1
|
Salvato I, Ricciardi L, Nucera F, Nigro A, Dal Col J, Monaco F, Caramori G, Stellato C. RNA-Binding Proteins as a Molecular Link between COPD and Lung Cancer. COPD 2023; 20:18-30. [PMID: 36655862 DOI: 10.1080/15412555.2022.2107500] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/20/2023]
Abstract
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) represents an independent risk factor for lung cancer development. Accelerated cell senescence, induced by oxidative stress and inflammation, is a common pathogenic determinant of both COPD and lung cancer. The post transcriptional regulation of genes involved in these processes is finely regulated by RNA-binding proteins (RBPs), which regulate mRNA turnover, subcellular localization, splicing and translation. Multiple pro-inflammatory mediators (including cytokines, chemokines, proteins, growth factors and others), responsible of lung microenvironment alteration, are regulated by RBPs. Several mouse models have shown the implication of RBPs in multiple mechanisms that sustain chronic inflammation and neoplastic transformation. However, further studies are required to clarify the role of RBPs in the pathogenic mechanisms shared by lung cancer and COPD, in order to identify novel biomarkers and therapeutic targets. This review will therefore focus on the studies collectively indicating the role of RBPs in oxidative stress and chronic inflammation as common pathogenic mechanisms shared by lung cancer and COPD.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ilaria Salvato
- Pneumologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (BIOMORF), Università degli Studi di Messina, Italy
| | - Luca Ricciardi
- Pneumologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (BIOMORF), Università degli Studi di Messina, Italy
| | - Francesco Nucera
- Pneumologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (BIOMORF), Università degli Studi di Messina, Italy
| | - Annunziata Nigro
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Jessica Dal Col
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| | - Francesco Monaco
- Chirurgia Toracica, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (BIOMORF), Università degli Studi di Messina, Italy
| | - Gaetano Caramori
- Pneumologia, Dipartimento di Scienze Biomediche, Odontoiatriche e delle Immagini Morfologiche e Funzionali (BIOMORF), Università degli Studi di Messina, Italy
| | - Cristiana Stellato
- Department of Medicine, Surgery and Dentistry "Scuola Medica Salernitana", University of Salerno, Salerno, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
2
|
Guha A, Waris S, Nabors LB, Filippova N, Gorospe M, Kwan T, King PH. The versatile role of HuR in Glioblastoma and its potential as a therapeutic target for a multi-pronged attack. Adv Drug Deliv Rev 2022; 181:114082. [PMID: 34923029 PMCID: PMC8916685 DOI: 10.1016/j.addr.2021.114082] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/15/2021] [Revised: 10/15/2021] [Accepted: 12/12/2021] [Indexed: 02/03/2023]
Abstract
Glioblastoma (GBM) is a malignant and aggressive brain tumor with a median survival of ∼15 months. Resistance to treatment arises from the extensive cellular and molecular heterogeneity in the three major components: glioma tumor cells, glioma stem cells, and tumor-associated microglia and macrophages. Within this triad, there is a complex network of intrinsic and secreted factors that promote classic hallmarks of cancer, including angiogenesis, resistance to cell death, proliferation, and immune evasion. A regulatory node connecting these diverse pathways is at the posttranscriptional level as mRNAs encoding many of the key drivers contain adenine- and uridine rich elements (ARE) in the 3' untranslated region. Human antigen R (HuR) binds to ARE-bearing mRNAs and is a major positive regulator at this level. This review focuses on basic concepts of ARE-mediated RNA regulation and how targeting HuR with small molecule inhibitors represents a plausible strategy for a multi-pronged therapeutic attack on GBM.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Abhishek Guha
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States
| | - Saboora Waris
- Shaheed Zulfiqar Ali Bhutto Medical University, PIMS, G-8, Islamabad, Pakistan
| | - Louis B Nabors
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States
| | - Natalia Filippova
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States
| | - Myriam Gorospe
- Laboratory of Genetics and Genomics, National Institute on Aging Intramural Research Program, National Institutes of Health, Baltimore, MD 21224, United States
| | - Thaddaeus Kwan
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States
| | - Peter H King
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States; Department of Cell, Developmental, and Integrative Biology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States; Birmingham Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Birmingham, AL 35294, United States.
| |
Collapse
|
3
|
Lai HC, Ho UY, James A, De Souza P, Roberts TL. RNA metabolism and links to inflammatory regulation and disease. Cell Mol Life Sci 2021; 79:21. [PMID: 34971439 PMCID: PMC11072290 DOI: 10.1007/s00018-021-04073-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/13/2021] [Revised: 09/29/2021] [Accepted: 10/22/2021] [Indexed: 11/29/2022]
Abstract
Inflammation is vital to protect the host against foreign organism invasion and cellular damage. It requires tight and concise gene expression for regulation of pro- and anti-inflammatory gene expression in immune cells. Dysregulated immune responses caused by gene mutations and errors in post-transcriptional regulation can lead to chronic inflammatory diseases and cancer. The mechanisms underlying post-transcriptional gene expression regulation include mRNA splicing, mRNA export, mRNA localisation, mRNA stability, RNA/protein interaction, and post-translational events such as protein stability and modification. The majority of studies to date have focused on transcriptional control pathways. However, post-transcriptional regulation of mRNA in eukaryotes is equally important and related information is lacking. In this review, we will focus on the mechanisms involved in the pre-mRNA splicing events, mRNA surveillance, RNA degradation pathways, disorders or symptoms caused by mutations or errors in post-transcriptional regulation during innate immunity especially toll-like receptor mediated pathways.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hui-Chi Lai
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW, Australia.
- South West Sydney Clinical School, UNSW Australia, Liverpool, NSW, Australia.
| | - Uda Y Ho
- School of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, University of Queensland, Brisbane, Australia
| | - Alexander James
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
| | - Paul De Souza
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
- School of Medicine, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, NSW, Australia
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Macarthur, NSW, Australia
| | - Tara L Roberts
- Ingham Institute for Applied Medical Research, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
- South West Sydney Clinical School, UNSW Australia, Liverpool, NSW, Australia
- School of Medicine, Western Sydney University, Macarthur, NSW, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
4
|
Dörner MF, Boknik P, Köpp F, Buchwalow IB, Neumann J, Gergs U. Mechanisms of Systolic Cardiac Dysfunction in PP2A, PP5 and PP2AxPP5 Double Transgenic Mice. Int J Mol Sci 2021; 22:ijms22179448. [PMID: 34502355 PMCID: PMC8431312 DOI: 10.3390/ijms22179448] [Citation(s) in RCA: 6] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/10/2021] [Revised: 08/26/2021] [Accepted: 08/26/2021] [Indexed: 12/15/2022] Open
Abstract
As part of our ongoing studies on the potential pathophysiological role of serine/threonine phosphatases (PP) in the mammalian heart, we have generated transgenic mice with cardiac muscle cell-specific overexpression of PP2Acα (PP2A) and PP5 (PP5). For further studies we crossbred PP2A and PP5 mice to obtain PP2AxPP5 double transgenic mice (PP2AxPP5, DT) and compared them with littermate wild-type mice (WT) serving as a control. The mortality of DT mice was greatly enhanced vs. other genotypes. Cardiac fibrosis was noted histologically and mRNA levels of collagen 1α, collagen 3α and fibronectin 1 were augmented in DT. DT and PP2A mice exhibited an increase in relative heart weight. The ejection fraction (EF) was reduced in PP2A and DT but while the EF of PP2A was nearly normalized after β-adrenergic stimulation by isoproterenol, it was almost unchanged in DT. Moreover, left atrial preparations from DT were less sensitive to isoproterenol treatment both under normoxic conditions and after hypoxia. In addition, levels of the hypertrophy markers atrial natriuretic peptide and B-type natriuretic peptide as well as the inflammation markers interleukin 6 and nuclear factor kappa B were increased in DT. PP2A enzyme activity was enhanced in PP2A vs. WT but similar to DT. This was accompanied by a reduced phosphorylation state of phospholamban at serine-16. Fittingly, the relaxation times in left atria from DT were prolonged. In summary, cardiac co-overexpression of PP2A and PP5 were detrimental to animal survival and cardiac function, and the mechanism may involve dephosphorylation of important regulatory proteins but also fibrosis and inflammation.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mara-Francine Dörner
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, D-06097 Halle, Germany; (M.-F.D.); (F.K.); (J.N.)
- Mibe GmbH Arzneimittel, D-06796 Brehna, Germany
| | - Peter Boknik
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, D-48149 Münster, Germany;
| | - Friedrich Köpp
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, D-06097 Halle, Germany; (M.-F.D.); (F.K.); (J.N.)
| | - Igor B. Buchwalow
- Institute for Hematopathology, Fangdieckstr. 75a, D-22547 Hamburg, Germany;
| | - Joachim Neumann
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, D-06097 Halle, Germany; (M.-F.D.); (F.K.); (J.N.)
| | - Ulrich Gergs
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, D-06097 Halle, Germany; (M.-F.D.); (F.K.); (J.N.)
- Correspondence: ; Tel.: +49-345-557-4093
| |
Collapse
|
5
|
Hsieh HH, Chen YA, Chang YJ, Wang HH, Yu YH, Lin SW, Huang YJ, Lin S, Chang CJ. The functional characterization of phosphorylation of tristetraprolin at C-terminal NOT1-binding domain. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2021; 18:22. [PMID: 34090459 PMCID: PMC8180021 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-021-00288-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 2] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/30/2020] [Accepted: 05/20/2021] [Indexed: 12/26/2022]
Abstract
Background Tristetraprolin (TTP) family proteins contain conserved tandem CCCH zinc-finger binding to AU-rich elements and C-terminal NOT1-binding domain. TTP is phosphorylated extensively in cells, and its mRNA destabilization activity is regulated by protein phosphorylation. Methods We generated an antibody against phospho-Serine316 located at the C-terminal NOT1-binding site and examined TTP phosphorylation in LPS-stimulated RAW264.7 cells. Knockout of TTP was created in RAW264.7 cells using CRISPR/Cas9 gene editing to explore TTP functions. Results We demonstrated that Ser316 was phosphorylated by p90 ribosomal S6 kinase 1 (RSK1) and p38-activated protein kinase (MK2) and dephosphorylated by Protein Phosphatase 2A (PP2A). A phosphorylation-mimic mutant of S316D resulted in dissociation with the CCR4-NOT deadenylase complex through weakening interaction with CNOT1. Furthermore, Ser316 and serines 52 and 178 were independently contributed to the CCR4-NOT complex recruitment in the immunoprecipitation assay using phosphor-mimic mutants. In RAW264.7 macrophages, TTP was induced, and Ser316 was phosphorylated through RSK1 and MK2 by LPS stimulation. Knockout of TTP resulted in TNFα mRNA increased due to mRNA stabilization. Overexpression of non-phosphorylated S316A TTP mutant can restore TTP activity and lead to TNFα mRNA decreased. GST pull-down and RNA pull-down analyses demonstrated that endogenous TTP with Ser316 phosphorylation decreased the interaction with CNOT1. Conclusions Our results suggest that the TTP-mediated mRNA stability is modulated by Ser316 phosphorylation via regulating the TTP interaction with the CCR4-NOT deadenylase complex. Supplementary Information The online version contains supplementary material available at 10.1186/s12950-021-00288-2.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Hsin-Hui Hsieh
- Graduate Institute of Biochemical Sciences, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, No. 1 Sec 4 Roosevelt Rd, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Yen-An Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biochemical Sciences, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, No. 1 Sec 4 Roosevelt Rd, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Yao-Jen Chang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Hui Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Immunology and Nephrology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan.,Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan.,Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang Ming Chiao Tung University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ya-Han Yu
- Graduate Institute of Biochemical Sciences, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, No. 1 Sec 4 Roosevelt Rd, Taipei, 106, Taiwan
| | - Sheng-Wei Lin
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Yin-Jung Huang
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Immunology and Nephrology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Steven Lin
- Graduate Institute of Biochemical Sciences, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, No. 1 Sec 4 Roosevelt Rd, Taipei, 106, Taiwan.,Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - Ching-Jin Chang
- Graduate Institute of Biochemical Sciences, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, No. 1 Sec 4 Roosevelt Rd, Taipei, 106, Taiwan. .,Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.
| |
Collapse
|
6
|
Bertesi M, Fantini S, Alecci C, Lotti R, Martello A, Parenti S, Carretta C, Marconi A, Grande A, Pincelli C, Zanocco-Marani T. Promoter Methylation Leads to Decreased ZFP36 Expression and Deregulated NLRP3 Inflammasome Activation in Psoriatic Fibroblasts. Front Med (Lausanne) 2021; 7:579383. [PMID: 33585499 PMCID: PMC7874095 DOI: 10.3389/fmed.2020.579383] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/02/2020] [Accepted: 12/17/2020] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
The mRNA-destabilizing protein tristetraprolin (TTP), encoded by the ZFP36 gene, is known to be able to end inflammatory responses by directly targeting and destabilizing mRNAs encoding pro-inflammatory cytokines. We analyzed its role in psoriasis, a disease characterized by chronic inflammation. We observed that TTP is downregulated in fibroblasts deriving from psoriasis patients compared to those deriving from healthy individuals and that psoriatic fibroblasts exhibit abnormal inflammasome activity compared to their physiological counterpart. This phenomenon depends on TTP downregulation. In fact, following restoration, TTP is capable of directly targeting for degradation NLRP3 mRNA, thereby drastically decreasing inflammasome activation. Moreover, we provide evidence that ZFP36 undergoes methylation in psoriasis, by virtue of the presence of long stretches of CpG dinucleotides both in the promoter and the coding region. Besides confirming that a perturbation of TTP expression might underlie the pathogenesis of psoriasis, we suggest that deregulated inflammasome activity might play a role in the disease alongside deregulated cytokine expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Matteo Bertesi
- Laboratory of Applied Biology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Sebastian Fantini
- Department of Life Sciences, Centre for Regenerative Medicine "Stefano Ferrari", University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Claudia Alecci
- Laboratory of Applied Biology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Roberta Lotti
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Biology, Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Andrea Martello
- University College London, Institute of Ophthalmology London, London, United Kingdom
| | - Sandra Parenti
- Department of Life Sciences, Centre for Regenerative Medicine "Stefano Ferrari", University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Chiara Carretta
- Department of Life Sciences, Centre for Regenerative Medicine "Stefano Ferrari", University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Alessandra Marconi
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Biology, Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Alexis Grande
- Laboratory of Applied Biology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Carlo Pincelli
- Laboratory of Cutaneous Biology, Department of Surgical, Medical, Dental and Morphological Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| | - Tommaso Zanocco-Marani
- Laboratory of Applied Biology, Department of Life Sciences, University of Modena and Reggio Emilia, Modena, Italy
| |
Collapse
|
7
|
Bollmann P, Werner F, Jaron M, Bruns TA, Wache H, Runte J, Boknik P, Kirchhefer U, Müller FU, Buchwalow IB, Rothemund S, Neumann J, Gergs U. Initial Characterization of Stressed Transgenic Mice With Cardiomyocyte-Specific Overexpression of Protein Phosphatase 2C. Front Pharmacol 2021; 11:591773. [PMID: 33597873 PMCID: PMC7883593 DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2020.591773] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/05/2020] [Accepted: 12/07/2020] [Indexed: 12/17/2022] Open
Abstract
As part of our ongoing studies on the potential pathophysiological role of serine/threonine phosphatases (PP) in the mammalian heart, we have generated mice with cardiac-specific overexpression of PP2Cβ (PP2C-TG) and compared them with littermate wild type mice (WT) serving as a control. Cardiac fibrosis was noted histologically in PP2C-TG. Collagen 1a, interleukin-6 and the natriuretic peptides ANP and BNP were augmented in PP2C-TG vs. WT (p < 0.05). Left atrial preparations from PP2C-TG were less resistant to hypoxia than atria from WT. PP2C-TG maintained cardiac function after the injection of lipopolysaccharide (LPS, a model of sepsis) and chronic isoproterenol treatment (a model of heart failure) better than WT. Crossbreeding of PP2C-TG mice with PP2A-TG mice (a genetic model of heart failure) resulted in double transgenic (DT) mice that exhibited a pronounced increase of heart weight in contrast to the mild hypertrophy noted in the mono-transgenic mice. The ejection fraction was reduced in PP2C-TG and in PP2A-TG mice compared with WT, but the reduction was the highest in DT compared with WT. PP2A enzyme activity was enhanced in PP2A-TG and DT mice compared with WT and PP2C-TG mice. In summary, cardiac overexpression of PP2Cβ and co-overexpression of both the catalytic subunit of PP2A and PP2Cβ were detrimental to cardiac function. PP2Cβ overexpression made cardiac preparations less resistant to hypoxia than WT, leading to fibrosis, but PP2Cβ overexpression led to better adaptation to some stressors, such as LPS or chronic β-adrenergic stimulation. Hence, the effect of PP2Cβ is context sensitive.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paula Bollmann
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Franziska Werner
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Marko Jaron
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Tom A Bruns
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Hartmut Wache
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Jochen Runte
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Peter Boknik
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
| | - Uwe Kirchhefer
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
| | - Frank U Müller
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Westfälische Wilhelms-Universität, Münster, Germany
| | | | | | - Joachim Neumann
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| | - Ulrich Gergs
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
8
|
Goswami A, Mukherjee K, Mazumder A, Ganguly S, Mukherjee I, Chakrabarti S, Roy S, Sundar S, Chattopadhyay K, Bhattacharyya SN. MicroRNA exporter HuR clears the internalized pathogens by promoting pro-inflammatory response in infected macrophages. EMBO Mol Med 2020; 12:e11011. [PMID: 32031337 PMCID: PMC7059013 DOI: 10.15252/emmm.201911011] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/16/2019] [Revised: 12/24/2019] [Accepted: 01/08/2020] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
HuR is a miRNA derepressor protein that can act as miRNA sponge for specific miRNAs to negate their action on target mRNAs. Here we have identified how HuR, by inducing extracellular vesicles‐mediated export of miRNAs, ensures robust derepression of miRNA‐repressed cytokines essential for strong pro‐inflammatory response in activated mammalian macrophages. Leishmania donovani, the causative agent of visceral leishmaniasis, on the contrary alters immune response of the host macrophage by a variety of complex mechanisms to promote anti‐inflammatory response essential for the survival of the parasite. We have found that during Leishmania infection, the pathogen targets HuR to promote onset of anti‐inflammatory response in mammalian macrophages. In infected macrophages, Leishmania also upregulate protein phosphatase 2A that acts on Ago2 protein to keep it in dephosphorylated and miRNA‐associated form. This causes robust repression of the miRNA‐targeted pro‐inflammatory cytokines to establish an anti‐inflammatory response in infected macrophages. HuR has an inhibitory effect on protein phosphatase 2A expression, and mathematical modelling of macrophage activation process supports antagonistic miRNA‐modulatory roles of HuR and protein phosphatase 2A which mutually balances immune response in macrophage by targeting miRNA function. Supporting this model, ectopic expression of the protein HuR and simultaneous inhibition of protein phosphatase 2A induce strong pro‐inflammatory response in the host macrophage to prevent the virulent antimonial drug‐sensitive or drug‐resistant form of L. donovani infection. Thus, HuR can act as a balancing factor of immune responses to curtail the macrophage infection process by the protozoan parasite.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Avijit Goswami
- RNA Biology Research Laboratory, Molecular Genetics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Kamalika Mukherjee
- RNA Biology Research Laboratory, Molecular Genetics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Anup Mazumder
- RNA Biology Research Laboratory, Molecular Genetics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Satarupa Ganguly
- RNA Biology Research Laboratory, Molecular Genetics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Ishita Mukherjee
- Structural Biology and Bio-informatics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Saikat Chakrabarti
- Structural Biology and Bio-informatics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Syamal Roy
- National Institute of Pharmaceutical Educations and Research, Kolkata, India
| | - Shyam Sundar
- Department of Medicine, Banaras Hindu University, Varanasi, India
| | - Krishnananda Chattopadhyay
- Structural Biology and Bio-informatics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| | - Suvendra N Bhattacharyya
- RNA Biology Research Laboratory, Molecular Genetics Division, CSIR-Indian Institute of Chemical Biology, Kolkata, India
| |
Collapse
|
9
|
Zainol MIB, Kawasaki T, Monwan W, Murase M, Sueyoshi T, Kawai T. Innate immune responses through Toll-like receptor 3 require human-antigen-R-mediated Atp6v0d2 mRNA stabilization. Sci Rep 2019; 9:20406. [PMID: 31892731 PMCID: PMC6938500 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-019-56914-w] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/21/2019] [Accepted: 12/16/2019] [Indexed: 12/29/2022] Open
Abstract
Toll-like receptor 3 (TLR3) recognizes double-stranded RNA derived from virus and its synthetic analogue, polyinosinic–polycytidylic acid [poly(I:C)]. Upon poly(I:C) binding, TLR3 activates transcription factors to express inflammatory cytokines and type I interferon. TLR3 is located in the endosomes and its recognition of poly(I:C) and activation of downstream signaling is regulated by endosomal acidification. However, the mechanism of post-transcriptional regulation in TLR3-mediated innate responses remains unclear. Here, we focused on Human antigen R (HuR, also known as ELAVL1) that recognizes and binds to the 3′ untranslated regions (3′UTRs) of target mRNAs, thereby protecting them from mRNA degradation, and found that HuR-deficient murine macrophage cells showed significantly reduced Ifnb1 mRNA expression after poly(I:C) stimulation. HuR-deficient cells also showed a marked reduction in the expression of Atp6v0d2 mRNA, which encodes a subunit of vacuolar-type H+ ATPase (V-ATPase), and therefore reduced endosomal acidification. HuR associated with the 3′UTR of Atp6v0d2 mRNA and the stability of Atp6v0d2 mRNA was maintained by its association with HuR. Taken together, our results suggest that HuR stabilizes Atp6v0d2 mRNA, which is required for the TLR3-mediated innate immune responses.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mohd Izwan Bin Zainol
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunobiology, Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Nara, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Takumi Kawasaki
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunobiology, Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Nara, 630-0192, Japan.
| | - Warunthorn Monwan
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunobiology, Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Nara, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Motoya Murase
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunobiology, Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Nara, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Takuya Sueyoshi
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunobiology, Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Nara, 630-0192, Japan
| | - Taro Kawai
- Laboratory of Molecular Immunobiology, Division of Biological Science, Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and Technology (NAIST), Nara, 630-0192, Japan.
| |
Collapse
|
10
|
Gergs U, Jahn T, Werner F, Köhler C, Köpp F, Großmann C, Neumann J. Overexpression of protein phosphatase 5 in the mouse heart: Reduced contractility but increased stress tolerance - Two sides of the same coin? PLoS One 2019; 14:e0221289. [PMID: 31425567 PMCID: PMC6699691 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0221289] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/11/2019] [Accepted: 08/02/2019] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
The pathophysiological mechanisms of sepsis-induced cardiac dysfunction are largely unknown. The Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) is expressed in cardiac myocytes and is involved in bacterial endotoxin-mediated inflammatory disorders. TLR4 signaling leads to activation of the nuclear factor kappa B followed by increased expression of cytokines. Several protein phosphatases including PP2Cβ, PP2A or PP1 are known to act as regulators of this signaling pathway. Here, we examined the role of PP5 for the inflammatory response to the bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide in the heart using a transgenic mouse model with cardiac myocyte directed overexpression of PP5. In these transgenic mice, basal cardiac contractility was reduced, in vivo as well as in vitro, but LPS-induced cardiac dysfunction was less pronounced compared to wild type mice. Quantitative RT-PCR suggested an attenuated NF-κB signaling in the heart and cardiac expression of heat shock protein 25 (HSP25) was increased in PP5 transgenic mice. From our data we assume that PP5 increases stress tolerance of cardiac myocytes by downregulation of NF-κB signaling and upregulation of HSP25 expression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ulrich Gergs
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
- * E-mail:
| | - Tina Jahn
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Franziska Werner
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Carolin Köhler
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Friedrich Köpp
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Claudia Großmann
- Julius-Bernstein-Institut für Physiologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| | - Joachim Neumann
- Institut für Pharmakologie und Toxikologie, Medizinische Fakultät, Martin-Luther-Universität Halle-Wittenberg, Halle (Saale), Germany
| |
Collapse
|
11
|
Esnault S, Kelly EA, Johnson SH, DeLain LP, Haedt MJ, Noll AL, Sandbo N, Jarjour NN. Matrix Metalloproteinase-9-Dependent Release of IL-1 β by Human Eosinophils. Mediators Inflamm 2019; 2019:7479107. [PMID: 30906226 PMCID: PMC6398033 DOI: 10.1155/2019/7479107] [Citation(s) in RCA: 20] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2018] [Accepted: 11/22/2018] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
Asthma is often associated with airway eosinophilia, and therapies targeting eosinophils are now available to treat severe eosinophilic asthma. Eosinophilic asthma is often due to a type-2 immune response and production of IL-5, which leads to eosinophilopiesis and recruitment of mature eosinophils in the airways. A concomitant type-2 and type-17 response has been reported in some individuals. IL-17 may be enhanced by IL-1β production and can lead to neutrophilic inflammation. In fact, both eosinophilic and neutrophilic (mixed granulocytic) inflammation are simultaneously present in a large population of patients with asthma. In monocyte/macrophage cell populations, release of mature IL-1β occurs via toll-like receptor ligand-induced activation of the inflammasome. Within the inflammasome, a cascade of events leads to the activation of caspase-1, which cleaves pro-IL-1β protein into a mature, releasable, and active form. We have demonstrated that eosinophils can release IL-1β in a Toll-like receptor ligand-independent fashion. The objective of this study was to determine the mechanisms underlying the production and maturation of IL-1β in cytokine-activated eosinophils. Using eosinophils from circulating blood and from bronchoalveolar lavage fluid after an airway allergen challenge, the present study demonstrates that cytokine-activated eosinophils express and release a bioactive form of IL-1β with an apparent size less than the typical 17 kDa mature form produced by macrophages. Using a zymography approach and pharmacological inhibitors, we identified matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9) as a protease that cleaves pro-IL-1β into a ~15 kDa form and allows the release of IL-1β from cytokine-activated eosinophils. Therefore, we conclude that activated eosinophils produce MMP-9, which causes the release of IL-1β in an inflammasome/caspase-1-independent manner. The production of IL-1β by eosinophils may be a link between the eosinophilic/type-2 immune response and the neutrophilic/type-17 immune response that is often associated with a more severe and treatment-refractory type of asthma.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Stephane Esnault
- University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Elizabeth A. Kelly
- University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Sean H. Johnson
- University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Larissa P. DeLain
- University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Madeline J. Haedt
- University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Andrea L. Noll
- University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Nathan Sandbo
- University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Madison, WI, USA
| | - Nizar N. Jarjour
- University of Wisconsin-Madison School of Medicine and Public Health, Department of Medicine, Division of Allergy, Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Madison, WI, USA
| |
Collapse
|
12
|
Naz S, Battu S, Khan RA, Afroz S, Giddaluru J, Vishwakarma SK, Satti V, Habeeb MA, Khan AA, Khan N. Activation of integrated stress response pathway regulates IL-1β production through posttranscriptional and translational reprogramming in macrophages. Eur J Immunol 2019; 49:277-289. [PMID: 30578631 DOI: 10.1002/eji.201847513] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/24/2018] [Revised: 10/27/2018] [Accepted: 12/10/2018] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Immune cells sense and programme its cellular machinery appropriately to the environmental changes through the activation of cytoprotective adaptive pathway so-called the "integrated stress response (ISR)". However, the mechanisms implicated in ISR-induced protective responses are poorly understood. Here, we show that ISR activation by arsenite (Ar) results in suppression of IL-1β production in macrophages and inhibition of DSS-induced colitis in a murine model through a novel posttranscriptional and translation regulatory (PTR) mechanism. Ar triggers PTR events through eIF2α-phosphorylation, which results in the attenuation of active polysome formation leading to the accumulation of translationally stalled IL-1β mRNAs. Translationally stalled IL-1β mRNAs recruit RNA-binding proteins (TIA-1/TIAR), resulting in the formation of RBP-RNA complexes known as stress granules (SGs). The SGs bound IL-1β mRNAs might undergo degradation through induction of autophagy. Also, we show that Ar posttranslationally impairs processing and secretion of IL-1β by diminishing inflammasome activation. Altogether, this study unveils a novel mechanism of IL-1β regulation and further suggests that pharmacological activation of cytoprotective ISR pathway might provide an effective therapeutic intervention against inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Saima Naz
- Central Laboratory for Stem Cell Research and Translational Medicine, Center for Liver Research and Diagnostics, Deccan College of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India
| | - Srikanth Battu
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Rafiq Ahmad Khan
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sumbul Afroz
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Jeevan Giddaluru
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| | - Sandeep Kumar Vishwakarma
- Central Laboratory for Stem Cell Research and Translational Medicine, Center for Liver Research and Diagnostics, Deccan College of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India
| | | | - Md Aejaz Habeeb
- Central Laboratory for Stem Cell Research and Translational Medicine, Center for Liver Research and Diagnostics, Deccan College of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India
| | - Aleem Ahmed Khan
- Central Laboratory for Stem Cell Research and Translational Medicine, Center for Liver Research and Diagnostics, Deccan College of Medical Sciences, Hyderabad, India
| | - Nooruddin Khan
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, India
| |
Collapse
|
13
|
Herman AB, Vrakas CN, Ray M, Kelemen SE, Sweredoski MJ, Moradian A, Haines DS, Autieri MV. FXR1 Is an IL-19-Responsive RNA-Binding Protein that Destabilizes Pro-inflammatory Transcripts in Vascular Smooth Muscle Cells. Cell Rep 2018; 24:1176-1189. [PMID: 30067974 PMCID: PMC11004729 DOI: 10.1016/j.celrep.2018.07.002] [Citation(s) in RCA: 28] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/07/2018] [Revised: 05/18/2018] [Accepted: 07/01/2018] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
This work identifies the fragile-X-related protein (FXR1) as a reciprocal regulator of HuR target transcripts in vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). FXR1 was identified as an HuR-interacting protein by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). The HuR-FXR1 interaction is abrogated in RNase-treated extracts, indicating that their association is tethered by mRNAs. FXR1 expression is induced in diseased but not normal arteries. siRNA knockdown of FXR1 increases the abundance and stability of inflammatory mRNAs, while overexpression of FXR1 reduces their abundance and stability. Conditioned media from FXR1 siRNA-treated VSMCs enhance activation of naive VSMCs. RNA EMSA and RIP demonstrate that FXR1 interacts with an ARE and an element in the 3' UTR of TNFα. FXR1 expression is increased in VSMCs challenged with the anti-inflammatory cytokine IL-19, and FXR1 is required for IL-19 reduction of HuR. This suggests that FXR1 is an anti-inflammation responsive, HuR counter-regulatory protein that reduces abundance of pro-inflammatory transcripts.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Allison B Herman
- Department of Physiology, Independence Blue Cross Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Christine N Vrakas
- Department of Physiology, Independence Blue Cross Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Mitali Ray
- Department of Physiology, Independence Blue Cross Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Sheri E Kelemen
- Department of Physiology, Independence Blue Cross Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Michael J Sweredoski
- Proteome Exploration Laboratory, Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Annie Moradian
- Proteome Exploration Laboratory, Beckman Institute, California Institute of Technology, Pasadena, CA 91125, USA
| | - Dale S Haines
- Fels Institute for Cancer Research and Molecular Biology, Lewis Katz School of Medicine at Temple University Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA
| | - Michael V Autieri
- Department of Physiology, Independence Blue Cross Cardiovascular Research Center, Temple University School of Medicine, Philadelphia, PA 19140, USA.
| |
Collapse
|
14
|
Battu S, Afroz S, Giddaluru J, Naz S, Huang W, Khumukcham SS, Khan RA, Bhat SY, Qureshi IA, Manavathi B, Khan AA, August A, Hasnain SE, Khan N. Amino acid starvation sensing dampens IL-1β production by activating riboclustering and autophagy. PLoS Biol 2018; 16:e2005317. [PMID: 29621237 PMCID: PMC5903674 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pbio.2005317] [Citation(s) in RCA: 29] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/09/2018] [Revised: 04/17/2018] [Accepted: 03/05/2018] [Indexed: 11/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Activation of the amino acid starvation response (AAR) increases lifespan and acute stress resistance as well as regulates inflammation. However, the underlying mechanisms remain unclear. Here, we show that activation of AAR pharmacologically by Halofuginone (HF) significantly inhibits production of the proinflammatory cytokine interleukin 1β (IL-1β) and provides protection from intestinal inflammation in mice. HF inhibits IL-1β through general control nonderepressible 2 kinase (GCN2)–dependent activation of the cytoprotective integrated stress response (ISR) pathway, resulting in rerouting of IL-1β mRNA from translationally active polysomes to inactive ribocluster complexes—such as stress granules (SGs)—via recruitment of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) T cell–restricted intracellular antigen-1(TIA-1)/TIA-1–related (TIAR), which are further cleared through induction of autophagy. GCN2 ablation resulted in reduced autophagy and SG formation, which is inversely correlated with IL-1β production. Furthermore, HF diminishes inflammasome activation through suppression of reactive oxygen species (ROS) production. Our study unveils a novel mechanism by which IL-1β is regulated by AAR and further suggests that administration of HF might offer an effective therapeutic intervention against inflammatory diseases. Reduced intake of food (also known as dietary restriction) without malnutrition has been shown to benefit health in humans and animals, including an increase in life expectancy, metabolic fitness, and resistance to acute stress. Recent studies have attributed the benefits associated with dietary restriction to the reduced intake of amino acids. However, the underlying mechanisms through which amino acid restriction regulates various homeostatic processes are poorly defined. Here, we show that activation of amino acid starvation response (AAR) by the small molecule Halofuginone (HF) results in a significant inhibition of production of interleukin 1β (IL-1β), a proinflammatory mediator. We find that AAR provides protection from intestinal inflammation–associated pathology in a mouse model of colitis through a novel mechanism involving the formation of riboclusters (groups of RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) and stalled mRNA complexes) and autophagy. We further show that HF-mediated inhibition in IL-1β production is dependent on general control nonderepressible 2 kinase (GCN2), an amino acid deprivation sensor. This study provides the mechanisms regulating AAR-induced benefits in the context of inflammation and further suggests that the administration of HF might offer an effective therapeutic intervention against inflammatory diseases in mammals.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Srikanth Battu
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Sumbul Afroz
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Jeevan Giddaluru
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Saima Naz
- Centre for Liver Research and Diagnostics, Central Laboratory for Stem Cell Research and Translational Medicine, Deccan College of Medical Sciences, Kanchanbagh, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Weishan Huang
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | | | - Rafiq Ahmad Khan
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Saleem Yousuf Bhat
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Insaf Ahmed Qureshi
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Bramanandam Manavathi
- Department of Biochemistry, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Aleem Ahmed Khan
- Centre for Liver Research and Diagnostics, Central Laboratory for Stem Cell Research and Translational Medicine, Deccan College of Medical Sciences, Kanchanbagh, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Avery August
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University, Ithaca, New York, United States of America
| | - Seyed Ehtesham Hasnain
- JH-Institute of Molecular Medicine, Jamia Hamdard University, Hamdard Nagar, New Delhi, India
- Molecular Infection and Functional Biology Laboratory, Kusuma School of Biological Sciences, Indian Institute of Technology, New Delhi, India
- Dr Reddy’s Institute of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad Campus, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
| | - Nooruddin Khan
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad, Hyderabad, Telangana, India
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
15
|
Ezegbunam W, Foronjy R. Posttranscriptional control of airway inflammation. WILEY INTERDISCIPLINARY REVIEWS-RNA 2017; 9. [PMID: 29071794 DOI: 10.1002/wrna.1455] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/12/2017] [Revised: 09/07/2017] [Accepted: 09/08/2017] [Indexed: 12/18/2022]
Abstract
Acute inflammation in the lungs is a vital protective response, efficiently and swiftly eliminating inciters of tissue injury. However, in respiratory diseases characterized by chronic inflammation, such as chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and asthma, enhanced expression of inflammatory mediators leads to tissue damage and impaired lung function. Although transcription is an essential first step in the induction of proinflammatory genes, tight regulation of inflammation requires more rapid, flexible responses. Increasing evidence shows that such responses are achieved by posttranscriptional mechanisms directly affecting mRNA stability and translation initiation. RNA-binding proteins, microRNAs, and long noncoding RNAs interact with messenger RNA and each other to impact the stability and/or translation of mRNAs implicated in lung inflammation. Recent research has shown that these biological processes play a central role in the pathogenesis of several important pulmonary conditions. This review will highlight several posttranscriptional control mechanisms that influence lung inflammation and the known associations of derangements in these mechanisms with common respiratory diseases. WIREs RNA 2018, 9:e1455. doi: 10.1002/wrna.1455 This article is categorized under: RNA in Disease and Development > RNA in Disease RNA Structure and Dynamics > Influence of RNA Structure in Biological Systems RNA Interactions with Proteins and Other Molecules > Protein-RNA Interactions: Functional Implications RNA Turnover and Surveillance > Regulation of RNA Stability.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Wendy Ezegbunam
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine and Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| | - Robert Foronjy
- Division of Pulmonary and Critical Care Medicine, Department of Medicine and Cell Biology, SUNY Downstate Medical Center, Brooklyn, NY, USA
| |
Collapse
|
16
|
Oral fibroblasts modulate the macrophage response to bacterial challenge. Sci Rep 2017; 7:11516. [PMID: 28912533 PMCID: PMC5599598 DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-11771-3] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/05/2016] [Accepted: 08/30/2017] [Indexed: 02/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Tissue damage in chronic periodontal disease is driven by the host response to a dysbiotic microbiota, and not by bacteria directly. Among chronic inflammatory diseases of the oral cavity, inflammation and tissue damage around dental implants (peri-implantitis) is emerging as a major clinical challenge, since it is more severe and less responsive to treatment compared to inflammation around natural teeth. We tested whether oral fibroblasts from the periodontal ligament (PDLF), which are present around natural teeth but not around dental implants, actively regulate inflammatory responses to bacterial stimulation. We show that human PDLF down-regulate TNF-α post-transcriptionally in macrophages stimulated with the oral pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis. Cell contact and secretion of IL-6 and IL-10 contribute to the modulation of inflammatory cytokine production. Although fibroblasts decreased TNF-α secretion, they enhanced the ability of macrophages to phagocytose bacteria. Surprisingly, donor matched oral fibroblasts from gingival tissues, or fibroblasts from peri-implant inflamed tissues were at least as active as PDLF in regulating macrophage responses to bacteria. In addition, priming fibroblasts with inflammatory mediators enhanced PDLF regulatory activity. A further understanding of the spectrum of fibroblast activities in inflammatory lesions is important in order to design ways to control inflammatory tissue damage.
Collapse
|
17
|
Lang M, Berry D, Passecker K, Mesteri I, Bhuju S, Ebner F, Sedlyarov V, Evstatiev R, Dammann K, Loy A, Kuzyk O, Kovarik P, Khare V, Beibel M, Roma G, Meisner-Kober N, Gasche C. HuR Small-Molecule Inhibitor Elicits Differential Effects in Adenomatosis Polyposis and Colorectal Carcinogenesis. Cancer Res 2017; 77:2424-2438. [PMID: 28428272 PMCID: PMC5826591 DOI: 10.1158/0008-5472.can-15-1726] [Citation(s) in RCA: 67] [Impact Index Per Article: 9.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/01/2015] [Revised: 07/30/2015] [Accepted: 02/02/2017] [Indexed: 12/19/2022]
Abstract
HuR is an RNA-binding protein implicated in immune homeostasis and various cancers, including colorectal cancer. HuR binding to AU-rich elements within the 3' untranslated region of mRNAs encoding oncogenes, growth factors, and various cytokines leads message stability and translation. In this study, we evaluated HuR as a small-molecule target for preventing colorectal cancer in high-risk groups such as those with familial adenomatosis polyposis (FAP) or inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). In human specimens, levels of cytoplasmic HuR were increased in colonic epithelial cells from patients with IBD, IBD-cancer, FAP-adenoma, and colorectal cancer, but not in patients with IBD-dysplasia. Intraperitoneal injection of the HuR small-molecule inhibitor MS-444 in AOM/DSS mice, a model of IBD and inflammatory colon cancer, augmented DSS-induced weight loss and increased tumor multiplicity, size, and invasiveness. MS-444 treatment also abrogated tumor cell apoptosis and depleted tumor-associated eosinophils, accompanied by a decrease in IL18 and eotaxin-1. In contrast, HuR inhibition in APCMin mice, a model of FAP and colon cancer, diminished the number of small intestinal tumors generated. In this setting, fecal microbiota, evaluated by 16S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing, shifted to a state of reduced bacterial diversity, with an increased representation of Prevotella, Akkermansia, and Lachnospiraceae Taken together, our results indicate that HuR activation is an early event in FAP-adenoma but is not present in IBD-dysplasia. Furthermore, our results offer a preclinical proof of concept for HuR inhibition as an effective means of FAP chemoprevention, with caution advised in the setting of IBD. Cancer Res; 77(9); 2424-38. ©2017 AACR.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Michaela Lang
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Chemoprevention, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine 3, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - David Berry
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Vienna Ecology Center, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Katharina Passecker
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Chemoprevention, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine 3, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Ildiko Mesteri
- Clinical Institute of Pathology, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Sabin Bhuju
- Genome Analytics, Helmholtz Centre for Infection Research, Braunschweig, Germany
| | - Florian Ebner
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Center for Molecular Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vitaly Sedlyarov
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Center for Molecular Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Rayko Evstatiev
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Chemoprevention, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine 3, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Kyle Dammann
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Chemoprevention, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine 3, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Alexander Loy
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Vienna Ecology Center, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Orest Kuzyk
- Department of Microbial Ecology, Vienna Ecology Center, Faculty of Life Sciences, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Pavel Kovarik
- Max F. Perutz Laboratories, Center for Molecular Biology, University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Vineeta Khare
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Chemoprevention, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine 3, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria
| | - Martin Beibel
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
| | - Guglielmo Roma
- Novartis Institutes for Biomedical Research, Basel, Switzerland
- Department of Biology, University of Naples Federico II, Complesso Universitario MSA, Naples, Italy
| | | | - Christoph Gasche
- Christian Doppler Laboratory for Molecular Cancer Chemoprevention, Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Department of Medicine 3, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria.
| |
Collapse
|
18
|
Maeda K, Akira S. Regulation of mRNA stability by CCCH-type zinc-finger proteins in immune cells. Int Immunol 2017; 29:149-155. [PMID: 28369485 PMCID: PMC5890888 DOI: 10.1093/intimm/dxx015] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/16/2017] [Accepted: 03/24/2017] [Indexed: 12/28/2022] Open
Abstract
Current studies using knockout mice have revealed that some Cys-Cys-Cys-His (CCCH)-type zinc-finger proteins, namely tristetraprolin (TTP), Roquin and Regnase-1, play important roles in the immune system. These proteins are closely associated with the fate of their target RNAs in normal immune responses. However, the functions of many RNA-binding proteins have not been characterized precisely. To understand the molecular mechanisms of RNA metabolism in the immune system, investigation of TTP/Roquin/Regnase-1 might provide new knowledge. In this review, we will discuss the current understanding of these proteins in immune regulation and homeostasis and discuss RNA metabolism in the immune system.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kazuhiko Maeda
- Laboratory of Host Defense, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC) and
- Department of Host Defense, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases (RIMD), Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| | - Shizuo Akira
- Laboratory of Host Defense, WPI Immunology Frontier Research Center (IFReC) and
- Department of Host Defense, Research Institute for Microbial Diseases (RIMD), Osaka University, 3-1 Yamada-oka, Suita, Osaka 565-0871, Japan
| |
Collapse
|
19
|
Haneklaus M, O'Neil JD, Clark AR, Masters SL, O'Neill LAJ. The RNA-binding protein Tristetraprolin (TTP) is a critical negative regulator of the NLRP3 inflammasome. J Biol Chem 2017; 292:6869-6881. [PMID: 28302726 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m116.772947] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 5.7] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2016] [Revised: 02/24/2017] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The NLRP3 inflammasome is a central regulator of inflammation in many common diseases, including atherosclerosis and type 2 diabetes, driving the production of pro-inflammatory mediators such as IL-1β and IL-18. Due to its function as an inflammatory gatekeeper, expression and activation of NLRP3 need to be tightly regulated. In this study, we highlight novel post-transcriptional mechanisms that can modulate NLRP3 expression. We have identified the RNA-binding protein Tristetraprolin (TTP) as a negative regulator of NLRP3 in human macrophages. TTP targets AU-rich elements in the NLRP3 3'-untranslated region (UTR) and represses NLRP3 expression. Knocking down TTP in primary macrophages leads to an increased induction of NLRP3 by LPS, which is also accompanied by increased Caspase-1 and IL-1β cleavage upon NLRP3, but not AIM2 or NLRC4 inflammasome activation. Furthermore, we found that human NLRP3 can be alternatively polyadenylated, producing a short 3'-UTR isoform that excludes regulatory elements, including the TTP- and miRNA-223-binding sites. Because TTP also represses IL-1β expression, it is a dual inhibitor of the IL-1β system, regulating expression of the cytokine and the upstream controller NLRP3.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Moritz Haneklaus
- From the School of Biochemistry & Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland
| | - John D O'Neil
- the Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom, and
| | - Andrew R Clark
- the Institute of Inflammation and Ageing, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, United Kingdom, and
| | - Seth L Masters
- the Inflammation Division, The Walter and Eliza Hall Institute, Melbourne, Victoria 3052, Australia
| | - Luke A J O'Neill
- From the School of Biochemistry & Immunology, Trinity Biomedical Sciences Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin 2, Ireland,
| |
Collapse
|
20
|
Hadadi E, Zhang B, Baidžajevas K, Yusof N, Puan KJ, Ong SM, Yeap WH, Rotzschke O, Kiss-Toth E, Wilson H, Wong SC. Differential IL-1β secretion by monocyte subsets is regulated by Hsp27 through modulating mRNA stability. Sci Rep 2016; 6:39035. [PMID: 27976724 PMCID: PMC5157043 DOI: 10.1038/srep39035] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2016] [Accepted: 11/16/2016] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Monocytes play a central role in regulating inflammation in response to infection or injury, and during auto-inflammatory diseases. Human blood contains classical, intermediate and non-classical monocyte subsets that each express characteristic patterns of cell surface CD16 and CD14; each subset also has specific functional properties, but the mechanisms underlying many of their distinctive features are undefined. Of particular interest is how monocyte subsets regulate secretion of the apical pro-inflammatory cytokine IL-1β, which is central to the initiation of immune responses but is also implicated in the pathology of various auto-immune/auto-inflammatory conditions. Here we show that primary human non-classical monocytes, exposed to LPS or LPS + BzATP (3'-O-(4-benzoyl)benzyl-ATP, a P2X7R agonist), produce approx. 80% less IL-1β than intermediate or classical monocytes. Despite their low CD14 expression, LPS-sensing, caspase-1 activation and P2X7R activity were comparable in non-classical monocytes to other subsets: their diminished ability to produce IL-1β instead arose from 50% increased IL-1β mRNA decay rates, mediated by Hsp27. These findings identify the Hsp27 pathway as a novel therapeutic target for the management of conditions featuring dysregulated IL-1β production, and represent an advancement in understanding of both physiological inflammatory responses and the pathogenesis of inflammatory diseases involving monocyte-derived IL-1β.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Eva Hadadi
- University of Sheffield, Dept of Infection, Immunity &Cardiovascular Disease (IICD), Sheffield, UK.,Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore
| | - Biyan Zhang
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore
| | - Kajus Baidžajevas
- University of Sheffield, Dept of Infection, Immunity &Cardiovascular Disease (IICD), Sheffield, UK
| | - Nurhashikin Yusof
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore
| | - Kia Joo Puan
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore
| | - Siew Min Ong
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore
| | - Wei Hseun Yeap
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore
| | - Olaf Rotzschke
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore
| | - Endre Kiss-Toth
- University of Sheffield, Dept of Infection, Immunity &Cardiovascular Disease (IICD), Sheffield, UK
| | - Heather Wilson
- University of Sheffield, Dept of Infection, Immunity &Cardiovascular Disease (IICD), Sheffield, UK
| | - Siew Cheng Wong
- Singapore Immunology Network (SIgN), Agency for Science, Technology and Research (ASTAR), Singapore
| |
Collapse
|
21
|
Monosodium urate crystal-induced pro-interleukin-1β production is post-transcriptionally regulated via the p38 signaling pathway in human monocytes. Sci Rep 2016; 6:34533. [PMID: 27694988 PMCID: PMC5046103 DOI: 10.1038/srep34533] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/14/2016] [Accepted: 09/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/23/2022] Open
Abstract
IL-1β is a key mediator of sterile inflammation in response to endogenous particulates, a type of damage-associated molecular pattern (DAMPs) molecule derived from damaged cells. Despite the well-known role of sterile particulates such as monosodium urate (MSU) crystals as inflammasome inducers in monocytes/macrophages, little is known regarding how pro-IL-1β synthesis is induced under sterile inflammatory conditions. We provide evidence that MSU crystals post-transcriptionally induce the rapid production of pro-IL-1β in human primary monocytes. Metabolic labeling and pull-down assays for newly-synthesized proteins clearly showed that MSU crystals rapidly, within 30 min, induce the synthesis of pro-IL-1β as well as global proteins. Notably, MSU crystal-induced pro-IL-1β synthesis is selectively dependent on the p38 MAPK pathway, whereas global protein synthesis is mediated via the mTOR, ERK1/2, and p38 pathways. Furthermore, inhibition of Mnk1, a substrate of p38, blocked MSU crystal-induced pro-IL-1β synthesis downstream of eIF4E phosphorylation. In addition, the p38 MAPK pathway leading to phosphorylation of MK2 was also critical for stabilization of pro-IL-1β mRNA following MSU stimulation. Our findings demonstrate that post-transcriptional regulation via p38 MAPK plays a central role in the rapid synthesis of pro-IL-1β in response to MSU crystals, which is an essential step for IL-1β production in human monocytes.
Collapse
|
22
|
Ganguly K, Giddaluru J, August A, Khan N. Post-transcriptional Regulation of Immunological Responses through Riboclustering. Front Immunol 2016; 7:161. [PMID: 27199986 PMCID: PMC4850162 DOI: 10.3389/fimmu.2016.00161] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/31/2016] [Accepted: 04/15/2016] [Indexed: 12/22/2022] Open
Abstract
Immunological programing of immune cells varies in response to changing environmental signals. This process is facilitated by modifiers that regulate the translational fate of mRNAs encoding various immune mediators, including cytokines and chemokines, which in turn determine the rapid activation, tolerance, and plasticity of the immune system. RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) recruited by the specific sequence elements in mRNA transcripts are one such modifiers. These RBPs form RBP-RNA complexes known as "riboclusters." These riboclusters serve as RNA sorting machinery, where depending upon the composition of the ribocluster, translation, degradation, or storage of mRNA is controlled. Recent findings suggest that this regulation of mRNA homeostasis is critical for controlling the immune response. Here, we present the current knowledge of the ribocluster-mediated post-transcriptional regulation of immune mediators and highlight recent findings regarding their implications for the pathogenesis of acute or chronic inflammatory diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Koelina Ganguly
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad , Hyderabad , India
| | - Jeevan Giddaluru
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad , Hyderabad , India
| | - Avery August
- Department of Microbiology and Immunology, College of Veterinary Medicine, Cornell University , New York, NY , USA
| | - Nooruddin Khan
- Department of Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, School of Life Sciences, University of Hyderabad , Hyderabad , India
| |
Collapse
|
23
|
Fullerton JN, Gilroy DW. Resolution of inflammation: a new therapeutic frontier. Nat Rev Drug Discov 2016; 15:551-67. [PMID: 27020098 DOI: 10.1038/nrd.2016.39] [Citation(s) in RCA: 585] [Impact Index Per Article: 73.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
Dysregulated inflammation is a central pathological process in diverse disease states. Traditionally, therapeutic approaches have sought to modulate the pro- or anti-inflammatory limbs of inflammation, with mixed success. However, insight into the pathways by which inflammation is resolved has highlighted novel opportunities to pharmacologically manipulate these processes - a strategy that might represent a complementary (and perhaps even superior) therapeutic approach. This Review discusses the state of the art in the biology of resolution of inflammation, highlighting the opportunities and challenges for translational research in this field.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- James N Fullerton
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Division of Medicine, 5 University Street, University College London, London WC1E 6JJ, UK
| | - Derek W Gilroy
- Centre for Clinical Pharmacology and Therapeutics, Division of Medicine, 5 University Street, University College London, London WC1E 6JJ, UK
| |
Collapse
|
24
|
Horstmann JP, Marzi I, Relja B. Adrenergic stimulation alters the expression of inflammasome components and interleukins in primary human monocytes. Exp Ther Med 2015; 11:297-302. [PMID: 26889257 DOI: 10.3892/etm.2015.2850] [Citation(s) in RCA: 10] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/04/2015] [Accepted: 09/28/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Prior to their release, interleukin (IL)-1β and IL-18 are cleaved to their bioactive forms by a multiprotein complex known as an inflammasome, which is comprised of a number of elements that are subject to nuclear factor-κB-dependent transcription. Catecholamines have been indicated to exert an enhancing effect on the IL-1β release. The aim of the present study was to determine whether alterations in inflammasome gene expression may be responsible for the modified IL-1β and IL-18 secretion following lipopolysaccharide (LPS) and catecholamine co-stimulation. Monocytes were isolated from the peripheral blood of 21 healthy volunteers using CD14+ microbeads. Following stimulation with LPS (2 µg/ml) and/or phenylephrine (PE; 10 µM) for 24 h, the supernatants were subjected to ELISA to evaluate the ex vivo protein expression levels of IL-1β and IL-18. In addition, the gene expression levels of inflammasome components associated with the cleavage of IL-1β and IL-18, including NLRP1, NLRP3, caspase-1 and PYCARD were determined using polymerase chain reaction. The results indicated that LPS significantly increased IL-1β expression compared with the unstimulated control samples. Co-stimulation with LPS + PE significantly enhanced IL-1β expression compared with LPS alone. Furthermore, IL-18 expression was significantly reduced by LPS and LPS + PE co-stimulation. The gene expression levels of IL-18, NLRP1, caspase-1 and PYCARD were comparable in the LPS- and LPS + PE-stimulated cells. LPS significantly induced the expression levels of IL-1β and NLRP3, and to a lesser degree, the expression of NLRP1, compared with the control. By contrast, PE markedly induced the expression levels of IL-18 and NLRP1, while LPS reduced the gene expression of IL-18. In conclusion, adrenergic stimulation suppressed NLRP3 expression and enhanced NLRP1 expression, indicating that NLRP3 may regulate IL-1β secretion and NLRP1 may regulate the release of IL-18.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Johann-Philipp Horstmann
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University, Frankfurt 60590, Germany
| | - Ingo Marzi
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University, Frankfurt 60590, Germany
| | - Borna Relja
- Department of Trauma, Hand and Reconstructive Surgery, University Hospital Frankfurt, Goethe-University, Frankfurt 60590, Germany
| |
Collapse
|
25
|
Wang KT, Wang HH, Wu YY, Su YL, Chiang PY, Lin NY, Wang SC, Chang GD, Chang CJ. Functional regulation of Zfp36l1 and Zfp36l2 in response to lipopolysaccharide in mouse RAW264.7 macrophages. JOURNAL OF INFLAMMATION-LONDON 2015; 12:42. [PMID: 26180518 PMCID: PMC4502546 DOI: 10.1186/s12950-015-0088-x] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/21/2015] [Accepted: 06/25/2015] [Indexed: 01/07/2023]
Abstract
Background The tristetraprolin (TTP) family of mRNA-binding proteins contains three major members, Ttp, Zfp36l1, and Zfp36l2. Ttp down-regulates the stability of AU-rich element–containing mRNAs and functions as an anti-inflammation regulator. Methods To examine whether other TTP family proteins also play roles in the inflammatory response, their expression profiles and the possible mRNA targets were determined in the knockdown cells. Results Ttp mRNA and protein were highly induced by lipopolysaccharide (LPS), whereas Zfp36l1 and Zfp36l2 mRNAs were down-regulated and their proteins were phosphorylated during early lipopolysaccharide stimulation. Biochemical and functional analyses exhibited that the decrease of Zfp36l2 mRNA was cross-regulated by Ttp. Knockdown of Zfp36l1 and Zfp36l2 increased the basal level of Mkp-1 mRNAs by prolonging its half-life. Increasing the expression of Mkp-1 inhibited the activation of p38 MAPK under lipopolysaccharide stimulation and down-regulated Tnfα, and Ttp mRNA. In addition, hyper-phosphorylation of Zfp36l1 might stabilize Mkp-1 expression by forming a complex with the adapter protein 14-3-3 and decreasing the interaction with deadenylase Caf1a. Conclusions Our findings imply that the expression and phosphorylation of Zfp36l1 and Zfp36l2 may modulate the basal level of Mkp-1 mRNA to control p38 MAPK activity during lipopolysaccharide stimulation, which would affect the inflammatory mediators production. Zfp36l1 and Zfp36l2 are important regulators of the innate immune response. Electronic supplementary material The online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12950-015-0088-x) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kuan-Ting Wang
- Graduate Institute of Biochemical Sciences, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, No.1 Sec. 4 Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan
| | - Hsin-Hui Wang
- Department of Pediatrics, Division of Pediatric Immunology and Nephrology, Taipei Veterans General Hospital, No.201, Sec. 2, Shipai Road, Beitou District, Taipei, 112 Taiwan ; Department of Pediatrics, Faculty of Medicine, School of Medicine, and Institute of Emergency and Critical Care Medicine, School of Medicine, National Yang-Ming University, No.155, Sec.2, Linong Street, Beitou District, Taipei, 112 Taiwan
| | - Yan-Yun Wu
- Graduate Institute of Biochemical Sciences, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, No.1 Sec. 4 Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan
| | - Yu-Lun Su
- Graduate Institute of Biochemical Sciences, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, No.1 Sec. 4 Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan
| | - Pei-Yu Chiang
- Graduate Institute of Biochemical Sciences, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, No.1 Sec. 4 Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan
| | - Nien-Yi Lin
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No.128, Sec.2, Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan
| | - Shun-Chang Wang
- Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No.128, Sec.2, Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan
| | - Geen-Dong Chang
- Graduate Institute of Biochemical Sciences, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, No.1 Sec. 4 Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan
| | - Ching-Jin Chang
- Graduate Institute of Biochemical Sciences, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, No.1 Sec. 4 Roosevelt Road, Taipei, 10617 Taiwan ; Institute of Biological Chemistry, Academia Sinica, No.128, Sec.2, Academia Road, Nankang, Taipei, 11529 Taiwan
| |
Collapse
|
26
|
Griseri P, Pagès G. Control of pro-angiogenic cytokine mRNA half-life in cancer: the role of AU-rich elements and associated proteins. J Interferon Cytokine Res 2015; 34:242-54. [PMID: 24697202 DOI: 10.1089/jir.2013.0140] [Citation(s) in RCA: 31] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
Control of mRNA half-life plays a central role in normal development and disease. Several pathological conditions, such as inflammation and cancer, tightly correlate with deregulation in mRNA stability of pro-inflammatory genes. Among these, pro-angiogenesis cytokines, which play a crucial role in the formation of new blood vessels, normally show rapid mRNA decay patterns. The mRNA half-life of these genes appears to be regulated by mRNA-binding proteins that interact with AU-rich elements (AREs) in the 3'-untranslated region of mRNAs. Some of these RNA-binding proteins, such as tristetraprolin (TTP), ARE RNA-binding protein 1, and KH-type splicing regulatory protein, normally promote mRNA degradation. Conversely, other proteins, such as embryonic lethal abnormal vision-like protein 1 (HuR) and polyadenylate-binding protein-interacting protein 2, act as antagonists, stabilizing the mRNA. The steady state levels of mRNA-binding proteins and their relative ratio is often perturbed in human cancers and associated with invasion and aggressiveness. Compelling evidence also suggests that underexpression of TTP and overexpression of HuR may be a useful prognostic and predictive marker in breast, colon, prostate, and brain cancers, indicating a potential therapeutic approach for these tumors. In this review, we summarize the main mechanisms involved in the regulation of mRNA decay of pro-angiogenesis cytokines in different cancers and discuss the interactions between the AU-rich-binding proteins and their mRNA targets.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Paola Griseri
- 1 U.O.C Medical Genetics, Institute Giannina Gaslini , Genoa, Italy
| | | |
Collapse
|
27
|
Prabhala P, Ammit AJ. Tristetraprolin and its role in regulation of airway inflammation. Mol Pharmacol 2014; 87:629-38. [PMID: 25429052 DOI: 10.1124/mol.114.095984] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/04/2023] Open
Abstract
Chronic inflammatory diseases, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), are clinically and socioeconomically important diseases globally. Currently the mainstay of anti-inflammatory therapy in respiratory diseases is corticosteroids. Although corticosteroids have proven clinical efficacy in asthma, many asthmatic inflammatory conditions (e.g., infection, exacerbation, and severe asthma) are not responsive to corticosteroids. Moreover, despite an understanding that COPD progression is driven by inflammation, we currently do not have effective anti-inflammatory strategies to combat this disease. Hence, alternative anti-inflammatory strategies are required. p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) has emerged as an important signaling molecule driving airway inflammation, and pharmacological inhibitors against p38 MAPK may provide potential therapies for chronic respiratory disease. In this review, we discuss some of the recent in vitro and in vivo studies targeting p38 MAPK, but suggest that p38 MAPK inhibitors may prove less effective than originally considered because they may block anti-inflammatory molecules along with proinflammatory responses. We propose that an alternative strategy may be to target an anti-inflammatory molecule farther downstream of p38 MAPK, i.e., tristetraprolin (TTP). TTP is an mRNA-destabilizing, RNA-binding protein that enhances the decay of mRNAs, including those encoding proteins implicated in chronic respiratory diseases. We suggest that understanding the molecular mechanism of TTP expression and its temporal regulation will guide future development of novel anti-inflammatory pharmacotherapeutic approaches to combat respiratory disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pavan Prabhala
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| | - Alaina J Ammit
- Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Sydney, Sydney, New South Wales, Australia
| |
Collapse
|
28
|
Brennan-Laun SE, Li XL, Ezelle HJ, Venkataraman T, Blackshear PJ, Wilson GM, Hassel BA. RNase L attenuates mitogen-stimulated gene expression via transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms to limit the proliferative response. J Biol Chem 2014; 289:33629-43. [PMID: 25301952 DOI: 10.1074/jbc.m114.589556] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/06/2022] Open
Abstract
The cellular response to mitogens is tightly regulated via transcriptional and post-transcriptional mechanisms to rapidly induce genes that promote proliferation and efficiently attenuate their expression to prevent malignant growth. RNase L is an endoribonuclease that mediates diverse antiproliferative activities, and tristetraprolin (TTP) is a mitogen-induced RNA-binding protein that directs the decay of proliferation-stimulatory mRNAs. In light of their roles as endogenous proliferative constraints, we examined the mechanisms and functional interactions of RNase L and TTP to attenuate a mitogenic response. Mitogen stimulation of RNase L-deficient cells significantly increased TTP transcription and the induction of other mitogen-induced mRNAs. This regulation corresponded with elevated expression of serum-response factor (SRF), a master regulator of mitogen-induced transcription. RNase L destabilized the SRF transcript and formed a complex with SRF mRNA in cells providing a mechanism by which RNase L down-regulates SRF-induced genes. TTP and RNase L proteins interacted in cells suggesting that RNase L is directed to cleave TTP-bound RNAs as a mechanism of substrate specificity. Consistent with their concerted function in RNA turnover, the absence of either RNase L or TTP stabilized SRF mRNA, and a subset of established TTP targets was also regulated by RNase L. RNase L deficiency enhanced mitogen-induced proliferation demonstrating its functional role in limiting the mitogenic response. Our findings support a model of feedback regulation in which RNase L and TTP target SRF mRNA and SRF-induced transcripts. Accordingly, meta-analysis revealed an enrichment of RNase L and TTP targets among SRF-regulated genes suggesting that the RNase L/TTP axis represents a viable target to inhibit SRF-driven proliferation in neoplastic diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Sarah E Brennan-Laun
- From the Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, Departments of Microbiology and Immunology and
| | - Xiao-Ling Li
- the Genetics Branch, NCI, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, Maryland 20892
| | - Heather J Ezelle
- From the Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, Departments of Microbiology and Immunology and the Research Services, Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, and
| | | | - Perry J Blackshear
- the Laboratory of Signal Transduction, NIEHS, National Institutes of Health, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina 27709
| | - Gerald M Wilson
- From the Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore, Maryland 21201
| | - Bret A Hassel
- From the Marlene and Stewart Greenebaum Cancer Center, Departments of Microbiology and Immunology and the Research Services, Baltimore Veterans Affairs Medical Center, Baltimore, Maryland 21201, and
| |
Collapse
|
29
|
Burnham ME, Esnault S, Roti Roti EC, Bates ME, Bertics PJ, Denlinger LC. Cholesterol selectively regulates IL-5 induced mitogen activated protein kinase signaling in human eosinophils. PLoS One 2014; 9:e103122. [PMID: 25121926 PMCID: PMC4133209 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0103122] [Citation(s) in RCA: 9] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/02/2014] [Accepted: 06/26/2014] [Indexed: 01/21/2023] Open
Abstract
Eosinophils function contributes to human allergic and autoimmune diseases, many of which currently lack curative treatment. Development of more effective treatments for eosinophil-related diseases requires expanded understanding of eosinophil signaling and biology. Cell signaling requires integration of extracellular signals with intracellular responses, and is organized in part by cholesterol rich membrane microdomains (CRMMs), commonly referred to as lipid rafts. Formation of these organizational membrane domains is in turn dependent upon the amount of available cholesterol, which can fluctuate widely with a variety of disease states. We tested the hypothesis that manipulating membrane cholesterol content in primary human peripheral blood eosinophils (PBEos) would selectively alter signaling pathways that depend upon membrane-anchored signaling proteins localized within CRMMs (e.g., mitogen activated protein kinase [MAPK] pathway), while not affecting pathways that signal through soluble proteins, like the Janus Kinase/Signal Transducer and Activator of Transcription [JAK/STAT] pathway. Cholesterol levels were increased or decreased utilizing cholesterol-chelating methyl-β-cyclodextrin (MβCD), which can either extract membrane cholesterol or add exogenous membrane cholesterol depending on whether MβCD is preloaded with cholesterol. Human PBEos were pretreated with MβCD (cholesterol removal) or MβCD+Cholesterol (MβCD+Chol; cholesterol delivery); subsequent IL-5-stimulated signaling and physiological endpoints were assessed. MβCD reduced membrane cholesterol in PBEos, and attenuated an IL-5-stimulated p38 and extracellular-regulated kinase 1/2 phosphorylation (p-p38, p-ERK1/2), and an IL-5-dependent increase in interleukin-1β (IL-1β) mRNA levels. In contrast, MβCD+Chol treatment elevated PBEos membrane cholesterol levels and basal p-p38, but did not alter IL-5-stimulated phosphorylation of ERK1/2, STAT5, or STAT3. Furthermore, MβCD+Chol pretreatment attenuated an IL-5-induced increase in cell survival at 48 hours, measured as total cellular metabolism. The reduction in cell survival following cholesterol addition despite unaltered STAT phosphorylation contradicts the current dogma in which JAK/STAT activation is sufficient to promote eosinophil survival, and suggests an additional, unidentified mechanism critically regulates IL-5-mediated human PBEos survival.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Mandy E. Burnham
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Stephane Esnault
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Elon C. Roti Roti
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Mary E. Bates
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Paul J. Bertics
- Department of Biomolecular Chemistry, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
| | - Loren C. Denlinger
- Department of Medicine, School of Medicine and Public Health, University of Wisconsin – Madison, Madison, WI, United States of America
| |
Collapse
|
30
|
Griseri P, Pagès G. Regulation of the mRNA half-life in breast cancer. World J Clin Oncol 2014; 5:323-334. [PMID: 25114848 PMCID: PMC4127604 DOI: 10.5306/wjco.v5.i3.323] [Citation(s) in RCA: 19] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/17/2013] [Revised: 03/31/2014] [Accepted: 05/14/2014] [Indexed: 02/06/2023] Open
Abstract
The control of the half-life of mRNA plays a central role in normal development and in disease progression. Several pathological conditions, such as breast cancer, correlate with deregulation of the half-life of mRNA encoding growth factors, oncogenes, cell cycle regulators and inflammatory cytokines that participate in cancer. Substantial stability means that a mRNA will be available for translation for a longer time, resulting in high levels of protein gene products, which may lead to prolonged responses that subsequently result in over-production of cellular mediators that participate in cancer. The stability of these mRNA is regulated at the 3’UTR level by different mechanisms involving mRNA binding proteins, micro-RNA, long non-coding RNA and alternative polyadenylation. All these events are tightly inter-connected to each other and lead to steady state levels of target mRNAs. Compelling evidence also suggests that both mRNA binding proteins and regulatory RNAs which participate to mRNA half-life regulation may be useful prognostic markers in breast cancers, pointing to a potential therapeutic approach to treatment of patients with these tumors. In this review, we summarize the main mechanisms involved in the regulation of mRNA decay and discuss the possibility of its implication in breast cancer aggressiveness and the efficacy of targeted therapy.
Collapse
|
31
|
Carpenter S, Ricci EP, Mercier BC, Moore MJ, Fitzgerald KA. Post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression in innate immunity. Nat Rev Immunol 2014; 14:361-76. [PMID: 24854588 DOI: 10.1038/nri3682] [Citation(s) in RCA: 279] [Impact Index Per Article: 27.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/15/2022]
Abstract
Innate immune responses combat infectious microorganisms by inducing inflammatory responses, antimicrobial pathways and adaptive immunity. Multiple genes within each of these functional categories are coordinately and temporally regulated in response to distinct external stimuli. The substantial potential of these responses to drive pathological inflammation and tissue damage highlights the need for rigorous control of these responses. Although transcriptional control of inflammatory gene expression has been studied extensively, the importance of post-transcriptional regulation of these processes is less well defined. In this Review, we discuss the regulatory mechanisms that occur at the level of mRNA splicing, mRNA polyadenylation, mRNA stability and protein translation, and that have instrumental roles in controlling both the magnitude and duration of the inflammatory response.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Susan Carpenter
- 1] Program in Innate Immunity, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA. [2]
| | - Emiliano P Ricci
- 1] Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA. [2]
| | - Blandine C Mercier
- 1] Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA. [2]
| | - Melissa J Moore
- Howard Hughes Medical Institute, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA
| | - Katherine A Fitzgerald
- 1] Program in Innate Immunity, Division of Infectious Diseases and Immunology, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Medical School, Worcester, Massachusetts 01605, USA. [2] Centre of Molecular Inflammation Research, Department of Cancer Research and Molecular Medicine, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, 7491 Trondheim, Norway
| |
Collapse
|
32
|
Anti-inflammatory effect and mechanism of the green fruit extract of Solanum integrifolium Poir. BIOMED RESEARCH INTERNATIONAL 2014; 2014:953873. [PMID: 25133186 PMCID: PMC4123553 DOI: 10.1155/2014/953873] [Citation(s) in RCA: 5] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/13/2014] [Accepted: 07/04/2014] [Indexed: 11/18/2022]
Abstract
The green fruit of Solanum integrifolium Poir. has been used traditionally as an anti-inflammatory and analgesic remedy in Taiwanese aboriginal medicine. The goal of this study is to evaluate the anti-inflammatory activity and mechanism of the green fruit extract of S. integrifolium. A bioactivity-guided fractionation procedure was developed to identify the active partition fraction. The methanol fraction (ME), with the highest phenolic content, exhibited the strongest inhibitory effect against LPS-mediated nitric oxide (NO) release and cytotoxicity in RAW264.7 macrophages. ME also significantly downregulated the expression of LPS-induced proinflammatory genes, such as iNOS, COX-2, IL-1β, IL-6, CCL2/MCP-1, and CCL3/MIP1α. Moreover, ME significantly upregulated HO-1 expression and stimulated the activation of extracellular-signal-regulated kinase 1/2 (ERK1/2). Pretreatment of cells with the HO-1 inhibitor zinc protoporphyrin and MEK/ERK inhibitor U0126 attenuated ME's inhibitory activity against LPS-induced NO production. Taken together, this is the first study to demonstrate the anti-inflammatory activity of green fruit extract of S. integrifolium and its activity may be mediated by the upregulation of HO-1 expression and activation of ERK1/2 pathway.
Collapse
|
33
|
Minagawa K, Wakahashi K, Kawano H, Nishikawa S, Fukui C, Kawano Y, Asada N, Sato M, Sada A, Katayama Y, Matsui T. Posttranscriptional modulation of cytokine production in T cells for the regulation of excessive inflammation by TFL. THE JOURNAL OF IMMUNOLOGY 2014; 192:1512-24. [PMID: 24415781 DOI: 10.4049/jimmunol.1301619] [Citation(s) in RCA: 35] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
Abstract
Posttranscriptional machinery regulates inflammation and is associated with autoimmunity as well as tumorigenesis in collaboration with transcription factors. We previously identified the tumor suppressor gene transformed follicular lymphoma (TFL) on 6q25 in a patient with follicular lymphoma, which transformed into diffuse large B cell lymphoma. TFL families have a common RNase domain that governs macrophage-mediated inflammation. In human peripheral blood, TFL is dominantly expressed at the glycine- and tryptophan-rich cytoplasmic processing bodies of T lymphocytes, and it is persistently upregulated in activated T cells. To address its physiological role, we established TFL(-/-) mice in which TFL(-/-) lymphocytes proliferated more rapidly than TFL(+/+) upon stimulation with inappropriate cytokine secretion, including IL-2, IL-6, and IL-10. Moreover, TFL inhibited the synthesis of cytokines such as IL-2, IL-6, IL-10, TNF-α, and IL-17a by 3' untranslated region RNA degradation. Experimental autoimmune encephalitis induced in TFL(-/-) mice demonstrated persistent severe paralysis. CNS-infiltrated CD4(+) T cells in TFL(-/-) mice contained a higher proportion of Th17 cells than did those in TFL(+/+) mice during the resolution phase, and IL-17a mRNA levels were markedly increased in TFL(-/-) cells. These results suggest that TFL may play an important role in attenuating local inflammation by suppressing the infiltration of Th17 cells in the CNS during the resolution phase of experimental autoimmune encephalitis. TFL is a novel gradual and persistent posttranscriptional regulator, and the TFL-driven attenuation of excessive inflammation could contribute to recovery from T cell-mediated autoimmune diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Kentaro Minagawa
- Division of Hematology, Department of Medicine, Kobe University Graduate School of Medicine, Kobe 650-0017, Japan
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
34
|
Age and duration of inflammatory environment differentially affect the neuroimmune response and catecholaminergic neurons in the midbrain and brainstem. Neurobiol Aging 2013; 35:1065-73. [PMID: 24315728 DOI: 10.1016/j.neurobiolaging.2013.11.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 36] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2013] [Revised: 10/17/2013] [Accepted: 11/09/2013] [Indexed: 12/12/2022]
Abstract
Neuroinflammation and degeneration of ascending catecholaminergic systems occur early in the neurodegenerative process. Age and the duration of a pro-inflammatory environment induced by continuous intraventricular lipopolysaccharide (LPS) differentially affect the expression profile of pro- and anti-inflammatory genes and proteins as well as the number of activated microglia (express major histocompatibility complex II; MHC II) and the integrity and density of ascending catecholaminergic neural systems originating from the locus coeruleus (LC) and substantia nigra pars compacta (SNpc) in rats. LPS infusion increased gene expression and/or protein levels for both pro- and anti-inflammatory biomarkers. Although LPS infusion stimulated a robust increase in IL-1ß gene and protein expression, this increase was blunted with age. LPS infusion also increased the density of activated microglia cells throughout the midbrain and brainstem. Corresponding to the development of a pro-inflammatory environment, LC and SNpc neurons immunopositive for tyrosine-hydroxylase (the rate-limiting synthetic enzyme for dopamine and norepinephrine) decreased in number, along with a decrease in tyrosine-hydroxylase gene expression in the midbrain and/or brainstem region. Our data support the concept that continuous exposure to a pro-inflammatory environment drives exaggerated changes in the production and release of inflammatory mediators that interact with age to impair functional capacity of the SNpc and LC.
Collapse
|
35
|
Wang C, Luo H, Zhu L, Yang F, Chu Z, Tian H, Feng M, Zhao Y, Shang P. Microgravity inhibition of lipopolysaccharide-induced tumor necrosis factor-α expression in macrophage cells. Inflamm Res 2013; 63:91-8. [PMID: 24196691 DOI: 10.1007/s00011-013-0676-2] [Citation(s) in RCA: 23] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.1] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/28/2013] [Revised: 10/03/2013] [Accepted: 10/08/2013] [Indexed: 11/28/2022] Open
Abstract
OBJECTIVE AND DESIGN Microgravity environments in space can cause major abnormalities in human physiology, including decreased immunity. The underlying mechanisms of microgravity-induced inflammatory defects in macrophages are unclear. MATERIAL OR SUBJECTS RAW264.7 cells and primary mouse macrophages were used in the present study. Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced cytokine expression in mouse macrophages was detected under either simulated microgravity or 1g control. METHODS Freshly isolated primary mouse macrophages and RAW264.7 cells were cultured in a standard simulated microgravity situation using a rotary cell culture system (RCCS-1) and 1g control conditions. The cytokine expression was determined by real-time PCR and ELISA assays. Western blots were used to investigate the related intracellular signals. RESULTS LPS-induced tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) expression, but not interleukin-1β expression, in mouse macrophages was significantly suppressed under simulated microgravity. The molecular mechanism studies showed that LPS-induced intracellular signal transduction including phosphorylation of IKK and JNK and nuclear translocation of NF-κB in macrophages was identical under normal gravity and simulated microgravity. Furthermore, TNF-α mRNA stability did not decrease under simulated microgravity. Finally, we found that heat shock factor-1 (HSF1), a known repressor of TNF-α promoter, was markedly activated under simulated microgravity. CONCLUSIONS Short-term treatment with microgravity caused significantly decreased TNF-α production. Microgravity-activated HSF1 may contribute to the decreased TNF-α expression in macrophages directly caused by microgravity, while the LPS-induced NF-κB pathway is resistant to microgravity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Chongzhen Wang
- Transplantation Biology Research Division, State Key Laboratory of Biomembrane and Membrane Biotechnology, Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beichen West Road 1-5, Chaoyang District, Beijing, 100101, China
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
36
|
Abstract
Post-transcriptional mechanisms that modulate global and/or transcript-specific mRNA stability and translation contribute to the rapid and flexible control of gene expression in immune effector cells. These mechanisms rely on RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) that direct regulatory complexes (e.g. exosomes, deadenylases, decapping complexes, RNA-induced silencing complexes) to the 3'-untranslated regions of specific immune transcripts. Here, we review the surprising variety of post-transcriptional control mechanisms that contribute to gene expression in the immune system and discuss how defects in these pathways can contribute to autoimmune disease.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Pavel Ivanov
- Division of Rheumatology, Immunology and Allergy, Brigham and Women's Hospital, Boston, MA 02115, USA.
| | | |
Collapse
|
37
|
Abstract
Hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells with inactivated Fanconi anemia (FA) genes, FANCA and FANCC, are hypersensitive to inflammatory cytokines. One of these, tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α), is also overproduced by FA mononuclear phagocytes in response to certain Toll-like receptor (TLR) agonists, creating an autoinhibitory loop that may contribute to the pathogenesis of progressive bone marrow (BM) failure and selection of TNF-α-resistant leukemic stem cell clones. In macrophages, the TNF-α overproduction phenotype depends on p38 mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), an enzyme also known to induce expression of other inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin 1β (IL-1β). Reasoning that IL-1β might be involved in a like autoinhibitory loop, we determined that (1) TLR activation of FANCA- and FANCC-deficient macrophages induced overproduction of both TNF-α and IL-1β in a p38-dependent manner; (2) exposure of Fancc-deficient BM progenitors to IL-1β potently suppressed the expansion of multipotent progenitor cells in vitro; and (3) although TNF-α overexpression in FA cells is controlled posttranscriptionally by the p38 substrate MAPKAPK-2, p38-dependent overproduction of IL-1β is controlled transcriptionally. We suggest that multiple inflammatory cytokines overproduced by FANCA- and FANCC-deficient mononuclear phagocytes may contribute to the progressive BM failure that characterizes FA, and that to achieve suppression of this proinflammatory state, p38 is a more promising molecular therapeutic target than either IL-1β or TNF-α alone.
Collapse
|
38
|
D’Agostino VG, Adami V, Provenzani A. A novel high throughput biochemical assay to evaluate the HuR protein-RNA complex formation. PLoS One 2013; 8:e72426. [PMID: 23951323 PMCID: PMC3741180 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0072426] [Citation(s) in RCA: 48] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 04/18/2013] [Accepted: 07/10/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022] Open
Abstract
The RNA binding protein HuR/ELAVL1 binds to AU-rich elements (AREs) promoting the stabilization and translation of a number of mRNAs into the cytoplasm, dictating their fate. We applied the AlphaScreen technology using purified human HuR protein, expressed in a mammalian cell-based system, to characterize in vitro its binding performance towards a ssRNA probe whose sequence corresponds to the are present in TNFα 3’ untranslated region. We optimized the method to titrate ligands and analyzed the kinetic in saturation binding and time course experiments, including competition assays. The method revealed to be a successful tool for determination of HuR binding kinetic parameters in the nanomolar range, with calculated Kd of 2.5±0.60 nM, kon of 2.76±0.56*106 M-1 min-1, and koff of 0.007±0.005 min-1. We also tested the HuR-RNA complex formation by fluorescent probe-based RNA-EMSA. Moreover, in a 384-well plate format we obtained a Z-factor of 0.84 and an averaged coefficient of variation between controls of 8%, indicating that this biochemical assay fulfills criteria of robustness for a targeted screening approach. After a screening with 2000 small molecules and secondary verification with RNA-EMSA we identified mitoxantrone as an interfering compound with rHuR and TNFα probe complex formation. Notably, this tool has a large versatility and could be applied to other RNA Binding Proteins recognizing different RNA, DNA, or protein species. In addition, it opens new perspectives in the identification of small-molecule modulators of RNA binding proteins activity.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Vito G. D’Agostino
- Laboratory of Genomic Screening, Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Mattarello, Trento, Italy
| | - Valentina Adami
- High Throughput Screening core facility, Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Mattarello, Trento, Italy
| | - Alessandro Provenzani
- Laboratory of Genomic Screening, Centre for Integrative Biology, University of Trento, Mattarello, Trento, Italy
- * E-mail:
| |
Collapse
|
39
|
Brooks SA, Blackshear PJ. Tristetraprolin (TTP): interactions with mRNA and proteins, and current thoughts on mechanisms of action. BIOCHIMICA ET BIOPHYSICA ACTA 2013; 1829:666-79. [PMID: 23428348 PMCID: PMC3752887 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbagrm.2013.02.003] [Citation(s) in RCA: 296] [Impact Index Per Article: 26.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/24/2012] [Revised: 01/25/2013] [Accepted: 02/04/2013] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Changes in mRNA stability and translation are critical control points in the regulation of gene expression, particularly genes encoding growth factors, inflammatory mediators, and proto-oncogenes. Adenosine and uridine (AU)-rich elements (ARE), often located in the 3' untranslated regions (3'UTR) of mRNAs, are known to target transcripts for rapid decay. They are also involved in the regulation of mRNA stability and translation in response to extracellular cues. This review focuses on one of the best characterized ARE binding proteins, tristetraprolin (TTP), the founding member of a small family of CCCH tandem zinc finger proteins. In this survey, we have reviewed the current status of TTP interactions with mRNA and proteins, and discussed current thinking about TTP's mechanism of action to promote mRNA decay. We also review the proposed regulation of TTP's functions by phosphorylation. Finally, we have discussed emerging evidence for TTP operating as a translational regulator. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled: RNA Decay mechanisms.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Seth A. Brooks
- Veterans Affairs Medical Center, White River Junction, Vermont, USA
- Department of Medicine, Geisel School of Medicine at Dartmouth, Lebanon, New Hampshire, USA
| | - Perry J. Blackshear
- The Laboratory of Signal Transduction, National Institute of Environmental Health Sciences, Research Triangle Park, North Carolina, USA
- Departments of Medicine and Biochemistry, Duke University Medical Center, Durham, North Carolina USA
| |
Collapse
|
40
|
Mino T, Takeuchi O. Post-transcriptional regulation of cytokine mRNA controls the initiation and resolution of inflammation. Biotechnol Genet Eng Rev 2013; 29:49-60. [DOI: 10.1080/02648725.2013.801236] [Citation(s) in RCA: 25] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/14/2023]
|
41
|
Suswam EA, Shacka JJ, Walker K, Lu L, Li X, Si Y, Zhang X, Zheng L, Nabors LB, Cao H, King PH. Mutant tristetraprolin: a potent inhibitor of malignant glioma cell growth. J Neurooncol 2013; 113:195-205. [PMID: 23525947 DOI: 10.1007/s11060-013-1112-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/03/2013] [Accepted: 03/12/2013] [Indexed: 02/02/2023]
Abstract
Malignant gliomas rely on the production of certain critical growth factors including VEGF, interleukin (IL)-6 and IL-8, to fuel rapid tumor growth, angiogenesis, and treatment resistance. Post-transcriptional regulation through adenine and uridine-rich elements of the 3' untranslated region is one mechanism for upregulating these and other growth factors. In glioma cells, we have shown that the post-transcriptional machinery is optimized for growth factor upregulation secondary to overexpression of the mRNA stabilizer, HuR. The negative regulator, tristetraprolin (TTP), on the other hand, may be suppressed because of extensive phosphorylation. Here we test that possibility by analyzing the phenotypic effects of a mutated form of TTP (mt-TTP) in which 8 phosphoserine residues were converted to alanines. We observed a significantly enhanced negative effect on growth factor expression in glioma cells at the post-transcriptional and transcriptional levels. The protein became stabilized and displayed significantly increased antiproliferative effects compared to wild-type TTP. Macroautophagy was induced with both forms of TTP, but inhibition of autophagy did not affect cell viability. We conclude that glioma cells suppress TTP function through phosphorylation of critical serine residues which in turn contributes to growth factor upregulation and tumor progression.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Esther A Suswam
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294-3300, USA.
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
42
|
Au SH, Fobel R, Desai SP, Voldman J, Wheeler AR. Cellular bias on the microscale: probing the effects of digital microfluidic actuation on mammalian cell health, fitness and phenotype. Integr Biol (Camb) 2013; 5:1014-25. [DOI: 10.1039/c3ib40104a] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
|
43
|
Milke L, Schulz K, Weigert A, Sha W, Schmid T, Brüne B. Depletion of tristetraprolin in breast cancer cells increases interleukin-16 expression and promotes tumor infiltration with monocytes/macrophages. Carcinogenesis 2012; 34:850-7. [PMID: 23241166 DOI: 10.1093/carcin/bgs387] [Citation(s) in RCA: 41] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/13/2022] Open
Abstract
The RNA-binding protein tristetraprolin (TTP) destabilizes target messenger RNAs (mRNAs) containing AU-rich elements within their 3' untranslated region. Thereby, it controls the expression of multiple inflammatory and tumor-associated transcripts. Moreover, a loss of TTP in tumors predicts disease-associated survival. Although tumor intrinsic functions of TTP have previously been studied, the impact of TTP on the interaction of tumors with their microenvironment remains elusive. As immune cell infiltration into tumors is a critical determinant for tumor progression, this study aimed at determining the influence of tumor cell TTP on the interaction between tumor and immune cells, specifically monocytes (MO)/macrophages (MΦ). Knockdown (k/d) of TTP in T47D breast cancer cells enhanced tumor growth both in vitro and in vivo and increased infiltration of MO into 3D tumor spheroids in vitro and of MΦ into tumor xenografts in vivo. Enhanced migration of MO toward supernatants of TTP-deficient tumor spheroids was determined as the underlying principle. Interestingly, we noticed interleukin-16 (IL-16) mRNA stabilization when TTP was depleted. In line, IL-16 protein levels were elevated in TTP-deficient spheroids and their supernatants as well as in TTP k/d tumor xenografts and critically contributed to the enhanced chemotactic behavior. In summary, we show that the loss of TTP in tumors not only affects tumor cell proliferation and survival but also enhances infiltration of MO/MΦ into the tumors, which is typically associated with poor prognosis. Moreover, we identified IL-16 as a critical TTP-regulated chemotactic factor that contributes to MO/MΦ migration.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Larissa Milke
- Institute of Biochemistry I, Faculty of Medicine, Goethe University Frankfurt, Frankfurt am Main, Germany
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
44
|
Chen YL, Jiang YW, Su YL, Lee SC, Chang MS, Chang CJ. Transcriptional regulation of tristetraprolin by NF-κB signaling in LPS-stimulated macrophages. Mol Biol Rep 2012; 40:2867-77. [PMID: 23212617 DOI: 10.1007/s11033-012-2302-8] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/22/2012] [Accepted: 11/19/2012] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Affiliation(s)
- Yu-Ling Chen
- Graduate Institute of Biochemical Sciences, College of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
45
|
The impact of mRNA turnover and translation on age-related muscle loss. Ageing Res Rev 2012; 11:432-41. [PMID: 22687959 DOI: 10.1016/j.arr.2012.05.004] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 03/12/2012] [Revised: 05/25/2012] [Accepted: 05/31/2012] [Indexed: 12/21/2022]
Abstract
The deterioration of skeletal muscle that develops slowly with age, termed sarcopenia, often leads to disability and mortality in the elderly population. As the proportion of elderly citizens continues to increase due to the dramatic rise in life expectancy, there are rising concerns about the healthcare cost and social burden of caring for geriatric patients. Thus, there is a growing need to understand the underlying mechanisms of sarcopenic muscle loss so that more efficacious therapies may be developed. Building evidence suggests that the onset of age-related muscle loss is linked to the age-related changes in gene expression that occur during sarcopenia. In recent work, the posttranscriptional regulation of gene expression by RNA-binding proteins (RBPs) and microRNA (miRNA) involved in the turnover and translation of mRNA were shown as key players believed to be involved in the induction of muscle wasting. Furthermore, posttranscriptional regulation may also be linked to the reduced ability of muscle satellite cells to contribute to muscle mass during ageing, a key contributing factor to sarcopenic progression. Here we highlight how the activation of pathways such as the p38 MAPK and the phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) pathways alter the ability of RBPs to regulate the expression of their target mRNAs encoding proteins involved in cell cycle (p21 and p16), as well as myogenesis (Pax7, myogenin and MyoD). Further investigation into the role of RBPs and miRNA during sarcopenia may provide new insights into the development and progression of this disorder, which may lead to the development of new treatment options for elderly patients suffering from sarcopenia.
Collapse
|
46
|
Li X, Lin WJ, Chen CY, Si Y, Zhang X, Lu L, Suswam E, Zheng L, King PH. KSRP: a checkpoint for inflammatory cytokine production in astrocytes. Glia 2012; 60:1773-84. [PMID: 22847996 DOI: 10.1002/glia.22396] [Citation(s) in RCA: 34] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/23/2012] [Accepted: 06/29/2012] [Indexed: 11/08/2022]
Abstract
Chronic inflammation in the central nervous system (CNS) is a central feature of many neurodegenerative and autoimmune diseases. As an immunologically competent cell, the astrocyte plays an important role in CNS inflammation. It is capable of expressing a number of cytokines such as tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β) that promote inflammation directly and through the recruitment of immune cells. Checkpoints are therefore in place to keep tight control over cytokine production. Adenylate/uridylate-rich elements (ARE) in the 3' untranslated region of cytokine mRNAs serve as a major checkpoint by regulating mRNA stability and translational efficiency. Here, we examined the impact of KH-type splicing regulatory protein (KSRP), an RNA binding protein which destabilizes mRNAs via the ARE, on cytokine expression and paracrine phenotypes of primary astrocytes. We identified a network of inflammatory mediators, including TNF-α and IL-1β, whose expression increased 2 to 4-fold at the RNA level in astrocytes isolated from KSRP(-/-) mice compared to littermate controls. Upon activation, KSRP(-/-) astrocytes produced TNF-α and IL-1β at levels that exceeded control cells by 15-fold or more. Conditioned media from KSRP(-/-) astrocytes induced chemotaxis and neuronal cell death in vitro. Surprisingly, we observed a prolongation of half-life in only a subset of mRNA targets and only after selective astrocyte activation. Luciferase reporter studies indicated that KSRP regulates cytokine gene expression at both transcriptional and post-transcriptional levels. Our results outline a critical role for KSRP in regulating pro-inflammatory mediators and have implications for a wide range of CNS inflammatory and autoimmune diseases.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Xuelin Li
- Department of Neurology, University of Alabama, Birmingham, Alabama 35233-0017, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
47
|
Tristetraprolin inhibits poly(A)-tail synthesis in nuclear mRNA that contains AU-rich elements by interacting with poly(A)-binding protein nuclear 1. PLoS One 2012; 7:e41313. [PMID: 22844456 PMCID: PMC3406032 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0041313] [Citation(s) in RCA: 18] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/23/2011] [Accepted: 06/22/2012] [Indexed: 12/24/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Tristetraprolin binds mRNA AU-rich elements and thereby facilitates the destabilization of mature mRNA in the cytosol. Methodology/Principal Findings To understand how tristetraprolin mechanistically functions, we biopanned with a phage-display library for proteins that interact with tristetraprolin and retrieved, among others, a fragment of poly(A)-binding protein nuclear 1, which assists in the 3'-polyadenylation of mRNA by binding to immature poly(A) tails and thereby increases the activity of poly(A) polymerase, which is directly responsible for polyadenylation. The tristetraprolin/poly(A)-binding protein nuclear 1 interaction was characterized using tristetraprolin and poly(A)-binding protein nuclear 1 deletion mutants in pull-down and co-immunoprecipitation assays. Tristetraprolin interacted with the carboxyl-terminal region of poly(A)-binding protein nuclear 1 via its tandem zinc finger domain and another region. Although tristetraprolin and poly(A)-binding protein nuclear 1 are located in both the cytoplasm and the nucleus, they interacted in vivo in only the nucleus. In vitro, tristetraprolin bound both poly(A)-binding protein nuclear 1 and poly(A) polymerase and thereby inhibited polyadenylation of AU-rich element–containing mRNAs encoding tumor necrosis factor α, GM-CSF, and interleukin-10. A tandem zinc finger domain–deleted tristetraprolin mutant was a less effective inhibitor. Expression of a tristetraprolin mutant restricted to the nucleus resulted in downregulation of an AU-rich element–containing tumor necrosis factor α/luciferase mRNA construct. Conclusion/Significance In addition to its known cytosolic mRNA–degrading function, tristetraprolin inhibits poly(A) tail synthesis by interacting with poly(A)-binding protein nuclear 1 in the nucleus to regulate expression of AU-rich element–containing mRNA.
Collapse
|
48
|
Yeh PA, Yang WH, Chiang PY, Wang SC, Chang MS, Chang CJ. Drosophila eyes absent is a novel mRNA target of the tristetraprolin (TTP) protein DTIS11. Int J Biol Sci 2012; 8:606-19. [PMID: 22553461 PMCID: PMC3341602 DOI: 10.7150/ijbs.3782] [Citation(s) in RCA: 7] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/10/2011] [Accepted: 04/12/2012] [Indexed: 11/05/2022] Open
Abstract
The Tristetraprolin (TTP) protein family includes four mammalian members (TTP, TIS11b, TIS11d, and ZFP36L3), but only one in Drosophila melanogaster (DTIS11). These proteins bind target mRNAs with AU-rich elements (AREs) via two C3H zinc finger domains and destabilize the mRNAs. We found that overexpression of mouse TIS11b or DTIS11 in the Drosophila retina dramatically reduced eye size, similar to the phenotype of eyes absent (eya) mutants. The eya transcript is one of many ARE-containing mRNAs in Drosophila. We showed that TIS11b reduced levels of eya mRNA in vivo. In addition, overexpression of Eya rescued the TIS11b overexpression phenotype. RNA pull-down and luciferase reporter analyses demonstrated that the DTIS11 RNA-binding domain is required for DTIS11 to bind the eya 3' UTR and reduce levels of eya mRNA. Moreover, ectopic expression of DTIS11 in Drosophila S2 cells decreased levels of eya mRNA and reduced cell viability. Consistent with these results, TTP proteins overexpressed in MCF7 human breast cancer cells were associated with eya homologue 2 (EYA2) mRNA, and caused a decrease in EYA2 mRNA stability and cell viability. Our results suggest that eya mRNA is a target of TTP proteins, and that downregulation of EYA by TTP may lead to reduced cell viability in Drosophila and human cells.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Po-An Yeh
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, 128 Academia Road Sec 2, Nankang, Taipei 115, Taiwan
| | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
49
|
Johnsen IB, Nguyen TT, Bergstrøm B, Lien E, Anthonsen MW. Toll-like receptor 3-elicited MAPK activation induces stabilization of interferon-β mRNA. Cytokine 2011; 57:337-46. [PMID: 22200507 DOI: 10.1016/j.cyto.2011.11.024] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/30/2011] [Revised: 11/29/2011] [Accepted: 11/30/2011] [Indexed: 01/18/2023]
Abstract
Prolonged release of cytokines after activation of the innate immune system may lead to systemic infection and inflammatory diseases. Many cytokines with short half-lives contain adenine- and uridine-rich elements (AREs) in their 3'-untranslated region (UTR), which mediate mRNA destabilization. The Toll-like receptors (TLRs) TLR3 and TLR4 induce immune responses via the adaptor proteins TRIF or TRIF and MyD88, respectively, leading to IFN-β production. The 3'-UTR of IFN-β mRNA contains an ARE sequence. We demonstrate that the TLR3 ligand dsRNA and the TLR4 ligand LPS induce stabilization of IFN-β mRNA transcripts in monocyte-derived dendritic cells. In cells from TRIF(-/-) and MyD88(-/-) mice we found that dsRNA-induced stabilization of IFN-β mRNA is TRIF-dependent. MAPK-activated protein 2 (MK2) has previously been found to regulate mRNA stabilization. We show that dsRNA elicits increased MK2 activation, mediated by TRIF and p38 MAPK. Chemical inhibition of p38 and MK2, and siRNA knockdown of MK2 relieved dsRNA-triggered prolongation of IFN-β mRNA half-life. Taken together, these results suggest that TLR3 induces signaling mechanisms involving TRIF, p38 MAPK and MK2 to enhance stabilization of IFN-β mRNA contributing to enhanced IFN-β levels during pathogen infections.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Ingvild Bjellmo Johnsen
- Department of Laboratory Medicine, Children's and Women's Health, Norwegian University of Science and Technology, Trondheim N-7006, Norway.
| | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|
50
|
Olivera A, Moore TW, Hu F, Brown AP, Sun A, Liotta DC, Snyder JP, Yoon Y, Shim H, Marcus AI, Miller AH, Pace TWW. Inhibition of the NF-κB signaling pathway by the curcumin analog, 3,5-Bis(2-pyridinylmethylidene)-4-piperidone (EF31): anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties. Int Immunopharmacol 2011; 12:368-77. [PMID: 22197802 DOI: 10.1016/j.intimp.2011.12.009] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 11.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/19/2011] [Revised: 12/05/2011] [Accepted: 12/08/2011] [Indexed: 12/14/2022]
Abstract
Nuclear factor kappa B (NF-κB) is a key signaling molecule in the elaboration of the inflammatory response. Data indicate that curcumin, a natural ingredient of the curry spice turmeric, acts as a NF-κB inhibitor and exhibits both anti-inflammatory and anti-cancer properties. Curcumin analogs with enhanced activity on NF-κB and other inflammatory signaling pathways have been developed including the synthetic monoketone compound 3,5-Bis(2-fluorobenzylidene)-4-piperidone (EF24). 3,5-Bis(2-pyridinylmethylidene)-4-piperidone (EF31) is a structurally-related curcumin analog whose potency for NF-κB inhibition has yet to be determined. To examine the activity of EF31 compared to EF24 and curcumin, mouse RAW264.7 macrophages were treated with EF31, EF24, curcumin (1-100 μM) or vehicle (DMSO 1%) for 1h. NF-κB pathway activity was assessed following treatment with lipopolysaccharide (LPS) (1 μg/mL). EF31 (IC(50)~5 μM) exhibited significantly more potent inhibition of LPS-induced NF-κB DNA binding compared to both EF24 (IC(50)~35 μM) and curcumin (IC(50) >50 μM). In addition, EF31 exhibited greater inhibition of NF-κB nuclear translocation as well as the induction of downstream inflammatory mediators including pro-inflammatory cytokine mRNA and protein (tumor necrosis factor-α, interleukin-1β, and interleukin-6). Regarding the mechanism of these effects on NF-κB, EF31 (IC(50)~1.92 μM) exhibited significantly greater inhibition of IκB kinase β compared to EF24 (IC(50)~131 μM). Finally, EF31 demonstrated potent toxicity in NF-κB-dependent cancer cell lines while having minimal and reversible toxicity in RAW264.7 macrophages. These data indicate that EF31 is a more potent inhibitor of NF-κB activity than either EF24 or curcumin while exhibiting both anti-inflammatory and anticancer activities. Thus, EF31 represents a promising curcumin analog for further therapeutic development.
Collapse
Affiliation(s)
- Anlys Olivera
- Department of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, Emory University, 1365-B Clifton Road, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA
| | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | | |
Collapse
|