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/27/2021] [Accepted: 01/08/2022] [Indexed: 12/16/2022]
Abstract
Purpose To investigate whether retinal neuroinflammatory response was affected by aging in a rat model of acute glaucoma. Methods Young adult and aged rats were randomly assigned into normal control, 45 mmHg, 60 mmHg, and 90 mmHg groups. Intraocular pressure (IOP) of rats was acutely elevated to 45 mmHg, 60 mmHg, and 90 mmHg, respectively. Three days after high IOP treatment, loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), formation of proinflammatory microglia/macrophages and neurotoxic astrocytes, and deposition of complement C3 in the retina were detected by immunofluorescence. ELISA was used to assess the protein levels of proinflammatory cytokines TNF and IL-1β in the retina. Results Compared with young adult retinae, (1) loss of RGCs was more severe in aged retinae under the same IOP treatment, (2) microglia/macrophages were more prone to adopt proinflammatory phenotype in aged retinae in response to elevated IOP, (3) high IOP treatment induced astrogliosis, formation of neurotoxic astrocytes, and deposition of complement C3 more easily in aged retinae, and (4) aged retinae induced higher levels of proinflammatory cytokines TNF and IL-1β under the same IOP treatment. Conclusion Our data indicated that aging affects the degree of retinal neuroinflammatory response initiated by ocular hypertension, which may contribute to the age-related susceptibility of RGCs to elevated IOP.
Collapse
|
17
|
Wang YJ, Downey MA, Choi S, Shoup TM, Elmaleh DR. Cromolyn platform suppresses fibrosis and inflammation, promotes microglial phagocytosis and neurite outgrowth. Sci Rep 2021; 11:22161. [PMID: 34772945 PMCID: PMC8589953 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-00465-6] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/07/2021] [Indexed: 12/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Neurodegenerative diseases are characterized by chronic neuroinflammation and may perpetuate ongoing fibrotic reactions within the central nervous system. Unfortunately, there is no therapeutic available that treats neurodegenerative inflammation and its sequelae. Here we utilize cromolyn, a mast cell inhibitor with anti-inflammatory capabilities, and its fluorinated analogue F-cromolyn to study fibrosis-related protein regulation and secretion downstream of neuroinflammation and their ability to promote microglial phagocytosis and neurite outgrowth. In this report, RNA-seq analysis shows that administration of the pro-inflammatory cytokine TNF-α to HMC3 human microglia results in a robust upregulation of fibrosis-associated genes. Subsequent treatment with cromolyn and F-cromolyn resulted in reduced secretion of collagen XVIII, fibronectin, and tenascin-c. Additionally, we show that cromolyn and F-cromolyn reduce pro-inflammatory proteins PLP1, PELP1, HSP90, IL-2, GRO-α, Eotaxin, and VEGF-Α, while promoting secretion of anti-inflammatory IL-4 in HMC3 microglia. Furthermore, cromolyn and F-cromolyn augment neurite outgrowth in PC12 neuronal cells in concert with nerve growth factor. Treatment also differentially altered secretion of neurogenesis-related proteins TTL, PROX1, Rab35, and CSDE1 in HMC3 microglia. Finally, iPSC-derived human microglia more readily phagocytose Aβ42 with cromolyn and F-cromolyn relative to controls. We propose the cromolyn platform targets multiple proteins upstream of PI3K/Akt/mTOR, NF-κB, and GSK-3β signaling pathways to affect cytokine, chemokine, and fibrosis-related protein expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | | | - Sungwoon Choi
- Department of New Drug Discovery, Chungnam National University, Daejeon, South Korea
| | - Timothy M Shoup
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02129-2060, USA
| | - David R Elmaleh
- AZTherapies, Inc., Boston, MA, USA.
- Department of Radiology, Massachusetts General Hospital and Harvard Medical School, Boston, MA, 02129-2060, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Tucić M, Stamenković V, Andjus P. The Extracellular Matrix Glycoprotein Tenascin C and Adult Neurogenesis. Front Cell Dev Biol 2021; 9:674199. [PMID: 33996833 PMCID: PMC8117239 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2021.674199] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/28/2021] [Accepted: 04/09/2021] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Tenascin C (TnC) is a glycoprotein highly expressed in the extracellular matrix (ECM) during development and in the adult central nervous system (CNS) in regions of active neurogenesis, where neuron development is a tightly regulated process orchestrated by extracellular matrix components. In addition, newborn cells also communicate with glial cells, astrocytes and microglia, indicating the importance of signal integration in adult neurogenesis. Although TnC has been recognized as an important molecule in the regulation of cell proliferation and migration, complete regulatory pathways still need to be elucidated. In this review we discuss the formation of new neurons in the adult hippocampus and the olfactory system with specific reference to TnC and its regulating functions in this process. Better understanding of the ECM signaling in the niche of the CNS will have significant implications for regenerative therapies.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Milena Tucić
- Center for Laser Microscopy, Institute for Physiology and Biochemistry "Jean Giaja", Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Vera Stamenković
- Center for Laser Microscopy, Institute for Physiology and Biochemistry "Jean Giaja", Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Pavle Andjus
- Center for Laser Microscopy, Institute for Physiology and Biochemistry "Jean Giaja", Faculty of Biology, University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Putavet DA, de Keizer PLJ. Residual Disease in Glioma Recurrence: A Dangerous Liaison with Senescence. Cancers (Basel) 2021; 13:1560. [PMID: 33805316 PMCID: PMC8038015 DOI: 10.3390/cancers13071560] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/31/2020] [Revised: 03/11/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2021] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
With a dismally low median survival of less than two years after diagnosis, Glioblastoma (GBM) is the most lethal type of brain cancer. The standard-of-care of surgical resection, followed by DNA-damaging chemo-/radiotherapy, is often non-curative. In part, this is because individual cells close to the resection border remain alive and eventually undergo renewed proliferation. These residual, therapy-resistant cells lead to rapid recurrence, against which no effective treatment exists to date. Thus, new experimental approaches need to be developed against residual disease to prevent GBM survival and recurrence. Cellular senescence is an attractive area for the development of such new approaches. Senescence can occur in healthy cells when they are irreparably damaged. Senescent cells develop a chronic secretory phenotype that is generally considered pro-tumorigenic and pro-migratory. Age is a negative prognostic factor for GBM stage, and, with age, senescence steadily increases. Moreover, chemo-/radiotherapy can provide an additional increase in senescence close to the tumor. In light of this, we will review the importance of senescence in the tumor-supportive brain parenchyma, focusing on the invasion and growth of GBM in residual disease. We will propose a future direction on the application of anti-senescence therapies against recurrent GBM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
| | - Peter L. J. de Keizer
- Center for Molecular Medicine, Division LAB, University Medical Center Utrecht, 3584CG Utrecht, The Netherlands;
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Peng R, Li Y. Associations Between Tenascin-C and Testosterone Deficiency in Men with Major Depressive Disorder: A Cross-Sectional Retrospective Study. J Inflamm Res 2021; 14:897-905. [PMID: 33758529 PMCID: PMC7981168 DOI: 10.2147/jir.s298270] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/20/2020] [Accepted: 03/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Elevated levels of tenascin-C are linked to increased risk and severity of major depressive disorder (MDD), while testosterone shows a protective effect. The present study explored associations between serum levels of tenascin-C and testosterone in Chinese men with MDD. Methods Testosterone and tenascin-C levels were measured in sera of 412 men with MDD and 237 age- and sex-matched controls. Serum levels of thyroid hormone, lipids, and high-sensitivity C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) were also quantified. Potential associations were examined using covariance, subgroup analysis, and multivariate linear regression analyses. Results Significantly higher concentrations of tenascin-C were detected in sera of subjects with MDD than in controls. Among subjects with MDD, testosterone concentrations inversely correlated with tenascin-C levels. This relationship was observed when patients were stratified by age at onset; duration or severity of depression; or concentration of thyroid hormones, low- or high-density lipoprotein, or hs-CRP. The negative association remained even when the statistical model was adjusted for age, smoking status, alcohol use, and body mass index. Linear regression with bootstrap resampling confirmed that high tenascin-C levels inversely correlated with testosterone levels. Conclusion In men with MDD, high tenascin-C concentrations correlate with testosterone deficiency. The combination of elevated tenascin-C and testosterone deficiency may be associated with MDD progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Rui Peng
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430060, People's Republic of China
| | - Yan Li
- Department of Clinical Laboratory, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan, Hubei Province, 430060, People's Republic of China
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Extracellular Matrix Remodeling in the Retina and Optic Nerve of a Novel Glaucoma Mouse Model. BIOLOGY 2021; 10:biology10030169. [PMID: 33668263 PMCID: PMC7996343 DOI: 10.3390/biology10030169] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2021] [Revised: 02/14/2021] [Accepted: 02/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
Simple Summary Glaucoma is a leading cause of blindness worldwide, and increased age and intraocular pressure (IOP) are the major risk factors. Glaucoma is characterized by the death of nerve cells and the loss of optic nerve fibers. Recently, evidence has accumulated indicating that proteins in the environment of nerve cells, called the extracellular matrix (ECM), play an important role in glaucomatous neurodegeneration. Depending on its constitution, the ECM can influence either the survival or the death of nerve cells. Thus, the aim of our study was to comparatively explore alterations of various ECM molecules in the retina and optic nerve of aged control and glaucomatous mice with chronic IOP elevation. Interestingly, we observed elevated levels of blood vessel and glial cell-associated ECM components in the glaucomatous retina and optic nerve, which could be responsible for various pathological processes. A better understanding of the underlying signaling mechanisms may help to develop new diagnostic and therapeutic strategies for glaucoma patients. Abstract Glaucoma is a neurodegenerative disease that is characterized by the loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGC) and optic nerve fibers. Increased age and intraocular pressure (IOP) elevation are the main risk factors for developing glaucoma. Mice that are heterozygous (HET) for the mega-karyocyte protein tyrosine phosphatase 2 (PTP-Meg2) show chronic and progressive IOP elevation, severe RGCs loss, and optic nerve damage, and represent a valuable model for IOP-dependent primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG). Previously, evidence accumulated suggesting that glaucomatous neurodegeneration is associated with the extensive remodeling of extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules. Unfortunately, little is known about the exact ECM changes in the glaucomatous retina and optic nerve. Hence, the goal of the present study was to comparatively explore ECM alterations in glaucomatous PTP-Meg2 HET and control wild type (WT) mice. Due to their potential relevance in glaucomatous neurodegeneration, we specifically analyzed the expression pattern of the ECM glycoproteins fibronectin, laminin, tenascin-C, and tenascin-R as well as the proteoglycans aggrecan, brevican, and members of the receptor protein tyrosine phosphatase beta/zeta (RPTPβ/ζ) family. The analyses were carried out in the retina and optic nerve of glaucomatous PTP-Meg2 HET and WT mice using quantitative real-time PCR (RT-qPCR), immunohistochemistry, and Western blot. Interestingly, we observed increased fibronectin and laminin levels in the glaucomatous HET retina and optic nerve compared to the WT group. RT-qPCR analyses of the laminins α4, β2 and γ3 showed an altered isoform-specific regulation in the HET retina and optic nerve. In addition, an upregulation of tenascin-C and its interaction partner RPTPβ/ζ/phosphacan was found in glaucomatous tissue. However, comparable protein and mRNA levels for tenascin-R as well as aggrecan and brevican were observed in both groups. Overall, our study showed a remodeling of various ECM components in the glaucomatous retina and optic nerve of PTP-Meg2 HET mice. This dysregulation could be responsible for pathological processes such as neovascularization, inflammation, and reactive gliosis in glaucomatous neurodegeneration.
Collapse
|
22
|
Wegrzyn D, Freund N, Faissner A, Juckel G. Poly I:C Activated Microglia Disrupt Perineuronal Nets and Modulate Synaptic Balance in Primary Hippocampal Neurons in vitro. Front Synaptic Neurosci 2021; 13:637549. [PMID: 33708102 PMCID: PMC7940526 DOI: 10.3389/fnsyn.2021.637549] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/03/2020] [Accepted: 02/03/2021] [Indexed: 12/31/2022] Open
Abstract
Perineuronal nets (PNNs) are specialized, reticular structures of the extracellular matrix (ECM) that can be found covering the soma and proximal dendrites of a neuronal subpopulation. Recent studies have shown that PNNs can highly influence synaptic plasticity and are disrupted in different neuropsychiatric disorders like schizophrenia. Interestingly, there is a growing evidence that microglia can promote the loss of PNNs and contribute to neuropsychiatric disorders. Based on this knowledge, we analyzed the impact of activated microglia on hippocampal neuronal networks in vitro. Therefore, primary cortical microglia were cultured and stimulated via polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid (Poly I:C; 50 μg/ml) administration. The Poly I:C treatment induced the expression and secretion of different cytokines belonging to the CCL- and CXCL-motif chemokine family as well as interleukin-6 (IL-6) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α). In addition, the expression of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) could be verified via RT-PCR analysis. Embryonic hippocampal neurons were then cultured for 12 days in vitro (DIV) and treated for 24 h with microglial conditioned medium. Interestingly, immunocytochemical staining of the PNN component Aggrecan revealed a clear disruption of PNNs accompanied by a significant increase of glutamatergic and a decrease of γ-aminobutyric acid-(GABA)ergic synapse numbers on PNN wearing neurons. In contrast, PNN negative neurons showed a significant reduction in both, glutamatergic and GABAergic synapses. Electrophysiological recordings were performed via multielectrode array (MEA) technology and unraveled a significantly increased spontaneous network activity that sustained also 24 and 48 h after the administration of microglia conditioned medium. Taken together, we could observe a strong impact of microglial secreted factors on PNN integrity, synaptic plasticity and electrophysiological properties of cultured neurons. Our observations might enhance the understanding of neuron-microglia interactions considering the ECM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- David Wegrzyn
- Department of Cell Morphology and Molecular Neurobiology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Nadja Freund
- Division of Experimental and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Preventive Medicine, LWL University Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Andreas Faissner
- Department of Cell Morphology and Molecular Neurobiology, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Georg Juckel
- Division of Experimental and Molecular Psychiatry, Department of Psychiatry, Psychotherapy and Preventive Medicine, LWL University Hospital, Ruhr-University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Bijelić D, Adžić M, Perić M, Jakovčevski I, Förster E, Schachner M, Andjus PR. Different Functions of Recombinantly Expressed Domains of Tenascin-C in Glial Scar Formation. Front Immunol 2021; 11:624612. [PMID: 33679718 PMCID: PMC7934619 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.624612] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/31/2020] [Accepted: 12/31/2020] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Extracellular matrix glycoprotein tenascin-C (TnC) is highly expressed in vertebrates during embryonic development and thereafter transiently in tissue niches undergoing extensive remodeling during regeneration after injury. TnC's different functions can be attributed to its multimodular structure represented by distinct domains and alternatively spliced isoforms. Upon central nervous system injury, TnC is upregulated and secreted into the extracellular matrix mainly by astrocytes. The goal of the present study was to elucidate the role of different TnC domains in events that take place after spinal cord injury (SCI). Astrocyte cultures prepared from TnC-deficient (TnC-/-) and wild-type (TnC+/+) mice were scratched and treated with different recombinantly generated TnC fragments. Gap closure, cell proliferation and expression of GFAP and cytokines were determined in these cultures. Gap closure in vitro was found to be delayed by TnC fragments, an effect mainly mediated by decreasing proliferation of astrocytes. The most potent effects were observed with fragments FnD, FnA and their combination. TnC-/- astrocyte cultures exhibited higher GFAP protein and mRNA expression levels, regardless of the type of fragment used for treatment. Application of TnC fragments induced also pro-inflammatory cytokine production by astrocytes in vitro. In vivo, however, the addition of FnD or Fn(D+A) led to a difference between the two genotypes, with higher levels of GFAP expression in TnC+/+ mice. FnD treatment of injured TnC-/- mice increased the density of activated microglia/macrophages in the injury region, while overall cell proliferation in the injury site was not affected. We suggest that altogether these results may explain how the reaction of astrocytes is delayed while their localization is restricted to the border of the injury site to allow microglia/macrophages to form a lesion core during the first stages of glial scar formation, as mediated by TnC and, in particular, the alternatively spliced FnD domain.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Dunja Bijelić
- Centre for Laser Microscopy, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Physiology and Biochemistry "Jean Giaja", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Marija Adžić
- Centre for Laser Microscopy, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Physiology and Biochemistry "Jean Giaja", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Mina Perić
- Centre for Laser Microscopy, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Physiology and Biochemistry "Jean Giaja", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| | - Igor Jakovčevski
- Institut für Neuroanatomie und Molekulare Hirnforschung, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Eckart Förster
- Institut für Neuroanatomie und Molekulare Hirnforschung, Ruhr-Universität Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Melitta Schachner
- Keck Center for Collaborative Neuroscience and Department of Cell Biology and Neuroscience, Rutgers University, Piscataway, NJ, United States
| | - Pavle R Andjus
- Centre for Laser Microscopy, Faculty of Biology, Institute of Physiology and Biochemistry "Jean Giaja", University of Belgrade, Belgrade, Serbia
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Modulatory properties of extracellular matrix glycosaminoglycans and proteoglycans on neural stem cells behavior: Highlights on regenerative potential and bioactivity. Int J Biol Macromol 2021; 171:366-381. [PMID: 33422514 DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2021.01.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/21/2020] [Revised: 01/01/2021] [Accepted: 01/02/2021] [Indexed: 12/25/2022]
Abstract
Despite the poor regenerative capacity of the adult central nervous system (CNS) in mammals, two distinct regions, subventricular zone (SVZ) and the subgranular zone (SGZ), continue to generate new functional neurons throughout life which integrate into the pre-existing neuronal circuitry. This process is not fixed but highly modulated, revealing many intrinsic and extrinsic mechanisms by which this performance can be optimized for a given environment. The capacity for self-renewal, proliferation, migration, and multi-lineage potency of neural stem cells (NSCs) underlines the necessity of controlling stem cell fate. In this context, the native and local microenvironment plays a critical role, and the application of this highly organized architecture in the CNS has been considered as a fundamental concept in the generation of new effective therapeutic strategies in tissue engineering approaches. The brain extracellular matrix (ECM) is composed of biomacromolecules, including glycosaminoglycans, proteoglycans, and glycoproteins that provide various biological actions through biophysical and biochemical signaling pathways. Herein, we review predominantly the structure and function of the mentioned ECM composition and their regulatory impact on multiple and diversity of biological functions, including neural regeneration, survival, migration, differentiation, and final destiny of NSCs.
Collapse
|
25
|
Tenascin-C preserves microglia surveillance and restricts leukocyte and, more specifically, T cell infiltration of the ischemic brain. Brain Behav Immun 2021; 91:639-648. [PMID: 33122023 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2020.10.016] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/18/2020] [Revised: 09/28/2020] [Accepted: 10/13/2020] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
As an endogenous activator of toll-like receptor-4 (Tlr4), the extracellular matrix glycoprotein tenascin-C (TnC) regulates chemotaxis, phagocytosis and proinflammatory cytokine production in microglia. The role of TnC for ischemic brain injury, post-ischemic immune responses and stroke recovery has still not been evaluated. By comparing wild type and TnC-/- mice exposed to transient intraluminal middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO), we examined the effects of TnC deficiency for ischemic injury, neurological deficits, microglia/macrophage activation and brain leukocyte infiltration using behavioural tests, histochemical studies, Western blot, polymerase chain reaction and flow cytometry. Histochemical studies revealed that TnC was de novo expressed in the ischemic striatum, which contained the infarct core, and overlapped with the area of strongest accumulation of Iba1 + microglia/macrophages. TnC deficiency increased overall Iba1 immunoreactivity in the perilesional cortex, suggesting that TnC might restrict the distribution of microglial cells to the infarct core. By analysing microglial morphology in 3D we found that the post-ischemic loss of microglial cell territory, branching and volume at 3 and 7 days post-ischemia was amplified in the brains of TnC deficient compared with wild type mice. Microglial cell number was not different between genotypes. Hence, TnC deficiency reduced tissue surveillance by microglial cells. Concomitantly, the number of infiltrating leukocytes and, more specifically, T cells was increased in the ischemic brain parenchyma of TnC deficient compared with wild type mice. Ischemic injury and neurological deficits were not affected by TnC deficiency. We propose that the reduced microglia surveillance in TnC deficient mice might favour leukocyte accumulation in the ischemic brain.
Collapse
|
26
|
Tenascin-C Function in Glioma: Immunomodulation and Beyond. ADVANCES IN EXPERIMENTAL MEDICINE AND BIOLOGY 2020; 1272:149-172. [PMID: 32845507 DOI: 10.1007/978-3-030-48457-6_9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
First identified in the 1980s, tenascin-C (TNC) is a multi-domain extracellular matrix glycoprotein abundantly expressed during the development of multicellular organisms. TNC level is undetectable in most adult tissues but rapidly and transiently induced by a handful of pro-inflammatory cytokines in a variety of pathological conditions including infection, inflammation, fibrosis, and wound healing. Persistent TNC expression is associated with chronic inflammation and many malignancies, including glioma. By interacting with its receptor integrin and a myriad of other binding partners, TNC elicits context- and cell type-dependent function to regulate cell adhesion, migration, proliferation, and angiogenesis. TNC operates as an endogenous activator of toll-like receptor 4 and promotes inflammatory response by inducing the expression of multiple pro-inflammatory factors in innate immune cells such as microglia and macrophages. In addition, TNC drives macrophage differentiation and polarization predominantly towards an M1-like phenotype. In contrast, TNC shows immunosuppressive function in T cells. In glioma, TNC is expressed by tumor cells and stromal cells; high expression of TNC is correlated with tumor progression and poor prognosis. Besides promoting glioma invasion and angiogenesis, TNC has been found to affect the morphology and function of tumor-associated microglia/macrophages in glioma. Clinically, TNC can serve as a biomarker for tumor progression; and TNC antibodies have been utilized as an adjuvant agent to deliver anti-tumor drugs to target glioma. A better mechanistic understanding of how TNC impacts innate and adaptive immunity during tumorigenesis and tumor progression will open new therapeutic avenues to treat brain tumors and other malignancies.
Collapse
|
27
|
Wiemann S, Reinhard J, Reinehr S, Cibir Z, Joachim SC, Faissner A. Loss of the Extracellular Matrix Molecule Tenascin-C Leads to Absence of Reactive Gliosis and Promotes Anti-inflammatory Cytokine Expression in an Autoimmune Glaucoma Mouse Model. Front Immunol 2020; 11:566279. [PMID: 33162981 PMCID: PMC7581917 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2020.566279] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/27/2020] [Accepted: 08/26/2020] [Indexed: 01/13/2023] Open
Abstract
Previous studies demonstrated that retinal damage correlates with a massive remodeling of extracellular matrix (ECM) molecules and reactive gliosis. However, the functional significance of the ECM in retinal neurodegeneration is still unknown. In the present study, we used an intraocular pressure (IOP) independent experimental autoimmune glaucoma (EAG) mouse model to examine the role of the ECM glycoprotein tenascin-C (Tnc). Wild type (WT ONA) and Tnc knockout (KO ONA) mice were immunized with an optic nerve antigen (ONA) homogenate and control groups (CO) obtained sodium chloride (WT CO, KO CO). IOP was measured weekly and electroretinographies were recorded at the end of the study. Ten weeks after immunization, we analyzed retinal ganglion cells (RGCs), glial cells, and the expression of different cytokines in retina and optic nerve tissue in all four groups. IOP and retinal function were comparable in all groups. Although RGC loss was less severe in KO ONA, WT as well as KO mice displayed a significant cell loss after immunization. Compared to KO ONA, less βIII-tubulin+ axons, and downregulated oligodendrocyte markers were noted in WT ONA optic nerves. In retina and optic nerve, we found an enhanced GFAP+ staining area of astrocytes in immunized WT. A significantly higher number of retinal Iba1+ microglia was found in WT ONA, while a lower number of Iba1+ cells was observed in KO ONA. Furthermore, an increased expression of the glial markers Gfap, Iba1, Nos2, and Cd68 was detected in retinal and optic nerve tissue of WT ONA, whereas comparable levels were observed in KO ONA. In addition, pro-inflammatory Tnfa expression was upregulated in WT ONA, but downregulated in KO ONA. Vice versa, a significantly increased anti-inflammatory Tgfb1 expression was measured in KO ONA animals. We conclude that Tnc plays an important role in glial and inflammatory response during retinal neurodegeneration. Our results provide evidence that Tnc is involved in glaucomatous damage by regulating retinal glial activation and cytokine release. Thus, this transgenic EAG mouse model for the first time offers the possibility to investigate IOP-independent glaucomatous damage in direct relation to ECM remodeling.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susanne Wiemann
- Department of Cell Morphology and Molecular Neurobiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Jacqueline Reinhard
- Department of Cell Morphology and Molecular Neurobiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Sabrina Reinehr
- Experimental Eye Research Institute, University Eye Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Zülal Cibir
- Department of Cell Morphology and Molecular Neurobiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Stephanie C. Joachim
- Experimental Eye Research Institute, University Eye Hospital, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| | - Andreas Faissner
- Department of Cell Morphology and Molecular Neurobiology, Faculty of Biology and Biotechnology, Ruhr University Bochum, Bochum, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Buonfiglioli A, Efe IE, Guneykaya D, Ivanov A, Huang Y, Orlowski E, Krüger C, Deisz RA, Markovic D, Flüh C, Newman AG, Schneider UC, Beule D, Wolf SA, Dzaye O, Gutmann DH, Semtner M, Kettenmann H, Lehnardt S. let-7 MicroRNAs Regulate Microglial Function and Suppress Glioma Growth through Toll-Like Receptor 7. Cell Rep 2020; 29:3460-3471.e7. [PMID: 31825829 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2019.11.029] [Citation(s) in RCA: 62] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/06/2019] [Revised: 08/08/2019] [Accepted: 11/06/2019] [Indexed: 12/20/2022] Open
Abstract
Microglia express Toll-like receptors (TLRs) that sense pathogen- and host-derived factors, including single-stranded RNA. In the brain, let-7 microRNA (miRNA) family members are abundantly expressed, and some have recently been shown to serve as TLR7 ligands. We investigated whether let-7 miRNA family members differentially control microglia biology in health and disease. We found that a subset of let-7 miRNA family members function as signaling molecules to induce microglial release of inflammatory cytokines, modulate antigen presentation, and attenuate cell migration in a TLR7-dependent manner. The capability of the let-7 miRNAs to control microglial function is sequence specific, mapping to a let-7 UUGU motif. In human and murine glioblastoma/glioma, let-7 miRNAs are differentially expressed and reduce murine GL261 glioma growth in the same sequence-specific fashion through microglial TLR7. Taken together, these data establish let-7 miRNAs as key TLR7 signaling activators that serve to regulate the diverse functions of microglia in health and glioma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Alice Buonfiglioli
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Department of Cellular Neurosciences, Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ibrahim E Efe
- Department of Cellular Neurosciences, Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, 13125 Berlin, Germany; Department of Radiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dilansu Guneykaya
- Department of Cellular Neurosciences, Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Andranik Ivanov
- Core Unit Bioinformatics, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Yimin Huang
- Department of Cellular Neurosciences, Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Elisabeth Orlowski
- Department of Cellular Neurosciences, Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Christina Krüger
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Rudolf A Deisz
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Darko Markovic
- Department of Neurosurgery, Helios Clinics, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Charlotte Flüh
- Department of Neurosurgery, University Medical Center Schleswig-Holstein (UKSH), 24105 Kiel, Germany
| | - Andrew G Newman
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Ulf C Schneider
- Department of Neurosurgery, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Dieter Beule
- Core Unit Bioinformatics, Berlin Institute of Health, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, Berlin, Germany
| | - Susanne A Wolf
- Department of Ophthalmology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany
| | - Omar Dzaye
- Department of Radiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Russell H. Morgan Department of Radiology and Radiological Science, Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine, Baltimore, MD, USA
| | - David H Gutmann
- Department of Neurology, Washington University School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO 63110, USA
| | - Marcus Semtner
- Department of Cellular Neurosciences, Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, 13125 Berlin, Germany
| | - Helmut Kettenmann
- Department of Cellular Neurosciences, Max-Delbrueck-Center for Molecular Medicine in the Helmholtz Association, 13125 Berlin, Germany.
| | - Seija Lehnardt
- Institute of Cell Biology and Neurobiology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany; Department of Neurology, Charité - Universitätsmedizin Berlin, corporate member of Freie Universität Berlin, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, and Berlin Institute of Health, 10117 Berlin, Germany.
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Abstract
Microglia are the major immune cells in the central nervous system and play a key role in the normal function of the brain. Microglia exhibit functional diversity, and they control the inflammation in central nervous system through releasing inflammatory cytokine, clearing apoptotic cells via phagocytosis, regulating synaptic plasticity and the formation of neural network by synapse pruning. Recent studies have strongly indicated that the microglial dysfunction is associated with a variety of neuropsychiatric diseases such as depression, which have been termed as "microgliopathy". The emergency of advanced technologies and tools has enabled us to comprehensively understand the role of microglia in physiology and pathology, and growing studies have targetted microglia to explore the treatment of neuropsychiatric diseases. Here, we describe the key progress of microglia research, and review the recent developments in the understanding of the role of microglia in physiology and etiology of depression.
Collapse
|
30
|
Immunomodulatory role of the extracellular matrix protein tenascin-C in neuroinflammation. Biochem Soc Trans 2020; 47:1651-1660. [PMID: 31845742 DOI: 10.1042/bst20190081] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2019] [Revised: 11/14/2019] [Accepted: 11/25/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The extracellular matrix (ECM) consists of a dynamic network of various macromolecules that are synthesized and released by surrounding cells into the intercellular space. Glycoproteins, proteoglycans and fibrillar proteins are main components of the ECM. In addition to general functions such as structure and stability, the ECM controls several cellular signaling pathways. In this context, ECM molecules have a profound influence on intracellular signaling as receptor-, adhesion- and adaptor-proteins. Due to its various functions, the ECM is essential in the healthy organism, but also under pathological conditions. ECM constituents are part of the glial scar, which is formed in several neurodegenerative diseases that are accompanied by the activation and infiltration of glia as well as immune cells. Remodeling of the ECM modulates the release of pro- and anti-inflammatory cytokines affecting the fate of immune, glial and neuronal cells. Tenascin-C is an ECM glycoprotein that is expressed during embryonic central nervous system (CNS) development. In adults it is present at lower levels but reappears under pathological conditions such as in brain tumors, following injury and in neurodegenerative disorders and is highly associated with glial reactivity as well as scar formation. As a key modulator of the immune response during neurodegeneration in the CNS, tenascin-C is highlighted in this mini-review.
Collapse
|