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Lu S, Zhao Q, Guan Y, Sun Z, Li W, Guo S, Zhang A. The communication mechanism of the gut-brain axis and its effect on central nervous system diseases: A systematic review. Biomed Pharmacother 2024; 178:117207. [PMID: 39067168 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2024.117207] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/13/2024] [Revised: 07/15/2024] [Accepted: 07/23/2024] [Indexed: 07/30/2024] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota is involved in intricate and active metabolic processes the host's brain function, especially its role in immune responses, secondary metabolism, and symbiotic connections with the host. Gut microbiota can promote the production of essential metabolites, neurotransmitters, and other neuroactive chemicals that affect the development and treatment of central nervous system diseases. This article introduces the relevant pathways and manners of the communication between the brain and gut, summarizes a comprehensive overview of the current research status of key gut microbiota metabolites that affect the functions of the nervous system, revealing those adverse factors that affect typical communication between the brain-gut axis, and outlining the efforts made by researchers to alleviate these neurological diseases through targeted microbial interventions. The relevant pathways and manners of communication between the brain and gut contribute to the experimental design of new treatment plans and drug development. The factors that may cause changes in gut microbiota and affect metabolites, as well as current intervention methods are summarized, which helps improve gut microbiota brain dialogue, prevent adverse triggering factors from interfering with the gut microbiota system, and minimize neuropathological changes.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shengwen Lu
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, GAP Center, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Qiqi Zhao
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, GAP Center, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Yu Guan
- Department of Pharmaceutical Analysis, GAP Center, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Zhiwen Sun
- Department of Gastroenterology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Wenhao Li
- School of Basic Medical Science of Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Heping Road 24, Harbin 150040, China
| | - Sifan Guo
- International Advanced Functional Omics Platform, Scientific Experiment Center, Hainan Medical University, Xueyuan Road 3, Haikou 571199, China
| | - Aihua Zhang
- International Advanced Functional Omics Platform, Scientific Experiment Center, Hainan Medical University, Xueyuan Road 3, Haikou 571199, China; Graduate School, Heilongjiang University of Chinese Medicine, Harbin 150040, China; INTI International University, Nilai 71800, Malaysia.
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2
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Tang W, Wang Q, Sun M, Liu C, Huang Y, Zhou M, Zhang X, Meng Z, Zhang J. The gut microbiota-oligodendrocyte axis: A promising pathway for modulating oligodendrocyte homeostasis and demyelination-associated disorders. Life Sci 2024; 354:122952. [PMID: 39127317 DOI: 10.1016/j.lfs.2024.122952] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/23/2024] [Revised: 07/22/2024] [Accepted: 08/05/2024] [Indexed: 08/12/2024]
Abstract
The bidirectional regulation between the gut microbiota and brain, known as gut-brain axis, has received significant attention. The myelin sheath, produced by oligodendrocytes or Schwann cells, is essential for efficient nervous signal transmission and the maintenance of brain function. Growing evidence shows that both oligodendrogenesis and myelination are modulated by gut microbiota and its metabolites, and when dysbiosis occurs, changes in the microbiota composition and/or associated metabolites may impact developmental myelination and the occurrence of neurodevelopmental disabilities. Although the link between the microbiota and demyelinating disease such as multiple sclerosis has been extensively studied, our knowledge about the role of the microbiota in other myelin-related disorders, such as neurodegenerative diseases, is limited. Mechanistically, the microbiota-oligodendrocyte axis is primarily mediated by factors such as inflammation, the vagus nerve, endocrine hormones, and microbiota metabolites as evidenced by metagenomics, metabolomics, vagotomy, and morphological and molecular approaches. Treatments targeting this axis include probiotics, prebiotics, microbial metabolites, herbal bioactive compounds, and specific dietary management. In addition to the commonly used approaches, viral vector-mediated tracing and gene manipulation, integrated multiomics and multicenter clinical trials will greatly promote the mechanistic and interventional studies and ultimately, the development of new preventive and therapeutic strategies against gut-oligodendrocyte axis-mediated brain impairments. Interestingly, recent findings showed that microbiota dysbiosis can be induced by hippocampal myelin damage and is reversible by myelin-targeted drugs, which provides new insights into understanding how hippocampus-based functional impairment (such as in neurodegenerative Alzheimer's disease) regulates the peripheral homeostasis of microbiota and associated systemic disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wen Tang
- Department of Gastroenterology, Chongqing Western Hospital, Chongqing 400052, China
| | - Qi Wang
- Department of Neurobiology, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Mingguang Sun
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China; Department of Neurology, Beijing Hospital of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Beijing University of Chinese Medicine, Beijing 100853, China
| | - Chang''e Liu
- Department of Nutrition, The Seventh Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Yonghua Huang
- Department of Neurology, The Seventh Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing 100700, China
| | - Maohu Zhou
- Department of Neurobiology, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Xuan Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China
| | - Zhaoyou Meng
- Department of Neurology, Xinqiao Hospital, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400037, China.
| | - Jiqiang Zhang
- Department of Neurobiology, Army Medical University, Chongqing 400038, China.
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3
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Tu G, Jiang N, Chen W, Liu L, Hu M, Liao B. The neurobiological mechanisms underlying the effects of exercise interventions in autistic individuals. Rev Neurosci 2024; 0:revneuro-2024-0058. [PMID: 39083671 DOI: 10.1515/revneuro-2024-0058] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/22/2024] [Accepted: 07/15/2024] [Indexed: 08/02/2024]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorder is a pervasive and heterogeneous neurodevelopmental condition characterized by social communication difficulties and rigid, repetitive behaviors. Owing to the complex pathogenesis of autism, effective drugs for treating its core features are lacking. Nonpharmacological approaches, including education, social-communication, behavioral and psychological methods, and exercise interventions, play important roles in supporting the needs of autistic individuals. The advantages of exercise intervention, such as its low cost, easy implementation, and high acceptance, have garnered increasing attention. Exercise interventions can effectively improve the core features and co-occurring conditions of autism, but the underlying neurobiological mechanisms are unclear. Abnormal changes in the gut microbiome, neuroinflammation, neurogenesis, and synaptic plasticity may individually or interactively be responsible for atypical brain structure and connectivity, leading to specific autistic experiences and characteristics. Interestingly, exercise can affect these biological processes and reshape brain network connections, which may explain how exercise alleviates core features and co-occurring conditions in autistic individuals. In this review, we describe the definition, diagnostic approach, epidemiology, and current support strategies for autism; highlight the benefits of exercise interventions; and call for individualized programs for different subtypes of autistic individuals. Finally, the possible neurobiological mechanisms by which exercise improves autistic features are comprehensively summarized to inform the development of optimal exercise interventions and specific targets to meet the needs of autistic individuals.
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Affiliation(s)
- Genghong Tu
- Department of Sports Medicine, 47878 Guangzhou Sport University , Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510500, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, 47878 Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University , Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510500, P.R. China
| | - Nan Jiang
- Graduate School, 47878 Guangzhou Sport University , Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510500, P.R. China
| | - Weizhong Chen
- Graduate School, 47878 Guangzhou Sport University , Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510500, P.R. China
| | - Lining Liu
- Graduate School, 47878 Guangzhou Sport University , Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510500, P.R. China
| | - Min Hu
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, 47878 Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University , Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510500, P.R. China
| | - Bagen Liao
- Department of Sports Medicine, 47878 Guangzhou Sport University , Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510500, P.R. China
- Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Physical Activity and Health Promotion, 47878 Scientific Research Center, Guangzhou Sport University , Guangzhou, Guangdong, 510500, P.R. China
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Wang H, Zhou L, Zheng Q, Song Y, Huang W, Yang L, Xiong Y, Cai Z, Chen Y, Yuan J. Kai-xin-san improves cognitive impairment in D-gal and Aβ 25-35 induced ad rats by regulating gut microbiota and reducing neuronal damage. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 329:118161. [PMID: 38599474 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.118161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/14/2023] [Revised: 04/03/2024] [Accepted: 04/05/2024] [Indexed: 04/12/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Kai-Xin-San (KXS) is a classic herbal formula for the treatment and prevention of AD (Alzheimer's disease) with definite curative effect, but its mechanism, which involves multiple components, pathways, and targets, is not yet fully understood. AIM OF THE STUDY To verify the effect of KXS on gut microbiota and explore its anti-AD mechanism related with gut microbiota. MATERIALS AND METHODS AD rat model was established and evaluated by intraperitoneal injection of D-gal and bilateral hippocampal CA1 injections of Aβ25-35. The pharmacodynamics of KXS in vivo includes general behavior, Morris water maze test, ELISA, Nissl & HE staining and immunofluorescence. Systematic analysis of gut microbiota was conducted using 16S rRNA gene sequencing technology. The potential role of gut microbiota in the anti-AD effect of KXS was validated with fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) experiments. RESULTS KXS could significantly improve cognitive impairment, reduce neuronal damage and attenuate neuroinflammation and colonic inflammation in vivo in AD model rats. Nine differential intestinal bacteria associated with AD were screened, in which four bacteria (Lactobacillus murinus, Ligilactobacillus, Alloprevotella, Prevotellaceae_NK3B31_group) were very significant. CONCLUSION KXS can maintain the ecological balance of intestinal microbiota and exert its anti-AD effect by regulating the composition and proportion of gut microbiota in AD rats through the microbiota-gut-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Huijuan Wang
- Key Lab of Modern Preparations of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Lifen Zhou
- Key Lab of Modern Preparations of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Qin Zheng
- Key Lab of Modern Preparations of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Yonggui Song
- Laboratory Animal Science and Technology Development Center, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Weihua Huang
- Department of Clinical Pharmacology, Xiangya Hospital, Institute of Clinical Pharmacology, Hunan Key Laboratory of Pharmacogenetics, and National Clinical Research Center for Geriatric Disorders, Central South University, Changsha, 410008, China
| | - Lin Yang
- Key Lab of Modern Preparations of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Yongchang Xiong
- Key Lab of Modern Preparations of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Zhinan Cai
- Key Lab of Modern Preparations of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Ying Chen
- Key Lab of Modern Preparations of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China
| | - Jinbin Yuan
- Key Lab of Modern Preparations of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jiangxi University of Chinese Medicine, Nanchang, 330004, China.
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Shumilov K, Ni A, Garcia-Bonilla M, Celorrio M, Friess SH. Early depletion of gut microbiota shape oligodendrocyte response after traumatic brain injury. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:171. [PMID: 39010082 PMCID: PMC11251111 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03158-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2024] [Accepted: 06/19/2024] [Indexed: 07/17/2024] Open
Abstract
White matter injury (WMI) is thought to be a major contributor to long-term cognitive dysfunctions after traumatic brain injury (TBI). This damage occurs partly due to apoptotic death of oligodendrocyte lineage cells (OLCs) after the injury, triggered directly by the trauma or in response to degenerating axons. Recent research suggests that the gut microbiota modulates the inflammatory response through the regulation of peripheral immune cell infiltration after TBI. Additionally, T-cells directly impact OLCs differentiation and proliferation. Therefore, we hypothesized that the gut microbiota plays a critical role in regulating the OLC response to WMI influencing T-cells differentiation and activation. Gut microbial depletion early after TBI chronically reduced re-myelination, acutely decreased OLCs proliferation, and was associated with increased myelin debris accumulation. Surprisingly, the absence of T-cells in gut microbiota depleted mice restored OLC proliferation and remyelination after TBI. OLCs co-cultured with T-cells derived from gut microbiota depleted mice resulted in impaired proliferation and increased expression of MHC-II compared with T cells from control-injured mice. Furthermore, MHC-II expression in OLCs appears to be linked to impaired proliferation under gut microbiota depletion and TBI conditions. Collectively our data indicates that depletion of the gut microbiota after TBI impaired remyelination, reduced OLCs proliferation with concomitantly increased OLC MHCII expression, and required the presence of T cells. This data suggests that T cells are an important mechanistic link by which the gut microbiota modulate the oligodendrocyte response and white matter recovery after TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kirill Shumilov
- Department of Neurosurgery, Virginia Commonwealth University, Richmond, VA, USA
| | - Allen Ni
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | | | - Marta Celorrio
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA
| | - Stuart H Friess
- Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine, St. Louis, MO, USA.
- Division of Critical Care Medicine, Department of Pediatrics, Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine and St. Louis Children's Hospital, Campus Box 8028, 3rd Fl MPRB 660 S. Euclid Avenue, St. Louis, MO, 63110, USA.
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McKay DM, Defaye M, Rajeev S, MacNaughton WK, Nasser Y, Sharkey KA. Neuroimmunophysiology of the gastrointestinal tract. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2024; 326:G712-G725. [PMID: 38626403 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00075.2024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/07/2024] [Revised: 04/11/2024] [Accepted: 04/15/2024] [Indexed: 04/18/2024]
Abstract
Gut physiology is the epicenter of a web of internal communication systems (i.e., neural, immune, hormonal) mediated by cell-cell contacts, soluble factors, and external influences, such as the microbiome, diet, and the physical environment. Together these provide the signals that shape enteric homeostasis and, when they go awry, lead to disease. Faced with the seemingly paradoxical tasks of nutrient uptake (digestion) and retarding pathogen invasion (host defense), the gut integrates interactions between a variety of cells and signaling molecules to keep the host nourished and protected from pathogens. When the system fails, the outcome can be acute or chronic disease, often labeled as "idiopathic" in nature (e.g., irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease). Here we underscore the importance of a holistic approach to gut physiology, placing an emphasis on intercellular connectedness, using enteric neuroimmunophysiology as the paradigm. The goal of this opinion piece is to acknowledge the pace of change brought to our field via single-cell and -omic methodologies and other techniques such as cell lineage tracing, transgenic animal models, methods for culturing patient tissue, and advanced imaging. We identify gaps in the field and hope to inspire and challenge colleagues to take up the mantle and advance awareness of the subtleties, intricacies, and nuances of intestinal physiology in health and disease by defining communication pathways between gut resident cells, those recruited from the circulation, and "external" influences such as the central nervous system and the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Derek M McKay
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Gastrointestinal Research Group, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Inflammation Research Network, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Manon Defaye
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Gastrointestinal Research Group, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Inflammation Research Network, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Sruthi Rajeev
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Gastrointestinal Research Group, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Inflammation Research Network, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Wallace K MacNaughton
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Gastrointestinal Research Group, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Inflammation Research Network, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Alberta Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Yasmin Nasser
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Gastrointestinal Research Group, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Inflammation Research Network, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
| | - Keith A Sharkey
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Gastrointestinal Research Group, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
- Hotchkiss Brain Institute, University of Calgary, Calgary, Alberta, Canada
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7
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Tao Y, Yuan J, Zhou H, Li Z, Yao X, Wu H, Shi H, Huang F, Wu X. Antidepressant potential of total flavonoids from Astragalus in a chronic stress mouse model: Implications for myelination and Wnt/β-catenin/Olig2/Sox10 signaling axis modulation. JOURNAL OF ETHNOPHARMACOLOGY 2024; 325:117846. [PMID: 38301982 DOI: 10.1016/j.jep.2024.117846] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/13/2023] [Revised: 01/26/2024] [Accepted: 01/29/2024] [Indexed: 02/03/2024]
Abstract
ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE Radix Astragali, a versatile traditional Chinese medicinal herb, has a rich history dating back to "Sheng Nong's herbal classic". It has been employed in clinical practice to address various ailments, including depression. One of its primary active components, total flavonoids from Astragalus (TFA), remains unexplored in terms of its potential antidepressant properties. This study delves into the antidepressant effects of TFA using a mouse model subjected to chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS). AIMS OF THE STUDY The study aimed to scrutinize how TFA influenced depressive behaviors, corticosterone and glutamate levels in the hippocampus, as well as myelin-related protein expression in CUMS mice. Additionally, it sought to explore the involvement of the Wnt/β-catenin/Olig2/Sox10 signaling axis as a potential antidepressant mechanism of TFA. MATERIALS AND METHODS Male C57BL/6 mice were subjected to CUMS to induce depressive behaviors. TFA were orally administered at two different doses (50 mg/kg and 100 mg/kg). A battery of behavioral tests, biochemical analyses, immunohistochemistry, UPLC-MS/MS, real-time PCR, and Western blotting were employed to evaluate the antidepressant potential of TFA. The role of the Wnt/β-catenin/Olig2/Sox10 signaling axis in the antidepressant mechanism of TFA was validated through MO3.13 cells. RESULTS TFA administration significantly alleviated depressive behaviors in CUMS mice, as evidenced by improved sucrose preference, reduced immobility in tail suspension and forced swimming tests, and increased locomotor activity in the open field test. Moreover, TFA effectively reduced hippocampal corticosterone and glutamate levels and promoted myelin formation in the hippocampus of CUMS mice. Then, TFA increased Olig2 and Sox10 expression while inhibiting the Wnt/β-catenin pathway in the hippocampus of CUMS mice. Finally, we further confirmed the role of TFA in promoting myelin regeneration through the Wnt/β-catenin/Olig2/Sox10 signaling axis in MO3.13 cells. CONCLUSIONS TFA exhibited promising antidepressant effects in the CUMS mouse model, facilitated by the restoration of myelin sheaths and regulation of corticosterone, glutamate, Olig2, Sox10, and the Wnt/β-catenin pathway. This research provides valuable insights into the potential therapeutic application of TFA in treating depression, although further investigations are required to fully elucidate the underlying molecular mechanisms and clinical relevance.
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Affiliation(s)
- Yanlin Tao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The MOE Innovation Centre for Basic Medicine Research on Qi-Blood TCM Theories, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Jinfeng Yuan
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The MOE Innovation Centre for Basic Medicine Research on Qi-Blood TCM Theories, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China; Institute of Cardiovascular Disease of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, Shuguang Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Houyuan Zhou
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The MOE Innovation Centre for Basic Medicine Research on Qi-Blood TCM Theories, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Zikang Li
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The MOE Innovation Centre for Basic Medicine Research on Qi-Blood TCM Theories, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Xiaomeng Yao
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The MOE Innovation Centre for Basic Medicine Research on Qi-Blood TCM Theories, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Hui Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The MOE Innovation Centre for Basic Medicine Research on Qi-Blood TCM Theories, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Hailian Shi
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The MOE Innovation Centre for Basic Medicine Research on Qi-Blood TCM Theories, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Fei Huang
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The MOE Innovation Centre for Basic Medicine Research on Qi-Blood TCM Theories, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
| | - Xiaojun Wu
- Shanghai Key Laboratory of Compound Chinese Medicines, The Ministry of Education (MOE) Key Laboratory for Standardization of Chinese Medicines, The MOE Innovation Centre for Basic Medicine Research on Qi-Blood TCM Theories, Institute of Chinese Materia Medica, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai, 201203, China.
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8
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Shumilov K, Ni A, Garcia-Bonilla M, Celorrio M, Friess SH. Gut Microbiota Shape Oligodendrocyte Response after Traumatic Brain Injury. RESEARCH SQUARE 2024:rs.3.rs-4289147. [PMID: 38746334 PMCID: PMC11092821 DOI: 10.21203/rs.3.rs-4289147/v1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 05/16/2024]
Abstract
White matter injury (WMI) is thought to be a major contributor to long-term cognitive dysfunctions after traumatic brain injury (TBI). This damage occurs partly due to apoptotic death of oligodendrocyte lineage cells (OLCs) after the injury, triggered directly by the trauma or in response to degenerating axons. Recent research suggests that the gut microbiota modulates the inflammatory response through the modulation of peripheral immune cell infiltration after TBI. Additionally, T-cells directly impact OLCs differentiation and proliferation. Therefore, we hypothesized that the gut microbiota plays a critical role in regulating the OLC response to WMI influencing T-cells differentiation and activation. Gut microbial depletion early after TBI chronically reduced re-myelination, acutely decreased OLCs proliferation, and was associated with increased myelin debris accumulation. Surprisingly, the absence of T-cells in gut microbiota depleted mice restored OLC proliferation and remyelination after TBI. OLCs co-cultured with T-cells derived from gut microbiota depleted mice resulted in impaired proliferation and increased expression of MHC-II compared with T cells from control-injured mice. Furthermore, MHC-II expression in OLCs appears to be linked to impaired proliferation under gut microbiota depletion and TBI conditions. Collectively our data indicates that depletion of the gut microbiota after TBI impaired remyelination, reduced OLCs proliferation with concomitantly increased OLC MHCII expression and required the presence of T cells. This data suggests that T cells are an important mechanistic link by which the gut microbiota modulate the oligodendrocyte response and white matter recovery after TBI.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Allen Ni
- Washington University in St. Louis School of Medicine
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9
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Hung LY, Margolis KG. Autism spectrum disorders and the gastrointestinal tract: insights into mechanisms and clinical relevance. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol 2024; 21:142-163. [PMID: 38114585 DOI: 10.1038/s41575-023-00857-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 10/11/2023] [Indexed: 12/21/2023]
Abstract
Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are recognized as central neurodevelopmental disorders diagnosed by impairments in social interactions, communication and repetitive behaviours. The recognition of ASD as a central nervous system (CNS)-mediated neurobehavioural disorder has led most of the research in ASD to be focused on the CNS. However, gastrointestinal function is also likely to be affected owing to the neural mechanistic nature of ASD and the nervous system in the gastrointestinal tract (enteric nervous system). Thus, it is unsurprising that gastrointestinal disorders, particularly constipation, diarrhoea and abdominal pain, are highly comorbid in individuals with ASD. Gastrointestinal problems have also been repeatedly associated with increased severity of the core symptoms diagnostic of ASD and other centrally mediated comorbid conditions, including psychiatric issues, irritability, rigid-compulsive behaviours and aggression. Despite the high prevalence of gastrointestinal dysfunction in ASD and its associated behavioural comorbidities, the specific links between these two conditions have not been clearly delineated, and current data linking ASD to gastrointestinal dysfunction have not been extensively reviewed. This Review outlines the established and emerging clinical and preclinical evidence that emphasizes the gut as a novel mechanistic and potential therapeutic target for individuals with ASD.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lin Y Hung
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY, USA
| | - Kara Gross Margolis
- Department of Molecular Pathobiology, College of Dentistry, New York University, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Cell Biology, NYU Grossman School of Medicine and Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
- Department of Pediatrics, NYU Grossman School of Medicine and Langone Medical Center, New York, NY, USA.
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10
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Loh JS, Mak WQ, Tan LKS, Ng CX, Chan HH, Yeow SH, Foo JB, Ong YS, How CW, Khaw KY. Microbiota-gut-brain axis and its therapeutic applications in neurodegenerative diseases. Signal Transduct Target Ther 2024; 9:37. [PMID: 38360862 PMCID: PMC10869798 DOI: 10.1038/s41392-024-01743-1] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/30/2023] [Revised: 01/02/2024] [Accepted: 01/14/2024] [Indexed: 02/17/2024] Open
Abstract
The human gastrointestinal tract is populated with a diverse microbial community. The vast genetic and metabolic potential of the gut microbiome underpins its ubiquity in nearly every aspect of human biology, including health maintenance, development, aging, and disease. The advent of new sequencing technologies and culture-independent methods has allowed researchers to move beyond correlative studies toward mechanistic explorations to shed light on microbiome-host interactions. Evidence has unveiled the bidirectional communication between the gut microbiome and the central nervous system, referred to as the "microbiota-gut-brain axis". The microbiota-gut-brain axis represents an important regulator of glial functions, making it an actionable target to ameliorate the development and progression of neurodegenerative diseases. In this review, we discuss the mechanisms of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in neurodegenerative diseases. As the gut microbiome provides essential cues to microglia, astrocytes, and oligodendrocytes, we examine the communications between gut microbiota and these glial cells during healthy states and neurodegenerative diseases. Subsequently, we discuss the mechanisms of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in neurodegenerative diseases using a metabolite-centric approach, while also examining the role of gut microbiota-related neurotransmitters and gut hormones. Next, we examine the potential of targeting the intestinal barrier, blood-brain barrier, meninges, and peripheral immune system to counteract glial dysfunction in neurodegeneration. Finally, we conclude by assessing the pre-clinical and clinical evidence of probiotics, prebiotics, and fecal microbiota transplantation in neurodegenerative diseases. A thorough comprehension of the microbiota-gut-brain axis will foster the development of effective therapeutic interventions for the management of neurodegenerative diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jian Sheng Loh
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Wen Qi Mak
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Li Kar Stella Tan
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 1, Jalan Taylors, Subang Jaya, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
- Digital Health & Medical Advancements, Taylor's University, 1, Jalan Taylors, Subang Jaya, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chu Xin Ng
- School of Biosciences, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 1, Jalan Taylors, Subang Jaya, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Hong Hao Chan
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Shiau Hueh Yeow
- UCL School of Pharmacy, University College London, 29-39 Brunswick Square, London, WC1N 1AX, UK
| | - Jhi Biau Foo
- School of Pharmacy, Faculty of Health & Medical Sciences, Taylor's University, 1, Jalan Taylors, Subang Jaya, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
- Digital Health & Medical Advancements, Taylor's University, 1, Jalan Taylors, Subang Jaya, 47500, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Yong Sze Ong
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia
| | - Chee Wun How
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia.
| | - Kooi Yeong Khaw
- School of Pharmacy, Monash University Malaysia, Jalan Lagoon Selatan, 47500, Bandar Sunway, Selangor, Malaysia.
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11
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Hsieh CCJ, Lo YC, Wang HH, Shen HY, Chen YY, Lee YC. Amelioration of the brain structural connectivity is accompanied with changes of gut microbiota in a tuberous sclerosis complex mouse model. Transl Psychiatry 2024; 14:68. [PMID: 38296969 PMCID: PMC10830571 DOI: 10.1038/s41398-024-02752-y] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2023] [Revised: 01/04/2024] [Accepted: 01/08/2024] [Indexed: 02/02/2024] Open
Abstract
Tuberous sclerosis complex (TSC) is a genetic disease that causes benign tumors and dysfunctions in many organs, including the brain. Aside from the brain malformations, many individuals with TSC exhibit neuropsychiatric symptoms. Among these symptoms, autism spectrum disorder (ASD) is one of the most common co-morbidities, affecting up to 60% of the population. Past neuroimaging studies strongly suggested that the impairments in brain connectivity contribute to ASD, whether or not TSC-related. Specifically, the tract-based diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) analysis provides information on the fiber integrity and has been used to study the neuropathological changes in the white matter of TSC patients with ASD symptoms. In our previous study, curcumin, a diet-derived mTOR inhibitor has been shown to effectively mitigate learning and memory deficits and anxiety-like behavior in Tsc2+/- mice via inhibiting astroglial proliferation. Recently, gut microbiota, which is greatly influenced by the diet, has been considered to play an important role in regulating several components of the central nervous system, including glial functions. In this study, we showed that the abnormal social behavior in the Tsc2+/- mice can be ameliorated by the dietary curcumin treatment. Second, using tract-based DTI analysis, we found that the Tsc2+/- mice exhibited altered fractional anisotropy, axial and radial diffusivities of axonal bundles connecting the prefrontal cortex, nucleus accumbens, hypothalamus, and amygdala, indicating a decreased brain network. Third, the dietary curcumin treatment improved the DTI metrics, in accordance with changes in the gut microbiota composition. At the bacterial phylum level, we showed that the abundances of Actinobacteria, Verrucomicrobia, and Tenericutes were significantly correlated with the DTI metrics FA, AD, and RD, respectively. Finally, we revealed that the expression of myelin-associated proteins, myelin bassic protein (MBP) and proteolipid protein (PLP) was increased after the treatment. Overall, we showed a strong correlation between structural connectivity alterations and social behavioral deficits, as well as the diet-dependent changes in gut microbiota composition.
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Affiliation(s)
| | - Yu-Chun Lo
- Ph.D. Program in Medical Neuroscience, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
- Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Hui Wang
- Ph.D. Program in Medical Neuroscience, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Ying Shen
- Biomedical Translation Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - You-Yin Chen
- Ph.D. Program in Medical Neuroscience, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Department of Biomedical Engineering, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.
| | - Yi-Chao Lee
- Ph.D. Program in Medical Neuroscience, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- Neuroscience Research Center, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
- International Master Program in Medical Neuroscience, College of Medical Science and Technology, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan.
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12
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Dong H, Dai X, Zhou Y, Shi C, Bhuiyan P, Sun Z, Li N, Jin W. Enhanced meningeal lymphatic drainage ameliorates lipopolysaccharide-induced brain injury in aged mice. J Neuroinflammation 2024; 21:36. [PMID: 38287311 PMCID: PMC10826026 DOI: 10.1186/s12974-024-03028-4] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/16/2023] [Accepted: 01/22/2024] [Indexed: 01/31/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Sepsis-associated encephalopathy (SAE) is an acute cerebral dysfunction caused by sepsis. Neuroinflammation induced by sepsis is considered a potential mechanism of SAE; however, very little is known about the role of the meningeal lymphatic system in SAE. METHODS Sepsis was established in male C57BL/6J mice by intraperitoneal injection of 5 mg/kg lipopolysaccharide, and the function of meningeal lymphatic drainage was assessed. Adeno-associated virus 1-vascular endothelial growth factor C (AAV1-VEGF-C) was injected into the cisterna magna to induce meningeal lymphangiogenesis. Ligation of deep cervical lymph nodes (dCLNs) was performed to induce pre-existing meningeal lymphatic dysfunction. Cognitive function was evaluated by a fear conditioning test, and inflammatory factors were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. RESULTS The aged mice with SAE showed a significant decrease in the drainage of OVA-647 into the dCLNs and the coverage of the Lyve-1 in the meningeal lymphatic, indicating that sepsis impaired meningeal lymphatic drainage and morphology. The meningeal lymphatic function of aged mice was more vulnerable to sepsis in comparison to young mice. Sepsis also decreased the protein levels of caspase-3 and PSD95, which was accompanied by reductions in the activity of hippocampal neurons. Microglia were significantly activated in the hippocampus of SAE mice, which was accompanied by an increase in neuroinflammation, as indicated by increases in interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6 and Iba1 expression. Cognitive function was impaired in aged mice with SAE. However, the injection of AAV1-VEGF-C significantly increased coverage in the lymphatic system and tracer dye uptake in dCLNs, suggesting that AAV1-VEGF-C promotes meningeal lymphangiogenesis and drainage. Furthermore, AAV1-VEGF-C reduced microglial activation and neuroinflammation and improved cognitive dysfunction. Improvement of meningeal lymphatics also reduced sepsis-induced expression of disease-associated genes in aged mice. Pre-existing lymphatic dysfunction by ligating bilateral dCLNs aggravated sepsis-induced neuroinflammation and cognitive impairment. CONCLUSION The meningeal lymphatic drainage is damaged in sepsis, and pre-existing defects in this drainage system exacerbate SAE-induced neuroinflammation and cognitive dysfunction. Promoting meningeal lymphatic drainage improves SAE. Manipulation of meningeal lymphangiogenesis could be a new strategy for the treatment of SAE.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hongquan Dong
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Xiaonan Dai
- Department of Obstetrics, Nanjing Women and Children's Healthcare Hospital, Women's Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210004, China
| | - Yin Zhou
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Chonglong Shi
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Piplu Bhuiyan
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Zhaochu Sun
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Nana Li
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China
| | - Wenjie Jin
- Department of Anesthesiology, Jiangsu Province Hospital, The First Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, 210029, China.
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13
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Sproten R, Nohr D, Guseva D. Nutritional strategies modulating the gut microbiome as a preventative and therapeutic approach in normal and pathological age-related cognitive decline: a systematic review of preclinical and clinical findings. Nutr Neurosci 2024:1-16. [PMID: 38165747 DOI: 10.1080/1028415x.2023.2296727] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2024]
Abstract
CONTEXT The proportion of the elderly population is on the rise across the globe, and with it the prevalence of age-related neurodegenerative diseases. The gut microbiota, whose composition is highly regulated by dietary intake, has emerged as an exciting research field in neurology due to its pivotal role in modulating brain functions via the gut-brain axis. OBJECTIVES We aimed at conducting a systematic review of preclinical and clinical studies investigating the effects of dietary interventions on cognitive ageing in conjunction with changes in gut microbiota composition and functionality. METHODS PubMed and Scopus were searched using terms related to ageing, cognition, gut microbiota and dietary interventions. Studies were screened, selected based on previously determined inclusion and exclusion criteria, and evaluated for methodological quality using recommended risk of bias assessment tools. RESULTS A total of 32 studies (18 preclinical and 14 clinical) were selected for inclusion. We found that most of the animal studies showed significant positive intervention effects on cognitive behavior, while outcomes on cognition, microbiome features, and health parameters in humans were less pronounced. The effectiveness of dietary interventions depended markedly on the age, gender, degree of cognitive decline and baseline microbiome composition of participants. CONCLUSION To harness the full potential of microbiome-inspired nutrition for cognitive health, one of the main challenges remains to better understand the interplay between host, his microbiome, dietary exposures, whilst also taking into account environmental influences. Future research should aim toward making use of host-specific microbiome data to guide the development of personalized therapies.
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Affiliation(s)
- Rieke Sproten
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Donatus Nohr
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
| | - Daria Guseva
- Institute of Nutritional Medicine, University of Hohenheim, Stuttgart, Germany
- Institute of Child Nutrition, Max Rubner-Institut, Federal Research Institute of Nutrition and Food, Karlsruhe, Germany
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14
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Cescon M, Gambarotta G, Calabrò S, Cicconetti C, Anselmi F, Kankowski S, Lang L, Basic M, Bleich A, Bolsega S, Steglich M, Oliviero S, Raimondo S, Bizzotto D, Haastert-Talini K, Ronchi G. Gut microbiota depletion delays somatic peripheral nerve development and impairs neuromuscular junction maturation. Gut Microbes 2024; 16:2363015. [PMID: 38845453 PMCID: PMC11164225 DOI: 10.1080/19490976.2024.2363015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/02/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2024] [Indexed: 06/12/2024] Open
Abstract
Gut microbiota is responsible for essential functions in human health. Several communication axes between gut microbiota and other organs via neural, endocrine, and immune pathways have been described, and perturbation of gut microbiota composition has been implicated in the onset and progression of an emerging number of diseases. Here, we analyzed peripheral nerves, dorsal root ganglia (DRG), and skeletal muscles of neonatal and young adult mice with the following gut microbiota status: a) germ-free (GF), b) gnotobiotic, selectively colonized with 12 specific gut bacterial strains (Oligo-Mouse-Microbiota, OMM12), or c) natural complex gut microbiota (CGM). Stereological and morphometric analyses revealed that the absence of gut microbiota impairs the development of somatic median nerves, resulting in smaller diameter and hypermyelinated axons, as well as in smaller unmyelinated fibers. Accordingly, DRG and sciatic nerve transcriptomic analyses highlighted a panel of differentially expressed developmental and myelination genes. Interestingly, the type III isoform of Neuregulin1 (NRG1), known to be a neuronal signal essential for Schwann cell myelination, was overexpressed in young adult GF mice, with consequent overexpression of the transcription factor Early Growth Response 2 (Egr2), a fundamental gene expressed by Schwann cells at the onset of myelination. Finally, GF status resulted in histologically atrophic skeletal muscles, impaired formation of neuromuscular junctions, and deregulated expression of related genes. In conclusion, we demonstrate for the first time a gut microbiota regulatory impact on proper development of the somatic peripheral nervous system and its functional connection to skeletal muscles, thus suggesting the existence of a novel 'Gut Microbiota-Peripheral Nervous System-axis.'
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Affiliation(s)
- Matilde Cescon
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Giovanna Gambarotta
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences & Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), University of Torino, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Sonia Calabrò
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
- Department of Biology, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Chiara Cicconetti
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Francesca Anselmi
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Svenja Kankowski
- Institute of Neuroanatomy and Cell Biology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Lower-Saxony, Germany
| | - Luisa Lang
- Institute of Neuroanatomy and Cell Biology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Lower-Saxony, Germany
| | - Marijana Basic
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science and Central Animal Facility, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Lower-Saxony, Germany
| | - Andre Bleich
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science and Central Animal Facility, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Lower-Saxony, Germany
| | - Silvia Bolsega
- Institute for Laboratory Animal Science and Central Animal Facility, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Lower-Saxony, Germany
| | - Matthias Steglich
- Research Core Unit Genomics, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Lower-Saxony, Germany
| | - Salvatore Oliviero
- Department of Life Sciences and Systems Biology, University of Torino, Torino, Italy
| | - Stefania Raimondo
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences & Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), University of Torino, Orbassano, Italy
| | - Dario Bizzotto
- Department of Molecular Medicine, University of Padova, Padova, Italy
| | - Kirsten Haastert-Talini
- Institute of Neuroanatomy and Cell Biology, Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Lower-Saxony, Germany
- Centre for Systems Neuroscience (ZSN), Hannover Medical School, Hannover, Lower-Saxony, Germany
| | - Giulia Ronchi
- Department of Clinical and Biological Sciences & Neuroscience Institute Cavalieri Ottolenghi (NICO), University of Torino, Orbassano, Italy
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15
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Li L, Liu T, Shi Y. Treatment of preterm brain injury via gut-microbiota-metabolite-brain axis. CNS Neurosci Ther 2024; 30:e14556. [PMID: 38108213 PMCID: PMC10805406 DOI: 10.1111/cns.14556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/31/2023] [Revised: 11/06/2023] [Accepted: 11/23/2023] [Indexed: 12/19/2023] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Brain injury in preterm infants potentially disrupts critical structural and functional connective networks in the brain. It is a major cause of neurological sequelae and developmental deficits in preterm infants. Interesting findings suggest that the gut microbiota (GM) and their metabolites contribute to the programming of the central nervous system (CNS) during developmental stages and may exert structural and functional effects throughout the lifespan. AIM To summarize the existing knowledge of the potential mechanisms related to immune, endocrine, neural, and blood-brain barrier (BBB) mediated by GM and its metabolites in neural development and function. METHODS We review the recent literature and included 150 articles to summarize the mechanisms through which GM and their metabolites work on the nervous system. Potential health benefits and challenges of relevant treatments are also discussed. RESULTS This review discusses the direct and indirect ways through which the GM may act on the nervous system. Treatment of preterm brain injury with GM or related derivatives, including probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, dietary interventions, and fecal transplants are also included. CONCLUSION This review summarizes mechanisms underlying microbiota-gut-brain axis and novel therapeutic opportunities for neurological sequelae in preterm infants. Optimizing the initial colonization and microbiota development in preterm infants may represent a novel therapy to promote brain development and reduce long-term sequelae.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Li
- Department of PediatricsShengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Tianjing Liu
- Department of PediatricsShengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
| | - Yongyan Shi
- Department of PediatricsShengjing Hospital of China Medical UniversityShenyangChina
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16
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Qu Z, Tian P, Wang L, Jin X, Guo M, Lu J, Zhao J, Chen W, Wang G. Dietary Nucleotides Promote Neonatal Rat Microbiota-Gut-Brain Axis Development by Affecting Gut Microbiota Composition and Metabolic Function. JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL AND FOOD CHEMISTRY 2023; 71:19622-19637. [PMID: 38014964 DOI: 10.1021/acs.jafc.3c07349] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/29/2023]
Abstract
A variety of active factors in milk and foods have been proven to serve as microbial nutrients that regulate the formation of early gut microbiota (GM), thereby ensuring the healthy development of infants. This study demonstrated that dietary nucleotides (NTs), one of the main nitrogen-containing substances in human milk, promoted the neurodevelopment of neonatal rats and the expression of Sox2, Dcx, Tuj1, and NeuN in the prefrontal cortex and hippocampus, but had no significant regulatory effects in the striatum. 16s rRNA sequencing and metabolomics of the colon contents of neonatal rats at different developmental stages showed that the early intake of NTs promoted an increase in the abundance of beneficial microorganisms related to neurodevelopment, digestion, and gut absorption, such as g_Romboutsia and g_Akkermansia. Changes in the ability of the GM to regulate folate synthesis, riboflavin metabolism, and other processes were also observed. Further analysis revealed significant correlations between the level of characteristic metabolites, namely, trans-3-indoleacrylic acid, urocanic acid, inosine, and adenosine, in the gut with neurodevelopment and characteristic GM components. These findings suggest that NTs in milk may affect neurodevelopment and maturation in early life by regulating the GM composition-gut-brain axis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhihao Qu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Peijun Tian
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Linlin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Xing Jin
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Min Guo
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Jingyu Lu
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou 225004, China
| | - Wei Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
| | - Gang Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Resources, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- National Engineering Research Center for Functional Food, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu 214122, China
- (Yangzhou) Institute of Food Biotechnology, Jiangnan University, Yangzhou 225004, China
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17
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Dubey H, Roychoudhury R, Alex A, Best C, Liu S, White A, Carlson A, Azcarate-Peril MA, Mansfield LS, Knickmeyer R. Effect of Human Infant Gut Microbiota on Mouse Behavior, Dendritic Complexity, and Myelination. BIORXIV : THE PREPRINT SERVER FOR BIOLOGY 2023:2023.10.24.563309. [PMID: 37961091 PMCID: PMC10634763 DOI: 10.1101/2023.10.24.563309] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2023]
Abstract
The mammalian gut microbiome influences numerous developmental processes. In human infants it has been linked with cognition, social skills, hormonal responses to stress, and brain connectivity. Yet, these associations are not necessarily causal. The present study tested whether two microbial stool communities, common in human infants, affected behavior, myelination, dendritic morphology, and spine density when used to colonize mouse models. Humanized animals were more like specific-pathogen free mice than germ-free mice for most phenotypes, although in males, both humanized groups were less social. Both humanized groups had thinner myelin sheaths in the hippocampus, than did germ-free animals. Humanized animals were similar to each other except for dendritic morphology and spine density where one group had greater dendritic length in the prefrontal cortex, greater dendritic volume in the nucleus accumbens, and greater spine density in both regions, compared to the other. Results add to a body of literature suggesting the gut microbiome impacts brain development. Teaser Fecal transplants from human infants with highly abundant Bifidobacterium , an important inhabitant of the intestinal tract of breastfed newborns, may promote brain connectivity in mice.
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18
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Ferrari Bardile C, Radulescu CI, Pouladi MA. Oligodendrocyte pathology in Huntington's disease: from mechanisms to therapeutics. Trends Mol Med 2023; 29:802-816. [PMID: 37591764 DOI: 10.1016/j.molmed.2023.07.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/13/2023] [Revised: 07/18/2023] [Accepted: 07/20/2023] [Indexed: 08/19/2023]
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes (OLGs), highly specialized glial cells that wrap axons with myelin sheaths, are critical for brain development and function. There is new recognition of the role of OLGs in the pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases (NDDs), including Huntington's disease (HD), a prototypic NDD caused by a polyglutamine tract expansion in huntingtin (HTT), which results in gain- and loss-of-function effects. Clinically, HD is characterized by a constellation of motor, cognitive, and psychiatric disturbances. White matter (WM) structures, representing myelin-rich regions of the brain, are profoundly affected in HD, and recent findings reveal oligodendroglia dysfunction as an early pathological event. Here, we focus on mechanisms that underlie oligodendroglial deficits and dysmyelination in the progression of the disease, highlighting the pathogenic contributions of mutant HTT (mHTT). We also discuss potential therapeutic implications involving these molecular pathways.
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Affiliation(s)
- Costanza Ferrari Bardile
- Department of Medical Genetics, Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada
| | - Carola I Radulescu
- UK Dementia Research Institute, Imperial College London, London, W12 0NN, UK
| | - Mahmoud A Pouladi
- Department of Medical Genetics, Centre for Molecular Medicine and Therapeutics, Djavad Mowafaghian Centre for Brain Health, British Columbia Children's Hospital Research Institute, University of British Columbia, Vancouver, BC V5Z 4H4, Canada.
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19
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Hayer SS, Hwang S, Clayton JB. Antibiotic-induced gut dysbiosis and cognitive, emotional, and behavioral changes in rodents: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Front Neurosci 2023; 17:1237177. [PMID: 37719161 PMCID: PMC10504664 DOI: 10.3389/fnins.2023.1237177] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2023] [Accepted: 08/18/2023] [Indexed: 09/19/2023] Open
Abstract
There are previous epidemiological studies reporting associations between antibiotic use and psychiatric symptoms. Antibiotic-induced gut dysbiosis and alteration of microbiota-gut-brain axis communication has been proposed to play a role in this association. In this systematic review and meta-analysis, we reviewed published articles that have presented results on changes in cognition, emotion, and behavior in rodents (rats and mice) after antibiotic-induced gut dysbiosis. We searched three databases-PubMed, Web of Science, and SCOPUS to identify such articles using dedicated search strings and extracted data from 48 articles. Increase in anxiety and depression-like behavior was reported in 32.7 and 40.7 percent of the study-populations, respectively. Decrease in sociability, social novelty preference, recognition memory and spatial cognition was found in 18.1, 35.3, 26.1, and 62.5 percent of the study-populations, respectively. Only one bacterial taxon (increase in gut Proteobacteria) showed statistically significant association with behavioral changes (increase in anxiety). There were no consistent findings with statistical significance for the potential biomarkers [Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) expression in the hippocampus, serum corticosterone and circulating IL-6 and IL-1β levels]. Results of the meta-analysis revealed a significant association between symptoms of negative valence system (including anxiety and depression) and cognitive system (decreased spatial cognition) with antibiotic intake (p < 0.05). However, between-study heterogeneity and publication bias were statistically significant (p < 0.05). Risk of bias was evaluated to be high in the majority of the studies. We identified and discussed several reasons that could contribute to the heterogeneity between the results of the studies examined. The results of the meta-analysis provide promising evidence that there is indeed an association between antibiotic-induced gut dysbiosis and psychopathologies. However, inconsistencies in the implemented methodologies make generalizing these results difficult. Gut microbiota depletion using antibiotics may be a useful strategy to evaluate if and how gut microbes influence cognition, emotion, and behavior, but the heterogeneity in methodologies used precludes any definitive interpretations for a translational impact on clinical practice.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shivdeep S. Hayer
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, United States
- Callitrichid Research Center, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, United States
- Nebraska Food for Health Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
- Department of Population Medicine, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - Soonjo Hwang
- Department of Psychiatry, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
| | - Jonathan B. Clayton
- Department of Biology, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, United States
- Callitrichid Research Center, University of Nebraska at Omaha, Omaha, NE, United States
- Nebraska Food for Health Center, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
- Department of Food Science and Technology, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
- Department of Pathology and Microbiology, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, NE, United States
- Primate Microbiome Project, University of Nebraska-Lincoln, Lincoln, NE, United States
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20
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Kuijer EJ, Steenbergen L. The microbiota-gut-brain axis in hippocampus-dependent learning and memory: current state and future challenges. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2023; 152:105296. [PMID: 37380040 DOI: 10.1016/j.neubiorev.2023.105296] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/27/2022] [Revised: 05/15/2023] [Accepted: 06/23/2023] [Indexed: 06/30/2023]
Abstract
A fundamental shift in neuroscience suggests bidirectional interaction of gut microbiota with the healthy and dysfunctional brain. This microbiota-gut-brain axis has mainly been investigated in stress-related psychopathology (e.g. depression, anxiety). The hippocampus, a key structure in both the healthy brain and psychopathologies, is implicated by work in rodents that suggests gut microbiota substantially impact hippocampal-dependent learning and memory. However, understanding microbiota-hippocampus mechanisms in health and disease, and translation to humans, is hampered by the absence of a coherent evaluative approach. We review the current knowledge regarding four main gut microbiota-hippocampus routes in rodents: through the vagus nerve; via the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal-axis; by metabolism of neuroactive substances; and through modulation of host inflammation. Next, we suggest an approach including testing (biomarkers of) the four routes as a function of the influence of gut microbiota (composition) on hippocampal-dependent (dys)functioning. We argue that such an approach is necessary to proceed from the current state of preclinical research to beneficial application in humans to optimise microbiota-based strategies to treat and enhance hippocampal-dependent memory (dys)functions.
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Affiliation(s)
- Eloise J Kuijer
- Leiden University Medical Centre, Leiden, the Netherlands; Department of Life Sciences, University of Bath, United Kingdom.
| | - Laura Steenbergen
- Clinical Psychology Unit, Leiden University & Leiden Institute for Brain and Cognition, Leiden, the Netherlands
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21
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Li L, Yang J, Liu T, Shi Y. Role of the gut-microbiota-metabolite-brain axis in the pathogenesis of preterm brain injury. Biomed Pharmacother 2023; 165:115243. [PMID: 37517290 DOI: 10.1016/j.biopha.2023.115243] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/18/2023] [Revised: 07/09/2023] [Accepted: 07/25/2023] [Indexed: 08/01/2023] Open
Abstract
Brain injury, a common complication in preterm infants, includes the destruction of the key structural and functional connections of the brain and causes neurodevelopmental disorders; it has high morbidity and mortality rates. The exact mechanism underlying brain injury in preterm infants is unclear. Intestinal flora plays a vital role in brain development and the maturation of the immune system in infants; however, detailed understanding of the gut microbiota-metabolite-brain axis in preterm infants is lacking. In this review, we summarise the key mechanisms by which the intestinal microbiota contribute to neurodevelopment and brain injury in preterm infants, with special emphasis on the influence of microorganisms and their metabolites on the regulation of neurocognitive development and neurodevelopmental risks related to preterm birth, infection and neonatal necrotising enterocolitis (NEC). This review provides support for the development and application of novel therapeutic strategies, including probiotics, prebiotics, synbiotics, and faecal bacteria transplantation targeting at brain injury in preterm infants.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ling Li
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China.
| | - Jiahui Yang
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China.
| | - Tianjing Liu
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China.
| | - Yongyan Shi
- Department of Pediatrics, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang 110004, China.
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22
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Mei R, Qiu W, Yang Y, Xu S, Rao Y, Li Q, Luo Y, Huang H, Yang A, Tao H, Qiu M, Zhao X. Evidence That DDR1 Promotes Oligodendrocyte Differentiation during Development and Myelin Repair after Injury. Int J Mol Sci 2023; 24:10318. [PMID: 37373466 DOI: 10.3390/ijms241210318] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/12/2023] [Revised: 06/16/2023] [Accepted: 06/17/2023] [Indexed: 06/29/2023] Open
Abstract
Oligodendrocytes generate myelin sheaths vital for the formation, health, and function of the central nervous system. Mounting evidence suggests that receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are crucial for oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelination in the CNS. It was recently reported that discoidin domain receptor 1 (Ddr1), a collagen-activated RTK, is expressed in oligodendrocyte lineage. However, its specific expression stage and functional role in oligodendrocyte development in the CNS remain to be determined. In this study, we report that Ddr1 is selectively upregulated in newly differentiated oligodendrocytes in the early postnatal CNS and regulates oligodendrocyte differentiation and myelination. Ddr1 knock-out mice of both sexes displayed compromised axonal myelination and apparent motor dysfunction. Ddr1 deficiency alerted the ERK pathway, but not the AKT pathway in the CNS. In addition, Ddr1 function is important for myelin repair after lysolecithin-induced demyelination. Taken together, the current study described, for the first time, the role of Ddr1 in myelin development and repair in the CNS, providing a novel molecule target for the treatment of demyelinating diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruyi Mei
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
- Hangzhou Institute of Medicine (HIM), Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hangzhou 310022, China
| | - Wanwan Qiu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Yingying Yang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Siyu Xu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Yueyu Rao
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Qingxin Li
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Yuhao Luo
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Hao Huang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Aifen Yang
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Huaping Tao
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Mengsheng Qiu
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
| | - Xiaofeng Zhao
- Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Organ Development and Regeneration, College of Life and Environmental Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, China
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23
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Kim CS, Shin DM. Gut microbiota and cognitive development in infant mice: Quantity and source of potable water. PLoS One 2023; 18:e0286951. [PMID: 37315057 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0286951] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/19/2023] [Accepted: 05/29/2023] [Indexed: 06/16/2023] Open
Abstract
Not only the water quantity consumed but also the source of drinking water has been considered for their health benefits, but there is limited evidence. We aimed to determine whether the amount and type of drinking water affect physiological and biological functions, including brain function, by confirming how it affects gut microbiota which has an important regulatory role in host physiology. Three-week-old infant mice were subjected to 1) a water restriction experiment (control group, ad libitum consumption of distilled water; dehydration group, time-limited access to distilled water [15 min/day]) and 2) different water source experiment (distilled water, purified water, spring water, and tap water groups). The gut microbiota and cognitive development were analyzed using the 16S ribosomal ribonucleic acid sequencing method and the Barnes maze, respectively. The relative abundance of Firmicutes and Bacteroidetes and the Firmicutes-to-Bacteroidetes ratio (F/B ratio) changed depending on age (juveniles vs. infants). Insufficient water intake reversed these developmental changes, showing that the relative abundances of Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes and the F/B ratio in dehydrated juvenile mice were similar to those in normal infant mice. Additionally, clustering analysis revealed no significant differences in the intestinal flora in the mice from the different drinking water sources; however, dehydration significantly altered the composition of the genera compared to the other water source groups wherein water was provided ad libitum. Moreover, cognitive development was significantly disrupted by insufficient water intake, although the type of drinking water had no significant influence. Cognitive decline, measured by relative latency, was positively associated with the relative abundance of unclassified Erysipelotrichaceae that were in significantly high relative abundance in the dehydration group. These results suggest that the water quantity consumed, rather than the mineral content of drinking water, is imperative for shaping the early gut microbiota associated with cognitive development during infancy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chong-Su Kim
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
| | - Dong-Mi Shin
- Department of Food and Nutrition, College of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
- Research Institute of Human Ecology, Seoul National University, Seoul, Republic of Korea
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24
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Liu L, Wang H, Chen X, Xie P. Gut microbiota: a new insight into neurological diseases. Chin Med J (Engl) 2023; 136:1261-1277. [PMID: 35830286 PMCID: PMC10309523 DOI: 10.1097/cm9.0000000000002212] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
ABSTRACT In the last decade, it has become increasingly recognized that a balanced gut microbiota plays an important role in maintaining the health of the host. Numerous clinical and preclinical studies have shown that changes in gut microbiota composition are associated with a variety of neurological diseases, e.g., Parkinson's disease, Alzheimer's disease, and myasthenia gravis. However, the underlying molecular mechanisms are complex and remain unclear. Behavioral phenotypes can be transmitted from humans to animals through gut microbiota transplantation, indicating that the gut microbiota may be an important regulator of neurological diseases. However, further research is required to determine whether animal-based findings can be extended to humans and to elucidate the relevant potential mechanisms by which the gut microbiota regulates neurological diseases. Such investigations may aid in the development of new microbiota-based strategies for diagnosis and treatment and improve the clinical management of neurological disorders. In this review, we describe the dysbiosis of gut microbiota and the corresponding mechanisms in common neurological diseases, and discuss the potential roles that the intestinal microbiome may play in the diagnosis and treatment of neurological disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Lanxiang Liu
- Department of Neurology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402160, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Haiyang Wang
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Xueyi Chen
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
| | - Peng Xie
- Department of Neurology, Yongchuan Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 402160, China
- National Health Commission Key Laboratory of Diagnosis and Treatment on Brain Functional Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
- Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing 400016, China
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25
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Xu J, Wu S, Huo L, Zhang Q, Liu L, Ye Z, Cao J, Ma H, Shang C, Ma C. Trigeminal nerve stimulation restores hippocampal dopamine deficiency to promote cognitive recovery in traumatic brain injury. Prog Neurobiol 2023:102477. [PMID: 37270025 DOI: 10.1016/j.pneurobio.2023.102477] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2023] [Revised: 04/20/2023] [Accepted: 05/30/2023] [Indexed: 06/05/2023]
Abstract
Cognitive impairment (CI) is a common neurological disease resulting from traumatic brain injury (TBI). Trigeminal nerve stimulation (TNS) is an emerging, non-invasive, and effective neuromodulation therapy especially for patients suffering from brain function disorders. However, the treatment and recovery mechanisms of TNS remain poorly understood. By using combined advanced technologies, we revealed here that the neuroprotective potential of TNS to improve CI caused by TBI. The study results found that 40Hz TNS treatment has the ability to improve CI in TBI mice and communicates with central nervous system via the trigeminal ganglion (TG). Transsynaptic virus experiments revealed that TG is connected to the hippocampus (HPC) through the corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH) neurons of paraventricular hypothalamic nucleus (PVN) and the dopamine transporter (DAT) neurons of substantia nigra pars compacta/ventral tegmental area (SNc/VTA). Mechanistically, the data showed that TNS can increase the release of dopamine in the HPC by activating the following neural circuit: TG→CRH+ PVN→DAT+ SNc/VTA → HPC. Bulk RNA sequencing confirmed changes in the expression of dopamine-related genes in the HPC. This work preliminarily explains the efficacy and mechanism of TNS and adds to the increasing evidence demonstrating that nerve stimulation is an effective method to treat neurological diseases. DATA AVAILABILITY: The data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.
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Affiliation(s)
- Jing Xu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510030, China
| | - Shaoling Wu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510030, China
| | - Lifang Huo
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510005, China; Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, 510005, China
| | - Qian Zhang
- Department of Rehabilitation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510030, China
| | - Lijiaqi Liu
- Department of Rehabilitation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510030, China
| | - Zhimin Ye
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510005, China
| | - Jie Cao
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510005, China
| | - Haiyun Ma
- Department of Rehabilitation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510030, China
| | - Congping Shang
- Guangzhou Laboratory, Guangzhou, 510005, China; Bioland Laboratory (Guangzhou Regenerative Medicine and Health Guangdong Laboratory), Guangzhou, 510005, China; School of Basic Medical Sciences, The Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, 510005, China.
| | - Chao Ma
- Department of Rehabilitation, Sun Yat-sen Memorial Hospital, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510030, China.
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26
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Zucoloto AZ, Schlechte J, Ignacio A, Thomson CA, Pyke S, Yu IL, Geuking MB, McCoy KD, Yipp BG, Gillrie MR, McDonald B. Vascular traffic control of neutrophil recruitment to the liver by microbiota-endothelium crosstalk. Cell Rep 2023; 42:112507. [PMID: 37195866 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2023.112507] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/21/2022] [Revised: 03/20/2023] [Accepted: 04/28/2023] [Indexed: 05/19/2023] Open
Abstract
During bloodstream infections, neutrophils home to the liver as part of an intravascular immune response to eradicate blood-borne pathogens, but the mechanisms regulating this crucial response are unknown. Using in vivo imaging of neutrophil trafficking in germ-free and gnotobiotic mice, we demonstrate that the intestinal microbiota guides neutrophil homing to the liver in response to infection mediated by the microbial metabolite D-lactate. Commensal-derived D-lactate augments neutrophil adhesion in the liver independent of granulopoiesis in bone marrow or neutrophil maturation and activation in blood. Instead, gut-to-liver D-lactate signaling primes liver endothelial cells to upregulate adhesion molecule expression in response to infection and promote neutrophil adherence. Targeted correction of microbiota D-lactate production in a model of antibiotic-induced dysbiosis restores neutrophil homing to the liver and reduces bacteremia in a model of Staphylococcus aureus infection. These findings reveal long-distance traffic control of neutrophil recruitment to the liver by microbiota-endothelium crosstalk.
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Affiliation(s)
- Amanda Z Zucoloto
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Jared Schlechte
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Aline Ignacio
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Carolyn A Thomson
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Shannon Pyke
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Ian-Ling Yu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Markus B Geuking
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Kathy D McCoy
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Bryan G Yipp
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Mark R Gillrie
- Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Microbiology, Immunology, and Infectious Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Department of Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada
| | - Braedon McDonald
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada; Snyder Institute for Chronic Diseases, Cumming School of Medicine, University of Calgary, Calgary, AB, Canada.
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27
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Morel C, Martinez Sanchez I, Cherifi Y, Chartrel N, Diaz Heijtz R. Perturbation of maternal gut microbiota in mice during a critical perinatal window influences early neurobehavioral outcomes in offspring. Neuropharmacology 2023; 229:109479. [PMID: 36870672 DOI: 10.1016/j.neuropharm.2023.109479] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/16/2022] [Revised: 02/20/2023] [Accepted: 02/24/2023] [Indexed: 03/06/2023]
Abstract
The gut microbiota is increasingly recognized as a key environmental factor that shapes host development and physiology, including neural circuits formation and function. Concurrently, there has been growing concern that early-life antibiotic exposure may alter brain developmental trajectories, increasing the risk for neurodevelopmental disorders such as autism spectrum disorder (ASD). Here, we assessed whether perturbation of the maternal gut microbiota in mice during a narrow critical perinatal window (last week of pregnancy and first three postnatal days), induced by exposure to a commonly used broad-spectrum oral antibiotic (ampicillin), influences offspring neurobehavioral outcomes relevant to ASD. Our results demonstrate that neonatal offspring from antibiotic-treated dams display an altered pattern of ultrasonic communication, which was more pronounced in males. Moreover, juvenile male, but not female, offspring from antibiotic-treated dams showed reduced social motivation and social interaction, as well as context-dependent anxiety-like behavior. However, no changes were observed in locomotor or exploratory activity. This behavioral phenotype of exposed juvenile males was associated with reduced gene expression of the oxytocin receptor (OXTR) and several tight-junction proteins in the prefrontal cortex, a key region involved in the regulation of social and emotional behaviors, as well as a mild inflammatory response in the colon. Further, juvenile offspring from exposed dams also showed distinct alterations in several gut bacterial species, including, Lactobacillus murinus, and Parabacteroides goldsteinii. Overall, this study highlights the importance of the maternal microbiome in early-life, and how its perturbation by a widely used antibiotic could contribute to atypical social and emotional development of offspring in a sex-dependent manner.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cassandre Morel
- Department of Neuroscience, Karolinska Institutet, 171 77, Stockholm, Sweden; University of Rouen Normandy, INSERM, NorDIC, UMR, 1239, F-76000, Rouen, France
| | | | - Yamina Cherifi
- University of Rouen Normandy, INSERM, NorDIC, UMR, 1239, F-76000, Rouen, France
| | - Nicolas Chartrel
- University of Rouen Normandy, INSERM, NorDIC, UMR, 1239, F-76000, Rouen, France
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28
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Wilburn AN, McAlees JW, Haslam DB, Graspeuntner S, Schmudde I, Laumonnier Y, Rupp J, Chougnet CA, Deshmukh H, Zacharias WJ, König P, Lewkowich IP. Delayed Microbial Maturation Durably Exacerbates Th17-driven Asthma in Mice. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol 2023; 68:498-510. [PMID: 36622830 PMCID: PMC10174167 DOI: 10.1165/rcmb.2022-0367oc] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/19/2022] [Accepted: 01/09/2023] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Microbial maturation disrupted by early-life dysbiosis has been linked with increased asthma risk and severity; however, the immunological mechanisms underpinning this connection are poorly understood. We sought to understand how delaying microbial maturation drives worsened asthma outcomes later in life and its long-term durability. Drinking water was supplemented with antibiotics on Postnatal Days 10-20. To assess the immediate and long-term effects of delaying microbial maturation on experimental asthma, we initiated house dust mite exposure when bacterial diversity was either at a minimum or had recovered. Airway hyperresponsiveness, histology, pulmonary leukocyte recruitment, flow cytometric analysis of cytokine-producing lymphocytes, and assessment of serum IgG1 (Immunoglobulin G1) and IgE (Immunoglobulin E) concentrations were performed. RT-PCR was used to measure IL-13 (Interleukin 13)-induced gene expression in sequentially sorted mesenchymal, epithelial, endothelial, and leukocyte cell populations from the lung. Delayed microbial maturation increased allergen-driven airway hyperresponsiveness and Th17 frequency compared with allergen-exposed control mice, even when allergen exposure began after bacterial diversity recovered. Blockade of IL-17A (Interleukin 17A) reversed the airway hyperresponsiveness phenotype. In addition, allergen exposure in animals that experienced delayed microbial maturation showed signs of synergistic signaling between IL-13 and IL-17A in the pulmonary mesenchymal compartment. Delaying microbial maturation in neonates promotes the development of more severe asthma by increasing Th17 frequency, even if allergen exposure is initiated weeks after microbial diversity is normalized. In addition, IL-17A-aggravated asthma is associated with increased expression of IL-13-induced genes in mesenchymal, but not epithelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
| | | | | | - Simon Graspeuntner
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner-site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Lübeck, Germany; and
| | - Inken Schmudde
- Institute of Anatomy, and
- Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Lübeck, Germany
| | - Yves Laumonnier
- Institute for Systemic Inflammation Research, University of Lübeck, Lübeck, Germany
- Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Lübeck, Germany
| | - Jan Rupp
- Department of Infectious Diseases and Microbiology
- German Center for Infection Research (DZIF), partner-site Hamburg-Lübeck-Borstel-Riems, Lübeck, Germany; and
| | - Claire A. Chougnet
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
- Division of Immunobiology
| | - Hitesh Deshmukh
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
- Division of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - William J. Zacharias
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
- Division of Neonatology and Pulmonary Biology, Cincinnati Children’s Hospital Medical Center, Cincinnati, Ohio
| | - Peter König
- Institute of Anatomy, and
- Airway Research Center North (ARCN), Member of the German Center for Lung Research (DZL), Lübeck, Germany
| | - Ian P. Lewkowich
- Department of Pediatrics, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, Ohio
- Division of Immunobiology
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Gareau MG, Barrett KE. Role of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in postacute COVID syndrome. Am J Physiol Gastrointest Liver Physiol 2023; 324:G322-G328. [PMID: 36880667 PMCID: PMC10042594 DOI: 10.1152/ajpgi.00293.2022] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/28/2022] [Revised: 02/27/2023] [Accepted: 02/28/2023] [Indexed: 03/08/2023]
Abstract
The COVID-19 pandemic has resulted in the infection of hundreds of millions of individuals over the past 3 years, coupled with millions of deaths. Along with these more acute impacts of infection, a large subset of patients has developed symptoms that collectively comprise "postacute sequelae of COVID-19" (PASC, also known as long COVID), which can persist for months and maybe even years. In this review, we outline the current knowledge on the role of impaired microbiota-gut-brain (MGB) axis signaling in the development of PASC and the potential mechanisms involved, which may lead to a better understanding of disease progression and treatment options in the future.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mélanie G Gareau
- School of Veterinary Medicine, University of California, Davis, Davis, California, United States
| | - Kim E Barrett
- School of Medicine, University of California, Davis, Sacramento, California, United States
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30
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Maitre M, Jeltsch-David H, Okechukwu NG, Klein C, Patte-Mensah C, Mensah-Nyagan AG. Myelin in Alzheimer's disease: culprit or bystander? Acta Neuropathol Commun 2023; 11:56. [PMID: 37004127 PMCID: PMC10067200 DOI: 10.1186/s40478-023-01554-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 8] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/03/2023] [Accepted: 03/20/2023] [Indexed: 04/03/2023] Open
Abstract
Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disorder with neuronal and synaptic losses due to the accumulation of toxic amyloid β (Αβ) peptide oligomers, plaques, and tangles containing tau (tubulin-associated unit) protein. While familial AD is caused by specific mutations, the sporadic disease is more common and appears to result from a complex chronic brain neuroinflammation with mitochondriopathies, inducing free radicals' accumulation. In aged brain, mutations in DNA and several unfolded proteins participate in a chronic amyloidosis response with a toxic effect on myelin sheath and axons, leading to cognitive deficits and dementia. Αβ peptides are the most frequent form of toxic amyloid oligomers. Accumulations of misfolded proteins during several years alters different metabolic mechanisms, induce chronic inflammatory and immune responses with toxic consequences on neuronal cells. Myelin composition and architecture may appear to be an early target for the toxic activity of Aβ peptides and others hydrophobic misfolded proteins. In this work, we describe the possible role of early myelin alterations in the genesis of neuronal alterations and the onset of symptomatology. We propose that some pathophysiological and clinical forms of the disease may arise from structural and metabolic disorders in the processes of myelination/demyelination of brain regions where the accumulation of non-functional toxic proteins is important. In these forms, the primacy of the deleterious role of amyloid peptides would be a matter of questioning and the initiating role of neuropathology would be primarily the fact of dysmyelination.
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Affiliation(s)
- Michel Maitre
- Biopathologie de la Myéline, Neuroprotection et Stratégies Thérapeutiques, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), INSERM U1119, Université de Strasbourg, Bâtiment CRBS de la Faculté de Médecine, 1 rue Eugène Boeckel, Strasbourg, 67000, France.
| | - Hélène Jeltsch-David
- Biopathologie de la Myéline, Neuroprotection et Stratégies Thérapeutiques, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), INSERM U1119, Université de Strasbourg, Bâtiment CRBS de la Faculté de Médecine, 1 rue Eugène Boeckel, Strasbourg, 67000, France
- Biotechnologie et signalisation cellulaire, UMR 7242 CNRS, Université de Strasbourg, 300 Boulevard Sébastien Brant CS 10413, Illkirch cedex, 67412, France
| | - Nwife Getrude Okechukwu
- Biopathologie de la Myéline, Neuroprotection et Stratégies Thérapeutiques, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), INSERM U1119, Université de Strasbourg, Bâtiment CRBS de la Faculté de Médecine, 1 rue Eugène Boeckel, Strasbourg, 67000, France
| | - Christian Klein
- Biopathologie de la Myéline, Neuroprotection et Stratégies Thérapeutiques, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), INSERM U1119, Université de Strasbourg, Bâtiment CRBS de la Faculté de Médecine, 1 rue Eugène Boeckel, Strasbourg, 67000, France
| | - Christine Patte-Mensah
- Biopathologie de la Myéline, Neuroprotection et Stratégies Thérapeutiques, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), INSERM U1119, Université de Strasbourg, Bâtiment CRBS de la Faculté de Médecine, 1 rue Eugène Boeckel, Strasbourg, 67000, France
| | - Ayikoe-Guy Mensah-Nyagan
- Biopathologie de la Myéline, Neuroprotection et Stratégies Thérapeutiques, Fédération de Médecine Translationnelle de Strasbourg (FMTS), INSERM U1119, Université de Strasbourg, Bâtiment CRBS de la Faculté de Médecine, 1 rue Eugène Boeckel, Strasbourg, 67000, France
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Takahashi K, Hong L, Kurokawa K, Miyagawa K, Mochida-Saito A, Takeda H, Tsuji M. Brexpiprazole prevents colitis-induced depressive-like behavior through myelination in the prefrontal cortex. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 2023; 121:110666. [PMID: 36273507 DOI: 10.1016/j.pnpbp.2022.110666] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/09/2022] [Revised: 10/10/2022] [Accepted: 10/15/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
Patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) have higher rates of psychiatric pathology including depression. The dextran sulfate sodium (DSS)-treated mice exhibit IBD- and depressive-like phenotypes. A disturbed intestinal environment causes a decrease in serotonin and abnormal myelination in the brain, along with depressive-like behavior in rodents. However, the involvement of these factors in DSS-induced depressive-like behavior in mice remains unclear. In this study, we examined whether myelin proteins in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) and hippocampi were altered in DSS-treated mice, along with the changes in the serotonergic system in the PFC by western blotting and HPLC. The effects of brexpiprazole (Brx), a serotonin modulator, on DSS-induced depressive-like behavior using the tail-suspension test were evaluated. Subsequently, we investigated Brx's effects on the levels of myelin, nodal proteins, and neurotrophic molecules in the PFC with western blotting, and examined the altered node of Ranvier formation by immunohistochemistry. DSS-treated mice showed a reduction in myelin and nodal proteins, dysfunction of the serotonergic system, and impaired formation of the nodes of Ranvier in the PFC. Brx administration prevented the DSS-induced depressive-like behavior and demyelination in the PFC. However, the Brx-mediated effects were inhibited by the selective 5-HT1A antagonist, WAY100635, or the selective TrkB antagonist, ANA-12. Brx decreased the phosphorylation of ERK, CREB, and TrkB along with the expression of BDNF in the PFC of DSS-treated mice. Moreover, the effects of Brx were blocked by WAY100635. These findings indicated that myelination regulated by the activation of the ERK1/2-CREB-BDNF-TrkB pathway in the PFC may be involved in mediating the antidepressant effects of Brx.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kohei Takahashi
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, International University of Health and Welfare, 2600-1 Kitakanemaru, Ohtawara, Tochigi 324-8501, Japan
| | - Lihua Hong
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, International University of Health and Welfare, 2600-1 Kitakanemaru, Ohtawara, Tochigi 324-8501, Japan
| | - Kazuhiro Kurokawa
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, International University of Health and Welfare, 2600-1 Kitakanemaru, Ohtawara, Tochigi 324-8501, Japan
| | - Kazuya Miyagawa
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, International University of Health and Welfare, 2600-1 Kitakanemaru, Ohtawara, Tochigi 324-8501, Japan
| | - Atsumi Mochida-Saito
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, International University of Health and Welfare, 2600-1 Kitakanemaru, Ohtawara, Tochigi 324-8501, Japan
| | - Hiroshi Takeda
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy at Fukuoka, International University of Health and Welfare, 137-1 Enokizu, Okawa, Fukuoka 831-8501, Japan
| | - Minoru Tsuji
- Department of Pharmacology, School of Pharmacy, International University of Health and Welfare, 2600-1 Kitakanemaru, Ohtawara, Tochigi 324-8501, Japan.
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Lynch CMK, Cowan CSM, Bastiaanssen TFS, Moloney GM, Theune N, van de Wouw M, Florensa Zanuy E, Ventura-Silva AP, Codagnone MG, Villalobos-Manríquez F, Segalla M, Koc F, Stanton C, Ross P, Dinan TG, Clarke G, Cryan JF. Critical windows of early-life microbiota disruption on behaviour, neuroimmune function, and neurodevelopment. Brain Behav Immun 2023; 108:309-327. [PMID: 36535610 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.12.008] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/14/2022] [Revised: 11/11/2022] [Accepted: 12/14/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Numerous studies have emphasised the importance of the gut microbiota during early life and its role in modulating neurodevelopment and behaviour. Epidemiological studies have shown that early-life antibiotic exposure can increase an individual's risk of developing immune and metabolic diseases. Moreover, preclinical studies have shown that long-term antibiotic-induced microbial disruption in early life can have enduring effects on physiology, brain function and behaviour. However, these studies have not investigated the impact of targeted antibiotic-induced microbiota depletion during critical developmental windows and how this may be related to neurodevelopmental outcomes. Here, we addressed this gap by administering a broad-spectrum oral antibiotic cocktail (ampicillin, gentamicin, vancomycin, and imipenem) to mice during one of three putative critical windows: the postnatal (PN; P2-9), pre-weaning (PreWean; P12-18), or post-weaning (Wean; P21-27) developmental periods and assessed the effects on physiology and behaviour in later life. Our results demonstrate that targeted microbiota disruption during early life has enduring effects into adolescence on the structure and function of the caecal microbiome, especially for antibiotic exposure during the weaning period. Further, we show that microbial disruption in early life selectively alters circulating immune cells and modifies neurophysiology in adolescence, including altered myelin-related gene expression in the prefrontal cortex and altered microglial morphology in the basolateral amygdala. We also observed sex and time-dependent effects of microbiota depletion on anxiety-related behavioural outcomes in adolescence and adulthood. Antibiotic-induced microbial disruption had limited and subtle effects on social behaviour and did not have any significant effects on depressive-like behaviour, short-term working, or recognition memory. Overall, this study highlights the importance of the gut microbiota during critical windows of development and the subtle but long-term effects that microbiota-targeted perturbations can have on brain physiology and behaviour.
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Affiliation(s)
- Caoimhe M K Lynch
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, University College Cork, Ireland
| | | | - Thomaz F S Bastiaanssen
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerard M Moloney
- Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Nigel Theune
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Ireland
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | - Fatma Koc
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Ireland; Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland
| | - Catherine Stanton
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Ireland; Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland
| | - Paul Ross
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Ireland; Teagasc Food Research Centre, Moorepark, Fermoy, Cork, Ireland
| | - Timothy G Dinan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry & Neurobehavioural Sciences, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - Gerard Clarke
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Ireland; Department of Psychiatry & Neurobehavioural Sciences, University College Cork, Ireland
| | - John F Cryan
- APC Microbiome Ireland, University College Cork, Ireland; Department of Anatomy & Neuroscience, University College Cork, Ireland.
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Merchak AR, Cahill HJ, Brown LC, Brown RM, Rivet-Noor C, Beiter RM, Slogar ER, Olgun DG, Gaultier A. The activity of the aryl hydrocarbon receptor in T cells tunes the gut microenvironment to sustain autoimmunity and neuroinflammation. PLoS Biol 2023; 21:e3002000. [PMID: 36787309 PMCID: PMC9928083 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.3002000] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2022] [Accepted: 01/13/2023] [Indexed: 02/15/2023] Open
Abstract
Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a T cell-driven autoimmune disease that attacks the myelin of the central nervous system (CNS) and currently has no cure. MS etiology is linked to both the gut flora and external environmental factors but this connection is not well understood. One immune system regulator responsive to nonpathogenic external stimuli is the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AHR). The AHR, which binds diverse molecules present in the environment in barrier tissues, is a therapeutic target for MS. However, AHR's precise function in T lymphocytes, the orchestrators of MS, has not been described. Here, we show that in a mouse model of MS, T cell-specific Ahr knockout leads to recovery driven by a decrease in T cell fitness. At the mechanistic level, we demonstrate that the absence of AHR changes the gut microenvironment composition to generate metabolites that impact T cell viability, such as bile salts and short chain fatty acids. Our study demonstrates a newly emerging role for AHR in mediating the interdependence between T lymphocytes and the microbiota, while simultaneously identifying new potential molecular targets for the treatment of MS and other autoimmune diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Andrea R. Merchak
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville Virginia, United States of America
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Hannah J. Cahill
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Lucille C. Brown
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Ryan M. Brown
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville Virginia, United States of America
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Courtney Rivet-Noor
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville Virginia, United States of America
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Rebecca M. Beiter
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
- Neuroscience Graduate Program, University of Virginia, Charlottesville Virginia, United States of America
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Erica R. Slogar
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Deniz G. Olgun
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
| | - Alban Gaultier
- Department of Neuroscience, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
- Center for Brain Immunology and Glia, University of Virginia, Charlottesville, Virginia, United States of America
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Ju C, Yuan F, Wang L, Zang C, Ning J, Shang M, Ma J, Li G, Yang Y, Chen Q, Jiang Y, Li F, Bao X, Zhang D. Inhibition of CXCR2 enhances CNS remyelination via modulating PDE10A/cAMP signaling pathway. Neurobiol Dis 2023; 177:105988. [PMID: 36603746 DOI: 10.1016/j.nbd.2023.105988] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 12/21/2022] [Accepted: 01/01/2023] [Indexed: 01/03/2023] Open
Abstract
CXC chemokine receptor 2 (CXCR2) plays an important role in demyelinating diseases, but the detailed mechanisms were not yet clarified. In the present study, we mainly investigated the critical function and the potential molecular mechanisms of CXCR2 on oligodendrocyte precursor cell (OPC) differentiation and remyelination. The present study demonstrated that inhibiting CXCR2 significantly enhanced OPC differentiation and remyelination in primary cultured OPCs and ethidium bromide (EB)-intoxicated rats by facilitating the formation of myelin proteins, including PDGFRα, MBP, MAG, MOG, and Caspr. Further investigation identified phosphodiesterase 10A (PDE10A) as a main downstream protein of CXCR2, interacting with the receptor to regulate OPC differentiation, in that inhibition of CXCR2 reduced PDE10A expression while suppression of PDE10A did not affect CXCR2. Furthermore, inhibition of PDE10A promoted OPC differentiation, whereas overexpression of PDE10A down-regulated OPC differentiation. Our data also revealed that inhibition of CXCR2/PDE10A activated the cAMP/ERK1/2 signaling pathway, and up-regulated the expression of key transcription factors, including SOX10, OLIG2, MYRF, and ZFP24, that ultimately promoted remyelination and myelin protein biosynthesis. In conclusion, our findings suggested that inhibition of CXCR2 promoted OPC differentiation and enhanced remyelination by regulating PDE10A/cAMP/ERK1/2 signaling pathway. The present data also highlighted that CXCR2 may serve as a potential target for the treatment of demyelination diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Cheng Ju
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Fangyu Yuan
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Lu Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Caixia Zang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jingwen Ning
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Meiyu Shang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Jingwei Ma
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Gen Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yang Yang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Qiuzhu Chen
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Yueqi Jiang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Fangfang Li
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Xiuqi Bao
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, China
| | - Dan Zhang
- State Key Laboratory of Bioactive Substrate and Function of Natural Medicine, Institute of Materia Medica, Chinese Academy of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College, 1 Xian Nong Tan Street, Beijing 100050, China.
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Wang S, Cui J, Jiang S, Zheng C, Zhao J, Zhang H, Zhai Q. Early life gut microbiota: Consequences for health and opportunities for prevention. Crit Rev Food Sci Nutr 2022; 64:5793-5817. [PMID: 36537331 DOI: 10.1080/10408398.2022.2158451] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/24/2022]
Abstract
The gut microbiota influences many aspects of the host, including immune system maturation, nutrient absorption and metabolism, and protection from pathogens. Increasing evidences from cohort and animal studies indicate that changes in the gut microbiota early in life increases the risk of developing specific diseases early and later in life. Therefore, it is becoming increasingly important to identify specific disease prevention or therapeutic solutions targeting the gut microbiota, especially during infancy, which is the window of the human gut microbiota establishment process. In this review, we provide an overview of current knowledge concerning the relationship between disturbances in the gut microbiota early in life and health consequences later in life (e.g., necrotizing enterocolitis, celiac disease, asthma, allergies, autism spectrum disorders, overweight/obesity, diabetes and growth retardation), with a focus on changes in the gut microbiota prior to disease onset. In addition, we summarize and discuss potential microbiota-based interventions early in life (e.g., diet adjustments, probiotics, prebiotics, fecal microbiota transplantation, environmental changes) to promote health or prevent the development of specific diseases. This knowledge should aid the understanding of early life microbiology and inform the development of prediction and prevention measures for short- and long-term health disorders based on the gut microbiota.
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Affiliation(s)
- Shumin Wang
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Jingjing Cui
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
| | - Shilong Jiang
- Nutrition and Metabolism Research Division, Innovation Center, Heilongjiang Feihe Dairy Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
- PKUHSC-China Feihe Joint Research Institute of Nutrition and Healthy Lifespan Development, Beijing, China
| | - Chengdong Zheng
- Nutrition and Metabolism Research Division, Innovation Center, Heilongjiang Feihe Dairy Co., Ltd, Beijing, China
- PKUHSC-China Feihe Joint Research Institute of Nutrition and Healthy Lifespan Development, Beijing, China
| | - Jianxin Zhao
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Heng Zhang
- Wuxi School of Medicine, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, China
- Department of Child Health Care, Wuxi Maternity and Child Health Care Hospital, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
| | - Qixiao Zhai
- State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
- School of Food Science and Technology, Jiangnan University, Wuxi, Jiangsu, China
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36
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Agnihotri N, Mohajeri MH. Involvement of Intestinal Microbiota in Adult Neurogenesis and the Expression of Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor. Int J Mol Sci 2022; 23:ijms232415934. [PMID: 36555576 PMCID: PMC9783874 DOI: 10.3390/ijms232415934] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/15/2022] [Revised: 12/07/2022] [Accepted: 12/12/2022] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
Growing evidence suggests a possible involvement of the intestinal microbiota in generating new neurons, but a detailed breakdown of the microbiota composition is lacking. In this report, we systematically reviewed preclinical rodent reports addressing the connection between the composition of the intestinal microbiota and neurogenesis and neurogenesis-affecting neurotrophins in the hippocampus. Various changes in bacterial composition from low taxonomic resolution at the phylum level to high taxonomic resolution at the species level were identified. As for neurogenesis, studies predominantly used doublecortin (DCX) as a marker of newly formed neurons or bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) as a marker of proliferation. Brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) was the only neurotrophin found researched in relation to the intestinal microbiota. Phylum Actinobacteria, genus Bifidobacterium and genus Lactobacillus found the strongest positive. In contrast, phylum Firmicutes, phylum Bacteroidetes, and family Enterobacteriaceae, as well as germ-free status, showed the strongest negative correlation towards neurogenesis or BDNF mRNA expression. Age, short-chain fatty acids (SCFA), obesity, and chronic stress were recurring topics in all studies identified. Overall, these findings add to the existing evidence of a connection between microbiota and processes in the brain. To better understand this interaction, further investigation based on analyses of higher taxonomic resolution and clinical studies would be a gain to the matter.
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Esposito P, Ismail N. Linking Puberty and the Gut Microbiome to the Pathogenesis of Neurodegenerative Disorders. Microorganisms 2022; 10:2163. [PMID: 36363755 PMCID: PMC9697368 DOI: 10.3390/microorganisms10112163] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/20/2022] [Revised: 10/25/2022] [Accepted: 10/27/2022] [Indexed: 08/31/2023] Open
Abstract
Puberty is a critical period of development marked by the maturation of the central nervous system, immune system, and hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis. Due to the maturation of these fundamental systems, this is a period of development that is particularly sensitive to stressors, increasing susceptibility to neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders later in life. The gut microbiome plays a critical role in the regulation of stress and immune responses, and gut dysbiosis has been implicated in the development of neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders. The purpose of this review is to summarize the current knowledge about puberty, neurodegeneration, and the gut microbiome. We also examine the consequences of pubertal exposure to stress and gut dysbiosis on the development of neurodevelopmental and neurodegenerative disorders. Understanding how alterations to the gut microbiome, particularly during critical periods of development (i.e., puberty), influence the pathogenesis of these disorders may allow for the development of therapeutic strategies to prevent them.
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Affiliation(s)
- Pasquale Esposito
- NISE Laboratory, School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
| | - Nafissa Ismail
- NISE Laboratory, School of Psychology, Faculty of Social Sciences, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
- Brain and Mind Research Institute, University of Ottawa, Ottawa, ON K1N 6N5, Canada
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38
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Freimer D, Yang TT, Ho TC, Tymofiyeva O, Leung C. The gut microbiota, HPA axis, and brain in adolescent-onset depression: Probiotics as a novel treatment. Brain Behav Immun Health 2022; 26:100541. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbih.2022.100541] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/17/2022] [Accepted: 10/22/2022] [Indexed: 11/09/2022] Open
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Juarez VM, Montalbine AN, Singh A. Microbiome as an immune regulator in health, disease, and therapeutics. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 188:114400. [PMID: 35718251 PMCID: PMC10751508 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2022.114400] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2021] [Revised: 05/11/2022] [Accepted: 06/12/2022] [Indexed: 11/27/2022]
Abstract
New discoveries in drugs and drug delivery systems are focused on identifying and delivering a pharmacologically effective agent, potentially targeting a specific molecular component. However, current drug discovery and therapeutic delivery approaches do not necessarily exploit the complex regulatory network of an indispensable microbiota that has been engineered through evolutionary processes in humans or has been altered by environmental exposure or diseases. The human microbiome, in all its complexity, plays an integral role in the maintenance of host functions such as metabolism and immunity. However, dysregulation in this intricate ecosystem has been linked with a variety of diseases, ranging from inflammatory bowel disease to cancer. Therapeutics and bacteria have an undeniable effect on each other and understanding the interplay between microbes and drugs could lead to new therapies, or to changes in how existing drugs are delivered. In addition, targeting the human microbiome using engineered therapeutics has the potential to address global health challenges. Here, we present the challenges and cutting-edge developments in microbiome-immune cell interactions and outline novel targeting strategies to advance drug discovery and therapeutics, which are defining a new era of personalized and precision medicine.
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Affiliation(s)
- Valeria M Juarez
- Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Alyssa N Montalbine
- Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States
| | - Ankur Singh
- Coulter Department of Biomedical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology and Emory University School of Medicine, Atlanta, GA, United States; Woodruff School of Mechanical Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, United States.
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40
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Enteric nervous system and intestinal epithelial regulation of the gut-brain axis. J Allergy Clin Immunol 2022; 150:513-522. [PMID: 36075637 DOI: 10.1016/j.jaci.2022.07.015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/03/2022] [Revised: 07/18/2022] [Accepted: 07/22/2022] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
The gut-brain axis describes a bidirectional interplay within the enteric environment between the intestinal epithelium, the mucosal immune system, and the microbiota with the enteric nervous system. This interplay provides a link between exogenous environmental stimuli such as nutrient sensing, and nervous system function, as well as a mechanism of feedback from cortical and sensory centers of the brain to enteric activities. The intestinal epithelium is one of the human body's largest sources of hormones and neurotransmitters, which have critical effects on neuronal function. The influence of the gut microbiota on these processes appears to be profound; yet to date, it has been insufficiently explored. Disruption of the intestinal microbiota is linked not only to diseases in the gut but also to brain symptomatology, including neurodegenerative and behavioral disorders (Parkinson disease, Alzheimer disease, autism, and anxiety and/or depression). In this review we discuss the cellular wiring of the gut-brain axis, with a particular focus on the epithelial and neuronal interaction, the evidence that has led to our current understanding of the intestinal role in neurologic function, and future directions of research to unravel this important interaction in both health and allergic disease.
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Ji X, Tian L, Niu S, Yao S, Qu C. Trimethylamine N-oxide promotes demyelination in spontaneous hypertension rats through enhancing pyroptosis of oligodendrocytes. Front Aging Neurosci 2022; 14:963876. [PMID: 36072486 PMCID: PMC9441869 DOI: 10.3389/fnagi.2022.963876] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/08/2022] [Accepted: 07/29/2022] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Hypertension is a leading risk factor for cerebral small vessel disease (CSVD), a brain microvessels dysfunction accompanied by white matter lesions (WML). Trimethylamine N-oxide (TMAO), a metabolite of intestinal flora, is correlated with cardiovascular and aging diseases. Here, we explored the effect of TMAO on the demyelination of WML. Methods Spontaneous hypertension rats (SHRs) and primary oligodendrocytes were used to explore the effect of TMAO on demyelination in vivo and in vitro. T2-weighted magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) was applied to characterize the white matter hyperintensities (WMH) in rats. TMAO level was evaluated using LC-MS/MS assay. The histopathological changes of corpus callosum were measured by hematoxylin-eosin and luxol fast blue staining. And the related markers were detected by IHC, IF and western blot assay. Mito Tracker Red probe, DCFH-DA assay, flow cytometry based on JC-1 staining and Annexin V-FITC/PI double staining were conducted to evaluate the mitochondrial function, intracellular ROS levels and cell apoptosis. Results SHRs exhibited stronger WMH signals and a higher TMAO level than age-matched normotensive Wistar-kyoto rats (WKY). The corpus callosum region of SHR showed decreased volumes and enhanced demyelination when treated with TMAO. Furthermore, TMAO significantly elevated ROS production and induced NLRP3 inflammasome and impairment of mitochondrial function of oligodendrocytes. More importantly, TMAO enhanced the pyroptosis-related inflammatory death of oligodendrocytes. Conclusion TMAO could cross the blood-brain barrier (BBB) and promote oligodendrocytes pyroptosis via ROS/NLRP3 inflammasome signaling and mitochondrial dysfunction to promote demyelination, revealing a new diagnostic marker for WML under hypertension.
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Affiliation(s)
- Xiaotan Ji
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Neurology, Jining No. 1 People’s Hospital, Jining, China
| | - Long Tian
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Shenna Niu
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
| | - Shumei Yao
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
| | - Chuanqiang Qu
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital, Shandong University, Jinan, China
- Department of Neurology, Shandong Provincial Hospital Affiliated to Shandong First Medical University, Jinan, China
- *Correspondence: Chuanqiang Qu,
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42
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Dash S, Syed YA, Khan MR. Understanding the Role of the Gut Microbiome in Brain Development and Its Association With Neurodevelopmental Psychiatric Disorders. Front Cell Dev Biol 2022; 10:880544. [PMID: 35493075 PMCID: PMC9048050 DOI: 10.3389/fcell.2022.880544] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 15.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/21/2022] [Accepted: 03/28/2022] [Indexed: 12/12/2022] Open
Abstract
The gut microbiome has a tremendous influence on human physiology, including the nervous system. During fetal development, the initial colonization of the microbiome coincides with the development of the nervous system in a timely, coordinated manner. Emerging studies suggest an active involvement of the microbiome and its metabolic by-products in regulating early brain development. However, any disruption during this early developmental process can negatively impact brain functionality, leading to a range of neurodevelopment and neuropsychiatric disorders (NPD). In this review, we summarize recent evidence as to how the gut microbiome can influence the process of early human brain development and its association with major neurodevelopmental psychiatric disorders such as autism spectrum disorders, attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder, and schizophrenia. Further, we discuss how gut microbiome alterations can also play a role in inducing drug resistance in the affected individuals. We propose a model that establishes a direct link of microbiome dysbiosis with the exacerbated inflammatory state, leading to functional brain deficits associated with NPD. Based on the existing research, we discuss a framework whereby early diet intervention can boost mental wellness in the affected subjects and call for further research for a better understanding of mechanisms that govern the gut-brain axis may lead to novel approaches to the study of the pathophysiology and treatment of neuropsychiatric disorders.
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Affiliation(s)
- Somarani Dash
- Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology (IASST), Guwahati, India
- Academy of Scientific and Innovative Research (AcSIR), Ghaziabad, India
| | - Yasir Ahmed Syed
- School of Biosciences and Neuroscience and Mental Health Research Institute, Cardiff University, Hadyn Ellis Building, Cardiff, United Kingdom
| | - Mojibur R. Khan
- Life Sciences Division, Institute of Advanced Study in Science and Technology (IASST), Guwahati, India
- *Correspondence: Mojibur R. Khan,
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Ni J, Xu R, Miao L, Zhu B. The role of Tregs on the butyrate-mediated demyelination and remyelination. Brain Behav Immun 2022; 101:180-181. [PMID: 35032572 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2022.01.012] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/08/2022] [Accepted: 01/10/2022] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Jiayuan Ni
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Rongpeng Xu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Liying Miao
- Department of Nephrology, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China
| | - Bin Zhu
- Department of Critical Care Medicine, The Third Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Changzhou, Jiangsu, China.
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44
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In response to the letter by BOSTANCIKLIOGLU. Brain Behav Immun 2022; 101:59. [PMID: 34968717 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.12.011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/06/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
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Bostanciklioğlu M. Letter to editor about the article "Myelin as a regulator of development of the microbiota-gut-brain axis". Brain Behav Immun 2022; 100:242. [PMID: 34920090 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbi.2021.12.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/25/2021] [Revised: 12/10/2021] [Accepted: 12/11/2021] [Indexed: 10/19/2022] Open
Affiliation(s)
- Mehmet Bostanciklioğlu
- Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Gaziantep University, 27310 Gaziantep, Turkey.
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46
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Zhou B, Jin G, Pang X, Mo Q, Bao J, Liu T, Wu J, Xie R, Liu X, Liu J, Yang H, Xu X, Wang B, Cao H. Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG colonization in early life regulates gut-brain axis and relieves anxiety-like behavior in adulthood. Pharmacol Res 2022; 177:106090. [PMID: 35065201 DOI: 10.1016/j.phrs.2022.106090] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/05/2021] [Revised: 12/25/2021] [Accepted: 01/17/2022] [Indexed: 12/13/2022]
Abstract
Evidence reveals that gut dysbiosis is involved in bidirectional interactions in gut-brain axis and participates in the progress of multiple disorders like anxiety. Gut microbes in early life are crucial for establishment of host health. We aimed to investigate whether early life probiotics Lactobacillus rhamnosus GG (LGG) colonization could relieve anxiety in adulthood through regulation of gut-brain axis. Live or fixed LGG was gavaged to C57BL/6 female mice from day 18 of pregnancy until natural birth, and newborn mice from day 1 to day 5 respectively. In this study, we found that live LGG could be effectively colonized in the intestine of offspring. LGG colonization increased intestinal villus length and colonic crypt depth, accompanied with barrier function protection before weaning. Microbiota composition by 16S rRNA sequencing showed that some beneficial bacteria, such as Akkermansia and Bifidobacteria, were abundant in LGG colonization group. The protective effect of LGG on gut microbiota persisted from weaning to adulthood. Intriguingly, behavioral results assessed by elevated plus mazed test and open field test demonstrated relief of anxiety-like behavior in adult LGG-colonized offspring. Mechanically, LGG colonization activated epithelial growth factor receptor (EGFR) and enhanced serotonin transporter (SERT) expression and modulated serotonergic system in the intestine, and increased brain-derived neurotrophic factor and γ-aminobutyric acid receptor levels in the hippocampus and amygdala. Blocking EGFR blunted LGG-induced the increased SERT and zonula occludens-1 expression. Collectively, early life LGG colonization could protect intestinal barrier of offspring and modulate gut-brain axis in association with relief of anxiety-like behavior in adulthood.
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Affiliation(s)
- Bingqian Zhou
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Ge Jin
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Xiaoqi Pang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Qi Mo
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Jie Bao
- Department of Rehabilitation Medicine, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Tiaotiao Liu
- School of Biomedical Engineering and technology, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300070, China
| | - Jingyi Wu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Runxiang Xie
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Xiang Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Jinghua Liu
- Department of Gastroenterology, Tianjin TEDA hospital, Tianjin 300457, China
| | - Hongwei Yang
- Geriatric Ward of Neurology, Tianjin Geriatrics Institute, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Xin Xu
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Bangmao Wang
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin 300052, China
| | - Hailong Cao
- Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, General Hospital, Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Institute of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin Key Laboratory of Digestive Diseases, Tianjin 300052, China.
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Ye R, Huang J, Wang Z, Chen Y, Dong Y. Trace Element Selenium Effectively Alleviates Intestinal Diseases. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms222111708. [PMID: 34769138 PMCID: PMC8584275 DOI: 10.3390/ijms222111708] [Citation(s) in RCA: 32] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/23/2021] [Revised: 10/18/2021] [Accepted: 10/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Selenium (Se) is an essential trace element in the body. It is mainly used in the body in the form of selenoproteins and has a variety of biological functions. Intestinal diseases caused by chronic inflammation are among the most important threats to human health, and there is no complete cure at present. Due to its excellent antioxidant function, Se has been proven to be effective in alleviating intestinal diseases such as inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs). Therefore, this paper introduces the role of Se and selenoproteins in the intestinal tract and the mechanism of their involvement in the mediation of intestinal diseases. In addition, it introduces the advantages and disadvantages of nano-Se as a new Se preparation and traditional Se supplement in the prevention and treatment of intestinal diseases, so as to provide a reference for the further exploration of the interaction between selenium and intestinal health.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ruihua Ye
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (R.Y.); (Z.W.); (Y.C.)
| | - Jiaqiang Huang
- Key Laboratory of Precision Nutrition and Food Quality, Ministry of Education, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
- Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Food Nutrition and Human Health, Department of Nutrition and Health, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China
| | - Zixu Wang
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (R.Y.); (Z.W.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yaoxing Chen
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (R.Y.); (Z.W.); (Y.C.)
| | - Yulan Dong
- College of Veterinary Medicine, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; (R.Y.); (Z.W.); (Y.C.)
- Correspondence:
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48
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Lynch CMK, Nagpal J, Clarke G, Cryan JF. Wrapping Things Up: Recent Developments in Understanding the Role of the Microbiome in Regulating Myelination. CURRENT OPINION IN PHYSIOLOGY 2021. [DOI: 10.1016/j.cophys.2021.100468] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
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49
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Gut microbiome diversity mediates the association between right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and anxiety level. Brain Imaging Behav 2021; 16:397-405. [PMID: 34554317 DOI: 10.1007/s11682-021-00513-9] [Citation(s) in RCA: 1] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Accepted: 07/16/2021] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Despite the fast growing interest in the impact of microbiome-gut-brain interaction on regulating emotional behavior in animals, the underlying mechanisms on how brain anatomy together with gut microbiotic condition jointly influence emotional state in healthy human volunteers remain largely unknown and hypothetic. Here, high-resolution structural magnetic resonance imaging data, stool samples, and psychological assessment results on anxiety level were collected from 61 healthy adults. Voxel-based morphometry was used to assess gray matter (GM) volumes, whereas 16s rRNA gene sequencing was used for bacterial classification. Correlation and mediation analysis were conducted to quantify the relationships among regional GM volume, gut microbiome diversity, and anxiety level. We observed that anxiety level was negatively correlated with GM volume in the right dorsolateral prefrontal cortex and alpha diversity index of gut microbiome. Additional mediation analysis revealed the indirect effect of dorsolateral prefrontal cortex GM volume on anxiety level via gut microbiome diversity. Our findings provide potential evidence of the microbiome-gut-brain interactions and their association with anxiety, highlighting gut microbiome diversity as a mediator that influences the relationship between brain morphometry and anxiety level.
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50
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Hudson KM, Shiver E, Yu J, Mehta S, Jima DD, Kane MA, Patisaul HB, Cowley M. Transcriptomic, proteomic, and metabolomic analyses identify candidate pathways linking maternal cadmium exposure to altered neurodevelopment and behavior. Sci Rep 2021; 11:16302. [PMID: 34381081 PMCID: PMC8357970 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-021-95630-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/02/2020] [Accepted: 07/28/2021] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Cadmium (Cd) is a ubiquitous toxic heavy metal of major public concern. Despite inefficient placental transfer, maternal Cd exposure impairs fetal growth and development. Increasing evidence from animal models and humans suggests maternal Cd exposure negatively impacts neurodevelopment; however, the underlying molecular mechanisms are unclear. To address this, we utilized multiple -omics approaches in a mouse model of maternal Cd exposure to identify pathways altered in the developing brain. Offspring maternally exposed to Cd presented with enlarged brains proportional to body weights at birth and altered behavior at adulthood. RNA-seq in newborn brains identified exposure-associated increases in Hox gene and myelin marker expression and suggested perturbed retinoic acid (RA) signaling. Proteomic analysis showed altered levels of proteins involved in cellular energy pathways, hypoxic response, and RA signaling. Consistent with transcriptomic and proteomic analyses, we identified increased levels of retinoids in maternally-exposed newborn brains. Metabolomic analyses identified metabolites with significantly altered abundance, supportive of changes to cellular energy pathways and hypoxia. Finally, maternal Cd exposure reduced mitochondrial DNA levels in newborn brains. The identification of multiple pathways perturbed in the developing brain provides a basis for future studies determining the mechanistic links between maternal Cd exposure and altered neurodevelopment and behavior.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kathleen M Hudson
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
- Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Emily Shiver
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
- Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Jianshi Yu
- School of Pharmacy Mass Spectrometry Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Sanya Mehta
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
- Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Dereje D Jima
- Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
- Bioinformatics Research Center, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Maureen A Kane
- School of Pharmacy Mass Spectrometry Center, Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences, University of Maryland, Baltimore, MD, 21201, USA
| | - Heather B Patisaul
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
- Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA
| | - Michael Cowley
- Department of Biological Sciences, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
- Center for Human Health and the Environment, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC, 27695, USA.
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