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Hu Z, Chen L, Zhao J, Zhang W, Jin Z, Sun Y, Li Z, Chang B, Shen P, Yang Y. Lipoxin A 4 ameliorates knee osteoarthritis progression in rats by antagonizing ferroptosis through activation of the ESR2/LPAR3/Nrf2 axis in synovial fibroblast-like synoviocytes. Redox Biol 2024; 73:103143. [PMID: 38754271 PMCID: PMC11126537 DOI: 10.1016/j.redox.2024.103143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 01/14/2024] [Revised: 03/02/2024] [Accepted: 03/29/2024] [Indexed: 05/18/2024] Open
Abstract
BACKGROUND Our previous studies have shown that lipoxin A4 (LXA4) can serve as a potential biomarker for assessing the efficacy of exercise therapy in knee osteoarthritis (KOA), and fibroblast-like synoviocytes (FLSs) may play a crucial role in KOA pain as well as in the progression of the pathology. OBJECTIVE By analyzing the GSE29746 dataset and collecting synovial samples from patients with different Kellgren-Lawrence (KL) grades for validation, we focused on exploring the potential effect of LXA4 on ferroptosis in FLSs through the ESR2/LPAR3/Nrf2 axis to alleviate pain and pathological advancement in KOA. METHODS The association between FLSs ferroptosis and chondrocyte matrix degradation was explored by cell co-culture. We overexpressed and knocked down LPAR3 in vitro to explore its potential mechanism in FLSs. A rat model of monosodium iodoacetate (MIA)-induced KOA was constructed and intervened with moderate-intensity treadmill exercise and intraperitoneal injection of PHTPP to investigate the effects of the LXA4 intracellular receptor ESR2 on exercise therapy. RESULTS ESR2, LPAR3, and GPX4 levels in the synovium decreased with increasing KL grade. After LXA4 intervention in the co-culture system, GPX4, LPAR3, and ESR2 were upregulated in FLSs, collagen II was upregulated in chondrocytes, and MMP3 and ADAM9 were downregulated. LPAR3 overexpression upregulated the expression of GPX4, Nrf2, and SOD1 in FLSs, while downregulating the expression of MMP13 and MMP3; LPAR3 knockdown reversed these changes. Moderate-intensity platform training improved the behavioral manifestations of pain in KOA rats, whereas PHTPP treatment partially reversed the improvement in synovial and cartilage pathologies induced by platform training. CONCLUSION LXA4 inhibited FLSs ferroptosis by activating the ESR2/LPAR3/Nrf2 axis, thereby alleviating the pain and pathological progression of KOA. This study brings a new target for the treatment of KOA and also leads to a deeper understanding of the potential mechanisms of exercise therapy for KOA.
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Affiliation(s)
- Zhehan Hu
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, ShenYang, Liaoning, China
| | - Liang Chen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, ShenYang, Liaoning, China
| | - Jihui Zhao
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, ShenYang, Liaoning, China
| | - Weiming Zhang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, ShenYang, Liaoning, China
| | - Zhuangzhuang Jin
- Department of Emergency Medicine, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, ShenYang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yuhan Sun
- China Medical University, ShenYang, Liaoning, China
| | - Zihan Li
- China Medical University, ShenYang, Liaoning, China
| | - Bohan Chang
- Department of Rheumatology, The First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University, Shenyang, Liaoning, China
| | - Peng Shen
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, ShenYang, Liaoning, China
| | - Yue Yang
- Department of Orthopedic Surgery, Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University, ShenYang, Liaoning, China.
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Yokoyama H, Tateishi K, Baba Y, Kobayashi A, Hashimoto M, Fukuda S, Yamao H, Maruyama T, Nakata M, Matsushita M. Thrombin cleaves recombinant soluble thrombomodulin into a lectin-like domain fragment and a fragment with protein C-activating cofactor activity. Biosci Trends 2022; 16:444-446. [PMID: 36450579 DOI: 10.5582/bst.2022.01472] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/30/2022]
Abstract
Thrombomodulin (TM) is a transmembrane protein that plays an important role in regulating the coagulation system by acting as a cofactor for thrombin in protein C activation. Additionally, TM is involved in inflammation. Previous studies have shown that soluble fragments of TM of varying sizes, which are derived from membrane-bound TM, are present in plasma and urine. Soluble fragments of TM are speculated to exhibit biological activity. Among these, a lectin-like domain fragment (TMD1) is of particular importance. Recombinant TMD1 has previously been shown to attenuate lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammation. Here, we report that thrombin cleaves recombinant soluble TM, which is used for the treatment of disseminated intravascular coagulation associated with sepsis, into TMD1 and a fragment comprising the C-terminal portion of TM (TMD23), the latter of which retains the cofactor activity for activating protein C. Our findings suggest that thrombin not only activates protein C on membrane-bound TM but may also cleave TM to generate TMD1.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hirota Yokoyama
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Tokai University, Hiratsuka, Japan
| | - Koichiro Tateishi
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Tokai University, Hiratsuka, Japan
| | - Yurie Baba
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Tokai University, Hiratsuka, Japan
| | - Akina Kobayashi
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Tokai University, Hiratsuka, Japan
| | - Manami Hashimoto
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Tokai University, Hiratsuka, Japan
| | - Shion Fukuda
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Tokai University, Hiratsuka, Japan
| | - Hinano Yamao
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Tokai University, Hiratsuka, Japan
| | - Taiga Maruyama
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Tokai University, Hiratsuka, Japan
| | - Munehiro Nakata
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Tokai University, Hiratsuka, Japan
| | - Misao Matsushita
- Department of Applied Biochemistry, Tokai University, Hiratsuka, Japan
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Kalamatianos T, Drosos E, Magkrioti C, Nikitopoulou I, Koutsarnakis C, Kotanidou A, Paraskevas GP, Aidinis V, Stranjalis G. Autotaxin Activity in Chronic Subdural Hematoma: A Prospective Clinical Study. Diagnostics (Basel) 2022; 12:diagnostics12081865. [PMID: 36010216 PMCID: PMC9406550 DOI: 10.3390/diagnostics12081865] [Citation(s) in RCA: 0] [Impact Index Per Article: 0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/06/2022] [Revised: 07/25/2022] [Accepted: 07/27/2022] [Indexed: 11/18/2022] Open
Abstract
Autotaxin (ATX) is the ectoenzyme producing the bulk of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) in circulation. ATX and LPA-mediated signaling (the ATX-LPA axis) play critical roles in the vascular and nervous system development. In adults, this axis contributes to diverse processes, including coagulation, inflammation, fibroproliferation and angiogenesis under physiological and/or pathophysiological conditions. Given evidence implicating several of these processes in chronic subdural hematoma (CSDH) pathogenesis and development, we assessed ATX activity in CSDH patients. Twenty-eight patients were recruited. Blood and hematoma fluid were collected. Enzymatic assays were used to establish serum and hematoma ATX activity. Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays were used to establish hematoma beta trace (BT) levels, a cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) marker, in a hematoma. ATX activity was nearly three folds higher in hematoma compared to serum (P < 0.001). There was no significant correlation between BT levels and ATX activity in a hematoma. The present results show, for the first time, that ATX is catalytically active in the hematoma fluid of CSDH patients. Moreover, our findings of significantly elevated ATX activity in hematoma compared to serum, implicate the ATX-LPA axis in CSDH pathophysiology. The CSF origin of ATX could not be inferred with the present results. Additional research is warranted to establish the significance of the ATX-LPA axis in CSDH and its potential as a biomarker and/or therapeutic target.
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Affiliation(s)
- Theodosis Kalamatianos
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Evaggelismos General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 106 76 Athens, Greece; (E.D.); (C.K.); (G.S.)
- Hellenic Centre for Neurosurgery Research, “Professor Petros S. Kokkalis”, 106 75 Athens, Greece
- Correspondence:
| | - Evangelos Drosos
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Evaggelismos General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 106 76 Athens, Greece; (E.D.); (C.K.); (G.S.)
| | - Christiana Magkrioti
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, 166 72 Athens, Greece; (C.M.); (V.A.)
| | - Ioanna Nikitopoulou
- GP Livanos and M Simou Laboratories, 1st Department of Critical Care & Pulmonary Services, School of Medicine, Evaggelismos General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 106 76 Athens, Greece;
| | - Christos Koutsarnakis
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Evaggelismos General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 106 76 Athens, Greece; (E.D.); (C.K.); (G.S.)
| | - Anastasia Kotanidou
- 1st Department of Critical Care & Pulmonary Services, School of Medicine, Evaggelismos General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 106 76 Athens, Greece;
| | - George P. Paraskevas
- 2nd Department of Neurology, School of Medicine, “Attikon” General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 124 62 Athens, Greece;
| | - Vassilis Aidinis
- Institute for Fundamental Biomedical Research, Biomedical Sciences Research Center Alexander Fleming, 166 72 Athens, Greece; (C.M.); (V.A.)
| | - George Stranjalis
- Department of Neurosurgery, Faculty of Health Sciences, School of Medicine, Evaggelismos General Hospital, National and Kapodistrian University of Athens, 106 76 Athens, Greece; (E.D.); (C.K.); (G.S.)
- Hellenic Centre for Neurosurgery Research, “Professor Petros S. Kokkalis”, 106 75 Athens, Greece
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Boron M, Hauzer-Martin T, Keil J, Sun XL. Circulating Thrombomodulin: Release Mechanisms, Measurements, and Levels in Diseases and Medical Procedures. TH OPEN 2022; 6:e194-e212. [PMID: 36046203 PMCID: PMC9273331 DOI: 10.1055/a-1801-2055] [Citation(s) in RCA: 12] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/29/2021] [Accepted: 03/11/2022] [Indexed: 12/02/2022] Open
Abstract
Thrombomodulin (TM) is a type-I transmembrane protein that is mainly expressed on endothelial cells and plays important roles in many biological processes. Circulating TM of different forms are also present in biofluids, such as blood and urine. Soluble TM (sTM), comprised of several domains of TM, is the major circulating TM which is generated by either enzymatic or chemical cleavage of the intact protein under different conditions. Under normal conditions, sTM is present in low concentrations (<10 ng/mL) in the blood but is elevated in several pathological conditions associated with endothelial dysfunction such as cardiovascular, inflammatory, infection, and metabolic diseases. Therefore, sTM level has been examined for monitoring disease development, such as disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), sepsis and multiple organ dysfunction syndrome in patients with novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) recently. In addition, microvesicles (MVs) that contain membrane TM (MV-TM) have been found to be released from activated cells which also contribute to levels of circulating TM in certain diseases. Several release mechanisms of sTM and MV-TM have been reported, including enzymatic, chemical, and TM mutation mechanisms. Measurements of sTM and MV-TM have been developed and explored as biomarkers in many diseases. In this review, we summarize all these advances in three categories as follows: (1) release mechanisms of circulating TM, (2) methods for measuring circulating TM in biological samples, and (3) correlation of circulating TM with diseases. Altogether, it provides a whole picture of recent advances on circulating TM in health and disease.
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Affiliation(s)
- Mallorie Boron
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical and Biomedical Engineering and Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease (GRHD), Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Tiffany Hauzer-Martin
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical and Biomedical Engineering and Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease (GRHD), Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Joseph Keil
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical and Biomedical Engineering and Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease (GRHD), Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
| | - Xue-Long Sun
- Department of Chemistry and Chemical and Biomedical Engineering and Center for Gene Regulation in Health and Disease (GRHD), Cleveland State University, Cleveland, Ohio, United States
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Immunothrombosis Biomarkers for Distinguishing Coronavirus Disease 2019 Patients From Noncoronavirus Disease Septic Patients With Pneumonia and for Predicting ICU Mortality. Crit Care Explor 2022; 3:e0588. [PMID: 34984340 PMCID: PMC8718216 DOI: 10.1097/cce.0000000000000588] [Citation(s) in RCA: 4] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Supplemental Digital Content is available in the text. IMPORTANCE: Coronavirus disease 2019 patients have an increased risk of thrombotic complications that may reflect immunothrombosis, a process characterized by blood clotting, endothelial dysfunction, and the release of neutrophil extracellular traps. To date, few studies have investigated longitudinal changes in immunothrombosis biomarkers in these patients. Furthermore, how these longitudinal changes differ between coronavirus disease 2019 patients and noncoronavirus disease septic patients with pneumonia are unknown. OBJECTIVES: In this pilot observational study, we investigated the utility of immunothrombosis biomarkers for distinguishing between coronavirus disease 2019 patients and noncoronavirus disease septic patients with pneumonia. We also evaluated the utility of the biomarkers for predicting ICU mortality in these patients. DESIGN, SETTING, AND PARTICIPANTS: The participants were ICU patients with coronavirus disease 2019 (n = 14), noncoronavirus disease septic patients with pneumonia (n = 19), and healthy age-matched controls (n = 14). MAIN OUTCOMES AND MEASURES: Nine biomarkers were measured from plasma samples (on days 1, 2, 4, 7, 10, and/or 14). Analysis was based on binomial logit models and receiver operating characteristic analyses. RESULTS: Cell-free DNA, d-dimer, soluble endothelial protein C receptor, protein C, soluble thrombomodulin, fibrinogen, citrullinated histones, and thrombin-antithrombin complexes have significant powers for distinguishing coronavirus disease 2019 patients from healthy individuals. In comparison, fibrinogen, soluble endothelial protein C receptor, antithrombin, and cell-free DNA have significant powers for distinguishing coronavirus disease 2019 from pneumonia patients. The predictors of ICU mortality differ between the two patient groups: soluble thrombomodulin and citrullinated histones for coronavirus disease 2019 patients, and protein C and cell-free DNA or fibrinogen for pneumonia patients. In both patient groups, the most recent biomarker values have stronger prognostic value than their ICU day 1 values. CONCLUSIONS AND RELEVANCE: Fibrinogen, soluble endothelial protein C receptor, antithrombin, and cell-free DNA have utility for distinguishing coronavirus disease 2019 patients from noncoronavirus disease septic patients with pneumonia. The most important predictors of ICU mortality are soluble thrombomodulin/citrullinated histones for coronavirus disease 2019 patients, and protein C/cell-free DNA for noncoronavirus disease pneumonia patients. This hypothesis-generating study suggests that the pathophysiology of immunothrombosis differs between the two patient groups.
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Chen W, Chiang J, Lin Y, Lin Y, Chuang P, Chang Y, Chen C, Wu K, Hsieh J, Chen S, Huang W, Chen BPC, Lee H. Lysophosphatidic acid receptor LPA 3 prevents oxidative stress and cellular senescence in Hutchinson-Gilford progeria syndrome. Aging Cell 2020; 19:e13064. [PMID: 31714004 PMCID: PMC6974717 DOI: 10.1111/acel.13064] [Citation(s) in RCA: 27] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/04/2019] [Revised: 10/02/2019] [Accepted: 10/17/2019] [Indexed: 12/11/2022] Open
Abstract
Hutchinson–Gilford progeria syndrome (HGPS) is a rare laminopathy that produces a mutant form of prelamin A, known as Progerin, resulting in premature aging. HGPS cells show morphological abnormalities of the nuclear membrane, reduced cell proliferation rates, accumulation of reactive oxygen species (ROS), and expression of senescence markers. Lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) is a growth factor‐like lipid mediator that regulates various physiological functions via activating multiple LPA G protein‐coupled receptors. Here, we study the roles of LPA and LPA receptors in premature aging. We report that the protein level of LPA3 was highly downregulated through internalization and the lysosomal degradation pathway in Progerin‐transfected HEK293 cells. By treating Progerin HEK293 cells with an LPA3 agonist (OMPT, 1‐Oleoyl‐2‐O‐methyl‐rac‐glycerophosphothionate) and performing shRNA knockdown of the Lpa3r transcript in these cells, we showed that LPA3 activation increased expression levels of antioxidant enzymes, consequently inhibiting ROS accumulation and ameliorating cell senescence. LPA3 was shown to be downregulated in HGPS patient fibroblasts through the lysosomal pathway, and it was shown to be crucial for ameliorating ROS accumulation and cell senescence in fibroblasts. Moreover, in a zebrafish model, LPA3 deficiency was sufficient to cause premature aging phenotypes in multiple organs, as well as a shorter lifespan. Taken together, these findings identify the decline of LPA3 as a key contributor to the premature aging phenotypes of HGPS cells and zebrafish.
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Affiliation(s)
- Wei‐Min Chen
- Department of Life Science National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
- Department of Radiation Oncology University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas TX USA
| | - Jui‐Chung Chiang
- Department of Life Science National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Yueh‐Chien Lin
- Department of Life Science National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Yu‐Nung Lin
- Department of Life Science National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Pei‐Yun Chuang
- Department of Life Science National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Ya‐Chi Chang
- Department of Life Science National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Chien‐Chin Chen
- Department of Pathology Ditmanson Medical Foundation Chia‐Yi Christian Hospital Chiayi Taiwan
- Department of Cosmetic Science Chia Nan University of Pharmacy and Science Tainan Taiwan
| | - Kao‐Yi Wu
- Department of Life Science National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Jung‐Chien Hsieh
- Department of Life Science National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Shih‐Kuo Chen
- Department of Life Science National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Wei‐Pang Huang
- Department of Life Science National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
| | - Benjamin P. C. Chen
- Department of Radiation Oncology University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center Dallas TX USA
| | - Hsinyu Lee
- Department of Life Science National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
- Department of Electrical Engineering National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
- Institute of Biomedical Electronics and Bioinformatics National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
- Center for Biotechnology National Taiwan University Taipei Taiwan
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Khan KA, McMurray JL, Mohammed F, Bicknell R. C-type lectin domain group 14 proteins in vascular biology, cancer and inflammation. FEBS J 2019; 286:3299-3332. [PMID: 31287944 PMCID: PMC6852297 DOI: 10.1111/febs.14985] [Citation(s) in RCA: 51] [Impact Index Per Article: 10.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2019] [Revised: 05/21/2019] [Accepted: 07/05/2019] [Indexed: 02/06/2023]
Abstract
The C‐type lectin domain (CTLD) group 14 family of transmembrane glycoproteins consist of thrombomodulin, CD93, CLEC14A and CD248 (endosialin or tumour endothelial marker‐1). These cell surface proteins exhibit similar ectodomain architecture and yet mediate a diverse range of cellular functions, including but not restricted to angiogenesis, inflammation and cell adhesion. Thrombomodulin, CD93 and CLEC14A can be expressed by endothelial cells, whereas CD248 is expressed by vasculature associated pericytes, activated fibroblasts and tumour cells among other cell types. In this article, we review the current literature of these family members including their expression profiles, interacting partners, as well as established and speculated functions. We focus primarily on their roles in the vasculature and inflammation as well as their contributions to tumour immunology. The CTLD group 14 family shares several characteristic features including their ability to be proteolytically cleaved and engagement of some shared extracellular matrix ligands. Each family member has strong links to tumour development and in particular CD93, CLEC14A and CD248 have been proposed as attractive candidate targets for cancer therapy.
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Affiliation(s)
- Kabir A Khan
- Biological Sciences Platform, Sunnybrook Research Institute, Toronto, Canada.,Department of Medical Biophysics, University of Toronto, Canada
| | - Jack L McMurray
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Centre, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Fiyaz Mohammed
- Cancer Immunology and Immunotherapy Centre, Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy, University of Birmingham, UK
| | - Roy Bicknell
- Institutes of Cardiovascular Sciences and Biomedical Research, College of Medical and Dental Sciences, University of Birmingham, UK
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Zeng C, Wen B, Hou G, Lei L, Mei Z, Jia X, Chen X, Zhu W, Li J, Kuang Y, Zeng W, Su J, Liu S, Peng C, Chen X. Lipidomics profiling reveals the role of glycerophospholipid metabolism in psoriasis. Gigascience 2017; 6:1-11. [PMID: 29046044 PMCID: PMC5647792 DOI: 10.1093/gigascience/gix087] [Citation(s) in RCA: 154] [Impact Index Per Article: 22.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/08/2017] [Revised: 07/08/2017] [Accepted: 08/27/2017] [Indexed: 01/19/2023] Open
Abstract
Psoriasis is a common and chronic inflammatory skin disease that is complicated by gene-environment interactions. Although genomic, transcriptomic, and proteomic analyses have been performed to investigate the pathogenesis of psoriasis, the role of metabolites in psoriasis, particularly of lipids, remains unclear. Lipids not only comprise the bulk of the cellular membrane bilayers but also regulate a variety of biological processes such as cell proliferation, apoptosis, immunity, angiogenesis, and inflammation. In this study, an untargeted lipidomics approach was used to study the lipid profiles in psoriasis and to identify lipid metabolite signatures for psoriasis through ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem quadrupole mass spectrometry. Plasma samples from 90 participants (45 healthy and 45 psoriasis patients) were collected and analyzed. Statistical analysis was applied to find different metabolites between the disease and healthy groups. In addition, enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay was performed to validate differentially expressed lipids in psoriatic patient plasma. Finally, we identified differential expression of several lipids including lysophosphatidic acid (LPA), lysophosphatidylcholine (LysoPC), phosphatidylinositol (PI), phosphatidylcholine (PC), and phosphatidic acid (PA); among these metabolites, LPA, LysoPC, and PA were significantly increased, while PC and PI were down-regulated in psoriasis patients. We found that elements of glycerophospholipid metabolism such as LPA, LysoPC, PA, PI, and PC were significantly altered in the plasma of psoriatic patients; this study characterizes the circulating lipids in psoriatic patients and provides novel insight into the role of lipids in psoriasis.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chunwei Zeng
- BGI-Shenzhen, Beishan Industrial Zone, Yantian District, Shenzhen, China, 518083
- China National GeneBank-Shenzhen, Jinsha Road, Dapeng District, Shenzhen, China, 518083
| | - Bo Wen
- BGI-Shenzhen, Beishan Industrial Zone, Yantian District, Shenzhen, China, 518083
- China National GeneBank-Shenzhen, Jinsha Road, Dapeng District, Shenzhen, China, 518083
| | - Guixue Hou
- BGI-Shenzhen, Beishan Industrial Zone, Yantian District, Shenzhen, China, 518083
- China National GeneBank-Shenzhen, Jinsha Road, Dapeng District, Shenzhen, China, 518083
| | - Li Lei
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road #87 Changsha, Hunan, China, 410008
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road #87 Changsha, Hunan, China, 410008
| | - Zhanlong Mei
- BGI-Shenzhen, Beishan Industrial Zone, Yantian District, Shenzhen, China, 518083
- China National GeneBank-Shenzhen, Jinsha Road, Dapeng District, Shenzhen, China, 518083
| | - Xuekun Jia
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road #87 Changsha, Hunan, China, 410008
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road #87 Changsha, Hunan, China, 410008
| | - Xiaomin Chen
- BGI-Shenzhen, Beishan Industrial Zone, Yantian District, Shenzhen, China, 518083
- China National GeneBank-Shenzhen, Jinsha Road, Dapeng District, Shenzhen, China, 518083
| | - Wu Zhu
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road #87 Changsha, Hunan, China, 410008
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road #87 Changsha, Hunan, China, 410008
| | - Jie Li
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road #87 Changsha, Hunan, China, 410008
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road #87 Changsha, Hunan, China, 410008
| | - Yehong Kuang
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road #87 Changsha, Hunan, China, 410008
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road #87 Changsha, Hunan, China, 410008
| | - Weiqi Zeng
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road #87 Changsha, Hunan, China, 410008
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road #87 Changsha, Hunan, China, 410008
| | - Juan Su
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road #87 Changsha, Hunan, China, 410008
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road #87 Changsha, Hunan, China, 410008
| | - Siqi Liu
- BGI-Shenzhen, Beishan Industrial Zone, Yantian District, Shenzhen, China, 518083
- China National GeneBank-Shenzhen, Jinsha Road, Dapeng District, Shenzhen, China, 518083
| | - Cong Peng
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road #87 Changsha, Hunan, China, 410008
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road #87 Changsha, Hunan, China, 410008
| | - Xiang Chen
- Department of Dermatology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road #87 Changsha, Hunan, China, 410008
- Hunan Key Laboratory of Skin Cancer and Psoriasis, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University, Xiangya Road #87 Changsha, Hunan, China, 410008
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Bongoni AK, Klymiuk N, Wolf E, Ayares D, Rieben R, Cowan PJ. Transgenic Expression of Human Thrombomodulin Inhibits HMGB1-Induced Porcine Aortic Endothelial Cell Activation. Transplantation 2017; 100:1871-9. [PMID: 27077599 DOI: 10.1097/tp.0000000000001188] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
BACKGROUND Transgenic expression of human thrombomodulin (hTBM), which has the potential to solve the problem of coagulation dysregulation in pig-to-primate xenotransplantation, may have additional benefits by neutralizing the proinflammatory cytokine high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1). The aim of this study was to investigate HMGB1-mediated effects on porcine aortic endothelial cells (PAEC) from wild-type (WT) and hTBM transgenic pigs. METHODS Porcine aortic endothelial cells were treated with HMGB1, human (h)TNFα or lipopolysaccharide (LPS). Procoagulant and proinflammatory responses were assessed by measuring expression of cell surface markers (adhesion molecules, fibrinogen-like protein 2, plasminogen activator inhibitor (PAI)-1), secretion of porcine cytokines and chemokines (HMGB1, TNFα, IL-8, monocyte chemotactic protein-1), and formation of PAI-1/tissue plasminogen activator complexes. Thrombin-mediated degradation of HMGB1 in the presence of PAEC was examined by Western blot and functional assay. RESULTS High-mobility group box 1 potently activated WT PAEC, increasing the expression of E-selectin, vascular cell adhesion molecule-1, intercellular adhesion molecule-1, fibrinogen-like protein 2, and PAI-1, the secretion of TNFα, IL-8, and monocyte chemotactic protein-1 and the formation of PAI-1/tissue plasminogen activator complexes. Human TNFα- or LPS-induced activation of WT PAEC was inhibited by treatment with rabbit anti-HMGB1 antibody. Transgenic expression of hTBM significantly reduced the activation of PAEC by HMGB1 or hTNFα, and significantly enhanced thrombin-induced HMGB1 cleavage. Chemically induced shedding of the lectin-like domain of TBM resulted in significantly increased HMGB1-induced PAEC activation. CONCLUSIONS High-mobility group box 1 exerts powerful proinflammatory and procoagulant effects on WT PAEC, and appears to be an important downstream mediator for the actions of hTNFα and LPS. Human thrombomodulin transgenic PAECs are less sensitive to activation by either HMGB1 or hTNFα, an effect that appears to be dependent on the lectin-like domain of TBM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Anjan K Bongoni
- 1 Immunology Research Centre, St. Vincent's Hospital Melbourne, Victoria, Australia. 2 Institute of Molecular Animal Breeding and Biotechnology, Ludwig-Maximilian University, Munich, Germany. 3 Revivicor, Inc., Blacksburg, VA. 4 Department of Clinical Research, University of Bern, Bern, Switzerland. 5 Department of Medicine, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, Victoria, Australia
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Kim JE, Yoo HJ, Gu JY, Kim HK. Histones Induce the Procoagulant Phenotype of Endothelial Cells through Tissue Factor Up-Regulation and Thrombomodulin Down-Regulation. PLoS One 2016; 11:e0156763. [PMID: 27258428 PMCID: PMC4892514 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0156763] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 11/26/2015] [Accepted: 05/19/2016] [Indexed: 01/11/2023] Open
Abstract
The high circulating levels of histones found in various thrombotic diseases may compromise the anticoagulant barrier of endothelial cells. We determined how histones affect endothelial procoagulant tissue factor (TF) and anticoagulant thrombomodulin (TM). Surface antigens, soluble forms, and mRNA levels of TF and TM were measured by flow cytometry, ELISA, and real-time RT-PCR, respectively. TF and TM activity were measured using procoagulant activity, thrombin generation, or chromogenic assays. Involvement of the toll-like receptor (TLR) was assessed using the neutralizing antibodies. Histones dose-dependently induced surface antigens, activity and mRNA levels of endothelial TF. Histone-treated endothelial cells significantly shortened the lag time and enhanced the endogenous thrombin potential of normal plasma, which was normalized by a TF neutralizing antibody. Histones induced phosphatidylserine and protein-disulfide isomerase expression in endothelial cells. Histones also reduced the surface antigen, activity, and mRNA levels of endothelial TM. Polysialic acid and heparin reversed the histone-induced TF up-regulation and TM down-regulation. Activated protein C did not affect the TF up-regulation, but interrupted TM down-regulation. TLR2, and TLR4 inhibitors partially blocked the TF up-regulation. Histones induced the endothelial procoagulant phenotype through TF up-regulation and TM down-regulation. The effects of histones were partly mediated by TLR2, TLR4. Strategies to inhibit the harmful effects of histones in endothelial cells may be required in order to prevent a thrombotic environment.
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Affiliation(s)
- Ji Eun Kim
- Department of Hemato-oncology, Healthcare Innovation Park, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Gyeonggi-do, South Korea
| | - Hyun Ju Yoo
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Ja Yoon Gu
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
| | - Hyun Kyung Kim
- Department of Laboratory Medicine and Cancer Research Institute, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea
- * E-mail:
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11
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Kim SD, Baker P, DeLay J, Wood RD. Thrombomodulin Expression in Tissues From Dogs With Systemic Inflammatory Disease. Vet Pathol 2016; 53:797-802. [DOI: 10.1177/0300985815626571] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022]
Abstract
Thrombomodulin (TM) is a membrane glycoprotein expressed on endothelial cells, which plays a major role in the protein C anticoagulation pathway. In people with inflammation, TM expression can be down-regulated on endothelial cells and a soluble form released into circulation, resulting in increased risk of thrombosis and disseminated intravascular coagulation. TM is present in dogs; however, there has been minimal investigation of its expression in canine tissues, and the effects of inflammation on TM expression in canine tissues have not been investigated. The objective of this study was to evaluate endothelial TM expression in tissues from dogs with systemic inflammatory diseases. A retrospective evaluation of tissue samples of lung, spleen, and liver from dogs with and without systemic inflammatory diseases was performed using immunohistochemistry (IHC) and a modified manual IHC scoring system. TM expression was significantly reduced in all examined tissues in dogs diagnosed with septic peritonitis or acute pancreatitis.
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Affiliation(s)
- S. D. Kim
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - P. Baker
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - J. DeLay
- Animal Health Laboratory, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
| | - R. D. Wood
- Department of Pathobiology, Ontario Veterinary College, University of Guelph, Guelph, ON, Canada
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12
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Biocompatibility and inflammatory response in vitro and in vivo to gelatin-based biomaterials with tailorable elastic properties. Biomaterials 2014; 35:9755-9766. [DOI: 10.1016/j.biomaterials.2014.08.023] [Citation(s) in RCA: 69] [Impact Index Per Article: 6.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 07/11/2014] [Accepted: 08/12/2014] [Indexed: 11/17/2022]
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13
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Kuo CH, Sung MC, Chen PK, Chang BI, Lee FT, Cho CF, Hsieh TT, Huang YC, Li YH, Shi GY, Luo CY, Wu HL. FGFR1 mediates recombinant thrombomodulin domain-induced angiogenesis. Cardiovasc Res 2014; 105:107-17. [DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvu239] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/06/2023] Open
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Martin FA, McLoughlin A, Rochfort KD, Davenport C, Murphy RP, Cummins PM. Regulation of thrombomodulin expression and release in human aortic endothelial cells by cyclic strain. PLoS One 2014; 9:e108254. [PMID: 25238231 PMCID: PMC4169621 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0108254] [Citation(s) in RCA: 16] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/29/2014] [Accepted: 08/19/2014] [Indexed: 01/10/2023] Open
Abstract
Background and Objectives Thrombomodulin (TM), an integral membrane glycoprotein expressed on the lumenal surface of vascular endothelial cells, promotes anti-coagulant and anti-inflammatory properties. Release of functional TM from the endothelium surface into plasma has also been reported. Much is still unknown however about how endothelial TM is regulated by physiologic hemodynamic forces (and particularly cyclic strain) intrinsic to endothelial-mediated vascular homeostasis. Methods This study employed human aortic endothelial cells (HAECs) to investigate the effects of equibiaxial cyclic strain (7.5%, 60 cycles/min, 24 hrs), and to a lesser extent, laminar shear stress (10 dynes/cm2, 24 hrs), on TM expression and release. Time-, dose- and frequency-dependency studies were performed. Results Our initial studies demonstrated that cyclic strain strongly downregulated TM expression in a p38- and receptor tyrosine kinase-dependent manner. This was in contrast to the upregulatory effect of shear stress. Moreover, both forces significantly upregulated TM release over a 48 hr period. With continuing focus on the cyclic strain-induced TM release, we noted both dose (0–7.5%) and frequency (0.5–2.0 Hz) dependency, with no attenuation of strain-induced TM release observed following inhibition of MAP kinases (p38, ERK-1/2), receptor tyrosine kinase, or eNOS. The concerted impact of cyclic strain and inflammatory mediators on TM release from HAECs was also investigated. In this respect, both TNFα (100 ng/ml) and ox-LDL (10–50 µg/ml) appeared to potentiate strain-induced TM release. Finally, inhibition of neither MMPs (GM6001) nor rhomboids (3,4-dichloroisocoumarin) had any effect on strain-induced TM release. However, significantly elevated levels (2.1 fold) of TM were observed in isolated microparticle fractions following 7.5% strain for 24 hrs. Conclusions A preliminary in vitro investigation into the effects of cyclic strain on TM in HAECs is presented. Physiologic cyclic strain was observed to downregulate TM expression, whilst upregulating in a time-, dose- and frequency-dependent manner the release of TM.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona A. Martin
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Alisha McLoughlin
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Keith D. Rochfort
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Colin Davenport
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Ronan P. Murphy
- School of Health & Human Performance, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin, Ireland
- Centre for Preventive Medicine, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin, Ireland
| | - Philip M. Cummins
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin, Ireland
- Centre for Preventive Medicine, Dublin City University, Glasnevin, Dublin, Ireland
- * E-mail:
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15
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Lin Y, Huang C, Shih C, Chang W, Shyue S, Tsai Y, Lin C, Lee C, Chang Y, Chang N, Lin F, Tsai C. The C-Terminal Domain of Thrombomodulin Regulates Monocyte Migration with Interleukin-6 Stimulation. EUR J INFLAMM 2014. [DOI: 10.1177/1721727x1401200104] [Citation(s) in RCA: 3] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/15/2022] Open
Abstract
Thrombomodulin (TM) is expressed on the surface of monocyte, which is important in the regulation of cell migration, proliferation, and inflammatory responses. In a previous study, we demonstrated that TM on monocyte is negatively associated with cell migration. However, the mechanisms involved in this process are unclear, therefore, we explored the mechanisms in this study. Chemotactic assays and immunofluorescence showed that TM siRNA increased the Chemotaxis of the IL-6-activated THP-1, and aggravated actin assembly relative to the IL-6-treated control. In contrast, cells overexpressing plasmids containing full-length or domain 5 of TM followed by IL-6 treatment displayed lower Chemotaxis and less actin assembly. Western blot analysis showed that TM knockdown markedly increased cytoskeleton components cofilin and LIMK1 phosphorylation in IL-6-treated THP-1, whereas, transfected cells with HA-TM FL or HA-TM D5, but not HA-TM Dl-3 plasmids, reversed the effects. Activation of ERK1/2 and JNK/SAPK, upstream regulators of cytoskeleton components, were also inhibited in overexpressed group. Immunoprecipitation assay demonstrated that actin interacts with TM and intersectin1 in THP-1. Decreased interaction between intersectin1 and actin in TM knockdowns suggested that the interaction is mediated by TM. Our findings indicate that TM domain 5 is a negative regulator and seems to have the ability to inhibit paxillin, cofilin, LIMK1, and actin activation. The mechanisms for the repression effect of domain 5 may be mediated by inhibition of the ERK1/2 and JNK/SAPK activation. Expression of domain 5 of TM may represent a promising approach for controlling monocyte migration, and TM may have potential applications in treatment of inflammatory diseases.
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Affiliation(s)
- Y.W. Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei
| | - C.Y. Huang
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei
| | - C.M. Shih
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei
| | - W.L. Chang
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei
| | - S.K. Shyue
- Institute of Biomedical Sciences, Academia Sinica, Taipei
| | - Y.T. Tsai
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei
| | - C.Y. Lin
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei
| | - C.Y. Lee
- Division of Cardiovascular Surgery, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei
| | - Y.J. Chang
- Graduate Institute of Clinical Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei, Taiwan
| | - N.C. Chang
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei
| | - F.Y. Lin
- Department of Internal Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Taipei Medical University, Taipei
- Division of Cardiology, Department of Internal Medicine and Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei
- Cardiovascular Research Center, Taipei Medical University Hospital, Taipei
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Herzog C, Lorenz A, Gillmann HJ, Chowdhury A, Larmann J, Harendza T, Echtermeyer F, Müller M, Schmitz M, Stypmann J, Seidler DG, Damm M, Stehr SN, Koch T, Wollert KC, Conway EM, Theilmeier G. Thrombomodulin's lectin-like domain reduces myocardial damage by interfering with HMGB1-mediated TLR2 signalling. Cardiovasc Res 2013; 101:400-10. [PMID: 24323314 DOI: 10.1093/cvr/cvt275] [Citation(s) in RCA: 40] [Impact Index Per Article: 3.6] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/15/2023] Open
Abstract
AIMS Thrombomodulin (TM), via its lectin-like domain (LLD), exhibits anti-inflammatory properties partly by sequestering the pro-inflammatory cytokine, high-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1). Since myocardial damage after ischaemia and reperfusion is mediated by inflammation, we evaluated the cardioprotective effects of the LLD of TM. Using an in vivo mouse model of transient ischaemia and in vitro models of cardiomyocyte hypoxia, we assessed the ability of the LLD to suppress HMGB1-mediated activation of the receptors, receptor for advanced glycation endproducts (RAGEs) and Toll-like receptors (TLRs) 2 and 4. METHODS AND RESULTS Thirty-minute myocardial ischaemia was induced in isoflurane-anaesthetized mice followed by 24 h of reperfusion in wild-type (WT) mice, in mice lacking the LLD of TM (TM(LeD/LeD) mice), and in WT with systemic overexpression of the LLD of TM induced by hydrodynamic transfection. Infarct size, HMGB1 protein, and apoptotic cells were significantly increased in TM(LeD/LeD) mice when compared with WT. Neonatal rat cardiomyocytes transfected with TLR2-, TLR4-, and RAGE-siRNA were exposed to hypoxia (0.8% O2) and reoxygenation (21% O2). HMGB1 augmented hypoxia-induced apoptosis in TLR2- but not in RAGE- or TLR4-suppressed cells. Administration of HMGB1- and TLR2-blocking antibodies in TM(LeD/LeD) mice prior to myocardial ischaemia diminished apoptosis. Therapeutic systemic gene therapy using the LLD reduced the infarct size and HMGB1 protein levels 24 h after reperfusion. CONCLUSION The LLD of TM suppresses HMGB1-induced and TLR2-mediated myocardial reperfusion injury and apoptosis in vitro and in vivo.
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Affiliation(s)
- Christine Herzog
- Department of Anesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine, Hannover Medical School, Carl-Neuberg Str. 1, Hannover 30625, Germany
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Lee H, Chang KW, Yang HY, Lin PW, Chen SU, Huang YL. MT1-MMP regulates MMP-2 expression and angiogenesis-related functions in human umbilical vein endothelial cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2013; 437:232-8. [PMID: 23796708 DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2013.06.046] [Citation(s) in RCA: 11] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 06/11/2013] [Accepted: 06/13/2013] [Indexed: 01/06/2023]
Abstract
Membrane type 1 (MT1)-MMP is a member of matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) that regulates extracellular matrix remodeling. In addition, MT1-MMP also serves as a multi-functional protein. However, the functional role of MT1-MMP in human endothelial cells remains unclear. In this study we use real-time PCR and Western blotting to demonstrate for the first time that MMP-2 expression is regulated by MT1-MMP in human endothelial cells. Moreover, MMP-2 activity is also modulated by MT1-MMP. In addition we found that endothelial cells, ECM adhesion and human endothelial cell tube formation, which are known to be regulated by MMP-2, are blocked by MT1-MMP siRNA. These results suggest that MT1-MMP plays an important role in regulating angiogenesis in human endothelial cells.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hsinyu Lee
- Department of Life Science, National Taiwan University, Taipei, Taiwan, ROC
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Martin FA, Murphy RP, Cummins PM. Thrombomodulin and the vascular endothelium: insights into functional, regulatory, and therapeutic aspects. Am J Physiol Heart Circ Physiol 2013; 304:H1585-97. [PMID: 23604713 PMCID: PMC7212260 DOI: 10.1152/ajpheart.00096.2013] [Citation(s) in RCA: 148] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Key Words] [MESH Headings] [Track Full Text] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/11/2023]
Abstract
Thrombomodulin (TM) is a 557-amino acid protein with a broad cell and tissue distribution consistent with its wide-ranging physiological roles. When expressed on the lumenal surface of vascular endothelial cells in both large vessels and capillaries, its primary function is to mediate endothelial thromboresistance. The complete integral membrane-bound protein form displays five distinct functional domains, although shorter soluble (functional) variants comprising the extracellular domains have also been reported in fluids such as serum and urine. TM-mediated binding of thrombin is known to enhance the specificity of the latter serine protease toward both protein C and thrombin activatable fibrinolysis inhibitor (TAFI), increasing their proteolytic activation rate by almost three orders of magnitude with concomitant anticoagulant, antifibrinolytic, and anti-inflammatory benefits to the vascular wall. Recent years have seen an abundance of research into the cellular mechanisms governing endothelial TM production, processing, and regulation (including flow-mediated mechanoregulation)--from transcriptional and posttranscriptional (miRNA) regulation of TM gene expression, to posttranslational processing and release of the expressed protein--facilitating greater exploitation of its therapeutic potential. The goal of the present paper is to comprehensively review the endothelial/TM system from these regulatory perspectives and draw some fresh conclusions. This paper will conclude with a timely examination of the current status of TM's growing therapeutic appeal, from novel strategies to improve the clinical efficacy of recombinant TM analogs for resolution of vascular disorders such as disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC), to an examination of the complex pleiotropic relationship between statin treatment and TM expression.
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Affiliation(s)
- Fiona A Martin
- School of Biotechnology, Dublin City University, Dublin, Ireland
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19
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Mita-Mendoza NK, van de Hoef DL, Lopera-Mesa TM, Doumbia S, Konate D, Doumbouya M, Gu W, Anderson JM, Santos-Argumedo L, Rodriguez A, Fay MP, Diakite M, Long CA, Fairhurst RM. A potential role for plasma uric acid in the endothelial pathology of Plasmodium falciparum malaria. PLoS One 2013; 8:e54481. [PMID: 23349902 PMCID: PMC3551755 DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0054481] [Citation(s) in RCA: 15] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.4] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 08/25/2012] [Accepted: 12/12/2012] [Indexed: 12/13/2022] Open
Abstract
Background Inflammatory cytokinemia and systemic activation of the microvascular endothelium are central to the pathogenesis of Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Recently, ‘parasite-derived’ uric acid (UA) was shown to activate human immune cells in vitro, and plasma UA levels were associated with inflammatory cytokine levels and disease severity in Malian children with malaria. Since UA is associated with endothelial inflammation in non-malaria diseases, we hypothesized that elevated UA levels contribute to the endothelial pathology of P. falciparum malaria. Methodology/Principal Findings We measured levels of UA and soluble forms of intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1), vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 (sVCAM-1), E-selectin (sE-Selectin), thrombomodulin (sTM), tissue factor (sTF) and vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) in the plasma of Malian children aged 0.5–17 years with uncomplicated malaria (UM, n = 487) and non-cerebral severe malaria (NCSM, n = 68). In 69 of these children, we measured these same factors once when they experienced a malaria episode and twice when they were healthy (i.e., before and after the malaria transmission season). We found that levels of UA, sICAM-1, sVCAM-1, sE-Selectin and sTM increase during a malaria episode and return to basal levels at the end of the transmission season (p<0.0001). Plasma levels of UA and these four endothelial biomarkers correlate with parasite density and disease severity. In children with UM, UA levels correlate with parasite density (r = 0.092, p = 0.043), sICAM-1 (r = 0.255, p<0.0001) and sTM (r = 0.175, p = 0.0001) levels. After adjusting for parasite density, UA levels predict sTM levels. Conclusions/Significance Elevated UA levels may contribute to malaria pathogenesis by damaging endothelium and promoting a procoagulant state. The correlation between UA levels and parasite densities suggests that parasitized erythrocytes are one possible source of excess UA. UA-induced shedding of endothelial TM may represent a novel mechanism of malaria pathogenesis, in which activated thrombin induces fibrin deposition and platelet aggregation in microvessels. This protocol is registered at clinicaltrials.gov (NCT00669084).
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Affiliation(s)
- Neida K. Mita-Mendoza
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
- Departmento de Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigaciόn y Estudios Avanzados – Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Diana L. van de Hoef
- Department of Microbiology, Division of Parasitology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Tatiana M. Lopera-Mesa
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Saibou Doumbia
- Malaria Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Odontostomatology, University of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Drissa Konate
- Malaria Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Odontostomatology, University of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Mory Doumbouya
- Malaria Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Odontostomatology, University of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Wenjuan Gu
- Biostatistics Research Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Jennifer M. Anderson
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Leopoldo Santos-Argumedo
- Departmento de Biomedicina Molecular, Centro de Investigaciόn y Estudios Avanzados – Instituto Politécnico Nacional, Ciudad de México, México
| | - Ana Rodriguez
- Department of Microbiology, Division of Parasitology, NYU School of Medicine, New York, New York, United States of America
| | - Michael P. Fay
- Biostatistics Research Branch, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Mahamadou Diakite
- Malaria Research and Training Center, Faculty of Medicine, Pharmacy and Odontostomatology, University of Bamako, Bamako, Mali
| | - Carole A. Long
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
| | - Rick M. Fairhurst
- Laboratory of Malaria and Vector Research, National Institute of Allergy and Infectious Diseases, National Institutes of Health, Rockville, Maryland, United States of America
- * E-mail:
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Thrombomodulin as a regulator of the anticoagulant pathway: implication in the development of thrombosis. Blood Coagul Fibrinolysis 2012; 23:1-10. [PMID: 22036808 DOI: 10.1097/mbc.0b013e32834cb271] [Citation(s) in RCA: 52] [Impact Index Per Article: 4.3] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 11/25/2022]
Abstract
Thrombomodulin is a cell surface-expressed glycoprotein that serves as a cofactor for thrombin-mediated activation of protein C (PC), an event further amplified by the endothelial cell PC receptor. The PC pathway is a major anticoagulant mechanism that downregulates thrombin formation and hedges thrombus formation. The objectives of this review were to review recent findings regarding thrombomodulin structure, its involvement in the regulation of hemostasis and further discuss the implication, if any, of the genetic polymorphisms in the thrombomodulin gene in the risk of development of thrombosis. We performed a literature search by using electronic bibliographic databases. Although the direct evaluation of risk situations associated with thrombomodulin mutations/polymorphisms could be of clinical significance, it appears that mutations that affect the function of thrombomodulin are rarely associated with venous thromboembolism. However, several polymorphisms are reported to be associated with increased risk for arterial thrombosis. Additionally studies on knock out mice as well studies on humans bearing rare mutations suggest that thrombomodulin dysfunction may be implicated in the pathogenesis of myocardial infraction.
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Chen C, Ochoa LN, Kagan A, Chai H, Liang Z, Lin PH, Yao Q. Lysophosphatidic acid causes endothelial dysfunction in porcine coronary arteries and human coronary artery endothelial cells. Atherosclerosis 2012; 222:74-83. [PMID: 22424734 DOI: 10.1016/j.atherosclerosis.2012.02.010] [Citation(s) in RCA: 22] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [MESH Headings] [Grants] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Submit a Manuscript] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/13/2011] [Revised: 01/21/2012] [Accepted: 02/06/2012] [Indexed: 12/29/2022]
Abstract
AIM The objective of this study was to determine the effects of lysophosphatidic acid (LPA) on endothelial functions and molecular alternations in both porcine coronary arteries and human coronary artery endothelial cells (HCAECs). METHODS AND RESULTS The vessel rings and HCAECs were treated with clinically relevant concentrations of LPA for different times. Vasomotor reactivity was studied with a myograph tension system. LPA (10 and 50 μM) treatment for the vessel rings significantly reduced endothelium-dependent vasorelaxation in response to bradykinin (×10(-5)M) by 32% and 49%, respectively, compared with the control (P<0.05). LPA decreased endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS) mRNA and immunoreactivity levels in the vessel rings. In HCAECs, LPA reduced eNOS mRNA, phospho-eNOS and total eNOS protein levels. In addition, superoxide anion levels in LPA-treated vessel rings and HCAECs were significantly increased by lucegenin-enhanced chemiluminescence assay and dihydroethidium staining, respectively. Mitochondrial membrane potential and ATP content in LPA-treated HCAECs were substantially decreased. The mRNA levels of reactive oxygen species generating enzymes NOX4 and p40(phox) were increased, while endogenous antioxidant enzyme superoxide dismutase 1 was decreased in response to LPA treatment in HCAECs. Furthermore, exogenous antioxidant molecule selenomethionine (SeMet) effectively reversed these LPA-induced effects in both porcine coronary arteries and HCAECs. CONCLUSIONS LPA causes endothelial dysfunction by a mechanism associated with decreased eNOS expression and increased oxidative stress in porcine coronary arteries and HCAECs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Chanygi Chen
- Molecular Surgeon Research Center, Division of Vascular Surgery and Endovascular Therapy, Michael E. DeBakey Department of Surgery, Baylor College of Medicine, Houston, TX 77030, USA.
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The recombinant lectin-like domain of thrombomodulin inhibits angiogenesis through interaction with Lewis Y antigen. Blood 2011; 119:1302-13. [PMID: 22101897 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2011-08-376038] [Citation(s) in RCA: 38] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 01/08/2023] Open
Abstract
Lewis Y Ag (LeY) is a cell-surface tetrasaccharide that participates in angiogenesis. Recently, we demonstrated that LeY is a specific ligand of the recombinant lectin-like domain of thrombomodulin (TM). However, the biologic function of interaction between LeY and TM in endothelial cells has never been investigated. Therefore, the role of LeY in tube formation and the role of the recombinant lectin-like domain of TM-TM domain 1 (rTMD1)-in antiangiogenesis were investigated. The recombinant TM ectodomain exhibited lower angiogenic activity than did the recombinant TM domains 2 and 3. rTMD1 interacted with soluble LeY and membrane-bound LeY and inhibited soluble LeY-mediated chemotaxis of endothelial cells. LeY was highly expressed on membrane ruffles and protrusions during tube formation on Matrigel. Blockade of LeY with rTMD1 or Ab against LeY inhibited endothelial tube formation in vitro. Epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor in HUVECs was LeY modified. rTMD1 inhibited EGF receptor signaling, chemotaxis, and tube formation in vitro, and EGF-mediated angiogenesis and tumor angiogenesis in vivo. We concluded that LeY is involved in vascular endothelial tube formation and rTMD1 inhibits angiogenesis via interaction with LeY. Administration of rTMD1 or recombinant adeno-associated virus vector carrying TMD1 could be a promising antiangiogenesis strategy.
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23
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van Hinsbergh VWM. Endothelium--role in regulation of coagulation and inflammation. Semin Immunopathol 2011; 34:93-106. [PMID: 21845431 PMCID: PMC3233666 DOI: 10.1007/s00281-011-0285-5] [Citation(s) in RCA: 331] [Impact Index Per Article: 25.5] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Download PDF] [Figures] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 05/02/2011] [Accepted: 07/20/2011] [Indexed: 02/07/2023]
Abstract
By its strategic position at the interface between blood and tissues, endothelial cells control blood fluidity and continued tissue perfusion while simultaneously they direct inflammatory cells to areas in need of defense or repair. The endothelial response depends on specific tissue needs and adapts to local stresses. Endothelial cells counteract coagulation by providing tissue factor and thrombin inhibitors and receptors for protein C activation. The receptor PAR-1 is differentially activated by thrombin and the activated protein C/EPCR complex, resulting in antithrombotic and anti-inflammatory effects. Thrombin and vasoactive agents release von Willebrand factor as ultra-large platelet-binding multimers, which are cleaved by ADAMTS13. Platelets can also facilitate leukocyte-endothelium interaction. Platelet activation is prevented by nitric oxide, prostacyclin, and exonucleotidases. Thrombin-cleaved ADAMTS18 induces disintegration of platelet aggregates while tissue-type plasminogen activator initiates fibrinolysis. Fibrin and products of platelets and inflammatory cells modulate the angiogenic response of endothelial cells and contribute to tissue repair.
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Affiliation(s)
- Victor W M van Hinsbergh
- Institute for Cardiovascular Research, VU University Medical Center, Amsterdam, The Netherlands.
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24
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Reducing agents induce thrombomodulin shedding in human endothelial cells. Thromb Res 2010; 126:e88-93. [DOI: 10.1016/j.thromres.2010.05.006] [Citation(s) in RCA: 17] [Impact Index Per Article: 1.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 02/25/2010] [Revised: 04/26/2010] [Accepted: 05/06/2010] [Indexed: 02/04/2023]
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25
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Thrombin induces nestin expression via the transactivation of EGFR signalings in rat vascular smooth muscle cells. Cell Signal 2009; 21:954-68. [PMID: 19245830 DOI: 10.1016/j.cellsig.2009.02.005] [Citation(s) in RCA: 30] [Impact Index Per Article: 2.0] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 12/11/2008] [Revised: 02/10/2009] [Accepted: 02/10/2009] [Indexed: 11/20/2022]
Abstract
Regulation of nestin gene expression is largely unknown despite that it is widely used as a progenitor cell marker. In this study, we showed that nestin expression is regulated by the thrombin-mediated EGFR transactivation in serum-deprived primary cultures of rat vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs). This resulted from the direct binding of thrombin to PAR-1 rather than indirectly affecting through the binding to thrombomodulin, as demonstrated by thrombomodulin RNAi. In this process, the PAR-1-induced c-Src plays a critical role through two routes; one was the direct intracellular phosphorylation of EGFR and the other was the extracellular activation of the MMP-2-mediated shedding of HB-EGF. The transactivated EGFR then led to the downstream Ras-Raf-ERK signaling axis, but not the p38 or JNK pathways. In addition, the EMSA experiment showed that the transcriptional factor Sp1 is critical for the thrombin-induced nestin expression in rat VSMCs. Furthermore, RNAi of nestin attenuated the thrombin-induced cell proliferation, indicating that thrombin-induced nestin expression and cell proliferation share the same EGFR transactivation mechanism. This study also suggested that nestin may play an important role in cell proliferation induced by the thrombin-mediated EGFR transactivation.
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26
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Huang YL, Shi GY, Jiang MJ, Lee H, Chou YW, Wu HL, Yang HY. Epidermal growth factor up-regulates the expression of nestin through the Ras-Raf-ERK signaling axis in rat vascular smooth muscle cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 2008; 377:361-366. [DOI: 10.1016/j.bbrc.2008.09.143] [Citation(s) in RCA: 13] [Impact Index Per Article: 0.8] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 09/23/2008] [Accepted: 09/27/2008] [Indexed: 11/26/2022]
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27
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Lectin-like domain of thrombomodulin binds to its specific ligand Lewis Y antigen and neutralizes lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response. Blood 2008; 112:3661-70. [PMID: 18711002 DOI: 10.1182/blood-2008-03-142760] [Citation(s) in RCA: 143] [Impact Index Per Article: 8.9] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Indexed: 02/07/2023] Open
Abstract
Thrombomodulin (TM), a widely expressing glycoprotein originally identified in vascular endothelium, is an important cofactor in the protein C anticoagulant system. TM appears to exhibit anti-inflammatory ability through both protein C-dependent and -independent pathways. We presently have demonstrated that recombinant N-terminal lectinlike domain of TM (rTMD1) functions as a protective agent against sepsis caused by Gram-negative bacterial infections. rTMD1 caused agglutination of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae and enhanced the macrophage phagocytosis of these Gram-negative bacteria. Moreover, rTMD1 bound to the Klebsiella pneumoniae and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) by specifically interacting with Lewis Y antigen. rTMD1 inhibited LPS-induced inflammatory mediator production via interference with CD14 and LPS binding. Furthermore, rTMD1 modulated LPS-induced mitogen-activated protein kinase and nuclear factor-kappaB signaling pathway activations and inducible nitric oxide synthase expression in macrophages. Administration of rTMD1 protected the host by suppressing inflammatory responses induced by LPS and Gram-negative bacteria, and enhanced LPS and bacterial clearance in sepsis. Thus, rTMD1 can be used to defend against bacterial infection and inhibit LPS-induced inflammatory responses, suggesting that rTMD1 may be valuable in the treatment of severe inflammation in sepsis, especially in Gram-negative bacterial infections.
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28
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Kanda H, Newton R, Klein R, Morita Y, Gunn MD, Rosen SD. Autotaxin, an ectoenzyme that produces lysophosphatidic acid, promotes the entry of lymphocytes into secondary lymphoid organs. Nat Immunol 2008; 9:415-23. [PMID: 18327261 DOI: 10.1038/ni1573] [Citation(s) in RCA: 211] [Impact Index Per Article: 13.2] [Reference Citation Analysis] [Abstract] [Track Full Text] [Journal Information] [Subscribe] [Scholar Register] [Received: 10/22/2007] [Accepted: 02/08/2008] [Indexed: 12/23/2022]
Abstract
The extracellular lysophospholipase D autotaxin (ATX) and its product, lysophosphatidic acid, have diverse functions in development and cancer, but little is known about their functions in the immune system. Here we found that ATX had high expression in the high endothelial venules of lymphoid organs and was secreted. Chemokine-activated lymphocytes expressed receptors with enhanced affinity for ATX, which provides a mechanism for targeting the secreted ATX to lymphocytes undergoing recruitment. Lysophosphatidic acid induced chemokinesis in T cells. Intravenous injection of enzymatically inactive ATX attenuated the homing of T cells to lymphoid tissues, probably through competition with endogenous ATX and exertion of a dominant negative effect. Our results support the idea of a new and general step in the homing cascade in which the ectoenzyme ATX facilitates the entry of lymphocytes into lymphoid organs.
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Affiliation(s)
- Hidenobu Kanda
- Department of Anatomy, Program in Immunology, Cardiovascular Research Institute, University of California San Francisco, San Francisco, California 94143, USA
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